ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 3269 Second edition 1988-12-15 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION MEKAYHAPORHIAR OPFANMSALMR NO CTARAAPTAGALHA Fasteners — Acceptance inspection iéments de ration — Contre de réception Referees number bY 50 3269: 1988180 3269 : 1988 (E) Foreword 180 Itho Intemational Organization for Standardizotion) isa worldwide federation of rational standerds bodies (ISO member bodies}. The work of praparing International Standards is normally cartied out through ISO technical committees, Each member bbody interested in a subject tor which a technical corerittae has been established has the tight to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern ‘ental and non-governmental, in lisison with ISO, algo take part in the work. ISO Zlaborates closely with the intemational Electrotechnical Commission (HEC) on all matters of electrotechnics! standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees ate circulated 10 ‘he member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by thg ISO Council. They are approved in accardancs wh ISO procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting, Ingernationah Standart (SO 3260 was propared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 2, Fasteners. ‘Tie second edition cancels and replaces the fist edition {ISO 3269 : 1984), of which it ‘canstitutas a technical revision. in particule, ‘a the terms “defect” and “defective” have been replaced by "nonconformity” ‘and “nongontotming unit”; b)_ AQLvalues for dimensional and mechenical characteristics for plain washers and pins have been specified. - _sers should note that all International Standards undesgo revision fom time to time ‘and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its latest edition, unless otherwise stated. © International Organization for Standardization, 1988 # Printed in SwitzerondsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD 1SO 3269 : 1988(E) Fasteners — Acceptance inspection 1 Scope and field of application 4.1. This international Standard specifies the procadura to be ‘ollowed by the purchaser at his acceptance inspection in order to decide whether a lot of fasteners may be accepted or ro- jected. when no other acceptance procedure hes been agreed with the suppiier at the time of ordering the fasteners. Addi- ora specific acceptability requirements may be included within 3 specific product standard (tor example, prevaiing torque type nuts). The procedure is also to be apeilad when conformance 0 specification is disputed. 1.2. applies to bolt, screws, studs, nuts, pins, washors and other related fasteners not intended for high-volume machine assembly, for spetial purpose applications or for specialy ‘engineered applications requiring greater in-process controls {and lot taceabily. Procedures for these products shall be ‘aureed between supplier and user prior to confirmation of the order. 1.3. Ieapplis to fully manufactured products anly and nelthor |mplies nor includes any particular in-orocess contol procedure or inspection during production. 1. Accessories, services and partially fabricated parts {for ‘example, washers, mits, plating, heat treatment, blanks, etc.) ‘may be purchased by the supplier from other suppiers for use in production of fastoners. However, the supper of the fully manufactured product shall be solely responsible forthe quality ‘af tho final product. Any plating of other process carried out by the user after teceiat of the fasteners shal validate the requirernents ofthis ‘international Standard. 1.5 The annex gives notes for guidance and the rationale bbohind this International Seandard, 2 References 180 898-1, Mechanical propertias af fasteners ~ Port 1: Balt, serews and studs. 'S0 898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load valves. Win preparation. 'S0 988-6, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 6: Nuts With specified proof load values — Fine pitch thread. 180 2869, Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by atinbutes, '80 3608, Corrasian-resisiant stainless steel fasteners — Specitications. 150 3594, Statistics, vocabulary and symbols, 1S0 4768-1, Tolerances for fasteners — Part 1: Bolts, screws ‘and puts with thread diameters > 1,8 and < 150 mm and product grades A, B and C, 180 4759.3, Tolerances for fasteners — Part 3: Washers for ‘metric bohts, screws and nuts with tread dlamerers from | up {0 and including 180 nmr — Product grades A and C. 180 5157-1, Fasteners — Surface discontinuities — Part 1 Bolts, screws and studs for genersl requirements. 