Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies

Vivekananda School of Business Studies

Format of
MAJOR PROJECT REPORT
Course Code: BBA 310/ BBA (B&I) 314/ BCOM 310

(With general guidelines on how to write a Project Report)

For the students of BBA/B.COM/B&I – VI Semester

 Consult your project guide regularly.

 Whenever necessary, carry out the changes suggested by your guide and then proceed for next step.
 Do take signatures of your project guide as required on your progress report sheet.
 Work regularly with commitment and ensure that Project Report Activity Completion Schedule is
strictly followed to avoid any last minute’s hustle.
 For any query contact your respective Project Guide/ Class Co-coordinator.

 The Project Report shall Carry 100 marks. It shall be evaluated for 50 marks by an External
Examiner to be appointed by the University and for the rest of the 50 marks by an Internal Board of
Examiners to be appointed by the Director / Principal of the Institution. This internal Board of
Examiners shall comprise of a minimum of two Internal Faculty Members.
 Vivekananda School of Business Studies

PROJECT DISSERTATION REPORT SCHEDULE

For BBA, BBA(B&I) and B Com - VI Semester
S. Schedule
No. Timeline

1 24th Jan – 30th Jan, 2019 Submission of Project Titles; Finalization of titles &
Discussion of guidelines with students.
3 4th Feb – 8th Feb, 2019 Chapter I-Introduction with Objective of the Study

5 14th Jan – 18th Feb, 2019 Chapter II- Literature Review Based on Objectives and Precise
Identification and Definition of the Research Problem
Chapter III - Research Methodology Based on Research Problem
6 18th Feb – 28th Feb 2019 Chapter IV- Clear definition of Population, Sample, Data
Collection Tools, Design of Questionnaire, Pilot Study
8 7th March – 11th March, 2019 Chapter V- Data Analysis Tools, Findings & Suggestions
Chapter VI –Conclusions
9 21st March -25th March, 2019 Submission of first draft in soft copy to faculty

10 25th March - 30th March Correction in the reports and Submission of final soft copy
2019 followed by hard copy spiral bound
11 1 April -3rd April, 2019
st
Internal Viva & Presentation

12 5th April -7th April 2019 Submission of Hardbound report

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Each student is required to carry out the work and submit the report individually. The project needs the
student to collect data, preferably primary data and analyze the data using different tools.
Project report should be written to showcase the application of theories learned during three years of
graduation. It may be noted there is no restriction on selecting any functional area.
OBJECTIVES

1. Understanding practical aspects of the theoretical concepts taught in the class.

2. Gain a first-hand experience of handling practical research activity with empirical data collection and
analysis.
3. Develop technical skills on a specific topic which is the area of research.
4. Develop writing skills for a good report and verbal skills to present the report.
 GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT REPORT

The Guidelines for carrying out the Project Report (PRVV) is given in the following paragraphs. Each
student has to compile his/her study in seven chapters as detailed below:

Chapter I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction: The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the reader with an overview of the
research study and the key factors which were crucial for the study. The introductory chapter should
normally commence with few paragraphs that summarize briefly the objective, purpose, scope and
limitation of the study. The introduction will also introduce important facts about the nature of business and
industry to which the study belongs. It also must contain a description of the research methodology and the
population and sample under study. Lastly it must contain the actual practical use of the research conducted.

1.2 Objectives of the Study: Project objectives should clearly identify the specific outcomes/ results of
the project. They should be expressed in a clear, precise and accurate sentence. These objectives have to
be aligned with at least one concept discussed in the class and at least one actual product and process
outcome taking place inside the organisation. Basically objectives begin with verb like:
To explore,
To analyse,
To examine,
To investigate
To study etc.

