A Project On

WINDOWS

[Submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for B.A.LL.b (Hons.) 5 year

integrated course]

Session: 2019-20

Submitted On: "19 October 2019"

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Sanjana Meena Mrs. Jyotsna Jain

Roll No. - 89 Assistant Professor

Semester- I Section- B
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 Declaration of Originality

I, Sanjana Meena, hereby declare that this project titled "Windows" is based on the original
research work carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of "Mrs. Jyotsna Jain".
The interpretation put forth is based on my reading and understanding of the original texts. The
books , articles and websites etc. which have been relied upon by me have been duly acknowledged at
the respective places in the text.
For the present project which I am submitting to the university, no degree or diploma has been
conferred on me before, either in this or in any other university.

Date:19\10\2019 Signature
Name: Sanjana Meena
Roll No.- 89
Semester- 1 Section- B

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 CERTIFICATE

Mrs. Jyotsna Jain Date: 19\10\2019

Assistant Professor
University five year law college University of Rajasthan, Jaipur

This is to certify that Sanjana Meena student of semester(I), section(B) of University Five Year
Law college, University of Rajasthan has carried out project title "Windows" under my supervision. It
is an investigation of a minor research project. The student has completed research work in stipulated
time and according to norms prescribed for the purpose.

Supervisor

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have written this project titled, "Windows", under the supervision of, Mrs. Jyotsna
Jain Faculty of University Five Year Law College, University Of Rajasthan, Jaipur. Her
valuable suggestions herein have not only helped me immensely in making this work but also in
developing an analytical approach in this work.
I found no words to express my sense of graduate for Director SANJULA THANVI for
her constant encouragement at every step.
I am extremely grateful to librarian and library staff of the college for the support and
cooperation extended by them from time to time

Sanjana Meena

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research method which I have opted for making this project in a doctrinal method. I alluded
various websites, also I have practical knowledge about the hardware and software of computers,
my practical knowledge play a very significant role in making this project. It tried my best in
making this project.

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 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION
When referring to an operating system, Windows or win is an operating environment created
by Microsoft that provides an interface, known as a GUI (graphical user interface), for
computers. Windows eliminates the need to memorize commands for the command line (MS-
DOS) by using a mouse to navigate through menus, dialog boxes, buttons, tabs, and icons. If you
are using a PC (IBM) computer, you are most likely using a version of Windows. If you are on
an Apple computer, you are using mac-OS.

Microsoft Windows was first introduced with version 1.0 on November 10, 1983. Since its
release, there have been over a dozen versions of Windows. The most current version of
Windows for end users is Windows 10. Before the release of Microsoft Windows, Microsoft
users were used to the single task command line operating system MS-DOS. Because Microsoft
names most of its products with one word, it needed a word that best described its new GUI
operating system. Microsoft chose "Windows" because of the multiple windows that allow
different tasks and programs to be run at the same time. Because you cannot trademark a
common name like "Windows" it is officially known as "Microsoft Windows". The first version
of Microsoft Windows was version 1.0, released in 1985.

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 Windows Services
What are services? By definition, it's a program that runs invisibly in the background. But can't
the same thing be said for a number of programs that run in the background such as anti-virus
programs? Yes, but the real difference is that services load and start running whether or not
anyone logs into the computer, unlike a program that is launched from the Startup Folder under
All Programs.

There are two ways to view Services on your computer. The first is to use the MS Configuration
Utility by typing msconfig.exe in the Run box accessed via the Start Menu, followed by clicking
the Services tab. If you want a quick visual of which items are running or stopped, this is fine,
but the information is limited. The preferred way to make changes to services is to launch
services.msc from the Run option on the Start Menu. The Services window shown below will
open.

Looking at the Services window you can see it has columns for Name, Description, Status,
Startup Type and Log On As. This provides a quick overview of all the services on your

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computer. Detailed information is available by clicking any of the entries. The four captures
below show the property sheet, by tabs, for the Alerter Service.

