Solucionario Vibraciones Mecanicas, 5ta Edicion - Singiresu S. Rao PDF

SOLUTIONS MANUAL
MECHANICAL
VIBRATIONS
FIFTH EDITION
SINGIRESU S. R AO
U n iv e r s ity o f M i a m i
Jan u ary 2 0 1 1
T o L o r d Sri V e n k a t e s w a r a
C o n te n ts
Preface
1. Fundamentáis ofV ibration 1-1 - 1 -9 9
2. Free Vibration o f Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 2-1 - 2-139
3. Harmonically excited Vibration 3-1 - 3-119
4. Vibration Under General Forcing Conditions 4-1 - 4-145
5. Two-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 5-1 —5-133
6. M ultidegree-of-Freedom Systems 6-1 - 6-150
7. Determination o f NaturalFrequencies and M ode Shapes 7-1 -7 -7 1
8. Continuous Systems 8-1 -8 -8 0
9. Vibration Control 9-1 -9 -7 4
10.Vibration Measurement and Applications 10-1 - 10-18
11.Numerical Integration Methods in Vibration Analysis 11-1 - 11-50
12.Finite Element Method 12-1 - 12-96
13.Nonlinear Vibration 13-1 --13-52
14.Random Vibration 14-1 --14-28

P re fa c e
The M A T L A B programs given in the book, answers to problems, and answers to

review questions can be found at the web site of the book:
http://www.prenhall.com/rao.
The programs and techniques presented in the book, Solutions manual and the web
site are intended for use by students in leaming the material. Although the material
has been tested, no warranty is implied as to their accuracy.
I would appreciate receiving any errors found in the book, Solutions manual or the
web site o f the book. The errors detected will be posted at the web site o f the book.
Singiresu S. Rao
srao@miami.edu
Chapter 1
Fundamentáis of Yibration
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1-3
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X- +
2* i *Z 2*3 ; 3 +2 "fej -f t j *2
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+ —
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F - F, + F 2 CO
m om ent eûitibríum o J o O ic t c ' ( Fi'3 •( I ) :
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S o lu tc o n of EgS* ( O CLndC^^):
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P i'Sp l¿2-ce m e n-t 5 of Sprin ts le, aywd cure 5*‘ veh %
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D í S ple-cemneni o f -forcé. F Ca-vn te fo u n d USm g ÉBg.S’-CS’J?

i“n Eg. ( 1} :
h F ** . A l _ . J A ________
í , + ^2 ^ iC ^ i+ ^ O
— F ^ £ i K¡ + %2.
(É t+ía)* ^ /
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2 - 2
í, * . + «2 * *
1 -6
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z
1<e^ ~ ^-fci “i" ^ -¿2 + ^ 1 ^1 + *^2. ^-i ■+• ^3 £¡■2
i<,2.3 - £ °r senes SpringS fci > ^2. a_v-J ^ 3 *

I 1 I I * , K2
*, + fc2 + fc3 ^ *113 : 1c, ^ 2. 4" 1*^2. ^3 ~^~ ^3^1
123
USin^ e n e r ^ egcuV aiencej
i «e& e z = i S e2+ i 0 % ¿ * s (9 ^ + i 1c6 f s r ) :
“H ^ 1 2 .3 't'^ ’ ^5\ ^
*^ +f c d ^ n ^ ') + R> ' + **>

Simply SUj>f>orted bea-rrij 1*2tn
O ) F °r / i
X oclcÁ. a¿b rnic\ d le > ’i
for s f ~ T
1 j 0*1 Vn
------------ 2 Tn y
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- 12.36 x (o7 N//m wkere X= O*2-') (°* í) = (ó -m
5 0 0 x 7 * 81 -7
S1 = o r i j t n c z l J e fle c é ío n = 2ü l- =r 3 9 6 -84-4-7 X 10 Tnrt
*i 12-36 x 107
U/hen S(jring |S a ^ c f e d ,
* •&
(«0 N ew d e g l e c t fo n = Z lL _ «i . * 4 ™g-
= 4 4c,
" 4~ ' ei& ' s,
* e g- = fe + -f«,
7
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£ *
(£>) M ew c ie f [ e c t *‘or> -
1 n? =
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7
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N/m - Ki-Í(
1 -7
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@ c r o ^ - se o í io n A>"fóe a-x^tcd s k i f f n e s s (-fe) te Îvsn ¿ j
wken c r o S S - section is so l íd c í r c u ( a .r wíhA d í a - m e t e r d ^

a_re a> r A ( = TOJ/4, f2>
wkew croSS - Se ction »‘s sgua.re w ! b h S i A e d .>
a-vea, - f\ 2 = d 2
Wken c r o s s - s e c f t o n íS t a l U w cC ccuIo lt ujt'fh mecen díou. d eend

WoJJ. -tuternes5 t “ o •( d ,
o - recj - T rd t ~ 7T d ‘I d ) = o •I 7T d O O
For S pecífíed vad¿te cr^. ^ croS£- se o tco n cúreos
r e g u ,W ÍS: A= « ± = c (c a n ff^ t ' ) C O
U/eíjM: o f teur :
W»H* salid c i r c u l a r se c k i'o n :
j2 *11 ,2._ ^ C r£ }
U/| ~ d l - c i-iv» tli d “ ^
4
U/í tk h o llo u t Circula-r s e c t i o r » :
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S TT 7T
.: rKe ska-ft Wi'fí. t í i e {\cllo\w c , ' r c u l a . r c r o S S - seciV on
c o r r £ Sp©r»dS "fe m ínim u m w eíg h t.
1-8
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*- e
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For \/aXus~ crfa k~ 1c ,
I - - c - c o n íh ^ t' c o
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w eíqkí of be,o.m - IV s TT ^ % _ ttX ] c"

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tecurr» C o r r e SponJs ’fco ’tk e ftoUúUü cL ^ cjuXgJ i . c.roSS'- í e t i i ' e n »
1 -9
S p r in j -Jaree. ¡S Jíve.r\ by f r Qq c x + 40 x3 CO
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p - 200 - 2oo x -t 4 0 x*
^ ^.c * * * 4 . $00 X * - 200 - O ( 2 ^>
Tbe roo'ts oí He CmJ^c ^ jju c J~ L c ~ n (2^> c ^ -i t e J v u s ^ J i JVom

(Y1 A T L .A B a¿
X* = 0 - 2 ^ 2 ^ - o*í2¿fí ±
ThuS H e ¿feaJfe e ^ u ílitr iu m p o S C b t'o n of He ru bter tn o u n tS n j

íS «gíver» t g He reoJ. root of Eg*C2 ' ) ;
X* “ o - 2 ¿f<?2. m
O2- ) E g w*‘ V a l e v ^ l m £ a .r ^Sjorinj Canstía-Vrvi o f r w .tte r m o u n i í n j

d ífí S g u ilib r t u m p o J ¡f í b n > u S i n j £^ . (l*7 ")_> ís :
2.
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á*
- 80*7• ¿#52 1 & / »V> ^
(.JO Deflec.fior> Qg r u b t e r ro o u n t í n j corres|¿>ondi’ng h>
tfc-e ej^jjuL\{cJlíLAr£ ^'ruL^x ^ rii-v j c o n s fa .n i íS* •
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* 80 7* ¿f 5 2 I
1 -1 0
(L15) 200X + 5o x 2 ^ 10 0)
l/üíiett +Ke sprmg u n d e r g o e s 1 cu s te o u J L y ¿e fíe c tib n o £
X* in duri'rtj j~he o¡pe,rcuiiar> o f ~tke e ^ g í n e , i~he

forcé e x .e r t e d an tk e ¿prm g c£*-n be £ou.n<A a J
f = Z 0 o ( o * 5) + 8 0 ( o ’ S ) 9 - f 10 ( o -£ )3 - (13.75 LL (2}
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A e f (e-ctiom «s g i v e n t j . (1 •7 ' ) ■•
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2
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1-1 1
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d e fíe c tto m
o f (aotnt A,
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d c f o r m a-t to v>
o f ^ r in g
Po-tentío^l energy
X, s2
Keg = ic ^ js*_y
« „ 2[ > T ( S 7 - JT W ]
= Z ,/a- r A - 1 ]
(í - í ) i j
+^T>Í -‘J
I TV rC. 0 t *í ) 72
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1 -1 2
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d e fo rm a ció n oj^
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xz" _ 2 X í eos * + z i *5 - = O (eO
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< ll± 5 ÍL l Vt ] (E2;
L X COS C* J
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j a-Y\d neglect xj"
cornpctred Fo ¿X x* »n (£*"')• This jiY e f
eos ¿y
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Ir. cu ¿im itar Tmcunner, - 3 C cosZ o(
1 -1 3
O t e , ~ 2 t e
A *
i<2= * I
4
h - — ■■—- •>
1 4 1 4
x X
^ 2 ' 2 * *i - "S
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(O-
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f (4 ) - f = U ) - f' ( 4 ) =°
F‘ í * 7 = ^ ^ = 7 * ’
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~ 3 te.
1 -1 4
F ( Sprínj forcé or» r c u x e s ^
U 2 ( Sin & l )
f A O me n t cu ta u t f t e
MílV
î2ÍJ/'r piVot point Oí
T - m om ent
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i í ma - ( U 2 í s m 9 'j i
2.
—
1
L-ic2n
16 2 (
( )
0
D e n o t ín ^ H s e g y U iv o ^ rJ: íb r S i ^ n a J s jprCnj coryS {’o^yy.t
o-f f k e S ystem He fn<3m e n i T ccun be
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e g u a ii V i^ Egs-CO cuvtJ . C2 )-* obt<2-ín
m £ 2
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Xej 0£ ttre m a n o m e f e r ( F » j. 1*77^» -¿Ae m e rca r^

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T k e Yr?cu3jv»{fu á e ¿>f +Ae -forcé P due fb f £ e U/eíykfc o f ib e
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Tê y-estorín j forcé ís g í v e n b^
F = 2- fA * ^ 1^
Urkere if bke s ^ e c if i’c wev'gkb o f rn e rc u rj^ cuw Jt A is1

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t k e r e s ír o r t n g fo rc é * 1te re s fo n n ^ f o r c é Ccun
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f A C ?}
t
1 -1 7
W~k^n druvn ís d «‘s pí ccced ccr> a-w ciu n t x jk>m íl"S
sta /W c e g u ilr b r i'u m Jp o S i t i o n , 't k e W e íg lrk of- 'f'k e
£|uvd ( s e a , wc^-ter) drspfa-cerd c's 3 «Ven ty
V I= (T ^ fL * ) * ro
whe r e .‘ s t k e d e n s í t y o f s e c . w a -ie r ojt ^Á ^ tk e

¿^ c ^ J^ u ^ tc rn ctu£ íó ^ ra v / fy r Tke w e i j K t ^ W ^ 3«ver» ky
Eg*CO ai^t» denotes tk e resfcorm y -forcé F - By e x ^ re rs T n ^

tk e r e s fr o r ín ^ f o r c é
F = ^
w U ere d e n o t e s tke e g a í v a d e n t: ¿(príry Conífccxnfc
o-.SS'oc 1'a.ted u/«‘tk "fFe re sto rfrij forcé» E guad^ng ( / ^ a^riíí

(z. /> > o kt cxvn
(5’
1 -1 8
Frorn íetne-éic enerj^ >
(masslcss)
-i-m, (f, ó )Z-t- = J_ ^ ¿z
Fro m pe*be.néíaJi e. he r^y ?
¿ ( ^f0 ) + i *23 ( U e) + { k ± e z + { <4(^3 e) =
i *i -t ( m2+ f3 ; = fcf ^ + fc25 f 2 + i<±+ l\ .
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t-^
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1 -1 9
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¿ U re c tí'o n :
'k ¿ = A ilí - ^ E (O
I' *2 •3 F
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a-r» cajxíoJ. ^YC-e (" F ) a-^ píreJ ^ p^Vvfc ^ w ;íí ¿e scune F»
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C on sto-v\*t g í v e n ty . ^1» l"7 ") t s c o m e í
= — 4- — + 4 “ - — r
k, Rg. k ? £ ^ Al
-F Al A 2.
-f- —
As
_ __L ( í i A a A s + í i A i ^ j - f / Í ^ A i A 2*)
& --------------------- A i A 2. Ag
or E A \ A 2. A 3
í [ A^ A s + A t A 3 -f- X 3 A, A 2.
(O
(O S tc p s b e h a .v <2 o¿ s e r ie s ¿ p r i r x gS
1 -2 0
1_
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S ,-
WWVWV-
V W Y V v—
aA / W W
-o _
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V 4K
T
\ M V v W V -----------•— - W W W -----
5 * % = 2 *
c ;
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k^ 3 5k
* * , = T k
, ♦ v V W V A A M ------------------------------- F
1 £
-V = k = 10 v
e? % " T
1-21
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. = J i 'l L - = G¡ 77 J>:4 ¿- 1 ,2 ,3 (O
t¿ 32 ix
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xA.cL_ft du.e *fe C2JVX- id l^ u u e . “T o J: fte ^ r e e o n J
U>i(l be T- -^re torsícncLÍ s t í/ f r * e ? íe s (^ p r in ^ * )
C o rre sp o n d a ^ "fe i~ke. Hbire.e. ¿fe p s (2^23 cxsrxA 3 ¿f
c x x e ib be c o n s id e r a d oj$ ✓ íe r i'e s ’ s p n n js * Tn W eu/
°í ‘b b e e.gU-iValerCt f o r ^ i'í jn o i ^prYrLj
31've n by e^-(i-i7^> becom er ^ £ ^ . ( , . 1 7 ") «'* k
1r\, { e r Jsreted ¿Jprr "fTorS’ r o n c d S í n j S^) *.
I _J _ 32 ( ~> , _ +
« e, " kt l + k tí + ^ ta T T fi V 5 ,** ^ 2^ p4
ll
^ ^ ~ 4 I 4 ^ ^
_ 32- í , P* P 3 + ^2 I>i* T>¡ + i 3 p 4 I>.
175 V P? V D ,4
or
4 ¿t 4
TT G Dj D2 D*
'k
(z)
3 2 ( 2, T>4** p/* + ¿ 4 3) 4 P 4 + £3 P ,4 D 4 )
(c *} sbeps b e b a - v e a-g fe r ie s ¿ p r in g ? .
1-22
;l¡s ) ( * ) F K f / Xo + 5 7 L ; ( x " x ») = (5 0 ° * + 2 X yx=10+ (Soo+S3cÍ)aí',í,r _ 'o)
~ í1 0 0 X — 4000
(¿>) cJr x = 9 mm :
E x a .c i F9 = 5 - 0 0 X 9 + 2 ($ ) = S S S 'S N
A p r o x im a n te Fg ■=. fjoo * 9 — 4 0 0 0 = 5-300 N1
E rro r = -o -9 7 j 5
(C ^ a-t” (I m m : 2
E xsuct F /f = 5 0 0 x j| + 2 (^0 = 8\£>'2- ^
A^roxima-ie p,, = IfOO x 11 _ 4 0 0 0 = 5100 ^
E rro r = + o >1536 /
j * V ^ ■= CoriS-tcu^t --- ( E i ) ; D¡f£erenh‘aéion of (E¿ ) f ir e s -
4 v f + f f Vf~í - o
df=- ± £ áv ------ (E i')

ChCL'nae. i<n v o lu m e ujhen m a .íí m csveí ¿u „ ✓ N
/ * á*> ¿V = - A-cfi* - - - (E3)
e ^ . ( E 2") «xnd (E3) give £f_A_ ^
V j y. . 2.
F o rcé Ame i© ^ress-ure cl-ia-nê = dF = d^ •A = f — dx
S p r ín g c o n s ia - n i of a ,ír Sprí ng = £ - _dF = / x , / - ¿ 2. x
dX \ 1? /
n i s p rin j con stccn ts ]n J f f f e n f c d ir e c b ío n s oxe
K5 k6 + k5 * 7 + fcfi fc7 J ' ei “ V ky + K9 J *
= í ^ r +4 ^2
r - )/ ■ ^«4- ^ ^3 +
I-f -ihe forcé P Troves by x, sprínj Áocajbeol cJt Q¿ anderôes a.
d iS ^ Ic to e m e n i o f x¿ = x eos 9 ¿ £ d e ri v a -iib n eos (’n probíem 1. 17 *)•
4.
EguiVadence of fôTentiai e.r»ergy jiv e s je" = ± ^ ê*
fee» = Z (*ex ^ 9x)

^ i-L
1 -2 3
Lefc ffce i i n , * OABC uv-iclergo cu a sru ^ u Á * ^
JiLS^Lc^cj¿yriJí^ e oJ> /VÍvou/n ín oJoove f i'g u r e * Tê

S pr í o g r e o - c f i ' o n ôrce.s cure al%t> iViJUceJt&J »v>-fáe f t ' j u r e
Eg u i li'tn 'u w of rnomev-vt^ e o to u f î'vot jooirvt O ^¡v6S\
-*i* (t ) - * » * ( * ' ) - O * ( 2t ) + F (© =■ o
F =
F= ( t + T ** + **) * CO
I£ denotes {-he e ^ u iv a Jjí^ t 4 j^ o - r^ ccrr-i&fca-rrJt’
o£ th e /injc. o-Ltti^ {-fie d iV e c h t o n ©jl p odr foirJr C}
uje Wo~ve
F = 1Cgg X CO
t g i^ J lo w í CO (2) 3>Ve
V _ , 2 ♦‘ a- , fe
+ f ( ¿ * ) + (3 ©
*e» " T + — -*• * % = i
■ o = Jü fe CO
1 -2 4
S p Xi n j Cor>st t af o* -f>e 1i coÁ yi rcj i s
1<= J ? . d* . co
€ W D3
A Ss u m ¡ng + he sheccr m o d u tu ? o£ s {“c e I cxa G = “7 *?' 3 <S Pcu^
Eg* CO g » V e s , f o r j> r o •2- m ^ i r o*oo 5 w clv-^cS Ni - (o^
* __ (7 ?*3 xic9 ) O - o o ^
14 ' ------------------------------ r------------ = N /m
s (« O 0>-O
1 -2 5
(d) D GLr»<J d : S< x me f o r ¿>o h b b e l íc o u l Sprin^í
° f o-, ^ e l » c a i i‘s :
w = 7T B M t CO
w he re sp e ct-fV c w e í^ K t o/ m a ire ria A oí sp rin j ,
2^ ¿ fe e I ^.pr»‘vvg
Fox* < w í t !-• - -76 'S* N / rn 3 , "tfce
W f^h+ ¡S (for ÍS/* = ló ) ■
*
Wj = 7T D (TV a 2 'J^ ^ ^ ^0 o ) ( 7 é ' 5 K,<j3)
= 19' 125 x tó* T V 2 D d 2 (O
For gl*» oAo.mínum AprCnj ivith = 26* é He

w e ig h t ( $or nu«n be r o f Í u r n í ") j
W a, - TV D ( j l A % ") N ^ fa , - 7T2 p =\* M qs ( a £ . ¿ Xlfl3 )
= 6-65 y. (o3 TTZ D C3 }
£ PuoJCfrL^ (Z*) a./n_A

¿1 2. , 2. _ 3 2 12 .
•I 2 5 * 10 7T De l - 6 •£ S * 10 IT D /v ^
or N co = n ‘ l2 S * ,c?- ~ = 28*75?¿f OD
é -65^ i d3
(b ") Sprívig con sten F cu ^ e U c a A ^p ri’n.3 i’s ;
1c = G ^V (8 N/ D * )
For cu ¿ f e e l ¿ p r i ’ng i/jiH g = 7 ? 3- 3 & 3
= (7 3 ■ 9 11 lo<? ) ^ / { 8 (lo) D i }
- o > 9 S I ¿ T x i o 1 d V " j>3 ( s ">

F o r CUn oSjLL-YTiíriUtn r,'n^9 W i H G — 26-2 G Po
= C2 é ' 2 * ' ° 9 ) { S(2S'75?//) p? J

=L O ' Ü 3^ K\C? d * * / P ? )
£^^*(^5"') a-v*-A (<S y ¡r\ d. » c o t í irP\&3c Ü\e. Ccvv5/tówr«-/F" o í
S teel ^ r i r i g ¿5 ° 'S9 ‘ 2 / ^ - u 3? - S -7 o^é -times /fo L r je r
fi¿ CUf\ ÜícJ l g£ oJLujrr\ Cn U rp s<pYin^ -
1 -2 7
@ From ? rotlem ^ f ^ f = ( .4- f or a-ir
L et f = zoo psi v ^
* = 75 a /A , = (-2 o ° ) 0 ,4 l A Z ^ -£ - o . 2é79
V 2
L s í dícumeter o£ f i s i ó n = c/ = 2 ínck ; A - C^) ~ ^' 14 i Z 6 7 9 = 3 6 *5 4 0 ? ín
Let fea Zinck ; J L 'J)Z ( z ) - 1? =?> J) - 4 ‘242 9
1.36} F = a x + b x 3 = 2 (104) x + 4 (107) x3
Around x*: F(x) ~ F(x*) + -^— |x* (x — x*)

dx
Whea x ’ = 10~2 m, F(x‘ ) = 2 (104) (10~2) + 4 (107) (10“ 6) = 240 N
JP
- j —- |x* = a + 3 b x2 = 2 (104) + 3 (4) (107) (10- 4 ) = 32000
dx
Henee F(x) = 240 + 32000 (x - 0.01) = (32000 x - 80 ) N

Since the linearized spring constant is giyen by F(x) = x, we have kgq 32,000
N /m .
1 -2 8
(O ) F¿ = a L X- -f- b¿ x 3 ; ¿ - i, z ////////// s///////ss
S p r in t s 1 ir» s e r i e s :
3
W - a* ( 5“| + L | S (l)
W = a,2 S2 + í t s* ( Z)
W- S s¿ (3 )
^si = s i + ^2 (4 )
Súlve £^í* CO a.nd ( 2 ) ôr <?| u n í 5*2. ’

r e r p e c í i i V e l y . S u b s- títu te -tê r e s u £ £
ír» ■( 4 ) O-'n d tK en i‘n Eg, - (3 ) to
;fínd .
Sprints en peura-LLel ;
W = F| •+ F¿
= *
eZ
= a, + ^ S 4 to Ssb
1 -2 9
G J*
* = > í?X /0 N /ín M > lo
8 D3 N
W = '7T D H «f ( l L Í - ) w ^ e re / *= w e i j ^ jêr a n ít v o lu m e
h = iZ V¡ITW = ±Z2. V 2 7T2 D* W2 / >: o - * «J-
ÜS,V*£ G = 7 3 - 1 x i o 9 N /m 2 , /= 7 6 -0 0 0 N i /m 3 „ £ = 9- 81 ^/sec2-,
= <o, 8 , 10 ; Kl = 10, 15. 2 0 ; el - 0 -4 , o - f f , ..., v a lú e s of
•fc a,r\A í| cure ccmjsuie-J.
Comíina,hbn oí JL± N= 10 a rj J - 2-0 m, correiponjin^
k = S’ - 4 'éO É. x ic f N / m cly \4 £ 0 * 4 8 0 1 Hz > can ke

éz^{ an cuLCejobcX'kle. -
Total elongation (strain) is same in each material:

1.39
( 1)
where x is the total elongation. Eqnation (1) can be expressed as
<7s _ o-a x
(2)
Es Ea “ 7
E3 x
or cj, = (3)
Ea x
<Xo = (4)
Total axial forcé is:

F = Fs + Fa = crs Ag + <Ja Aa (5)
where Fg and F a denote the axial forces acting on steel and aluminum, respectively, and
Ag and A a represent the cross-sectional areas of the two materials. Eqnating F to x
where keq denotes the equivalent spring constant of the bimetallic bar, we obtain from
Eqs. (3) to (5):
Es x Ea x
F = x = K
e
Ea A a
i
or ^ = — +i (6 )
1 -3 0
7T
j^ q \ L e í th e fe n g fh of the
S/^rínj !>e i ■ $pr¡nj ¡s
Und>eformec{ at Q ~ O >
\Alhen ffce en.<f. A o f
t h e Sp rin j «S dt'SfrloLCeJ)
b'-j ojn a m o u n i x <x^
^kou/h ín t h e f i g u r e . ^ x
t ee /Sp>r i'vrj ís $ ~ tre tc ke-g(
t y th e Q -m ount \[h 2 - f X — t so th cufc 't h e ¿ - o rc e

in t h e S f r i n j (fy ^ ;s g<V e n
F /r * (fa * + 7 - * ,)
T~he c o Y n p o n e n -t o.f th e flo re e . •fttí

J U re ctío n 'x /«s 3 iven Lj
Fx = F¿ e = Fj 2+ * a - O
2. ^
yí» -f X
y/ •A2‘- t x 1
= M 1 - X C2)
2 2
Vh ■f *
Eg^cxtlcm (,2) -IrhcJr “t e s ¿rn rce -
^cAipJüirn (in “te e x - Jdr^cXtcm ^) is n o n l í n e c x r • -^j-
éhe r e i í 2wtü5^ ,ss lin e a r, cow.(cA u y rtfe
r: í¿ X CO
A Círrr^tZ^X^-irn cr£ Eg^ •( i ) cwv-líÍ ( § ) ¿> Í~hcd:
tk'e. X »’ S n .o ¿ tu^T
<Ji 0 rv<s>üí cm th e X •
1-31
From, FKe Ríveys ckcuÍQj , i i ie fo r c é - d e ffi rm a -iío n
1.41^
f e \ a Á \ o y\ H \e s p r /r ig o cs^ ir < o th a -c ru L c í a £ :
Ien sile ftjrce ( F ) > N too 250 3?o zyg o 570

I>^ÍVvr-gdZcr^
O *) , ° 13 33 Hh 6¿f T6
(cJ-dZSr^C. in )
■pke f o r n e - d ^ ^ o r m c h o n re lo ^ io n «s p (o f F e n i n fiÉre
fi'g u re ^F¿>u/n beloW ' TÍve rela-F ton ca-n Fe /íe e n fó be
n e o u v í^ (m e a r u/í'fe t*e ¿ p r ín j e o n s f*- n F y iV e n by
ru/
* " >c '— 76
F (W )
1 -3 2
0*2 m o >{ m
J= — r4 = area polar moment of inertia at section x = 1.5708 (0.1 — 0.05 x)4 m4

2
Knowing that the angle of twist, 9, between the ends of a uniform shaft of length €
T €
under a torque T is giyen by 6 = ■— the angle of twist for an element of length dx can
GJ
be expressed as
T dx T dx
d0 = ( 1)
GJ (80 (109)) 1.5708 (0.1 - 0.05 x)4
The total angle of twist can be determined by integrating Eq. (1) from x = 0 to 1 as:
T dx dx
9= J (2 )
o (12.5664 (1010)) (0.1 - 0.05 x)4 12.5664 (1010) { (0.1 - 0.05 x)f
dx dy
But J i } J ~ ° :P .L p ) r = - 20 ~°/°5
o (0.1 - 0 . 0 5 x)4 0.05 J
0 ( 0 . 1 - 0 . 0 5 x)4 " J0 ( 0 .1 + y)'
= 4.6667 (104) where y = — 0.05 x
Henee 9 = T (4-6667) (lO*) = T (Q 3714 (lQ- 6 ^ rad

12.5664 (1010)
This gives kt = -5- = 2.6925 (106) N-m /rad

o
1 43\ sêe^ ailc^ almninnm hollow shafts can be treated as two torsional springs in parallel.
^ J For a hollow shaft,
7T G
(D4 - d4)
32 €
For the steel shaft, G = 80 (10 ) Pa, € = 5 m, D = 0.25 m, d = 0.15 m, and henee
kti = T (8 (0.254 - 0.154) = 5.34072 (106) N -m /r a d
1 32 (5)
(cv'j For the alnminnm shaft, G = 26 (10 ) Pa, € = 5 m, D = 0.15 m, d = 0.1 m, and
henee
^ (26 (1Q9))_ (0.154 - 0.104) = 0.207395 (106) N -m /r a d
32 (51
kgq = ktl + kt2 = 5.34072 (105) + 0.20739 (106) = 5.54811 (106) N -m /r a d
(J>) W t i h Gf = 26 ( ¡ O 9 ) Tcuj H- S ™ V - o m cx-nÁ d = o - o S
1 -3 3
4< , - (z 6x io ) s ¿f 4n £ / J
t¿ ~ — — (o'is - 0. ( 55 ) = 0 * 2 5 5 2 5 5 * lo M -* y ta ,d
32 ( 5 ) K y
~ ^-t\ •+ ^ 2 ■" 5 - 3 o "72 x io *f- o '2 5 5 2 5 5 x — $-535315 xto

N -m /re te l
y~~*\ G d*
( T d^í 1 For belical spring: k = -----------r-
\^2y 64 n R3
(“ 1(11” ¿ l,2) ) 1,388.88 Ib/rn
Spring 2: k2 = ^ = 50.00 lb/in

64 (10)(5 )
(a) Spring 2 inside spring 1 (parallel): keq = kj + k2 = 1,438.89 lb/in

(b) Spring 2 on top of spring 1 (series):
1 _ l _ ^ l _ k 2 4-k1
k^ kj k2 kx k2
whicb gives k ^ = 48.2625 lb/in.
y— i
M U 5j F or oj 'h eh 'ca J . s p r i n j . -U z ^
, , 64 » R3
_ (12 xio ) ( « ) ,
( a o o ( é 3 ) = 8 á ' ?oá ' ,n
Oí X I0É ) ('¡>•5')^
-fí s = , = 3-125 * ® /i n
* « 4 0 0 ( 5 * )
(Cü) Spr/ nj 2 t ns i ’d e s p r Tn^ 1 : ^ ^ t *+ v 2 = S 9 ■9 3 1
1
(í>) Sprina 2 on £<9p oj? S p r ín j 1 j _J— — J—
'k efy K, + *2.
ar ^ eo = k ' 'k l _ .soí ( 3 - " >

& f c , + - ka ' - = 3 '<3 ( £ 4 t t /í n .
« á .S o U V12?
1-3 4
* . / '
'/ |y *1 = y s ‘n 3 0
/ ¡ y
/ ¡I X, - ^ coS 30
2
J
Eûí va-leyice °§ s t rctír» energie?;
i N / = i *«■ x z + i *< * * = i k > >* ^ 3° 4

■+ i ^2 S '" 1 3 0 '
With 4, EI X (lo2- 9*52 ) ( 3 0 X /^ ) noa-íOGC 6 /JL/

1< •=. —- — - 4 i------------------ ¿ = 2 - 2 9 7 2 3 5 * ta WiV
1 2» (oo
0>ri 4 i ■ Ai "TV / 2 2- \ / -, /-
-k2 = 2i— 1 = 4 - ( 7 - é - 5 ) ( 3 o * « > ) 6 *#/
Cn
A
.2
-
75
- = 2 -l 2 0 £ g x io £*>/«
^ (2.237235 y,/ ) + £ (2-1 2 0 5S x i / )
= Z‘ l S 3 l l £ 2 5 x ,/
Sim*»(arly, H e e q u i v a l e n t dctmpmg ConS-iar>t Cari be ;found
(u s ín g dgûiva/lence 0j fcm eii'c e n e r jifis )(
Ceí - - | c 1+ ^ z = l ( o ^ ) + t ( H ) = fl' 3 7 5 a - secA -
S*t¿un lesí sieei: e = 3o x « / U / i n 2’ > G = ih S x iq i b / ¡ nZ
For ecL-c.li t u b e :
T> = o. lo " , d = O' 1 9 ° J l = 5-Of/
Axfa-l s ie n e s ? = A £ _ tt / 'p 2'^ d 2” ') £

2 ' 4 ^ £
- ^ fo.3 02- 0 - Z 9 2 ) ^2-7S0*3(«S ~ *eu
1 -3 5
To rs fo n a l s iiffn e s ír 77 J^ )
32 i
= t t C . i - S x . . ^ ) ( a. 30« - 0, z 5 i i ') = | 4 - y raLj, = *rt

