CANSTRUCTOR'S RESOURCE MANUAL SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY - EDWARDSVILLE EIGHTH EDITION ALCULUS Varbery. Purcell RigdonExecutive Editor: George Lobell Editorial Assistant: Gale A. Epps Special Projects Manager: Barbara A. Marray Production Editor: Wendy Rivers Supplement Cover Manager: Paul Gourhan Supplement Cover Designer: PM Workshop Inc. Manufacturing Buyer: Alan Fischer © 2000. by Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ww 987654 ISBN O-13-085140-X Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited, London Prentice-Hall of Australia Ply. Limited, Sydney Prentice-Hall Canada, Inc., Toronto Prentice-Hall Hispanoamericana, S.A., Mexico Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., Singapore Prentice-Hall of Japan, Inc., Tokyo Editora Prentice-Hall do Brazil, Ltda., Rio de JaneiroContents SOLUTIONS Preliminaries Functions and Limits The Derivative Applications of the Derivative The Integral Applications of the Integral Transcendental Functions Techniques of Integration Indeterminate Forms and Improper Integrals Infinite Series Numerical Methods, Approximations Conics and Polar Coordinates Geometry in the Plane, Vectors Geometry in Space, Vectors The Derivative in n-Space The Integral in n-Space Vector Calculus Differential Equations PRINTED TEST BANK 39 93 154 218 264 310 364 416 453 511 558 618 662 711 759 796 821 841ers 1 4.4 Concepts Review 1. rational 2 3. real 4. theorems Problem Set 1.1 1. 4-28-11) +6=4-2(-3)46 +6+6=16 2, 3[2-4(7-12)]=3[2-4-9)] = 3[2-+20]=3(22) = 66 -AfS(-3+12-4)+2013-7)] = -A{5(5)+2(6)} = 4125412) =-4G7)=-148 4, Sf-1(7#12-16)+4]+2 [-10)+ 4]+2-=5(-3+4)42 5(1)+2=542=7 Instructor's Resource Manual 10. aw 2 1B. 18, (J5+¥8)(5-¥5)=(v5) -(5)° =5-3=2 Section 1.121+ 3)(21+3)(2043) 4? +12049)(20+3) 16. (V5—S5)? = (98)? ~2( 8)(V5) «(V5 ee eke 894127 +2407 +3604 18427 17, 3N2(V2-V8) =3V4—-3V16 287 +367 4541427 32-34 6-1 . 21. Go 2We42) ye 18, 2G YD + Vib |= 208 + 264 =2:242-4 =448212 2 29. 30. = Pade ax 2x41) “2-1 1 3 a SP a Pane ee i etiobe Mier) ea (c+ 2) x(x 2) x(x 2) 1244x4842" a(x4+2) 21. (3x—4)x+1) = 3x7 +3x-40-4 Ca) 2 _ $x+20 a3taan4 x(e+2) 22, (2x-3)? = (2x-3)24-3) oo 2 x02) 4x? ~6x- 6x49 34x? = 12049 2, 2 y dsl Gy-2 gyP-1 I-3y 23, (3x-9)(2x41) = 6x? +3x-18x-9 oes 7G aye = 6x? -15x-9 “2Gy-)* Gy+NGy-D 3y-1 A 26+) 2y 24, (4x -1Gx=7)= 128? ~ 28-3347 ~3Gy+nGy=) * 2yF Gy 2127-61477 |. 2y+ dye), > > 2Gy+NGBy-1) 28, G14) by 4242p 412y? +10y+2 =? -14)G2 141) 2Gy+Day=) 29838432 38 42-143? -r41 29 68 472 241 2 Section 1.4 Instructor's Resource Manuallay? + 18y +4 © 28y+DGy-D _ 206)? +99 +2) “2Gy+NGBy=-). Oy +9942 © Gy#DGY=D sa x(x-1)-2 50-3) +5=) 3h a 0-050 b, 2 isundefined 2 is undefined. ° 0 Gi 36. 