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    1900 Series Damper With Electrical and Pneumatic Actuator PDF

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    Pre Tshuks

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    DAMPER Square Rectangular Damper Variable Inlet Vane Damper High Temperature Damper in Diverter Damper Poppet Damper Stack Damper ‘i Fire Damper Guillotion Damper High Temperature Slide Gate YES. WE GARE Ceramic one Seat Selection Guideline . Sealing Efciency For Dampers Standerd Constucon Features of Buttery Damper. Standard Construction Features of ‘Square | Rectangular Dampe Variable niet Vane Damper... “Typical est Bench for Dampers Eficincy Check. : High Temperature Damper Diverter Damper. Poppet Dampers Stack Dampers Fre Damper Gulotine Dap nnn igh Temperature Side Gat... ed Tones Ce Ly Prec tut CT er 1900 SERIES Introduction For over 20 years, Sude has been the leader in designing and manutacturing ‘durable, high performance dampers for industial and other types of ventilation ‘applications. Sue's goal is to deliver products that mest and exceed industry standards. Experienced, professional engineers, and development, and the latest in ‘manufacturing technology are the key ingredients that assure superinty of Sude produets ‘With a history of developing original ideas, Sudo is known for its innovation and uso ‘of leading-edge technology. This includes using the latest materials to custom build ‘dampers and louvers to withstand the most stingent environments. ‘When it comes to industrial ventilation, contractors and engineering firms depend on Sue to provide the industy’s finest product. From light operations to heavy-duty applications, we build dampers that moet the most demanding situations. Every damper is built with performance in mind and is designed to meet the highest ‘specification. ‘Since most industrial systems cannot be shut down for normal periodic maintenance, ‘our produets are designad to support options such as exposed linkages and outboard baring packages. Those facile easy maintenance while the systom is operational Sude works with @ variety of materials, including galvanized steel, aluminum, ‘stainless seo! ete. n order to match aur customer's exact specifications. By molding ‘and forming these materials, we can develop dampers to ft almost any application ‘The company has the technology and experience to design and manufacture muli- blade airfol damper. A welded frame combined with thick axles and outboard bearings provide the damper with both structural integrty and performance. Perfect {or applications requiring low levels of leakage at high static pressures. Purpose of Damper ace Major Purpose High Temperature © Control Air & Gas Flow EST | Atrasive dusty ‘© Shut-Off Air & Gas Flow Low Cost Effect ‘© Changing Flow Direction Sub Purpose © Contro! Duct Pressure © Control Duct Temperature © Emergency Exhaust 02 nper Selection Guide Damper Actuator Selection Criteria ‘The Actuator assembly for Damper the most important point is the Torque and Positioning accuracy which plays the major role for smooth operation Torque ‘The torque that is required to operate a ‘damper depends upon the size, type, ‘quality & condition of tho damper. It is also ‘dopondent upon the diferential pressure & air flow Contrary to popular belief; the maximum required torque is not always at the closed position. Typically, the maximum torque requirement is found at about 30% ‘9pen position. Refer figure 12. 0 10 2 9 40 50 60 70 0 © DEGREES, DAMPER ROTATION seagsgagss PERCENT OF MAXIMUM TORQUE Figure 12 : Typical Torque Requirement. Linkage: “The actuator connected the damper va rkage, which has a couple tbl cns pcs & ther elaments hat have some play. The slack in the linkage can easily cause a 1 — 3% hysteresis, when the stress changes from a pulling force to @ pushing force. This effect requires the actuator to move about 1- 3% before the damper begins to move. The amount of hysteresis depends upon the condition of the linkage & how welll it has been adjusted. If the linkage is improperly adjusted & the joints are wom, the hysteresis can actually be larger than 5%. Damper Positioning Accuracy Actuator 12% 2%6-5% 1% 1% Linkage 13% 13% 13% None EIP Transducer 2% 2% None None Total 15-17% 56-10% 204% 1% ‘As it can be saen from the above table, direct coupled electronic actuators are more accurate than any other type of actuator. When selecting an actuator, the following criteria should be taken into careful consideration ‘Should the actuator be Manual, Electric or Pneumatic ? Manual : Locking quadrant actuators can be used if the dampers position is fixed (when used for balancing airflow) or needs to ‘change only oocasionally (such as summer/wintar changeover). o3 | 4900 sens | SUDE Electric : Easior interface with digital control devices. Electic actustors must have a voltage selected, Typical actuator voltages are 2évac, 110vac, 240 vac and 416 volts. Fall safe electric actuators are also called spring return, and the fall position (open ‘r closed) should be noted. For detail on the Electric actuator refer Sdtork, Pune and asked for detailed literature. The ‘spring retum Electrical actuator are available for low torque for higher values we suggest you to use reversible stay put type actuator. ACCESSORIES: + Position limit switchs [1 NO + 1 NC or 2NO+2NC] change over typo +Travel iit switches 1 NO + 1 NC] + Hand wheel + Local position indication OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES, CONTROL & PROTECTIONS: + Eda limit switches + 2NO+2NC contacts for travel limit switches + 2NO+2NC contacts for torque imi switches + 'H’ class insulation for motor + Side mounted hand wheels to reduce rim pul etfor, geared hand whee! is provided + Remote postion indicator Potentiometer, Curent poston transmitter, Non-contact ype position transmitter + Remote poston indicator Analog / Digital + Power supply + Push button station + Blinker switch + Integral starter + Control panel +Electronic positioner + Single phase protection + Special control/ protection features as per application demands can also be given for speciic requirements. Pneumatic : Pneumatic actuators are available in rotary construction in Double and spring retum in orvotf and modulating duty format. ‘Actuators will be inherently fal safe, but fail postion (open or closed) should be noted. Pneumatic actuators are supplied ‘with Electro pneumatic positioners which works on continuous pressurized air of 6Opsi and input signal of 4 to 20mA with a ‘feed back of 4 to 20mA. For details refer actuator catalogue. Accessories: + For Double Acting Actuator ~ 4 way 5 port single coll / Double coll solenoid valve in General purpose or Flame proof and explosion coils. + For Spring Retum Actuator — 3 way Single Coll. supe | s900senes | 04 ACCESSORY COMMON FOR DOUBLE