PAINTS blowing them through hollow bones, like

today’s airbrushes.
 A substance that is applied as a liquid or
paste, and dries into a solid coating that
 The Egyptians continued the modern
protects or adds color/colour to an object or
advancements, mixing paints with binding
surface to which it has been applied.
agents like egg and began painting on
 Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable, or
plaster.
mastic composition that, after application to
a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid
 Greeks and Romans expanded upon these
film. It is most commonly used to protect,
techniques, to create a painting style not
color, or provide texture to objects.
matched till the Renaissance—when Italian
 Paint can be made or purchased in many
artists made paint with plant oils to create
colors—and in many different types, such as
works of astonishing color and depth that still
watercolor or synthetic. Paint is typically
captivate viewers today.
stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but most
types dry into a solid. TYPES OF PAINTS

Whitewash
HISTORY OF PAINTS
 Humans have been painting to memorialize Whitewash is a low-cost paint made from
their lives since the Stone Age, using mixture of slaked lime or powdered chalk, size and
techniques that endure to this day.
water used for whitening walls (brick walls, concrete
walls, other wall surfaces etc.), woodworks, etc.
 The earliest art supplies we’ve found—
Sometimes pigments like fevicol are also added in it
abalone shells full of ground ochre and
to make the colourful walls.
charcoal—were in the Blombos Cave in South
Africa, and are up to 100,000 years old. But Oil Paint
we haven’t yet found paintings to go with
Oil based paints are slow drying paints which
them.
consist of particles of pigment suspended in a drying

 By 40,000 years ago, tribes in Europe, oil or oil varnish as the basic vehicle ingredient. The

Australia, and Indonesia painted images of commonly available oils are linseed oil, Tung oil,

hunters and herders on cave walls, and had
expanded their palette to include many
colors.
 Pigments for these paints included blood,
sap, berry juices, dried plants and roots, and
many minerals.
poppy oil, nut oil. Oil-based paints contain thinners
like turpentine, naphtha, Methyl ethyl ketone, etc.
Oil-based paints are thicker and harder. They
are also glossy and smoother. They are more durable
and stain resistant. The fumes from the oil- based
paint are the toxic material which is harmful for health
and environment hence less popular choice now