180 6157-2, Fasteners — Surface alscontinulties — Part 2: ‘Nuts with thread sizes MS to M39.) 1S0 6157.3, Fastaners — Surface alscontinuities — Part 3: Bolts, serewss and studs for special requirements. 3° General requirements 3.1. Although every fastener should meet all rnquiroments of its standard specification, in mass production this is not avay ‘possible. Depending on the intendad function ard utilization, it Ig neither necessary nor economic alvays to separate fasteners ‘which meet all requirements from those which do not, 3.2. For production quality control, the manufacturer may use any inspection procedure, hut due care shall be taken during ail, production stages that the fastoners will satisty the respective standords. “The designation of an AOL shal net imply that zhe supplier has ‘the right fo supply knowingly any defective unit of product.= 180 3269 : 1988 (E) 2.3 The user may test the fasteners dallvered for function and ‘tization, as he judges necessary or economically justifiable, provided thatthe supplier's risks not more than 6 % for aimen- sional and 12 % for mechanical requicermants (see table 2), unless prior agreement has been reached. 3.4 It's important that, during acceptance inspection, stress 's lsd on the fitness of the product to perform is inter ‘turction, Objections shall only be raised ifthe nonconformities Imair the intended tunctior ad ar utilization of the fasteners. The user shall give the supplier the opportunity of vetting, oncontormities discovered, Ha the time of inspection the subsequent function is uncertain, {for example, stock parts, any deviation from the specified ‘olerances shall be regarded as impairing the function and/or utlization. 775 A rejected lot of fasteners may not be presented for re- ‘ection unless the nonconformity has been rected or the lot sorted ‘eee 5.5). NOTE — teach rectification could impair te imendod fureton ard aati, requres the conser ofthe usr 3.8 Gauges and messuring instruments used for inspection ‘may not dotermine any fastener t9 be unscceptable if infact the fastener dimensions ard properties are within specification tits, IF disputes arise, direct measurements should be made for ‘ecsion. 3.7 Also when the lot satisfies the acceptance conditions of this International Standard, it is possible to reject single ‘astanars which do not meet the agreed techrical require mers. ‘The folowing definitions apply for the purposes of this Inter rations Standard; they are based on ISO 3534. 4.1. acceptance inspection: All the procedures such as ‘sempling, gauging, measuring, comparing and testing ‘necessary 10 decide whether a lot of fasteners should be accepted. 42 supplier: Manufacturer of me fasteners, or @ dealer or representative who supplies the fasteners. 4.3 purchaser: Receiver oF his tepresentative who receives the fasteners: this is not necessarily the final usar of the estenass. 4.4 inspection tot: Definita quantity of fasteners of a single ‘ype, tolerance grade, property class and size, manufactured Lundee conditions which are presumed uniform and submitted by a supplier for inspection at one time. 4.5 lot size iN): Number of fasteners contained in alot 4.6 sample: One or more fasteners drawn from a lot, taken at random so that all fasteners have an equal chance of selec- tion. 7 sample size (n}: Number of fasteners in the sample {8 characteristic: Dimensional element, mechanical prop- ‘erty of other recognisable feature of @ product for which limits ate spacified, far axampie, head height, body diameter, tensile strength or hardness, 4.9 major characteristic: Characteristic which, if noncon forming, i key to ragut ina falure orto reduce materially the ‘of the fastener for its intendad purpose, 4.10 minor characteristic: Characwistic that is neither Ficely to reduce materially the usability of the fastener for it in ‘ended purpose, nor @ departure from established specifict- ‘ions having itl bearing on the effective use or operation of the fastener. 4M. nonconformity: Oepacture of a quality characteristic ‘hat results in a product not meeting a specitied rempirernent. 12. nonconforming unit: Fastener with one or mora nor: conforms. 