ACTING/SPRING RETURN ACTUATOR: + Pressure Regulator + Limit Switches + Filter Regulator with Lubricator + Gear Box with hand wheel for manual operation + Valve Positioner for characteristic controlled application. + Ito P Converter, + Electro pneumatic positioners + Position Indicator + Position Transmitter + Cyclic Timer or Sequential Timer + away /4 way Key operated valves + Stimulator + Travel Stops + Closing Limiter + Silencers with flow control valve What type of control action will the damper perform? Balancing: Ifthe damper maintains a set position to balance airflow in a system, a manual locking quadrant isthe appropriate actuator, Two Position: ‘Opens the damper to allow allow and/or close the damper to prevent airfiow. Modulating Control: ‘The position of the damper is determined by a modulating control signal from a device or controller that monitors temperature, pressure, or some other condition system. Actuators must be compatible with the control signal generated by the controller to which they are expected to respond. Electric actualor modulating control signals may be: + 0-10 volts DC + 4=20miliamps OC +135 ohm Pneumatic actuators respond to varying control air pressures and are selected with appropriate spring ranges to position ‘dampers from open to closed (or closed to open) against 3 - 15 psi. Larger dampers and applications where precise ‘damper positioning is critical should have pneumatic actuators equipped with positive positioners (3-15 psi signal) for ‘added reliability. 05 | 4900 sens | SU Fail Safe: ‘Opens or closes the damper when power Is removed from the actuator. Also called “normally open’, or ‘normally closed”, this actuator may be either two-position or modulating, Mounting Position: Externally or internally mounted. Damper Performance Testing Criteria Pressure loss through an open damper (change in pressure) and leakage through a closed damper are two performance criteria required to appropriately select and apply a control damper in any system. Periodic Louver & Damper Inspection & Maintenance ‘All adjustable louvers and automatic dampers should be checked and serviced on a regular schedule. Inspection intervals, ‘depend on system usage and atmospheric conditions within the system. Basic Inspection + Ail louvers and dampers should be checked for freedom of movement. Shafts, bearings, pvet point, etc. should be cleaned and lubricated witha ight spray ol. + Blades should be checked in the closed position to insure ight closure. Adjustments should be made at inkage to correct any misalignment. ‘+ Motors (electric or pneumatic) should be visually checked through their complete cycle for defects, binding or misalignment. Operator anchorage and ftings should also be checked. '+ Blades should be checked for freedom of movement. Blades should be disconnected from their operators and manually checked. (Blades should move freely with no binding or twisting). + Pins, straps and bushings should be checked for woar, corrosion or rust. Replace or paint as required. + Check louver or damper biade edge and Jamb seals (where applicable) + Check all linkage, connecting bars and operator connections for proper alignment an fit. + Check overall installation to insure that louver or damper was installed in a perfectly plumb and square position and proper clearance was allowed for blade, linkage and operator movement. Note: Dampers with non-metallic or carbon sleeve beatings do not require lubrication, Most of the difficulties experienced on older damper installations may be traced to: Misalignment of frame, blades, shafts, or intarconnecting linkage. Faacking or cistortion of frames. Inefficient drive motor power or pilot postioning pneumatic relay incorrectly sot. Inadequate sealing. Inadequate cleaning and lubrication Excessive wear or grooving of inkage pivots. Longer daily running time, Lack of periodic inspection and maintenance. supe | s900senes | 06 Type of Dampers & its Leakage Class Un, Damper Feature Remarks: Normal Function on-of , Butety Conte Eccontc at Leakage Rata Max 2% Under Damper Leakage Pat oan Tandem, Toge Lower Normal Function on-o Single, Double canal Leakage Rate Max 3% Under Tandem No of Blade Multiple Paral! Opposed cullotine Normal Function on-oF oaeee Leakage Rate Max 1% Under Fortsoation No of Blade ‘Single pvener Normal Function on-off Daerer Teakage Rate Max 1% Under Fortsoation oof Bade Single Normal Function on - Off Control Stack Sinole Dive Leakage Rate Max 1% Under Damper Leakage Rat nia compost Drive Fp Normal Function on-off Cont Compact Damper Leakage Rate Max 2% Under Apply Seal Air No of Blade Single, Double Seat Selection Guideline ie Application type| Damper | seat | Enecr| Press | TEP’ ciean | Fun [Abrasive] waste [Corocie] Example ‘Air | Gas | Dusty | Dusty Gas ra | Cement Plant A| ‘Lower gas%| 2000 | so v | v¥| v |v Plant Butterfly | Air Supply System | Tower i 9a5%| 2000 | so) ¥ | v| v | v Gos Buterty Power Plant c| Ramey | fl |oa7%) 2000 | seo wv | v v | w | Pome Fn Buttery cl . Power Plant | ete 100%| 2,000 | 560) vw | v v |v | Nonester uterty De-Sox & De-Nox E | ‘Lower @ 99.8%) 2,000 | 560 v | v viv Incinerator Buterty DeSox& F | ‘Lower d 995%) 2000 | seo) wv | v viv aan uterty . De-Sox & De-Nox c| ‘ive ag '100%| 2,000 | 560 v viv Pant iL_|- De-Sox & De-Nox H | Diverter 100% 2,000 | 350 v v v 1 Plant . Power Plant 1 Diverter a 100% 2,000 | 560, v v v v (HRSG) 5 | SepSt| = |s05%| 2000 | oso viv Power tant Segen| J De-Sox & De-Nox « "Guillotine 100% 2,000 | 650 v v v v ‘Chemical Plant ute | ald leo! 2000] 10) v |v] v Pero Chemical my | Buttery ol gas%) 2000 | so) v | vw] v v | Power Plant Bel Raid Cancion o7 | 4900 seRES | ‘Sude designed various types of Sealing Arrangement to Achieve 97% to 99.8% Sealing Efficiency ‘Stutting box with Bolted Gland & Gland Packing Stuting box with Pre Tension Spring and Gland Packing | Coxplor to Sit Actistor Snare 1 oarng osm Howse : rose ple ! ‘Aaja Bat | : Ty a Fro Tersion Sra , rap +t ‘Stufing Box Gland Packing __-} | [eet 1 | sng came — / suteg Boe ' ‘snat mt : / 1 i i > NS Poe es Type B Type C Type F ‘Stopper rap casa costa ‘harance bebe = Chane tne Rapa Cash Fiepa Cana 25m) Type M ‘CERAMIC FIBRE | y ‘VEONPOSTEDI. OF MESH 104 2.08. OF NOVOUN SS STRING o2m {avr oF 88. MESH 200g exo nToHes SAPLEDAT SUPPLERS WORKS. ‘uTERSs cuncevnrs {WT O SVE GAUGE aR SOM: rng supe | s900sees | 08 Standard Construction Features IU tCciab rl Sizes: ‘Any sizes can be made since they are fabricated. Frame} Mild stool body confirms to 182062, and Boiler grade ‘steel confims to 1$2002 with continous welded flanges and altematively Stainless steel, aluminum or any other ‘weld able material, Structural channel is available for larger size dampers. Vanes: Single thick plate offset and formed at shaft for extra strength, reinforcing ribs are provided as required for intended