32 ( S o )
For íiea/t ex-ckc^nger u/ith 6 tu te s :
A * ¡a ¿ S tíffn e s s = £ ^ jy = (6,681*596 ^ / m
ío rs io n a - t sti^fr>ess - q ic ^ = 139 . íé S 2 ^ " m/ r a ,c \
X48l) i\ s s u m e Sma.lt cur\yle.S 9, «.nd 9 2 > 9Z = e{
X| = h o r i^ o v rk & J . c¡ i'¿p Ia -c e me.n b of C - S -. ¿>f ríia .fS ’ Wj = 9 j r,
X ^- V e r X c a ./. di's’ p la ^ c e m e n t 0f C'G*. of m<x.ss m2 — 0 Z r2 = *Z'
= h o r tjc n t& l Jrs| 9 Í a ^ e m e n -fc of Zf r i n g s * , cunJi fc 2 - e,(r, + £t)
£ ,= V e r tic a l J .-s -fk t e n ic n t S fn n ^ ^ ^ = ^ ^ =
E f í u i v & l e 'n t e o f -K in e t Y c e n e r y íe ff g jV e S
i Jé j ( ® / ' ) = i J i í®l ) + i í (« 2) Z + Z "1 z w 2 (¿ í )
.-. ¿Teg - ¿r, + ¿r^ ( f r / + m, r , 2- ^ r* ( h / b^ f
& f iU ¡v a ,le .n c e o j1 fro-íen-hicd tn e r g fe ? J ÍY S S '
T =7 fc/¿ 2, 4- £ fc3£f yt 4- £ * ¿ f e ,2" +■\ k¿.: z 0 z
W íH 1c(2 = fcr f = íc3 k
s =('" **><’"*« <■Mrr^ ¿yí. **■*fc*. £ »z
1.49) 9 - b * X1 ' —
From e g u ¡v a lie n t e of « fn e t íc e n e r g ía ? ,
7 êg ¿* = r *í + -I " l ¿Z + 7 ^0 S 1
= " ’l ( - r ) 1 -i- + ^ ( t )2
1 -3 6
Leb 0¿ = cunyulcur vel o c i by o f bke mot or ( i n f u t ^
Anyula-r v e l o c í b i e s o f J í f f e r e n t jé c u r s e t s cure :
^tnotcr ’ TZj J"3

¡ * Z'locu d
9:
ni \
q . íh l n \ !
i : ¿. ü i ... 5 » ^ ^
®¿ v-ñi;
_ 1_VJ?2. Jllp jj ______ 1_ - L ¡Ü . *2#f_______nZ ( i /
Eguívcolence o f Mneti'c e n e r ó le s j i v e s
— T ' ^ I T
2N .z . 2
2- £g ^ — z matcí- + “-T J ^ÜE? ¿T*,. 0^, + ~ =77 j
*=1 iía.d lea-cf
ni N2
1% = ( rh»oior + ^ 0 ( n2 + (* , + * ) ( % 2 ^ J
f -r- -r \Y n* n3 n 2 N - l \2
+ •■■ + ( irz N + ) ( nj. n* ' " TT¡7T }
uiValcncc of Kínetic ener^íes 5 «Ves
% = { 3 i ¿i + Í ^ ¿Z w U re á¿ = ^ (t t J
When point A moves by distance x = x^, the walking beam rotates by the angle
9, = A .
Xh ¿s
This corresponde to a linear motion of point B: xg = 9^ ^2 =
and the angular rotation of crank can be found from the relation:
T
XB = rc + ^4 cos $ ~ Tc s^n + ^4 1 “ 72 - sin2 6*
V
For large valúes of ¿”4 compared to rc and for small valúes
of x and 9C1 we have
xb xh ¿2
xb c sam
Tr in l/c = ic or
r. vc v (7- =
^x „c
Tr ¿3 rc
The kinetic energy of the system can be expressed as
T = j m h ¿ J + j Jb ¿ b + j Jc ¿c
1 .2 1 .2
Equatingthis to T= — x = — x^, we obtain
% \9 2 S
Jb _ ^2
m^q = mli + + Jc
^3 rc
1 -3 7
• • X
When mass m is displaced by x, the bell crank lever rotates by the angle 9^ = — . This
A
makes the center of the sphere displace by xs = 9^ <f2- Since the sphere rotates with out
slip, it rotates by an angle
The kinetic energy of the system can be expressed as

. Z
r = i % ¿ ¿a * i N *. , / ¿ r 2
T T 2 '* T 2 ^ , .% tU \‘ > m Iz j l
= w í )^ í (t o * lirJ+T
2 . 1 .2 .
since for a sphere, J3 = —- Tg. Eqnating this to T = — m^q x , "we obtain
Wber\ fte o-atj(yxLx>\ p o s i i i o r ) 0f H¡ e C ra n /c ¡S e §rovr\ x - cw d'fj
tír€ &fr*pÁo>x jp o S iiío n Of CCrm ecfm y rod , /Skoiün ín F t J*

1* 1 0 1 , «*s giver»
r Sin 6 s S t I Sin (I )
The x- cundí y- CoorcUno-tes o f p is t ó n Vp) cure
g iv e r by
Xp = r coí © ■+ X eos <£ CO
- s ( o
Tke x- cunJl y- c©or4»‘no-tes o£tl-Te c a n t e r o£ mo-íy ©f ftre

co n re o b ín g ro d £ Xc ¿ C-cenbe e x p re s s e d a^j
x c = y1 eos © + Jl, eos f (4 5
Jc = r 5 ín 0 - í, í . ’n jZÍ CO
ybe "x- Ok-nrud y - c^rcvcL¿rua-t¿f 0f f£ e c e n t e r o f m c tíJ of

tfi« Cro-nk a r e g ive n by
x r “ T co5 a t6 ^
3r ^ ^ Sin 0 (7 )
3>«‘ f f e re n fc ic u tio n of E^s • ( o - C O w .'H r e s p e c t f© tCme

yield S
n • Jl J r co s © • r p >.
r coS © é X Ccr* ^ ^ or ^ ~ p * T 0 ^
X CoS £5
O * fl ®
Xj, - - r Sin © © _ l sin y CO
Jíp = O GO
>cc - - r s in e © — X| ^ 00
yc =i r CO50 á - í , CoS ^ O 2.)
l/Smg Eg -C O , E$«CO co,n be e ^ p r e s r e d oí
• 0 <7 . .Y C óS 0 •»
Xp =__ r Si no e - X s«r <0 -y --------- 0
1 A Co£ <f>
- - re ( S»‘n ©-+ eos 0 hxr pí ) 0 3)

1-39
SV m ilarlij, uSi’n j £j* (8 \ E^s- («O o-nJ ( 12^ c«.*i b e eKjare&e *I
cU
x c = - r é Q+ ~ Ccr^ e ^ .) OO
Vc = »* ® X ^ S 0 5 ")
F í ^ c l IÍ' j > d i f ferenFí<vbú>n of (£ ) a.r*.eL f r ') y ; e l d $
X r - - Y s*‘r* © 6 flg)
# y' (
y r = -£ cos & e (yj)
Tke K ín ctíc en e rg^ o f "Hí es y s + e m ( t ' ) ca-n keex-^resíe<¿ o í
T - 1 m,(¿J + + X ¡rr ¿ 2 + X me ( ¿ £l + ^ )
+ z 7c ¿ 2 + i *> ( X | * ■+ V f,1 )
2
= t ~ SZ + t + Í w c { (.¡¡¡rfe - t - E - coS2' 0 - f ^ ^
+ 2 y Sin 9 e o s 9 tás* <fi) r 2 é + lL t o s * 9r ’ Q % \ + k .*cf
+ ■- W p ( r * Si'n 6 ¿ •+■ i S m 2 f¿ ¿ Z -f 2 r ji S i n Q tín ft ¿ < fi) O 8)
Z f “the e ^ u i v ^ l e n t rotc^Fory i n e r t e of th e \ j j U o \ z S ystem
ctL o u t th e p o íp t O ís d e n o f e d cu tfce K m 6 F e e n erg i/
o f tfce S y íte m ( T ) CcLVn he ^ rttte rt
T = i é 2- (lO
By eguCL-Vinj E^S* (15 ) (v J [ 0O > f * e e^ u ivo/len t- rc.fo.F 0 r 3
inertia» o f the o ffs e t ¿líder CrtinK rnecha.n.‘Cm c<a.n be

e x .p r e s S e d ¿U
i _ f 2* Í ,Z l L- 2 J
In v íe iv o f E fi' ( 2. 0 ) co-n te re w rrtte n cu
2.
I 2_ 2 (*" ^ 2
^ = 2j~ m p r .f Jr -j- mc r < (sm 2 6 ~ c o í Z© f c ^ ^
A
+ ^- Sin 2 0 k/» f ) + ^2_ c o y 1 e f + Je i- ii£ _ S .

2 7 r a f r ee«^
+ r 1 C st” Z0 + s ' n / - ° S^- - + 2 Sin s Sin ai c° se

r C osV ^ ^ '
or
.
I 2 f % 2 X| a i- * ^
Jgg = ¿j" m r r + + ™c r ¿ L s 1n ®* ‘^ 'í co s 0 ic ^ ^
-V- Ai- s ‘n 20 d ) •+■ A i- c o s ^ S £

j? y r f
<^JT_ + m . S Í s in 2 e + t o / e f e” $
r cosV i* 1
-+ S in 2 0 t o /r » ^ ^ (2 0
1-41
@ <*> r r ^ i F¿ = AcLmping $crce o£ C¿ - ( *-2. ~ ^ ¡ ) j l ~ lj2' 3
-ekp*- F e ^ - ¿ e -m p in j fotC Z o f ( * 2 “ * ')

= F, -f- Fz. -f- F 3
:&g, = c ¡ +■ c 2 +
(<=) P| = C . f i * - ¿ , )
FpifS &
K ñ l = c z (*■3 ~ * 2-)
F3 = C3 ( ± H ~ * 0
9C^ - *1 = *3 f 7Í-5 - *2 + *2.

ra. F,
Ü -f +
c3
Cfi&
-L. — — +■
S írtce Pe®
"Cg =
- F
r ».- r2
F2 =
- F3
r3 Ce& C| “¿I + t
( c ) Efiua-tirtg -t\ie e n e r g ie s dfes í pa-hecA ¡d co c g c U j
1T Cc5 x f - 7TC, 05 X,Z + TT C ¿ 09 * / -f 7T c3 ü X3
U íU re X, - e /, , X ¿ — 0^z ** = 0
- C, + c
( f d) Efrua-iínj the. erxergfes ¿ í s-r 1 pa^te.J m o, c ^ c le ;

7T 03 ^ = TV c f 1 ^ ^ C t2 0> + 7T Cf 3 03 e 3
U/kens e2= < 3 ,( ^ ) e ? ~ G \ (~ K ¡) '

y,
nj Î\
cf - c¿¿ + c t2 Í3
1 h2 r>?V
1 -4 2
F i'g . (O,)
F .'g - (O
L.et X ,, * 2 , X = ctla.tem en t s o $- p o »n t í A ,B j c
»n F ij- (¿O
F¿ - fo r c é o/ dóLm êr ¿ t = i 32
Frorw F, 3- OO.» 0
Í1
x - x . 4 — !-------( x 2 - X | ) = — -— - * 1 4 —
L {+ l z £ , + ^2 ^2
ojyuA ft&wce
• _ i % *1
X - X. -f X CO
1, + i i ’ * ,+ í
For v e r t ic a l fo rcé ayjujMbJvlus™ ( R ' 3 . b') :

F - F, -t- Fj. C? )
For motne^t e^y-ulrb ríum ad>aui~ p o in i C ^ F i 'j ■ ¿ 0 ;
F,z L
*2 = F, í , CO
Egí- (.3 3 a-nA Gt ) 9 >ve

_ FHz
F /
F,= F, = CO
£ ,+ * « . l, + * t
1-4 3
V e lo c ít v e s e x p e n 'e n e e d l bj d a -m p e rs:
= — = -L ií C é)
c < 0,(1,+- h )
Fi - F * ' f >
* ‘ = c 2 (tl. M f’ >
Velo c ífy po»nt C (o r forcé F^) ca^ te fcuruk u s ín j
y • (é ) G-rrv^ Í7 ") Ír> • (2 ) •*
¿ = 1 + F _ l i ! co
c . C < .+ Í 0 E c * c * ,t íz > z
Tê Q<£ja JL\{aXlj)nfc cL&srr~^> iVuj o-^- fÍTS i *">
He A íre ctío r» ^ oc, C £, fs“ g íven
ce = _L = (J i + * 0 * c i c *
¿ ----------— :----------: C9)
í, c, + cx
1 -4 4
Damping constant desired = c =
— 1 Ib-sec/in, viscosity of the fluid =
M = 4M reyn = 4 (10~6) lb -sec/in 2
3 7rD3 < ? ( l - F - ^ )
c = l±\ D (1)
4 dc
Assuming x = D /d as the unknown with € = 2 in,

d K- Eq. (1) can be written as
3 TT^fx3
c = /i (1 + ^.) or l = ( 4 ( 1 0 ~6"
- e) ) (' 3 * ( 2 ) ) x3 (1 + - ) ( 2)
This gives x3 + 2 x2 — 53,051.52 = 0

Using a trial and error procedure, the solution of this cubic equation can be found as
x ~ 36.92. Using D = 3 in, we get d = 3/36.92 = 0.08126 in.
1 -4 5 )
3 TT D 3 / 3) = cí/'a/me.'ter faís'ton
c =
( n - 2- V
4 J 3 Í = c^xCaJ ftenj-bh o £ písrion
45 ju r e y n o ld s d = Tc^Jí'aÁ clea.rcL .'noe
( frorn s h ijle y * ? [t\ e c h a .n i'ca ,í
E n jC n e e r in j DesC<yn\
L e± d = o •0 0 \" , D = 2-4* CLYI d cubo v e . e ^ u .a stto n 3 1 'v e s
3
3 7r .4 ) l Z * o * 00
IO? = (4 $ X 10 é +
4 C0 .0 0 1^)3
//
i = o» 6 Í 17
1 -4 6
Tó-n.^ e n 'tCouÁ ve.ioc.rty of i'nner c y l i n d e r - ~ OS |í|>
For sma-LL di, re d e o/ cka^nye of v e lo d ly o/
flu id is ^
dr ~ "I T T
skt e cx r S'treS’.? ketru/een c y l inde.es i's-
~ , dv D üj D
r - Z ¿r " Z1
cund sk eccr -Forcé, is 2. * /v — - — “
^ v 7T/4 ] T « (*-4)
F = r-A re^ - ^ 7TD ( / - ¿ ) = -----
Tor%ue d e v e lo p e j - M fl = F •-S-
For ítn a X L k , rcvte 0/ cfio-nye 0 /
Veíc?ci4y Qf -fluid in v c r tiC a Á d ir e c íio n . ¡s
dv _ r ca
¿y t urui
Skecur stress 1' s 'F = / * ¿ y ¿
F o rc é an o-recu c¡A =• dF = 't' cM
lo r ^ u e ke-éw een \>ob:bom su.rfa~ce.s of cylinde.es ¡s
A1^-2 = f j 1 ^ U/kere J f. r — /£ !_dr d©
u « 2-Tr UCTTP^
í.e -, = 'V J / Z . J r d¡? = - e¿h k ~
r -o e~ o _ 4-
OS D
*Tb-¿a~L -¿rorgue - /Y)¿ - M t| + = 7r/u -0 0 C Í ~ -A + — ^1
4- d
E x !¡>ress\ny Al. a-¿ c-fc V “ c* 65 ^ /2 . ■> lve 3et píny c o n s i o-rit:
da.mp¡
3
C , - 7T ^ 3 )2 ( " í - -A ) 7 T M 33
•fc :------------- + C------
Z d 32 k
1 -4 7
1.60
F = KOQO V 4- 4 0 0 V 4- 2o V fO
Ta-ylors sen 'es e*pGLr\ s<oy\ o$ Efr - ( O ¿^ o a f" tfre o p e r a / h n ^
ve io cid 'y v* r lo rw/s Jíve? ttse liV»ea,n z e J J o-vnp (‘y\j

c.onsfca.nt ( c ) cm £ s e e SecWon i.s-2 ] ;
c - —
Jv
II v ~ v *
F ¿r £g , (O ,
dF l =r ooo + 8 oa V ~t €> O V ^ ^ _ y* _ {0
d v I V#
5S \O 60 + ZOO ( l o ) + 6<5 ( 10 ) = 15 o o o O )
H en ee li'n e c x n Z e d da.vn[>\«j c o n s fa - n f »'f < ¿ e f ¡ n e . J
f - C V i x h t fc c ~ 15 OOO N - */m •
1 -4 8
F ro r* Pro ble™ \' 60j tfce Im e a t V z e J Ja.m|»iV»g c o n s t s - n i oj-
tfre tu/© d c L m p e rr ís gi'ven Uy c x 15OO0 N/-^/w ( í 01" €cL¿k).
w/\e* fújo cAa'Vrypers ojee c o n n e c t e d ín Js c L m it e l 5 ffce
e ^ u i ’ v c ^ le n i: d <a~m |ofr» g e o o S 'f c É t n t Ts* ^ i V e y i ¿>^ ( See
S e c t io n 1. 3 . 3 a rtJ Pr©blem 1*55):
C e£ = C, h- C2 ^ 2 C r 30 000 N -s /m
1 -4 9
Fram Problem I*6 0 ; lío e c L n 'z e d d o-vr-ip i'ny c o n S P o - n f"
£<»~cU o f V ke tú/s d í t m j a e r s ís g í v e n ty
Cr 15 00 0 N -s / v n .
two <ka.m\oeyc$ cure c o n n e c F e Ji 1V 1 s e r fe s ^ , ttze

£ ^ t ív o - íf in t d a m p íA j con stan t ís 5 1 v e n ky (íe e
S ectíd n I-3 - 3 ctricA Proklevr? (.5 5 ^ :
1 -5 0
F o r c é - v e l o city relctfíor» o£ ffce cAo-mper:
2 'i
F =■ 5 o o v -+ ( 00 v + v (O
L Tr>e o»rt‘z e d c o n s f ^ f oj? irke dcur> fer c J' kkc

^ r ^ i n g velocffy V* = S "/ * ís g ív e v . b-j (s e e
sec/h'on (. 9 -2 ^) :
c = a 7 L = v * = ( 5 0 0 + 1 0 0 v + > s 0 v a ; j v , = 5
= 506 f (ÍÚO + 3 7 5 O r 52.50 N - S/ ^ (z ^
l£ |m€CLrt'zeJ c^ cly*t |jm j c o n s f ’ít n i' ( c ) ís used o jt o^n
opertt.(-!ng v e U c .- fj o f ,o £ c r ce (p )
ís givev^ ty
F - C V = 5 2 5 0 ( io ) - 52,5(30 N O )
T ^ € ot-cûc^l da-ir» rfo rc e gíver ty tf>e n o n l i n e a . r

dcum f e r , E ^ . ( 1 ^ i5
^Lcfcul = 5 o o ( í o ) + (o o ( « o 2 ) + S o ( lo3) ~ £5, oóo N (?0
Tûs -tk « e rro r ¡revolved i‘n e r t »m a ,íV n j cAoumfstny
fo rc é «S
Í 5 J0 0 0 - 5 2>, 5 0 0 =. ( 1 *. 5 0 0 N
or L? ' 5 x/oo = 13.25/ ( u n á e r -es'b i'rm cLi'i'on ) .

é5,ooo
1-51
The Á oJ kl. a r e f í o f M ,n CU « j r o f /, cu5 telow- The
¿Aeimpi'n^ co n sfcm}" cr".í t e ota-mper «s 5 ,' v ei') ^ s l^ p e
°f ttTe f o r c é - velo c-íf^ XiVê :
C ce f- z ? ° °._ = 3 , 1 Z 5 •S N -^ /m
V <J. | 5 5
V (v » /s )
1 -5 2
Flout Jila, f e s in p a se *-(íel w íK l u b rS c c L ^ k ¿f»*ím fn oet u/ een
Su ffc L c e o x e a , o£ fo f> f > M e (a )= o - 25 m2

Fi'Ihn t h i C K Y i e S S ( ¿ i ') = |*5 mrr. - 0.0 0 ( 5 m
V .'sco s.'F y o f lui) rrccLvxt ( yu) - 0§5 p*, _ *
(a.') Doumpv'nj constctn-fc ( c ') •.
c r ^ ° '; _ 8 3 ,3 3 3 3 N J - 'S / m
^ O' O O l S
(t) E>a*-> pTog ¿orce d eve io ^ ed U /b e n v = 2 /s .
F - C V = 8 3 - 3 3 33 O ) r (6£ . £ £ £ £ N
1 -5 3
To rS ncJÍ ¿tcLmjomg ConS’fa.n't Joum oX b& ^rin j ;
V\'s C O S Í fy o£ l u L n 'c a -n t - - o -3 5 Pcw-i’
P ía m e l'e r 0/ $bc^£Í - ^ R. = o - o 5 vn
Lev^K o¿ bG{^r»>r>3 - | - 0*075 **
B ectftnj c le c L r a n o e r ck - o >o q S rn
h o h -\ ;o o o l ^ e e o í = Ni = 3 0 0 0 rp ™ or 09 ~ 3 1¿ f i é
X>a-^p,'Yn^ fbryjê dleyeí^pS-ol ( t ' ) .*
T ;r ft t t yu R3 jj c¿> ^ 2 7T ( b - 3 5 ) ( o > o 2 5 3 ) C o > o 7 S ) C ^ ¿f* * Q
^ 0-005
- O • lé ( ? N - m
T o v S j‘ or>aA ÁcL\mjoírij consbcL\rxb £ ’
Ci = - í - - ° ’ í f i j - - 0 - 0 0 0 5 I S 3
■í
^ 3 l¿<- 16
1 -5 4
Tof Sionai ckCLVr*p t'rtJ Cons (ra_V\4r =: C £ =■ ^ 7T^
Damf í ng \ cxy¿& < k e v e i o jo e d - y - =r 2__________ ________
Ranees o / pa.'ccitneiers:
5 / p o ,-S => (0-332S, o . ? é 7 5 )
R- 0 - 0 2 5 ± 5 / . rv\ ^ C °‘ 02 37 5;> 0 ' 0 ¿ í 2 5 )
j2 - 0-075 ±5/- ^ ^ C^’ 0 7 1 ^ 5 -» 0 - 0 7 S 7 5 )
d x 0'005±5/ m =$► ( 0 ‘O O 4 7 5 ; O > o o 5 2 5 )
N=30OO±5/. rfsrn or
Ce? - 3 1/i-lé ± 5 / r o -J /s =?> 32-9 • S é á 1 )
Xx^tng oJÜZ f»¿>5S; tíe eorr» b í n a ^ i o n í ojL ( í w e r a/rud
u*j5f>er bourel ya ~ & u £ ¿ o£ fc v t p a ra m e fe rs’ (a*
f>r<^rcMm ís wn-ffen ^ 0r f b í s p a r p ó s e ) , -fce Tanges o /

Ct o/y\A T a r e ôuneJ fe be
: » (o *000 3 1 1 8 , O•OQQ 6 9 2 ¿j fs/ - rn - ¿
T C°* 0- 2. 2. g¿ f ) N-m
Têse CorreSôncA fe (?ercen t fefeJ £ fe e > u a + Y o r> s
c _ o - o o o 6*9 2 4 - 0 . 0 0 0 3 7 9 S
b " --------------------------------------------------- x to o , , •/
C o m e a n = o - o o e 515 3 é O- 6 6 3 7 / .
0-2.2.24 - 0- 1 13 4
T - — • .X ( 0 0 - 7 1 . o ^ 15 y
(^T )/ mea.^
^ = o >16\1 /o
ívi/\TLAB pro^rcu** clkJ o u fp u f are jAoun or fo/íolWnj

[3a g e .
1 -5 5
c le a r a l l ; c ió s e a l l ; e le ; form at lo n g g
mu_mean = 0 .3 5 ;
R_mean = 0 .0 2 5 ;
l_mean = 0 .0 7 5 ;
d_mean = 0 .0 0 5 ;
N_mean = 3000;
w_mean = 314.16;
v ariation = 0 .0 5 ;
mu = [mu_mean*(1-variation),mu_mean*(1+variation )] ;
R = [R_m ean*(1-variation), R__mean*(1+variation) ] ;
1 = [l_m ean *(1-va ria tion ), l_m ean*(1+variation)] ;
d = [d_m ean*(1-variation), d_mean*(1+variation)] ;
% N = [N_mean*(1-variation),N_mean*(1+variation)] ;
w = [w_m ean*(1-variation), w_mean*(1+variation)) ;
fo r i l = lrlength(mu)
fo r i2 = l:length(R )
for i3 = l:le n g t h (l)
for i4 = l:len g th (d )
for i5 = l-.length(w)
Ct ( Í l , i 2 , i 3 , i 4 , i 5 ) = 2 *p i*m u (il)*R (i2 )A3 *l ( i 3 ) / d
( i4 ) ;
T(il,i2,i3,i4,i5) = 2*pi * mu( i l ) * R( i 2 ) A3 * l ( i 3 ) / d ( i 4 )
* w( i 5 ) ;
end
end
end
end
end
Min_Ct = min (min (min (min (min (Ct ( : , : , : , : , : ) ) ) ) ) )

Max_Ct = max (max (max (max (max (Ct )
Min_T = min (min (min (min (min (T ( : , : , : , : , : ) ) ) ) ) )
Max T = max (max (max (max (max (T ( : , : , : , : , : ) ) ) ) ) )
Min_Ct =
0.000379828829490285
Max_Ct =
0.000692439904555133
Min_T =
0.113360673819034
Max_T =
0.228413766435793
EDU»
1 -5 6
/ líS u m p lio rtí m a-d e :
i• vrsco w í is ín c o m p r e s s t ¡9 le .
2* v e lo c ity o£ p fs ío n ís Sma^Ll.
3. ftouss f i o w TcJce o } f l u ¡ J -HKrou^K f k e oríft'ce «’s K n d w n
Ín térm s o f t e t>ressur e c t'ffe n e n c e cx cro ss fíe o r i 'j V e e * .
(V\a,ss f / o w r a f e (" $ . ) = (j )
U/bere a¿ is o* c o n H a n t , k n o w n fro vn ex*per¡m ents
J~ s e e : B - R * f^ u n so n ; P • F •Y o u n ^ ^ T* W* O l t i i s h l ccncf
\J,W' H u e b s c b F u n d a m en t a l s ©£ pltAi'J (flecha.»i'cSj
é ^ gJUfc te n , Jo b n Wf l e y J 2 0 0 s ] t
The v o lu m e fío W ra fe o f t e g'lut'J t rovtg k fíe or¡£\'c>e

can be ex p resseJ a¿
- A V (i)
«P
w kere ^ - c k e n s ífy of ^ z cu rca o f- j®«‘ sFo n í u r f a c e
an<S v ; V e lo c ífy o£ J»i‘s t o n . £n V(-e w 0£ . (,) ^ -(i) can
be exj^ressed
\ÍAp >Í^™P a2 n
- - A v or V - — (3 )
0 6 f A
S ín c e tfce p ís fo n v e loe i f j »‘s a *V u /vn je J H te ^ m a i£ j> f í e
ío rce an t e p.’s f o n ( F ) c a n be f o u n c A a ¿
F r Ajo • A <?r A p - — O )
A
U s ín j Eg,* (¿i ^ ín E^-(3) , We o b fa in
V = or F = * 2 / A3 v2 C O
oí £ A '
t Kus He forcé - v e U c í f y reí-afi'on ís scVen
F = c v* O )
1-57
2 2. 3 v
wkere C is tk * o\a.mpfng cor* S Í ¿xr>t ^ C - o¿ J A y*
N o t e : |. T k e dcuTLjamj forcee. ( ? ) ** p r o pe> r t Ton oA fc> f t e
sûo-re of v eld ci+ y. H e n ee H e ot a m j i e r ÍS
r*o a l i n e a r .
2. H e cüa-mpmg forcé- velocífy r di 0/4" Ton 5
ca-y* t e lineo-rizeJ A-feo u f <3^ ^ oêr^ ín -^ v'e/octfy
C V *} h fíV id «Jn cej'p roX im ce't'e X- i nea- r Jcim pm j
Cor* sfcavit •
1 -5 8
F = a x + b ¿ 2 = 5 x + 0.2 x2
F(¿) ~ F (io) + |¿o (¿ - ¿o)

dx
dF
A t Xq = 5 m /s, F(¿q) = 5 (5) + 0.2 (25) = 30 N , —— |¿o = (5 + 0.4 x) |5 — 7 and henee
dx
F(x) = 30 + 7 (x - 5) = 7 ¿ - 5.
Thus the linearized damping constant is given by F(x) ~ 7 x = x or = 7 N—s/m .
Damping constant due to skin friction drag is:
c = 100 ¿i £2 d (i)
Damping constant of a píate-type damper is:
/i A
(2)
c> = —
where A = area of plates and h = distance between the plates. If the area of plates (A)
in Fig.. 1.42 is taken to be same as the area of the píate shown in Fig, 1.107,we have A =
£ d. Equating (1) and (2) gives
2 j fi £ d
100 / i r d = (3)
from which the clearance between the plates can be determined as h =

ioo e
1.71 6 7T /i £ -h
C= h
a -------
2
When fj, = 0.3445 Pa-s, £ = 0.1 m, h = 0.001 m, a = 0..02 m, and r = 0.005 m:
6 7T (0.3445) (0.1) ,, 9 0.022 — 0.0052

- 0.001
c = -------(io~~3f — r ° ' 02 ~~ ° ' 0005) “ ° -005 0.02 - 0.0005
= 4,205.6394 N - s /m '
1-59
6 7TLL l a 2 - r2
a - h
C ~ h3 h
a 2
B a ? t'c d a,fccu : / r ,n , J _
\o cm , -h r o . I ^ = 2 c^n , r - 0 ' 5 cm J
/a - o - 34^5
Dca.m.pín^ c o n s i a,r\í u/i'tA tc^Si'c eÁcL-taj *.
C - 4 .2 o 5 - 6 2 3 0 N -s/m
fa ) r c h & n je d to 1 Cm ; new c = 2 ,6 1 7 *7 ? 2 o N - s/i r
(t) h cha-njed to 0*05 cm) n£W c — 35’ ; <5(£0*ff<H 0 N-S/m
(c ) ce c h o-n g e d ío 4 cm j new Cz 3 8 , 7 5 4 * S'SíCJ NJ - S^/rn
1 -6 0
©
Lek vel o c í f y o /
p oint A be ¿ . xf ©
¡S ’fch'S. QlH^4jlÁa ¡\ velo cíflj
of ffce bar aJ>ou.F fFe
Jaívof (ooínb O , tíre U n ear
v e lo cC fíe s o f j»o»nt.s
/A > B cxAnud c oJxc g ive n bg
* - X © = e
~ ^2. & ~ 0.75 0
0 = o .2 ^ ¿
V a jm ffa j g o rc e s o jr po\nt S B cuvuoi C a re g iv e n bg
F2 r C2 = o-7 5 Ca é - c -7 5 (l 5 ) é - 11 •2. S ¿
F|= c , í£, - 0-25 C| e - 0 ‘ 2*5 ( l a ) G =z-5 o 0
AS Summg <°pj¿VoJUsrJ: aL a^rv^ng Covv¿t¿uyjF cd~ f>*¡rvt A
> "tte ^ orce F car» b e G'X*f>ress&d a J
F = c eg, ^ = c e^ ®
Momerrt eûilíbri'u m €_^j*¿¿dj£(Tn oJaoi¿^~ "tire. pivak p o in 't O

g»ve s
F í = F, í , + F2 t z
or
C ^ é ( l ) = 2-5 @ ( 0 . 2 5 ) + 11-25 ¿ ( 0 .7 5 )
of
C e g, = 3 - 0 6 2 5 N - y m
1-61
For tú/o douvnjaeirs i* s e r ie s j
tfce e ^ u i \jaÁjLs-fdz cÁ ccm f^ín^
C on S t a n t ís g /v e n by c„
»
-i i- - | ce ^ 2
i y /y ^ /v ,
+ — ~ —
ci c,
€í
or
eí 2-
F o r two cAam|oerí ío ^ a r a - l i e ij the eû» v a J e n t d a -m fín g
C O r > j s t a ,n t i‘ s g ív e n bg
= c 2 = 2 C2
Tbus +Ke S ystem co.yi be r e f»(a -c ^ e d by *fce t u / o e ^ u » vaXeA-d'
donnjaers iV» p a .r o ~ £ £ ^ oj> ^kow r» ín -fte S l3 u cJoove*
Tbe overaJX e ^ jj-iv o -ííi^ k (A c u r r ^ in ^ c o n íto u n f »s 3 t ' v e n by
c - C , r „ Ci
e? V + e£ * - Y + 2CZ
So t b a t
F= S V
1 -6 2
le
x = 5 -h z <■ - Ae - A C05 9 + *- A -íín e
A eos © = 5
A = J(A eos e ) l + (A e ) 2, = J s ¿+ z 1 - 5 -1 8 5 2
A ?ín 0 = 2
*“ ■ ' ( > ) = * > W
= i + 2 2 = cb¿ + Cbz L «2_ - 3- 4 i = + ^2 2
X = ^¿ + ^2 = f 0*1+ + *■ (^ 2 .+ ^2") ~ 4 - 2 i
= A e 20 -= A eos 0 + 2 A Sin 0
A= \¡4Í + - 4 -4 7 1 1
9= W ' (’-■!■) = - 26-5651=

