A Project On

OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

[Submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for B.A.LL.b (Hons.) 5 year

integrated course]
Session: 2019-20
Submitted On: "11 October 2019"

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Sanjana Jain Mrs. Jyotsna Jain
Roll No. - 88 Assistant Professor
Semester- I Section- B

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 Declaration of Originality

I, Sanjana Jain, hereby declare that this project titled "Open Source Software" is based on the
original research work carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of "Mrs. Jyotsna Jain".
The interpretation put forth is based on my reading and understanding of the original texts. The
books , articles and websites etc. which have been relied upon by me have been duly acknowledged at
the respective places in the text.
For the present project which I am submitting to the university, no degree or diploma has been
conferred on me before, either in this or in any other university.

Date:11\10\2019 Signature
Name: Sanjana Jain
Roll No.- 88
Semester- 1 Section- B

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 CERTIFICATE

Mrs. Jyotsna Jain Date: 11\10\2019

Assistant Professor
University five year law college University of Rajasthan, Jaipur

This is to certify that Sanjana Jain student of semester(I), section(B) of University Five Year
Law college, University of Rajasthan has carried out project title "Open Source Software" under my
supervision. It is an investigation of a minor research project. The student has completed research work
in stipulated time and according to norms prescribed for the purpose.

Supervisor

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have written this project titled, "Open Source Software", under the supervision of, Mrs.
Jyotsna Jain Faculty of University Five Year Law College, University Of Rajasthan, Jaipur. Her
valuable suggestions herein have not only helped me immensely in making this work but also in
developing an analytical approach in this work.
I found no words to express my sense of graduate for Director SANJULA THANVI for
her constant encouragement at every step.
I am extremely grateful to librarian and library staff of the college for the support and
cooperation extended by them from time to time

Sanjana Jain

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research method which I have opted for making this project in a doctrinal method. I alluded
various websites, also I have practical knowledge about the hardware and software of computers,
my practical knowledge play a very significant role in making this project. It tried my best in
making this project.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1) What is Open Source Software?

2) How they are different from other software?
3) Why do people prefer using open source software?

OBJECTIVE

The main purpose to make this project is to enhance my knowledge in computer, as it will also
help me in my subject. Also it is very interesting to know about how a open source software
work and how it is manipulated safely. Secondly I want to experience that how computer works
with the open source software.

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 CHAPTER- 1
INTRODUCTION

Open source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and
enhance. "Source code" is the part of software that most computer users don't ever see; it's the
code computer programmers can manipulate to change how a piece of software—a "program" or
"application"—works. Programmers who have access to a computer program's source code can
improve that
program by adding
features to it or
fixing parts that
don't always work
correctly.

The Open source

software are very
common during this
period of time as they
are helpful in multi-
core working or in a
work where SMT
(Simultaneous Multi-Threading) is involved or hyper-threading is involved. At Opensource.com, we
like to say that we're interested in the ways open source values and principles apply to the
world beyond software. We like to think of open source as not only a way to develop and license
computer software, but also an attitude. Approaching all aspects of life "the open source way"
means expressing a willingness to share, collaborating with others in ways that are transparent
(so that others can watch and join too), embracing failure as a means of improving, and
expecting—even encouraging—everyone else to do the same. It also means committing to
playing an active role in improving the world, which is possible only when everyone has

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access to the way that world is designed. The world is full of "source code"—
blueprints, recipes, rules—that guide and shape the way we think and act in it. We believe this
underlying code (whatever its form) should be open, accessible, and shared—so many people
can have a hand in altering it for the better. Here, we tell stories about the impact of open source
values on all areas of life—science, education, government, manufacturing, health, law,
and organizational dynamics. We're a community committed to telling others how the open
source way is the best way, because a love of open source is just like anything else: it's better
when it's shared.

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 CHAPTER- 2

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OSS & OTHER

SOFTWARE
Some software has source code that only the person, team, or organization who created it—and
maintains exclusive control over it—can modify. People call this kind of software "proprietary"
or "closed source" software. Only the original authors of proprietary software can legally copy,
inspect, and alter that software. And in order to use proprietary software, computer users must
agree (usually by signing a license displayed the first time they run this software) that they will
not do anything with the software that the software's authors have not expressly permitted.
Microsoft Office and Adobe Photoshop are examples of proprietary software. Open source
software is different. Its authors make its source code available to others who would like to view
that code, copy it, learn from it, alter it, or share it. LibreOffice and the GNU Image
Manipulation Program are examples of open source software.

As they do with proprietary software, users must accept the terms of a license when they use
open source software—but the legal terms of open source licenses differ dramatically from those
of proprietary licenses. Open source licenses affect the way people can use, study, modify, and
distribute software. In general, open source licenses grant computer users permission to use open
source software for any purpose they wish. Some open source licenses—what some people call
"copyleft" licenses—stipulate that anyone who releases a modified open source program must
also release the source code for that program alongside it. Moreover, some open source
licenses stipulate that anyone who alters and shares a program with others must also share that
program's source code without charging a licensing fee for it. By design, open source software
licenses promote collaboration and sharing because they permit other people to make
modifications to source code and incorporate those changes into their own projects. They
encourage computer programmers to access, view, and modify open source software whenever
they like, as long as they let others do the same when they share their work.

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 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OSS

Open source software is usually easier to obtain than proprietary software, often resulting in
increased use. Additionally, the availability of an open source implementation of a standard can
increase adoption of that standard. It has also helped to build developer loyalty as developers feel
empowered and have a sense of ownership of the end product.

Moreover, lower costs of marketing and logistical services are needed for OSS. It is a good tool
to promote a company's image, including its commercial products. The OSS development
approach has helped produce reliable, high quality software quickly and inexpensively.