1.3 Scope of the Study: The scope of the study refers to cover all the aspects that would be studied during
the project. This serves as the reminder to the researcher that his method of investigation is focused
towards the identified objectives, within the limited scope.
The scope of study should clearly mention the activities that will be actually performed during the study. It
should include the period of study, the functional area (HR, Finance and Marketing), vol um e of work,
population targeted and sample used during the study.
1.4 Industry/Company/Product/Process Detail: This includes one or two pages on the field of research,
industry, company and its business processes. In case the research is done in a company, it may include 3C
Analysis on Customer, Competitor and Company.
1.5 Limitations of the Study:
This section should be a thoughtful presentation of problems / constraints encountered during the process
of research. Every research study has limitations which need to be identified and included in the analysis
and result presentation. The study may have completely different conclusions and results after
considering limitations of the study.
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The principal purpose of the literature review is to study the past researches in the areas under
consideration for research. All past studies which are of relevance to the subject of the research must be
studied to have a greater in-depth understanding of the area of research. Literature review will thus assist
students to become aware of the types of studies that have been done in the field of study and thus give
them an insight of the processes that may be adopted for research. This also helps them identify research
gaps which may be attempted to be filled through this research.
The purpose of a literature review is to:

 Place each work in the context of its contribution to understanding the research problem being
studied.
 Reveal any gaps that exist in the studies analyzed through literature review.
 Identify need for additional research.
 Design research within the context of existing literature [very important].
 Make students aware that they are able to identify new ways of interpreting prior researches or
attempt to make an empirical extension of the existing similar researches: Students can review
the previous researches and provide an overall new perspective to it. This will enable them to
give a new dimension to already stated research problem or objectives in existing researches.
 Motivate students to focus on an unexplored area with specific objective to be achieved. An
overall new area of research can also be explored. In such cases there may not exist extensive
literature so students need to search for related studies and accordingly quote their relevance for
current study.
 Extend and integrate earlier studies in same and related fields: Study can also be an extension
to already existing studies. In such cases a researcher must have an exhaustive view of existing
literature and carefully analyze the research gap to ensure reliability and validity of study.

All the above can be achieved only after reading extensive literature in the form of published research
articles and write-ups etc. Hence literature review becomes the most critical component determining the
validity and reliability of their study.
A literature review surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular issue,
area of research, or theory, and by so doing, provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of
these works in relation to the research problem being investigated.
Internet is very useful source for providing access to original articles, journals or other original writings
by noted academicians which are otherwise difficult to locate. Students can access various online
databases/ platforms to extract information on their area of research.

CHAPTER-III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The term methodology is used in a general sense to refer to both theoretical and practical aspects of the
conduct of the research. This chapter should involve the following:
Research Design: A research design is a broad plan that states objectives of research project and provides
the guidelines on what has to be done to apprehend those objectives. It is, in other words, a master plan for
executing a research project.
The most common aspects involved in research design include the following:
1. Statement of research objectives i.e. why the research project is to be conducted.
2. Type of data needed.
3. Definition of population and sampling procedures to be followed.
4. Methods, ways and procedures used for collection of data.
5. Data analysis tools or methods used to analyse data.
6. Reporting of results and findings of the data analysis.

Research designs are categorized broadly into two categories exploratory research design and conclusive
research design. Conclusive research design is further divided into descriptive and causal/ experimental
research design. The suitability of a research design for a specific research depends on nature of the
problem, method of data collection and analysis. The details of types of research designs are as follows:

 Exploratory Research Design

Exploratory research is when the researcher is seeking insights into the general nature of the problem and
possible decision alternatives for which he uses highly flexible, unstructured, and qualitative methods.
Exploratory research design is characterized by flexibility to gain insights and develop hypotheses. It does
not follow a planned questionnaire or sampling. It is based on literature survey, experimental survey, and
analysis of selected cases. Unstructured interviews are used to offer respondents a great deal of freedom.
No research project is purely and solely based on this design. It is used as complementary design to
descriptive design and causal design.

 Conclusive Research Design

Conclusive research design, as the name implies, is applied to generate findings that are practically useful
in reaching conclusions or decision-making. In this type of studies research objectives and data
requirements need to be clearly defined. Findings of conclusive studies usually have specific uses.
Conclusive research design provides a way to verify and quantify findings of exploratory studies. It
usually involves application of quantitative methods of data collection and data analysis. Moreover,
conclusive studies tend to be deductive in nature and research objectives in these types of studies are
achieved by testing hypotheses. Conclusive research design is further categorized into descriptive research
design and Causal or Experimental Research Design.

Descriptive Research Design

Descriptive research design is typically concerned with describing problem and its solution. It is
more specific and purposive study. Before rigorous attempts are made for descriptive study, the
well-defined problem must be on hand. Descriptive study rests on one or more hypotheses.
Descriptive research requires clear specification of who, why, what, when, where, and how of the
research. Descriptive design is directed to answer these problems.