Zl = (3 - 4 i), z2 = (1 T 2 i)
Z = Zl — Z2 = (3 - 4i) - (1 + 2i) = 2 - 6i = A e16
-6
where A = V 2 2 -f (—6)2 = 6.3246 and 0 = tan-1 = tan 1 (—3) = — 1.2490 rad
Zj = 1 4 2i, z2 = 3 — 4i
z = Zi z2 = (1 + 2i)(3 - 4i) = 11 -f 2i = A e1
where A = V i l 2 + 22 = 11.1803 and 9 = tan-1 ( 2 / l l ) = 0.1798 rad
1 +2 i _ ( 1 + 2 i)(3 + 4 i) _ - 5 + 10 i _
= -!l = -0.2 + 0.4 i = A e1
Z z2 3 -4 i Í 3 - 4 D Í 3 + 4 i) 25
where A = V ( - 0 . 2 ) 2n+ (0.4)2 = 0.4472
and 6 — tan-1 ~ = tan-1 ( -2 ) = - 1.1071 rad

0.2
1 -6 3
x(t) = X eos cj t , y(t) = Y cos (cj t + <f>)
x2 y2
(a ) — = eos2 cj t, — = eos2 (cj t + </>),
xy
eos <j) = 2 eos cj t eos (cj t + (¡)) eos 4>
XY
—
X2
+ ¿Y2 2 y y cos <t>
,2
= eos2 CJ t + eos2 (cj t + 4>) — 2 COS CJ t COS <j) cos (cj t + 4>) (1)
Noting that eos2 ct = — (1 + eos 2 o:), Eq. (1) can be rewritten as
x2 y2 x y
x 2” ~ y 2 2 x T cos ^
= -i- + -i- cos 2 cj t + — + — cos (2 cj t + 2 4>) — 2 cos cj t cos (j) cos (cj t + (f>)
2 2 2 2
2 c J t + 2 c j t + 2¿» 2cjt — 2cjt — 2

. 1 + r 2 cos --------------------------------- cos---------------- -------------
— 2 COS CJ t COS 4> cos (co t + 4>)
= 1 + COS (2 CJ t + (f>) cos ó — 2 COS CJ t cos ó cos (c j t + (f>)
= 1 + cos (2 CJ t + (¡)) cos <j>— 2 COS (j) jeos (cj t + — cj t ) + cos (cj t + (j) + CJ t ) j
= 1 + cos <¡> cos (2 cj t -f (j)) — cos (j) j cos <j) + cos (2 cj t + <f>)
= 1 — eos2 (j) = sin2 (j) (2)

(b) Wben <¡> = 0, Eq. (2) reduces to
x y_
f - -2 -Í Z - = 0
X2 Y2 XY X Y
X
which gives X = ± — y. This indicates that the locus of the resultant motion is a
7r
straight line. When (j) = — , Eq. (2) reduces to
¿i
x2 . y2 = l
X2 Y2
which denotes an ellipse with its major and minor axes along x and y directions,
respectively. When <j> = n, Eq. (2) reduces to that of a straight line as in the case
of (j) — 0.
1 -6 4
Equation for resultant motion:
? + ? ' ! I y ' oi! í = ' íiI í (1)

X2
When. y = 0, Eq. (1) reduces to —— = sin2 (j) and henee:
x = ± X sin (j> — ± 6.2 = OS in figure (2)

^j¿
When x = 0, Eq. (1) reduces to = sin2 <p and henee:
y = ± Y sin ó = ± 6.0 = OT in figure ( 3)

It can be seen that
OR = X eos cp = 7.6 in figure (4)
OS X sin 6.2
= tan
7.6
= 0.8158 or A = 39.2072° (5)
OR X eos
From Eqs. (2) and (4), we find
X = V (X sin <f>)2 + (X eos <f>)2 = V(6.2)2 + (7.6)2 = 9.8082 mm
Eqnations (3) and (5) give

6.0 6.0
Y = = 9.4918 mm
sin (¡> sin 39.2072c
1 -6 5
(CU) X (t) « cas (5 0 i 4 <* ) m U/Kere A ÍS i'n mm ------- (g *)
tooo
x(0) = 1^5 cos * = ° - ° 03 A COS c{ = 3 (e z)
¿ (o ) = - 5 o A sin o( — 1 A. Sir> o( = - 2 0 (e 3)
fOOO
¿ ={(rfC0r pí) 1 + ( A sín «<)*■ } 1/Z — 2 O ’ 2.237 mm
* " te tn ” 1 ( ^ co F^ ) = ^£2-n _ i ( " S * 6 e 6 ~ 0 = - S í- 4- 69 2 ° = - 1 - 4 2 1 9 raA
x (£ ) = 2.0 * 2 2 3 7 COS ( s ' o t - 1 - 4 2 1 9 ) mm
(k ) C O S (A - tB ) = COS A coS B — Sin A Sin B
E g - (E i) ca-n be e x ^ re s s e d cts x (t) = A e o s so t- co s c < - A sin 5ob-S'nqí

= A± COS 091 -h A 2 s’,
'n 09^
w kere 09= 5 0 , = A eos c< , A^= -A sin <*
/. x ( t ) = (3 eo s 5o t 4-2 0 Sin 5o t ) mm__________________________________
x (t) = A l COS C9Í 4 A 2 Sin C9t
d £ (t) - - Ai ^ St'n as fc 4 A z 09 cos Cát , j ^ = - A i 69Z eos cat - At c32 Sin 051
dt
j 2-“57
* = / ¿
_ c?2, x ( t ) tJhere o [s cu c o n s teunt
H en ee x (fc ) ís cu s im p le fiarmonic im o b o n ,
(cu) USfng tri^ e m o m e tric rela/bionS :

X 1(-fc) = 5- (eos 3 t cos 1 - .Sin 31 sin 1 )
X 2( t ) = 1 0 (e o s 3 Í COS 2 - Sín 3 t S.ín 2 )
X (fe ) = X t ( t ) 4 x 2 ( » - e o s 3-fc ( 5 eos 1 4 10 cos 2) - sin 3 t ( 5 sin 1 + ío sin 2 )
rf x ( t ) - A cos (0 9 ^ 4 * ) = A COS cai eos a - A sin C¿t sin ,
03 = 3 , A eos fi< =5 1 -j- 10 eos 2 = - 1 -4 5 9 9 ,
eos
A sin C< = 5 -Sin i 4 10 Sin 2 = 1 3 - 3 0 0 3
A= y (A eos Ci ) 2+ ( A sin C*)z * = 13 • 3 802
q/ = ( A sin of N _ t<xn_ 1 (-9 - 1104) = 9 6 -2640°= 1-68 ra J
V A eos o< / 0 0
Angle be-tween x t (t) and x (t) i? 96-2640 “ 5 7-3 = 38-964
(fc ) l/sing v e c to r a d d i- t io n ;
P o r a-n o x íih r c u r ij vculue o f

( G 3 t 4 l ) , -fiarm on ic m o tio n s
X i ( t ) an d x 2( t ) c a n t e sko w n
a s in tK e p i g u r e . From
v e c t o r a - d d it io n , w e p tn d
x (t)d 13-38 c o s (c s -t + 1 4 8 )
1 -6 6
( c ) U sín g com plex n u m t e rs :
%j_Ct)= Re [A i e i( a s t + 0 } = Re f £ +^ }
+ 2 .) |
x 2 (-t) = Re [ A 2 + = R.e [ l o e*
xf x ( t ) = Re [ A e í ( £‘s t + ° ° } >
A c o S (3 t+ * ) = A t c o s (3 t + l) + A ¿ e o s ( 3 -fc+ 2 >
)
»’€ ' A (eos 3 t eos c< - Sin 3 Í sin - 5 (eos s t* eos i - sin 3t- sín á.)
+ <0 (eos eos Z - Sin 31 - Sfn 2 ")
i-e ' A eos Of = 5 eos i -f-10 eos 2 , A Sin =• 5 Sin 1 + ÍO sin 2
A = 13*3 8 0 2 , = 1*68 rcud
* (■ £ ) = Re [± 3 - 3 8 o z e ^ 3 t + i6 8 ^ }
x(t)= ¡0 Sin ( c j - t 4- 6 0 ° ) = x t (i) + K z ( t )

where x í (-t) = 5 sin (u?t + 3 0 o) a_nc/ x z ( t ) = A sin ( e s t +■ <=<°)
10 ( s i n c s t eos 6 0 ° + eos 69t sin fio ) = ( ¿ in C&t CoS30 -f- Coscjh-sín 30°)
+ A (sin &st. coS eos cst-sin ° ( ° )
,0eos feo0 = sr COS 3o ° + A eos o (° ; ¿ cos ^ = 0. ^ 3^
10 Sin Q 0° = 5 Sin 30° -f- A sin c<° ; /\ sin cC° = fi- léO 3
A = V 0* ¿ G 9 3 Z + 6 * l f i0 3 2 = G*l ?f i é
c< = tcurT* ( G' {(° o 3 / o - 99^) = 83*7 ? 3 8 °
x 2. ( t ) = 6 -I7 6 6 Sin ( o ? t -1- 8 3 • 7 (? 3 8 ‘3 )
/ "“ X 'X (- t) = CoS + sin TTt

(I.Só) 2
= £ cos 3 1 -t ^ 1 + 4 sin
From H e na-ture oj^ H e

gra-ft <?•£ x C t ) , i-t
co-n te êen x (- t)
1*5 p e r io íiic u/i du
Hme ^ e rto c l <?£ ?r= 4 -
1 ^ x(t) is harmonic , x (t) = - * (t)

He re x ( t ) = 2 e os zt + eos 3 t
X (t) = - 8 COS 2 t - 3 eos 3-fc ^é- - conSta-n-t tim es x(é)
X (H ) is no¿ t a r m o n i c ______
1 -6 7
X (t) = X-iC-t) + * 2( t ) = 3 s,n 3 ot + 3 S,n 29 t
S l'n c e sin a -+- sin B= 2 Sin eos A~ B ,
x(t) = ^6 eos í ^ s i n ^ t
t HíS eguceticm shou/s
th a d r th e a m p lit u d e
(é c o S -| -) veories usilh
ti’me between q> rna-Xi’rnum
Vculue o¡- 6 <xx\á cu
ín in ím u m vcuiue 0f O .
The f r e s u e n e y 0f thfs
amplitudes
o s c il l a / t f o n ( beo-t
f r e g u e n e y ) ,*s G3t = 1 .
N o te Bect-t fre g u e n e y ,‘ s tuAce t he fre g u e n e y o£ t h e te rm

6 eos t since pea.t<s pcL?s in ececb eyele o f (¡5 co S t )-
The resultant motion of two harmonio motions having identical amplitudes (X) but
slightly different frequencies (cu: and lo + 6ío) is given by Eq. (1.67):
8üj t 8 LOt
x(t) = 2 X eos lo t + eos
Thus the máximum amplitude of the resultant motion is equal to 2X and the beat
frequeney is equal to 8co. From Fig. 1. Tl3» tbat 2 X ~ 5 mm or X = 2.5 mm
and
8lo 2 7r 2 7r 2 7T
= 0.374 rad/sec
~2 ~ W ^larger 2 (1 2 .6 - 4 .2 )
8 lo 2 7r 2 7r
or 8co — 0.748 rad/sec and lo + = 6.2832 rad/sec
2 ^smaller t
Henee lo = 6.2832 - 0.3740 = 5.9092 rad/sec. Thus the amplitudes of the two
motions = X = 2.5 mm and their frequencies are lo = 5.9092 rad/sec and lo + 8co
= 5.9092 + 0.7480 = 6.6572 rad/sec.
A = 0* 05 m 09 = Hg- - 62-832 r c u c t / s ec
p e r io d = T - 2JL - 2TT = o-l sec

09 6 2-832
mctxímum ve l o c i t y ■= A 09 = o-oS x 62*832 =. 3*14(6 ni/s
rna-ximum cu e ce Lercu-b ion — A 092 = o - o 5 ( 6 2 * 8 3 2 )2 = (^7*393 r n /ss
1 -6 8
U3 = 15 c p s = 3 4 124 8 r&d/sec
= 0-5 f = 0 ‘S( 9 - 8 1 ) = 4 ’ 905 TT,/ s2- - A ÍSZ
A= am |> iitud e = 4 - 9 0 5/ ( 9 ^.. 2 4 2) z = o-ooo5522
X-tno-x - mcLx. v e l o c i b y - A es - 0 •05 204- ^ / s
X = A eos- o?i , X r«fl_x = A = 0*25 mm , X = - C3*A coS
X n ,a .x = ACO2' - 0.4 ^ - 3324 m m /j2 . ^ 2 - 2 3 2 .4 /^ = 15656 ( r o -J /s 'f
O p er a -tin j S p eed of fa u m p - 65 - 125 * 2 Í3 7 ra~d/s = Z5-3395 rpm
1-69
— o¿ h
x (i ) = A e * r
-
x (i) = o*75 29 85 - A e C O
* ( 0 = 0 -2 2 G 7 95 = A ( * )
3>i'Y/c(e E ¿*(0 bj E^-Cz"):
0-752 3 85 A£~t
0-2267 3 5 A ¿- 2 i
''€ - > C - 3-¿f968
or oí - ¿crj 3^965 = 1-2517 O
Frúm í . ( i ■) o. vi d C^ ^ > W <£ í i'n cf
0*752.98? rj, \
A - ------------------------------ = 2 ' 6 3 2S
- i* 2 5 17
e
1 -7 0
D í S p l GLoe vnev^t - (-fc ) :r i$ eos 8 i mm
(¿O Freûeney o £ ^ f l .r m o m » 'c mai i or \ - tá ~ § r
p j ^ _ 2.T T
P er.oa = r - — - - y - 0 . 7 s 5 ¿f ¿
(J>) of o s e í I ( c^tiOr» .*
^s- 8 re». J A = J _ Wz = l '2 7 3 i Hz

2 TT
1-71
M o -h ‘oy> o -f tte mcLcliíne r x - § s«*n ( s t + 1) ( 1)
ÜS\r^j t k e form u la fo r $ ¡n ( A -f B) ; £ g . CO be
wrtfcf'en ¿>v¿
Sin (S i + I ) = Sin 5 t . e o s 1 -f Co S 5 i • *ir» i ")
o-yxd 4>£yi6£
X rr 8S i o 5 t • Co f I •+- S co S 5 t * § in 1 (3 ^
E g . ( 3 >) t's io “f t e form
X r A S ' fl 5^ i S í -o s 5 Í 0f
A= 8 CoS 1 r S( o - 5 ¿ | 0 0 - ¿f • 3 2 2 ¿f ($ ^>
B r 2 S i*n 1 ~ 8 (o ■8¿i ¡li ' ) ~ £ . 7 31 2 ( f )
1 -7 2
x (t) ; - v o Sin 5t - 2*0 Cos s t (O
t£*0) ceLY\ ke ex-pressed m H e form
x ct) = A Grí (5 ¿ + O
— A Orí 5 1 * Caí — A 5 t • Sin ^ O2- ' )
Co mj o XTi ' ng c o r r e S joondCr»^ f e r m S 0 q_ cur-^Ji (7. } 3
we ofcttf tm
A COS - 2*0 ( 3^
A Sin r 3*0 (4 ^
DíVí diVtj (if ") by Eg •(3 ) ) w e ¡fiVid
ia m ^ = - 1-5 or ^ = _ < 5 6 - í o ‘? <?° ( O
whi'cVi 3 ¡ ves
co s jzí = o •B 5 ífi CO
E ^ u x í Í S ctyví (A ^ o ^ -A (6 ") gi've
a -2 -o 2-0
A - = - -- ------------- = - 3 -C o 5 5 (7 )
Co S ^ 0 ' 5 5 ’^ 7
.-. 7C ( t } - A tos ( 5 t+ ¡i)
- _ 3 -É6 5 5 OrS ( 5 t - S É • 3 f f 9 S ° )
= - 3 - 6 0 5 5 Ccrí ( í t - 0 . 9 8 2 ? ) (8 )
1 -7 3
D i *S m e ni :
x (O =• o - 2 s í* ( 5 t + O m
V e l o c»'fy *
¿ ( t -) = 1-0 csrí ( s t + 3 )
A c c e J e .r o /t iO r i:
x ( t ^ = -5 -0 Si n ( S t + O
A m pl»’ tu<l € S o d i ‘S pl a~cer* e n t , V e l o C t ’f y
o-.cc-eXe>vo-ÍIcnn ■
^ = 0*2 i = /-O w A . X = S 'O - / s*

Ytxfl-x ' m «-v
1 -7 4
X ( i ) = 0*19 Z ’o c o $ ¿j {r ít' C O
By expressTng E^-CO 0-4
X (t) - A Sin ( 4 - t 4 ^ )
=. A £siv» ^ e o s ^ 4- C0* L ft S\Y> <f> )
\//e ot>Í"cun
/\ tos ^ - o - 15 0 0
A Sin ^ r 2-00 (3 }
E ^ S • (2 } a^nJ. (3 } y »'el d
4- , 2 • OO o
W d - t - 13-3 333 or <b - 8 5 -7 \ 0 8
T 0*15 “
- ( . 4 <? 5 9 ra-fiA
ounc|
. 0-15 0-15
A ~ ----------- ' — — 2 ’ oo 5 é
eos ^ o ' o 7 ^S
.*. X ( i ) s 2 *0056 Si n ( A ¿ 4- l ' ^ 9 S O »*n
Velo c i l y :
x (-t') - 8-0224 a * ( / * i 4- I •4 9 S O ¡"/* e c
A c c e le rc^ tio v i J
x. ( * ) = - 3 2. o s s e Sm O * + 1- 4 3 5 3 ') <"/s ec.1
Arn p l i t u o l e s o£ d ^ s-^ lc L ^ e m e n t ., velooi^ y oavé ! a.c-¿êIero-tcern
aJ\e:
X m^ - 2-0056 »«
r¿ - 8 .0 2 * A VV) / Sfie
mcut.
* rn x ~ 3 %• 0 8 s e fn / se cx
1 -7 5
*(£ ■ ') - o '0 5 s ¡O (ó'b + m
X (*t - O ) zi o - o ¿j — o' O 5 ^ ir» ^
or s ;n 0 = _ 0 . g
o -o s
w hicl^ <j(ves
 - o *o O 5 t n /^ Q¿f)
D iv id e E j- C O by E f - C O -éo f m d
<2^ O -O 5
u - — IO
6 o-oo5
f - -Icl/vT* C e a ) = 8 1 ■ o Lf 5 1° — I- <5S i f l ra J . (ir )
Eg,S • Q3~) cla-uA (5 give
A sin 1• S s A I — o •o 5
o -o 5 - (í ^
OY - =: o -o5 m v y
0/339561
1 -7 7
Frg£uer>cc^ — 2o Hz — ZO (2 ir) = 40 TT Y'olA/ s
Am pfifw áe of a .c c e J e r « ,f r ío Y i - a. S ^ - 0 .s ( 9 * § 0
= 4-’ 9 0 5 m / z S 2-
xf x (£ ) = A sin ;
X fh r A 05 Có t
x (fc ) - — A 65>Z ^ t
Xn tfce |a^tC4-€>v\Jr .>
A6SX = ¿ f 9 ' f 5 - A O 0 Tr') * ’
A 4 *9 0 5
or A " . . . - 0 - 0 0 0 3 10 6 m r 0-3106
(4*0 7 0 *
hev^ce - f t e . d ¡isjjW ^ e m í^ v e lo c .'íy i ( t ') o^rJ
(Xoceíí^LoJZcrn x (6 ) 0/ fte m<xeK>‘ne ctre g í v e n
X ( £ ) =r A Sin 0? t O » 3 \0 <g sin 12 5 * G£ 4 o t
x (O - A 05 - 0-o39o3 orS ya 5* 4o i w/-*
x(fc)--A05> Sfn ü9t 3 - 4- 50 4 7 S»Vi i Z S ‘ €6i foi : rn / s¿
1 -7 8
= ° ’5
X - 0 -5 9. ~ 4*3^5 m / s2
Tnax <7 '
X {t') \S 0-» ^ « x rv v r T .c r ru c c |u n c f i'o n ,
X (-fc) = A Sin 09t

CX/w-d
X (iO = - A CS3’ S ir* CsSt
For 4rhe given dafe/;
A r O •5 vr»m — 0-0005 ir»
av><^ A a % 4-905
Aü5 - 4 •5 0 ^ or g9 = ------------- - 9 8 1 0 'O
O-00 05
Henee o9 =■ ^^-0454 r o e d /s - ! 5 - “7 é ? 5 Hz
- 345*^121 rpp^
Henee rte ro^ccf ion aX /SjoeeJ o f fKe r o f o r fs :
945-8121 npm .
1 -7 9
4 7Tt
1 — COS -----
• 2 2 7Tt r
Using sin ----------= — ----------------- ■, we obtain
2
j_ \ 1
^r2 2 t 1 r . 4 7r t |r 2
1 1 4 7Tt = X2
Xrrna -------------eos ----- dt —— - — s i n -------- ■lo
T7 - /0 2 2 r r 2 4 7T r
X2 X
sin 4 7T — 0 + 0
S 7r w
•x(t) = ; 0 < t < t
1 1
. 1
2 r 2
1 A2 t3 rOT A2 ' A
- Í A2
x rms
7 Í ^ t2dt r r2 3
0 = i»
3 W
For even f une-tío n s, x £ * t ) - *Cfc). z/z

From £ ^ .(1 .7 3 ), ¿ „ = -|r J x f t ) Si" n69t -dt » - L SÍn nest dt
-%
- r j * 0 ) 51‘" rxat-áb + J Ü ) sin m s f . jt

L -X O
z - - - ~ (E l )
SYnce sin ( - n = — Sin(nC*9ty = ocle? f a n c if o n o/ t
^rodaet x ft) curte) sin nGst i£ a,n odd íu r» c*tion •
Further, for cun ocU fu n c tio n ffcfc)* f C“ ^ ) - ~ f ( F ) . »
r íct) * = J f ( o a + / f ( -t ) at = ; -Lt + . jí
«a -a o o o
= - / “fft) + / “?(*) «* = O - — (El)
£ g u a ¿i‘o ns ( e t ^) o_nd (e2) Xecad *63 ¿„ = o .
Also, sin ce eos toast is an e v e n íu n c t ib n , u/e ^ e t
2 r^2 v x .i. ¿
^ = T J x ( i ) co5 " T J *») C0S nc5t dt
-72 0
For odd ûnctioftS» x f t ^ = — x ft^ .
From E g . f i . 72),
.. rb,
a n = * j x ( t ) eos na 9t dt = .1
*
/”»
x(t) eos na*t d t
Sm ce eos nast /s ar» even íu n c t ío n , C oS (- Y ) os-b') = eos (n o r b ') ,

th e p ro d u ct 0/ * - (t ) cxnci eos n a s t is1 ajn odd f u n c t úio n .
Henee Qj ^ - o .
Further, S'/nce sin n a s t ¡s a.n odd ía n c tí'o n , * (t) sin r>ast is

a,w even ■func'fcíon a.nd henee
4 r r/ 2
¿n - ^ J *(t) sm ûst dt
i*(±)
-A , o < t < 11 A
C*) -?» -fc

*< *) = 1 A , 2 < t < Z o
2 ~ "
-A
x(t)
/■ A , o < t£ %
*(fr) J - A , | < t< *2L (b)

o
-A
X Ct)
2A
<7 , 0 < t 5 %
*(*) = CO -$»
%
2A , r
-+>
ZA
VI
2A 4
0
; -
3? (J) 0
fo|vf-
4>
VI
VI
0 ,
■4 *
z.
3* < t £ r
2 A ,
4
1-81
(a») X (— " t ) = - r- (-b ) ? c^dol fu r ctio n , henee 0,fl = <^n = a
2* r %
L _ _L
J* x (-fc) sin nCSt . c¿e _ - ~ f - A JV r» n C it - c£¿r .f. /í\ J1¿7n nCsL - ¿ t
o L o
z/z
- 2_A cúS nt¿L
r A 4- 'n05
2A
2 coi nTT _ eos o — e o s Z n i T ^
rn¿5
iín ( z n - 0 65Í-
, * ( + > = ± * ¿
^ n= 1 (Z" A
t) x ( — t) = x(-t) , ever» .func-tib* , fxen ce t« =
+ A
+ / > > < * = * [ * ■ (* )? -* (* '%
r ?
- r j x(-fc) coi n cób - ¿Je
[-
zz 2*
%
2. A Sin ncú' t — sm nC3 ~k * 4- Si n
r *65 L o 3^ 4 1
A [z S/n - Z *n i f í + sm Z T r n ] = f ^ A/nTT * r » =^ A -
n7T
PU . - ^f yri TT / ® r n = 3^ , L***
C -0 ZTTfn-Ot
■■• * ( * ) = A coi
n= i (2 * - i )
•) a 1 = A
r
*r
x (*) «tt = A [ 0 + zA J =
<*« = ^ f^C-fc) eos n a jt J± = ± t - ( s i * n o s t^ = o

J.o n es ^
fcn = T jf * & ) s'” Jir = - A L ^ .s

Jr/i
= - 4 A ( COi 2. 7T h — COÍ * TT ^
n& T u /
co
*(t) = - A* „7 f O "" O
w iík u>- / r
) X (-t) = X (i), even / u n c h o n , -Aence - o
|r j " A (-t) dttr = -§-[zA ( t ~ ° ) + z A ( V ~ = 2A

O *-
•t? -1
Ck/v, = — J L n Mí n « t ¿ t = A A j(«-n + nú^ ;
' )3 V
1-82
f ír n + s in 2 n TT — s in li2_ZI ^
4 a “ C - ') n + < eos- O * un*A £¿ = 27/ r -

* (t> ±p.
n- 1 C *"-0
r_
i
oc(t) A sin 2 J L Í , o 5 2
1.108)
= . 0 X c
2 -
17TÍ \ %
2 (° x t f ) dt = -|A-
*0 = Y Jo
0 ‘'o
= 2TT
A
V
=
2 cos r\CSt At _ 2 A
r.
At ~-c=o
Uífng the rclouiion s'm tnCS'i ■cos nCist = Sin (lr,~l'n) t£^ +—n ^ ^---- ,
Eg. ( E i ) can be re w ritm en a-s
<^n = J [^S«n Ci+n)69t f Sin (i- vi) At
° a r ^ 09
W hen n= 1, = r J í i n 2.<^h • Ü = 0
ir /
A í_ coS ( ¿ + * 0 ^ _ eos ( L - n ) C Q t ~j
wUn n = 2 f3 , 4 , - - - » O/n. = ~ £ (1 + n) 03 ( ± - n ) C3
—i o
A_ J" i - CoS ( l + n>)~n~ + 1 - COS ( l - n ) TV
+
27T 1-f-n 1- n ]
o íf n is odd
2A
,-j? ri i5 even
l (n " i ) ( r^ + 0 TT
S im ila r [y
in = J x (-t) sin n 03¿ ¿t = ^ f 2w t CoS n63{-
° r /
- _A_ y j^coJ ( l - n ) 69-t - OrS ( 1+ n) cst J J ±
w hen n = 1, - A r 71/^* „ j-\ J4- A

t7 J (d t - c*S 2 6 ? t) di: =
w hen n = 2 , 3, 4 ? sín ( l - n ) o g t : ^ sin ( l + n ) 6 3 t

b» = 4- = o
(i- n )0 9 ( i+ n ) 0 3
J o
x(i) = ji. + A sin Qst _ 2.A C£>S rxcat
TT 2. 7T (n2- - O
««2,4,6,...
1 -8 3
1 .1 0 9 xft) = 1 r
r
2
CL. = 2. r r 2 r ¿J-
T ío *(*> * = ? /o
r¿
% J
-LÍ _ 2A. ¿ T -f 2A- t
2 %
_ _2_ r A r 3 A t
+ Ar
U 4 ] -
. r
n = ^ j x(í) eos dfc
= A j" 2 £ eos ncai d£ + j ^ + eos r>G9t Jt

zr
%
_2_ 2 A £ Sin nesfr eos n eat
r r -nos + ni t 9 2 f
L -' o
r
2A Íj. Sin nes-fc , eos nca£ ) Z A / _ Sin n£$t ^
’ r f nl fiS* j r/2 + zA l - ¡ ¡ ¿ i r ' )/ *
a
K - Y f x ( t ) sin ^ - Y £ sin nC«s£ d-t
e\ ^ u-o *'C
,v
+ f f“ i -f* 2 a '') s‘'n noí£ d£ "1
% J
_ 2_ 2A f £ eos n cát yin ^

r ^ ) n 65 n2 £J2 r
r -|
_ 2A £ eos n ^ t + sin r>6s£ £ r + 2A CoS nG9t ^
rAc«32
X %/c. r/ z J
69_ r - — n eos nTT +■ ? A eos 2 -nTT _ _A 2A
TT ft&S -níO nt
1-84
_ Al _ ±A _A_ eos n 09Í
Ctr' 7T2- n s i,3j 5,...
4A t
r
x(-fc) = <¡ - ^ + 2* > f ^ ^
4 Ai
- 4A , /<•
t ( « i ^
]*
a n = “F £ *») eos n a 3 i di = | .[ ^ J ^ t C05 n« t . c t t
- 4A f eos n asi d i + 2A r 3 / i cos nesi d t
1. 4A r r t cos na9t di - 4 A fr eos r>69i di ” 1

* J 3r/4 J 3^4 J
_ _2_ 4 A /./. sin n 09Í _j_ eos na9C ^ ^4. ^ Sin na9Í , eos n a s i 7 3r/4
n*i
r — í “ ^ r ' + «*** ; o - -^ r f “ S ir - + -7 r ¡¡r
V4
,,3 r/
+ 2A sin n09c \ '4 ^ 4 .A eos ntoi sin n 69Í
+■ - 4A
"w ) %
n as nz092 nOS
r sín n i ( A . + A - - i * nTT f 2A zA
- -jf I Z ^ Y109 -neo neS 2 Trnâs
3n7T / 3A , 2.A bA 4-A \ 3n-n~ /_ 2A 2A
_______
4. sin -^— [ - ^75 h — - —— -f- — — ) +■eos tttA o irn^cs
nOS n 09 n 09 n l3
+ cos n r n i A
eos 0 / 1A
= o
TT n 2 63 \ir n (J
r r r ■3Z
nÁ
K» = i d *(*) sin n£jt d
dti =
2 -4A
= A. ^ J t s;„ n ^ t . ^ j t sin n< j t M
r r
%
r^ Á 4A Sin
r j
*54 !r4 l¡ %
_2 4 A j -4— I sin n09i

_ _fc_
- — CCS n ejt ?í = -263 4A in nasi
Sin
r x lr\LO l n1L033
T ? / râs2
-, j j i — 37L N 20- 3 TT
eos
.. n » t f + Iü +lA - í L í í í í y ^ 4_ Â sin n asi
n os jr _ 1 "0 3 I T f ¿ n ^ 2-
4 ^ yf = ^
1-85
L_ 1 'Z?— i 7^— JdL
- —— eos nest i 03 A h í eos n c d t \ ~ 03
Y\03 ?r _ 3 7T
( , * - XK ~ 4
J~T~ 2xa zes —
4A nTT 3 n 7T O if ri ís eren
Z_2.
7Tz n ( Sin T ~ Sm “ nz1
8A 2
- (L i ) Z \f n ÍS' oeM
TT TI
QO n -i
sin ,n69'fc
x ( 0 = ^7T‘ £ C-O 1
TV
Y\ = L , l , S , ■■ •
0 *ft)= A (l - 4 ) . O < t <
= A
*. = i JT^f*) o,, „ut a* , ¿a/ - i fegsi _ ^ y%

= o
COS nogt t_ Co£ Sm n<U9t \11TA
n09 r rt69 r n zG3Z
tn = 4 ^ = © f
A
7Tn
S in n Ü3Í
X ( t ) = 4 + A ¿ r\
n- 1
The truncated series of k térros can be denoted as
© x(t) =
ag
— +
2
S
k _
^ cosn u t +
n=l
k
S bn sin
n-1
_
11 w t i1)
with x(t) denotingan approximation to the exact x(t)given by Eq. (1.70). The
error to be minimized is given by
7r/w
E = / e2(t )dt (2)
—Ti/u)
where e(t) = x(t) — x(t) (3)
and x(t) is the exact valué (with infinite series on the_right hand side of Eq. (1)).
Treating E as a function of the unknowns and bn, it can be minimized by
setting:
7r/w
J = 2 j jx(t) - x(t) — cos n u) t dt = 0 (4)
0 3- -Jr/w (
7r/o
<9e
= 2 f x(t)-x(t) |— sin n cu tj dt = 0 (5)
dh
1 -8 6
Rearranging Ea. (4) gives
7r/w *■/«
J x(t) eos n cj t dt = J x(t) eos n cj t dt (6)
-tt/w -jt/w
Using orthogonalty property, the right hand side of Eq. (6) can be expressed as
0 for m =r= n
7r/üJ
J x(t) eos n cj t dt = " a^ 7T (7)
—7r/cJ for m = n
cu
This leads to
Tr/W a* 7r
J x(t) eos n cu t dt = (8)
CJ
—7r/ui
Tf/w
or aj, = — f x(t) eos n cu t dt ; n = 0, 1, 2, k (9)
7T —7r/w
In a similar maimer, we can derive:

ir/u
CU
b = — / x(t) sin a w t dt ; n = 1, 2, k ( 10)
^ -jr/w
It can be observed that Eqs. (9) and (10) are simlar to those of Eqs. (E.3) and
(E.4).
_______ p . = A •______ P_=_2 ______n = _ 3

i x ■ . n r f f r.n 4^t¿
(LU 3) í ~ - S
X; COc 2---
.3T-— Y . <cm
#i§* -i.—— f1 x .- wJ
c o S-1^--- x « ri — * ; o í £EÍi x . Sm -------
1 0*32 ¡ 0*32 ‘ 0-32 0.^2 0*52
0-32
1 o-o2 4 ?• 3 1 4 4 | G- 3 63 9 6- 36 4 0 3-4441 8 *31 4 9