1a. hen 020 bt ss eins tens edb aya mtr No ° single value satisfies °= a : 0 37, a, -3<-7; False b. -1>-17; True 2 U2 = Fal 5 <- False a. -5 > -¥26;-V25 > -V26; True 6 (34,234 238 7° 39°23 273" Instructor's Resource Manual 5 MH, BB 38 re £ fal 7°39" 413 a3 38. a, a0 bux<0 c. False; Take x= 4. Then }. Since ‘a nonempty set of integers that is bounded below contains a least element, there is a ky €S such that ky /n>B but (y-Dinsb. Then ky-1_ k, 1 1 oe eer) n non on 41 £2 38. a. Answers will vary. Possible answer: An example is $= {x:x? <5,x a rational number). Here the least upper bound is V5, which is real but irrational b. True Section 1.2 U4.3 Concepts Review 1. interval: intervals 2. [15-02] 3. b>0;b<0 4 8.43 Problem Set 1.3, La 7. WOx+1>8r45 2e>4 x>2:(2, 60) 9% He3xt2<5 oie} Bexch2-0 2a (27) b. 34) oO eae 10, -3<4x-9<11 3 x-Te2a-$ 6<4x<20 -20 (2+ De-6)> 0; (2,1) U(6,) 17, 22+ 5x30; 2r= Ie +3)>0; montis Instructor's Resource Manual 1B 4x? -5r-6<0 a <5 a ter Section 1.3 928, (2x-3)(x-I7(x-3)> 0, Confiz}oo ) 40 Section 1.3 29, 30, 31. 32, 3. 8-5: -6x<0 x(x? -5x-6)<0 x(x + x= 6) <0 (-#,-1) 0.6) xtl>0 (2 (r=) >0 (r+ Dex- 1)? >0: CLV) a. 3x+7>Land2e+1<3 3x >—6 and 2x<2 x>-Dandx <1; (2, 1) be 3x47> Land 2e+1>—4 3x > and 2x>-$ sl x>Dand x>—2; (2,00 r-F e 3x+7> Land 2e+1<—4 x>-2and x<-5:0 2 a 2x~7>1 (dex) or 2r41<3 2x>8or 2x<2:x>4orx3 xs4orx>1(-0,0) a (x4? +2x-7)2 27-1 20 43x? -Sx-72x7-1 w 42x? -5x-620 (x+3)(x+ Ix-2) 20 [-3.-vp,~) Instructor's Resource Manual34. 38. b. ata? 28 x23? -820 (24X22 +2)20 (x? 42)(x42)(@-2)20 ( 502 -438) (ou) 301" 299 (7 +1? -72 +1) #10<0 (G2 +y- se? +)-21<0 (2-407 -1)<0 (+24 D-Dlx-2)<0 a a Bee Nue.2) a B-eNx42)<10. If we divide both sides ofthe G-e)r+B-e<1< Greer Gre inequality 1>0 by x, we obtain I/x>0. To prove the converse, divide both sides of the i equation 1>0 by Ix. This gives 1, Vets 1-26+6) 1-26-29 which is equivalent to x> 0. Sea? ce & ig9 199 Zoi ao Zoi **195 sc) 2.01°1.99, oo ons asm” Ose amet eal 2.99{x+2)<1<3.01(x42) 2.99x+5.98<1 and 1<3.01x+6.02 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 1.3 114.4 Concepts Review 7. x~7]>3: L-iS 2x-7<-3or2x-7>3 2x <4 oF 2x> 10 2 Ja+d]sloletol ke 20rz>5: (-@,)UG.2) Robe 8. [Sx-6]> St-6<-LorSe-6>1 02 4 0.04 Sx7 3 1 Problem Set 1.4 xelors> -eno[2) br+aj2: i * 2e=1<-2or2x-1>2 Feo ges denoted Fe-teors2-0 ea old re-toss3 (-0-t)u(3-0) (o-181U-102) s 4 [sx45]s10: an 243i: 10S 4545510 : “issanss aeLecteraeSos 15,2518 5 ~Bexst{-2 3] reLcoorietso : 38 ou Soe ef ; -l 0; xe #07? ~4G)-6) | -17419 20) 6 3 or-iter>0;ce.-04(2) 16. 14x? +11x-15 <0 ye UV? ~404)(-15) _ 11231 2014) 28 11, [x-3]<0.5 9 5)x—3] <5(0.5) [5x -15] <25 1B, [x+2]<03 o> 4x2] < 4(0.3) oo [ax 418}<12 19, fx-2}0 Gx-Nlx~3)>0; (Je 28, [2x-]2[x41) (x1? 2 (x41)? ast are 242001 32-620 3x(x-2)20 (~QU2.2) Section 1.4 132» 22x~3)-<|x+10 30, Bx-I]<2]r+6} 4x6] <[x-+10] px) <[axe12] (4x-6)? <(x+10) (x-1) |a]-b] Use Property 4 of absolute values. Fai Pe? 1. Jarbed=[(a+0)+4sla+dte| by the Triangular Inequality, and since sal +[b| +l 37 43>0, He2r02h 274323 and x]+222, 50 14 Section 1.4 Instructor's Resource Manualx2 I? +9] x2 38. 36. | 3 1.9375 <2. 