Causal or Experimental Research Design

Causal research design deals with determining cause and effect relationship. It is typically in form
of experiment. In causal research design, attempt is made to measure impact of manipulation on
independent variables (like price, products, advertising and selling efforts or marketing strategies in
general) on dependent variables (like sales volume, profits, and brand image and brand loyalty). It
has more practical value in resolving marketing problems.
Test marketing is the most suitable example of experimental marketing in which the independent
variable like price, product, promotional efforts, etc., are manipulated (changed) to measure its
impact on the dependent variables, such as sales, profits, brand loyalty, competitive strengths
product differentiation and so on.

Data Collection Tools:

There are two types of data – primary and secondary. Primary data is a type of data which never existed
before; hence it was not previously published. Primary data is collected for a specific purpose, i.e. they are
critically analyzed to find answers to research question(s). Secondary data, on the other hand, refers to a
type of data that has been previously published in journals, magazines, newspapers, books, online portals
and other sources.

Studies can be based solely on the secondary data, without a need for the primary data. However, the
opposite is not true i.e. no research can be completed only using primary data and secondary data
collection and analysis is compulsory for all dissertations.
Primary data collection methods can be divided into two categories: Qualitative and Quantitative.

The main differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods can be summarized in the
following points:
Firstly, the concepts in quantitative research methods are usually expressed in the forms of variables, while
the concepts in qualitative research methods are expressed in motives and generalizations.

Secondly, quantitative research methods and measures are usually universal, like formulas for finding
mean, median and mode for a set of data, whereas, in qualitative research each research is approached
individually and individual measures are developed to interpret the primary data taking into account the
unique characteristics of the research.

Thirdly, data in quantitative research appears in the forms of numbers and specific measurements and in
qualitative research data can be in forms of words, images, transcripts, etc.

Fourthly, research findings in quantitative research can be illustrated in the forms of tables, graphs and pie-
charts, whereas, research findings in qualitative studies is usually presented in analysis by only using
words.

Depending upon the type of study and underlying objectives, tool for data collection are analyzed and
selected. For example, in qualitative research, interviews, focus groups, experiments etc are conducted to
collect the data.

Sampling Procedure

The theory of sampling is as follows:

1. Researchers want to gather information about a whole group of people (the population).
2. Researchers can only observe a part of the population (the sample).
3. The findings from the sample are generalized, or extended, back to the population.

Sampling is a principle that specifies the conditions and guides the process of selecting the members of
population to participate in the study and to contribute as sources for primary data. The choice of sampling
method determines the accuracy of research findings, reliability and validity of the study and has immense
implications on the overall quality of the study.

Sampling Methods can be classified into one of two categories:

Non-probability Sampling: Sample does not have known probability of being selected as in convenience
or voluntary response surveys.
Probability Sampling
In probability sampling it is possible to both determine which sampling units belong to which sample and
the probability that each sample will be selected.

CHAPTER IV: DATA COLLECTION

This part of research describes the specifics of gathering the data. There are many methods for collecting
data- in some cases it will already be recorded (secondary data) and in other cases, researcher need to
construct a test, survey or other instrument to obtain information (Primary data).
Designing of a questionnaire must be taught to students especially with reference to the types of data that
may be collected through the questionnaire. Students must be made aware of reliability and validity of the
questionnaire and the variables that may get identified and analyzed through the questionnaire.

CHAPTER V: DATA ANALYSIS

This chapter presents the complete analysis of collected data in order to extract information in the form of
interpretations. It analyses each section of data using analytical and logical methods and present results in
the form of appropriate interpretations.
Students must be made aware of different techniques used for analyzing different data types. Data could be
both quantitative and qualitative depending on the type of questions asked in the questionnaire. Interviews
generally lead to qualitative data and statistical data gives quantitative data. In qualitative researches using
interviews, focus groups, experiments etc. data analysis is going to involve identifying common patterns
within the responses and critically analyzing them in order to achieve research aims and objectives.
Data analysis for quantitative studies, on the other hand, involves critical analysis and interpretation of
figures and numbers, and attempts to find rationale behind the emergence of main findings. Comparisons
of primary research findings to the findings of the literature review are critically important for both types
of studies – qualitative and quantitative.

Data Analysis techniques include the use of statistical packages and other softwares to be taught to
students to make them aware of the utility of these softwares in deciphering the meaning of the results of
the analysis technique used.