2 o*<H 13 7* I U 4 ?■ 1? 2-4 1 0 - 0 0 0 0 Í3*oooo - 7 - (7 2 4 ?• (7 2 3
3 0*0 6 17 6 . 5-0 5G (5- 7 0 6 0 ¡ - < 2 *o 2 0 7 / 2*020 <5 -15*7057 - é* 5 o 5 7
4 o-oS 29 0 too 0 0 2 ? * 0 O 0 0 ¡ - 2. l - o o o o 0. 0000 0*000 <0 - 2 ?• OOOO
5 0 *10 4-3 - 16-4556 17- 1 2 6 7 \- 3 0 - i j - o 5 3 - 3 0 • 4057 34* 7 2 7 / - 16- 4 ^ 7 8
G 0*12 5-9 - 41 - 7 17 5 41* 7Í 7 í '1 0*0000 —5 7 . OOOO 41-7(8-7 41*7/77
7 o*i4 63 -58* 2o4 5 2 4 . i o 8 7 ¡ 4 4 *5 4 ¿ ¿ - 4 4 * 54 7 2 - 2 4 . n o 1 5-£. 2 0 4 0
8 0*16 57 -57-0000 0 - 0 0 0 0 ! 5 7 *0000 0.0000 — 57* 0000 0-000 0
o*(H 49 -45*2700 - 1 8 - 7 5 1 8 ¡ 34* ¿ 4 7 7 3 7 -6 4 8 7 - 18*7505 -45*2705
lo 0-20 35 -24*74*5 - 2 4 . 1 7 8 7 ¡ G•OOOO 3 5 •0 0 0 0 2 4 * 7 4 9 3 — 2 4 * 7 4 8 2.
II 0-11 35 -13-3736 - 3 2 - 3 3 5 3 ¡ - 24* 7 4 7 3 2 4 * 7 4 ^ 2 32* 3 3 5 4 1 3 - 37 5 0
11 0-24 41 O-oooo _ ¿i (. 0 0 0 0 ¡ - 4 l * o o o o 0*0000 0 -0 0 a 0 4 1- O o o a
13 0-26 47 \7-l8C6 - 7 3 . 4 22 1 ¡ - 3 3 - 2 3 3 3 - 3 3 - 2 3 4 7 - 4 3 * 4 22 7
17 -7 5 4 7
'4 0*28 4/ Zg-77/7 - 2 8 * 9 7 1 1 1 0 * 0 0 0 0 —4 ( - o o o o - 2 y . ? ? o 5 - 2 8 . 9 7 2 3
15 0-30 13 l2 -o lo 5 - 4 *77 97 ! 9-1727 - 7* ( 7 2 / 4*7755 — /2* o | 0 2
16 0-32 7 7 - o o o <? 0*0000 ¡ 7*0000 0 *0 0 0 0 7*0000 0 *OOOO
g ( ) 5-5* -ígg.75'77 -3/.3Z7* -11*6552 - ^ 3- 22 34 2é-S2*|
¿=i
— ¿ C ) ^ * 7 5 -20-3^37 -3-H60 -/*456? -|/.*99S -S. ¿y02? 3 . 3S 35-

S af
jSfyeed = i oo rpm
In a- m i n u t e j cu jpoin f u/¿ /1
te s u t je c t e d -tte
irjcLXímitm jare^rure , A =■
= lo a JpsC , 10a x Lf -
4 0 0 -tim e s . H en ee
( s e r ia d = f = _££. = o •15 s e c .
400
A, o ^ -t < %
/>(■*> =
0 *% ¿ 1t == r
a ° = T / 066 = F A (¿ 'o Y = S-o f>r£
» -> f- f K í , * = M ( * A 2 ¡) * - A „■„ A T
1. . f j V * > ■*. - » t ■* - - f e * ) * - - A(- =? - 0

Evcz/lucution of cu^ a,n d ;
m = 1 m - 2 m= 3
Q Jt : A S in l = A A c. 37T
cu - -^— Sin TT - 0 CU, si -- Sin —r~
-rr ¿ tt Z 27T 3 3 7T 2
= 3 i* 8 Z o l f>fi - ío - 6 I 0 3 ¡3SÍ
t (C O S T T - I^ ) b3 =
2 27T X 37T ^ Z /
= 3 I • ?3 o 9 = 3 |. Í3 0 9 É í¿ /O- 6 / 0 3 f3^
CO
S (^ * 1 coS m e s h + t m sin J) f>*L
.-. K * > = ^ +
•m= 1
1 -8 8
Sf> eed = < io o rp m
© Iri Oj m r n u t e ,
fc-e su h j'e cte d

cu jôln í’
f 0 the
Mili
)na.xímu.m Jareas-u re * A -
frmax = to a j»sí j 2 o o x <5 =
12 OÚ t im e s . Henee
fênod - r = _££_ = o-<?5 sec.
(Zoo
(A , o* ± %
( ° , % ^ -b * V
Z? f^ 'b r é 'l Air = ^ -£ = 5-0
0'*n = ~ J rf ( - é )
o
COS rnüJ-t cbt - *A
sfn 111 ^
y A
7V rn
r in f
i .= f j V > ■ .■"»»* " = - ^ ( ..• ¥ - ')
Bvajlucubi'on o§ cu^ cenj Lm :
m = 1 i m - 2 m = 3
i
Oj { = jñ . Sin 2T = A i A c. ?7T
i * 1 = -A
27T
- sin vr = o a ,, = —
3 37T
—
2
•n- 2 TT i
i
= 3 1 .5 3 0 9 /arí i = - (0 • 610 3 fasi
i
-D
b ,= - A C^ ¥ _ () i ---— ((CoS T T - I
n
H
i 27T V y
i - 31-5309
= 31 • ? 3 o 9 ¿st = 10 - é (03 | °f t
■oo
íl-
eos m 09tr -+• h jr, Si'n Tn CS"t ^ jj SL

II
•* p (-t) + S (^vn
n= i n =z n = 3
i ATT'fc1’ ¡ .
2
*¿
#•.
(l i i ó ) '* ; M*£ eos 2 * í ' *1 oUi l r t '

! 1 o- o l i ¡ 0-012 *2 o-oll c‘ 0.012 Mtr:“ >I0 - o l z1j " ti «'«i
( " “7
1 0*0005 770 ¡ 74 3 - 762.1 ! / ? ? « 2 9 / 2 GCG’ Sldl 3 5 5 -o o /c ¡ 5 4 4 * 4 7 / 2 ¡5 4 4 ' 473/
2 Q.oo io 810 ' 7 0 1 * 4 8 OZ ' 4o5-ooo7 4 0 4 ■? 70í*4-yí2.¡ 0-0000 1 5(0 *0000
3 o>oo/5 8 50 ¡ ¿ o f -o l^8 ¡60Í.OH/7 0.000 0 55o-0000|- (ÍOÍ-C7442; 6 o l * o 3 7 3
4- 0*0020 310 ¡ 4 5 4 - 9 9 75 1
l ¡7^ *0545 -455*oo4/ 7 55 - O Í 0 5 ¡ —?ÍO'OOC7CT ¡ 0*0000
1 -8 9
5 j 0'0025 10(0 26 ( - 9 0 9 3 J l 5.585^9 814' 689 5^f* W - 7 i H. n i
i
6 \0>00 3o 1 17 0 0-0000 170 - o o o 0 iI 7 0 ' o o o O •OC O I O ’ OOO - <17 O •OOP
7 ¡ 0.0035 13 7 0 - 359.6819 1513 • 3(69 1(86' 441 -685.010 i 968-148 - 168.72S
S ¡ 0 .0 0 9 o 16(0 - 8 0 5 - oo73 1394-2 966 - 8oLf •181 -(294' 30l\ 1610 - o o o o-oao
3 ¡ 0*0045 1890 -1236-9901 ( 3 3 6 - 4 221 O'OOO —iSIO'000 l 1336-710 1336-^
10 i 0 . 0 0 5 0 1750 -ISIS'.599< 8I 4 - l i l i 8 1 5 ‘0 (1 —(5(5-534 | O’ ooc ns O' Ooo
íí ¡ O‘ O055 1630 - Í 5 7 9 -4 6( 9 42(■ 86 9 7 14K-634 - * I H . ? 1 l \ - ( í 5 Z - 8 o 8 1192’ 560
12 \0 . 0 0 6 O 15 ( 0 —IS (0 -oooo I 0.000 0 ('5 ( 0 -0 0 o O’ OOO.: \-\SlQ.QOO o. ooo
13 1 o - o o 6 5 1390 - \392. 69^5 - 3 5 1 . 7 6 1 1 1103' 761 " l& o .o iif ¡ _ 7S1' 358 -982-898
\4\o-ool0 (290 - ( I I 7* 1611 -6 9 5 '00 8 8 6 4 4 - ? 8Z I l ( 7 . t 8 3 j 0*000 -HIO-OOO
í 5 '1 0*00 75 1190 - 8 7 1 - 4 99 2 -*41.9641 O ’ OOO i 190 4 0 0 0 I SHÍ.H79 - 8 H l ’ Hl5
l&\ o-oozo uto - 5 5 9 - 1 8 9 1 \ - 161. 2 9 4 2 -555-. 0 2./ f é f ' 2 . 1 6 1 1110. 00 o O 'ooa
17! 0 . 0 0 8 5 (OSO - 2 7 / . 7 9 9 8\ - 1 0 1 4 . 2 2. 4 9 -9 0 9 ’ 117 5 2 4 . 1 8 2 ¡ 1 4 1 -4 4 0 7^2* 48 5
(8\ 0 - 0 0 5 0 990 o-oooo — 9 9 0 -0 0 0 0 — 9 7 o -o o o o-ooo | o*ooo 99o-ooo
13 ! o - o o 9 5 930 1 9 0 . 7(13 -?18'3Ó 8( - S o S .393 - 9 6 5 . OIS \ - 6 5 1 - 6 3 3 6 5 7 - 5 8 6
10 \0-0100 890 495-oo15 770-7571 - * m - 9SI - 7 7 0 * 7 7 3 j - 890 , 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0
2 i ¡ 0 - 0 105 850 6o ( - o 4 1 8 -6o(.o331 o-ooa -000 1- 6 0 1 - o z z - 6 o l - o 60
-8 5 0
1
22! 0 - 01(0 8(0 101- 4868 - 4 0 4 ' 9 89 5 HoS *02.2. —7 0 1 . 4 6 8 i o-ooo —P l O ' O o o
23 lo'OilS' 7 70 7 4 3 - 7 6 51 4(11. 1198 6 6 6 ’ 85 1 - 3 89- 9 S o ! f ^ . ? o o -5*44“ 194
1
24¡ 0 -0 1 2 0 7 50 1 5 0 -0000 0- 0 0 0 0 7 SO-ooo 0 -0 0 0 I 7 5 0 -0 0 0 0-000
24
17,100 - 4 >91 9- 32-11 1,803- 7673 392-2.70 —I >7 59' 547, ¿+¿3. 7 3 9 661-855
S C ) I
i —1
^ r I
_ 919-1916 150- 1137 2 8 ’ 606 — 196 ‘ 171\ 35-728 5 5 . 155
2 ,2 7 5
^Í2. ^
J ?
i=1
1- | 1 n= 3
1 2 1
©
Y) - r\= .
i *2 y . CeS 2 7T "t¿ . Z.7T-ÍJ íf-lT-ti , 4 .7 7 -ÍV , 6 7 r 't ‘ ... é ’7 r <*

i : JC-Si* --------- X - tffS ---------- * .4 « n , 2 C -C C 5 o í¡ o é
> 1 * o -6 0-6 0-6
1 | 0 • 02 5 | 9.0 0 8.69 2.33 7 .79 4.50 ¡ 6.36 6.36
2 10 - 0 5 O 1 17.00 14.72 8.5 0 8 ,5 0 . _ 1 4 . 7 2 1 0.0 0 17.00
3 \o-o!5\ 23.00 16.26 16.26 0.00 23.0 0 ¡ -16.26 16.26
4 10 • i 0 0 t 25.00 12.50 21 .65 -12.50 21.65 1 -25.00 0.0 0
5 10 * « 2 5 ' 26.00 6.73 2 5 . 11 -22.52 13.00 ! -18.38 -18.38
6 ¡0*150 ! 28.00 0.0 0 28.00 -28.00 0.00 ' 0.00 -28.00
7 ¡0*175 * 33.00 -8.54 31 .88 -28.58 - Í 6 . 5 0 ¡ 2 3 . 33 -23.3 3
8 0 -20 0 ¡ 35.00 -17.50 30. 31 -17.50 - 30 .3 L_ ¡ 3.5.00 0.0 0
9 1 0 * 2 2 51 34 . 00 -24.04 24 .04 0.00 - 3 4 . 0 0 > 24 .04 24 .04
10 : o .2 5 o ! 29.00 - 2 5 . 11 14.50 1 4 . 50 - 25.11 ¡ 0.0 0 2 9 . 00
11 10* 7 5 ' 24.00 - 2 3 . 18 “ 6 . 21 2-0778" - 1 2 . 0 0 1 - 1 6 . 9 7 16.97
12 ¡ 0 ’ 3 00 1 26.00 -26.00 0.00 26.00 0 .0 0 ¡ -26.0 0 0.0 0
13 ¡0-3 2 5 ' 32.00 -30.91 -8.28 27 .71 16.00 1 - 2 2 .6 3 -22.6 3
14 , 0 -35o ¡ 40.00 -34.64 -20..QXU 20.00 3 4 , 6 4 . !.. _._0_J30. -A.0_.J1Q...
15 10 * 3 7 5 1 18.00 -12.73 -12.73 0.00 18.00 ' 12.73 -12.73
16 ! 0.4 0 0 ¡ 8.0 0 -4.00 -6.93 -4 .0 0 6.93 ! 8.0 0 0.00
17 «0*425 ' -5.00 1 .29 4.8 3 " 4 .33 - 2 . 5 0 ' -3.54 -3.54
18 10-450 -14.00 0.0 0 -L4 .0 0 14 .0 0 OjO , .. 0 .,00 -14.00 -
19 10-975 1 -28.00 -7.25 27.05 ! 24.25 1 4. 00 1 19,80 -19.80
20 1 £7,5 0 0 1 -37.00 - 1 8 . 5 0 1 3 2 . 04 18 .5 0 32.04 ¡ 37.00 0.0 0
21 ¡ 0-525 ¡ -33.00 -23.33 23.33 0.00 3 3 . 0 0 . 23 .3 3 23 . 34
22 ' 0.550 ; -29.00 -25.11 14.50 -14 .50 25.11 ; 0.00 2 9 . 00
1 -9 0
23 ’ o<?75 i - 22. 00 ¡ -21. 25 5.69 ¡ - 19. 05 11.00 -15. 56 15.56
24 \O‘ G 0 o ' ° - 00 [ ° * 00 ° - 00 j ° * 00 0. 00 j 0.00 0.00
24
) 239.00 -241.90 282.30 39.72 147 .18 45.26 - 4. 8 8
L:
í~ ( \
12. * 7 - ; } 19.92 -20. 16 23.53 3.31 12.26 3.77 -0.41
%'Program l. m
%Program f o r callin g t h e s u b r o u t i n e FORIER
%Run " P r o g r a m l . m " i n MATLAB Command Wi n d ow. P r o g r a m l . m a n d f o r i e r . m should be

% i n t h e same f i l e f o l d e r , a n d s é t t h e p a t h t o t h i s f o l d e r
% Follow ing 6 ,l i n e s co n ta in problem -dependent data
n=16;
m=3;
tim e = 0 .32;
x = [9 13 17 29 43 59 63 57 49 35 35 41 47 41 13 7 ] ;
t = 0 . 0 2 :0 .0 2 : 0.32;
%end o f p r o b l e m - d e p e n d e n t d a t a
% Follow ing l i n e c a l i s su b rou tin e f o r i e r .m
[ a z e r o , a / b ^ s i n / x c o s ] = f o r i e r (n/m, t i r r ^ x , t) ;
% fo llo w in g outputs data
f p r i n t f - ( ' F ou rier s e r ie s expansión o f the fu n c t io n x ( t ) \ n \ n ') ;
f p r i n t f ( ' D a t a : \n\n' ) ;
f p r i n t f ( ' Number o f d a t a p o i n t s i n o n e c y c l e = % 3 . 0 f \ n ' , n ) ;
f p r i n t f (' \ n ');
f p r i n t f ( ' Nu mb e r o f F o u r i e r C o e f f i c i e n t s r e a u i r e d = % 3 . Of \ n ' , m ) ;
f p r i n t f (' \ n ') ;
f p r i n t f ( ' T i me p e r i o d = % 8 . 6 e \ n \ n 7 , t i m e ) ;
f p r i n t f ( ' Station i ' )
f p r i n t f ( 7T i me a t s t a t i o n i : t ( i ) 7)
f p r i n t f ( 7x ( i ) a t t ( i ) 7)
for i= l:n -
f p r i n t f ( 7\n % 8 d % 2 5 . 6 e % 2 7 . 6 e 7, i , t ( i ) , x ( i ) ) ;
end
f p r i n t f ( 7 \n\n') ;
f p r i n t f ( 7R e s u l t s o f F o u r i e r a n a l y s i s : \ n \ n 7 ) ;
f p r i n t f ( 7a z e r o = % 8 . 6 e \ n \ n 7 , a z e r o ) ;
f p r i n t f ( 7v a l ú e s o f i a (i) b ( i ) \ n 7);
f o r i= l:m
f p r i n t f ( 7%10 . Og % 8.6 e % 20 .6e \n7, i ; a ( i ) , b ( i ) ) ;
end
1-91
%Subroutine forier.m
f u n c t io n [a z e ro , a , b , x s i n , x c o s ] = f o r i e r ( 11, 111, t im e ,x , t'

p i = 3 .1 4 1 6 ;
su m z=0.0 ;
fo r i= l:n
su m z= su m z+x(i) ;
end
a z e r o = 2 . 0*suinz/n ;
fo r ii= l:m
sum s=0.0 ;
si-imc=0 . 0 ;
fo r i= l:n
th e ta = 2 . 0 * p i* t ( i) * ii/t im e ;
x c o s ( i ) = x (i.) *cos (t h e t a ) ;
x s i n ( i ) = x ( i ) *s i n ( t h e t a ) ;
su m s=sum s+xsin ( i ) ;
sume=sum e+xcos ( i ) ;
end
a ( i i ) =2 . 0*sum c/n;
b ( i i ) = 2 . 0*sum s/n;
end
» programl
Fourier series expansión of the function x(t)
Data:
Number of data points in one eyele = 1 6
Number of Fourier Coefficients required = 3
Time period = 3.200000e-001
Station i Time at station i: t(i) x(i) át t(i)
1 2.000000e-002 9 .OOOOOOe-rOOO
2 4.000000e-002 1 .300000e-f001
3 6.000000e-002 1.700000e+001
4 8.000000e-002 2 .900000e+001
5 1.000000e-001 4.300000e+001
6 1.200000e-Ó01 5.900000e+001
7 1.400000e-001 6.300000e+001
8 1.600000e-001 5 .70000Óe+001
9 1.800000e-001 4.900000e+001
10 2 .000000e-001 3 .500000e-¡-001
11 2.200000e-001 3 .500000e+001
12 2.400000e-001 4.100000e+001
13 2.600000e-001 4.700.000e-f001
14 2 .800000e-001 4.100000e-r001
15 3 ..00Ó000e-001 1,300000e-f001
16 3 .200000e-001 7.000000e+000
Results of Fourier analysis:
azero=6.S75000e+001
valúes of i a (i) b(i)
1 -2.084870e+001 -3 .915985e-f000
2 -1.456887e+r000 -1 .144979a-í-001
3 -5.402900e+000 3 .353473e+000
1-92
% Exl_119.m
f o r i = 1: 101
t ( i ) = 0 .3 2 *(i-1)/100;
x ( i ) = 34.875 - 2 0 . 8 4 8 7 * c o s ( 1 9 . 6 3 5 * t ( i ) ) - 3 . 9 1 6 0 * s in ( 1 9 . 6 3 5 * t ( i ) ) . . .
- 1.4569*c o s (3 9 .2 7 * t(i)) - 1 1 . 4498*sin(39.2 7 * t ( i ) ) . . .
- 5.4029*c o s (5 8 .9 0 5 * t ( i ) ) + 3 . 3535*sin(58.9 0 5 * t ( i ) );
end
plot(t,x)
xlabel( ' t ') ;
. y l a b e l ( ' x ( t ) 7) ;
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
t
% Exl_1.120.m
@ u = 0.3445;
1 = 10;
hO = 0 . 1 ;
aO = 2 ;
rO = 0 . 5 ;
% F irs t case, r changes
for i = 1:101
r(i) = 0. 5 + ( i - 1 ) * 0 . 5 / 1 0 0 ;
e l (i ) = ( 6 * p i * u * l / ( h O A3) ) * ( (aO - h O / ^ ) ^ - r(i)^ 2 )...
* ( (aOA2 ~ r ( i ) A2 ) / ( a O - h O / 2 ) - hO ) ;
end
1-9 3
% Second case, h changes
f o r i = 1:101
h ( i ) = 0.05 + ( i - 1 ) * 0 .0 5 /1 0 0 ;
c 2 ( i ) = ( 6 * p i * u * l / ( h U ) A3) ) * ( (aO - h ( i ) / 2 ) A2 - r 0 A2 ) . . .
* ( ( aOA2 - r O A2 ) / ( a O - h ( i ) / 2 ) - h (i) );
end
% Third case, a changes
f o r i = 1:101
a ( i ) = 2 + ( i - 1 ) *2/100;
c 3 ( i ) = ( 6 * p i * u * l / ( h O A3) ) * ( ( a ( i ) - h O / 2 ) A2 - r OA2 ) . . .
* ( ( a ( i ) A2 - r O A2 ) / ( a ( i ) - h O / 2 ) - h O ) ;
end
s i i b p l o t (311) ;
p lo t(r,e l);
x l a b e l ( 7r 7 ) ;
y l a b e l ( 7c ( r ) ' ) ;
s i i b p l o t (312) ;
p lo t(h ,c2 );
x l a b e l ( ' h ' );
ylab él( 'c(h )');
s u b p l o t (313) ;
p lo t(a ,c 3 );
x l a b e l ( ' a' ) ;
y l a b e l ( 7c ( a ) ' ) ;
1 -9 4
(Cm) % Exl_121.m
for i = 1:101
x (i ) = (i —1 ) * 4 / 1 0 0 ;
k a(i) = 1000*x(i) - 1 0 0 * x ( i ) A2 ;
k b(i) = 5 00 + 500 * x ( i ) A2 ;
end
p lót(x ,k a );
h o l d on
plot(x,kb, ' — ' );
x l a b e l ( ' x ' );
y la b e l('k a : solid lin e kb: dash l i n e ' ) ;
% E x l 122.m
(1.122) for i = 1:201
t (i ) = ( i - 1 ) *30/200;
x l ( i ) = 3 * s in (3 0 * t (i));
x 2 (i) = 3 * s i n ( 2 9 * t ( i ) );
x ( i ) = x l ( i ) + x2 ( i ) ;
end
p lot(t,x );
xlabel( 't ' ) ;
y l a b e l ( ' x ' );
1 -9 5
1 -9 6
@ X^ = r + i - r coi 0 - 2 eos ¿ = r+ / - r c o i c^-t — / s/f — sm L¿ ' ( e t)
Bu± = r Sl'n 9 > cos (f- X ! sirt* ca -b)* (et)
Usínj ( e z " ) >V» (e<^)> 9C^ =r + / £ - r cor c s t — í (y —- £ Í (^ 3)
X ~ (c ^ - Ufinj 'Z I - í X. 1 - e , (E j^) L e-ca tn ss
~ r ^ 2 l ) - r ( * * *** * 4 7 Coí
(OÍ) e &. ( E O 3' Vey y x?>_ r ( , +
r 11 -CÔ
*£ X '* Vef^ jrma' LÍ' 5 - - r Co? ÂcL.rmon«c m o t . o n .
(¿ ) Tí ho-ve cL.mjDl i-tu d e 0/ ^ econ J ^ a ^ rm on í c SmcuLLer bhce.n bbaJz

0/ fiV s^r 'fio .r m o n /'c ín Eg. ( E ^ ) , U/e need ±¿ A<a-.ve
Í t - ^ f - rr 7 X - 6, 25
Oh c e -the. a-r^pli'bu.de 0/ r e c e n d A a r m O n i c / s* r m a -U e r ¿y a-.
^CLC-fcor 0/ 2 5, fté a,-m p libu ¿les o-f A{ g he r A e r m o n j c í a_ri'r-i'rzy
£ rom bhe EX.pa.nS10 n ¿X s g / u . Q - r e - T o o í : - term fn (^£3 ^ acre. exêct'e.cZ
-fco b e s¿í srncoLLer.__________ ____________________________________________________
1-97»
II i o a \ Unbalanced forcé developed =P = 2 m cj2 r eos uj t, range of forcé = 0 - 100 N,
J range of frequeney = 25 - 50 Hz = 157.08 - 314.16 rad/sec.
Parameters to be determined: m, r, íü.
Let r = 0.1 m. To generate 100 N forcé at 25 Hz, set:
Pmai = 100 = 2 m (157.08)2 (0.1)
wbicb gives
100
m = ---------------- = 0.0202641 kg = 20.2641 g
2 (157.08)2 (0.1)
To generate 100 N forcé at 50 Hz, set:
Pmar = 100 = 2 m (314.16)2 (0.1)
wbicb yields
m = 15ÍL = 0.0050660 kg = 5.0660 g

2 (314.16) (0.1)
Goal: Weigbt to be maintained at 10 ± 0.1 lb/min
B Parameters to be determined: Angular velocity of crank (cu), lengtbs of crank and

connecting rod, dimensions of tbe wedge, dimensions of tbe orifice in tbe bopper,
dimensions of tbe aetuating rod, and dimensions of tbe lever arrangement.
Given: Density of tbe material in tbe bopper.
Procedure:
Select c j based on available motor. Determine tbe dimensions of tbe orifice in tbe
bopper wbicb delivers approximately 10 lb/min (assuming continuous fiow of
material ). For trial dimensions of tbe wedge, determine tbe increase/decrease in
tbe size (diameter) of tbe orifice. Cboose tbe final dimensions of tbe wedge sucb
tbat tbe material fiow rate delivered by tbe orifice lies witbin tbe specified range.
Forcé to be applied = 200 Ib, freqneney = 50 Hz = 314.16 rad/sec.
Procedure:
1. Select a motor tbat provides, eitber directly or tbrougb a gear system, tbe
desired freqneney. Assnme tbat it is connected to tbe cam.
2. ^Setermine tbe sizes and dimensions of tbe píate cam and tbe roller.
3. Cboose tbe dimensions of tbe follower.
4. Select tbe weigbt as 200 Ib. From tbe geometry, determine tbe range of
displacement (vertical motion) of tbe weigbt.
5. Determine tbe forcé exerted dne to tbe falling weigbt.
1-98
Considerations to be taken in the design of vibratory bowl fee^ders:
@ 1.
2.
Snitable design of the electromagnet and its coil.
Radins of the bowl and the pitch of the spiral (helical) delivery track.
3. Tooling to be fbced along the spiral track to reject the defectiye or out-of-
tolerance or incorrectly oriented parts.
4. Design of elastic snpports.
5. Size and location of the outlet.
A E
Axial spring constant of each tnbe = k =
e
Let diameter of each tnbe be 0.01 m (1 cm) with thickness 0.001 m (l mm). Then
A = -i- (D2 — d2) = j (0.012 - 0.0082) = 28.27 (10- 6 ) m 2
This giyes
k _ (28.27 (1 0 -°)) (2.07 ( 10»)) = ^ ^ ^
Since 76 tubes are in parallel, we haye the total axial stiffness as:
kgq = 76 k = (76) (29.26 (105)) = 222.38 (106) N /m
The polar area moment of inertia of each tnbe is
j = J L (D4 — d4) = — (0.014 - 0.0084) = 580 (10~8) m 4

32 32
Torsional stiffness of each tnbe is given by
_ (79.6154 (10°)) (580 (IQ"8)) = 231 ^ N _ m/pad
For 76 tnbes in parallel, equivalent torsional stiffness will be:
kt = (76) (231 (103)) = 17.56 (106) N -m /r a d
1-99
Chapter 2
Free Vibration of Single Degree
of Freedom Systems
- 3
©
2.1 )
£
:
=
=
5 x (O
,
( "f c V
m
= = + 4 ' 2945 r a d / sec = 7-0497 Hj.
22 , = 0- 21 sec =. Z7T , vi^T = 0- 2» r ^ / Z l T
(i) (r ") = 2 TT JrrT 2 7F ^ 2 TT 2 )

n— ^ = 7 = = v 277 J = o .m s sec.
vj^ne^ /p F V 7TT1T
\ 2 7T /j ñ _ 271->/>ñ __ f o . l i f i T V, ( — - o >2.3 7 O êc.

1 ; ^ v ^ /y o .S Í
©
tfn = 62-532 rCLÁ/sec = , V^T =
when sfnnj constcurb ís* recíucect , c£„ Jecreases.

4<- 5 0 0
(C&J'N = 0 -6-5 C*9m - 34 • 5 5 7é r a A / s e .c — /555T — /
V Nnew V ^ new V ™
J k-ÍO Q 34-5576 , y * - ¡jo „ 0 s5
8— = (o-55)Z = 0 . Í0 Z 5
^ - 114-6* 9534 N/m
= « / « ■ - « i ” = « / « . m 2 =
_______________________________ m — 0-Z9Q5 kg,__________________
1c = /OO/f lO \ = IOOOO N/m

/ v <ooo y
= s = = r xVz
= 63*2456 rauá/scc
T„ = -7?" = = 0-0333 sec

* 63 *245é
2-1
2000
.2.5 m =
386.4
Let con = 7.5 rad/sec.
=
V keq
m
2000
kgq = m OjI = (7.5)2 = 291.1491 lb /m = 4 k
386.4
where k is the stifíness of the air spring.