 Iron oxide pigments were highly valued for
their durability, and prehistoric mining trails
around the famous Lascaux Cave in France
suggest that, 25,000 years ago, painters
traveled many miles for these materials.
 Early artists mixed their pigments into paint
using water, saliva, urine, or animal fats. They
then applied them with fingers, brushes, or by
days for painting. They are less flexible as compared
to emulsion paints and hence not suitable for exterior
paints.
Emulsion Paint
Emulsions are defined as a mix of two liquids
that don’t mix well.Two liquids can form different
types of emulsions. As an example, oil and water can
form two type emulsions. The first part is the oil-in-
water emulsion, where the oil is in the dispersed
phase and water is dispersion medium. The second
part is water-in-oil Emulsion, where water is the
dispersed phase and oil is the external phase.
Emulsion Paints are basically water based
paints. Water is used as a solvent in emulsion paint.
Water is a medium where the binder, pigment and
additives are dispersed in molecular form. Binders are
polymers forming a continuous film on the surface.
Binders used in emulsion paints are alkyd resins,
acrylic resin, epoxy, etc. It is used for internal as well
as an external surface coating of the building. They
dry quickly & flexible and hence are suitable for both
external as well as internal surfaces.
Cement Based Paint
Cement-based paints are water based paint
in which cement forms the base. Cement is the main
constituent in cement based paints which is
responsible for the hardness and durability of the
painted surface. Cement paints do not require oil or
other organic matter. Cement Paint can be applied
on the exterior as well as interior walls. It is used for
painting exterior wall surface mainly for preventing
water penetration and reductions of dirt collection. It
is suitable for coating concrete as well as decorating
indoor and outdoor walls.
Enamel Paint
Enamel paints are oil based paints and with a
considerably glossy finish. Enamel Paints consistsof
white lead, zinc white, resinous matter and petroleum
spirit. Enamel paints are more durable and have hard
strong finish. Enamel paints provides excellent
coverage and colour retention. Enamel paints have
hard, glossy and opaque finish. Enamel paints dry
slowly or quickly depending on thinner used.
Distemper Paint
Distemper paints are water based paints. The
major constituents of distemper are chalk, lime, water
and some colouring pigments if necessary.
Distemper Paints are available in powder and paste
form. It is cheaper than other paints. Distemper
paints can be classified as a one type of better white
wash. Distemper paints are used for both interior and
exterior walls.
Bituminous Paint
Bituminous paints are made of asphalt
bitumen or coal tar which dissolved in mineral spirit
or naphtha. Bituminous paints are black in colour but
suitable colouring pigments may be added for the
desired colour. Bituminous Paints are alkaline
resistant hence it is used for under water structure,
weather protecting steelwork, waterproofing, wood,
concrete and potable water tanks. It is also used for
any type of exterior metal work and iron work such
as fire escapes, ladders etc.
Epoxy Paint
Epoxy Paints are made from epoxy resin i.e.
they form binders.Epoxy resins are thermosetting
synthetic resins containing epoxies groups. They are
formed by cross-linking reactions of epoxide groups.
Epoxy paints are finished material. It is used primarily
as a floor covering which forms a hard and shiny
surface upon application. Hence these paints are
used in commercial building, industrial floors
particularly pharmaceutical industry, operation
theatres and garages due to its strength and
resistance to damage. They serve best when joint less
flooring/ bacteria free flooring desired.
Anti-Condensation Paint
Anti-condensation paints are designed to
reduce the formation of condensation of moisture
under intermittently dry and humid conditions.Such
a material normally has a matt textured finish and
frequently contains cork or some other heat
insulating materials as a filler. Condensation of
moisture leads to mould and can damage your walls
which doesn’t look good. It also inhibits the fungal
and mould growth.
Luminous Paint
A paint which glows in the dark because it contains a
substance that emits light for a certain length of time
after exposure to an energy source. Types of
luminous paint listed below.
a) Fluorescent Paint: a large area. White lead is very insoluble in water,
making the paint highly water-resistant with a
Fluorescent paints are made by adding
durable, washable finish.
fluorescent pigments with the largest amount of
resin. The pigments are capable of absorbing energy
from the blue or ultraviolet end of the spectrum and
Metallic Paint
re-emitting it in the form of light in the visible
wavelengths. A paint which consists of flecks of aluminium,
copper, bronze, stainless steel, or other metals which
b) Phosphorescent Paint:
give a film with appearance of metallic appearance.
Phosphorescent Paint contains pigments Such paints are generally used for painting metallic
(phosphorus) which absorb energy at one surface.
wavelength and emit it over a period, in the form of
Rubber Paint
light at a longer wavelength in the visible spectrum.
It differs from a fluorescent paint in that it continues Rubber paint is an emulsion paint having

to glow even after the stimulant is removed.
c) Radioactive ( or self-luminous paint ):
Phosphorescent paint, containing a portion
of radioactive compounds and in such paint, the
phosphorous is permanently activated by absorbing
energy from the bombardment by the radioactive
rays and emits light in the visible spectrum.
They are normally used for road and traffic
signs and sign boards.
Latex Paint
A paint based on pigment and synthetic resin
produced by emulsion polymerization, as the
principal constituent of the binder. The word “latex”
originally refer to the use of rubber in one form or
another as the resin, or solid, in paint. Latex is a white
milky liquid exuding from trees like rubber. They can
be apply on walls and trim, concrete, wood etc.
Lead Paint
chlorinated rubber as its binder or non-volatile
vehicle. They withstand water and other tough
conditions. They are used in boats, swimming pools,
etc. with a long-lasting alternative that won’t wear
down over time. Rubber paint is also one type of latex
paint.
Aluminium Paint
Aluminium paint is a coating material which is
made by a mixture of oil varnish and aluminium
pigment in the form of thin flakes which overlap in
the paint film and which reflects the sun’s radiation
well and retains the heat in hot-air or hot-water pipes
or tanks. The resin helps the paint to flow, and gives
it strength and durability, while the aluminium flakes
give the paint a shiny, metallic finish. This type of
paint generally has a silvery finish, and many
manufacturers only produce one shade of
aluminium-based paint. They are used to paint a
variety of materials, including metals, wood, and
masonry.