38. a xer axed x(1-2) <0 x1 bo Pex taxed x-1)<0 Oercl 39, 00> Instructor's Resource Manual at, 2, 8. 44, |. a the area iso? -(2) «From Problem 42, 2 1 a+b) Ve «Lend oooh s( 222) so the square has the largest area. Aaa: A= 4x(l0y = 4007 fier? ~a009|<0.01 [2-100] so the triangle is isosceles. 8 a= Vl2-4)? +(-4-0)" = V4r16 = b= (4-87 + 0+ 2)? = Vi6+4 = [(2-8)7 +(4+2)" = \3644 = a © Instructor's Resource Manual9 ¢ a? +6? =c2, so the triangle is right triangle. D613) G 10, Y(x-37 + 0-1? = (x6)? (0-4)? n. 2B. M 15. 16. 1 1.7, 3): (1, D6 DD 19. Since the circle is tangent tothe x-axis, r= 4 (x-3? +y-4)? =16 Substitute x= into the equation and solve fory. i 2(122, 348) .(3 9 mipimoran-(122 228)-(2.2) 443 744) (711 midpoint arco «(422 24).(2, ) 7 z aioe +(2-4) 22) aoe = Vari = V5 = 2/24 IF +O-1 (4 2P 4-3 = # (+27 +(y-3)? =16 (x-27 +04 (5-27 +341) 7? =9416=25 (= 27 (y+? =25 (2-47 +0-3? (6-4)? +(2-37? Podeles (2-4 +(y-3)? =5 143 347)_ mere ( BET) 2.9 Ve-3? +07? -B-5 (x2) +(y-57 =5 radi Jari6 Instructor's Resource Manual 20. 2 2. 28, Substinute (1? +07 goles £202 into the equation and solve for |. x2 2x410+ > -6y-10=0 2 42r+y?-by= (2 42041) 469? ~6y49) (x49? +0-37 =10 3)eradius = V0 +9 center x+y? -6y=36 2 +(y? Gy +9) =1649 2 +(y-3) =25 center = (0,3); radius = v5 x2 + y? -12x435=0 aire yh =-35 (2? -12x+36)+y? =-35+36 (x6 +y?=1 center = (6,0); radius Py? 10e+10y=0 (2? -10x+25)+(y? +10y +25) = 25425 (2-5)? (945)? =50 5): radius = V50 = SV? center = 4x? +16r415+4y? +6) 20 x2 44x44)+4f 243 p42 ]oise16+2 AGP +areayedl ys? eSyt z= 1s 4164S Section 1.5 1726. 27. 28, 29, 18 ; acrat ea(vo3) ay -8 a) “6 2): es cn xs2¥?+[» comer «(= 2 105 | 42 Ax? +16x4 Ba dy? a3y=0 76 7 Hay 2,3,,9 srarenealy? dyed) 105 |g. 2 195 1622 16 * 16 3) x42) +4{ y+] =10 fee) ae ) erat a(vs3) center =(-2 -3) radius 3 3 2 eoner( 256,242) 246 343)_ C= 2F)-49 insoribed circle: radius = (4-4) (-4P +0- circumseribed circle: radius = (4-2)? +03) = V8 (x4)? +Q- 0? =8 ‘The radius of each circle is VI6 = 4. The centers are (1,~2) and (9,10). The length of the belt is the sum of half the circumference of the first circle, half the circumference of the second circle, and twice the distance between their centers. Laa(ay+t-20(8)+2f(1+9y +(-2-10) 284 2Vi00eTH =5637 Section 1.5 Cost by plane = by plane. 82(279) = $1344.78; cheaper |. Distance running = 6 mi (8) ised = vaeas Distance swimming = (I ime = Distance® _ 6 , VI623 5 09 Rae 8) 3 |. Put the vertex ofthe right angle at the origin ‘with the other vertices at (a, 0) and (0, 6). The wip typos “t 2) me isons om he venir ee a? +2, which are all the same, . From Problem 31, the midpoint of the hypotenuse, (43,), is equidistant from the vertices, This isthe center of the circle. The radius is Vi6¥9 =5. The equation ofthe circle (x-4y? +(y-3)? = 25. x4 y? —4x~2y-1 (x? -4x44)4(y? -2y4]) 2114441 (x2)? +=? =16 FP ¢y? 4 201-12y47 (x? + 20x+100)+(y? ~12y +36) 124100#36 (+10)? +(y-6)? = 64 center of frst circle: (2, 1) center of second circle: (-10, 6) Instructor's Resource Manual[2+10)? +(1-6)? = fists 25 = Vi69 = 13 However, the radii only sum to 4 + 8 = 12, so the circles must not intersect ifthe distance between their centers is 13. 