Thns k = 291,149-1- = 72.7873 lb/m .
( 2^ X = A COS -% ) , X = ~ A ¿0 ) ,
X = - A eos ( ü 3n b - * 0)
2 7T
(o-) ü$ „A = 0*1 ™/?ec ; 7^ = 7 ^ = 2 s e c , C3„ = 3 ' / 4 4 é raA/sec
A = o - l / 09n = 0 * 0312 3 m_
(d) X0 = x ( i = o) = A eos = o-o2 m
C<?sf-j£) = = 0 *<2 2 S 3
= 51* 0 7 2 4 °
0 ) X 0 = ¿ ( b = o ) = - 65^ A = - 0*1 Sfn ( - 5 1 - 0 7 2 4 ° )
= 0*07779 m /sec
^Z^ = A - (3 *l4 lé ) ('o - o 3 i8 3 ) - 0*314151 -m/sec
f //j \ For SmaU angular robcution o£ ba-r P<5> a .bou t p,
X ( ^ 12) eg (e ^3 ) = "a ^ ) + í
e ^
:i ^ •+■ ^ 2. ^ 2. y / ^ 2
( í O e g =
* e g = o v e r c is L t -
_ ¡ ___ I
+ -
* 3 r, /A \z / ^ \ 2
{*•(/) + **(7 7 ) } *3
C ^ ia je g ,
* 3
^ = -
C * i2) e g + U
*,(■ % )*+ * z ( ± ? + *,
2-2
'H _ 1<( k 2. í ¡ 1<a 9--
C *2. ^2 + *3 ^3 )
m - 2000 'kj , S5Í_ = 0.02 -m
«« = ( ?/ S s t ) 1/z = ( 4 ^ ) V2 = 1 4 72 rad /sec
L e-t x be m e a - íu r e d í »■ r o m
■fcfoe b o í l ■¿Ton YhCLSi <aJ¿~ uhi'ck
O re s p r ín js c u re u n s"é're .'¿‘c A e c l .
E ûa/tion o^f m cbC on íS
777 U = - * , ( * + Í * ) - * Z ( * + Ss4)
+ U/ íi n d (E l )
luyere $s± (<<, + u z') — W sin 0 -
A , Ei £ (0.05)* (30 (10=))

ki =
¿1 30 (12)
= 163.6250 lb/in
= 163.625J25) = 136_3542 ^
2 e2 30 7
keq = kj + k2 = 163.6250 + 136.3542 = 299.9792 lb/in é r_i
Let x be measured from the unstretched length of the springs. The equation of motion is:
m x = - (ki + k2) (x + <5gt) + W sin 6
■where (kx + k2) <5st = W sin 6
i.e., m x + (k], + k2) x = 0
Thus the natural frequency of vibration of the cart is given by
kl+k* = \ / 299-9792 (38.gl4 ~ = 4.8148 rad/sec
V m V
Weight of electronic chassis = 500 N. To be able to use the unit in a vibratory

environment with a frequency range of 0 - 5 Hz, its natural frequency must be away
5000 '
from the frequency of the environment. Let the natural frequency be cjn = 10 Hz =
62.832 rad/sec. Since
we have
V keq
m
= 62.832
2 -3
500
kgq = EQ CJn = (62.832)2 = 20.1857 (104) N /m = 4 k
9.81
so that k = spring constant of each spring = 50,464.25 N / m . For a helical spring,

G d4
k =
8 n D3
Assuming the material of springs as steel with G = 80 (109) Pa, n = 5 and d = 0.005
m, we find
k - 50,464.25 „ 8 0 ^ 1 0 ^ 0 X 0 6 )1
8 (5) D3
This gives
° 3 = 12i ° (l ° -1 = 24,770.0 (1 0 -9) or D = 0.0291492 m = 2.91492 cm

504 64 . 2 5
(i) With S p r C -k, a.n d -k2 ;
Let d e f le c t io n s Oü
o f h e a .m oJc o ii'S 't a .n c e S a>0 1>¿ $■
from £ ¡x e .d en d .
i *t = i *. i K
i-e-.
' t x '*• l H
+ *■ X
> = £ *? (3 £ - O
................... ..
GB1 __ z
(3 x = t , 2, = L k L (3(-/ r)
b í f l 7
Q TL- l , h = I I
3 £” I
*3 ( ^l i ) - +
= v jh ere
_
* bearrt ■
L-f*.(i)% *.(%)' + <w>J

4c, ( 3EX) o X f 3 f - o .) 2+ ' f c z f l E l ) t 4 ( ^ - A)
l 3 + 12. E l / 3 / _
¡i) Wíé h o u t Sprints k, and -fc2 :
he<3-.rr\ _ 3er
=
2-4
L et x ,, x2 = c h 's p l a * c e .m e n - ts of
© |ouLLey? ijZ
x = 2 -f 2 a -2 Ce,
L et P= "te n sió n in rofe.
For e ^ u i L 'brtu m of jattUe^
2P=k,x, (E2)
F<?r e g u í l í b r ¡um o f fu itey 2 ,
2P= *2. *z ---------- ( E 3)

U/kere
“ 4-k- 4k 2k > *,= 2
an4 k 2= k+ k - Z -k
C o m 1^'Pi'n^ Eg s • ( E j ) "to (E g ) :
*= *, + *z=
2 2 2 (Z ± ) + ( ^ ) =4Pfe +Ií) = "V
2
L et = c ^ u .lv a Á e n 't s p r i n j co n stc^ n -fc o£ i h e SyS-fcem .'

v _ P k
®& ” ~x “ "4
Egucutfon oj^ Trnei-tion oj? majU m : yn se -f- 'k«Pig x — o
i x. . t r~r: '
_ * _ K
V -m \] ¿f-m
For a displacement of x of mass m, pulleys

1, 2 and 3 undergo displacements of 2x, 4x
and 8x, respectively. The equation of motion
of masa m can be written as
m x + F0 = O (1)
where F o = 2 F 1 = 4 F 2 = 8 F 3 as shown in figure.
Since F3 = (8x) k, Eq. (1) can be rewritten as
m x + 8 F 3 = 8 (8k) = O (2)
from which we can find
2 -5
«O sl ^ / n '
(b ) 09* = n / + w>)
I riikicL,i co nd ié ío n s :
V e lo d é y o£ m a-SS m = V = Va" - V Z = 2.^ / )
X —O c k A k a k íc c ^ a ¿ ^ r iu m faoS’c 'é i'o n -
X. - ge r-fc = _ __ w e¡3 h t _ _
7 *e^
Con serv<a/fcibn o/ m o m e n tu m : ^ ^ ^ - -m V^-

\ / a^7 7
Xc = *.(-fr = ° ) = - ^ —; '/ír?
C o m ^ U te s o lux- Con : .* .(£ )» / \ 0 s i n ( c j n t H- >*£ )
a. . -fy
k
í Z 2 r
a,n cJ 1 _ I / >*--n lüíl \ _ -
= ’tcUT'
-x.
'J ¿>í * ( M + t« )
(a) Yelocity of anvil = y = 50 ft/sec = 600 in/sec. x = 0 at static equilibrium

position.
weight m g
Xq = x(t=0) = —
keq 4 k
Conservation of momentum:
m v
(M + m) Xq = m y or Xq = x (t=0) =
M + m
Natural frequency:
4 k
OJr, =
V M + m
Complete solution:
x(t) = Ao sin (cjn t -f 0o)
where
>2
2 2 2 2 .2 1
Xo m¿ g¿ m v
Ao — - Xo +
16 k2 (M 4- m) 4 k J
A
and
Xq Wc V m + m
-l = tan - l m g 4k (M + m) = tan- i
0o = tan
xo 4k V (M -f m) m v y V 4 k
2-6
Since Y = 600, m = 12/386.4, M = 100/386.4, k = 100, we find
2 2
12 (386.4) 12 (600) 2 386.4
+ = 1.7308 in
Ao — ' 386.4 112 (400)
^4 (100) (386.4)
-1 386 .4 V u 2
(j)Q ---- t l2 . I l
= tan-1 ( - 0.01734) = - 0.9934 deg
V 3 8 6 .4 (600) V 4 0 0
(b) x = 0 at static equilibrram position: xq = x (t= 0 ) = 0. Conservation of

momentum gives:
m v
M ¿o = m v or ¿ q = x(t=0) =
M
Complete solntion:
x(t) = Ao sin (cjn t + 0o)
where
2
A o — ■X q +
xo
|M
_ Jm2 y2 (M)
1 M2 4 k
my
V 4 k M
= 12 (600) V 3 8 6 .4
386.4 V 4 (100) (100)
_
~ 4 “
Xq
4>q = tan-1 = tan 1 (0) = 0
xo
© *± = ■k2 — —---- -——

n
(ajé tot'ddie')
* , + *z
- 3 £ « X| + 4-8 B z I i \ £ _
=
W
fc - AM. - | Z .(o -o l)Z J 2 -0 7 xio11 j.

— o- S í 2 9 x i o 6 M /m
2o
Yn = tOOO -k-O
3 . - Yz
«-= = ( ° - 8 ^ 05oxi° c ) = ^ - 5i14

¿0 — 2 x0 = O (sud«lenl«j sfopped wlií/e ■ £ tio-S v eto ciéy }
P e r ío d of e n s a ín j v ib r a r o n =■ T n - - o * 2 2 °4 - /5ec
AmfrUfcude = A = *o/¿3n - V2S-SM4 - 0-07015 m______________________
G9n = 2 Hz = I 2- 5 - 6&4 r c d /^ e o = JE!
>/íT = 1 2 -5 -6 6 4 /wT
V *” - &-ZÜ3Z Jrn + t
~ t2*Sé<©4" •J'cd
yfm +■1 = Z ,
v2
'k= (|2- Í 6 6 4 ) Tn = S2-g3gl N/m
AE
© Cable stiffness = k = J (o.oi)5 2.07 (1011) = 4.0644 (108) N /m
2 7T
rn = 0.1 = — =
in Wt,
2 7T .*%. / k
= ------ = 20 7T = \ / ----
11 0.1 V m
Henee
. _k- . U » U (10«) , i „ 2, 5S tB
m
0JÍ (20 7r)
b - 2. £ s*" 9
© N e j l e c é m & sres o£ Li'nks.
r , . / 4 Í 2- t 2 N
Co.) * e? = * ( Ü L _ _ -
4 i 2 Sin 0
co sz 0
= -í<
sñnz ©
= 4< ^ c o íe c 0 ¿frcin solwhíon \

W oj? p rob lern i* g )
(*>) C Jn = / íp T since 'k ^ = 1<.
y = \ //2— sin 9 — x)2 — € cos 9 = A / eos2 í9 — x2 + 2 ^ x sin 0 — ^ cos 9

© . 2 £ x sin 9 e
— £ cos 0 1- H ------ — r cos
^2 eos2 0 eos2 0
i ^ + f - -
where
1 2 ^ x sin 9
y ~ £ cos 9 — ^ cos 9
2 ¿2 eos 2 eos2
^ x sin 9
= x tan 9
cos 9
2-8
Tlius kgq can be expn
Equation of motion:
Natural frequency:
^23^ (a) Neglect masses of rigid links. Let x = displacement of W . Springs are in series.
Equation of motion:
m x + kgq x = 0
Natual frequency:
CJr, =
m V 2m
(b) Under a displacement of x of mass, each spring will be compressed by an an
amount:
Equivalent spring constant:

xa = x -
V e2 -
1
— k ^ x2 = 2 |— k x 2
2 keq 2
or k^ = 2 k = 2k
b2
Equation of motion:
m x + kgq x = 0
Natural frequency:
8 k
co, =
b2 m
2 -9
(2.24) F, = F3 = x ^ 4 5 *
F2 - = -fcz x coi 13 S*
F= $ O rce a,loncj X — FrCo^ 4 -^ + Fz /3 5
■+ Fg caí 4 5 ° -h l^f. Coi / 3 5 ° F3
= 2 * (*, a ? i i 4 5 -° + #C2 a * * / S 5 * )
' * e? = = 2 ^ )= * ,+ *£
EguaiÚJn O^ vno-bion * m x 4- f 'k , + ^ 2 ) se = O
(2.25J L et 0^. denoíe íh e a-n^le

t n o A í. fji^ A p r in g Uiitl 1
resp ect to X CLfíiS-
(,g-~F x ~ cíi'S'^ía-C^mert't o£
mfl-SS cdLrm^, tfce. ¿¿ftsLc&ürn-
dt-j^ruiA. © .
X
fc¿ = <<2
^ €g = Aprintj
c o n s io - n t, tfe eg^ vbJ e^ u C C -
cr|j. erruzX-^VíS ^¿V€-£
X ^ x* = 1 ¿ <C- f * o r f C e - ^ j 2
6 1 ' 6 / , \2
^ ~ ^ fc . eos (e - 2 *U ^ e -f-
i- i * c=i
= ¿ * ; ( ** a,s2’e + ^ ^ e)
>1
-t- 2 ¿ °< i lc¿ & e ')
¿* i r-— 1
N aiurai. fr e g u e nc^. =■ -
6 6 /- N
Fbr G5n t© te ínJUêneJen/fc c£ ©, k: = ■£ * < - { £í)
i -1 ¿= í
a-mi * ■ ÍB * ° i
6 --- ( O
16 2 ? C£>s Z a ^ = °
;= 1
*. SÍn 2 <¿ = 0 -- - ( e O
£= i
2-10
In tke fre se n * excum fle, ( £ 3} ( E4 ) bec0íT,e
*, COS 6 0 ° + * z coi ¿ 4 0 ° -+ *3 ¿ aS Z °¿3 4- *| CeS 4 2 0 % 4<2 c¿rí 600°
+ co* (3 6 0 ° + 1 * 3) = O
•fc, Sin £0* -f s,yi 2.^0° -f- 1c3 Sin 2 -f- *,Sin 4 - 2 0 ° + k z Sin GOO
4 - fc3 sin ( 3 6 0 ° + zot'a') = O
i-e-> 4c, - * 2 ■+ 2. *3 eos 2 V3 = 0 1 2 ^ 3 Co s 2 ^ 3 = fc2 - k , ...(E s )

>rr * 1 - J ? « z + 2 * 3 sin 2 «¿3 = o J 2 *:3 s i n z ^ 3 = 4 T ( * z ~ *i)-(£¿)
Sûca-ring ( e ? ) a-^cl cw'd a-dding P
4 = (* 2 - 0 + 3 )
ic 3 = ± Qkz - k i') =£► 1c3 = 11<2.- fci

DlvYcb'n^ ( " ) ¿jy (Ey*)^
£<Ln 2- 0^3 — >n*
/. of' 3 =. \ -tasrC ( VT' ) - 3 0
Tl = £ T ' TZ = tT
(a.) m X -f^ -f-T ^ -O
*" * + ( £ + ’ t ) x = °
(t) = / X + x
(* -+ ¿ )
Vi Q/
TTl
160
Ib—sec2 . ., ,. ,
m = — -— , k = 10 lb/mcn.
© 386.4 inch 1
Velocity of jumper as he falla through 200 ft:
m g h = — m v2 or v = V 2 g h = V 2 (386.4) (200 (12)) = 1,361.8811 in/sec

2
About static equilibrium position:
Xq = x(t=0) = 0 , ¿o = x (t=0) = 1,361.8811 in/sec
Response of jumper: x(t) _ ^ s¡n ^ t + ^
where
2
A q — Xq +
,
Xo ¿o
w,
■
Xo V m
V k
1361.8811
V io v 160
386.4
= 277.1281 in
Xo Cc/n
and (f>o = tan-1 = 0
Xo
y
2-11
The natural frequency of a vibrating rope is giren by (see Problem 2.26):
.yruTbT
m ab
where T = tensión in rope, m = mass, and a and b are lengths of the rope on both
sides of the mass. For the given data:
T (80 -f 160)
10 = 120 = V T (0.060375)
(80) (160)
386.4
which yields
100
T = = 1,656.3147 Ib
0.060375
l2.29) wíien o3 = o , totcuL T,

V e r b ic a , l U e i^ U t - il- h k
h/taen G3^= O > tobaJ- ^

■Fe
v e rti'c a - L fv£i'gkt= ^ 2.j? eos e + í }
T-
s p rin j f o r c é - * [ 2 !+ £ - ( 2i eos ©+ ¿ ) ]
m
= 2-k X ( i - coi e )
For v e r t i c a l . e g u ítíh r iu m of mccsr m , Fc = •m x 65

rr\cj -j. T¿ C aí 0 — T¿ C aí 0 CE l ) X- i -íin 0
Fo r h o ri$ o n ta ,L , pc = ^ yj -t Tz ^ O
Tz . (Fc - ^ e ) / y .n 0 . . . (E i)
From (e 2) j (£ f ) ^ eKfresred aus

Fe - T i Sin 0
co? © = T, eos1 ©
"3 + Sín 0
i*e ■ «7 coi 0 _ -+■ wo5Z X cas ©

Ti =
2. cas e 2 CoS 9
_ Fc - Tt s.n © _ -n. x ¿ 9 - ^ t*n 0 - S in &

t2
Sin G
Sin e
2CoS G
S p rín j fo rc é = ZkL (l- coi 0 ) = 2 T 2 cetf ©
- m i td~ coS © — 'fr'J

2. K 9- -f- raff
CoS 0 = . . . ( e 3)
2. k l +. m i C9*-
2-12
Tbiy eûcL-tión «Achines t h e egurtihríum p o s ftion of m c^ss rn
pe Y Sma.í-1 oSd" da-bíOnS cl/^CtüÍT G^yjJhXiruu^ ô^rzJ^m »

New to n V seconcJ i<xw îVes1
/2 j T
zm y -t * > = O C*S> ~ y ■m
Let P = total spring forcé, F = centrifugal forcé acting on each ball. Equilibrium
of moments about tbe pivot of bell crank leyer (O) gives:
20 _ P 12
100 2 100 (i)
When P = 104 = 100 N, and

100
2 N
2 7T N 25 16 2 7T N
F = m r of —m r = 0.004471 N2
60 9.81 100 60
where N = speed of the governor in rpm. Eqnation (l) gives:
0.004471 N2 (0.2) = (0.12) or N = 81.9140 rpm

2
(b) Consider a small displacement of the ball arm abont the vertical position.
Equilibrium about point O gives:
(m b2) 9 + (k a sin 9) a cos 9 = 0 (2)

For small vallues of 6, sin 9 ~ 6 and cos 9 ~ 1, and henee Eq. (2) gives
m b2 9 + k a2 9 = 0
from which the natural frequeney can be determined as
l
2
k a2 0.12 9.81
= 37.5851 rad/sec
=
m b2 r-|
(io)4
0.20 25
2 -1 3
0 so' = % , oo'=K , os = j ¡ T 7 J
when gaxíi u/ire strefcc h e s by xs 7 tet tíre.

re su -ltín j v e r t í c a *L clísplacee m e n é o f tke.
p la f jb r t n be x •
05 + •=■ / ( ^ x > +
<2.
- * }
y
= ./¿* + f f 2 A x -f- x¿ 1
For Sm o.iL X, X Z .-í n e jlt $ ¡U e C a rrp ^ J to 7 .ÍX asr>Jt s fí+ Q ~ ±+ £

CL-rul b tn a e
*<* = A1+ ^ í1+ s - ‘ D - ‘

V o écn ftccl Q.ne.rQy '€jpu.¡vcLÍen<-e <3¡v e s
t *«» ** = 4 ( i x/ )
*<* = 4 * r i t f = _ ± ü il
^ ' (-AV <£\
Egy^-cifcrn PlAtan JVJ_ ; ^
AL x -f x = o
2ir í V1/ 2
27T TT l b . Z + a.
6SL
( S /.M )
Eqnation of motion:
© i.e.,
mx = S F x
(L A p) x = — 2 (A x p g)
2g + X
i.e., x + x = 0
where A = cross-sectional area of the tube and

p = density of mercury. Thus the
natural frequency is given by:
c^= -
2-14
Assnme same area of cross section for all segmenta of the cable. Speed of blades = 300
@ rpm = 5 Hz = 31.416 rad/sec.
m
kf
= (2 (31.416)) = (62.832)'
keq = m u l = 250 (62.832)2 = 98.6965 (104) N /m (1)
AD = V o . 5 2 + 0.52 = 0.7071 m , OD = V 22 + 0.707 1 2 = 2.1213 m
Stiffness of cable segmenta:
kpQ _ AE _ A (207) (109_) = 2Q7 A N /m

t-po 1
ko, - - a í| m m A N /m
s = « ! ü p )
r: 1 9 . 4 7 1 0 °
The total sttiffness of the fonr inclined cables (k¡c) is given by:
kic = 4 koD cos2 0

= 4 (97.5817) (109) A eos2 19.4710° = 346.9581 (109) A N /m
Equivalent stiffness of vertical and inclined cables is given by:
kgq kpo kic

kpo kic
í.e., kpo
-eq —
kpo + kic
_ (207 (10») A) (346.9581 (10») A) = 12fl_64B4 „ A N /m (2)
(207 (109) A) + (346.9581 (109) A)
Eqnating k ^ given by Eqs. (1) and (2), we obtain the area of cross section of cables as:
A. = 98'6965
129.6494 (109)
j
■ = 7.6126 {10 - ) m2
2-15
© 1
2 7r
kl I 2
— \ =5
m I
;
kl
m
/ N? / N
= 4 (tt)2 (25) = 986.9651
= 4.0825 ; = 4 (tt)2 (16.6668) = 657.9822

2 7r m + 5000 m + 5000
Using ki = —j — we obtain
M
ki AE A (207) (10 )
— = ; ; = 986.9651
m «x m 2 m
i.e., A = 9.5359 (10“ 9) m (1)
Also
AE
= 657.9822
m + 5000 (m + 5000)
i.e., = 6.3573 (10- 9 ) (2)
m + 5000
Using Eqs. (1) and (2), we obtain
A = 9.5359 (10“ 9) m = 6.3573 (10- 9 ) m + 31.7865 (10“ 6)

i.e., 3.1786 (10“ 9) m = 31.7865 (10- 8 )
i.e., m = 10000.1573 kg (3)
Equations (l) and (3) yield
A = 9.5359 (10- 9 ) m = 9.5359 (10“ 9) (10000.1573) = 0.9536 (10- 4 ) m2
LonjikudívcLL VfbrcLti*on :
© Let = jocurt of wefgkt W caxrieet ty lertjkb o, of s h a ,f t

W2 = W— W1 - uyeijht ccLrn'e<4 lenjkh t
1= EÍongcutíOYi of le n jtu cu = E ■= Youn^J' moduius

AE
y= shoréemn<? o-f lenqih b = (W -V ¿ ) ( / - a ) A = a-re cu o f c r o s s - s e c i í o n
AE = 7Td2/ 4
Sínce x= W1 = W (¿- Q
£
Y-~ elongaJríon or skcubfc á e fU c k io r) of ler\jkU cu — '^ a~' ^
ae X
C o n s lJ e r m j One s b a .f i of fg n9ib cu wHrb e n j tw j as a,
Spríng - ma£S SjjSiem ,
=
T _ í $ a ae n1/2
( I - a-)
2 -1 6
T r< x n sv erse W tr a /fc ío n •
S p r in g c o n S 't a . n t o§ a- £ r x e e f — j-íA e J ie a m w t 't k o ^ ff-c e n le r lo c c á
= * = lE i- i* _ 3EI j 3
a3 a3 ( i - a ) 3
“■‘ # - { - ¿ 3 £ £ j * y
*» = Yrioment <?-£ mertiai
t .
T orstoncci v ib r c c t í o n :
zf f/^ w k e e l /S gíven an a n g u la r d efle c h tó n &, resisimj
to rfiu es o ffe r e .d by íen yth s a an d b ocre an^ •
T otal r e srs tín g t o r g u e = M¿ = £¿r( i - e
*t = ^ “ s r ♦ -r ) wfc«r« r= -
rnOíTicnt inerticL,
a”° J x ' t )} 1/2

w herí = rna-Sí polar m om ent oj ín « r t i‘ a. o£ irhe f Ig w k e e l .
Í2.36) meíW = e<311iYalent niass of a uniform beam at-the free end (see Problem 2.38) =
33 33
m = 1( 1) ( 1 5 0 x 1 2 ) 0-3107
140 140
Stiffness of tower (beam) at free end:
3 (30 x 106) ( - L (1) ( l 3))

kb = -^ 4 -í- = ------------------------------------ = 0.001286 lb/in
L3 (150 x 12)
Length of eacb cable:
OA = V í " = 1.4142 ft , OB = V 2 15 = 21.2132 ft , A B = OB - OA = 19.7990 ft

TB = V T A 2 + A B 2 = V 1 0 0 2 + 19.79902 = 101.9412 ft
tan 6 = — = 100 = 5.0508 , 9 = 78.8008°
AB 19.7990
Axial stiffness of each cable:
= AE = (0.5) (30 x 106) _
e (101.9412 x 12) '
Axial extensión of each cable (yc) due to a horizontal displacement of x of tower:
2 -1 7
e\ = e 2 + X2 - 2 e x eos (180° - 0) = <f2 -f x2 -¡H2 ¿ X eos 0
2
X
or €1 = f! 1 + + 2 eos 0
Y V
yc = A - i + i j r + i w f e - í - e
— £ + x eos (9 — ^ = x eos 0
Equivalent stiffness of each cable in horizontal direction:
)2
ñ- k V2
c = “ keqe X2 or keqe = k — = k eos2 0
¿ ¿ X
This gives
keqe = (12261.971) eos2 78.8008° = 462.5419 Ib/in
In order to use the relation
yu
k eqead — kh - f 4 k eqe
7L
we find
yLi F L2 (3 L —Lx) 3 E I Lf ( S L - L O
yl 6EI F L3 I 2 L3
' _ 1002 (3 (150) - looj _ 0 5185
2 (150)‘3
Thus
k e q ^ = kb + 4 k €qe (0.5185)2 = 0.001286 + 4 (462.5419) (0.5185)2

= 497.4045 lb/in
Natural freqneney:
L,
L
1
2
êqcnd 497.4045 \
W» = = 40.0114 rad/sec
0.3107 J
2 -1 8
(2 37) Sides of the sign:
AB = V8.82 + 8.82 = 12.44 in ; BC = 30 - 8.8 - 8.8 = 12.4 in

Area = 30 (30) - 4 (— (8.8) (8.8)) = 745.12 in2
¿á
Thickness = — in ; Weight density of steel = 0.283 lb/in0
8
Weight of sign = (0.283)(— )(745.12)=26.64 Ib

o
Weight of sign post = (72) (2) (— ) (0.283) = 10.19 Ib

4
Stiffness of sign post (cantilever beam):
3E I
k =
Area moments of inertia of the cross section of the sign post:
Ixx = 12 (2) ( v ) 3 = 384

1 5in
-4
v' '47
lyy = - k ( 4 ) (2)3 - J in4
77 12 M
Bending stiffnesses of the sign post:
3 (30 (106) ) ( ± )
3 E I77
kxz = = 40.1877 lb/in
72
3 (30 (106)) (A j . )
3E L
kyz = = 0.6279 lb/in
723
2-19
kt = 5.33 G - 1 - 0.63 — 1-
a 12 a4
(See Ref: N. H. Cook, M echanics of Materials Jor D esign, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984,
p. 342).
Thus
•
kt = 5.33
( D ( j )3 (11.5 (105)) (-)4
V8 '
1 - (0-63) ( - ) 1 -
72 12 (l ) 4
Natural frequency for bending in xz plañe:
40.1877
K z 2
= H 26.64 = 24.1434 rad/sec

m
386.4
Natural frequency for bending in yz plañe:
0.6279
kyj | ---------
= 3.0178 rad/sec
26.64
m
386.4
By approximating the shape of the sign as a square of side 30 in (instead of an octagon),

we can find its mass moment of inertia as:
0.283 30
loo = (b3 t + h 3 b) =
386.4 3 3° 3 ( t ) + d ) 3 (30) = 24.7189
Natural torsional frequency:
í" i
i i l
í kt 1531.7938
Mt =
i 2 j
I-2 = 7.8720 rad/sec
■
24.7189 r
U - j
Thus the mode of vibration (cióse to resonance) is torsión in xy plañe.
2.38) (cu) P«Vo t e d ; Leb l - k .

121
Í2ET
= 4 i3 ) - lf3
u t ^ co^ mní
E^L&3lcm cr^ -mo-bíon - x. -f x = ^ __________
NaJ:v.rcJ. fre,<fyue.ncg o f ¡loriômtcJ. v ib rcu tío n — =■
2-20
(t) F íx e d :
S in c e "fPis. joi'nt betu /een colu m n a-r\J - f l o o r
does no t p e rw t é r o i e v it o n , e a .c A c o lu m n
Ia/l ÍL bencí {A/téh m fle c tiú n jooint clÁ~ rniclclte.
k/Aen forcé F rs* a^pj?l/'ed cd: encír,
* = 2 F ( ^ ) 3 = _ f i l ^
3 El '2.EI F
^ MFr _ 4-gE 1
C o lu T Y in — — ^— i ~ ^ ^ C c ( u ‘* ' r ' £ 3
Let ^ effz ~ £ ffe c i¡v e m a ,? : o / cclcA column at ene/
S f íu a Á io n o f m cftion ■ (~ c p + X x = o j £- j -------- '
NJairaro-i fr& fyixen cy o f {¡orC yjn tcu i v í ¿ r ovtCor\ = ^r\=J ^ 3^ -jy ~ ^
E £ j2 ect¡v e m c^ 5j (du e to seL-f w eí^ bt^ ) : E ,r , í,*»!

✓
—z— --------------m
(cí-) L e t = e£ f ec¿ 'v e of « - — 'F
A - ^ ^
Yna-^y o/ becz->n ^T7>') a t Sn. cí .
tAuS Ví¿ r « / t í n j iner~b¡cu f o r c é oJr ene?

ÍS* du.e to (¡YJ+ •
A í í U m e cÁ e -f le c t (a r \ s k a ^ e J u r i n j V ib r a jt C o n Sa~m e. a -s tAe
s t a -t i c d e ^ /e c t i'o n s [\c L .^ > e l/ViÂ a- tr^ loa -d •

’
y . ( x J ± ') = Yf*) < J> s (t0 n t - ¿ ) w ie r e y < x ) - f x. ( 2 1 .
Y ^ ) = ^ - x 1 ( 3Í - x ) w Ae r e Yo = F l 3 . . fcífr « W fe ci.cn
2^3 3EI
>(x,-£r) =
JÍ£__ ^ 3 - -X3 ) C oi CEl">
2
(Ylcvx . str< xín e n e r ^ y of Le¿2_m - /Y?a.x- u/orx kiy f c r c e f
* i F Yo ^ f ^ r / ( E Z)
A?a_x - k únetíc e n e r ^ y ¿tue. £c A is t r iL u - t e d m a,ss o f bea-m
= i f f l y % ^ ) l J * + - k ( ^ ' ) 2M
o Im ax v /
= i y / ( - í ^ + i Yo1 m 0 0
33
~^pjLL i — 7 ' — 0 .2 3 5 -7 Tn
c r t 1
2-21
dX
= Ye ( 3 ^ _ 2 c
AIclximwm stra ín en erjy = -^ £ i

j vax^-y I m cLX
= £EI ( E0
Ma_x, K m e - tíc e t i e r j j = j- M. Yc + i ; ( ^ ) Ye GS^ J
= i gC Y o^ ( jvl + j f ™ ) ( Ef )
" " e # ! = = o -3 7 l* w
2.3?) Stiffnesses of segmenta:
A i = — (Df - d f) = — (22 - 1.752) = 0.7363 in2

4 4
ki _ = (0.7363) ^ _ 6 i 35g3 (iq4) lb /.n

Lj 12
A 2 = — (D¡ - d|) = — (1.52 - 1.252) = 0.5400 in2
k2 - = 54.0 (10-) lb/in

L2 10
A 3 = — (Di - d i) = — ( l 2 - 0.752) = 0.3436 in2
k3 _ a U _ (0.3436)4 (10^) _ 42 9516 (1q4) lb/m
L3 8
Eqnivalent stiffness (springs in series):
keq kj k2 k3
= 0.0162977 (10“ 4) + 0.01851 85 (10~4) + 0.0232820 (10“ 4) = 0 .0 5 8 0 9 8 2 (10- 4 )
or k ^ = 17.2122 (104) lb/in
Natural frequency:
c = = \ /^ W Í = 17-2122 (1x°04) (386-4) = 2578.9157 rad/sec
2 -2 2
m
z-n-
*<%
ir — • - + f o* 5 = 2tr
4k
- £ = k K, - 2-k /m 1_ _J__
V k 2TT
*2= 4 * *3
» = 12L Í T ; S r _ 2 ^ ^ f 2 7 t ') = °* 4 3 3 0 sec

16 * 4
2.41 j Le i û= c o c ffíc t'e n t of frictío n

£
X — oLs’f ’L - c e m e n t C-G, o4 Í€¡ T -
t ío cK k
;x
Fí>f|= n e t recu cti'on s t e t iv e e n
r o ite r a_ncj b (o cK On
/e/t Orvd n g / it s fd e r .
’R e & . c b C o n S cok t e f t a_nd rig h k d u e t o stcLti'c io o -d a -T e
W (c --x )/ z c w (c+ *V z c , r e r p e .c h 'v e ly .