service. The vane is welded to @ continuous thru shaft altematively Stainless, corrosion and abrasion resistant materials. Shafts: Shaft ends are marked to indicate vane position and itis ‘made up of stainless steel continuous or stub shafts. Bearings: Bal/Bush bearings mounted outboard on stand-ofs, over ‘adjustable packing glands. Glands: ‘Adjustable plate & follower design with fiberglass rope packing and altemativaly Ceramic rope packing or any other commercially available packing material Seals: No inlemal vane seals provided. Swing clearance between vanes and frame for approximately 98% shut-off when tly closed. Paint: Damper is hand cloaned and painted one shop coat of ‘our standard industrial primer, or we also do the painting as per customer's specification. Operator: Extended operator shat is provided for operating it with Pneumatic or Electrical actuators based on customer's requirements. Wide range of manual, electric, and pneumatic operators with options for modulating, tail safe, switches, ete avaiable and they are assembled based on customers specification. Link Assembly Damper can be supply with various types of Coupling Arran- {gement as per application requirement as indicated bellow, ‘Coupling Arrangement for Actuator Mounting Direct Mounting Arrangement % % Through D Type Shatt ch cA, le \ \ novo, SE owe Through Link Multiplier og | 4900 sens | SU ‘Shaft Seal (Packing Gland) Figure 3 a : Different Parts of Round Butterfly Damper Figure 3b : Pneumatic actuated (our 3c: Thee pase acti actuated Butterfly ‘Damper-low leakage construction lutterfly Damper-low leakage construction | 1900 senes | 10 Standard Construction Sizes: ‘Any sizes can be made since they are fabricated. Frame: Mid ste! body confims to 152062, and Boller grade sto! confirms to 182002 with continuous welded flanges and altematively Stainless steel, aluminum or any other weld able material. Stuctural channel is available for larger size dampers. Structural channel, angle or special dimensions formed channel in any weld able mater We can provide any dimensions fer your special retroft application. Vanes : Mid stool or any other material based on customers requirements, double thick airfoil vanes, welded to through shaft, and single thick plate offset and formed at shaft for extra strength, reinforcing ribs are provided as required for intended service. The vane is welded to a continuous thru shaft alternatively Stainless, corrosion ‘and abrasion resistant materials, Shafts ‘Shaft ends are marked to indicate vane position and It is ‘made up of stainless steel continuous or stub shafts. Bearings : ‘BalBush besrings mounted outboard on stand-ofls, over adjustable packing glands. For high temperature application the earbon sleeve bearings are used in such conkton the stainless stool shafts re recommended Linkage : Heavy duty, non-adjustable, bar linkage mounted outboard with a bronze bushing and shoulder bolt connection at each Pivot point for Parallel or opposed biade action. Adjustable linkage with threaded rod and pipe linkage bars and rod end bearings. Parallel blade operation is preferred when the damper ‘makes up a significant portion of the total system pressure loss Parallel blades are used when Greater control is required near the top end of the volume ‘operating range or for systems requiring two position (ully open or fully closed) operation. Parallel blades should not be used upstream of critical components due to uneven airflow. Refer Figure 4a ‘Opposed blade operation offers fa tho best control over the entra ‘operating range when the damper doesn't make up a significant portion ofthe total system pressure loss, Opposed blades are used for applications where itis necessary to maintain even cstbution of air downstream from the damper. Opposed blades are the bost selection for ducted outlets. An ‘opposed: blade operation must be ‘pen further to obtain the same resistance to sirlow as a patalat } 4 blade damper. Refer Figure 4, Sate ee Fa ay Flow Fa a ano FS Figure 4 : Flow characteristics curve of Straight & Opposite Blades. 11 | 1900 seRES | Heavy duty industrial grade louver dampers are available with parallel or opposed action linkage for isolation andlor control ‘of process air and gas. Refer figure 4. Mounting Holes Flange: Crank Leaver for Motor Operation Airfol Blade: Blade Edge Seal Stainless Stee! Linkage Pins Extended Shaft (Axle) Jamb Seal Sie Linkage Linkage Double Clovis Crank Arm Figure 4 d : General Arrangment of Square / Rectangular Damper - Paralle! Blade Blade Blade Seal Frame Figure 4 e : General layout assembly of Square/Rectangular Damper - Opposite Blade supe | s900senes | 12 Seals: No internal vane seals provided. Swing clearance between vanes and frame for approximately 98% shut when fuly closee Paint: Damper is hand cleaned and painted one shop coat of our standard indus primer, or we also do the painting as per customers speciation. Operator: Extended operator shaft is provided for operating it with Pneumatic or Electrical actuator based on customer's requirements. Wide range of Manual Electric & pneumatic operators with options for modulating, falisafe, switches, ote avallable and they are assembled based on customers specification. Figure 4g : Three phase Electric ‘actuated Rectangular damper Figure 4h: Single phase Electric ‘actuated Rectangular Damper. ‘As a special case we also offer Castable refractory linings, heat shields, position indicating switches, slave linkages. 13 | 1900 stnes | SUDE Instruction For Installation / Maintenance of Round Damper: Dampers can be mounted on the g Inlet or on the Discharge. It ‘mounted on the inlet there must be sufficient space between the damper and the fan to ensure a ‘constant flow towards the impellor. In case a damper is directly mounted on the inlet it can only be Used as startup damper. It the aR ° ‘element is directly connected at the discharge the position of the rotation axis has to be observed refer figure 4 i rotating minimum axis (6 to 10)xD Figure 41: Installation of Round Damper Miscellaneous Options: Init screens, mating flanges, special duc sections. (tes, transtons, weather hoods ot) + Cast able eactory linings were Sude epecialzation plays a major role for proper treatments, heat shields, postion indicating switches, slave linkages eto. oF in short we can offer the compete system integration to customer's ‘pectcation. Application ‘Air control dampers are designed for use in all HVAC/Industrial application where accurate flow control is required. Their Unique drive mechanism ensures long life maintenance free operation in constantly modulating installations, They are also suitable for industrial application where gas and dusty ar has to control. Instruction For Installation / Maintenance of Square / Rectangular Damper Rectangular dampers can be directly arranged at the