4 34. Prarty? tbyte=0 +b? —de 4 >O0=a? +b? > de 35. Label the points C; P, Q, and Ras shown inthe figure below. Let d =|OF|, &=|00], and |PR|. Triangles AOPR and ACOR are similar becouse each contains aright angle and they share angle ZORC . For an angle of 30°. d/h= 3/2. ‘Thus, using a propery of similar triangles, occ} =v5/2 2 a2 2 a=2+4/V3 Thus, A= 2a = 2(2+4V3) = 4(1+2V3) By the Pythagorean Theorem, we have d=Vh?—a? = Va = 23 +4 7.464 36, The equations of the two circles are (2B) +(y- RY = RF GP +y- =P Let (2,2) denote the point where the two circles touch. This point must satisfy Instructor's Resource Manual (aR) +(a— RP Sime aR, ae[1- Atte sume ine, te pont where the wo circles touch must satisfy (a-rP (a-rP? (22) Sie a>, ae[ 0 Equating the two expressions for a yields G-2V2)R=0.1716R y b= / . The centers of the circles are V10-2)? +(8-2)? = J100 =10 units apart, so the belts cross at a point 5 units from each center. The belt makes a right angle with the radius at point B, as shown in the figure. From the Pythagorean Theorem, the length of Section 1.5 19[Eo - fee 40. See the figure below. The angle at Tis aright the bet fom ato Bis YS? —3" = Vi6 =4 ‘angle, so the Pythagorean Theorem gives, snd» S=20 +093 rans. The ston on Ment o(ereer the lower half ofthe wheel i identical, and the (PM)? +2rPM +r? =(PTY +? two wheels are identical. so the lenath of the eee belt around each wheel is ences : 3(2x =1.86) =13.3 units. The length of the belt PM +2r= PN so this gives (PM)PN)=(PT)? is 2(13.3) + 4(4) ©42.6 units 38. (eI +00 = Yo-3F +04? ie 43? -2e4 1437-2941) P 6r494y? By 416 3x? = 2x43)? = 9416-4-4 17 N 41, The lengths A. B, and Care the same as the corresponding distances between the centers of the circles: A= Y-2)? + (@? = V8 =8.2 B= (6)? +(@) = v6 = 10 (sy +0? Each circle as radius 2, so the part ofthe belt 39, Leta, 6, and c be the lengths ofthe sides of the around the wheels is, right riangle, with c the length of the 2Qa-a-2)+202—b-n) + 20x-0~2) hypotenuse. Then the Pythagorean Theorem = Bn (a+b+c}=202n) says that a? +b) Since a+ b+ triangle. ‘The length of the belt is = 8.2+10+8+4x = 38.8 units. isthe ae of senile with (x) diameter x, so the circles on the legs of the 2 , the sum of the angles of a triangle have total area equal tothe area of the 4 A semicon he hypotenuse. From a? +6? =c?, Ba fy 8e anaes © is the area of an equilateral triangle with 42, In Problems 28 and 41, the curved portions of the belt have total length 2ar. The lengths of the straight portions will be the same as the lengths of the sides. The belt will have length Dart dy +d) ++ ds, sides of length x, so the equilateral triangles on the legs ofthe right triangle have total area ‘equal to the area of the equilateral triangle on the hypotenuse ofthe right triangle. 