Al = m o m ent abouk £ due "fe mokt'an o f block — ( f* Fz —/Aî)cx->
RecLctfons at / tu t ri<?Lt to ¡ocoíoonce Al — _ ÍL =/íft (^z~ ñ )
U J N 2C 2.C
F =. ^ ( F z - F, ) . C _ W (fe + X ) ^ f F2 - R )
1 2C 2C ' 2 2c lc
S u .t t r a .c t ron 9 «Ves1 p2 . - F, = + ^ ^ _ F( )
l-€ Fz - F, = ^ F— ---- IV X
c Vc-/< ^
R e s k o r in j fo r c é ~ ^ ( F z- F, ) = ^ _ / íí
Eg u CL-ti*ori oj^ m okiory ;
05* = 65 =
V C c - / <a' )
S o l Vi'nj khiSj toe <?et 0?= £ cc«9 ^ /^ -+• cu 69*^) J
2 -2 3
From problem \¿ W X
Restorinj -fo r c é witAon-F Sprints*- (^ .*"^ )= c -/* -* '
sp rtn j r e S-bor¿nc) forcé = 2 ^ *
TotcLÍ re s to rin j forcé =• -+■ 2 -k x

c - / * 0, ,
✓ AAW v
EûcL-bfoYy o f mori'on * — ^- % -f- ^ ^ + 2 ^ J ^ - °
1a/ -f- 2 -f< ( " c —yWCA/’) ' ] ^ 1^2
(c- w
S o lw k ío r) o f fhis < zo u .cc-tr¡o n jW e .S
U f W c - z ic-
-L
^ ^ c&%Ou — Z - k ^ O u
(a) Natural frequency of vibration of electromagnet (without the automobile):
~ / 10000.0 (386.4) oc ooe- ,/
V
— = y / -------- — = 35.8887 rad /sec
M V 3000.0 7
(b ) When th e a u to m o b ile is d ropped, th e e le ctro m a g n e t m oves u p b y a d is ta n c e (x q )
fro m its s ta tic e q u ilib riu m p o sitio n .
Xq = static deflection (elongation of cable) under the weight of automobile
W auto 2000
= ----------- = ------------ = 0.2 m
k 10000
¿0=0
Resultant motion of electromagnet ( -f-x upwards):
x(t) = A q sin (u^ t + (f)q)

where
¿o
A q — - x § + = Xq = 0 . 2
Xq 0J n
(¡) q = ta n — tan
fo-n ^ (oo) = 90°
¿o
Henee x(t) = 0.2 sin (35.8887 t + 90°) = 0.2 cos 35.8887 t
(c) Máximum x(t):
x(t) Imax = A q = 0.2 in

Máximum tensión in cable during motion = k x(t) |max + Weigh of electromagnet
= 10000 (0.2) + 3000 = 5,000 Ib.
2 -2 4
h -
^2.
-vWAV----- TT) ■VwW/Av m
1<Z7C
^\\\\\ w S.' 5 = ^ V
(a) Newton’s second law of motion:
F(t) = - k 1 x - k 2 x = m x or m x + (kx + k2) x = 0
(b) D ’AIembert’s principie:
F(t) — m x = 0 or - k 1 x - k 2 x - m x = 0
Thus m x + (kx + k2) x = 0
(c) Principie of virtual work:
When mass m is given a virtual displacement 5x,

Virtual work done by the spring forces = - (kj + k2) x <5x
Virtual work done by the inertia forcé = - (m x) Sx
According to the principie of virtual work, the total virtual work done by all forces
must be equal to zero:
— m x Sx — (kx + k2) x Sx = 0 or m x + (k x + k2) x = 0
(d) Principie of conservation of energy:
1 .2
T = kinetic energy = — m x
¿j
U = strain energy = potential energy = i ki x2 + i k2 x2

¿i ¿i
1 2 1
T + U = — mx H ( k i + k2) x2 = c = constant
2 2
(T + U) = 0 or m x + (kx + k2) x = 0
dt
í
T
T
2 -2 5
Equation of motion:
Mass m: m g —T = m x (1)
Pulley J0: Jo 0 = T r — k 4 r (0 + #o) 4 r (2)
where 0o = angular deflection of the pulley under the weight, mg, given by:
m g
m g r = k (4 r 0Q) 4 r or 0Q = (3)
16 r k
Substituting Eqs. (1) and (3) into (2), we obtain
J0 6 = (m g — m x) r — k 16 r2 (6 + m S ) (4)
16 r k
Using x = r 6 and x = r 6, Eq. (4) becomes
(J0 + m r 2) H (16 r2 k) 0 = 0
2.46J Consider the springs connected to the pulleys (by rope)

to be in series. Then
= 1 + ^
Leq k 5k
Let the displacement of mass m be x.
Then the extensión of the rope (springs

connected to the pulleys) = 2 x. From 1'
m
the free body diagram, the equation of á.
motion of mass m: •x-OO
m x + 2 k x + kgq (2 x) = 0
or mx + — kx = 0
3
T — kmetic energy — T mass d- Tp^jj^-

1 .2
= — m x + i J0 8 = -i- (m r2 + Jq) O*
2
U = potential energy = i k xj = i k (4 r 9)2 = — k (16 r2) 62

2 2 2
Using (T + U) = 0 gives
dt
(m r2 -f Jo)0 4* (16 r2 k) 6 = 0
1 .2 1 *2
T = kinetic energy = — m x + — J0 ^
¿i ¿
U = potential energy = — k x 2
2 -2 6
where 6 = — , Xg = extensión of spring = 4 r 6 = 4 x. Henee
r
T = j (m + A ) ¿* ; U = I ( 1 6 k ) x 2
Using tthe relation -4 " (T + U) = 0, we obtain the equation of motion of the

dt
system as:
Jo ..
(m H— —) x + 16 k x = 0
2.49 croSS-Sec-t Ton: 5 cm X 5 c.m
A
i A
>x
-í . / = o-8 m
Dne to a load P at C, deflection at point C is given by (from Appendix B):
y(x) = ? 6^ l p - [a (3 X - - (x - ^)2] ; € < x < € + a
yc = y ( x = ^ + a) = ^ 7 (^ + a)
Moment of inertia of cross section of beam:
I = — (0.05) (0.05)3 = 52.0833 (10“ 8) m"

12
Equivalent stiffness:
P 3E K 3 (207 (109)) (52.0833 (10~8)) (0.8)
keq ye a2 {£ + a) (0 . 2)2 (0.8 + 0 .2 )
= 6.4687 (106) N /m
Natural frequency:
CÜT, = * \ J ^ 6-46857ot10Ü = 359.6872 rad/sec
Y m ■Qj=o -Z m
From Appendix B, the deflection of fíxed-pinned beam with an overhang, due to

load P at the free end, is given by:
2 -2 7
P a
y(x) = X2 - í x ! - (x - O 3 ; £ < x < £ + a
4 E K 3a
' .
Using a = 0.2, € = 0.8, x = a € = 1.0, and
I = — (0.05) (0.05)3 = 52.0833 (10~8) nr1

12
we obtain
P (0.2)
ye = l2 0.8 ( l ) 2 - ( i | + l ) (0.2)3
4 (207 (109)) (52.0833 (10“ 8)) (0.8)
= P (9.895652 (10- 8 ))
keq = — = 1010.5448 (104) N /m

ye
1
keq 2 10.1054 (106) |
0Jn = — 449.5642 rad/sec
m 50
cu : 'k- 5 o a N /m , rn- 2 - a •I m ^ *-0 - s m/ 5
I 5 . s m 4 rtlL<l/ ,
Eg.(2 -is) : * ( t ) s je Cas os t 4 J Í jl sín as t

o n 05 n
n
= <?.| eos 15. S íl^ t ± ( — ^-Sín l 5*8f / ¿/ t
\ 15. 8 1 14 /
x(t) = Q' \ CoS 15- 8 Í I 4 i -t o * 3 l é £ sin 15. 8 1 1 4 í >n
Te (•£") s - I » 5"£ M Sm 15 ■8 UH "t -p 5 ceS I$• 8 (IH t * * /s

•• vyi
* (t ) = -2¿f. 5334 eos /5-SII4 i - 73-0 570 si n IS-SI/t/ i —
J S o jÍ o j : £ £ „ = 10 r a j y s , j t o = 0 . 0 5 v n , s e 0 = 1 m / s
@ Resjooinse of unda_m êJ System:
X ( t ) r X o CoS CS„t + sin ¿ S n t
-0-05 eos i o ¿ ■+( 7 - ) s' n 1 0 ^
2 -2 8
* ( ." O = O'O 5 COS IO Í o. | Sin (0 t Yn C^-'O
x (• £ )= : - o - 5 Sin lO i 4. \oí r n /$ (E ' 0
* ) = - 5* CoS 10 ¿ - IO ffi’n lo i ™ /sZ CE * 0
P lo H in j 0f E ^s. ( E . | ) to (E . 3) ■
% Ex2_52.m
for i = 1: 1001
t (i) = (i—1)*5/1000;
x (i) = 0.05 * cos(10*t(i)) + 0.1*sin(10*t(i));
dx(i) = -0.5*sin(10*t(i)) + cos(10*t(i));
ddx(i) = -5*cos(10*t(i)) - 10*sin(10*t(i));
end
plot(t / x ) ;
hold on;
plot(t , dx, '— ');
plot (t, ddx, ':7) ;
xlabel(7t 7);
ylabel(7x (t), dx(t), ddx(t)7);
title(7Solid line: x(t) Dashed line: dx(t) Dotted line: ddx(t)7);
;--------- 1--------- 1-------—1------- -j--------- 1--------- 1--------- 1--------- 1______ 1______

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
t
2 -2 9
Í2 531 T )c L Í :a j: 6^ = 2. r o -c //s , T = O 'l , X fl ' O' Ol m ; ^ = 1 raJ
Intiíetl condítíonS }
a i -•
i'- ■ * ' “ n, «>„= " j / V i - r 2 = y ^ i - <■•»!
e í , . ( J. 7 » ) , < . . 7 I ) - . T . = 2 '°'°' '‘ a J / ! Í E ' , )
X „. /» .% ( * .+ (E . S)
t 0 -~ ta n "1 X - * 0 + 1 “ »
= 1 C e-3 )
\ osá x a '
E^S- ( E * ¿ ) <xnd C e* 3 ) to •
2.
y 2 + f * o + o •2o I o \ y.0 \ = ,5 , 0 0 0 | ( e •4 )
2
( + O •Z 0 ) 0 \ K o \ I
— 2— ----------------------------- ) = U 1 : 0 .7 ^ 5^
V 2 x 0 /
- (i0 4 o. 2 PIÚ) í<e) r {. S 7 0 8 *0 (e • 5)
S u k S i i "t u t 10 r» o£ Eg, * ( E • !?") 1n to (e . ^ i'e l el S
* 0 " 0 ‘ 0o7%¿¿f m ( e * 0
E^s ■ ( E * é ) <vr^ ( e •5 5 '"ve

Ce* 7)
¿•Q - -o.o|393 3 ^ /:
t lôu t: pa-SS e n ^
(k^ n) 1 " ^|-^n - 2 0 revd/s -> k r 40 o m ( e . 1)
W <'¿ k jocLSsen j e r s ;
(C0n ) 9 ' / * — 1 = 17*32 rOL.cl/s ÍE -2 .)
V /2 y m+50fl
5gw£XYínj E g . ( E - 2"), w e get
= ( | 7 .3 2 r 2 9 9 ‘ 9S2¿/ ( e *3)
rn + 5 0 0
j< - 4 00 m fn ( E * 3 ^ ) gíveS
w -l* f9 9 * 6 4 S I fcg
2 -3 0
2.5 5 ^n = ^ = 40 r a d /s
X „ = = c l
(k l
1>e■ X° — 0*1 í»r i = O• I ~ 4 m/ s
09,-,
£ - 1 33 Hz, 2 6 '4 ^/< n
r c ^ ie ^ ^ ^. _ o ^ (' |" ' * 5 . ,cc^ n

rG— =£> ---------i L - 2 G'M
6’ 3)3 N O / r- ✓ „ r-*
8 (o -S éZ S *) M
or <b_H 26. 4 (8) ( 0. 5 ¿ 2 5 ? ) - < , v

= ----------------------- -— ; = 3 .2686 X io (E •I )
N M.5 x io
*_L
f = -5
■w
W»*ere W - ) fT-PN j= = (o .562 5^) ( i . 2 8 2 ) N d
= 0 * 3 9 1 3 93 M d 2-
T
H en ee £ _ j_ / 26*4 ( 3 86.4)
z- / T- = 193
^0*3913^3 N
or n J 2 = 0 -1 7 4 9 2 5 CE *0
Egs- ( e - i ) o-nd ( e - 2.) yfeld
N = ---- — ------ r - ° ' 1749-

3 .2686 xio (2
or
or d ss o . 9 110 3 7 x io = o * 0 9 I I 0 3 "7 íocA

He ne e (\J - ° ‘ * *^4 9 2 5 _
= 2 I * o 7 5" ¿ 4 I
2 -3 1
[257) D o/fca,'. 1 = 0 . 5 6 2 5 " , <S= 4*io6 Josí, f = o •I t t / í n3
í = 19 3 Hz. , -fe = 2 6 . 4 X fc /i'n
"Íí = S b r m o r « - 't e = ^ ^ Á*1 ( 4 X (0^ )

S í ! N - 26.4
9 ( o - 5 6 2 ^ ) N
or Í _ 2 6 - 4 (8 ) ( o . 5 6 2 5 5 )
N - ------------------------- L = 9- 3 5 7 2 é g * ,a * (e -|)
4 xi o
f = íre g ,u e n c y = -L J
2 J
wAcre ^ = ^7tJ _ j TT D N J = ZL ( d . 562 ? ) ( o * I ) N e(
4
= 0 . 1 3 8 7 92 N d
Henee c - ± 26- 4 ( 3 8 6 - 4 )
2 V o. 1387 9 2 N dE = 193
or N J2 : 0-4532.30 (E -2 )
E^s- ( e - 0 «-«J ( e - O y i'e U
■ 4 9 3 2 3 0
M =
9 . 3 9 7 2 6 6 x l e £ «A*
- 6
or el6 r 4 ' 6 3 ? 5 7 5 v i o
or eA = 0 -1 2 9 1 2 7 ' r,c^
Henee N - ° ‘ 4932 30 = 29-58472S

a 2
m
By n e ^ l e c f í n j ¿k-e effech i
of se lf w c^K t éhe
teot m } ct-ncí USi'nj cu Sl'n^le Ae.GjY~€& o f f r C e J o m rr\ o J e ij
•tke r>a.t wr¿t.l f r e ^ u e n c j -tke S y s l e m c«.r» ¿e
¿x^resyecí jk_
OS1n " m
2 -3 2
WAere m = rn<a/SS o£ *{rê m cu clii'n e , ecr>d
^ - s-tíffnesy 0¿ f Ae C an t í Le v e r tea.rn :
* = U - í
r
W he r e / - í.£n^ VkE - Y¿> un «j* S m o d ulu s } <xn d X =.
CLre*^ m o m e n t ©f- ín e r t \cu o f ih-e iotccrn Sec.4: i’em -
/líS u m m j e - 30 * ps» for sieeí ca-nd 10 x io ^
|» s r - fo r c u liA m ín u v n 3 i - iO - v e
( “ • ) S I,,1 =
I ^ Jt3 i
( O í .= c S j i o ^ U j í
^ /aiuminum ^ m j? J
fta -ti'o <?f ñcut u r«d f r e ^ u e nci e s :
j_
(k **') s i e c l 30 \ 2 .
£9o3 =
( « . ) £t(uwtrium y |o ■5 / o . 5 9 lé I
t Ku S th e v^ccburcuí fre < g ,u e n c tj ís re d u ce d to 5 9 » ( 6 l]¿
of its VoJluê if o / lu m in u m ís USed m S ¿ea-d of SÍeel»
2 -3 3
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n 2
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d u ^ jd ^ L e J , a k r
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5 üo
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7T (©«2 5} (|o5o)
Le^ te. ¿e_ S 3 . A ^ ^ j J \ ¡s y cl- u e ^ fe > r g <£¿^T
tcr r tzsr e ^ o i o c
rTvoé^m cÂN /C< £2^
/vi ©' . / ^
— o
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'IgJkjLK JLC^^t£2-C^_fi5 <ûUL
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crv
M ¿* + © r © ^ ' C10150 *
crr
500 x
x -f 7V (^0 ‘ 5N) * ( l o *$ O X
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dV
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2 -3 4
fr o m lA íc J " «a ^ C «^~- U
X ^ t ^ ^ r r u ^ V -^ -c l aA
^ yx- \flé> ' / 2 - ¿i - o z 2 v r ^ Á f^ g
2 -3 5
F ro m n ttZL ^ \ r j l i Oh ^ fcjt n /f e
^ = S C O ^ ¿Xv-i ( j f ^ C J L - f _ l o c o ?
3C
3
^ o 2 5^
ey r ^ í ^ 4 to ^ ^
. ^ IO o o 3
groo C ? ' s 0 = Tr x C 1^
(o * o 2 5 )?
'2a/^ (j~ ^ c ^ (£Z& *^thJl_£C (A*-5e-w^_ ^><T^íCÍjcrn t/j 'ÚLs,
A r ^ ¿ (jU ^ , CL&
3 _ 500 (?'S i) ( o -o í S )
X /«t ~ - 77 * ~ 7 6 . éW * to
[G O °
°* ~2
'^ T ^ *2 V77 x io = Ú.0 4 2 . 4 S m
“¿oz_ ¡¿¿ y^-o-îX^X^Á C£?vv£/Í ^ jt -^ a -¿cru i fPie
-J z c e g ^ l t o w - ( » f / ) * ^
i F f __ 3000 ^ 2.
•'k
X
x r *irt ( o , c 2 5 ^ / * = * st
3 OOv
O 1.
7 7 (V -2 V 7 7 m o ^ )
(Ôj o 2.5^)
X __
— ( ? Q g o") • 2 4 7 7 ^ ) _j_0_
6
5.625 x lo
= 6 * ! o )(''!<?- o y 2. <O íc 5
í A A --------------- a --------- = 3 . !f 6 t(Q. * to ty
1 5 - 6 2 5 *„“ é
Cc ^) M oJ ru J ^ V l ^r r o - ^ VK ¿ r r r ^ J lA
C^X'^^S2-XjOvrv/LA^^ '.
^ ( 3 l Lí ^ 2 Xio \ n ,
Wn" \J ^ - \ — d i — ) - 2 £ ' ? 2 ,s "“V-4

(fí ) (N /aÔ -A ^-í Vl tnraufe^vN ^ ¡y-
£ jj^ ^ C -J U rr4 sr& 4 [ tiíkt-rt 1rn ~ g o o 1^. ?
tkíS C L ^ y e ^ y -^ d s i^ ^ ^ S z¿r^ ¿i
1F* * - ^
_ ? _ 6o o _ C ^ H ^ i ! 2 _ y>spÉ x ( o - o « )
/í t (OOO
ir - í’ So 55 x o « 02 S = o. 0 ^ 5 14 ^
-y ^ A y ~ ^ o » -^ * ^ , *: ;> a -W ^
^c^rC tT cr^ (^ ¿X g ^ t t e -' ¿>2
l 2
(V A F ( 3oo° . "\
* = 7 ^ I -
'jc-z y A t
- ;—
(o-ozS^)
^ t*,*)
3 0 O O r - 2. A *“
— — - , C x ,c y
Ce ’O z5J
r - V -N
3 0 0 0 r 2 0 ,67yS X io / f
i — 1 1 2 0 * , o % ,
15- £ 2 5 x lo
H c ^ -o z . tti t f ZJÍ~ & *Jl~~<^J C ^ \ í ^ i n s - ( y ? r f
/£ty^g.JUi SL¿+%~^¿2-£-£~*cr'~e-«~-íz :
= c ~ í 5 ' s 3 , a ^
2 -3 7
@
= a =. - lo V r 1- - ^ - ¿ JL f O
/A Jbb- y
tv ^ g T fa ^ v . c r£ E^ ■ ( O W r.E Tx^
^ =■ j j - £ - -lo í + ci
fif- fcfc. ¿ n x ^ e a í oJvt- J t - ° a^ Á ¿ = U = lo o x ^ / ln tu t

3
. ^ . \ 10 o x 10 m __ _ ^ ^
x ( 4 : « ) * - — - j - 2 1- l H 8 I I = C,
£ o x ¿ o ^ ^
•• ^ -(¿ )- - 10 t + 2 '7 .'7 7 '7 5

A£~
i^ r - o r ^ X f
' tsr % j * y- ™
e z *. ■ + n - i ” *
„ i . - m * »
/ ^ <u t -+- i : «*- ^ 2_
s , 7 l„ 7 . ( . . r ^ O + i C - O f * ^
, 7 g . ,6(2- " 3 S - 5 ? a í
- 3 g . 5 ? 03 m
2 -3 8
For Uo11o vaí c »' r o u i éx r
po si j
I -
xoe 73 * f f c ’ - o
= S ( o . 0 5 ‘l- O-O-s’ )
= 1-6872 / io m
£ ^ « .á i \ ^ izsrJ ^ fck o£ poSi
(£or ber'di'ng «í
í = i - o*2 - |.
le ~ 2 . 0 - 0 * 2 = I' 8 rn
B eyJ U ry /V C c ^ r v ^ cr^ ffa p ost ^ p ¡ a . y\€. :

* 3 , -- p
- *
3 E I 3 (207 y 1 0 9 ) ( ) ■ ¿ 8 7 S X le )
o-sy
« .*
3 .
- 17? • 71 X (O N /m
ft\QÁA ó\ ike foost = m - 7V (re2- r.Z ) i f
» M = 7 r ( 0.o f a - o . ol |5 2 ) ( x ) r 7 £ 5 £ 0 _ X _ 2, l l 7 ? ? fcg
9- ? /
On¿L^í 05^. 1 KoujtfaCc ^ ''g n - jM __ b d i y
~ (A - 0 - 7 5 (o - ¿ O ( o •<30 O flJ L iilf \ = 11• é <? 7 2 Kg

v 9- SM /
EyjAj~Voj£s*Jr rrux¿*£ CT^- a, CcJuvufe^CA^CA be«£X/vn cr^- m
<wi£fc cxnn m ^ s M ( ír o m to-<^c cover) *
M + o-2 3 m = 1,-69 7 2 - + o - 2 3 ( 2 3 * 2 7 3 0
= í7*<5E02 " kg
No-tu r a i ;fr e g ,u e n ¿ g ôr v i b r a-'h'on •'m k . ^ |o)¿cY\e:
2 -3 9
05 r> = ( * ^ |2 _ /I 7 9 .7 ! 94 y io3 V
V / V 17-0502 /
=■ 10 2 • t££ 7 ¿| ro .d / s
BeootiVv} ¿ + í $ f n e ? T a\ +ke pos-t y^-j ol o-ne--
- 3 E 1 ><_* 3 ( 2 0 7 * io^ ) ( i - é í 7 S x ¡ 6 )
*3-
C c '- o 3
3
= |7 <? • 7 l 1 M X IÍ N < /m
N o J x ú t -o A :f W Vi b r a . - h r o r . i'n ^ " J ’ â 'n e '
. 3 -
^ " f _ y 7 ? - 7 1 9 */ y/o x *-
V rr' e8 / V iv-os o 2
= lo 2- £ 6 7 4 r a .d / j s
2 -4 0
=: O *c) H 5 (=>o s t
í -2*
- *■
= |.6 8 7 S MO m f
x * '.
EfáSLcfryJZ jLc-r^6fe o f |?<?St
(fo r k e *d ''^ 5 lS J
l e ~ 2 ' o - o •2 - i' S ^ = l-fr *
- to¡GLY\ e ;
B em k rvg / fc tfr * * * °1 r r 5Írir> * * - P
- *
3 E I 3 ( I * 1 x i o 9 ) ( i - 6 8 7 S Xio )
n
i: 0 - 8 ) 3
= ?£• 3 7 2 7 X 10 N /m
Pr\aA¿ Cf^. -fre (oost - m W T* ( r c ~ r/ ) ^ /
= >TJ ~ 8 0 lo a
- 7T ( V o ? - o-o¿f 5 2 ) (2.) f - in . 3& lO ^3
V 9- SI
(YitiAJ c f I jx í X ^ C c ^ ' ’ gri - ]V1 ^ J é j
- (A ^ o •7 5 (o *if) (o ■íO 5^ / 8 0 toj>\ 1 2 - 2 . ^ 7 6 Kg

v 9'*/ /
E ^ U -V a d ^ d r r n fl^ a- C& uvít£jZAS*SL ¡D6<¿X/v-n erf r a í^ rn
cuy» e^-ud /vi ( f rom bo-cjc c o v e r " ) '•
= m -f- 0 -2 3 vn = iz .z iflé -t 0 - 2 3 O 2 ¿ { - S 6 H O }
= I 7 ‘ S’ S 2 S
M o lt u r a d fre g ,u e n c g f or V í k r t f ^ h 'o n ir» x ^ (o l¿ c v \e :
2 -4 1
<¿n = V» 3 7 2 T V I03
\ / \ 17- 8 5 Í S '
- 1 3 -4 7 2 ^ r a .¿ / s
Benát-nj r +ke po s i m y^_|jl<xne*.
3 E 1 a‘ * 3 ( ‘ I I x io^ ) ( l - é í 7 S x 16 )
^ys-
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e c'-o’
3
3 . /
~ 5 6 * 3 7 2Lt * 10
jLe r v i Wra.fi*o r. ín ¡ / ¿ ' , H a' lae '■
M ,-- A % _ V _ / ?g- 3 7 2 7 y > / “
^ c g J 1 17-SSZ5
= 7 3 - ¿f- 7 2 ? r o ,A / jí
2 -4 2
For free ví k r a i i 'o n ¿ M e w fo n ^
$€-Cor\á (.CLU) o f Yno+i'íltt -
yn? 0 + m^5ír>e=o Qe •i
fo r ím t^ Ü cLrnjjulcL<r ctis f3l a c e m e n Í 5J Eg , f E •i^)
rebutes to
tr\í 6> +- 0 ~° Ce ' 2)

G,f 0 + 09^ © = O (e --0
ivkere ^ - ¡f
O •4 )
j o(m(íow of Bg, . ( E *0 rS :
e(í) - 6n Co S 0 9 -f 6c S ín 09^ t (E-5)

05
wkere 0 o etncí é o Jetóte c*_n^wla-r d i ' s ^ U c e m e n ’í:
o-nd ¿xv^m (a. r \/e [o c \ - íy ak t~o. j a-v* pt i t u A e of
m oítcm i' S 5ív/er? fc^y
2. -»-£
O = je: e*
(£•6)
V Oí r>
Us ;"3 ( 3 - o CL-mel 1 r a - á / s > E g, »
Ce - O j ¡ves
0 *5 ^
0 9 r> 09,
or 05 n - 2 r
J/>
2 -4 3
© The ¿jjsiem 0£ R'3 . ( A ) DnVen
Príve r
Co-in be JrauJn ín
C guívodent j^ r w cus
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koH fu ffe y s ha,ve t h e Xxxne
r o -J fu s T¿ • We rJotíce ín
F(‘5 »C®) thcdb víbra-tión ca-n fex e
■fjjaxe ín onty onc wcty one
^ü//ey m ovir\j cloctûiise cund
éhe. o 't h e r m ovin y Coun t e r c lock-w i s e •,Q
W/ker> pulíeys- ro t a - t e ín
opposíée c5írec.-ttons, _£j_ _
©2 JJ
T h e ¿f> rtn j f o r c é , wbích bo-3 th e
*x = _ /forcé ín -ífc>rínq-S \ y»
üune v a lu é on e í i b e r pulley ¿s - fc¿(6i + & z ) ó.© ~ \ due te A© )
A©
U beve -fc^. - to r s io n a l ¿ p r í n j conS-fca.rvt o f
(Z* r . A e ) ^ 2-KcC
■¿Ac ^ys-benr <í(. m o-tíon Xí
2 * ( tJ ^ ) 2 = * / « ► 'V n J
(A t ^ C e «-f-G2)=0 • ( e / ) 9 ‘V es , f o r C¿ = ' 2 TTrod,
í-e. J-f6,+ i< t(i+ £ )e {=o ^ ^ ¿ ¡+ ^ ¿ ('- ^ ^ 0 e2= ° -fc = 4 * 4 - 7 * 3 5 ^ 4 .
B iéher o f ¿bese eû«a:tíonff ^ív es The o th e r possíb\e mob-ibn i$

ro ta -tío n c f tb e iu o J-«.Ueyí a ¿ c u
« = [ * * ( * £ £ ) } - - - ( o Íü h o le (e~S rígícS Lo <5y ) ir* /8a-m e
f/ere j (= o-2/^_ = o -o 5 -k^- rnZ , clt re-ct Con • Thís w !(l ha-ve a. na-tured.
T¿~ Jl(4f>eed rahoj1^ o - í ( ^ ) 2’ - o- oi z5 freû.tncj of êro* See êcítíom 5‘-'7-
2 -4 4
@ 'w
(t) m f 0 4 t e a ? s ín © + rr\j2 5Ín © = O ; m i © + (^ a +- m ^ í ^ 0 - 0
J mi1
(c ) m lZ Q + 4c c ¿ Sir\ 9 — SiVi 0 = 0 ; m i ¿ + ( 1<G? - 0 = 0
= f r £ - ~ ¿ '
V m i 2-
C0 nfiûra.-t<on (¿ ) has th e (iijh e s b n a ,b u r a L /r e g u e n c y .
n oc*?
m = mass of a panel = (5 x 12) (3 x 12) (l) (—------ ) = 1.5820
386.4
J0 = mass moment of inertia of panel about x—axis = — (a2 + b2)

1.5820 , 9 9v 12
= — — — ( l 2 + 36 ) = 170.9878
1a
7T
lo = polar moment of inertia of rod = — d4 = — ( l )4 = 0.098175 in4
32 32
2-45
kt = _ (3.8 (10°)) (0.098175) = ^ (1()4)
£ 12
l_
kt 2 3.1089 (104) 2
OJr =■ = 13.4841 rad/sec
( JoJ 170.9878
Iq = polar moment of inertia of cross section of shaft AB
© =
32
d4 = — (l)4 = 0.098175 in4
32 Q ^
kt = torsional stiffness of shaft AB = —- —
= (12 (106)) (0-098175! = lg 635 4 lb _ . n /r a d
6
Jo = mass momen of inertia of the three blades abont y—axis
2
= 3 J 0 I PQ = 3 - m / 2 (12) = 0.7453
3 386.4
Torsional natural frequency:

v 1
k tl 2 19.635 (104) [2 , 1 Q0 7.7 ,/
C*JU = ' -----------^----- - r = 513.2747 rad/sec
Jo 0.7453
Jq = mass moment of inertia of the ring = 1 . 0 kg—m2.
@ Ioa = polar moment of inertia of the cross section of steel shaft
= (d4, - df,) = I . (0.054 - 0.044) = 36.2266 (10“ 8) m4

áZ
Iob — polar moment of inertia 4of cross section of brass shaft
= (dob - dfb) = (0.044 - 0.034) = 17.1806 (10-®) m4
kta = torsional stiffness of steel shaft
Gg los (80 (109)) (36.2266 (10“ 8)) , ,

= — p— = — = 14490.64 N -m /r a d
-
ktb = torsional stiffness of brass shaft
= = (40 (10»)) (17 1806 (10~8)) _ ^ ^ N

V Z
kfceq = kta + ktb = 17,926.76 N -m /r a d
Torsional natural frequency:
kte, ^ /1 7 9 2 6 .7 6 w
CoL =
Natural time period: V —— =
2 7T 2 7T
= 133.8908 rad/sec
= 0.04693 sec
133.8908
2 -4 6
Ki'netic en eryy of S ystem is
T = +■ 1 ¡ ot = ¿ 2’ + i . M i 1 0 Z
Fotentía,L e n e r jy o f s y stem ?s
^Smee m o« -fc-Fe roe) o_o¿£ ~tPCroujb ¡Jj Cer&Z'c')
U = Uf0cJ + - -|/myí (i-Ccs e ) + ^Myi(l-CoS Jffl- coi e
Eûcairión m otion :
w(T+v> °
;.e. (m + t © e + (^+- ^ sín e = o
For ffVTíO-i-í- ajngles, •- (W + "íO J-

0 4 e = o
esm =
For t he síia/;ft, ¿r = = Z L l° ".5 ) ! = é l.

32
le
F -- (S¿7_
£ - C ° ‘7 g 3 * 10 ')_C^f _ ‘ ?_? 9 4. J L <0 ) _ = 2 4 3 2 3 * 0 0 2 N-™/raj)
For ■fcl■>£ ái's'c >

n
- (í
Al P X / ^ 7 T I)2"
=
32
, (7 ..,, = 7 < . 8 7 ,0 t}_
^n= /-í-
J¿
= (aS = ) ‘,‘ - »V~
B<ûcLtiom o/ motion
© J 9 = — W á e - 2 * ( -í- &)
- z * & 9)21 _ ^ e
e re
JA = ^ + v" d l = TT +ni íV
__ I o2-
- — mX
m i 2- X . ( m 9 ¿ + 1 * 1 2 + 8 * /*
9 V ^ •? 9
d + lo 4 # % - 9
2 -4 7
Fo r Jfv e n écL-tcu,
S Q o ) ( <f ' S \ ) ^ / é ) - H O (2-0 O o ) ( 5 > ¿ + 3 ( t O O Ó )

= 4 5 -1 5 4 7 ^
10 ( 5 ) z
í - I 771 ^ > cT = _L in R + m R *,(R + ¿)6 > \ ¡A >kz ( R - h c b ) e
Y V V v v v ----- -
L e í cumular d¡sf>ía-cem ervt = © v \ * 2
' 1 £2i
** ( ( \
X \. i
EûojtCo'n o f m a tío n :
9 © /
J~c G + * ,( & + < * ') © -f- fc2 (R-hCbfe = o
(*,+ fez) C R + ~ ) I . = / ( ^ + Kz ) ( R+ c u f
=
v/ i. c m BJ?2.
5 m * fEi)
Egua-Frort (Ef) sL o w s bhcut G9n in c re a se J tv iíít h e VclL clc
of Oj .
(j9y\ U/iLL h e m á x im u m lA/hen a» =. R .
N e t ¿Lcíi'ng on the jf€n<Sulurn = ?'á*l — 5 - ¿f-' ^ ^" ’/sec2' = ^
GS>n = /A . = y4^1' - 3. |0 lé ToJf& c.