discharge or at any other place within the plant. If drectly mounted on discharge the position ofthe rotation axis has to be observed. Refer igure 4 tl “ Figure 4 j: Installation of Rectangular Damper. sue | s900senes | 14 ‘There are two versions for the arrangement directly at inlet: For a width of up to 2,000 mm the rectangular damper is arranged in longitudinal direction of the suction box. If width Is > 2,000 mm the damper will be arranged laterally to the suction box. Blade adjustment is available in parallel or reverse direction. Refer figure 4 k. rotating axis Figure 4k: Installation of Rectangular Damper. Characteristic Range of Round & Rectangular Damper. Reduction of flow by a Buttrly damper or Rectangular damper is the easiest method; however it also involves the highest losses. The resulting pressure losses correspond to the angle size of the damper vanes. The more the damper closes the greater the pressure loss fs thus generating an additonal resistance and an alteration ofthe plant's performance curve. ‘The fan's power requirement curve isnot affected. Refer figure 4. T T | 7 characteristic curva, g Soe, 3 BP gp, g S or, 3 i a: ¢ p ‘annem 8 z r+ 3 & tly { } | Tee. Umax ‘volume flow ¥ ——* APD = pressure loss of DA AV = change of volume flow power requirement —- ho Me yw ‘volume flow —— DO = damper = DA BP = operating point Figure 4 1: Relation between Fiow, Static pressure & Break horse power generated by Blower 15 | 1900 SEES | SUDE Variable Inlet Vane Damper Variable Inlet Vane (VIV) dampers also called guide vane too are often used for capacity modulation. They give accurate modulation and power savings over other styles of dampers at reduced airflow. Reter figures 5a, Sb Figure 5b: Three Phase Electric Actuated Single Phase Electric Actuated Guide Vane Damper Guide Vane Damper For every inlet vane positon there is diferent capacty vis static pressure curve end capacty ws breke horsepower cue generated by he blower. ‘When an inlet vane is partially closed, each blade directs the air into the Impeller in the direction of rotation. This brings. ‘about a reduction in the capacity, static pressure and BHP. The amount of BHP savings at reduced capacity is determined by the type of system and type of blower-vane combination. SUDE | 1900SEES | 16 Key Attributes + Inlet guide vanes are synchronously adjustable in the same angular position by @ connecting element. ‘+ Adjustment can be made either automatically via an adjusting element by pneumatic / electrical or hand. Variable Inlet Vane (VIV) dampers are often used for capacity modulation. They glve accurate modulation and power savings over other styles of dampers at reduced alr flow. For every inl vane position there is different capacly vis stalic pressure curve and capacity vis brake horsepower curve generated by the blower. Characters Range of VIV Damper Compared to the Butterfly damper and Rectangular damper the init guide vane provides much better control. Dependent on the position of the blades the inlet guide vane generates a pre- hid which changes the fan's performance curve, The power requirement curve of the fan also changes accordingly to the change of the angle. ho direction ofthe pre-whinl must always bo the ‘same as the direction of tho fan's rotation (Refer Figure 5 o) Stall At Guiding Blade of he Inlet Guide Vane Excossive reduction of flow by an inet guide vane wil result ina crtical stall at the guiding blades but only under certain conditions. These are unfavorable Now consitions and a small range of angle when the guiding vanes strongly to almost closed Such critical stalls are avoided by an optimal design of the aerodynamic inflow and by not ‘setting the vanes to the special ertical angle. That is to say, chose an optimal fan size (\e. the performance curves of the system and of the fan ‘meet in calculated operating point) and @ control range in the top 2/3 of the inlet guide vane position. Setting the inlet guide vane to >60" ‘should be avoided by all means. 120 110] 100 ptimal rar 20} 80| total pressure increase Apt2. # 75 100 125 150% 5 a range 25° «50 75 100 125 volume flow ¥ —+ 150 % Figure 5 ¢: Relation between Flow, Static Pressure & ‘Break horse power generated by Blower 4900 SEES | Application Used in combination with blowers for capacity modulation. Features: + High effcioncy when dampered + Minimizes rotating stall. + Noneed to extend bearing centers. + Tapered boxes are possible. + Mechanism in airstream. + Requires cone-shaped inlet piece design. + Sizes available in excess of 2000 mm in diameter and the higher sizes can be made on request. + Flange mount frame to allow bong to fan. + Open, capped or built nose hub to norease performance. + Standard 3mm steel channel frame (heavier construction options available), + Standard design operation to 120°C (higher temperatures attainable through variations in design). + Material : Material construction will remain same as explained under Butterfly and Rectangular dampers. + Bearings : All details are same as explained under Butterfly and Rectangular dampers + Operator : Fiberglass manual locking hand and also automated through Electrical and pneumatic actuator. + Extended Shatt + Flat Capped Hub NOTE Inletairrotation, clockwise of counter clockuise, is determined from airinlet side of fan. Instruction For Installation / Maintenance of VIV Damper Inlet guide vanes always have to be arranged at the inlet. To reduce losses we recommend the installation of a quarded inlet nozzle. Further, the direction of the pre-whid (viewed towards the inlet guide vane) must always point towards the rotation direction ofthe fan. Refer figures. = H Figure 5 d : installation of VIV Damper. supe | s900senes | 18 cometvanarr tar Figure 6 : Test Bench for Dampers efficiency check ‘Test Bench For Damper Duty ‘To Check Sealing Etficioncy of Damper Air Throttle Device Slide Gate at Blower Outlet (To Control / Regulate the Required Air Quantity ) Pressure Gauge ‘Manometer OR Dial type Differential Pressure Gauge (To Chook Pressure Across the Test Dampor } Testing Procedure Result Mount The Test Damper in the Test Bench Ensure The Test Damper in Open Position Engure The Siide Gate Damper at Slower Outlet in Open Position ‘Start The Air Supply Blower Regulate the Ar withthe help of Side Gate Damper at Slower Outlet to required Air Quantty & Face Velocity Measure the Air Quantily & Velocity with the help of Velometer ‘Actuate the Test Damper to Tight Shut Of Measure the Air Quantiy & Velocity at Test Damper Outlot Side Duct Check the ference of Air Quantity at Test Damper Open Position and Close Position Close the Outiet Side Duct wth the help of Dead Flange Moasure the Pressure at Test Damper init side Duct Measure the Pressure at Test Damper outlet side Duct, Check the dference of Pressure at Test Damper Init side Duct and Outlet side Duct ‘By calculating the Ditference between Air Quantity / Pressure Velocity we can conclude the Eticiency of Test Damper. 