qv Utilisation Of Electrical Energy ©UE (Utilisation Of Electrical Energy) + Eneny is defined asthe capac todo work Chemical, mechanical {hal Soar and sachet arte tiered form of coongy Cacial tnerey abe to adapt many aferent ncn. + Electra energy haz apres variety of aplaton. lsc energy isan tssemial parte scence and technology. Fhe major ition of elcrial nergy to generate output amelie and eacronics devas Apsrt omits utldaton ef lec energy sin indusry, domestic uieation in Commercial wage, pub srvic’in ranaport in sery et + We use electrical energy in every minute of our aly acti such a Tetigortor cll phone charge apo hie amps, ‘racer drys rear Rens oe, cones room Kenta 7 + Alow load crcmstances show an mage of oor electric tization, Eieeichy i rat ony to aomate entre nears stn gh peor should understand the good ulation and base principe ot elec wonBasi fundamental truth or principles of electrical energy utilization are a follows: ~ (2) safetye= Electric has the possibilty of harm and injury. ot should be driven with protective custody. User should use proper cable to wansmi electrical energy. "Make sure that user are wearing shoes while utile electricity. Electrical equipment "hould nat be near water For adional work of elctieal energy tke help from any rained person, don’t try by yourself unt and unless you ae not rained. (2) Usetuinss: Utilization of electric energy should be economical Users should not sutferin 2 economical way. Avoid use of electrity through bulbs in morning and neon hours. (2) Modesty and effiieney:= Users shouldbe relatively moderate; when they ate using electrical ener. Electrical energy utilization should bein decent way, Users should take cae of others requirement of electricity. Always use electrical energy very efficiently. Do hot wasteit by using unnecessary elecre applances. Do not steal electricity.llumination:- Humans depend on Light for all activities. Light sa natural phenomenon, very vital for existence, which is taken for granted. In fact, Life involves day night cycles beginning with sunrise and ending with sunset. Some basic definitions: - (1) Plane angle and solid ante: - Plane angle is subtended bat a point ina plane by two converging straight lines, Magnitude of this angle i given by 0 = "=+ Sold angles the ange generated bythe ine pasing through the point in Space and the periphery of the area is measured in steraions a denoted byw. ts magnitude even by w= —S== stradans.Luminous fax: Its the rate of flow of luminous energy and is denoted by 6, so that islumer(i). + The concept of luminous flux eto specty the output and efficiency ofa given ight source. Forinstance output ofa bleyle lamps 10m and that of 1S0W ineandescent lamp s 1840 m. Light energy: It isthe energy contained in visual radiations in 2 gven time andi exprested in lumen-hour Analogous to kwh is usually denoted by Q. Luminous intensity: (the mes ominous inher mie per antso anglby = pole tourc andi danced by .1 = swt scandal or endo + tis the ratio ofthe brightness ofa source flight to that of standard candle. One “Candle gver out luminous fox of ment in space, Thus lamene smited by ‘one candela Source of ight sone lumen/stradian.luminato tis defined as luminous flux density per unit area and is denoted by ct llumination of one lumen per square meters called lux and one lumen per square feet is called feet candle ‘Geter? cro jg Candle «0.093. cane ft candle = 10.76 luxUnt of illumination instead of lux is sometimes called meter candle also. 1. During sunset and sunvse = 500 lux 2. During summer mid day = 100000 lux 3. During winter mid day = 10000 tux 4. With ull moon = 0.25 lux Luminance (Grightness is defined as luminous intensity, either a surface source of light or cust (As Apparent area} Unit of luminance is neat whichis defined as candela per square meter. Stil Bigger uit a uminancestambert wich im/sa ft ndisequal to 3.425 unit projected or apparent area of iminated surface and Is denoted by L.(2) Moon = 0.25 cd/m? (2) Sun = 165000 cd/m? (3) Fluorescent lamp (tral rection = 8000 ant (4) Fluorescent lamp (longitudinal 5000 cd/m? Lamp efficiency: Itis the ato of lumens emitted per watt of electric power. Sodium lamp produces 100 Im/watt. Mercury lamp 40-50 lumen/wat, fluorescent lamp 75 Im/watt and incandescent lamp 12 to 20 m/watt Depreciation factor or maintenance facto Lumen output ofall amps decreases with use. This shows the depreciation factor.Absorotion factor: In case of foundries or places where atmosphere is full of smoke fuels, there Is possibility of absorption of ight energy. [Absorption factor = Netumens aac abs [Absorption factors varies from 1 for clean atmosphere t00.5 for casting floors of steel works and foundries. Reflection factor: {Allthe light incident ona reflecting surface is not reflected. Some portion of ‘the same is absorbed by the surface Retection factor» ected htsheets onoss Incandescence: - “The phenomenon of light emission by a body, refers specifically to visible ight. While thermal ra Infrared or any other electromagnetic radiation. we ute sed gem wt sah aro & er Saal Nat aiatien Gila ier at Ge FF deter ers Sone ee Se 8 sctig we Fa+ Ithas been our common experience that room heater working at about 750" C gives out faint red light and radiations are mainly in red and infrared region. + On the other hand, filament of an electri bulb which is at 2300° C emits Intense light. + Eleetric are which sat 3500” Chas bluish tinge. + All this clearly shows that asthe temperature is more and more, the ‘wavelength of intense radiations becomes less and less. This is conveniently expressed as Wein’ law and Stefan Boltzmann's law respectively. + Wein’s law states that the wavelength of intense radiations in inversely proportional to the absolute temperature of the emitter, net‘ot absokte tapers ct pron pow theme ‘eos in auggests short wavelength radiations are produced at very igh temperatures ‘eben whose nurtace temperate Bot about 600" Cems enough onic radiations which uses su bur, ‘Sources of it Flament amo: It lssen that amount ofaationsnvisble spectrum ceases 25 temperature of Incandescent material ineases upto 600" C therfore any meter wil estab ad ‘nihave igh rating ficiency which hs high meting pole, Carbon vaporizes 33800" ‘Cond turgron hae high mating point of3400°C would appear tht crbon would be 2 barter chaceforfamant mata thn ungrton Infact carbon lamp isthe fst amp introduced by Thomas Alva Ean in 1873.2 - Watch Videos + Practise Quizzes + Performance Analysis www.wifistudy.com