</ ^
t;= 21r/á<>„ = 2-02?? -Sec
Egu<xíion oj^ mot íon:
cJ¿ © - -■ki e - ( * ¿ c l &)cu - (*¿ i ©) í
uhere r0 =
< m Cb
•|; tn Í Z 9 + ^ *{. + 6 =0
l 1/ !
___________ V TTI X.______________ J
©
- ¿ £ -H " t o ¿ >2 ~ -j- rn cu -h T7) h Z
Eguajtion oj- mo í ion:

<^, 0 4_ h Q —o
2 .£ fc
¿"o az+ Z b2
W » _ j_ /• ¿ y h \ - j / (q N - Z 0 ( 2 ? ) - Q
a¿ 2 ' a + t ¿ 2/ ( Í( a *? + 22L.¿
¿ XY
1) 3
2 -4 8
I _L. &
,e , ^fT
C 5 „| = / 7T =
|fe _ + V v r y a, + z ( a y 0 y ^ o,
t = - <yfc 3; v e s !rr\cuj\ n a~ry \zcbiue fo r G5n .
Sínce 03^=0 U/fien t = O > we ha-ve ^Yi¡mCLX ^~
(Q 31C
*^
.■
- L Í * _______ ^
há- 4
->K-
‘ 4
Let 6 be measured from static equilibrium position so that gravity forcé need not
be considered.
(a) Newton’s second law of motion:
J0 'é = - 3 k (fi - ) 4 - - k (e ^ 4 -) { ^ - ) or Jo'é + i - k í ’2 5 = 0

4 4 4 4 4
(b) D ’Alembert’s principie:
M(t)-J0 5 = 0 or _ 3 k ( 5 - f ) ( f ) - k ( 5 Í f ) ( - ^ ) - J 0 5 = 0
4 4 4 4
or Jq 6 + — k 6= 0
4
(c) Principie of yirtnal work:
Virtnal work done by spring forcé:
SWs = - 3 k (5 L ) ( í - 55) - k (5 n . ) ( H . 55)
Virtual work done by inertia moment = - (J0 9) 66

Setting total virtual work done by all forces/moments equal to zero, we
obtain
j0 e + — k e2 e = o
4
2 -4 9
T b rs ,’or>«i / itiff- ne ss of
th e p oSi (c Jp o u h ¿ j - o j t \ 's ) :
= E ± ( / _ r* )
2 i e ' '
7T ^( O' OS - O - O ^ S ^
2 (l-O
= 14 s. 7 / S I xio? N-™
Alc^tS mament of ¡nerti'fl.
o£ t ír e A¡<jrt o - ta n C Cfee
■z - o-x i s •
A (< * % ta )
r .
S.gn 12
lü I ftí
MíuW csj. t h e ^ i c ¿>‘g<n - M - b cí t J
*W 5. o . - í S ( o ,‘l ) ( o . a o O = n-é<?72 Kg
V 9- SM /
y en ce 2~ 2 \ 2.
I l ' 6<? 7 Z (o-ifO •+ o - 7 5 ) - 0-70^3 icg-m
Síjn
;2
/Y | o ^ riñóme n i of ín e rfía . of t fr e post ¿iX o tc i" fír e
■2. - tf-Xi s *.
. 2
«r.peS-t
9
Wi ^ ol = 2 r. r 0 -1 o m = Z T: - 2 (o -o *<5 ) = o ■o9 IV»
=1
a\ -fas p o s t - m - 7r (*0 - r ? ) ^ f
=Vn= 7T Co- o5 2- 0 . 0 4 5 1 ) ( 2. ) f l £ Í £ i . N) - 2 3 - 2 -7 3 S M
V ?■ ¡?i / '
2 -5 0
Heêe
t _ 23.2738/^ *
% oS¿ " -( O - IO + O ' O*) ) = o -o 5 2 6 51 kj
r 8 v
EgUf'vc^lent rrua-^ fn o m e n f o f ¡ n e r it a * o f ffre («cst
( ") Q-^£3Cru^ ío c a ^ t t'cyy of- Uñe 'S fjn *•
r- _ ^ bost 0*0 5 2 ^ 5 7 2.
^ " — ------ = ---- 3 ----------- = 0 . 0 1 7 552 kg ~ m
C IDe r í va-’ti’cin g iVen b e l o w )
^JcLburGuí freûeyicy of iorSxoncJl V <' b r cuiCo'n o f fk e
i r o -£ f\ 'c sfgr» cxL oui “fte ^ - ay ís:
\ 2
69 =
J_
3 2.
/4 8 - 7 1 6 / x io
0 . 7 0 ¿f 3 -1 0-0/7S 52
r 4 5 3 * 8 ^ 4 5 ro-cf^/^
D e rí Vo-ti'or» :
E f f e c “Ir o f mcrrruemjt" cr^- injzj^tjCco of fk e
f , os t cnr C ) or» "ffce n o ltc V i- a Jt fr e ^ A ^ y ^ c y
o f y l braJxcY* 0f a, c By \jA m jzÁ-^
Vncrru^vxi" cTjp »'m-OlX£a/ ( j " Sl* j n ^ :
Let 0 be fce as^ôJbz?* velocífg of ffce €.n_cf
m crrrx¿Jr [yyJO^GO ( J“S|. ) JLuJlXr^ V&rcuh'oY)
/ UsUhne Ou kruLO* yc& U e& O r* ^ ffa g ^ J a h
cr£ K e ( post -) ^
ÁJ.¿J?C^c*CJL x j^Tcnm t£e f 'x e i e-rucí ^ tÍTe CLrt^syJ^-
2 -5 1
V e l i s g iv e n l=y 9 x _
*
rke foteJ K m e h 'c tfCe A^no^ ( p ° s i)
\S °i f V e n bw
ó jí^ í J] p ° ^ \ á
IaoS-fc
i A l J
i j h i t ^é ' 2
Ttlís sAoWS Wrot -tfee r ^ n r r ^ n -t
di. ¡r d u r jla , "tfce ( Y° s 0 ^ ~ê e^ rl^
is Îfost .
2 -5 2
Tcrsi'on
fh e poSi (oL ou t clx\s) :
= TT G
ae
^ r H t-j 's
7T ( q i ’ H * «° ,) \0, ° 5 - 0*0¿*5 y
2 (1*0
= 77-^37? x io l\f
/ViO M 'm o m e n t o f merti'fc'
ihe £ *^ n 6LÍoou.t fr>e
■2 - O - X i S •
A ( 4 * 4 t1 )
a ;. I2
^‘3 n
w í ttí
(Yla^í ej. tñ -e ^ fC c /$<'gn = ^ _ b et t j=
5 « s 0 . 1 5 ( f l - i ( ) ( « ' « 5 ' ) f Ü l ! l ' | s . Z. 2 4 7 - é Kg

v 9-ei J
Wence _ l2 -2 4 " 7 £ - m
(o-tf 0 % o - 7 5 2 ) = a .73 7^ <45
sí3 " ,a
|YÍ£l4 í m om en -t of i n e r ^ 'a - o j tíre post ¿Jaowi" fíre

Z - a _ * l S ■■
m , 2 Z ^
ir,p e Si T~
( dc + J;
W¡ oi = - o •|o m , - 2. T¿ ~ 2 (o -o 4 5 ) = o •o9 hr»
ctw
fl\qJLa d \ -fte joost - n-i - 7 T Cr02 - r ¿a ) i f
aVT! = 7T f 0 . c / - 0 .0 4 5 2 ) (7.) f T Í B O ^ X _ ZH-i¿<)0 fcg

V 9 - s-; /
2-53
H en e e.
2¿ j - 3 ¿ J O s 2. 2. £
^"pos-t ío'lo O'O 9 ) sr o - o 5 5 135 ley
S v
E g U (‘ycí'Í e n i córner» i" o f \ner~ti'cu o f ff re f°©s t
( ^ oJocruí U ñe t o c ¿ u t i 'c y ) of- Uñe ¿ÍJn *
r - J post 0 *0 5 5 1 ^ 5 2
^í f r - — ^ 5------- = C O I 8 3 7 8 R^ -rn
3 o
C X»€ n V a - trc n g iV e n *n tíre Solu+Yon o f Pnsfc/em 2 * 7 9 )
fsiîruro-t f r o f ío rS x 'o m o J l Vi k r a . f i ' o n of- Uñe
ir a -ffi'c s,*gn c jo o u f " f ie -a x i S :
=
© g n +
3
7 7 - ¿3 ?? * 10
0 .7 3 7 ^ 4 0 . 0 { £ 3 7 3
= 3 2 0 - 5 1 2 7 t* A / a
2 -5 4
©/ ^ rsu rn e + fc e €.rve| rruxJ^ rn ^ f o te Oí Jo o iV © rru a^ < ? . T Í en
©ke m £4í rn£rrruzyct~ ('x^sjzSj^l. tí"^- m , a^t>crb<j{r / ksL p/y/ct
J^ o r n t i© gfven by
I , = W, i
51 (0
ñ-r ¿¿3 u ^ - ^ > vv- L ¿* <r£ ít^ & r
a ^ ~ l 'rre^ rf VT¿ ^ Tr^-& ^ íd ^ m ^ Á ~
&Ij ¡ y^jisXJ!j~cí~ ¿2-4ím©r' (£ZjC~ i vo ^ O
# g^’v ^
X* = © "a ( T üO ^ f C*>
(TT^j^rr^v^- £2J&tTía^~ ^ ,i~Vorí~ ^jp-o'ird~~ q ^
L u bzre
r 0 - r z = i ^ /a ^ (*•>
fjnr ^ ¡£ ¿ ^ t s^
> ^ & ~ 19 ^ •O )
lx e jc ^ W íc J *x5
(© 1 + 3~ ^ ) <9 + (™i 3- t- -*■ <© ~) 5> -
CK
i(t rn, 2 - t -f w > 5
0 t & ~ o
2 ^ " ’J Z + mo*. / ^ )
2-55
LZ ( 6 ™ , 4 2 m i')
* e t L ( g ™ /* 3 *>» - ^\ g ^ ° Cs )
í V £ toj -f- 2 «>£. /
(y>~} a A & -h te -n 6 ~ ° ’ ^ ZX
% / é m tT
(s ji v. é m j -+ a *^2- y
2 -5 6
B^jjôíZcnn mofion for ÜTe. m cftcort ¿rf ffá*-
£¿\JLQJ»rn oJ-CTlkr "fe pClnf O •
I0 ^ f Coi ©í
- F i O ' 2 - t - F i a' i = o CO
/Wtiere ÍS FAe t o t J iC ^ ^ C O r r ^ v O t <y£.
H e • fe fK .a W , r ó i‘ s H e rrn^s rrup-m i^H ^ ,‘rvehJTa.
° f- ‘ffc’® fcflea^Wvi cla-vJ» “rtre hrat* Oq3&\xjlA :
l o = W2 ^ + Í ^ 1,11 ( 2 J)
qptJ "tte f o r c é s m -fte t/cepí ^ ferce-Ja-í
tyvu^ c¿ c.^ £ QyvvJ F| ^) olA£ gi'ver» b_y
F2 - - - C2 © é ^ c o
F, =r C, X = Ct a^, 9 f, Qq ^
u^Kere “ttre linear v e lo City of He f r .'c e p s c ^ n
be expressed a¿
¿ 2i a ,0¿ CO
Ltfíng Eg?. ( 2 ) - (/O , E^* C O cam be r e u /r t f r t e n
a6
•*
lo et + Cw * 9 15 + i tn> ? k ) C05 e¿
i - C 2 o¿2 + c , O,, e¿ = O (£ )
L e t fr e ¿ o r e a-rm u n d e r jo srncHL o^ u I a Zx.
ch& fLzJL*Ltrwr£ (0 ") afocruir ffce ¿tcJ E & epûiíi'krVum
(oosítt'on j Q , So fk a k
©t - © 4 e O)
USmg Tajjior's s e r í e s e x p a n s i ó n 0£ eos e b ¿Jto-uir

rte ¿feJUc O^LUU\aJx¿u*nn j o o S l t í o r i , C^Y\ te
oJ> ^ VoJLu ju :
eos e± - eos ( e + e ) eos & - e sin q CO
U S««^ 0^ ~ ¿’ CLmJ. ■= 0 ^ Eg . (f Ccl* ¿e
e.x^>re SS e-ol
I 0 & + (™2 ? í» +■£ ™ ,g l>) é - r5m 9 eO
+ c 2 fl/2 Ce + O ■+ C, a , 0 - o
or
i a e + 0 °231° + i ^^ ^ e
- Sl'm e ( m 2 3 1» + I W1, 5 9 + c l a' 2 . e
+ e + c, o», é = o (5)
Nofrng B e stat.-c eguíírt n W eûa-h'on of-

H e f o r C aJv*r, q Jc & ± - 6 ¡S 9 'V e r . bj
(m2 3 J. -f { M|J¿) Coi 0 + c2 0s2 &- - o Cío')
Ir» v í e w of E g.(|o)J • (3 ) tetó m e s
(ína b + -1 b m Q ¿’ + c ,ix* G
+ £ C2 a» 2 - S1V1 © t) b ( jn z + m/) j. Q =■ O
0 1)
wbvcb «^.Grio^f S ’b'lxG. fiûoX.Lí ke e jc p r e S fe J Q-S
G/2 - S('n 6 fk ( m 2 + f u n ,}
09-ri = / ---------------- -- ---------------------------------------------------------- r<2-)
k^ 6 ^ 2 + -i-
2 -5 9
(& 0 \00 V + 20 v = O
U ^ in j a> $ o \u tio r> S’ Cvn! leer fo (2 < 5 £ ^ )a m 4 (2 '5 3 )j
We f í n d : 2o
F r e e Vi’b r a v ie n r e s g o n s e *.v ( * t ) = V fo '). tfa ^ M -o .f c r > - c?2 v ^ v b r sw 'sju^
\CD O ( O ) ^ ¿o C. — © <jr C C 2.
'1( ^
00. t"
2.
- o
v f°"> - /3 e -4 f = «5 ^ ^ - J1
T oicJ. TüUi^CPrAjL \
_ idL -fc
vC¿) = if- e_ 100 + i
- — -fc
Free v»*br^tron r é s t e n s e : <0 ÍOc
— £
Hom o ên eou S Saluiion: i S. g. (co
T tV n e c o n s t e - r v t .* 7^ r IfL L — q ^5e x
‘ 2o
2 -6 0
v ( t ) - "V ( O e
'"TÍos ^%LjtTov, ^ n ru ri u J ^ fe r v * . •
fvJo ÍXvt-^ c& sr* ír c g^TZ-c^-J
V; /^^CuJ ^ íTV» .'

05(t; _ _ ^ * - o . . ¿
“ o>5 (O - 0 . 5 e
TiV*e -'T zr - lo ¿ ,
2 -6 1
Leb -b ~ © wben -forcé í s r e Ie cl&zÁ ■
B e f a r e +£*- -forcé ¡s rcle&^cJ 3 t b e - s js ie m ís cJr r e s t

So 'bkot
p = * % ) t“ < o
, ~S. __ t tóV" 1 __ ^ O O
ere -X (<5 ; - — o •1 _ ----- _ --------
r 4*
jc •= BOO¿> M /tt.
^ <rvV W - fcrr t ■> O
c i -f 'te * ~ ^ ^ i
^ %• c o * *y
V , Soo o
* C * ) = A . e- ‘ =A - e C
iA-t t ~ o , 9C C t ■) - O * I /(u/*- ^
—o
6*1 — A e <nr A - O' I
$o o o
-' * L i ") - o *\ e c t ^ o ( e 2)
USi'-n^ ^ c.b = io*) - O' O/ m ¿y. (E j.')?
- ( Sooo/c ^ » ° - ( S o , 0 0 0 X 'J
0*01 - 0-1 e or (o /c -o*|
í e 50000 r
>•£•; - — . - X/ « o , i - - 2-? o 2 £
H en ee C - 2 I 7 I H •~7 N ~ S/W>
2 -6 2
-m V -r-
o
{0 0 C \9 _ -
S O ooo ^ 2 00 a V - 1 0 0 0 ^ ^ 1)
Ip o o ¿ -f- % o o o v ^ y 0^ (<?0
3 .5 V ■+ V =■ ZC'O^S ( É ;^ )
ío lu £ „ ty • (j£ ¡ *) V(o?^ o * k * = *'•
r ^ 0
V(b) - 2 0 -0^5 ( l - e
° r - 2 i-
r
(fc ') c 2 0 •o 9 5 (i - @ ) ( Ez")
J*
In ié ^ o J ^ c r r » Eg, - ( e / ) 3'V6S
* ( b ) ~ 2 o -o 7 5 t -~ 20'Q ^5 ^ . (o ^ + C|
, - 1 ^
- i»'0Í5 t -[• IO - O V 7 ? e -f- C J
X (o) - O
j2
d^> 1 0 .6 4 7 5 e ~f~ C I
or c, - — to-6475
-2¿
,; 7< ( " O - 2 0 - 0 7 5 “t H- lo - o ¿| "7 5 € - 10 .o L f 7 5
2 -6 3
Let meff = effective part of mass of beam (m) at middle. Thus vibratory inertia
forcé at middle is due to (M + m^s). Assume a deflection shape:
y(x,t) = Y(x) eos (cün t — (f>) where Y(x) = static deflection shape due to load at
middle given by:
B, I , L m
M
- - 'I
Y (x )= Y 0 3 - -4 — ; O< x < —
3 ¿ 4 e - - 2
F £
where Yn = máximum deflection of the beam at middle =
48 E I
Máximum strain energy of beam = máximum work done by forcé F — — F Y q.

¿í
Máximum kinetic energy due to distributed mass of beam:
= 2
j Y f I áí
m w2 2
/ Y 2(x) dx + i CJ2 Ymax M
m u2 2
—f Y dx + -i- Y 2 M w2
m u2 Y q 9 x3 16 x7 24 x5
lo2 + — Yq M CJ2
€2 3 ¿ * 7 5
— 1 v 2 / ,2 17
- j Y 0 w, m + M
35
17
This shows that mcff = — m = 0.4857 m
35
For Sma-LL cLr>û.la.r rota/hon o f bctr PQ. glboab P ,
T G^'Oeg, (9 ^ 3) = zT + IzT ^ 2 (0 ^ 2}
(V )^ = a, * * *
Sin c e (j<iz)e^ o^nX 1¿3 a xe ir»seríes ,
(*• 2). 4c, 4c3 f,2- + icz 1c3 Hz

f€»
"k, /2| + 1<2_ /^2 ^ 3 ^3
7 " = H ine-tic enerjy = -£■ m -i. Ü = fjotenéíaJ. e n e r j y = 4-
Lí - X eos C¿r,-t,
Tmo-x = *Z m “ 2 *
2 -6 5
,
T mCLX — cu* S 1v e s * , -k3 i , 2" -h kz *3 i 2

09r, =
t n ('k l i| -f *2 ^2 -f- ^3 ^3 )
WÍien mfí.S’S wi moves b>y x.,

Spríng fc, c{ e - f l e c i r s by .
X = K m etíc en ergy
U =• j a c é e n h a l e.n erjy= z [ ± ( líc
= "s * **
For i\CL.rmo\nic m o'bfom ,
”T"w «-* = 4* rn tiSy, X j ^ mcx-x = _L
U g
TyVna_x = U mcuc 3» v e ?
09, = > s
R efer to -bbe jf (’ <yu re o£ so lu tion of jprolslem 2.24-
T = 2 '^ X J U = —- ^21<, (<X CoS 4 5° ) ■+■ 2.1<2 (x co.? 13 ? ° ) 2 J
= -f- 'fcj.') x
Fo r k a -r m o n íc m o t fo n ,
T m ix = y m X1 , = J. ( * , + M X2
Trô.x — U max îveS

<•»« = J vn
krnetíc energy ("K.E-) = m x
Poire n ii’o.1 eneryy ^ p . £ . ^ _ J_ x , x *f- ^ Tz x. = u/or* done «n

Jisplo-cmy rnciSS m by di'sto-rice x a^cu^sb Itk totcü. f-o rc e
O t e n lo * ) 0j! r, + T¿.
X = -
QJ T j T2 -
¿
x ~ T" ír o m Soluirt'on of f’ r o t l e m 2*2 6
ÍHo-x- K- E- - -L-m 09^ X z T ( ^ + t ) X'
Ma.x- k-E. = Mo.x. P E. 3 fveff

_ / T ( a, + ¿Q T j
* V m a, b \¡ rr\ o* ( t - a S )
T = k-E* = X á 2 = 2: f e ■*" mcO ¿ 2 = T 6 2 ™ l x+ " ’ i X ) ©

_L . 2
— 2 c ¥ - z) 0
u = p *E - = 1*2 ¿( ( 1- eos e ) + 2 f i k ^ + i 0
W i¿ b coS e 2: i - ©2 , X 1 = _|_ 0 o_n
_ z*
2 -6 6
* i í - 8 + 1 « t
u = ^ t 4 + ^ t ®í + 9
= í O r " ) , U rr^ = i ™ | i. ®l + i ^ ± T ) e \ i ^ 0Z
< J- Lx gtVer________ _____________
rnS ' T + Z Z E Z + *¿ = 45. 15 4 7 — for given

tn l Z Á qJcQj
___________ N______________ 9_____________________ ____________ _________________ _
R e fe r to the fig u r e in -the so lu tfo n of ^ ro tle m 2-76
T = 1- .t
T= Í iT0 * *
U = ± u± e z -h j r * i Câ')2’ + i ** (® * ) 2
For 0 (t) = o COS >
TmcLX = ± J0 C9Z 9
'Fwo.x — ^ w a x £ <Ve5
+- 4c¿ o? + fc* i L _ / 3 ( * t t ^<i^ f * 2 ¿*)
^n =
” “ V Tn f 2-
Sínce = m /y 3 .
J« Qj — ►
)
Whert p>risrn ¡S d is p la c e d by x
fr O m
Weíjht of- oil

6.ûitíDTÍ u m pos ¿han , t h e
d\Splccce,J
b/ / "
T
E o u ilib r iu m
= ^ <? ^ * = restorinj forcé ^positian
*1
mccss o f prism = m - f cbhk
E<ûcctior\ of motion:
Tn x + r e s t o r i n g ¿fo r cé , -o
J^Cbhh '*’ + fQ p a l* - — o
_ r & r
y ¿ l r a' U V -•iC
r i•'
Sin ce G9„ /5 indeên d e n t of c r o í* - s e c t io n o f the. prCrm,
remcuins sam e even f o r a/ circu.icLr wooden 'jbrtím.
T = i m ¿2 + i J0 é 2 = i m R2 + — m R2
2 2 0 2 2
since x = R 6 and J0 = — m R 2.
2
U = y k x x f + y k 2 x f = y (kj + k2) (R + a )2 O2
2 -6 7
where Xi = ( R + a) 9. Using —— (T -+■ U) — O, we obtain
Clu
( - m R2) 6 + (kx + k2) (R + a)2 9 — 0

2
Let x(t) be measured from static equilibrium position of mass. T = kinetic energy
@ of the system:
T = I
2
m ¿ 2 + i j 0 é2 = i
2 0 2
, Jo
m + - X
.2
X
since 9 — — = angular velocity of pulley. U = potential energy of the system:
u = k y2 = j k (16 x2)
since y = 0 (4 r) = 4 x = deflection of spring. (T -f* U) = 0 leads to:

dt
.. Jo ..
m x H— — x 4-16 k x = 0
r2
This gives the natural frequency:
16 k r5
=
V m r2 +
2 -6 8
A ssu rh e: No aA c
JU^ o f H e cyt i nde r .
¡V^ E^. ( £ 2 ^)^ fÍT€ Kinetic L

& K ^ uU * - g\ a jí
x
T - -L -f -L 3 -. _ ¿ _ ^ X .(*,+ _ _ ) x
/?* K
JL ' ^ o 2- 1
= -^m e £ _+ XI . *■ r 2. x . ^
t T 0 ~ -+ F J 0 ( ^ íT )
T & (cp,- ^ C h T o i^ ^ e /n J b h jj^ _, 1 7 , otu e fe ftre
c $ T cr^ c/^ tur ^ ^ ¿v^ - ^3-
17 = ■¿'¡c i1 CE - 0
X- x - _
= X * £ * £ b 4 }
2
T e ^ v J Z J rp y /^ O - c*. ^
o_jrf^r>Í~ •
T -f U — C ^ c o n S h t n .'fc ' C E 7 ^
^*-t_ 10
u s^ ^ í- C t'í ) ^ ( e 5^ e^. (e 7 1 , ^ ^
f , *\ • , *2-
l w + 'T I ) * ■+ 4 - 1 í 'X
' '■ 1 ¿ ^ - - c C.e O
P"2 ^Z5 ' ( j p £ ) 'j J ‘ r ' £ - k~'rr'-x- ^ -iv ^ S
<rr
M -H i ^ X. -l. je. X 'i ~ o (jE

V ^ )
S iV c e . ^ O í’3*^ *t ¿
/" 3" x fc.

Mnr\ - f .— • \ * i. ^ -je - o
V r / T <?-0
") [ u l y ^ S jL ^ -^ t A
w„ = / l í — J~ ' (¡O
m +
R%
Svv- C-C. Ce» m íwftjv-fe j¡=— ^
C^,/C^v^JLjl>i £ ^ -w \sfi~ e J C ^ U ^ R i <2_^
¿T r .1 m p .a ( § 12. )
E ^5 • ic') ^-Á Q~n ^ /(reo T m x
Ir> i -h 4¿ X. - o (E j
C ¿h = I 2 *
¿’ m
2 -7 0
U sírvj E<gs • ( t ^ ^ m -A (Eg), f ile
<25^- Ccuv\ /(re E-Xyb r e s se.cH
X ( W R 2+ J-) QZ + ± ^ p 2 gX _ c _
O lO
I > '^ e > u ^ t r c n r i cr| . ('e ^ ') y i í ^ ^ .( J r t¿
fcn e g í v 6¿
¿ ( m i ^ + O f z e ¿‘ - L u fi* ( e e é )
^ jí. % j- } é* -t* p*&J & - o ( e /7^ )
$iY\ce. q of r r y & JlJ- ^ ->
(^rn p + j ' ^ é - j - k P & — o ( k jS ^ )
2TL«_ yn ^ J ^ x J ^ sJ ^ V-í t-ra^felTv ^
% - C % x ¿ ^
\
± ± ! _____ c£ i P
2 _
Yn R -f- c?
^ - ^ i(') °~ ^ á ( f /? A ^CCírTr^
j j r c ^ , kc ^ ^ un5
&¿yS ' ( E i 0 ~) o— * ( g ¡ 8 ^) 7 ^
CEX ,£sw ~* ^ A ^ o ^ -e w > p <2^?
;n Eps- (E .,^ ^ [ B & i~ ) .

F o r joenduium ¿ 03^ = J %/g t'n Va,ccum — o* 5 H-z = 7T r a Á / s s c
l - % /ir2- - 9 'S l/ r r 2 = o. 934-0 rn

= ^1- Y 1 <n viS cou s m é d iu m = 0 . ^ 5 Hz _ 0 .9 tt r c u j/s e c
yz = = rrY^1') = 87F2.
? = 1-3694
Efiu&bían o§ rnokCon: vní 0 ■+■ c t ® ® = °
Cc * = 2 . ( Tn^ 1 ) * > « = 2 (í) ( b . m ^ O ) = 6 * 2 O *0
SYnce ^3* = _Ei — 1-3694, c, - &. 5 0 I 3 N -m -A ec./ra ,¿..

£ ct _____________________________________
From £g. ( 2 . 3 5 ) ,
t . t , ( „ ) »
T . / S ^ í £ . f „ . . 4 , »
( (Z'890+f + 4 T T
2 -7 3
( cu) I f da,mpir\£ is douLÍ&dj . n - 8 3 S8
5 «ew u* o o
ti i *V \ 27r THcm» z t t ( o >8358)
)= ~ — 7 ; r = 7 = = ? = ?‘ S¿5g
s* f ' ~ rn L v< - (o» 8 3 5 8 )
-í¿ — = 14 265 * 362
(t) 1/ damfínj :s W ved, y = 0. Zo9O
L ( £ - ' ) = - - 2- - ^ , *7r(o.aote) = „ 342í
V ^ vi 1 - X « 7 l- f o -z o s o ) 2'
— = 3-¿? 2. 96
* 4+ 1
x ( t ”) = X e ^ ° Snt ^ír1 t w h e re 09^ = >/1— £J,
For m á x im u m or mínimum x(-fc),
^ - = X e rCáfít ( - 7 05n Sin 09* t + ^ COS = o
Ai £ ^ -^¿r O :for ;fímite t ,
- T ^ 5ín Cdjpi + G9¿ eos- c ^ t - o
;.e. ta n Ü5¿t =
UsVn^ th e r e la b r e n
ta n C Jjt ± (< / l- V £/ t )
Sm OSjt = ± r = ~ = , = = j = ± J l- T 1
v 1+ ta.n 03. t 1 1
Uie ohtcLin
Sin c J j t = V i - y 1' , eos <J*t = T
CtnJ ________
Ct'n 09* t = - \ J ± - ' T i- > CoS = —T
J** - T 0 3 nt
s,n t - 1 y C3n 03| CoS 09jt - 65^ sin CSj^TJ
7 F = X e
U/hen sin 03* t - \/ i - Y X and eos 09* t - Y,
JSc
¿i*
sin 0 3 jt - \ j i — y** ccrresfjonJr to m áx im u m o£ *(t).

WKen Sin 03jt - — y i — Y * cund eos 03j -t - _ Y ,
2 -7 4
> O
Sin CiS}-t - — J i — T 1 Ccrrcsf*?nds fe? mínimum ©f •x(-fc') .
Erwelopin^ curves-
Lefe i t e cu rv e
jjc^Sin^ ihrou^t t t e
máximum (or minimum'j
Ôf'n-tí te
- T ^ t
x (0 = o e
For máximum ôvrrtSj Sin 1 f A - t Q
■ma*
and
- T 0 3 „ t mcLX _ TC3n t mtLX
c e = X € S"ín OSj ’t ync3,x
*• c = X
•*• y ^ ) = XL e -------
•i l o > • t- j. Sin ( — \/ *- “ T )
S im ila r Im fo t mínimum jx o .n t S ', x m ¡n ~ -------------------------------------—
and
^ ^n^mín - YJ —
— Unr -min
- X ¡S sin ^
I-e C = - X V i—
■■■ x . f t o = - x > /r r ^ ¿r7 ^
* ( * ) = [ x 0+ ( * „ + * . ) t ] e Wnt
(E i)
Por x 0 > O A gra-j-l. 9/ Eg.(Eí) S — -p>t
is stow n -for dtf^fereyvb x0 -
We a íx u m e á O- > o as it ir tte
only case ¿ta i îveS a mCLximum.
Fbr máximum of x(-fc),
dx - í d nt
<4”t
= e { - ( x 0 -f- í ^ n * < = ) « n t + *<, } =
t* = CEz)
2 -7 5
C — OSy.'b C * 2. 2. s „
¿p : = - e ¿ 2. x0 + ( j* X 0 - 05n ( x<j + G9n x t
( E ^ and (B s'J 9 ' ve
jS c = _ *
ÍJi " X 0 + 03 » * o - ^ Cô + ^ n x » ) }
dt*-
= -e ^ ^(¿,,+M o)) I* 65nX d + V * X 0 |

- - (e4 )
For XQ> O CL-nJ X 0 7* o J d*x [ <
dfcNtn,
htence tw ^íveri ^ Eg. ( E z) c o rr e s p o n d í -¿ó cu ma_xírwu.m o f x (t) .
* ! , _ . = íx0 + ( * o + ^r. *0 ) Xo-------------------------- 1 S

K W 1 <¿>-n ( X 0+ 63„ X«^) J
- ^c0 + iLi- ^ g f¿. + u „ x 0 ) — O s)
Eguaîon (2-92) can be exprcssej a»s g_ _L ^—

)
Fbr c^ c¿_, m = i- a^d A en ce g = 2 f yQ \
Xx
1
N ece^ sarj davnpíncj rair<b ^ ís 3-7942
Y _ S _ 3-79422
Jn — i-------- =-----------m — —-
^(27T)2 + \J 4irx -h 3 -7 9 4 2 ^
= o*5 i6S
(a)
T = J_ T o = o-3877, tke overíkoo-fc ca n ¿e Je t e r m eJ? b<j
fin d 'n ^ S fr o m E g . ( ”2 - g £ ) :
2 TT 7 27T ( o - 3 S 7 7 )
S = 7= = = r = , -J T = 2-6427 = 2
V 1” T v/i - o - 3 8 7 7 2 '
M tt) = '■3Z'35 z.
xt = ^ y / ’e " 5 2 ' 35 = 0-26 G 77S xa
O verskooi is Z S •¿ 7 7 5 ^
(t) ^ ? ,
1/ T = ^ T0 = 0 - 6 4 6 1 , S ¡r btj
5-= ^ = 5 . 3I59 = 2 &.

J l- / / - ( b - é ^ í O 2,
2 -7 6
•Xo _
= 14-2.886 y-_i_ — o* o '"i o o o
2.
z
o v e r sKoot = 7 /0
(i) (a) Viscous damping, (b) Coulomb damping.
(iii) (a) = 0.2 sec, = 5 Hz, = 31.416 rad/sec.