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Create or Delete A Service in Windows XP

Services are added from the Command Prompt. You need to know the actual service name as
opposed to what Microsoft calls the Display Name. For example, if you wanted to create or
delete the Help and Support service, the name used at the Command Prompt would be "helpsvc"
rather than the Display Name of "Help and Support". The actual service name can be obtained by
typing services.msc in Run on the Start Menu and then double clicking the Display Name of the
service. Once you know the name;

To Create A Service

• Start | Run and type cmd in the Open: line. Click OK.
• Type: sc create <service name>
• Reboot the system

Fig. 01

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To Delete A Service

• Start | Run and type cmd in the Open: line. Click OK.
• Type: sc delete <service name>
• Reboot the system

Fig. 02

If you prefer to work in the registry rather than through the command prompt to delete services;

• Click Start | Run and type regedit in the Open: line. Click OK.
• Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services
• Scroll down the left pane, locate the service name, right click it and select Delete.
• Reboot the system

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 CHAPTER- 2

THE CURRENT WINDOWS (WIN 10)

Windows 10 is a computer operating released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of
operating systems. Officially unveiled in September 2014 following a brief demo at Build 2014,
the operating system entered a public beta testing process in October 2014, leading up to and
continuing through the consumer release of Windows 10 on 29 July 2015, and its release to
volume licensing on 1 August 2015. To encourage its adoption, Microsoft announced that during
its first year of availability, Windows 10 would be made available free of charge to users of
genuine copies of eligible editions of Windows 7 or Windows 8.1.

Windows 10 introduces what Microsoft described as a "universal" application architecture;

expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft
product families with nearly identical code—including PCs, tablets, Smartphone, embedded
systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and HoloLens. Windows 10's user interface was revised to
handle transitions between a mouse-oriented interface and a touch screen-optimized interface
based on available input devices—particularly on laplets; both interfaces include an updated
Start menu that comprises a design similar to Windows 7 with 8's tiles. Windows 10 also
introduces Task View, a virtual desktop system, the Edge web and other new or updated
applications, integrated support for fingerprint and face recognition login, new security features
for enterprise environments, DirectX 12 and WDDM 2.0 to improve the operating system's
graphics capabilities for games.

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 Features

Windows 10 harmonizes the user experience and functionality between different classes of
device, and addresses shortcomings in the user interface that were introduced in Windows 8.
Windows 10 Mobile, the successor to Windows Phone 8.1, shares some user interface elements
and apps with its PC counterpart.

The Windows Runtime app ecosystem was revised into the Universal Windows Platform
(UWP). These universal apps are made to run across multiple platforms and device classes,
including Smartphone, tablets, Xbox One consoles, and other compatible Windows 10 devices.
Windows apps share code across platforms, have responsive designs that adapt to the needs of
the device and available inputs, can synchronize data between Windows 10 devices (including
notifications, credentials, and allowing cross-platform multiplayer for games), and are distributed
through a unified Windows Store. Developers can allow "cross-buys", where purchased licenses
for an app apply to all of the user's compatible devices, rather than only the one they purchased
on (i.e. a user purchasing an app on PC is also entitled to use the Smartphone version at no extra
cost).

On Windows 10, Windows Store serves as a unified storefront for apps, Groove music (formerly
Xbox Music), and Movies & TV (formerly Xbox Video). Windows 10 also allows web apps and
desktop software (using either Win32 or .NET Framework) to be packaged for distribution on
the Windows Store. Desktop software distributed through Windows Store is packaged using the
App-V system to allow sandboxing.

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 User interface and desktop

The "Task View" display is a new feature to Windows 10, allowing the use of multiple
workspaces.

A new iteration of the Start menu is used on the Windows 10 desktop, with a list of places and
other options on the left side, and tiles representing applications on the right. The menu can be
resized, and expanded into a full-screen display, which is the default option in Tablet mode. A
new virtual desktop system known as Task View was added. Clicking the Task View button on
the taskbar or swiping from the left side of the screen displays all open windows and allows
users to switch between them, or switch between multiple workspaces. Windows Store apps,
which previously could be used only in full screen mode, can now be used in self-contained
windows similarly to other programs. Program windows can now be snapped to quadrants of the
screen by dragging them to the corner. When a window is snapped to one side of the screen, the
user is prompted to choose a second window to fill the unused side of the screen (called "Snap
Assist"). Windows' system icons were also changed to a new, minimalist design.

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 System and security

Windows 10 incorporates multi-factor authentication technology based upon standards

developed by the FIDO Alliance. The operating system includes improved support for biometric
authentication through the Windows Hello and Passport platforms; devices with supported
cameras (requiring infrared illumination, such as Intel RealSense) allow users to login with face-
or iris-recognition, similarly to Kinect. Devices with supported readers support fingerprint-
recognition login. Credentials are stored locally and protected using asymmetric encryption. The
Passport platform allows networks, software and websites to authenticate users using either a
PIN or biometric login to verify their identity, without sending a password.