4.13 acceptance number (Act: Maximum number of non= conforming units in any given sampla that stil alias accep ‘ance of the lot. 4.14 sampting plan: Plan according to which a sample is taken in order 19 ebtain information and te reach 8 decision a” the aeceptarce of the lot. 4.16 acceptable quality level (AQUI: Quaity love! whch in sampling plan corresponds to a specified relatively high probability of acceptance, 4.18 _limiving quatty (LQ): Quality level which ina sampling plan corresponds to a specified and relatively tow probability ot sccentancs. {Oye Is the percentage of noncanforming urits in the characteristic of the submitted product which has a one-in-ten chance of being accepted hy the sampling plan; it is often ‘known 36 the consumer's tsk 4.17 supplier’ risk: Degree of probabiity mat 3 fot does not satisty the agteed technical requirements, the quality lave! lof which eoes correspond to the respoctive AQL. value, when a sampling plan is used. 4.18 probability of acceptance (P,): Probability that 2 lot which contains a certain number of nonconforming units can rot be rejected a5 a whole on the basis of a sampling pian.& Acceptance inspection procedure for dimensional and mechanical property characteristics of fasteners 5:1. Find the description of the fastener to be inspected for dimensions! characteristics in tables 1a) to Ic), note the appropriate characteristic to be inspected and the associated ‘AOL value, For mechanical property characteristics, note the characteristic to be inspected and the associated AQL value fom tables 2a) to 3c) 5.2 Choose the appropriate ratio LOyg/AQL in accordance with 3.3 for examples, see table 2. Notes 1 Multiplying this cao by dw AGL vale gives ths Lig. The Lie sll comaspand tothe function andor utzon ofthe fastener. For ‘ore important functions and/or uillzatons ofthe fastener, We LGha ‘Value may be smal ut tis recuires greater sample sizes and higher inspectan cosis. lt may be possible to reduce the proportion of fastoners inspect fram known saurces with continuous production ‘comateBy choosing 8 greater ratio LO AL, it me lots napectod xo ‘ar have shown good quatiy. Conversa, it may be necessary to im crac the proportion ingpected ifthe lot cannot be presumed to be ‘riform otis not from one manufacturer. The ratio LOyy/ ACL used ‘shall be within the sole judgement of the purchaser 2. The sampling plans in sabe 2 ae darormined bythe chow of ACL and of customer's tek (LOI. Once theeo two parameters have been chosen, he same size, accaptance number, and suppl’ rik tofow automaticaly. The lot sze/sampe size lationship in table 1 of SO 2858, which isintended vo apply ony in the case of production of ‘continuous seas of las, i not appropiate. Table 2.can howtre’ 9¢ sppied to such a case, Sut alee apelcable co isclate# ts by suitable choice of LO In cave of spute between gurchaser and supper. 3 Samping plan shat be chosen accovcing to which he supple’ tk not higher than that lid oven in 3.3 5.3 Knowing the AOL and the chosen ratio LOy9/AQL. find the sample size and the acceptance number, for example from rable 2 5.4 Select the sample in accordance with 4.6, For each characteristic, cary out the inspection, note the cumber of nonconforming units and acoegt the lot f the number of nor ‘conforrning units is equal te or lower then the acceptance ‘umber. 1SO 3269 : 1988 (E) 5.5 In the event of rejection, suitable disposal ofthe lot shall be agreed upon by purchaser and supplier (see 3.6) 5.6 The samples for the tensile test [see tables 3al to Sci] shoud where possible ba those used forthe hardness tec, with tha lowest and/or highest hardness figures. (The tensile test, being destructive, requires fewer samples. than the non- destructive ardnoss test.) The proof load testis regried as a destructive test. Examples: 1 Inspection of threads for hexagon bolts, grade A of a supplier well known for his steady quality; therefore ratio LO;g/AQL of 6,2 is applicabie: AQL 1 — Sample 19 80 — Acceptance number Ae 2. 2. Inspection of the driving media for hexagon socket head Screws of an unknown supplier: therefora the ratio LOjg/AQL has to bo lowered t0 3,7 AQL 1 — Sample Be 10. ize 500 — Acceptance number 3 Inspection of the mechanical property: stress under aroot load tor nuts: AQL 15 — Sample size 8 ~ Acceptance number Ac 0. 