20 Section 1.5 Instructor's Resource Manual$43 1.6 Concepts Review 15, m=2*5: undefined: x+0y-2=0 xt0yt5=0 3. yemetbsx=k 1 AxtBy+C=0 12, dys-2et ls ye Sth slopes yrinercept = 4 18 ty =52~6 5 3 456-5618 7.6544 1.234 vi-5 0212 1x2) ox42, 2B. ; Mw Instructor's Resource Manual Section 1.6 2422 a. a 2. 22 Bxtey=5 3G) +e()=5 e=4 c=0 Qxtye-l yeo2e-l 2 Bxtq=5 cya n3e45 2 2 ‘¢ must be the same as the coefficient of x, soc=3, y-2= x43), perpendicular slope = Section 1.6 Instructor's Resource ManualPoint of intersection: (—3.~4) 4x-Sy=8 Sys ax48 a4 29, 3x-4y=5 2x+3y=9 9x-12y=15 Br+l2y=36 Point of intersection: (3, 1): 3x ~ 4 ay = 3x45 Instructor's Resource Manual 30, Sx-2y=5 2ev3y=6 I5x-6) 4x46 19x 2 22 )asy26 (2) ad 60 a 20 9 ay 20), 19 Point of intersection: Sx-2y=5 Be A=3,B=4,C=-6 gn BOAO) + (-6))_7 (area 5 32. 34 M 1 i a= PQaCH-5, Vorecon 5S Section 1.6 2335, 2r+4(0)=5 44 36. 45, passes through ‘37. 120,000(0.08) = 9600; ”= 120.000 - 96007 38. Slope = -9600; The bulldozer depreciates at $9600 per year. oe 39. (0, 700,000), (10, 820,000) Poses nx 820,000 700,000 _ > go 10-0 N= 12,000n + 700,000 46. a passes through Atn= 25; N= 12,000(25) + 700,000 = 2-0 1,000,000 (2 +0) 22 40. (0, 80,000), (20,2000) 1m = 2000 80,000 _ _ 3999 20-0 V = -3900n+80,000 41, a. When x=0, P-=~2000, which indicates + passes through that the company loses money ifno items are sold, b. Slope = 450; this is the amount of profit gained with the sale of each item, 42. a, Slope = 0.75: this isthe amount of money added tothe cost with each item produced. b, When x=0, C= 200. This is the fixed cost. that is, the cost to produce zero units. 43. If (49.9) ison both lines, then 2x9 yp +4=0 and xy +3yp-6=0 50 2xg - 99 +44 (39 +3y%9 -6)= 040-4 = 0, which means that (x9, yo) i on the Hine ema) Dx—y+ 44+ Hex + 3y~6)= 0 regardless ofthe value off 47. Let the origin be atthe vertex as shown in the figure below. The center of the circle is then (4—n7). so ithas equation Along the side of (2-4-1)? +07 24 Section 1.6 Instructor’s Resource Manuallength 5, the y-coordinate is aluays > ines the x-coordinate. Thus, we need to find the value ofr for which there is exactly one x- solution to (x— 447)? +(y"=7) Solving for xin this equation gives xo (le-ra fF o7r9)). tis ‘exactly one solution when that is, when r=1 or r=6. Theroot r=6 is extraneous. Thus, the largest circle that ean be inscribed in this triangle has radius 48. The line tangent to the circle at (a,b) will be perpendicular to the line through (a.6)and the center of the circle, which is (0,0). The line through (a,5)and (0.0) has slope perpendicular to the line through (a.6) and (0.0). soit tangent tothe circle at (2.6). 