BSI BS*G443 84 MH Lb24b69 OObb325 6 MM AS] BS 6443: 1984 e | ‘© Britioh Standordo Inatitution. No part of this publication may be photocopied or otherwise reproduced without the prior permission in writing of BSI British Standard Method for © Penetrant flaw detection (Méthode de détection des défauts par ressuage Fehlernachweis mit dem Eindringverfahren British Standards Institution Copyright by Ue British STandardsIslittion Wed Nov 10 164305 1999BS 6443 : 1984 Contents Page Foreword Inside front cover Committoes responsible Beck cover 5. Go 1 1 2. Definitions 1 3. Principle of method and types of process materials 1 4. Compatibility of materials 1 6. Safety guidance and statutory requirements 2 6, Solaction of process 2 Seetion tro. Equipe 7. Equipment 2 ‘Soction three. Preparation of surfaces application of process materials 8. Precloaning 4 Foreword ‘Soveral British Standards have been published that describe ‘the application of penetrant flaw detection to specific products. It was accordingly considered that it would now be opportune to propare a standard daseribing the basic techniques for this method of non-destructive testing ‘This British Standard has accordingly been prepared under tha direction of tho Machanical Engineoring Standards Gommittee and cue eccount has been taken of the corresponding aerospace standard, Brith Standard M 30 : 1972 ‘Method for penetrant insnection of serososce matarlals and components’, which provided a basie for this standard ‘This standard provides detailed information on penetrant flaw detection to which BSI committees and others responsible for the application of appropriate techniqus to specific products and for establishing acceptance criteria can make reference. It is, however, recognized that some variation trom the basic techniques described in this standard may bo requited for partioular applications. 1d for locating diecontinui folds, eracks and porosity that are open to the surface in a material or component. ‘The method can be used on materials rageraes of thelr physical properties, provided the surface is normally non: absorbant and compatible with the nroeass materials and the conditions under which they are applied to the surface. ‘The effectiveness of the method Is dependent on each stage Goppree by ie Beth Slandaras Tesutovon Wed Nov 10 164342 1999 BSI BS*b443 84 MM Lb24G69 OObb32b 7 Pago 8, Procedures for application of penetrant process materials to prepared surfacas 10. Viewing conditions 11. Inspection 12. Technique sheets and oresontation of date 18, Cleaning ater testing ‘Appendices A. Corrosion teste B. Controf tosis C._ Example of technique shoot Figures 1. Flow diagram illustrating the various procostes possible in penatrant flaw detection 10 2. Apparatus for checking the fluorescence of @ fluorescent penetrant " in the provedure being carried out correctly by competent persons, Any doparture from correct procedure can soriously attect the valaity of a penetranttost and in interpreting results it fs very important to distinguish betwaen relevant Indications from flaws and spurious indications from other Penetrant flaw detection is often complementary to other ‘methods of flaw detection, The ute of any mathod of non: destructive tasting should always be considered in relation to testing and inepaction a¢ a whole, When such methods are specified, the most suitable and economic method! of Ingpection compatible with the ultimate application for the product should always be empioyed. ‘Tho manufacturers of process materlals for penetrant flaw Ldetootion provide eemprahensive tachnieal eorviaee and it recommended that these services be used when solacting a process for a prticuler inspection. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of Its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and exporlznaed people, for whose guidance it has baon prepared, ‘Compliance with a British Standard does not of I confor immunity from legal obligations. tn partial ‘attention is dravin to the Health and Safety at Work, eto. Aot 1974,BST BS#L443 84 MM LL24GL9 OObb327 1 BS 6443 : 984 ee British Standard Method for Penetrant flaw detection Section one. General 1, Scope ‘This British Standard desoribes a method for detecting surface flaws in materials ana components, during ‘manufacture and in service, by panetrant flaw detection. tated on te isle bokecover. reel in thi stander 2, Definitions For the purposes ofthis British Stsndaru the Uefinitions tiven in BS 3683 : Part 1 apply, together with the following. 2:4 aqueous liquid developer. A suepansian of inert white ‘powders ina water-based carrier medium, usually Incorporeting corrosion inhibitors. 2.2 aqueous wath, A water rinse used as part oral of the penetrant removal stage. 