!

"
 #$
µ σ %

&
'% '
( #

P( X ≤ a)
P ( a ≤ X ≤ b)
 )!*+"

X → N (µ ,σ )
Z → N (0,1)
a−µ
P( X ≤ a) = P Z ≤
σ
 )!*+"

X → N (10,3)
Z → N (0,1)
11.3 − 10
P ( X ≤ 11.3) = P Z ≤ = P( Z ≤ 0.43)
3

)!*+"
 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0 0.5 0.504 0.508 0.512 0.516 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.591 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.648 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.67 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.695 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.719 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.758 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.791 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.834 0.8365 0.8389

1. 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.877 0.879 0.881 0.883
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.898 0.8997 0.9015
0.43 = 0.4 + 0.03 1.3
1.4
0.9032
0.9192
0.9049
0.9207
0.9066
0.9222
0.9082
0.9236
0.9099
0.9251
0.9115
0.9265
0.9131
0.9279
0.9147
0.9292
0.9162
0.9306
0.9177
0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.937 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
P( Z ≤ 0.43) = 0.6664 1.6
1.7
0.9452
0.9554
0.9463
0.9564
0.9474
0.9573
0.9484
0.9582
0.9495
0.9591
0.9505
0.9599
0.9515
0.9608
0.9525
0.9616
0.9535
0.9625
0.9545
0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.975 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767

2. 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.983 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.985 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.989
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.992 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.994 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.996 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.997 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.998 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986

3. 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.999 0.999
3.1 0.999 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993
3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995
3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997
3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998
3.5 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998
3.6 0.9998 0.9998 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
3.7 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
3.8 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
3.9 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
4. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
$,
)!*+"
$, α: P( Z ≤ zα ) = α

zα = − z1−α Por ejemplo : z0.05 = − z0.95

P( Z ≤ −a) = P( Z > a)
P( Z ≤ −a) = 1 − P( Z ≤ a)
-
. ,
, !/0 "
&1 )!2+3"
%4
, 5/0 '
7−5
P ( X ≤ 7) = P Z ≤ = P ( Z ≤ 1.67) = 0.9525 → 95.25%
1.2
%4
, 6/0 '
4−5
P ( X ≤ 4) = P Z ≤ = P ( Z ≤ −0.83) =
1 .2
= 1 − P ( Z ≤ 0.83) = 1 − 0.7967 → 20.33%
.7 & !
"
P ( a ≤ X ≤ b) = P ( X ≤ b) − P ( X ≤ a )

)!µ,σ"

P ( a ≤ X ≤ b ) = P ( X ≤ b) − P ( X ≤ a ) =
b−µ a−µ
P Z≤ −P Z ≤
σ σ
.

X → N (100,3)
P(99 ≤ X ≤ 102) = P( X ≤ 102) − P ( X ≤ 99) =
102 − 100 99 − 100
P Z≤ −P Z ≤ =
3 3
P(Z ≤ 0.67 ) − P(Z ≤ −0.33) =
P(Z ≤ 0.67 ) − (1 − P(Z ≤ 0.33)) =
0.7486 − (1 − 0.6293) = 0.3779
! "
. ! "α x
#
P( X ≤ x) = α

)!µ,σ"
xα − µ
P( X ≤ xα ) = α → P Z ≤ =α
σ
Por definición :P( Z ≤ zα ) = α
xα − µ
Por lo tanto : = zα → xα = µ + zα σ
σ
. # *8 )!+**2"

xα − 100
P( X ≤ xα ) = 0.8 → P Z ≤ = 0 .8
5
Por definición :P( Z ≤ z0.8 ) = 0.8
En las tablas encontramos :z0.8 ≈ 0.84
xα − 100
Por lo tanto : = 0.84 → xα = 100 + 0.84 × 5 = 104.2
5
- #/ 8*9
:& , +*63
- ,
%. )!µ,σ"
!+;α"9
'
a−µ b−µ
P(a ≤ X ≤ b) = (1 − α ) = P ≤Z≤
σ σ
Teniendo en cuenta las propiedades de la N(0,1) :
P( zα / 2 ≤ Z ≤ z1−α / 2 ) = (1 − α )
Por lo tanto :
a = µ + zα / 2σ = µ − z1−α / 2σ
b = µ + z1−α / 2σ Intervalo de referencia (1 - α )
µ ± z1−α / 2σ
- ,
$
& ,

!+;α" !+;α/2" !+;α/2) -

*<< *<<2 325 µ=325σ

*<2 *<52 +<> µ=+<>σ

*<* *<2* +>6 µ=+>6σ

- ,
.

)!+*3 ?6"
, <29
(1 − α ) = 0.95 → α = 0.05 → 1 − α / 2 = 0.975
z1−α / 2 = 1.96
Intervalo de referencia 95%
µ ± z0.975σ → 102 ± 1.96 × 3.4 → 102 ± 6.66
(95.34, 108.66)
#. <29

<2?6 +*8>>
@

• X → N (µ ,σ )
x−µ
• P( X ≤ x) = P Z ≤
σ
• P ( Z ≤ zα ) = α
• P ( X ≤ xα ) = α → xα = µ + zα σ
a = µ − z1−α / 2σ
• P (a ≤ X ≤ b) = (1 − α ) →
b = µ + z1−α / 2σ