PERTANYAAN

1. Bagaimana mengkategorikan atau mengklasisfikasi hutang perusahaan kedalam

hutang jangka panjang dan hutang jangka pendek?
2. Apa yang menyebabkan hutang jangka panjang, bisa menjadi hutang jangka pendek?
3. Apa keuntungan dan risiko bagi perusahaan dalam melakukan hutang jangka panjang?
4. Dari kedua jenis hutang, yang mana hutang paling baik untuk dilakukan oleh
perusahaan?
5. Jika perusahaan memilki hutang jangka panjang dan hutang jangka pendek. Apa yang
harus diperhatikan oleh perusahaan?
JAWABAN :

1. Classification of Liabilities

There are three main classifications of liabilities:

1. Current liabilities (short-term liabilities) are liabilities that are due and payable
within one year.
2. Non-current liabilities (long-term liabilities) are liabilities that are due after a year
or more.
3. Contingent liabilities are liabilities that may or may not arise depending on a certain
event.

Types of Liabilities: Current Liabilities

Current liabilities, also known as short-term liabilities, are debts or obligations that need to be
repaid within a year. Current liabilities should be closely watched by management to make
sure that the company possesses enough liquidity from current assets to guarantee that the
debts or obligations can be repaid.

Examples of current liabilities:

 Accounts payable
 Interest payable
 Income taxes payable
 Bills payable
 Bank account overdrafts
 Accrued expenses
 Short-term loans
Current liabilities are used as a key component in several short-term liquidity
measures. Below are examples of metrics management teams and investors look at when
analyzing a company and performing financial analysis.

Examples of key ratios that use current liabilities are:

 The current ratio: Current assets divided by current liabilities

 The quick ratio: Current assets minus inventory divided by current liabilities
 The cash ratio: Cash and cash equivalents divided by current liabilities

Types of Liabilities: Non-current Liabilities

Non-current liabilities, also known as long-term liabilities, are debts or obligations that are
due in over a year’s time. Long-term liabilities are an important source of a company’s long-
term financing. Companies take on long-term debt to acquire immediate capital to fund the
purchase of capital assets or invest in new capital projects.

Long-term liabilities are crucial in determining a company’s long-term solvency. If

companies are unable to repay their long-term liabilities as they become due, then the
company will face a solvency crisis.

List of non-current liabilities:

 Bonds payable
 Long-term notes payable
 Deferred tax liabilities
 Mortgage payable
 Capital lease

Types of Liabilities: Contingent Liabilities

Contingent liabilities are liabilities that may occur depending on the outcome of a future
event. Therefore, contingent liabilities are potential liabilities. For example, when a company
 is facing a lawsuit of $100,000, the company would face a liability if the lawsuit proves
successful. However, if the lawsuit is not successful, the company would not face a liability.
In accounting standards, a contingent liability is only recorded if the liability is probable and
the amount can be reasonably estimated.

List of contingent liabilities:

 Lawsuits
 Product warranties

3. Resiko Hutang Jangka Panjang

Memiliki hutang jangka panjang selain menguntungkan dan dapat memberikan manfaat
kepada perusahaan, namun juga memiliki beberapa resiko. Beberapa resiko hutang jangka
panjangdiantaranya adalah :

1. Semakin lama jangka waktu peminjaman dana dan pelunasannya maka resiko juga akan
semakin tinggi

2. Hanya dapat memperoleh sumber dana yang terbatas dari hasil pinjaman

3. Hutang merupakan beban tetap yang harus ditanggung oleh perusahaan

4. Memiliki tenggat waktu jatuh tempo pembayaran hutang yang sudah pasti / tetap

5. Kemungkinan nilai saham perusahaan akan turun akibat tingkat tinggi atau rendah jumlah
pinjaman
 Keuntungan Hutang Jangka Panjang

Selain harus siap dihadapkan dengan resiko, memiliki hutang jangka

panjang dengan obligasimemiliki beberapa keuntungan, diantaranya adalah :

1. Bunga obligasi yang lebih rendah apabila dibandingkan dengan deviden yang harus
dibayarkan kepada pemegang saham.

2. Mengurangi kewajiban pajak, hal ini dikarenakan bunga pinjaman merupakan biaya yang
dibebankan kepada perusahaan. Sedangkan deviden merupakan pembagian laba yang tidak
dapat dikategorisasikan sebagai pembebanan biaya.

3. Pemilik obligasi tidak akan memiliki hak suara dalam perusahaan, sehingga tidak akan
mempengaruhi manajemen dan operasional harian perusahaan

Long-term debt risk

Having long-term debt besides being profitable and can provide benefits to the company, but
also have some risks. Some long-term debt risks include:

The longer the time period for borrowing funds and repayment the risk will also be higher

Only a limited source of funds can be obtained from the loan

Debt is a fixed burden that must be borne by the company

Has a due date for fixed / fixed debt payments

Possibly the value of the company's shares will decrease due to the high or low level of the
loan
Long-term Debt Benefits

In addition to being prepared to face the risks, having long-term debt with bonds has several
advantages, including:

Bond interest is lower when compared to dividends that must be paid to shareholders.

Reducing tax obligations, this is because the loan interest is a fee charged to the company.
While dividends are the distribution of profits that cannot be categorized as a charge.

Bondholders will not have voting rights in the company, so it will not affect the management
and daily operations of the company

2.

1. karena jangka waktu hutang sudahb jatuh tempo

2. mungkin jangka waktu pengembaliannya masih lama , akan tetapi hutang jangka panjang
tersebut akan menjadi hutang jangka pendek ketika sudah dilakukan pembayaran atauapun
tiba waktu pembayaran jatuh tempo pertahunnya.

3. ketika perusaan melakukan pelunasan sebagian besar hdari jumlah hutang yang dipinjam,
dan hanya menyisakan tidak lebi dari 12 bulan jumlah hutnag yang akan jatuh tempo.

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1. because the period of the debt has matured

2. maybe the repayment period is still long, but the long-term debt will be a short-term debt
when payment has been made or arrived when the payment is due annually.
3. when the company makes a repayment, most of the debt is borrowed, leaving only no more
than 12 months the amount of the debt will be due
5. HAL YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN OLEH PERUSAHAAN KETIKA MEMILKI
HUTANG JANGKA PANJANG:

1. JANGKA WAKTU PEMINJAMAAN

2. JATUH TEMPO

3. TINGKAT INTEREST YANF DIBERIKAN LEMBAGA PEMINJAM DANA

4. TUJUAN UTAMA DAN PENGGUNAAN HUTANG BAGI PERUSAHAAN

5. EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN HUTANG

6. PEMBAYARAN POKOK DAN BUNGA YANG DILAKUKAN SESUAI DENGAN

KESEPAKATAN

7. DENDA APABILA TERJADI KETERLAMBATAN PEMBAYARAN HUTANG

TERSEBUT.

THINGS THAT THE COMPANY MUST NOTICE WHEN IT HAS A LONG-TERM

DEBT:
1. TIME OF TERMINATION
2. FALL TEMPO
3. YANF INTEREST LEVEL GIVEN FUNDING INSTITUTIONS
4. MAIN OBJECTIVE AND USE OF DEBT FOR COMPANIES
5. EFFECTIVENESS OF DEBT USE
6. COST AND INTEREST PAYMENTS DONE ACCORDING TO AGREEMENT
7. FINE IF IT HAPPENS THE DELAY OF SUCH DEBT PAYMENTS.