CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

One type of electromagnetic radiation is called Microwave. It is categorized as a line-of-

sight wireless communication wherein it utilizes high frequency beams of radio waves that

provides high speed wireless connections that can send and receive types of information like

voice, video, and data. Microwave has frequencies ranging from about 1 GHz up to about 300

GHz or more, due to its high frequency range its relative wavelength is short that is measured less

than 30 cm. It has a range of applications including communications, radars, and commonly

known for cooking.

Microwaves links are widely used for point-to-point communications because of

its small wavelength that allows conveniently-sized antennas to direct them in narrow

beams and can be directly pointed at the receiving antenna.

A studio-transmitter link (or STL) it is a special type of equipment used widely by

broadcasting industry. It works to send audio and video signals from the broadcasting

base or the studio to another transmitter that can be several kilometers away distributing

it to subscribers.

Establishing a studio transmitter is very important due to the varying topography

of the areas, radio or television signal transmission works best on elevated grounds such

as mountain tops however studio transmitter cannot be set on mountains. Therefore, a

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transmitter serves as a relay to transmit signal from the studio to the highest point where

the antenna is located this makes it easier for the broadcasting companies to stretch and

reach the individual subscriber efficiently.

B. Objectives

 To design a long haul microwave link system that would ensure a line-of-sight

propagation between San Pablo, Laguna to Candelaria, Quezon to Rosario, Batangas.

 To transmit signals with a 10.50 GHz<x<13.00 GHz frequency range that is capable to

facilitate a television distribution link between the proposed sites.

 To achieve a system’s reliability of 99.995% or better.

C. Scope and Limitations

This section tackles the scopes and limitations of the microwave design link. It

categorized the range and constraints of the microwave system that is useful for students,

researchers, broadcasting companies, readers of the paper and the people covered by the vicinity

of the design.
The scopes of the proposed design are focused on:
 The microwave design link that is entailing one transmitter, one receiver and one

repeater.
 The operating frequency of 10.50 GHz -13.00 GHz for the design.
 The specified distance between tower sites of each hop should always be greater than 25

km.
The limitations of the proposed design are as follows:
 The system is comprised of only one repeater.
 The microwave link design is to be used for tv broadcasting only.
 The design is limited to the cities of Quezon, Laguna, and Batangas only.
Company Profile

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 QIPIVI is the leading provider of broadcasting services that delivers signal transmission

from the studio to the transmitter and to their subscribers all over the Philippines. Over the years,

the company has continually generated great revenues leading to further aim of expanding and

enhancing its coverage in the country. The most recently proposed project being considered is the

design and installation of a studio-to-transmitter link from San Pablo, Laguna to Candelaria,

Quezon to Rosario, Batangas