CHAPTER VI: FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

Once the data analysis is over the researcher must know how to use the results for finding solutions to the
problems identified in the beginning. These findings are limited by the population and the sampling
technique. Students must be able to identify future researches needed to further the study and thus scope of
future research may also get identified after analyzing the results of the study.

CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSION

The conclusions/ recommendations are the most important part of the project/ research that is of interest to
the reader. These are to be sustained by the study done during the project period through analysis and
interpretation of the gathered data. This also includes the scope for future studies along with theoretical
and practical implications.

REFERENCES: Referencing should be in APA style (Refer Attachment_2). Listing of references should
be typed 4 spaces below the heading “REFERENCES” in alphabetical order in single spacing left –
justified. The reference material should be listed in the alphabetical order of the first author. The name of
the author/authors should be immediately followed by the year and other details.

APPENDICES: Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which is included in the
main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme.
 Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix 1, Appendix II, etc. 10
 Appendices, Tables and References appearing in appendices should be numbered and referred to at
appropriate places just as in the case of chapters.
 Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title shall be made in the
contents page also.
Example
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B

The format of Contents is as follows:

CONTENTS
Topic Page No
Student declaration -

Certificate from Guide -

Executive Summary -
Chapter 1: Introduction -
Chapter 2: Review Of Literature -
Chapter 3: Research Methodology

Chapter 4 : Data Collection

Chapter 5: Data Analysis
Chapter
Chapter Iv: Data Collection
6: Findings
CHAPTER 7: Conclusions And Suggestions
Chapter Iv: Data Collection
References/Bibliography
Appendices
Chapter Iv: Data Collection
Glossary
 Specifications of PRVV

Following aspects must be adhered to as given in while compiling the body of report.

(a) Page Size: Good quality white A4 size executive bond paper should be used for typing and
duplication.

(b) Page Specifications

(i) Left Margin :1.25inch
(ii) Right Margin :1.25inch
(iii) Top Margin :1inch
(iv) Bottom Margin :1inch

(c) Page Numbers: All text pages starting from Body of the Project Report as well as program
source code listings should be numbered at the bottom center of the pages.

(d) Normal Body Text

(i) Font Size: 12, Times New Roman, 1.5 Spacing, Single Side Writing.
(ii) Paragraphs Heading Font Size: 12,TimesNew Roman, Bold
(iii) Page/Title Font Size: 14

Table and Figure Number: Table and figure numbers are to be written at the bottom of the
(e)
table / figure
(g) Binding & Color Code of the Report

(i) Hard Bound Report

(ii) Back ground of the cover page–Black
(iii) Color of Letters: Golden
 PROJECT REPORT

ON

(Title of the project report in CAPITAL) (SIZE-18, Bold)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor Of Business Administration
(Size 14, bold)

Under The Guidance of

Name of The Faculty (Size 14)

Faculty, VIPS (Size 14)

Submitted By:

(Name Of The Student In Capital, Bold, Size 14)

Enrollment No____
Batch No. 2016-2019
(Course SEM__Section)

Vivekananda School of Business Studies

Vivekananda Institute of Professional studies
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University,
Delhi
 STUDENT DECLARATION

This is to certify that I have completed the Project titled”(title of the project)” under the

guidance of “(name of the faculty guide)” in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

award of degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) at Vivekananda Institute of

Professional Studies, Vivekananda School of Business Studies, New Delhi. This is an

original piece of work and has not been submitted elsewhere.

STUDENT NAME

STUDENT SIGNATURE

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 Certificate from Guide

This is to certify that the Project titled “________________” is an academic work done by
“________________________” submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of the Degree of Course Name from Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies.
It has been completed under the guidance of Dr./ Mr. /Ms. _______________ (Faculty
Guide). The authenticity of the project work will be examined by the viva examiner which
includes data verification, checking duplicity of information etc. and it may be rejected due to
non fulfillment of quality standards set by the Institute.

Signature of the Faculty Guide .

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
(For Example Only)
(Only brief summary of Project Report)

Executive summary should include the below mentioned steps in paragraph form:
1. Overview and purpose of the project
2. Planning of the project
3. Outline of the Research methodology
4. Population and sampling techniques
5. Techniques used for data analysis
6. Findings of the study
7. Conclusion and suggestions

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