RIGHT UPPER
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Duodenum
• Head of the pancreas
• Right Adrenal gland
• Upper lobe of right kidney
• Hepatic flexure of colon
• Section of ascending colon
• Section of transverse colon
RIGHT LOWER
• Lower lobe of right kidney
• Section of ascending colon
• Right fallopian tube (female)
• Right ovary (female)
• Part of uterus (if enlarged)
• Right spermatic cord (male)
• Cecum
• Appendix
• Right ureter
RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC
• Right lobe of liver
• Gallbladder
• Part of duodenum
• Hepatic flexure of colon
• Upper half of right kidney
• Suprarenal gland
RIGHT ILIUM
• Ascending colon
• Lower half of right kidney
• Part of duodenum and jejunum
RIGHT INGUINAL
• Cecum• Appendix
• Lower end of ileum
• Right ureter
• Right spermatic cord (male)
• Right ovary (female)
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
LEFT UPPER
• Left lower part of liver
• Upper lobe of left kidney
• Splenic flexure of colon
• Section of transverse colon
• Section of descending colon
• Stomach
• Spleen
• Pancreas
• Left Adrenal gland
LEFT LOWER
• Lower lobe of left kidney
• Section of descending colon
• Left spermatic cord (male)
• Part of uterus (if enlarged)
• Sigmoid colon
• Left ureter • Left ovary (female)
• Left fallopian tube (female)
EPIGASTRIC LEFT H
• Aorta • Stomach
• Pyloric end of stomach • Spleen
• Part of duodenum • Tail of pancreas
• Pancreas • Splenic flexure of colon
• Part of liver • Upper half of left kidney
• Suprarenal gland
UMBILICAL LEFT I
• Omentum • Descending colon
• Mesentery • Lower half of left kidney
• Lower part of duodenum • Part of jejunum and ileum
• Part of jejunum and ileum
HYPOGASTRIC LEFT I
• Ileum • Sigmoid colon
• Bladder (if enlarged) • Left ureter
• Uterus (if enlarged) • Left spermatic cord (male)
• Left ovary (female)
 Muscles
 rectus abdominis
 pyramidalis
 external oblique
 internal oblique
 transversus abdominis
Bony Bits
 pubic symphyis/tubercle/crest
 anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
 iliac crest
Other structures
 linea alba
 linea semilunaris
 tendinous intersections
 rectus sheath
 inguinal ligament

 Innervation:
o thoracoabdominal nerves (branches of the VPR of T7-T11): travel
anteroinferiorly between the internal oblique and transverse abdominal
muscles (remember the analogous situation in the thorax). Supplies motor
(to the muscles) and sensory (cutaneous) fibers. Distribution is as follows:
 T7-T9 - superior to umbilicus
 T10 - at level of umbilicus
 T11 (along with subcostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves) -
inferior to umbilicus.
o subcostal nerves (T12): travel anteroinferiorly between the internal
oblique and transverse abdominal muscles (remember the analogous
 situation in the thorax) to innervate the wall inferior to the umbilicus.
Supplies motor (to the muscles) and sensory (cutaneous) fibers.
o iliohypogastric nerves (L1): path is somewhat similar to
thoracoabdominal nerves and subcostal nerves, that is, anteroinferiorly
between the internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles for part of
the way. However, the iliohypogastric nerves and ilioinguinal nerves are
different in that they pierce the internal abdominal oblique at the anterior
superior iliac spine to travel superficial to it and deep to the external
abdominal oblique. Supplies motor (to the muscles) and sensory
(cutaneous) fibers to the wall inferior to the umbilicus.
o ilioinguinal nerves (L1): supplies motor (to the muscles) and sensory
(cutaneous) fibers to the wall

Blood Vessels of the Anterior Abdominal Wall bloopers spoof

Superior epigastric artery

 Arises from the internal thoracic artery , enters the rectus sheath, and descends on the
posterior surface the rectus abdominis.
 Anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery within the rectus abdominis
Inferior epigastric artery

 Arises from the external iliac artery above the inguinal ligament, enters the rectus sheath,
and ascends between the rectus abdominis and the posterior layer of the rectus sheath.
 Anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery, providing collateral circulation between the
subclavian and external iliac arteries.
 Gives rise to the cremasteric artery , which accompanies the spermatic cord.
Deep circumflex iliac artery

 Arises from the external iliac artery and runs laterally along the inguinal ligament and the
iliac crest between the transverse and internal oblique muscles.
 Forms an ascending branch that anastomoses with the musculophrenic artery.
Superficial epigastric arteries

 Arise from the femoral artery and run superiorly toward the umbilicus over the inguinal
ligament.
 Anastomose with branches of the inferior epigastric artery.
Superficial circumflex iliac artery

 Arises from the femoral artery and runs laterally upward, parallel to the inguinal ligament.
 Anastomoses with the deep circumflex iliac and lateral femoral circumflex arteries.
 Superficial (external) pudendal arteries

 Arise from the femoral artery, pierce the cribriform fascia, and run medially to supply the
skin above

Thoracoepigastric veins

 Are longitudinal venous connections between the lateral thoracic vein and the superficial
epigastric vein.
 Provide a collateral route for venous return if a caval or portal obstruction occurs.

INGUINAL REGION MUSCLE

the Tensor fasciae latae, the Rectus femoris, theIliopsoas, and the Pectineus. The mnemonic for
remembering these muscles isTRIP. One way of remembering the mnemonic is to note that the
horizontal line is drawn from lateral to medial in direction of the TRochanter (or through
the Tensor) Into the Pubis. Click the NEXT button below to see a labeled image.