8.19 Water is the working fluid in a Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 1400 Ibf/in.? and 1000°F. The condenser pressure is 2 Ibf/in.? Both the turbine and pump have isentropic efficiencies of 85%. The working fluid has negligible pressure drop in passing through the steam generator. The net power output of the cycle is 110° Btu/h. Cooling water experiences a temperature increase from 60°F to 76°F, with negligible pressure drop, as it passes through the condenser. Determine for the cycle (a) the mass flow rate of steam, in Ibvh. (b) the rate of heat transfer, in Btu/h, to the working fluid passing through the generator. (©) the thermal efficiency. (@) the mass flow rate of cooling water, in Ib/h KNOWN: A Rankine cycle with superheat operates with water as the working fluid, The net power output of the cycle is given. FIND: Determine the mass flow rate of steam, the rate of heat transfer to the working fluid passing through the steam generator, the thermal efficiency, and the mass flow rate of cooling water, SCHEMATIC AND GIVEN DATA: 2 ‘Steam Geverator Seana a pom p= 10 tin? Cooling waterProblem 8.19 (Continued) — Page 2 Ts diagram po 1400 toi? ENGINEERING MODEL: 1. Bach component of the cycle is analyzed as a control volume at steady state. The control volumes are shown on the accompanying sketch by dashed lines. “The steam generator and condenser operate with constant pressure. The turbine and pump each operate adiabatically with an isentropic efficiency of 85% Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. Condensate exits the condenser as saturated liquid. ‘There is no heat transfer between the outside of the condenser and the surroundings. Dusen ANALYSIS: First, fix each of the principal states. State 1: py = 1400 Ibflin?, 7; 5) = 1.6094 Btu/(Ib°R) 1000°F > From Table A-4E: h, = 1493.5 Btw/Ib and State 2s: p2,= 2 Ibflin.?, so, =; + From Table A-3E: x2. = (1.6094 — 0,1750)/1.7448 = 0.8221 and Ii, = hips + X2yhigns = 94.02 + (0,8221)(1022.1) = 934,29 Brw/lb State 2: py =2 Ibffin?, ha = hy ~ A(T ~ hs 1493.5 Btu/Ib ~ (0,85)(1493.5 Btw/lb ~ 934.29 Btu/Ib) = 1018.17 Btu/lb State 3: p3 = p2=2 Ibffin., sat lig. + From Table A-3E: hs = hp = 94.02 Btw/Ib and = 0.01623 f'/Ib State 4: py=p; = 1400 Ibflin?, h, ny PsP) MeProblem 8.19 (Continued) ~ Page 3 fe Ibf\144in?) Btu 0.01623—— 400-2) >> “4S | e ( mf ( ‘} i 778 ft-Ibf| in 0.85) hy =94 oe + 8.96 Brwlb (a) The mass flow rate of steam is found as follows, Mass and energy rate balances for control volumes enclosing the turbine and pump give W,=ri(h,—hp) and W, = rh, ~hy) ‘The net power of the cycle is Solving for rn Inserting values me 2.13 108 Ib/h 1493,5 2 - 1018.17) (98.96 3% _ 94.023 1b 1b Tb Ib (b) The rate of heat transfer to the working fluid passing through the boiler can be determined by applying mass and energy balances to a control volume around the steam generator to give Oy, = til, =n) =(2.1310° Ib/h)(1493,5 Btw/lb ~ 98.96 Btu/lb) 2.9710? Btu/h (c) The thermal efficiency is Woon ° ° n= —2%* = (110? Btwh)/(2.9710? Btwh) = 0.3367 (33.67%) (d) The mass flow rate of cooling water through the condenser is determined by applying steady state mass and energy rate balances to a control volume enclosing the condenser. th, = rh, =m and 7h, = lew and = tlh, — hy) + trey (Ihy = hy) Solving for rit,Problem 8.19 (Continued) ~ Page 4 For the cooling water, ~ (7). Consequently, from Table A-2E. 28.08 Btw/lb 44.09 Btw/lb Substituting values Ib Br Buu 2.13 10° = } 1018.17—— -94.02—— ( aL 1b b i 44,09 BU _ 7g 035 1b Ib mh, 1.23 x 10° Ib/h The results of Problem 8.19 can be compared to the results of Problem 8.10 to see some of the effects of irreversibilities on the performance of a Rankine cycle for cycles with the same net power output. In this case, the irreversibilities in the turbine and pump result in lower thermal efficiency, greater steam flow rate, increased heat addition, and increased mass flow rate of cooling water.