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  • Splenic v. Portal V.: RD RD

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    arnav15magic
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    The rectum is divided into an upper 1/3rd above the pectinate line derived from the hindgut with simple columnar epithelium, and a lower 2/3rd below the line derived from the proctodeum with stratified squamous epithelium. Key differences between the two regions include the presence of anal valves and columns above the line, and innervation from the visceral nerves above versus somatic nerves below. Cancers also differ by cell type, with adenocarcinoma more common above and squamous cell carcinoma below.

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    pectinate line

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    pectinate line

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    The rectum is divided into an upper 1/3rd above the pectinate line derived from the hindgut with simple columnar epithelium, and a lower 2/3rd below the line derived from the proctodeum with stratified squamous epithelium. Key differences between the two regions include the presence of anal valves and columns above the line, and innervation from the visceral nerves above versus somatic nerves below. Cancers also differ by cell type, with adenocarcinoma more common above and squamous cell carcinoma below.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    6 views1 page

    Splenic v. Portal V.: RD RD

    Uploaded by

    arnav15magic
    The rectum is divided into an upper 1/3rd above the pectinate line derived from the hindgut with simple columnar epithelium, and a lower 2/3rd below the line derived from the proctodeum with stratified squamous epithelium. Key differences between the two regions include the presence of anal valves and columns above the line, and innervation from the visceral nerves above versus somatic nerves below. Cancers also differ by cell type, with adenocarcinoma more common above and squamous cell carcinoma below.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Above pectinate line Below pectinate line

    Part of rectum Upper 1/3rd Lower 2/3rd


    Derived from (embryologic) Hindgut (endoderm) Proctodeum (ectoderm)
    Epithelium Simple columnar Stratified non-keratinized
    squamous (below white line of
    Hilton it becomes keratinized)
    Anal valves, Anal columns Present Absent
    Arterial supply Superior rectal artery (branch Inferior rectal artery (branch of
    of IMA) internal pudendal, derived
    from internal iliac a.)
    Venous supply Superior rectal vein → IMV → Inferior rectal vein → internal
    splenic v. → portal v. pudendal v. → internal iliac v.
    → common iliac v. → IVC
    Hemorrhoids in portal Yes (internal haemorrhoids) No (external haemorrhoids)
    hypertension?
    Painful/painless hemorrhoids Painless Painful if thrombosed
    Nerve supply Visceral Somatic (inferior rectal branch
    of pudendal n.)
    Lymphatic drainage To internal iliac nodes! (even To superficial inguinal nodes
    though blood supply is not via
    internal iliac!)
    Type of anal cell CA Adenocarcinoma (less Squamous cell CA (more
    common) common)

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