Cell division

Mitosis & cancer

p.86 - 97

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Video
What is Mitosis?

• Cell divides to form 2 cells that are

identical to each other & the parent
cell from which they came.
• Genetically alike: Same number &
type of chromosomes
What is Meiosis?

Mother cell undergoes division

from four dissimilar daughter cells
that have half the chromosome
number as the mother cell.
Takes place in gametes

Genetically different offspring

The Cell Cycle
 The Cell Cycle
Series of events that take place in a cell
leading to its division and duplication.
In Eukaryotic cells (cells with a nucleus)

cell cycle is divided into 2 periods –

Interphase (cell growth – production of
proteins and organelles, accumulates
nutrients, duplicate DNA (90%)) &
Mitosis and Cytokinesis Phase (cell splits
into two distinct cells – daughter cells
(10%)).
Vital process as a single celled
fertilized egg develops into a
mature multicellular organism.
Renewal of cells – hair, skin, blood

cells as well as some internal

organs.
 Mitosis
One cell divides to form two cells that
are identical to each other and to the
parent cell from which they come.
“Identical Cells” that have the same
number and type of chromosomes.
Genetically alike.

All cells in the human body (Somatic

cells) are genetically alike except for sex

cells (Sperm and Egg cells)
 What is a chromosome?
A thread-like structure of nucleic acids

and protein found in the nucleus of
most living cells, carrying genetic
information in the form of genes.
Be able to label
 Chromosomes
Form chromatin network inside the
nucleus of all cells.
Made up of DNA and Protein

DNA has the genetic code for

controlling appearance and functions

of thousands of parts.
Codes for human eye colour, how
certain enzymes or hormones in your
body is going to function.
Chromosomes
Small part of DNA that controls or
carries the genetic code for one or
more characteristics or functions,
referred to as a GENE.
No two individuals have the same
DNA (except for identical twins),
although parts of the DNA may be
similar to parents and grandparents.
Importance of Mitosis
• Sexual Reproduction = zygote.
Zygote is single celled and an adult
is made up of millions of cells
• Forms new cells: growth, repair &
replacement of worn out/damaged
cells
• Original cell = mother cells
• New cells = daughter cells
Importance of Mitosis

Protists reproduce by simply

dividing the unicellular organism
into two cells = BINARY Fission
Brings about asexual &

vegetative reproduction in
certain plants & animals
Link to cell theory

 Mitosis confirms that one cell comes

from a pre-existing cell
Worksheet
 Use string to create and represent the
chromosomes.
 Start in cell one with one green and

one orange chromosome.

 Label all components present

throughout.
 Write the name of each phase and a

short description of what is

happening during that phase.
Interphase
• Cell grows
• DNA replicates – genetic material is
doubled
Mitosis - Phases
PMAT

1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
Mitosis – 1. Prophase
• Centrosomes split & moves toward poles
• Spindle fibers start to form
• Nuclear membrane & nucleolus start to
disappear
• Chromatin network starts to unwind to form
visible chromosomes – Chromosomes made
up of two identical parts called chromatids
Mitosis – 2. Metaphase
• Chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane
• Spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes
Mitosis – 3. Anaphase
• Spindle fibres shorten/contract
• Pulls the 2 chromatids towards opposite ends
of the cell = chromosomes split at the
centromeres.
• Each chromatid is a single stranded
chromosome as DNA replication already
took place.
Mitosis – 4. Telophase
• 2 groups of chromosomes present (1 on each
end of cell)
• 2 Nuclei within which we have the same
number of chromosomes as the original
• Cytokinesis takes place – cytoplasm divides
into 2
Activity 1.3.1 pg. 94
Mitosis in Plant and
Animal cells

 Process described took place in animal

cells as there was only a cell membrane
present.
 Centrosome was also present
Mitosis – In plant-& animal cells
Animal cells Plant cells

Prophase: Centrosomes Prophase: Cytoplasm

form the spindle fibres forms the spindle fibres

Telophase: cytokinesis Telophase: cytokinesis

occurs via a constriction occurs by laying down
of the cell membrane of new cell wall in the
until 2 new cells are equatorial region of the
formed cell
Cytokinesis in plant and
animal cells