'Public Services' are generally defined to mean the civil services.

constituted
by the government to translate all its plans and programmes into
implementable action. In common usage, civil service means that branch of
governmental machinery which is concerned not with law making but with
law enforcing functions. In the executive branch of the government. there
are two parts, the ministers and civil servants. The civil servants carry out
the orders of the minicters and advise them in policy formulation.
According to E.N. Gladdcn, "CIVII Scnice is the name of an important
government institution comprising the staffs of central administration of
the statc. It 1s more for it stands for a spirit essential to the success of
modem democracy, an Ideal of vocation in public officials who devote their
lives to the service of the communityl' In administrative parlance, public
services have a slightly wider connotation in the sense that they are taken
to cover, besides civil servants, extended group of employees who may be
working in public sector undertakings, nationalised banks and other quasi-
governmental organisations funded wholly or partly by the government.
While the ci%l servants are the holders of civil posts, whose remuneration
in India is paid out of Consolidated Fund of India, others are not so paid.
In Britain, they are also accepted as "those servants of the crown other
than holders of the political and judicial offices, who are employed in civil
capacity and of course, remunerated through budget passed by
parliament!' In brief, as H. Finer stated,"Civil Service is a professional body
of officials, permanent, paid and skilled" and further, classified British Civil
Service into three categories, administrative (policy formulation and
execution); technical (scientific and specialised categories like doctors,
engineers etc.) and manipulative (executing orders of the first two classes).
Public services is an important instrument of political modernisation in the
developing societies. Well-knit and well-organised public bureaucratic
structure precedes electoral democracy. It provides stability and continuity
to the system of government. Public services is a blend of certain features
viz. expertise, vitality and leadership. This blend enables the public services
to function in an independent and efficient manner.
A public service is a service which is provided by government to people
living within its jurisdiction, either directly (through the public sector) or
by financing private provision of services.
Broadly speaking, Public Administration embraces all the activities of
the government. Hence as an activity the scope of public
administration is no less than the scope of state activity. In the modern
welfare state people expect many things – a wide variety of services and
protection from the government.
Public service[1] is a service purporting to serve all members of a
community.[2] It is usually provided by government to people living within
its jurisdiction, either directly (through the public sector) or by financing
provision of services. The term is associated with a social consensus
(usually expressed through democratic elections) that certain services
should be available to all, regardless of income, physical ability or mental
acuity. Even where public services are neither publicly provided nor publicly
financed, for social and political reasons they are usually subject
to regulation going beyond that applying to most economic sectors. Public
policy[3] when made in the public's interest and motivations can provide
public services. Public service is also a course that can be studied at a
college or university. Examples of public services are the fire
brigade, police, air force, and paramedics.

Public administration[edit]
In modern democracies, public service is often performed
by employees known as civil servants who are hired by elected officials.
Government agencies are not profit-oriented and their employees are
motivated very differently.[4] Studies of their work have found contrasting
results including both higher levels of effort[4] and fewer hours of work.[5] A
survey in the UK found that private sector hiring managers do not credit
government experience as much as private sector experience.[6] Public
workers tend to make less in wages when adjusting for education,
although that difference is reduced when benefits and hours are
included.[7] Public workers have other intangible benefits such as increased
job security.[7]