19 | 4900 sees | su High Temperature Damper Complete Control Solutions Sude Enginooring is known in tho industry for wide varity of costetecive solutions for dampers, actuators and damper retofting. Our commercial and industrial actuation, dampers can be part of your complete solution. Be sure to ask us for project pricing to fil all your needs. Features include: + Ability to withstand 0.1 bar stetic pressure wit blades closed at fan shutoft + Operate in temperatures up to 300°C and with ining up to 1000°C. (Refer Figure 7, further high temperature refer Sude) + Fan discharge and fan isolation, + Electric or pneumatic actuation. + Elevated temperature construction. Electrical Actuator Hand Whee! Flap wih Stier ‘Stub Pipe oat Lining Flap Link Assy Casing ‘Stuffing Box Bracket for Bowring Bearing Figure 7: Single Flap High temperature Butterly Damper with ‘Three Phase Electric /Pheumatle Actuator. ‘Sude dampers incorporate leading edge materials, design features ‘and performance. A complete range of drive systems and sealing options are available. ‘Sude Engineering ofers a full line of rugged, reliable dampers to provide critical, man-safe isolation and or control of airflow in uti, refinery and industial process applications. Designed to permit inspection and maintenance during plant operation, these custom engineered and manufactured ‘dampers eliminate costly down time and lost praduction. ‘Sude round dampers are designed for contol of airflow in round ductwork. They have all flberglass reinforced ‘construction for greater resistance to corrosive environments i application demands, supe | t900seREs | 20 Diverter Damper Dampers shall be butterfly type consisting of circular blade, mounted to axle within formed flanged frame. Frames shall bbe constructed of 304 Stainless Stee! or any other material specification channel and shall have ful circumstance blade stop located in air stream. Damper shaft shall be continuous, solid-cold rolled Stainless Steel extending through the certire diameter of damper and beyond damper bearing a minimum of six inches or higher depending on the application. ‘Axle shall be supported and sealed, relubricable ball bearings mounted to damper frame. Press fit bearings are not advisable, Damper frame and blade shall be fabricated from Stainless Steel or any other material as per customer's specification. Damper leakage shall not exceed 1.4% of the maximum airflow. Heavy duty industrial grade buttertly dampers are custom designed for use in high temperature and pressure applications ‘where special flanges and other custom features are required. Designs and material options are avallable for higher temperatures and pressure, ‘We can build our butterfly dampers integrally into a ‘T’ or “Y’ duct section with an operator mounted to one damper and a slave linkage to the other damper. The linkage can be arranged so that as one damper opens, the other damper will close, these are widely used for process air or gas dlversion applications. The complete pre-assembled and adjusted unit is shipped othe job site fr easy instalation, saving time and cost Type oo ae Diverter cea Howsng Seaing Piste ap Farge Inspection Window Hen Winet letra Actuator unin Bracke fr lectcal Actutor 8 | Barna 10 | Brecket or Bearing +1 | Suting Box 12 | sutPpe 13 | sui shat Figure 8 a For smooth flow Diverter Damper can be lined with ultra high molecular, high density polyethylene/Cast Nylon, 21 | 4900SERES | SUDE Type Double Fata jiverter Cee oe Figure 8-b + | Housing 5 | ElecticalActustor || 9 | Actustor Mountng Stand |) 13 | LinAssly 2 | Flange 6 | Stopper Bar 40 | Hand Whee! 14 | Mounting Skid 3. | Flap 7 | Bush 11 | Stub End Shaft 18. | Sting Box 4 | Flap Seal 8 | Bush Housing 12 | Spring 22 Poppet Dampers are ideal for applications that require quick oycling time and tight shutoff, poppet dampers provide isolation capabilities for bag house applications and incineration systems. Poppet dampers are used for mult-directional airflow control. They are engineered to control the reverse gas flow, outlet flow, and bypass flow of gases, in tun enhancing fitration, eliminating gas starving and reducing bag wear. (Refer figure 9 @ & 9b.) Poppet Dampers provide economical shut-off capablity for bag house applications, Etfox utlizes a standard design in the manufacture of this product, or the units can be custom manufactured to the client's specifications. Poppet Dampers provide low cost shut-off in bag-house type collection systems. Lowleak or zero-leak configurations. Figure 9 b : Poppet damper with Pneumatic Cylinder 23 | 4900 sens | NU Poppet Damper With Gas Flow Turning Means Rectangular poppet damper or valve has particular utlity as an Isolation damper in fabric fter dust collector and includes Integral gas flow turning means which are positioned so as to minimize pressure drop. The poppet plate is pivoted at one tend to the floor ofan inlet manifold and has a pair of gas straightening vanes attached to its underside, One of the vanes is ‘near the pivoted end and the other is generally parallel to the poppet plate and has lead-in and exit portions which gontly tum the gas about 90°. Where the gases are to be directed to a plurality of collectors, a damper is preferably provided for each, with the angles of the various poppet plates being individually adjustable so as to divide the flow in any proportion dosirod, Rotor figure 9c. (OPEN pee sennorno mse renewene ‘To PAENu gore Pi ——_ \ pxenum oorren rusts Figure 9 ¢ : Block Diagram of Poppet damper Ventilated Poppet Damper ‘Aventlated poppet dampor assombly or use in a gas conveying conduit to selectively alow and prevent the flow of gas through the conduit has a movable pair of spaced apart damper plates which define a transverse chamber when inthe closed position. The transverse chamber is verted to insure that there is no leakage of conveyed gas past the closed damper plates. Description: Sude manufactures @ compete line of poppet dampers. The poppet is used on iniets, outlots and bypasses of certain bag house designs. Sude can provide our poppet dampers in sections or completely assembled. Some bag house manufacturers do not require the complete poppet assembly. Sude can supply the poppet discs, seat and air cylinders for mounting into the manufacturers duct work. + Sude poppet have several design features that meke them superior to the design of many of their competitors. They provide a seat ring with either a Blanchard ground or a machined sealing surface. Their poppet disc has the ability to ‘accept misalignments before final seating. These features provide for a better sealing poppet. + Sue's standard shafts are mace of 316 stainless stee! for providing corrosion resistance, + Sude also