49, 12a+0b=36 b= 3x-3V3y = 36 x-v3y 212 3x+3V3) xt yBy=12 Instructor's Resource Manual 50. n,B=—1,C = B-b:(0.0) m(0)-\0)+ 8-8} |8-) Im? +(-1)? Vor? +1 ‘The midpoint of the side from (0,0) to (a, 0) is si. (tes 2) ( ) Ota 940) (4.9 ae eae az The midpoint of the side from (0, 0) to (b,c) is 2 )-64) 52, See the figure below. The midpoints of the (apeaza) o[aza nen) 7 pe (24 2a), and 7 2 sas 2) The slope of PSs ] 1 phi ty -Or+. 24-22. The slope of a-¥ #45 (a1 +)] 1 qhatr- 0249) yyy, ae ORis 4% qh teat) PS and QR are parallel. The slopes of SR and PQare both 2321, so PORSisa 3% parallelogram. 53. x? +(y~6)? = 25; passes through (3, 2) tangent line: 3x ~ 4y = 1 ‘The dirt hits the wall aty = 8. Section 1.6 251.7 Concepts Review 1 pani 3 hal 2 (4-2) 44 ine; parabola Problem Set 1.7 + Lzyrintercept= 1 y= (1 +)(1 =}; intercepts = -1. 1 ‘Symmetric with respect tothe y-axis 5 2. xe-y? +h y-intercept intercept =1 ‘Symmetric with respect to the x-axis, y 3. x= Ay? ~ 1s x-imtercept = -1 Symmetric with respect to the x-axis 7 26 Section 1.7 4, y= 4x? 1; y-imtereept y= (2x4 D(2x-): 5. ety x-intercept ‘Symmetric with respect to the y-axis Instructor's Resource Manual1. Tad + 3y=0;3y=-12 yo? x-intercept = 0, y-intercept = 0 ‘Symmetric with respect to the y-axis y ‘ximtercepts =-2, 2; y-intercepts = 2,2 ‘Symmetric with respect tothe x-axis, y-axis, and origin J Instructor's Resource Manual 10, 3x? +4y? x-intercept ‘Symmetric with respect tothe x-axis, y-axis. and origin AL, yaa? 2+ 2: y-intercept=2 intercepts = 22248 13 y 12, 4x? +3y? =12; y-intercepts = -2,2 intercepts = -V3.V3 ‘Symmetric with respect to the x-axi and origin », Section 1.7 2713, 2-y?=4 intercept = 2,2 Symmetric with respect tothe x-axis y-axis, and origin 14, 18, 28 F40- intercept Ae +2 =36: ysintercepts = V3; intercepts = -2, 4 ‘Symmetric with respect to the x-axis y 10 Section 1.7 _y-intercepts = -2.4 -2V2.2N3 ‘Symmetric with respect to the y-axis 16, 4x43)? =-2 intercepts = 2+ V2 ‘Symmetric with respect to the x-axis, # E 17, 32+ 909+ 2)? = 36; ysintercepts = 4, 0 scintereept= Symmetric with respect tothe y-axis woh 10% -10k 18, x+y = 1y-imtercepts = -11 -cimtercepts = =1.1 Symmetric with respect to the x-axis, y-axis, and origin Instructor's Resource Manual19, x+y = 16; y-intereepts = 2.2 intercepts = -2,2 eee ‘Symmetric with respect to the y-axis, x-axis and intercept = 0 origin ‘Symmetric with respect to the origin, 20, y= = y-imtercepts = 0; Po Laren yest? 1) =ate+ N= 1: 4 “intercepts = -1.0, 1 2x2 = 2x44 Hy? eAy ed) = H242412 ‘Symmetric with respect to the origin 20-0? +3427 y ‘Symmetric with respect to the y-axis » 24, 4(x—5)? +9(y +2)? = 36: x-intercept = § Instructor's Resource Manual Section 4.7 2925, y= (a= 1Me= 2K 3): yrntereept =-6 29. |s|+[y| =: yrimtereepts = 1,1: sintereepe © 12,3 sx-intercepts ==1, 1 J ‘Symmetric with respect to the x-axis, y-axis and origin 26, y= x%(x~ x2); y-intercept = 0 ‘vimtercepts = 0, 1,2 30. |s|+|y]= 4: y-intercepts = ~4. 