5.7 Nondestructive (visual) tests for detecting surace discontinurties cannot siways give results of the type and dimension of the discontinuity: this car be verified by destruc: ‘ive tests only. Therefore greater samite sizes are necessary for the non-destructive test for surface ciscominuites to ‘densify those fasteners which consequently shal be subject to destruc tive testing, If during visual inspection, any fastener is found with quench ‘tacks in any locstion, or folds at or below the bearing surface, except “clover leat" folds in non-circular fasteners, the iot shall be rejected. If on the desvuctive test any fastener is found with seams, bursts, shear bursts, forging cracks, surface discontinuities on the thread, tool marks, voids or damages, which excaed the ‘Mlowable limits specified for the applicable type of ciscom tinuity, the fot shall be rejected.180 3269 : 1988 (E) Table 1a) ~ Dimensional characteristics for threaded factanare Pee ils ulblecaly u soles iar ae horctra ae] g | ay: r F a t 2 # falalejalp ge = ge] i 5 Pla ia wa across fe Tsp. pw ae] ae Lith actos comers 1 yey 1 Ss 4. Cha ot en socket 7 ws - 4D enstes ne ; te tis een pain Sn ee aes ta } [emesoe i he be This bas Tas [as 4 z ala fasta la le 1) Chavactrstics shall bo individually asonee. 21 The prediact grates seer tw the dassiiention of 10 «750-1. 3). Product Sropery cash for nuts: ge 150 86-2, the produot with regard to fit and tolerances. ‘See 48) For feaqures aft in the hot forged condi use an AQL of 2.5. Hot-forged preducts sal bo prasad for “napestion sapere ‘Table Wb} — Dimensions) characteristics tor plain washers. ‘Applicable dimensional Grade S co 18 Outiae diameter 18 25 [Pics characteris, i ots 25 é 1) Characteities shal be incividuniyastenees. 2) The ptoduer grades refer to the cassiation of 180 47503.) ‘the srosuct with cogard to fit and tolrances. (Soe1SO 3269 : 1988 (E) Table 1c} — Dimensional characteristics for pins Product rue Aoiicabe imensiont Posies [Ta Gas orectonnaca ES one me mat iis aie 7 7 Malor or re i chavocteritics ‘Surface roughness 1 1 1 Teer 7 ee, | Alone 2s 28 as 1) Cheracusitcs shail be indiidvaly assess, Tabla 2 — Examples of sampling plans t e Acceptance a rio rumor 068 1 15 « Le Bmp ‘at ’ 2 ~ ] is 6 3 188 2 to @ | = |= 2 78 3 [2 |» | ® 62 5 2 zo |= | 2 a2 < 3 a5 | x0 | % aa 2 7 eo [ais [a0 » 37 a 0 0] ate 7s 3 2 a 0 0 28 z zr a5 22 7 1} Alliguras in ths able have bean taken trom ISO 2868, LO AOL ratios are mean valves. 2) the lot sie is less than the equiod sample size, 109 % igpection shal be carved out180 3269 : 1988 (E) ‘Table 3a) — Mechanical characteristics for threaded fasteners Applicable Carbon or alloy steel ‘Stainiess steot ee [ea Setapara| to cao Sa], | me [eee | eo sop See 150 838, 60 2505 [bons screws} NM | serewa | chvead form Nate Ssgag 809 [eos se ed ECS nat noes os pase] ae uae [aa ie Permangne strain2? 1s Cerra at frecture® 18 Sieg nr ot 1s i. oa Son : Soe ere Nouraetea | 06 | as | om | ow comene ess Denn : (class 78.8) S iene is wane is fas aa wes om Las 1) Other characteristics may be required according to he specication apaleabl, for example performance of Prevaling toraue type nus. 2 Tense strength and stress at 0.2 % permanent sain may be chacked in the same test. 3) Ysera applicable aonording 10 the steel grades concerned. 4) in accordance with International Standards ‘Table 36) — Mechanical characteristics for plain washers Carbon oralioy stool | Stinlo Applicable mechanical ‘charactoristice’” ROL Hardness Oe = 5) Other characioies may be required according to the spelfiction applicable, 2), Use mate identification test: a future Intematonsi Standard wil cover this subject. ‘Table 3e} — Mechanical characteristics for pins Product grous Applicable mechanical herectentetes™ Parallel, taper and elev pint AGL [Sher arent Hordes os 1) Inaccordance with product standards. Other characteristics msy be required eccording tothe specification eppicabie. ie geISO 3269 : 1988 (E) Annex Notes for guidance and rationale (This annex does not form part of the Standard.) AA General {tis not possible to prevent nonconforming units occurring in ‘mass production. In eartculer, therafore, larger lots may ccea- sionally contain some nonconforming units . Technical re- ‘avirements do not generally demand that these nonconforming ‘units be sorted out, a procedura which isin ary case difficult and uneconomic. Each nonconforming unit. the nonconformity in which may adversely affect its