manufactures a couple poppet designe, which can be used for bypass applications. The poppet consists of ‘wo discs fixed tothe same shatt. A purge or a vacuum can be supplied to ensure a zero leak condition supe | s900senes | 24 ‘Stack Dampers are used for weather protection of the stack but also have added benefit of heat retention within the boiler. {Al large units incorporate ‘pressure relief facilities to avoid dead ending the systems. Damper Configuration Single Louver, Twin Louver, Tn Flap Duct Size 1.0m’ to in excess of 60.0m* ‘Temp. Range 30°C up to +500°C, higher temp on request Seal Dosign Soa lodge, Sing foibo element, Twin fee element (Un-pressurized & 100%) 7 k& Materials: Mild steel, 1S2062, 1S2002, or any other I (ther material based onthe requtemens. a Bearing Type Non voreated ball bearing Shaft Design Complete span Gland Assembly Adjustable packed, Sting box ype Operation pen ~ Close, Etc, Proumat, Hygrauie Adtions Limit swiches,Elctial wing, Pressure let Pairing {Al spectentions 25 Stack dampers are used in conjunction with Heat recovery steam generation units and the primary function is to contain the temperature within the exhaust stack. Our design allows for pressure relief and has blades, which can be counter ‘weighted for ease of motion. Flange bearings with three-ring packing gland assembly are a standard and design for ease of service. Factors for thermal ‘expansion are accounted for in blade design. Insulated blades and rain gutter are some of the options to consider. Stack Isolation Dampers ‘STACK ISOLATION DAMPERS are used to protect the exhaust system from the elements and reduce the stack effect when the system is of line. The design can be equipped with adjustable counter balances for pressure relief applications. ‘The Stack Isolation Dampers can be provided in manageable size pieces to be installed in existing stacks. Electric, pneumatic, hydraulic or manual actuation is available. Stack Damper Control Arrangement AA stack damper control arrangement for us® in @ heating system including @ fumace having a fuel-fred bumer apparatus land @ vent stack for conducting combustion products away from the bumer apparatus and a damper plate pivotally ‘mounted within the stack and movable between a fully open and @ fully closed positon, includes a reversible drive motor Which Is energized In response to a request for heat to dive the damper plate to the open positon, a first limit switch ‘operated when the damper plate reaches the open position to effect the de-energisation of the motor, the motor being re-energized at the end of the heating cycle to drive the damper plate to the closed postion, and a second limit switch ‘operated when the dampar plate reaches the closed position to etfect the de-energisation of the motor. The damper control arrangement is descrited with reference to a heating system including a gas fired bumer and redundant gas valves Wherein operation ofa first one of the gas valves is effected through operation of the first limit switch and thus is conditional ‘upon the damper being fully open, and wherein the supply of fuel to the second valve is conditional upon the operation of the fist valve. Stack Weather Protection Dampers ‘To minimize heat loss from the boiler and to prevent the ingress of rain water, Damper Technology have a range of stack isolating dampers which are designed for use with stacks from 300mm diameter to in excess of 7mt diameter. ‘The stack isolating damper can be of the buttery, twin louver, multilouver or twin flap design and can incorporate an automatic pressure relieving system to prevent over pressurization and damage to the turbine. 1900 SERS 26 Lo icsm eli) tig Fire Dampers are used to prevent transmission of flame where air ducts penetrate fire barriers. A fire barrier is a fire- resistant-rated vertical or horizontal assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire in which openings are protected. They can also be employed in air transfer openings in walls and partons. Building codes specify where fire dampers are required. Fire dampers are available in two types, static fre dampers and dynamic fire dampers. Fire Dampers for Lise in Static Systems, as thelr name implies, are used in duct systems or penetrations where there is no or negligible aitiow when the damper closes. Fire Dampers for Use in Dynamic Systems are required at locations in which fan pressure willbe on during a fire incident, and are expected to be able to operate (close) against the air velocity and pressure produced by the systom fan. Refer figures 10, 10b, 106. Fire Damper Product Range sb Figure 10 a : Fire Damper with quartz bulb _—Figure 10: Fire Damper with Glass wool ae Figure 10 ¢ : Pneumatic Operated Fire Damper ‘Both fire dampers for use in dynamic and static systems carry an hourly fire resistance rating, usually 1-1/2 or 3 hours. Fire dampers for use in dynamic systems are also provided with an aifflow rating which indicates the maximum velocity and static pressure thatthe dampers designed fo. ‘This type is used to protect a duct space or area against fe escape. There are two principal types, ether the curtain type, which will snap shut upon receiving 2 signal (then requiring manually resetting), or the motorized type thal can be opened or shut by use of an actuator. They normally have @ minimum 4 hour fre rating. 27 | 4900 sénES | Resistance to Airflow ‘The fire damper has a negligible resistance to airflow, as they open fully in the alr stream. We can provide actual figures ‘upon request, based upon air velocity. The gravity tlap damper has an increased resistance to its mode of operating and, again, we can provide details ofthis upon request. Application: Fite Dampers are provided on air gas ducts to control flow under normal circumstances and to isolate areas connected by duct from the fire affected area. Construction: Dampers are manufactured with single flap / multrlouvers, The louvers are connected through suitable linkage to a controling actuating device, such as electrical actuator / pneumatic spring retum actuator / fusible link and more Popular through solenold. Lowver / flap shalt are provided with bearings having greasing facility to enable smooth rotation. Louvers /faps are made of mild steel. The louvers / flaps are designed in the form of a box and are sandwiched with high ‘grade insulating material ike glass wool which can withstand 880°C for period of 90 minutes, thereby acting as effective ‘barrier in closed postion tothe lame path between air duct and fire effected area. The shape of the louver / flap is somewhat complex in nature for multifold purposes:- '2) The complex shape reduces the leakage factor considerably. ) Fire exposed surfaces are backed-up by insulating material. c) Due to special insulating material, the strength of the louver / flap is retained at high