4: -cintrcepts = 4, 4 Symmetric with respect to the x-axis, y-axis and origin 27. y= x2(x-1)?s y-intercept = 0 intercepts =0, 1 3 exel= (x4? wxtlex? 42x41 B BP 43x=0 i. x(x43)=0 Intersection points: (0, 1) and (-3. 4) 5 28, y= x4(x-1)*(x4+1)%;y-intercept = 0 intercepts = -1.0,1 Symmetric with respect to the y-axis 30 © Section 1.7 Instructor's Resource Manual32, 2x4 3=-(r-1)? den3e-x?42e-1 x +4=0 No points of intersection 33. -2r43=-2(x-4)? W2e43= 20? 4164-32 2x? -18x+35=0 18+ 324-280 _18+2Vi1 _ 9+Vil. 4 4 2 Insertion points: a _. (eB 2 y 10) -0 10% Instructor's Resource Manual 4. 38. 36. 3x? -3x+12 3r°-x4+9=0 No points of intersection soni Intersection points: (-V3,~V3), (3.03) 2x? +3¢x-1)? =12 2x? 43x? ~6x43=12 5x2-63-9=0 6+ J36+180 _ 6+6V6 _343V6 10 0S Intersection points: 3-36 -2-3V6) (34+3V6 -2+3V6 3S reas Section 1.7 m1a. 38, 39, 32 yore! F424 Brel)? =15 xP 42e49x7 #6x41=15 10x? #8x-14=0 65x? +4x-7)=0 x=-1.65.0.85 Intersection points: (~1.65. -3.95) and (0.85, 3.55) xP 4(4r43)? =81 2 +16? 42449281 Wx? + 24r-72.20 x= 2.88, 147 Intersection points: (~2.88,8.52),(1.47,8.88) y a y=x?; (2) b. a2 +x? Ferd, with a>0: (1) ad +x tertd, with a<0: (3) d. y=ax’, witha>0: (4) Seotion 1.7 41. 230-2109 Three such distances NB Bade? —2y= 20; (-214vii). (-2.1-J),(2.1+Vi3),(2.1-VB) ae [2-29 «fev -(1+B)} = 50-207 =4.12 ay = (e227 +14 21-(1-B)P = fie+(Jai+ VB) = 50020273 =9.11 y= e247 oft T-(1-V) = fov( Vite saip = vip =20a1=9.17 d= 4(-2-2 +[1-V21-a+ VE) = fis (-V21-vis)’ = 5020273 <9.11 d= 2-29 4[1-s1-(1-VB)] = fi6+ (vib vat)? = V50-2V873 = 4.12 dg = (0-27 +[1+V-(1-VB)P = o+(JB+ vB) = (av) =2v5 «7.21 Four such distances (dy = dy and dy = ds). Instructor's Resource Manual1.8 Chapter Review Concepts Test 1 ML. 12, 13. 14, 15. False: True: False: which True: False: True False: True: True: True: True: True: True: True: False: and q must be integers. PA2= P2M since PL Pe a a Pi-41-P2, and gp are integers, $0 are piga ~ P24 and gua. Ifthe numbers are opposites (a and ) then the sum is 0, is rational Between any two distinct real ‘numbers there are both 2 rational and an irrational number. 0.999... is equal to | (orf lee (a-b)-c= a :a-(b-¢) = Since x nab: S [a,b] and (4,c] share point in common. If (a, b) and (c, d) share point then ¢0 s0 also,-10,y<0) or Il-bf=[-*-1=Ie+ 91 (x<0,y>0). In either case Section 1.8 3322, True: 23, True: 24, True: 25, True: 26, False: 27. True; 28, True: 29, True: 30. True: 31. True: Vi-bi=b+>4 Ifeitherx = 0 ory= 0, the inequaly sexily seen to be te. Iyis positive, then = op sts 8 a(p) ey For every real number y, is positive, zero, or ne, cabe root x= By satisfies x For example x? $0 has solution (0) Paareytye0 is a circle forall values of a If x=6=0 and c<0, the equation does not representa circle. Ix=a+4: 3a seb 4 3 yo Gara) 343 Ma panes og Ifthe points are on the same line, they have equal slope. Then the reciprocals of the slopes are also equal Hab > 0, a and b have the same sign, so(a, b) is in either the first or third quadrant. Let x=e/2, If €>0.then 2-0 and <6, Ifab = 0, a or bis 0, s0 (a,b) lies on the x-axis or the y-axis. Ifa = (a, 6) is the origin 34 Section 1.8 32. 