Relative Clauses - Mệnh đề quan hệ

Mệnh đề quan hệ bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, which, that, whose hay những trạng từ quan hệ:
why, where, when. Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó.

I. Các đại từ quan hệ

1. WHO

- làm chủ từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người

….. N (person) + WHO + V + O

E.g:

2. WHOM

- làm túc từ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người

…..N (person) + WHOM + S + V

E.g:

3. WHICH

- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật

….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O

E.g:

….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V

E.g:

4. THAT

- có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định

* Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”:

- khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất

- khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last

- khi danh từ đi trước bao gồm cả người và vật

- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything,
anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.

Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.

It was the first time that I heard of it.

These books are all that my sister left me.

She talked about the people and places that she had visited.

* Các trường hợp không dùng that:

- trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định

- sau giới từ

5. WHOSE

Dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình thức ‘s

…..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….

E.g:

II. Các trạng từ quan hệ

1. WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng Anh chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that
reason.

…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …

Ex: I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason.

→ I don’t know the reason _____you didn’t go to school.

2. WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there

….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ….

(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)

Ex: a/ The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed at that hotel.

→ The hotel _____ we stayed wasn’t very clean.

→ The hotel ________ we stayed wasn’t very clean.

3. WHEN: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then

….N (time) + WHEN + S + V …

(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)

Ex: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.

→ Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?

→ Do you still remember the day ________we first met?

I don’t know the time. She will come back then. → I don’t know the time when she will come back.
EXERCISE 1: Choose the best answer:

1. She is talking about the author________book is one of the best-sellers this year.

A. which B. whose C. that D. who

2. He bought all the books__________are needed for the next exam.

A. that B. what C. those D. who

3. The children,__________parents are famous teachers, are taught well.

A. that B. whom C. whose D. their

4. Do you know the boy________we met at the party last week?

A. which B. whose C. who D. whom

5. The exercises which we are doing________very easy.

A. is B. has been C. are D. was

6. The man_______next to me kept talking during the film, _______really annoyed me.

A. having sat / that B. sitting / which

C. to sit / what D. sitting / who

7. Was Neil Armstrong the first person________foot on the moon?

A. set B. setting C. to set D. who was set

8. This is the village in________my family and I have lived for over 20 years.

A. which B. that C. whom D. where

9. My mother,________everyone admires, is a famous teacher.

A. where B. whom C. which D. whose

10. The old building__________is in front of my house fell down.

A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom

11. We need a teacher__________native language is English.

A. who B. whose C. whom D. that

12. I bought a T- shirt________is very nice.

A. who B. whose C. whom D. that

l3. The woman,________was sitting in the meeting hall, didn't seem friendly to us at all.

A. who B. whom C. where D. when

14. The man with__________I have been working is very friendly.

A. who B. that C which D. whom

15. We'll come in May__________the schools are on holiday.

A. that B. where C. which D. when

EXERCISE 2: Choose the underlined part that need correction.

1. The man for (A) who the police (B) are looking (C) robbed (D) the bank last week.

2. Today, (A) the number of people (B) whom moved into this city (C) is almost double (D) that of twenty years
ago.

3. They work (A) with (B) a person (C) his name (D) is John.

4. (A) The man (B) whom you (C) are looking for (D) living in this neighborhood.

5. (A) His father warned (B) him not (C) repeating (D) that mistake again.

6. My mother (A) will fly to Ha Noi, (B) that is (C) the capital city (D) of Vietnam.

7. She (A) is (B) the most beautiful girl (C) whose I have (D) ever met.
8. Every student (A) who (B) majors in English (C) are ready to participate (D) in this contest.

9. (A) The policeman must try (B) to catch those people (C) whom drive (D) dangerously.

10. The person (A) about who (B) I told you yesterday (C) is coming here (D) tomorrow.

11. (A) Mother's Day is (B) the day when children show (C) their love to their mother (D) one.

12. (A) Do you know (B) the reason (C) when we should learn (D) English?

13. (A) That is the (B) woman who (C) she told me (D) the news

14. It is (A) complicated (B) because pollution (C) is caused by things (D) when benefit people.

15. (A) New Year Day is the day (B) where my family members (C) gather and enjoy it (D) together.

EXERCISE 3: Complete these sentences with suitable relative pronoun or adverb

That is the man ____ helped me when I fell down in the street.

Is that your car? No, mine is the one ____ is parked just opposite the bank.

That is the woman ____ complained about the room service.

This is the park ____ we first met. Do you remember?

So, James is the man ____ son came on the school trip with us? I din't know.

If you have any question, ask the girl ____ is standing at the desk. She'll help you.

They had to put away the dog ____ bit the boy. It was too dangerous.

I'm looking for a person ____ surname begins with a "k".

Do you still go to that pub ____we used to go as students?

The heating is not working. Do you know anyone____ can fix it?

B.- JOIN THESE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN.
OMIT THE PRONOUN IF POSSIBLE.

1. The girl is my sister. I'm talking to the girl.

The girl is my sister.

2. This is the chair. The carpenter repaired it last week.

This is the chair .

3. She is married to a man. He is richer than her.

She is married to a man .

4. She is the friend. She helped me with my homework.

She is the friend .

5. That is the swimming-pool. I used to go swimming there.

That is the swimming-pool .

6. That is the man. His wife is a famous actress.

That is the man .

7. A doctor examined me last Friday. He was really kind.

The doctor .

8. The woman called the police. Her car had been stolen.

The woman .

9. I went to a restaurant last week. It was very expensive.

The restaurant .

10. I saw a film last night. It was very interesting.

The film .

MỆNH ĐỀ RÚT GỌN - REDUCE RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. Active: Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề chủ động thì rút thành cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing).

E.g: - The man who stands at the door is my uncle

-> The man ______at the door is my uncle.

2. Passive: Ta có thể dùng past participle (V2/ed) để thay thế cho mệnh đề đề quan hệ khi nó mang
nghĩa bị động

E.g: - The woman who was given a flower looked very happy

-> The woman_____ a flower looked very happy.

3. Rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu - Infinitive relative clause (active / passive)

Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) khi trước đại từ quan hệ có
các cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặc hình thức so sánh bậc nhất. Ví dụ

a. Active: - The first student who comes to class has to clean the board.

The first student to come to class has to clean the board.

b. Passive: - The only room which was painted yesterday was Mary’s.

The only room to be painted yesterday was Mary’s.

Exercise:

1. The man who is standing there is a clown.

2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
3. Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many
dyes, perfumes and explosives.
4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
5. The student don't know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday.
6. The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of 1812.
7. The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.
8. All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.
9. All students don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam.
10. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.
11. The street which leads to the school is very wide.
12. The system which is used here is very successful.
13. John, who teaches my son, is my neighbor.
14. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.
15. The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.

16. We are driving on the road which was built in 1980.

17. Customers who complain about the service should see the manager.
18. The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.
19. My brother, who met you yesterday, works for a big firm.
20. The vegetable which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.