intended use te a greater than negighle ‘extont, may be cause for complaint the customer tests each unt, and therefore the total delivery, he will, Himsoff, sort out the nonconforming units and can make @ complaint, it necessary. The procedures and AQL values specified in ISO 3269 are not used, in these cases, Larger tots are usually only subjected to random sampling by the customer. The results of random inspection permit the deduction, with a higher or lower degree of probability only, of the actual number of nonconforming units present in the inspection lot; probabality here depends on the sample size laxsant of testing) A2 Purpose ‘The purpose of this international Standard is the specification of objective criteria for deciding under what circumstances a complaint may be raised about a whole lot, without knowledge lof the precise propartion of nonconforming units in the lt. This is intended to protect the supplier, a8 far a5 possible, against complaints about thase inspection lots in which tne proportion of nonconforming units és smell (smaler then the ‘AL valuel, but where it has wrongly been indicated t0 bo too great as a result of unsuitable sampling inspection {for ‘example, because sample sizes wore too small 3. Background to clause 1 ‘This Intemational Standard therefore specifies quality limits (AQL values) and sampling plers, where the supplier's risk of 5 % for dimensions and 12 % for mechanical properties of lots \with a percent nonconforming equal to the AQL value 's not exceeded. (On the one hand, this specification protects the supplier, but ‘on the ather hand it aves the customer the necossary freedom, te choose the sampling plan that is required for technical reasons, ‘The customer can therefore match the extent of inspection with functional cequirements and with the experience gained ‘rom previous late received from the same supplier (quality history). The greater the sample size, Le. the nearer the LO. value of the sampling plan is to the AQL, the greater is the probability of recognizing lors where the percent nonconform- ing appreciably exceeds the AOL value, but the grester, 100, the effort and expense involved. Using this system the customer ean select the technical and economic optimum suitable for himself A4 Background to clause 3 ‘The foliowing relationship exists between the sampling plan (sample size, acceprance number) and the AQL and LO values Each sempling plan is described by its operating characteristic curve OC see the figura}. ft shows the probabilities of accep: tanee in @ semoling inspection as a function of the actual pet tent nonconforming in the inspection lot. The paints on the operating characteristic curve indicating 9 $6 % and a 10 9% probability of acceptance have been selected forthe determina- tion of suitable sampling. The 96 % paint of the operating characteristic curve is requited to be equal to of greater than the AQL value specified. The 19 % point on the operation characteristic curve (LQjq value! is to be solacted by the customer at his own discretion, The LO,y vaive corresponds to the percent nonconforming in inspection ‘ots which is highly Fikly (90 % probability] to give rise to complaints. Probibity of acceptance me a Percent noncantarming ee NOTE — For AGL ~ 1, samoiing plans 80/2 and 500/10 are pormiend ‘whereas 80/1 i act permite Isupelier's risk Righer zr 6%), Figur — Operating characteristic curves for sampling plans~ 180 2269 : 1968 (E) ‘This International Standard includes table 2 for users having no sampling system of their own. The LQjg value in each case is calculated from this table by multiplying the ratio LOy/ACL by the AQL value ‘Samaling inspection is only used to decide on the acceptance Or rajaction of the whole lot. Complaints about individual non conforming units ae not affected by this and are possible, even If there fs no complaint about the lot as a whole and it has boen accented, During the discussions on AQL values, it was generally ‘recognised that 2 complaint rat for whole deliveries of § % for dimensional nonconformities and 12 % for nonconforming ‘mechanical properties was, 35.9 Tule, uneconomic for the supoly of fasteners. The AOL values and the supplier's risk specified in this International Standard are, therefore, oniy characteristic values for the determination of suitable sarnoling plans. The quality of fasteners manufactured is