Most of days, everyone has taken pharmaceutical drugs as an immediate cure for any

specific illness or disease. They tend to intake this every time they get sick in such a
way that they almost depending on it even though it’s too much expensive at all. In
curing some intestinal diseases, taking up medicine is not enough but in fact, 25
percent of this drugs prescribed worldwide are derived from plants (Axe, 2017). Herbal
medicine is used to treat many conditions, such as allergies, asthma, eczema,
premenstrual syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraine, menopausal
symptoms, chronic fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome, and cancer, among others
(Ehrlich, 2015).
1.500 BCE when MesoAmerican cultures (Olmec, Maya, Aztecs) use natural latex
and rubber to make balls, containers and make their clothes waterproof. On 1862
Alexander Parkes (UK) creates Parkesine, the first man-made plastic made from
cellulose. Parkesine was a biobased plastic, a bioplastic. And on 1897 Galalith is
invented by German chemists. It’s a biodegradable plastic made from casein (milk).
Commercial breakthrough was limited for several reasons. Galalith could not be
moulded. Milk was scarce and the development of oil-based plastics was boosted
during WWI. Galalith is still used today to make buttons. As times goes by many ways
for making bio plastics was discovered by many individuals just to lessen the usage of
plastics or to help them in their daily lives.
 Jeroen J.G.van SoestabS.H.D.H.aD.de WitaJ.F.G.V.b. Agrotechnological Research Institute (ATO-
DLO), P.O. Box 17, NL-6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands.Department of Bio-organic Chemistry,
Bijvoet Center, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.075, NL-3508 TB, Utrecht, Netherlands.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0926669095000488.html
 J. Braz. Chem. Soc. vol.22 no.6 São Paulo June 2011. Alvaro A. A.I,*; Piedad F. G.II; Samith E. M.I;
Robin Z.II Researchers. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0103-
50532011000600024&script=sci_arttext.html
 S. Mehdi, Emadian, Turgut T. Onay, Burak Demirel. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X1630561X.html
 J. Gonzalez, Gutierrez P. Partal, M. Garcia, Morales C. Gallegos. Departamento de Ingeniería
Química, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus El Carmen, Universidad de Huelva, 21071
Huelva, Spain. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852409014011.html
 S. L. Ezeoha1 and J. N. Ezenwanne2 1,2Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sunday_Ezeoha/publication/274123264_Production_of_Biode
gradable_Plastic_Packaging_Film_from_Cassava_Starch/links/5994be0b0f7e9b98953afcd9/Producti
on-of-Biodegradable-Plastic-Packaging-Film-from-Cassava-Starch.pdf.html
General Objective:

Decipher which has more suitability between Cassava starch and Cornstarch in
making bioplastics.

Specific Objectives:

to compare between Cassava starch and cornstarch as bioplastics in terms of:

a. durability
b. method of preparation
c. appearance
to determine the effectiveness of Cassava starch and cornstarch as
bioplastics.
to compare the decomposition of Cassava starch and cornstarch after using.
 This Science Investigatory Project (SIP) aims to reduce or terminate the
extensive use of conventional plastics which poses a huge threat to the environment
and leads to the dependency on depleting fossil fuels for their production. The
exceptional properties that plastics possess are the reason for their wide range
usage over wood and other metals. Alternatives called bioplastics evolved during
development of renewable resources. Utilizing renewable resources like agricultural
wastes (instead of petroleum sources), and their biodegradability in different
environments enabled these polymers to be more easily acceptable than the
conventional plastics. The biodegradability of bioplastics is highly affected by their
physical and chemical structure. On the other hand, the environment in which they
are located, plays a crucial role in their biodegradation. This review highlights the
recent findings attributed to the biodegradation of bioplastics in various
environments, environmental conditions, degree of biodegradation, including the
identified bioplastic- degrading microorganisms from different microbial
communities.
 The bio plastic made from cassava starch and corn starch differ in terms of their
durability and appearance, the bio plastic made from cassava starch was more
durable and has a clear white color.