The term applies to any paint, paste, Textured Paint

stopping, filling or other material used in painting,
Texture paint consists of coarse grains (such
which contains more than 5 percent lead as lead
as gypsum, sand, etc.) metal, ribbon, lace, leather,
oxide (PbO), in its pigment when determined by a
etc. with the water-thinned binder used for creating
certain defined method. They are widely used to
a rough pattern effect on a wall. They have become
paint wooden surfaces in home. Other lead
one of the most popular trends in painting as
compounds, vivid yellow lead chromate (PbCrO4) are
different types of styles can be created on the wall.
used as coloured pigments. They give the paint its
They simulate two different sense: Sight and touch.
tint, Lead pigments are highly opaque, so that a
They are often used as an alternative to wallpaper
relatively small amount of the compound can cover
and it is also a great solution to hide uneven and
imperfect wall surfaces.
Silicone Paint
Silicone paint is a special type of coating in
which alkyd resins are modified by adding silicone. It
has excellent durability, toughness, good resistance
to cracking and abrasion resistance caused by severe
temperature changes. It is mostly used
maintenance paints for steel and concrete, exterior
decorative, marine paints, coatings on brass and
aluminium, and as a heat-resistant it is used in
chimneys, ovens, etc.It repels water on masonry
surfaces such as stone and brick. It is also a preferred
choice to prevent corrosion in industrial structure
from harsh corrosive environment. Certain silicone
paints are transparent and hence recommended for
cladding like exposed concrete, brick walls etc.
Zinc-Rich Paint
Zinc-rich paint is made from a suitably high
amount of zinc dust or zinc powder with organic or
inorganic binders. It is mostly applied on top coat on
steel or other metallic surfaces to prevent continuous
risk of corrosion from the harsh environment.
Anti-Corrosive Paint
Anti-corrosive paint is a composition of
corrosion resistant pigments such as zinc chromate,
lead chromate or red lead. It protects the metal
components against degradation due to moisture,
salt spray, oxidation or exposure to a various
environmental and industrial chemical. This type of
paint is mostly applied on iron or steel products.
Fungicidal Paint
A paint which discourages growth of fungi on
its dry applied film. The fungicidal properties are
normally conferred by the addition of special
additives; although certain pigments, such as zinc
oxide, commonly used in paints may themselves
contribute the fungicidal properties of the paint.
FINISHES
 High Gloss
The most durable and easiest to clean of all paint
sheens, high-gloss paint is hard, ultra-shiny, and
light-reflecting. Think appliance-paint tough.
High gloss is a good choice for area that sticky
fingers touch -- cabinets, trim, and doors. High-gloss,
however, is too much shine for interior walls. And like
a Spandex dress, high gloss shows every bump and
roll, so don’t skimp on prep work.
in
Practical application: kitchens, door, and window trim
Durability: very high
 Semi-Gloss
Good for rooms where moisture, drips, and
grease stains challenge walls. Also great for trim work
that takes a lot of abuse.
Practical application: kitchens, bathrooms, trim, chair
rails
Durability: high
 Satin
Has a yummy luster that, despite the name, is
often described as velvety. It’s easy to clean, making
it excellent for high-traffic areas. Its biggest flaw is it
reveals application flaws, such as roller or brush
strokes. Touch-ups later can be tricky.
Practical application: family rooms, foyers, hallways,
kids' bedrooms
Durability: high
 Eggshell
Between satin and flat on the sheen (and
durability) scale is eggshell, so named because it’s
essentially a flat (no-shine) finish with little luster, like
a chicken’s egg. Eggshell covers wall imperfections
well and is a great finish for gathering spaces that
don’t get a lot of bumps and scuffs.
Practical application: dining rooms, living rooms
Durability: medium
 Flat or Matte
A friend to walls that have something to hide,
flat/matte soaks up, rather than reflects, light. It has
the most pigment and will provide the most
coverage, which translates to time and money
savings. However, it’s tough to clean without taking
paint off with the grime.

Practical application: adults' bedrooms and other

interior rooms that won’t be roughed up by kids

Durability: medium-low