DISEÑO DE LA ESCALERA

Características: el primer tramo se apoya en una zapata de ancho igual a 50 cm. y peralte de 60
cm, s/c = 400 Kg./m2. Usar f’c = 210 Kg./cm2, Y fy = 4200 Kg./cm2.

 Predimencionamiento

Estimación del espesor:

6.00
e  24cm
25 e  24 cm.  d  21 cm.
e  3.5  6.00  21

Estimación de pasos y contrapasos

61cm  2c  p  64cm
43cm  c  p  45cm  c  17cm, p  30cm
45cm  c * p  48cm

Cp e
h  Cos α = 0.87
2 cos 

17 24
h   36.09  h = 36.09cm.
2 0.87

Metrado de cargas:
Peso propio = 0.3609 x 2.4 x 1.00 = 0.87 t/m

Piso terminado = 0.10 x 1.00 = 0.10 t/m WD =0.97 t/m.

Sobrecarga = 0.40 x 1.00 = 0.40 t/m. WL = 0.40 t/m.

Wu = 1.4 x 0.97 + 1.7 x 0.40  Wu = 2.04 t/m.

Descanzo:

Peso propio = 0.24 x 2.4 x 1.00 = 0.58 t/m

Piso terminado = 0.10 x 1.00 = 0.10 t/m WD = 0.68 t/m.

Sobrecarga = 0.40 x 1.00 = 0.40 t/m. WL = 0.40 t/m.

Wu = 1.4 x 0.68 + 1.7 x 0.40  Wu = 1.63 t/m.

5.875 2
M 2 0 R1  5.875  1.63 
2
 0.41* 3.65 * 4.05  0  R1  5.82Tn

5.8752
M 1 0 R2  5.875  1.63 
2
 0.41* 3.65 *1.825  0  R2  5.25 Tn

Wux 2 2.04 x 2 M
Mu max  R2 x   5.82 x   0
2 2 x

5.875 – 2.04 x = 0  x = 2.85 m.< 3.65 m. ........... OK

2.04  2.85 2 Mu
Mu max  5.82  2.85   8.30 t  m    9.22 t  m.
2 
Mn ρmax = 54.35 x 100 x 212 = 23.97 t-m. > Mu/ф

Mn ρmin = 7.40 x 100 x 212 = 3.26 t-m. ˃ Mu/ф  necesitamos ASmin

Cálculo del refuerzo:

Mu /  7.47 105
As     , a  0.1120 As
fyd  a / 2 420021  a / 2

a = 1.21 As(+) = 10.76 a = 1.21

3 e  3  24  72 cm.
Espaciamiento S max    S max  45 cm.
45 cm

100 Ab 100  2.84

S  S  26.39 ;  Usar Ø 3/4” @ 25cm
As 10.76

As   10.76
As      5.38 cm 2  AsT 
2 2

AsT° = 0.0018 x 100 x 24 = 4.32 cm2.  As(-) = 5.38 cm2.

100  1.29
S1 / 2   23.97.  Usar Ø1/2” @ 25cm
5.38

Segundo tramo:

6.252
M2  0 R1  6.25  1.63 
2
 0.41* 2.70 * 2.55  0  R1  5.66Tn
 6.252
 M1  0 R2  6.25  1.63 
2
 0.41* 2.70 * 5.575  0  R2  6.08 Tn

Wux 2 2.04 x 2 0.41( x  2.225) 2 M

Mu max  R2 x   6.08 x    0
2 2 2 x

6.08– 2.04 x – 0.41(x-2.225) = 0  x = 2.854 m

2.04  2.854 2 0.41* (2.854  2.225) 2

Mu max  6.08 * 2.854    8.96t  m
2 2

Mu
  9.96 t  m.


Mn ρmax = 54.35 x 100 x 212 = 23.97 t-m. > Mu/ф

Mn ρmin = 7.40 x 100 x 212 = 3.26 t-m. ˃ Mu/ф  necesitamos ASmin

Cálculo del refuerzo:

Mu /  9.96  105
As     , a  0.1120 As
fyd  a / 2 420021  a / 2

a = 1.31 As(+) = 11.66 a = 1.31

3 e  3  24  72 cm.
Espaciamiento S max    S max  45 cm.
45 cm

100 Ab 100  2.84

S  S  24.36 ;  Usar Ø 3/4” @ 25cm
As 11.66

As   11.66
As      5.83 cm 2  AsT 
2 2

AsT° = 0.0018 x 100 x 24 = 4.32 cm2.  As(-) = 4.32 cm2.

100  1.29
S1 / 2   22.13  Usar Ø1/2” @ 20cm
5.83

Tercer tramo
 2.82 2
M2  0 R1  2.82  1.63 
2
 R1  2.30Tn

2.82 2
 M1  0 R2  2.82  1.63 
2
 R2  2.30 Tn

Wux 2 1.63 x 2 M
Mu max  R2 x   2.30 x   0
2 2 x

2.30 – 1.63x = 0  x = 1.41m.< 2.82 m. ........... OK

1.63 1.412 Mu
Mu max  2.30 1.41   1.62 t  m    1.80 t  m.
2 

Mn ρmax = 54.35 x 100 x 212 = 23.97 t-m. > Mu/ф

Mn ρmin = 7.40 x 100 x 212 = 3.26 t-m. ˃ Mu/ф  Si necesitamos ASmin

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑑 = 0.0018𝑥100𝑥24 = 4.32cm2

Cálculo del refuerzo:

  Mu /  1.80 105
As   , a  0.1120 As
fyd  a / 2 420021  a / 2

a = 0.23 As(+) = 2.05 a = 0.23

3 e  3  24  72 cm.
Espaciamiento S max    S max  45 cm.
45 cm

100 Ab 100  1.29

S  S  29.86 ;  Usar Ø 1/2” @ 30cm
As 4.32
 As   4.32
As      2.16 cm 2  AsT 
2 2

AsT° = 0.0018 x 100 x 24 = 4.32 cm2.  As(-) = 4.32 cm2.

100  1.29
S1 / 2   29.86.  Usar Ø1/2” @ 30cm
4.32

Graficos de la escalera