temperature, thereby reducing the possi of leakages. d) The shape provided, enables thermal expansion of the louver / flap without affecting sealing areas. Positive Sealing Linkage: Linkage provided with spring return device for positve shut-off pressure on each louver /flap, enabling reduction in leakage factor. Sealing System: Z sections are provided at mating surtaces are designed to create a heavy pressure drip during leakage, because the alr / {928 has to take two sharp right angle turns. This gives a low leakage factor during damper operation. Sealing Efficiency: “The sealing ettciency of damper is 98% approximately on cross sectional area. Closing Reliability: Fre Dampers ere designed to close automaticaly immediately (depend on mode of actuation, but in any case, not ‘excooding 60 seconds or fre effected area temperature reaches 141°C) on receive of Sensor’ Signal a re occurrence Fite Dampers are used to prevent transmission of flame where air ducts penettate fire barriers. A fre barter is a fre- resistantrated vertical or horizontal assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fre in which openings are protected. They can also be employed in air transfer openings in walls and partitions. Building codes speciy whore fro dampers aro required Note: Fite damper provided with Solenoid, damper will be closed from normal open condition automatically, either on recelving, fire signals from sensor/detector, in case of fre or in case of power failure. On restoration of power supply, the damper will ‘automatically be opened. + For periodical testing, dampor can be remotely controlled / operated for oper” close, without manual latching at sito in such case they are supplied with spring _retum Pnoumatic or Electric actuator. supe | s900senes | 28 Feature Guillotine dampers are typically specified for heavy-duly and, gas tight shut-off of duct. Their design permits them to be Installed Into a short length of ductwork. Prassure drop is low the wide-open damper. Guillotine blades are also better able to withstand furnace putts and mild over pressure conditions than some other damper design. Guillotine performance needs can vary from a simple chain fall blanking plate design to fully automated 100% gasctight perfect auilotine Blade Design The damper blade is reinforced to minimize deflection and stress. Guillotine blades are protected from weather and to Prevent gas from leaking into the atmosphere. We design and supply simple blades, structural blades, thermally compensating blades, and profiled blades. We will provide maximal resistance to heat stresses, corrosion, metal fatique and distortion. When an application of heat retention is necessary, blades can be insulated. For high pressure or high ‘temperature requirements, inspection port and viow port for high dust loading applications as well as insulated blades for applications where heat retention or protections from thermal distortion are necessary Sealing System ‘Tho damper blados are designed with motal-motal or clastic soat systoms. Flainess and strict manufacturing ensure ‘optimal sealing inthe installation. Gullatine can be supplied with a simple tadpole seal for 8% over sealing efficiency on the cross section. For applications needing 100% sealing efficiency, we applied seal air fans, fully enclosed bonnets and pressurized seals. Drive System Our guillotine damper is a proven and robust rack & pinion design, compared to older designs such as chains. The rack & pinion design is competitive in terms of cost, but far superior in terms of reliability. The design of driving guilotines is depencing on the application. The entire actuator system of a guilotine damper shall be externally mounted and can be inspected and maintained while the main plant is running. We applied wide range of drive option from simple mounted pnoumatic actuation to heavy-duty electric and hydraulic actuation with safoty factor. Normally this safety factors are applied S times the calculated dead load plus 2 times live load force. Dual Blade Guillotine FEATURES: ual Blade (Structural Blade) Isolation Guitotine Damper Electric Actuator (Explosion Prof) wih 48:1 Gearbox unig Installed Hot acd mixing gas solution combined wth lower Heavy Duty Rak & Pinion dive unt with leakese stung box Operating time sho be 62 soe. maximum (Full Opan-Close) Able to 100% isolation wih seal ar solution (enclosure box ype) 20 | 4900 sens | Guillotine Dampers provide man-sale isolation of ductwork and equipment. Low-Jeak structural seal design and zero-leak bellow seal design ~ rectangular or round geometry. Sealing Arrangement to achieve 99.9 % - 100 % Sealing Efficiency Flap Sliding Direction _ Stuffing box with Bolted Gland & Gland Packing Location Flap Slicing Opening ‘Stuffing Box Housing Welded to Housing Gland Bolted Type for Packing Pressure Packing Material 25 Sq, ABS or Glass Fiber Duty To avoid Leakage from Openings Flap Opening Direction Location Stuffing box Sealing Chamber Seal 0.5 Thick. 88316 Specially Design Tung type. rote - Two rows of Seals willbe provided ‘Seal Support ‘To hold tho Tung type Seal in required postion Seal supports provided. Damper Flap Sealing Seal 0.5 Thick. $8316 Specially Design Tung type. ‘Along the Length ‘Seal Support “To hold the Tung type Seal in required position Seal supports provided. Location ‘Welded to Housing Along the Length on opposite direction Flap Edge 4100 mm. iside in Tung type Seal ‘Along the Width Seal 0.5 Thick. 88316 Specially Design Tung type. ‘Soal Support ‘To hold the Tung type Seal in required position Seal supports provided. Location Welded to Housing Along the Length on opposite direction Flep Edge 4100 mm. inside in Tung type Seal Result ‘By providing the Specially Designed Tung type Seal tothe Flap width & Length along with Stuffing box assembly at Fiap Opening Direction we can achieve 99.9% to 100 % Sealing Efficiency. Figure 11 a : Test Bench for Guillotine Damper Efficiency Check. | supe | 1900 senes | 30 High Temperature Slide Gate ‘auto Dedluiching Facility ‘Actuator Mounting Bracket owumatialy Operated Vv somuorat tor - WATER INLET WATER OUTLET Stufing Box = NL X- Sealing Details Y - Stuffing Box Details Z- Top View of Stuffing Box supe | s900stRES | 32 Comparison Features and General Cor Comparison Features And General Comments Of Different Dampers Along with It's Functioning: Dampers regulate the volume flow of radial fans to adapt tho fans to the diferent operating conditions of a plant. ‘The alteration of flow with the help cf dampers is an inexpensive but rather energy-consuming method of contro. Inlet {guide vanes prove to be much more reasonable. The shape ofthe adjustable guiding vanes reduces the impact loss, which results from guiding the airflow on entering the impeller. In the direction of flow, dampers are not entirely airtight when closed. The