Open source development offers the potential for a more flexible technology and quicker
innovation. It is said to be more reliable since it typically has thousands of independent
programmers testing and fixing bugs of the software. Open source is not dependent on the
company or author that originally created it. Even if the company fails, the code continues to
exist and be developed by its users. Also, it uses open standards accessible to everyone; thus, it
does not have the problem of incompatible formats that may exist in proprietary software.

It is flexible because modular systems allow programmers to build custom interfaces, or add new
abilities to it and it is innovative since open source programs are the product of collaboration
among a large number of different programmers. The mix of divergent perspectives, corporate
objectives, and personal goals speeds up innovation.

Moreover, free software can be developed in accord with purely technical requirements. It does
not require thinking about commercial pressure that often degrades the quality of the software.
Commercial pressures make traditional software developers pay more attention to customers'
requirements than to security requirements, since such features are somewhat invisible to the
customer.

It is sometimes said that the open source development process may not be well defined and the
stages in the development process, such as system testing and documentation may be ignored.
However this is only true for small (mostly single programmer) projects. Larger, successful
projects do define and enforce at least some rules as they need them to make the teamwork

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possible. In the most complex projects these rules may be as strict as reviewing even minor
change by two independent developers.

Not all OSS initiatives have been successful, for example SourceXchange and Eazel. Software
experts and researchers who are not convinced by open source's ability to produce quality
systems identify the unclear process, the late defect discovery and the lack of any empirical
evidence as the most important problems (collected data concerning productivity and quality). It
is also difficult to design a commercially sound business model around the open source
paradigm. Consequently, only technical requirements may be satisfied and not the ones of the
market. In terms of security, open source may allow hackers to know about the weaknesses or
loopholes of the software more easily than closed-source software. It depends on control
mechanisms in order to create effective performance of autonomous agents who participate in
virtual organizations.

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 IMPORTANCE OF OSS
People prefer open source software to proprietary software for a number of reasons, including:

Control. Many people prefer open source software because they have more control over that
kind of software. They can examine the code to make sure it's not doing anything they don't want
it to do, and they can change parts of it they don't like. Users who aren't programmers also
benefit from open source software, because they can use this software for any purpose they
wish—not merely the way someone else thinks they should.

Training. Other people like open source software because it helps them become better
programmers. Because open source code is publicly accessible, students can easily study it as
they learn to make better software. Students can also share their work with others, inviting
comment and critique, as they develop their skills. When people discover mistakes in programs'
source code, they can share those mistakes with others to help them avoid making those same
mistakes themselves.

Security. Some people prefer open source software because they consider it more secure and
stable than proprietary software. Because anyone can view and modify open source software,
someone might spot and correct errors or omissions that a program's original authors might have
missed. And because so many programmers can work on a piece of open source software without
asking for permission from original authors, they can fix, update, and upgrade open source
software more quickly than they can proprietary software.

Stability. Many users prefer open source software to proprietary software for important, long-
term projects. Because programmers publicly distribute the source code for open source
software, users relying on that software for critical tasks can be sure their tools won't disappear
or fall into disrepair if their original creators stop working on them. Additionally, open source
software tends to both incorporate and operate according to open standards.

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 IS OSS ONLY FOR PROGRAMMERS?

No. Open source technology and open source thinking both benefit programmers and non-
programmers. Because early inventors built much of the Internet itself on open source
technologies—like the Linux operating system and the Apache Web server application—anyone
using the Internet today benefits from open source software. Every time computer users view
web pages, check email, chat with friends, stream music online, or play multiplayer video games,
their computers, mobile phones, or gaming consoles connect to a global network of computers
using open source software to route and transmit their data to the "local" devices they have in
front of them.
The computers
that do all this
important
work are
typically
located in
faraway places
that users
don't actually
see or can't
physically
access—which is why some people call these computers "remote computers." More and more,
people rely on remote computers when performing tasks they might otherwise perform on their
local devices. For example, they may use online word processing, email management, and image
editing software that they don't install and run on their personal computers. Instead, they simply
access these programs on remote computers by using a Web browser or mobile phone
application. When they do this, they're engaged in "remote computing." Some people call remote
computing "cloud computing," because it involves activities (like storing files, sharing photos, or
watching videos) that incorporate not only local devices but also a global network of remote
computers that form an "atmosphere" around them.

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Cloud computing is an increasingly important aspect of everyday life with Internet-connected
devices. Some cloud computing applications, like Google Apps, are proprietary. Others,
like ownCloud and Nextcloud, are open source. Cloud computing applications run "on top" of
additional software that helps them operate smoothly and efficiently, so people will often say
that software running "underneath" cloud computing applications acts as a "platform" for those
applications. Cloud computing platforms can be open source or closed source. OpenStack is an
example of an open source cloud computing platform.

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 CHAPTER- 3

CONCLUSION

At last I want to conclude that OSS or Open source software is a great software as it is easy to
modify and can easily handle bugs. It also has many features which a cloud software does not
have, even it provides steadiness, stability, security to the computer system.

It is not only for the use of developers and programmers but it is also proved beneficial for the
lay men, in doing their day to day activities and some hardcore multi-threading activities or
AAA-titled activities.

I tried my best in making this project my PC Specs are:-

1) CPU- AMD Ryzen 3600

2) Motherboard- Aorus B450 Pro Wi-Fi
3) RAM- Corsair Vengeance LPX DDR4, 16 GB dual channel memory
4) GPU- Nvdia Gefore GTX 1660 Ti
5) HDD- Seagate Barracuda 1 TB
6) SSD- Kingston 240 GB
7) PSU- Cooler master 550W
8) Cabinet- ANT ESPORT ICE 400 TG

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