23 colour contrast penetrant. A solution of dyes, typically ‘red, in an arganie carrier system, 2.4 combined oolour contratt and fluorascant penetrant. ‘A solution of dyestuffs in an organie carrior medium that is capable of reflecting visible ight and of absorbing radiation in the ultraviolet rogion with consequent emission of radiation in the visible region, 25 hydrophilic remover. A water-based ponetrant remover ‘hat ie miscibie in all proportions with water. 2.6 linoohilic remover, An oll-basod penotrant remover ‘that is miscible in all proportions with post-emulsifiable penetrants 2.7 non-aqueous liquid developer. A suspension of inert white powders in a volatila organic solvent carrier. 2.8 thixotrople penstrant. A gelatinous panotrant in which the viscosity Is reduced with the duration of an applied shear stress, 3, Principle of method and types of process materials The penetranttlaw detection method cornists wssentilly of ‘the sequence of operations listed in (a) to (e) below and ilustrated for the gonoral casein figure 1 (2) Preparation of the surfaces of the components to be inspected by pre-cleaning, degreasing and drying (soe clause 8). {(b) Application of ponetrant to the preparad surfaces sand e period of time allowed for eto entor any. dlscontinuities opon to the surfaces (soe clause 9). “The three types of penstrant included in this standard that may be applied to prepared surfaces are: (1) fluorescent; (2) colour contrast; (3) combined colour contrast and fluorescent, (c) Removal of exoess penetrant in such a manner that \will ensure retention of penetrant in any dlscontinuttes (Gee clause 9} “This standard deserves four ways In which the removal of excoss panetrant may be achieved: (1) by applic (2) by application of water only; (3) by application of water usually before, and always after, application of a penetrant removal solution that le wetersoluble (hydrophilic remover); (4) by application of an emulsifier that is ol-soluble lipophilic remover) followed by application of water. (2) Application of a developer and a parled of time allowed for the panatrant liquid to be drawn out of the lscontinuities,s0 as to give enhanced indications (eae clause 9} “The types of davelopor Included in this standard are: (1) dry powder (2) aqueous liquid developers, of wich there are two typi, Li. powder suspensions and solutions; (3) non-aqueous liquid developers, which consist of a suspension of poulars in a nonaqueous liuid carrer (6) Examination and assessment of the Indications under ‘appropriate viewing conditions (see clauses 10 and 11). On complation of inspection and ossessmont the treated turfaoas may be cleaned and, as nacessary, a corrosion preventive appiled. ‘of a solvent in liquid form: 4, Compatibility of materials 4:1 {ti essential that the ponetrant process materials are ‘compatible with the material to be Inspected and the ‘ultimate use of the component. NOTE 1. Tre competiily of ‘pack consideration: {al for component stsciotd lth hgh test peroxide rocket fuel, explosive sors (tes include al ms containing ‘aplosve rropelan, nating or ayrotachnle materials ‘nysenequiament or nuclasrepplieations: (0) hare ae is ¢ possiblity of stesscorosion or of corrosion Intarel features alter postinepecion cloning y process materiale wil que NOTE 2. ln most cate, the compatibility of ponetrent process retells with retry of materi lng apeted eo power bythe corrosion test exeribed in appenas A. Copyright by Tre Bra STandaras Tastoion Wed Nov 10 1643) 1999BS 6443 : 1984 In the absence of a particular requirement. itis recom: mended that the residual halogen content of penetrant process materials should be limitad to 1 4.2. As the chemical or physical properties of some non- metalies can be adversely affected by penetrant process materials, their compatibility has tae established before Inspecting components manufactured from, and assemblies that include, such materials. 4.3 In situations whare contamination might occur itis ssontial that care be takon to ensure that the penetrant process materiale do not havo a deleterious effect on fuels lubricants, hydraulie fluids, ote. 444 It Is ossntial that a surfoco containina flaws thet hes ‘beon treated with a colour eontrast ponotcant is not subsequently processed using a fluorescent penetrant unless it has been subject to further proparation as described ‘clause 8, since residual colour penetrant can mask the fluorescent penetcant, resulting in complete or partial quenching ofthe fluorescence. “Tho same applies to the use of a fluorescent penetrant. Followed by # valour contrast penetrant 5, Safety guidance and statutory requirements 5.1 Siting. Installations for carrying out penetrant flaw < | ~ Y - Dry (8.6) Bry (0.8) t ‘Apply dry powaor davelopar (8.6(a)) ‘Apply equeous developer (9.6{b)) a Dry (9.85) | Figure 1. Flow diagram illustrating the v Gopprene by ie Brosh