corresponding rate of leak depends on the number of blades, the gap area and the pressure applied. The leak rate can be reduced by overlapping the guiding vanes. Inlet guide vanes with a nominal diameter of less than 800 mm have no central support and therefore are open in the middie, ‘All dampers are constructed according to the operating conditians known to us, In general, the shafts of the vanes run in sleeve bearings. These bearings otter a wide range of application: their advantages are low friction coetficient, high cherical stabilty and an extensive range of operable temperature. ‘Thanks to an aerodynamic design of the central support, the guicing blade of inlet guide vanes trom nominal diameter size '900 mm onwards is supported in two places. The consequent relief of the main bearing leads to an extended service life of the bearing in goneral and reduces the actuating power. Maintenance-free ball-and-socket joints and angle joints sorve for ower transmission on the Individual shafts free from float. Misalignments which might occur due to tolerances in construction and varying thermal expansions are thus compensated and a continuous smooth running is guaranteed. ‘A supporting structure is offered for inlet guide vanes from nominal diameter 800 mm onwards which is meant to reduce stress on the inlet. The problem of different vibration behavior of inet guide vane and fan is solved by mounting the support fn the fan housing. If the power transmission from actuator to inlot guide vane should be executed by an actuating leverage a supporting structure will be necessary. Dampers shall have elther a galvanized stee! casing of all welded corner construction and having peripheral flanges pre- Punched with elongated comer hole fixing to sult proprietary duct flanges or with spigotted adaptor plates to suit square, rectangular, circular or fat oval connections. Manually operated dampers shall have quadrant control with visual blade position indication. Damper suitable for systems requiring air control and very low closed blade leakage characteristics, suitable for high prossure and high velocity applications. ‘The outer flanges are normally supplied un-drlled unless othenvise requested and, where the louvers or dampers are sulted externally, weather covers can be fitted aver the spindle ends and motors for protection against prevailing weather conditions, Parallel versus Opposed Blade Operation Control dampers are offered with either parallel or opposed blades. Each style has distinguishing characteristics in regards to control ofthe fan's performance plus a change in ar velocity profile. In applications where dampers are required to be installed in round or oval ductwork, they must be supplied with the ‘appropriate transition option. Rectangular dampers are constructed 2 in. larger than the duct dimensions and provided with a factory sleeve. The sleeve is transitioned at each end to the appropriate round, oval or rectangular duct size. Round damper frames are rolled from a single thickness of galvanized steel and reinforced as required for strength. 33 | 4900 sees | ‘Manual balancing dampers are designed for use in balancing an HVAC duct system to achieve desired airflow at all locations. These dampers are then locked in position. Manual balancing dampers are designed only for control of airflow, ‘not for tight shut-off. Rectangular frames are designed for installation within section of rectangular duct and round frames are designed to Connect between two sections of round duct. Axles are square plated steel. Bearings are sleeve type. Rectangular Dampers single (parallel and opposed) and double louver design allow "man-safe” isolation and precise flow control on precipitator, bag-house, scrubber and gas turbine fan inlet and outlets ~ round, square or rectangular configurations available. Butterfly Dampers single and mult-blade designs provide low cost isolation and flow control of flue gases. Lovrleak or ‘mar-sate designs available. Diverter Dampers directs gas flow from gas turbine exhaust to heat recovery boiler or bypass system. Single flapper blade with unique Bellow seal design provides high (99.9%) sealing efficiency ~ man-safe design available with a temperature range to 1200°F. ‘Poppet Dampers provide low cost shut off in bag-nouse type collection systems. Lowrleak or zerorleak configurations. Maintenance ke any mechanical device, dampers require periodic maintenance to ensure continued proper operation. The level of ‘maintenance required is dependent on several factors including the product manufacture’s and system designer's recommendations, code requirements, and the complexity ofthe system in vhich the damper is installed. Periodic maintenance of dampers should include the following: ‘+ Removal of debris buildup from the damper and surrounding area “+ Manual eycling of dampers released by fusible links + Cycling of damper and actuator assemblies. 1900 SERIES | 34 Butterfly Dampers 1962 - PNEUMATIC ER] pear M: | Va Casing 2 | rat Farge 2 | Ragustg Fp | Sat | Boxing 6. | Stdiog Box > | ent | Glan acting Figure 12 a : Pneumatic Actuated Single Flap Round Butterfly Damper. NOMINAL DIA NO.OF ass @ONnmm | Linmm ea BLADES 162908 /100/9.5 4088 “0 2 5 + 1962908 160/9.15/40%8 |e is ‘ 1280S /200/3.18/40%6 20 2s 18 1 8628F08 230/16 40K mo | 18 1 4 @ar08 200/48 4088 =o 20 » + {62°08 /280/9.15/40x8 so | a = 1 19629F08 /400/3.15/40%8 “0 a8 2 + 126F0S 480/218 0x6 | oats = 1 12908 500/818 40%8 0 as & + “se08F08 20/18 40K = | wf % + 1362905 /€00/3.15/4088 «0 py a + 1962908 /250/9.18/40%8 eo | = 1 1962808 700/818 4088 m0 ‘0 » + $9e2F06/ 750/215 40%6 mo | aso # : {2808 /800/348 4088 0 Po % + {29FDS /820/2.18/40x8 ne) ” 4 1962908 /200/9.15/40%8 0 “= 2 1 ‘1962BFDS / 950/3.15 /40X6_ 950, | 25 Ed 1 4ae06 000/25 4088 ‘ono 2 ” + 19020708 /1050/9.5 408 too | as 2 ‘ {962808 1100/3:15/cOx8 ‘veo 2 2 + 1ae2BFDS/1180/8:8/ «0x8 io | aso x 1 19629F05 /1200/3.15/40%8, 120 0 & + $9608 1250 /8.15 4088 wo | s + 1200S /1300/3 15/4088 ‘30 a = + 1962BFDS / 1960/3.18 /40X6 1380 | ans 38 1 1962BFDS 400/218 4088 1400 = s + ‘1962BFDS / 1450/3.15 / 40X68 1450 | 400 3s 1 4 9020-08 1500 /818/ Al | Figure 13b: Electr Actuated Rectangular Damper Parallel Blados. NOMINAL SIZE MODEL NO. Se mem | tam crmm | no.or tapes 195280 100/318 “co 18 wo 6 1 {no '180/3 18/40 0 ts tw ‘8 ‘ {oeano 200/38) ax 20 ‘to zm 6 ‘ {sono (200/318 / 4x0 zo 20 P 8 ‘ {sono 300/351 axe seo zo i 2 2 ‘esanD 1860/38 088 =o 20 tt 2 2 Teen 40/8 16/48 co aS a 2 2 Tosen 480/187 4x8 =o as es = 2 Teen /600/2 16/ 4x8 feo co so 2 tosano 80/38/48 0 0 ae = a qoeznoe00/3 18/8 fo te & = 3 tosh 280/38 / 4x so 00 z= 2 3 ‘eno 70/3 18/8 ‘no 0 ro] = a tos2n0/780/3:8/408, 0 ooo am 2 a {sano 000/387 exe to oo es 2 ‘ {ean [880/381 «xe 0 x. 2 Fs 4 {no F000 /3 18/0 sco cy Be = ‘ {zn [980/3.18/

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