The enterprise version of Windows 10 offers additional security features; administrators can set
up policies for the automatic encryption of sensitive data, and selectively block applications from
accessing encrypted data. Windows 10 also offers Device Guard, a system which allows
administrators to enforce a high security environment by blocking the execution of software that
is not digitally signed by a trusted vendor or Microsoft, with a particular focus on blocking zero-
day exploits. Device Guard runs inside a hypervisor, so that its operation remains separated from
the operating system itself.

To reduce the storage footprint of the operating system, Windows 10 automatically compresses
system files. The system can reduce the storage footprint of Windows by approximately 1.5 GB
for 32-bit systems and 2.6 GB for 64-bit systems. The level of compression used is dependent on
a performance assessment performed during installations or by OEMs, which tests how much
compression can be used without harming operating system performance. Furthermore, the
Refresh and Reset functions use runtime system files instead, making a separate recovery
partition redundant, allowing patches and updates to remain installed following the operation,
and further reducing the amount of space required for Windows 10 by up to 12 GB. These
functions replace the WIMBoot mode introduced on Windows 8.1 Update, which allowed OEMs
to configure low-capacity devices with flash-based storage to use Windows system files out of
the compressed WIM image typically used for installation and recovery. Windows 10 also
includes a function in its Settings app that allows users to view a breakdown of how their

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device's storage capacity is being used by different types of files, and determine whether certain
types of files are saved to internal storage or an SD card by default.

Multimedia and gaming

See also: List of Xbox Live Games on Windows 10

Windows 10 provides heavier integration with the Xbox ecosystem: an updated Xbox app allows
users to browse their game library (including both PC and Xbox console games), and Game
DVR is also available using a keyboard shortcut, allowing users to save the last 30 seconds of
game play as a video that can be shared to Xbox Live, One Drive, or elsewhere.[65][66] Windows
10 also allows users to control and play games from an Xbox One console over a local
network.[67] The Xbox Live SDK allows application developers to incorporate Xbox Live
functionality into their apps, and future wireless Xbox One accessories, such as controllers, are
supported on Windows with an adapter.[68]Candy Crush Saga and Microsoft Solitaire Collection
are also bundled with Windows 10.[69][70]

Windows 10 adds FLAC and HEVC codec and support for the Matroska media container,
allowing these formats to be opened in Windows Media Player and other applications.[71][72][73]

DirectX 12

Windows 10 includes DirectX 12, alongside WDDM 2.0. Unveiled March 2014 at GDC,
DirectX 12 aims to provide "console-level efficiency" with "closer to the metal" access to
hardware resources, and reduced CPU and graphics driver overhead. Most of the performance
improvements are achieved through low-level programming, which allow developers to use
resources more efficiently and reduce single-threaded CPU bottlenecking caused by abstraction
through higher level APIs. DirectX 12 will also feature support for vendor agnostic multi-GPU
setups.

WDDM 2.0 introduces a new virtual memory management and allocation system to reduce
workload on the kernel-mode driver.

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 CHAPTER- 3

CONCLUSION

At last I want to conclude that Windows or win is an operating environment created

by Microsoft that provides an interface, known as a GUI (graphical user interface), for
computers. Windows eliminates the need to memorize commands for the command line by using
a mouse to navigate through menus, dialog boxes, buttons, tabs, and icons. There are two ways to
view Services on your computer. The first is to use the MS Configuration Utility by typing msconfig.exe in
the Run box accessed via the Start Menu, followed by clicking the Services tab.

Windows 10 is a computer operating released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of

operating systems. Windows 10 introduces what Microsoft described as a "universal" application
architecture; expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple
Microsoft product families with nearly identical code—including PCs, tablets, Smartphone,
embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and HoloLens. Windows 10 incorporates multi-
factor authentication technology based upon standards developed by the FIDO Alliance. To
reduce the storage footprint of the operating system, Windows 10 automatically compresses
system files. The system can reduce the storage footprint of Windows by approximately 1.5 GB
for 32-bit systems and 2.6 GB for 64-bit systems. Overall this Window or Win is a good
window.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) Microsoft Windows

2) Tech Phase

3) The Tech Nation

4) Tech Dreams

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