Standards Tesutonon Wed Nov 10 164351 1999 7 finn doviober ‘Sue t Allow to dey [GG Development time 1 Inspect (clause 11) t Clean (oleuse 13) t Protect i required NOTE. The numbers rfer tthe eorrssoncing clees in the tot ious processes possible in penetrant flaw detection 10TBST BS*6443 84 MMH Lb24bb9 OOL6337 4 a BS 6443 : 1984 © wir sere e \ pretgtr (0'fo 500 tux} << Fluorescent filler poper sr, ‘ SS Y FFiguen 2. Apparatus for checking the fluorescance of a fluorescent penetrant " Copyright by the British Slandards lsittion re Wed Nov 10 164352 1999BSI BS*GU4Z BY MM DEEYGGS OOLL338 b mm e Publications referred to S871 Specification for abrasive papers and lathe BS 1194 Method for to aessmant of surfece txture Be 1427 Moution consol methods of ting weter ed a industry 883689 | Giouary of tre uted i nonsderrctve testing Pare 1 Ponetant fan detection 185 4400. Mothoa for masuiremantof LNA radiation (hark ght asada non-destructive tating 1556345 Cove of pectic forthe election, instalation and mantonance of eletielenpertut for ue in potentially explosive ‘mosphere (other than ining gpllalons or explsiva processing end manufacture) (GP 3012 Cleaning and preperation of metal aurfces British Stenderd M 27, Method forthe etch inepection of metalle mataral and componeats Fitch Stanard M24" Mathor for ponetrant Inston of seromice metals and components Netional Radllogieal Prova Board Proteetion against urevolet relation atthe workslce, Published by HIVSO. ‘Retr to the forenord only. For information about BSI services relating to third party cetifoation to suitable Bitch Standard product specications, schemes {for tho rogietration of firme of sessed capably tasting ard inspection facts. olease contaet the Director, Quality Assurance Division, BSI. Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Horts HP2 450. Tel Hemel Hompstaed 3111, Copyright by the British Slandards Isittion Wed Nov 10 164352 1999“The Rich Standard ving bean neaparad una tha distion of ta Mochonie! Engineering Stendarss Commtta, wes pubiahod Unde tha authorty ofthe Board of BSI and somee into effet on 31 May 1984 © Brith Standerds Inetuton, 1984 ISBN 0 680 138560 Bntish Standard nattution Incorporated by Royal Charter, SI is the independent nations body or lon of British Standards ee tho UK membe oft i ‘Organization for Standaatzation and UR ‘ontor ofthe British National Cornmitee ofthe Interaational Eloavoteehnes! Commission copyright User of Sith Standards ar reminded that copyraht sults in ‘8138! publiations, No pat ofthis publication may be reproduced th any form wrthout tne prior permission inverting of BS. Ths ‘doesnot preolue th fou, n thacoure of imporneting the Stondir of necessary detls sich a symbols ond oe, ype OF Standards Institution, Linford Wood, Committes responsible for this British Standard ‘The preparetion ofthis Gitsh Standerd was entrusted by the Mechantal Englwering Standards Committee (MEE/- to Technical ‘Commitee MEE/I69 upon which the following bodies wore repravonted ‘Aluminium Federation ‘Asocieted Oise Techical Commitee BNF Metals Technology Cente Betisnalrwaye Brith ChamitalEnginering Contractor" Ausocation British Electrical and Aled Menutecures’Asociaton (BEAMA) Brits Isttute of Nondestructive Tetiog Brian Ste! Industry Deparumaet of Trade ond Industy (Nations! Englncring teaureiory) Amendments issued since publication BST BS#6443 84 MM Lb24bb9 006339 6 ml BS 6443: 1984 We Kaynoe M14 BLE. The mbar for tlophone enquiis (50a 320033 ena for tlex 625777, Contact roquiraments brovisons of «contact, Users of Brith Standorde are response for ther corect apalication, Betis Standeras are rvisbe, when necessary, by the sue ‘of amendments or of revised edtans eis impo Buia ‘he at publication Is othe BS! Catalogue, supplementss each month by BE Nove which tate te sabrina mbar of the Institution and gles deals of nen publeation, revisions, amendments end witharawn standards, Any aeran wh, whan “mbiputy is equerted to notify 8S! without dlay in over that ‘the matter may be inverted and aparepat action taken, “Tho folloving 08 olorenoan celta to the work on thie stl Commitaartaronce MEE/68 Oraft for commant 82780887 OC Electrity Supply Industry In England and Wolos Engineering Equipment and Mataials Usos'Assocletlon Helen ona Story Execute Inatitute of Qsity Assurance Instr of Datonee National Cos! Board Non-dostructivo Testing Corto Society of Motor Manufactirers and Teds Limited ings eserch ana Trode Avtciation ingdom Atoms Earay Autenity Water-tube Boermacers”Aerolaion Wottng Institute Ama. No, Date of issue | Text affeotod a0na ‘April 1085 Indicated by @ line Inthe marin British Standards Institution « 2 Park Street London W1A 2BS « Telephone 01-629 9000 « Telex 266933 9509-6-1.5k-8 (Goppreht by The Beth Standards Testoion Wed Nov 10 164352 1999 meesi89 erbo sa ve6L