That is why if this investigatory project will be successfully done, it will help us save
the environment. Bioplastics don't just help us to carry goods easily it can also save
our environment from harmful chemicals that plastics have. We will identify which
material is more suitable ingredient in making bioplastics.

Important Materials Involved:

The materials to be use in the research are based on the things we need in
making sure the experiment would give a clear and precise result. Accordingly, to
the hypothesis that we want to figure out and research questions to be answer with
appropriate observations. Those materials are as follows:
 Vinegar
 Cornstarch
 Cassava starch
 Glycerol
 Measuring glass
 Water
 Tablespoon

1. Mix all the ingredients (70ml of water, 10.5ml of glycerol, 10.5g of cornstarch,
and 7ml of vinegar).

2. Combine all the ingredients and stir together until become milky white
and quite watery.

3. Heat on medium-low. Place the casserole on the stove and set the heat to
medium- low. Stir continuously as the mixture heats. Bring it to a gentle boil.
As the mixture heats, it will become more translucent and begin to thicken.
• Remove the mixture from the heat when it becomes clear and thick.

• Total heating time will be around 10-15minutes.

• Lumps may begin to form if the mixture gets overheated.

4. Pour the mixture onto foil or parchment paper. Spread the heated mixture
onto a piece of foil or parchment paper to let it cool. If you would like to mold
the plastic into a shape, it must be done while it is still warm.

• Remove any bubbles that you see by poking them with a toothpick.

5. Allow the plastic to dry for at least two days. It will take time for the plastic to
dry and harden. As it cools, it will begin to dry out. Depending on the thickness
of the plastic, it can take longer for it to dry. If you make one small thick piece
it will take longer to dry than a thinner larger piece.

• Leave the plastic in a cool, dry place for this process.

• Check the plastic after two days to see if it has fully hardened.
1. Compare in terms of durability, method of preparations, and appearance.
Comparing the two finished product, we found out that there were
differences in terms of appearance and durability even though the method of
preparation was the same. The cassava starch was clear white while the corn
starch has blurry white color, the bio plastic made from cassava starch was also
more durable.
 2. Determine the effectiveness after the experimentation we are able to
make bio plastics out of cassava starch and cornstarch.
It proves that we can use cassava starch and corn starch as ingredient in
making bio plastics. Preparing it was easy and the materials were not hard
to find.

3. Compare the decomposition

Based on our research, Bio plastics would take 3-6 months to decompose
depending on the environment. The temperature and the moist may affect the speed
of decomposition.

As what the result have shown, the researchers therefore conclude that it is
possible to make a bio plastics using cassava starch and corn starch as ingredient.
To disapprove the null hypothesis that is in the chapter 1 of this study, the result
that we’ve given proves that we had made two bio plastics; one using cassava starch
as ingredient and the other one using corn starch. This finding has strongly proven
that cassava starch and corn starch can be used as ingredient in making bio plastics.

We highly recommend our product to reduce the used of non-biodegrable

plastics . By using our product it has a big impact in our environment and also to
us humans . Since plastic is one of the cause of pollution this will also lessen the
pollution that we may encounter to the next generation

All of the observations are based on the results that have been appeared every
day this bioplastic made out of cassava and corn starch is very helpful to find a
better and cheaper way of using biodegradable plastic.

Comparing in terms of durability, method of preparations, and appearance of

the two finished product, we found out that the only difference is that the bio
plastic made up of cassava starch is more elastic/durable than the one made out of
corn starch. The products have same color and were prepared the same way.

The research activities have shown and proven that cassava starch is effective
in the development of biodegradable packaging materials such as plastics.
Therefore, Cassava\ corn Starch is an effective component for Biodegradable
plastic. The cassava and corn starch were almost the same, the only difference is
cassava is thicker, translucent and rough than the corn starch.

The quality of the plastic produce greatly depends on the proportion on the
additive used and any difference from the formulation may bring about changes in
terms of flexibility, color, transparency and texture that may affect the results of the
experimentations.