TAREA CIRCUITOS II

Abstract— The following is a compendium of topics presented II. EFFECTIVE VALUE OR RMS VALUE OF A
in the circuit class, this document seeks to demonstrate briefly SENOID WAVE
different principles or basic laws for electrical engineering.
The effective value of a senoid wave is independent of the
I. MAXIMUM POWER phase angle. the general expression for the RMS value of a
First we demostrate the expression for maximum power periodic wave is:
transfer. s
1 T 2
Z
We start from:
Ief = i dt
T 0
Zth = Rth + jXth (1)
For a senoid wave we have:
Zl = Rl + jXl (2)
V th i(t) = ImCos(wt + θ)
I= (3)
Zth + Zl
which period is:
V th 2π
= T =
(Rth + jXth) + (Rl + jXl) w
1 2 then:
P max = |I| Rl (4)
2 s
Z T
1 1 1
1 V th Ief = [ + Cos2 (2wt + 2θ)]dt
= Rl[ ]2 T 0 2 2
2 (Rth + jXth) + (Rl + jXl)
Then: s
Z w
w 2π

∂P 2
|V th| Rl(Xth + Xl) = Im (Im)2 Cos2 (wt + θ)dt
=− =0 2π 0
∂Xl [(Rth + Rl)2 + (Xth + Xl)2 ]2
r
w 2π
⇒ Xl = −Xth = Im [( ) − (0)]
4π w
But also:
∂P Im
= = √
∂Rl 2
|V th|2 [(Rth + Rl)2 + (Xth + Xl)2 − 2Rl(Rth + Rl)] 1
=0 Ief = √ = 0.707
2[(Rth + Rl)2 + (Xth + Rl)2 ]2
2
p
⇒ Rl = (Rth)2 + (Xth + Xl)2
By this Rl = Rth and Xl =- Xth . To obtain the maximun III. POWER TRIANGLE
power transfer:
1 The power triangle is a graphic representation that is
P max = |I|2 Rl
2 commonly used to represent complex power and indicates
1 V th that only two of the three amounts of power (S,P or Q) are
= | |2 RT h required to obtain the third by trigonometric ratios. If the
2 (Rth + jXth) + (Rth − jXth)
triangle is in the first quadrant (θ − φ > 0) then the power
1 |V th|2 factor is delayed and will correspond to an inductive load.
= Rth
2 (2Rth)2 the power factor is advanced if it is located in the fourth
quadrant (θ − φ < 0) and refers to a capacitive load.
|V th|2
⇒ P max =
8Rth
 Im
6









S
Q





6 (θ - φ)- - Re
P
power triangle.

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