Will

• Exprima vointa, hotarare I will pay you as much as you ask for.
• Promisiune I will not make such a mistake again.
• Posibilitate, presupunere That girl will be his sister? (Fata ceea o fi
sora lui?)
• Ceva inevitabil (expresii fixe) Children will be children.Accidents will
happen(accidentele sunt inevitabile)
• Inlocuieste prezentul simplu pentru actiune obisnuita, repetata I
always drink milk in the morning=I will drink milk in the morning
• Invitatie, cerere politicoasa Will you come and...?( Vrei sa...?)

Shall
• Hotarare The enemy shall not pass.
• Promisiune If you get a good mark you shall have a present.
• Refuz, insistenta, amenintare He shall pay for insulting my daughter.
• Exprima o interdictie in acte oficiale All the candidats shall not
bring(may not) the dictionaries into the examination room.
• Oferta, sugestie Shall I help you?

NOTA: What about going to the cinema? ⇔ Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?

Can
• Abilitate fizica si intelectuala la prezent si viitor
• Exprima o continuitate alaturi de verbele de perceptie
• Exprima o permisiune (informal English)
• Exprima o posibilitate atunci cand imprejurarile o permit If you
come in my town we can swim (I have a swimming pool)
• Exprima o imposibilitate, neincredere: cu acest inteles can poate fi
urmat de un infinitiv prezent(pentru actiune simultana) sau infinitiv
perfect (pentru actiune anterioara )

Nu se poate/este imposibil sa faca o He can’t make such a mistake

asemenea greseala

Nu se poate sa fi facut o asemenea He can’t have made such a mistake

greseala
 • Exprima o cerere politicoasa Can I help you?

Could
• Abilitate fizica si intelectuala la trecut.Cu acest inteles can/could
poate fi inlocuit cu echivalentul.Dar cand intelesul este de to succid
in, to manage, to achieve-se foloseste numai echivalentul, dar nu si la
negativ
• Cerere politicoasa, mai politicoasa deca can Could I help you?

May
• Exprima o permisiune(formal english).Cu acest inteles el poate fi
inlocuit cu echivalentul → to be allowed to; to be permited to
• Exprima o posibilitate.Cu acest inteles el poate fi inlocuit cu it is
possible/maybe/perhaps

It is possible for you to know her

Poate ca o cunosti Maybe/perhaps you know her

You may hnow her

May+infinitiv continuu=posibilitatea unei actiuni in momentul vorbirii → Ex:

She may be sleeping now.

May+infinitiv perfect=posibilitatea unei actiuni in trecut → Ex: She may have

lost the key.

• Exprima o urare, speranta May all your dreams come true! sau May
good luck attend you!
• In propozitia concesiva dupa: whatever, whenever, whereever,
whoever, thought, althought, no matter how No matter how much money
you have don’t spend it in one day1
• In completiva directa dupa to hope, to trust: I hope that you may find
tickets.
• In propozitia de scop dupa so that: I sit on the first row so that I may
see and hear well
 Might
• Exprima o permisiune la trecut
• Exprima o posibilitate in prezent, viitor si trecut (o posibilitate mai
indepartata)

Might+infinitiv continuu=posibilitatea indepartata a unei actiuni in momentul

vorbirii

Might+infinitiv perfect=posibilitatea indeparata a unei actiuni in trecut

• Exprima indignare, iritare, repros You might look in to my eyes when

I’m talking to you.
• In propozitia concesiva dupa: whatever, whenever, whereever,
whoever, thought, althought, no matter how
• In completiva directa dupa to hope, to trust
• In propozitia de scop dupa so that

Must
• Exprima obligatie, comanda, necesitate.Cu acest inteles el poate fi
inlocuit cu echivalentul to have to

Must=obligatie impusa de vorbitor(regula)

Have to=obligatie externa impusa de autoritati sau imprejurari externe pe care

vorbitorul nu le poate controla

Don’t have to

Haven’t got to Lipsa de obligatie

Needn’t

Must not Interdictie, prohibitie (regula)

• Eprima deductie, concluzie logica, probabilitate

NOTA: cand must exprima probabilitate el poate fi inlocuit cu:

I’m sure/certain/positive
 Certain/obviously

It’s likely/probable

Is likely

Need
A.verb notional, obisnuit= to be need of (dupa care apare un pronume,
substantiv, verb la gerunziu sau infinitiv lung)

Ex: Mother needs a pair of shoes.The windows need washing.

B.Verb modal auxiliar=to have to apare mai mult in interogativ si negativ;

poate sa apara si in afirmativ alaturi de never, hardly, barely

Ex: She need hardly mention her name, since I know it.

Diferenta dintre prezent si trecut:

Prezent

Do I need...? actiune obisnuita, repetata

Need I...? ocazie speciala

Trecut

Didn’t need to... actiune care nu a fost necesara

si nu a fost facuta

Needn’t have+V (forma a III a) actiune care nu a fost necesara,

dar a fost facuta

Should
• Exprima obligatie, sfat, recomandare(obligatia este mai slaba decat cea
cu must)
• Exprima surpriza in intrebare retorica Ex:Why should I go there?
• Exprima presupunere, deductie logica
 • In completiva directa dupa: to suggest, to propose, to insist, to
recommend, to advise, to urge...that
• In propozitia subiectiva dupa constructii impersonale: it is/was
advisable/essential/better/fair/important/natural/necessary/right..that
• In propozitia de scop dupa: so that, in order that, lest(ca sa nu..., ca sa
nu cumva...), for fear that
• In propozitia conditionala tip I si II (intamplare)
• Dupa verbe de emotie: to feel sory, to be delighted, to be annoyed, to be
shocked
• Dupa: don’t think why, see no reason why, can’t think why

Ought to (ar trebui, s-ar cuveni)

• Exprima o datorie, obligatie morala
• Ought to + Infinitive Perfect= datorie, obligatie neimplinita Ex:You
ought to have waited until the light were green.

NOTA: According to the wheather forecast it ought to rain today.He worked

here for 5 years.→ You ought to know him.

Would
• Exprima o cerere politicoasa

Would you pass...

Would you please...

Would you be so kind...

Would you mind+ V (-ing)

# Would like/care=want

# Would care nu se foloseste in afirmativ

Would rather (arata preferinta) +infinitiv scurt (pentru acelasi subiect)

Would better/had better (mai bine)

Would sooner (mai degraba) +past tense (pentru subiecte diferite)

• Exprima o actiune repetata in trecut si incetata prezent (obisnuiam sa...)

• Diferenta dintre used to si would+infinitiv este ca al doilea se foloseste
narativ
• Apare dupa wish si if only pentru o dorinta in viitor
• Exprima o probabilitate Ex: That girl would be his sister!
• Exprima o vointa la trecut iar la negativ refuz Ex:She had to go there
whether she would or wouldn’t.

Used to
• A nu se confunda cu to use= a folosi
• Used to modal auxiliar cu forma numai de trecut
• Desi e un modal auxiliar formeaza interogativul cu did si negativul cu
did not (formal english)
• A nu se confunda cu: to be/get accustomed to dupa care urmeaza un
substantiv sau un verb la gerunziu Ex:I am not used to drinking tea in
the morning.

Dare
• La afirmativ e un verb notional obisnuit
• La interogativ si negativ el poate fi atat verb modal cat si verb obisnuit
Ex:How dare you contradict me? (modal) I dared her/I challenged him
to run in the street(a provoca)