usually better _pafran the AOL value, AS Clause 3: further information ‘The manufacturer tors his products at his own discretion, using the means and methods which seem appropriate to him, according 12 his knowledge of the correlations between manufacturing processes, materials, types of fasteners and the frequency of nonconformities. He isnot obliged to use the pro- cesess and tests described in this Interretfonal Standard, either in manufacture or in final inspection, if re can produce the same result using different means and methods, “The customer also has the possibilty of using any test which appears to him to be suitable. However, a more severe test flower AGL values or lower probability oF acceptancel may only be used as the basis for a dacision an compiaints about an in- spection lot, if such a deviation from this International Sten- ard was expressly agroed at the sme of ordering. ‘Some deviations from tolerances or fimits specified tave m9 averse effects either on the function or on the use of the fasteners and, in accordance with 3.4, no complaints should be ‘msde about these. For example, the ISO thread tolerances pro- vide for some pay, to allow electroplating tobe applied without ‘adverse effect on the functioning of the threads. ifthe upper limit of the effective bolt thread diameter is exceeded slightly, ‘and itis known that this thread wll not be coated, this dovia- tion ean have no eciverso effects on the function oF the use of the screws and no complaint shall be made. (For further deta, see “Inspection sampling and complaint cisuses in dafvery standards” by G. Hewzo.D in DIN-Mitreiungen 57, 1978, No. 12, pp. 697-7014 Regardless of thei natura and the use of gauges and measuring Instruments, the diferent measurement and inspection pro ‘cedures shall not qualify any part as nonconforming if the ‘actual values stil le within the specified limit. ‘The standards dealing with inspection and measurement pro- ‘cedures specify how this principle isto be realized in individual _methods and for individual items of test equipment, The effect ‘of the uncertsinty of inspection methods and measuring equip ‘ment shal bo included in the assessment of the resuits of in- sspection and measurement, in referee cases. AG Background to clause 5 ‘The classitication into main and secondary characteristics was made in accordance with the major functions of fasteners. Other clossfications may be agreed at the time of ordering However, these may possibly increase production costs, Properties for which no mits are specified in 1$0 2288 or in ‘other International Standards, for example ISO 898-1, 180 898-2 or ISO 898.6, or in dimansional Standards, may be imporant in individual cases. In order to avois misunderstan- «ings, petriasible mit values andi or limit specimens shall be ‘exchanged at the time of ordering. Inspection of mechanical pronetios, materials and coatings re- ‘quires considerable resources. In order to reduce the resources requited for inspecting lots, fasteners of the same type, prop- ety class, finish or thosa made from the same material, which differ only in length, for instance may be treated as being of the ‘same type. Limit values have boen specified for the greater part of the Droperties to be assessed. Depending on the function of the part and the deviation from the limits datermined, agreement ‘may have to be reached between the supplier and the customer in the individual case in which nonconformities hava been ‘found regarding acceptance, rejection oF further machining or processing, possibly an the basis of additional inspections. Rocarding test vesuits obtained trom various lots supplied by 3 supplicr gives a statistically representative picture of the aualty level ofthis supplior over @ corresponding period. Iris therefore recommenced thet the results of non-destructive and destruc tive tests are continuous and regularly recorded, in order 10 arrive at statistically based representative documentation for the assessment of the quality level ofthe individual supplier. ‘The distinc beween destructive ané non-destructive testing is based on whether it is possible to use the specimens after testing. Only smal parts of the surfaces are graund off in hardness testing, which dove aot usually adversaly affect the usablity of the tested part. The hardness test is therefore regarded as being a non-destructive test.