3B. 4 38. 36. 31. 38. 39. 40, Troe True: False True: True False: True: False: True: Jn = 92,80 (%1-34) and (22.92) are on the same horizontal line. d=y[la+b)-(a—Byf +¢ = (26)? = [2] ‘The equation ofa vertical line ‘cannot be written in point-slope form. ‘This is the general linear equation. ‘Two non-vertical lines are parallel if and only if they have the same slope. ‘The slopes of perpendicular lines are negative reciprocals. Ifa and b are rational and (a,0).(0,6) are the intercepts, the slope is ~% which is rational. (a4 -1. ‘The equation is (G+ 2m)x+(6m—2)y-+4-2m =O which is the equation of a straight line unless 3+2m and 6m~2 are both 0, and there is no real number rm such that 342m =0and 6m~ ‘Sample Test Problems + (shel (2 6 -ne?s[?-eeip =: [or-@eif ° ping [co -can] =49 Instructor's Resource Manual3-2rs 4x41 <2x47 3-2xs4x41and 4x+1s2047 6x22 and 2x26 1 \ rel ands: [, pamtrex [53] 3e-2)= 206+) (P=) yee I mt Perel 3. Leta, b,c, and d be integers. e_ad+be 2d Bd which is rational “2% 1282828... 13, 21? ~44r +12 <-3,21" - dar +15 $0; Sees 44+ 44? -4(21)15) _ 44226 lox = 41282828 Sea 4 5. Answers will vary. Possible answer: 3 [3 0.0990, 50 “ (ae y 6. #54539 324 1. (n-V20)"* 920 = 2.66 8, sin? (2.45) +c0s? (2.40) ~1.00 = -0,0495 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 1.8 3518, {12-3112 3} (02-32)? 227 144-T2x +927 2 x? Bx? -72x414420 B(x-3x-6)20 (2.3) (6.2) 19, Forexample, ifs =-2, |-(-2)|=24-2 alex foranyx<0 20. tf -s}=s.then x20 2 [t= 5" 4S 1= 15-4 If[S~q= 54, then 5-120. 1s5 2, tsa 23. I fx] $2, then O<{2x? 43x42] <)2x"|+[3x]425846+2=16 24, a, The distance between x and 5 is 3 b. The distance between x and -1 is less than ‘or equal to 2 36 Section 1.8 . The distance between x and a is greater than b 28, ’ C65) 5 se (A,B) = (1+ 27 +(2-6)? = VOFT6 =5 (B,C) = YS +52)? = Vib +9 =5 (A.C) = 52 5-6) = NBA = VO =5v2 (4B)? +(BC) =(AC)*, so AABC is a right triangle. 147 248 3. midpoint: (+7 =**)— (4,5) 2 “(5 +) ) = (4-3 +6 +6? = Vivi2I = Via 2+10 ox) 22 (10-2) +(4-0 27 canoe 6,2) lease 2 circle: (x6)? +(y-2)? =20 28. x? +y7-8r+6y=0 x? 8x4 164 y? +6949 = 1649 (4)? +043) Qeby? +2y=2 29, -aetleyPa2yste2e1sl (x-IP +4 ly a4 center = (1, -1) xP 6x4 y?-4y=-7 4 6r494y? dyed = 74944 (x+3P +(y-2)? =6 center = (3.2) d= J(-3-1? +2417 = Vi6s9 =5 Instructor's Resource Manual30. a, 3r42y=6 a Instructor's Resource Manual Section 1.8 3733. The figure isa cubic with respect oy 36. ‘The equation is (6) x= y? 34. The figure is a quadratic, opening downward, with a negative y-intercept. The equation is (¢) y= ax? +br+e.witha<0,b>0,ande<0, 35, tof 39, yea? 2e+dandy—x=4; xt4ex 204d 6 10% x-3x=0 x(x-3)=0 points of intersection: (0, 4) and (3, 7) -10} 36. Fo2xty? 23 odetleytad (e-0P4y =4 y 38 Section 1.8 Instructor's Resource Manual