(b) Tn = 0.2 sec, fn = 5 Hz, 04 = 31.416 rad/sec.
(ii) ( a ) -^ = e < ^
xi+l
ln = ln 2 = 0.6931 =
. xi+i . v W
or 39.9590 f = 0.4804 or £ = 0.1096
Since Wd = 0Jn V i - s * , we fiad

31.416
= - = 31.6065 rad/sec
V i - d V 0.98798
500
k = m ojn = (31.6065)2 = 5.0916 ( 1 0 4) N /m
9.81
Cc
Henee c = 2 m w n ^ = 2 (-55!L) (31.6065) (0.1096) = 353.1164 N - s /m
9«8X
(b) From Eq. (2.135):
500
k = m cj2 = (31.416)2 = 5.0304 ( 10 4) N /m
9.81
Using N = W = 500 N,
= 0.002 k _ (0.002) (5.0304 (104)) = Q

4W 4 (500)
(a ) Cc = 2 k rn - 2 >J SOOO x SO - IOOO N -V T
(t) C- Cc/ 2 - SOO N - ¿ A »
Ji-CtY -- JW / h ?
= 8*6603 ro J/se c
500
CO Froni S= ^ 6603 V 2 * 50
^4
= 3- 6 2 7 6
m = 2000 , V = x:0 - 10 rn / sec 4: = 4 . 0 , 0 0 0 /V/-■m

C = 2 0 , OOO M-sec^/,
2 -7 7
1
Cj Sn 1 4-0 0 0 0 '
- = 4 - 4 - 7 2 1 rad/ sec
w - y 2000
- lA m ' = 258 2.55’ . 22 i Ni - S e c / m
T == = O*75 o £
= <^n v /7 - T 1 = 4 -4 - 7 2 / y¡7^.- ( o . 1 9 OG) — 2*73^4 ra.A /sec
= zyo sj = 2*2 9 45 sec
(a ,) For x c = 0 and ¿o = lo m / s e c , Eft

• C 2 *7 2 ) g(\/es
•
= t S fn 09^ \/ 1 -
/4*fc Xw 01 1
a x - -y a n Jy S m ■/1
— 0- 7 Í 0 6 (rrA )
- e 1-054?
TTIO-X
( 2 . 7 3 ^ 4 ^ ) •(i) =
sec
200 obeles/wín = 20*94-4 rad/sec , (¿¿ = 180 cydes/rriin = IS-2436 ^
r - - / 1- ( ^ g i ) a'=0.+« 9
- Ct _ Ct
(COcr; 2 ¿T0 09n
C t = 2 J0 a sn 'S '- 2 ( o .2 ) ( 2 0 *9 ^ ^ ) ( P ’ ^ 3 5 9 )
= 3*65 Iff N -m -j/rcLcí

£ fi.(2 '7 2 ) a x n te u sed t o o tta .in Q (t) fb r ©0 = o , ©Q = 2 ° =• o * o 3 4 3 i
ra-d and -fc = = c*33 3 3 sec ,
êL
9(t) = 90 [cM CJjt + Sin M j t j-
_ (o .4 .3 5 9 )(2 0 .9 i¡.4 )(o .m j) ( e .o 3 4 . 9 t ) ^ co s |g. 849 ¿ < 0 -3 33 3
0 _ 4359 X 2 0 - 9 4 4 s,n l í . í + 9 e x o . 3 „ 3 V
18-8496 J
- o.oolées raJ = 0 - 0 9 ^ 4 1 ° ___________________________________________ _
Assume that the bicycle and the boy fall as a rigid body by 5 cmat point A . Thus
the mass (m ^) will be subjected to an initial do-wn-ward displacement of 5 cm (t =
0 assumed at point A):
Xo = 0.05 m, ¿o = 0
k*i _ \ / (50Q0Q) (9*81I = 24.7614 rad/sec
V V 800
2 -7 8
800
cr = 2 m ul =2 (24.7614) = 4038.5566 N - s /m
9.81
iboo.o'
= 0.2476 (underdamping)
Ce 4038.5566
0Jd = *V l — = 24.7614 V T - 0.24762 = 23.9905 rad/sec
Response of the system:
x(t) = X e 1 Wn b sin (cjd t 4- <¡>)

j_
2
Xo + f CJn Xo
where X = Xq +
(0.2476) (24.7614) (0.05)

(0.05)2 + = 0.051607 m
23.9905
xo 0.05 (23.9905)
and (f) = tan - l = tan - i = 75.6645c
Xo + f 0Jn Xo 0.2476 (24.7614) (0.05)
Thus the displacement of the boy (positive down-ward) in vertical direction is given
by
x(t) = 0.051607 e“ 8 1309 ‘ sin (23.8905 t + 75.6645°) m
Reduction in amplitude of viscously damped free vibration in one eyele = 0.5 in.
Í L = M . = 1.0909; ln — = 0.08701 = — ?L L L =
x2 5.5 x2 V i - r 2
i.e., 0.007571 (1 - f ) = 39.478602 <? or £ = 0.013847
= 0-2 Sec = = 3 i - 4-<6 ra-d/jee
From Eg. ( 2 . 9 2 ) S= JL 10 - 0-04605

Y --------- g O- 0 46 C9
= 0*007329
^(27r)Z +- 6 Z
>/ (27T )* + o o 4 é O S 2
when d e ump r n^ is rveg í e c t e d ,
2.TT
03^ - = 3 1 - 4 1 7 r a d / s e c > ~ 0 - 1 9 9 9 3 Sec
Pro p or tion a -l dec. r e a . s e ,n p e r . c d - ( °*2 ^19933 ^ __ Q. o o o o 5
For Críhi'ccL.LLy dcLrnpec) System y . /2<80^) gii/eS
* (-fc) = { * <, + ( ¿ o + «O 1) t J e <J" t (e «)
¿ft) = e ^ nt { ¿o - - üSn *„-fc j-
2 -7 9
L efc — 'time a i U/hich cun^ X = o occur,
Here. x 0 -o and x e =■ ¡ftibia+l re co ii v e lo c ié y . gy sei-btny
% (*fc) —o ■
> CEz ) 9 ‘V e s
é- * - 7 w ^
+ 65n---------
X 0) - - ^ T -
^ x0 »
W tH Ef, - CE 0 Í°T a n cf %0 = O , (e ,^ ) giV es-

0 I CL^y, "t W, • ““ i
X ma.x = X0 6 — x o e
i-e. i Q = G9n e = G5n ( 0 .$) ( z - 7 f * 3) (> * )
US.Yuj X c = ÍO m / s e c , I « /^ ;* 2 .7 I Í !) = 7.357í ^
U //ien m a-ss ^ urí <5 SOO "fe%

s i ijlfn e ss o f ih e S p rin j <S
2
■k = CO^ m - ( 7 , 3 575 ) ( 500) = 2 7 , 06^.403 Ní/>n
4c = 5 0 0 0 f\//m , Cc = 0 .2 N - s/nm = 2 0 0 ^ - ¿/ m
= z V'■
#<f” = 2. \¡5 O 00 171
Vn =. Z *•£.
CJ„ = ,/í/^ r = v /s o o o /a = sro r a . d / sec
: = S= .- * £ I — = z .0
‘ e” ^ ” cc ° 3033 c =• O- 3 0 3 3 ( o . O = 0O-S6 N -s / m
ArSUm ínJ X0 = O a-nof 7*-0 - i. 'm / j ,
W -M ¿ j------
x <v; =e -------- — sfn \| 1- y
/< - T Z ^
F°r , ü>n t » V 2 o -"J sf" ' J ' - r « r* « i
~ — o»30 33 f ^ / z ) i
" \ ftx - e f " - : •• =r ^ = <7-01303 m
5-0 \/i - 0# 3o33
For cLn o v e rd cu n p e d s^stem , £ g .^ 2 * 8 l) 9'¡v e s

2 -m J X ( t ) = e~ y c 3 n t (C , e CJj't + <7, e_ £ J j t ) (E|)
Ustog U e r e U t* ».9 £ ± x = C0JÍ) x ± sfnk ^ (e2)

£g»Cî) cclyl be r e w r ¿ t í : e - n cus
x(¿)= g ' * 03" * O JJÍ 6 5 |t + C 4 S.nln ¿ J j t ) ( e 3}
2 -8 0
wKere C3 = C] + C2 o-nd = C1, — Cz-
^ ífe r e n tífiL -tín j ( e 3) ,
X f-t) = e C C3 ^ s ín h C ú j-t + C¿f 03{ Cos/i J

vp ^
— 7 6 9 * fi £ C3 dorA 6 9 ¿ t + rfnA J ( ^ 4)
Im ilíc il cor\Aiíi'cnS x (i- o ^ = X 0 o ^ í x ( £ = o ') - ¿ 0 WÍ-¿A ( ¿ 3)

<5Lncí ^ E ¿^ gív/e
C3 — x o , C4 = ( X o + T ^ n X °)/ o 9 cl Ce O
T bus ( ¿ 3) b&comes
X. f-6) — X 0 e ^ ^ (£ c o s/ -)- 2L5£r yfnA C¿¡jt )

- r o s ni “ d
(% )
0 \) w/ien ¿ 0 =o, • (E¿) îves

7^n
*-(£) = XQ n (" Casb CJjt + rmA 09^ "ír^ C£ 7)
09,
Since e T ^ n 't coS^ ^ , T^V ^ nc| s-mK gj?,-6 cfo no'é
d 03, *
c k c u a je s ;3 n ( a iw a A jS p o s i- t ír e ) a r U g" T ^ t r o a , J , es
¿ero wiW, íncreasfnj t ; x (t) wiU no¿ c W je s.gn.
(ii) wAen x0 = o > Eg,(E¿-) 3 ,Ves
x(t) = .*£_ “ ^^nt r,vA o*.* (* e )

Cúj d
Here c zí^ , 09^ 3 n o/r-d. sin A 09¿i ck n o t cAo-nê SÍ3 n
( oI u jo -sj jo o S í- tiv e ) ¿ lv tJ Q ^ p rcx ch e s z e ro u/¿-AA
ihcreayinj ¿ , xffc) vjíLL r\ot cbcunje. sVgn •

____________________
Newton’s second law of motion: rn X
© 2 F = mx = —k x —c x + F f
2 M = J0 3 = - Ff R
(1)
(2)
-* ■ x , X
•
, X
••
C X
where Ff = friction forcé.
Using J0 = — - — and 5 = -^-, Eq. (2) gives

¿ R
1
— mx (3)
F' — r é - M f - 2
Substituí ion of Eq. (3) into (1 ) yields:
2-81
— mx + c x + k x = 0 (4)
2
2k
The undamped natural frequency is: 04 = (5)
3m
Newton’s second law of motion: (measuring x from static equilibrium position of
© cylinder)
J F = m x = - k x - c x - k x + F f (1)
S M = J0 i? = - F f R (2)
1 ** X
where Ff = friction forcé. Using J0 = — m R 2 and 6 = — , Eq. (2) gives
Ff = - - m x (3)
Substitution of Eq. (3) into (1) gives
— m x+c x + 2k x =0 (4)
2
Undamped natural frequency of the system:
4k
Y* (4)
3m
\ m V-
..
Consider a small angular displacement of the bar 0 about its static equilibrium
position. Newton’s second law gives:
3e 3e
2 M = J0 9 = - k 9 -3 k
i.e., J0 6 + 6 .
lo 4
2 -8 2
y
where J0 = —— m . Tlie undamped natural frequency o f torsional vibration is
48
given by:
OJr =
V 3 k^
4 Jn
36 k
7m
Let 8x = virtual displacement given to cylinder. Virtual w ork done by various
© forces:
Inertia forces: 8W ¡ = — (J0 6) (86) — (m x) 6x = — (J0 6) ( — ) — (m x) &

Spring forcé: <5W3 = - ( k x ) & R
Damping forcé: 8W¿ = — (c x) 5x
B y setting the sum o f virtual works equal to zero, we obtain:
Jo_ x
—m x —k x —c x = 0 or — m x + cx + k x = 0
R R 2
Let ¿x = virtual displlacement given to cyllinderfrom itsstatic equillibrium

position. Virtualll works done b y various forces:
Inertia forces: 5W¡ = — (J0 9) 86 — (m x) 86 = — (J0 (-^ -) —(m x) <5x

tí R
Spring forcé: 8WS = — (kx)<5x — (k x )5 x = — 2kx<5x
Damping forcé: <5W¿ = — (c x) <§x

By setting the sum o f virtual works equal to zero, we find
Jo X ••
------------------m x — 2 k x — c x = 0 (i)
R R
Using J0 = — m R 2, Eq. (1) can be rewritten as

2
3
— mx4-cx + 2kx = 0 (2)
2
See figure given in the solution o f Problem 2.114. Let 86 be virtuall angular
0 displacement given to the bar about its static equilibrium position. Virtual works
done by various forces:
Inertia forcé: 8W\ = — (J0 6) 86
Spring forces:
Í W . - - (k 8 Z f ) ( H - se) - (3 k e L ) [ L s&) - - - k <?2 e 86

4
• £ i
Damping forcé: 8W¿ — — (c 6 — ) ( — 86)
4 4
By setting the sum o f virtual works equal to zero, we get the equation o f motion
as:
j„ i? + c ~ e + ik <r2 0 = 0
16 4
2 -8 3
See sohition of Problem2.93. When wooden prism is given a displacement x,
eqnation of motion becomes: m x + restoring forcé = 0
where m = mass of prism = 40 kg and restoring forcé = weight of fluid displaced
= p0 g a b x = p0 (9.81) (0.4) (0.6) x = 2.3544 pQ x where pQ 13 t h e density of the
fluid. Thus the equation of motion becomes:
40 x + 2.3544 p0 x = 0
Natural frequency = 0Jn =

2 7T
V m #
Since 7\, = ------- = 0.5, we find

2.3544 Pq
40
u*
Henee pQ = 2682.8816 kg/m 3.

2 7r
= —
0.5
= 4 7T =
A
VV/ 2.3544 p0
40
Let x = displacement of mass and P = tensión in rope on the left of mass.

Equations of motion:
J ] F = m x = — k x — P or P = —m x - k x (1)
£M = J0 ‘¿ = P r 2 - c ( ¿ n ) (2)
Using Eq. (1) in (2), we obtain
— (m x -f k x) r2 — c 9 rx = J0 9 (3)
With x = 9 r2, Eq. (3) can be written as:
(J0 + m r2) 9 + c Ti 9 + k T ¡ 6 — 0 (4)
For given data, Eq. (4) becomes
[5 + 10 (0.25)2] 9 + c (0.1) 9 + k (0.25)2 9 = 0
or 5.625 9 + 0.1 c 9 + 0.0625 k 9 = 0 (5)
Since amplitude is reduced by 80% in 10 eyeles,
X1 _ U 0_ = 5 _ e 10 ? wn rd
xu 0.2
ln — = ln 5 = 1.6094 = 10 f w* r d (6)
xll
Since thenatural frequency (assumed to beundamped torsional vibration
frequency) is 5 Hz, oju = 2 7T(5) = 31.416 rad/sec. Also
r, _ — — 2 ^ — 2 7r _ 0.2 /(y^
Ti fd “d 04 V i V i-f* 7
Eq. (6) gives
2 -8 4
0.2 62.832 £
-^•vz/av.— \ 1.6094 = 10 £ (31.416)
V w * v
\ - e
62.832 ^ = 39 .0406 f
i.e., V i - ^ =
1.6094
i.e., £ = 0.02561
Thus we obtain:
V
O.Of
0.0625 k
CJr = 31.416 or k = 8.8827 (10 4) N /m
5.
5.625
0.10 c
£ = 0.02561 = — =
cc
’c 2 m^ 2 (5.625) (31.416)
or c = 90.5134 N —s /m
Torgue = z x io 3 N -w»
CL'ngte = 5 0 ° - 2O éivisions
F o r cu -borstoncuL s i/ s f e m , Eg.(Z*S4) d '^ e s
0 I ' T^n^
fE .)
02 " e
( t ) For orne cycte „ ^ z sec o jaJ f E0 9‘ves
So ^ T 63n
T05n = (< « ) = |. 3 Í 6 3 (£ z )
•y = e or
¿ tt _
S in ce
r<1 = v - T z W„¿ ’
f , 2- f 217) 2 , +- I-3 S 6 3 1 =11-7115

G?„ - — + T Lcfn - 4
Q Te
¿•e., G9n = 3*^339 r a A /s e c V 3'
S in ce c u m u la r cti’i; p I c c c e m e n t of r o ío r u n c Je r o^êct torû-e
- 5 0° - O• 8 7 2 7 r o ,c | ,
4c ^ = t b r g u e / ' clnyu.la.r d i = 2x,° /0-S727
= 2*29(7 x( ( T3 t4 -*n / rcu ¿ Ê¿*)
(a*') momen-t o f ín e rK a - of rcto r ts

_ 2* 29 ( 7 x /(T 3/ 11* 7 9 ( 5 = 1^9 436 x i o N -m -s (Ey)
1Z X
Cc) ct =
E ^ s-(E z) (E s) g .V e 7 = 1 _ 2 = ± i l£ l = o -^037
Eg - ( E« ) 9 'VeS c 5 .ÍS J 7 «io- ’ N -™ -J / r= J -
2 -8 5
(co) m - lo Ko (fe) Y71= IO Kcj (C } m - 10
© C = ,5e
ie -
N -s /m
100 O N / m
c ~ 2 0 0 N 'S /p ,
- (ooo n/ ^
C - 25o
1<- lo o o N/m
- lo rcj-¿)/s -- IO rCL-<L/ y
o
y= Z m £*5n T =
2m
ECO 2 5 0
= f■O - I .2 5
2 (to) (lo) 2 (/o) 2 (to) O » )
- CJ„ vfi - T 2 « ,= fo oo ^ = n o t OL-'p^ 'l í c c b k l z
= lo yjl - O-7 5 2 = o ( o v € r - d a.m |oec/^)
= 6 •6 í 4 3 8 roJ/s (^C r ¡ Ir i c a- L ly - da mjoed)

(unoler- d a -w p e d )
0 0 Un.derda.yr.ped Sj stem : R e sport s e : Eg,. (2 * 7 o )
x fl « K 2 -v y 05 n * 0 X 2 1^2
C *-0
USmg y<5 ~ o - I , - ( o , T := o . 7 5 , Cd?p - lo J = 6- 6 14 3 8,
Eg. Ce- 1) gives x = , . é2?32 w .

- J
5* = t,CLnn — x p ^ y o5»n x c \
^ ** '
- i _ 10 ■+ 0.75 ( . Q ( 0 . 0 \ = _ ^ 90g°
\ 6 ' £ I 4 3 g (o •| /
' - - l ■S o 9 S 5 ra-cf
E g . ( 2 . 7 o ') g .v e s ; _ 7 s f
* (t) r (• 6 2 S 3 2 e C i3 s(é .^ | 2 /3 S Í + 1-5 0 5 3 5 ) m
(fe) C ri t»* cctUy davrjpecf s ^ s ¿ e>ri : Re sport se : E^. (2» So )

_ 05 f
x ( f c ) = |?<0 i - ( i fl -f- C^n |
<s "
2 -8 6
= [o*i -+ ( \o f- [ o *- o •t} t J e
f 4~ \ — I C "t
- [ o • I -+ í I fc ) g nn
( O o v e r do-vn p e d s y s t e m '. i ? < s s f o n s e •.
\j "5 2 ^ - \/ I ■ 2 5 — / r o -75 , Ia / € o b f * -ín
C| ' ye / f + \/^ - 1 ' } + *0 EF/. ( 2 - S z )
z « „ x! t z - 1
o.| f i o ) í 1-25 + » ' T 5 }■ 4- (O

- ----------- i — ,g
2 ( lo ) ( o - l S ' )
- CiS„ { ■J - f P ^ T l - * . .
C2 - ¿---------- £? . ( 2 ' S Z )
2 /7^7
-0.1 (lo) f|-25 — o * 1 5 J — (O
----------------------------------------------------------- rr - 0 * 7
2 (/o) (c . l 5 )
E f. ( 2 . 8 0 9'V C ! ^
*(t) = C, e M + c 2 e
( - ( • e s + 0 - 7 5*Vi6) t ( - í *2 5 - <3*7 5 ) 0 * ) i
s 0> S <2 — O •7 - 0
- 5i - 20 ir
- o •8 6 - o»7 e ^
£neipJJ Ji SS i jaaJrêA m a/ cy c /e o£ mc>T i'or? ,
© * (-t) =
A W = 7T c G3j X 2
X Sí>o Gfj-k j is J «Ven by
(fe* O
c o w „ . j s = t ü i r = «, , . j /s
\l
T = _i - _ 5o
2 wiGS* 2 ( , < 0 ( íc, ^ °* 2
(j3¿ =■ \/í - V* - io >/t - o-25 = 68 2HS8 r a .J / s
Fov X - o-2 w , Eg. (E*I g /v e s
2 -8 7
AW - 7T (5c?) ( s . g g2^/ 58) (o.22 ) = £o - 8 3 6 8 2 . Jb u l e s
(k) G* w = = ,0 r a j/s
c lío
r = = £3.75
2 ( ' O ) (lo ')
„ ./1- y 2 = /O /i - £> '-7 5 a = é . é i ¿f 3 7 s r s J /s
For X - o •2 rn ) £g. ( E • O 9 »ves
A W = TT ( 1 5 0 C^-é,^37 ? ) (o.2a ) = 1 2 4 . 6 7 * 3 * 5 ¿Tou/es
2 -8 8
E ^ yu t-éxfccm Q- f tnotron;
3
\ o o 7t -4 50o i •+ l o o o o x H- 4 ^^ 3C =■ O
i-7) rfcJjc € j^ jjC c J L h ^ L u ™ j a ú S i ' i l ' o r * ¡ S J t ' v e n ty tc - 'X.

/o Éfíai" 5 JVy "Hve rtor» I i’ n ecL r *
t o OOCI *0 +- 4 0 0 TCC _ ^ = (00 =38 I
The \[aXuJL *0 ¿6 g ív e n b y ffce. r o c f o"£
4*00 ;x -f lOooc? - 3 £ I - O
(P-oo+'S f r o m p O flT L A B :
x 0- o*o7SI ¿ offcer roof's : - o * o ¿ f ? 0 ± 5- ooo^ ^
(*0 L i V u - CíPvv^ ~ J*" aJw rsJr (£2.
/^ e £ T c cm a j & 0 -z: O ' O ' ) 8 I T*~» i& ;
?
* («■) = 4 C Ú X -f l o o 6 0 X
A* -
K = -------- I - 1200 x . 2 -I- ( 0 0 0 0
* * "« " ¿* * * X
o
z
=. (2 0 0 ( o - O ? ? l) + 10 0 0 0
— 10 0 1 1 * 5 4 8 3 N/m
L.'n eo-rf-zejct ejô^Jxcrn o'jj m o f i ’Om:
,0 0 X 4 500 ¿ -V 10 0 I I • 5 ¿f S 3 * = O
CO |\JaXüjTrO~¿ V ib ra fe m Á m a JU
(i9 „ /lO OH‘ 54 í ^ \ 2 g /

V ^ y = IC 0 0 5 S r a J/ ,
2 -8 9
(a,) Sfco Jc t*c íli'tn'um -|>0 Sí t i'on ís Jiv e n by
?uc f> -Hra.t
3
- H Oo ^ + IOOOO = Tnj - ÍOO ( 9 '2 l ) - '
°r 3
- ¡i o o x e f 1 0 0 0 0 x fl - 9 g | - o (O
RoeH o$ Eg • CO o J vl : ( f ro m fYl A T L A & ^)
- O* o9S \ ; offcer : /f-95 o Z ; - 5 - 0 ^ 3
0=0 (JSm^ {"fce j?0 $ ífis/e rc/ot s f E ^ >( O
cu b ke &btoJ't'c egû. (i* tri urr. p o Sib io V j o - o ^ P i m,
tfre ICní^nêJ O m Ü ra s Jr o Js c r v Jr X c <y

3
'k ('Z ')- — ¿i ó Q x -f ( O QOO 'X-
■2
4c — d “te
- — | £ O 0 -f- (OOOO
Q
- 9 9 8 8 -4-517 N / 7
L ;r ¡e o ~ r í-z .e Á sj^
j j ^ oSú c ^ o£ rno+Von :
loo % i- s o s -*■ -+• 9 3 8 8 - 4517 X -O (2 )
CO N a fu r tc J fr e ^ L ^ c y 0£ v,‘ Ura,-hbr> fo r Jh ru x M
&S' Í , = V. íáó / = 9 ' 9 9 4 2 r ^ i / ^
2 -9 0
EtÛGubCori m otion :
tíe O + C^ 6 -f- k ^0 — o
w íH J0 = 2.5 Kg - mz o^vací k¿= l o o N - m / rc c á .
For cr j ' t i'caA c W w p í n j j £2 ' ( 0 5 ) ^.'ves*
C ~ 2* \[ô~kt = 2 \) 2 5 (too)
- {00 M- m - S / r a ^J
2 -9 1
(0)
(¿O 2>i+8¿+/'é-2í- = o
yt> ~ 2. ^ c — 8 j 'k - \G
*■ CO - o , £ fo) r I
Cc - 2 \Jk m' = 2 / l 6 ( O = 11-3 I ? 7
Si‘ nc€ CC S^sfem i“s u n d e r d a m p e j .

7 - — - S
C ~ — = o ' 707 I
c / f - 3 *3 7
= x /-V - 2 -3 28 ^ ro - l f ¿
Â - ^9-0 (i~ ~ V ^ = 2 ■2 2 8 lj \ [l - o •7C'71¿ ' = 2 - 0 raJ
Eg. ( 2 - 7 2 ' ) <J\V€S tfie SôlutTon*.
N - T r , “r ^ n x 0
-X ( i ) = (O J 2t^ CO s ^ r -f s- ir» 09^ -fc
- o - 707! 0 * 3 z s ¿ 0 t f
= e ? Io+ ~ 2t I
_ 21
- '
2 f
* S í n 2 f c
(k) 3 12 i -f- <7 — C>

- 3, c r 12 3 fc - 9
*x ( 0 = C ^ ^ (o") =. 1
Cc = 2 v/k'm =. 2 v/ 3 Co - 10 • 3 9 2 3
ím ce C > Cc , systcrn is o ve rd ¿umpé, el .
t *
r - ,/ X T ' -- |-73 2 o
Vm V 3
Solufron ,*s give-n bj £g . ( 2 . S i ' ) :
( y -f y ¡ ' 5 z ~ ¡ ) + x
C,= Jl í L
2 09„ / s * ^ T
2-92
---------------------- ~ o *5
2 ( l - 7 3 z o ) /(í - I 5 i» 7 2 - I ")
_ x e 65n _ /7 7 I 7 ) _ ¿ o
— _ “ - OO
I— ~ A 2.
2 v fc *- I
Solutíon is: _____ ^

C" T + 'JVZ- I ) <^>n ¿
'x (t) = c f e
( - f - v p r ? ) u „t
+ C2 e
_ _ i - 3 fc
- o*5g — o ' 5 £
s í vi ce / “ ¿
(_ T ± v / P _ / ) = - |. |S<í7 ± 7 l - 1 « í , 7 - )
= _ (-1547 i o •5 7 7 ^
= _ 1-73 2 i - 0 - 5 7 7 4
■> a x + 8 x + s x = o
m = 2. , C = 8 , -f< = S ; X c’e ) r- o , Í C ° ) ' 1
* = ^ = C/ ( 2 ¿1c m ' ) - 8 / ^ a v /J T o ) = 1
System ís c r i’ t i 'c o J i ^ A c L ^ n jD e .d .
“n= \fí =\/l = 2 r<~V^

>0 1 ut i or » i's g ív e n by . ( 2 * S’ o ' ) :
y- . ^ __ GÍ n t"
* C O - 1 ^ 0 + ( i 0 t W n ^ ) i } &
= : { o - + C « + ° ' ) ' t } e ~ 2 ^
=: í e
2 -9 3
(a.) I j( + í » + lí * s o • rr i - 2j C ~ 8 j ' k = l ¿
K C°~) ~ I; 0< Cc ) - O
Cc - 2 nÍFÍT - 2- vfiéTo' - M•3 1? 7

S Cuc e C < Cc j
^ r - O . 7o7l ^ _ 2 /^ 2 ^
09^ - 2-o
= s f ^ T ^
S o lw h 'o m is s i ve vn by E ¡ . ( j ' 1 í ) '
— VC 5 t r ** o ‘S*
x(t)= e " / *«> +----- ^ — ¿3-------
«.767. f z . g a í O fc| ^ 2 t
+ °7071 0 - 8 2 9 9 ) (O 5 in 2 t j
— (O" Zh f c ^ z2 ix f- 2+
(¡O 3 x + I 2 Í - / - 1 * ~ ° ) m ~ 1 > C - \2. y 4< ■= y
O* ( o ) - \, ¿ f e ) = o
Cc ' 2 ^ K ™ - 2 / 7 7 o - / O • 3 <9 2 1
ít n ce t > Cc. ^ +& c r ^ r e ^ J L o -r r ^ ^ J l. ,
^ “ 7~ ~ — -----' = I • 15 * 7
c / í ' 3 ? 2 .3
c* „-- rr
m
= O - 1 .732o
N Í T ^ = / l •| 5 /' —0 * 5 773
2 -9 4
q _ C -I- \ Z t 2- T ) i (1 - 7 3 2 .0 ( I ‘ l5< f7+ 0 .5 T 7 3 )
2. a 9 „ \ f^ T T 7 2 f l - 7 3 2.o)('o-5’ 7 7 3 >
= 1-5
_ X e CxS 0 (v - )
c2 =
2 0S„
_ i ( l - 7 3 2 o ) ( l-l 5 4 7 - o • 5 7 3 )
— ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _ — c ,5
a ( i-7 3 2o ) (o- s i *7 O
S o Iu f ío n t S :
/J.N f - T -f \ Í 7 2 - T ) C - ^ - > lV 2 ~ T ) « n t
* ( * ) = 1-5 € ^ ' - o-5 e
-0-5774 0-732) t - / - 7 3 a fl- 7 3 2 ) t

= i -5 e _ o .5 e
— t —3 t
= i -5 e - o-s e
(.C) a-x + 8 i t S X r o j r n ; 2 ¡ C - S 1< - S
7 ( o ) : I, x (o )^ O
Cc _ a 4-ií ™ ^ 2 v J T T o z: 8
Sm ce C- Cc 7 S y S t e m ‘ S C fi t i ‘ccJ-2j- dcLtr, jo&á.

|
X * — = i - - 1
Cc T ' '
W n= \ Í5 s J y = *
Solu 4 -i'on ís g ivevn by

— 69h t
7C ( t ■) = ( -X0 + ( ¿ 0 + x o )^ j <s
} 2. ~
= {1 + (o + 2 « i ) t / e
- 2 t
- ( ( +• i t ) e
2 -9 5
(P-) ¿ ¿ -t S ¿ + lé X - o
2., c ~ Sj ic= «o *- C O - 1 ? ¿ (o) - ~ i
C-c ~ Z \¡ -k rrC = 2. \J i & ( 2-y* = 11*3137
S tn ce C C c c a S yst& m ¡S' u . n c f € r d ¿ t m p e d .
-£ = —
c _ss -----------
5 = O.7 0 7 I
c 11*3137
G 3„s f T « fú
■m = \j " a = 2'S 2|¿f
Ü5^ , =
= V
vJJ
I -¡T ~ ^ 2 = 2 -0
Eg. (2*72) gíves H e S o l u i toY* cx-s
* íO =■ e ^ 1 ^ x Q eos 4- S i‘ r> 65
*}
_ Oj *7ó 7 0 (2< 2 2 8 4 ) * I ” CoS 03^
- I + 0 - 7 0 7 1 ( 2.. 8 2 3 * 0 ( 0 ,
: - £ ln CSj^ t
2
— 2 fc
(coS zt + ¿Sin 2 Í)
0 0
X -+ I 2- ¿ + ^2L=Lb m
¿ 0 ) = -
cc - Z - 2 TTc^y - í •i*?6 O - (5
S iv^ce C > Cc ^ ^
l 2-
ío - ^ 2 3
2 -9 6
■1547 — J — ^ , j 7 7 3
y + \|T - i - 1-732
T - Z r ^ - y ^ = 0 . 5 7 7 y
c __ ( O 69* ( 1- 732) _ I a
2 65n ( o ■S ' l ' l ' i ' ) 2
_ (, -) g ? n ( o ■ S n 7 O + i _ _| + i ^ _
2 OS n ( o - 5 7 7 3 } 2
fior\ ^''■9£'v' ^ 2 - 8 f) ■’
,,. f - s - + J r T Z 7 ' ) ^ n tr C -T -/7 v T )« „ t

*CO= c, e + c? e
- o ■ 5 7 7 l( 0 * 7 3 O t ,
~ <2 = e
(c } a i '^ - s i + g x - o j , w : 2 j c r . 2 ^ ^ - 5
ge ( V ) - i, 4 (" O - - ;
c
7 r c
C 2< c X - t O ■
(+Cv.t*-
2 -9 7
S <sU ra« ^ (Fg. ( 2 - ? 0 '
/" ' •'v 1 ri
f
~ r1 + r - 1 -+ 2 oO e
2 -9 8
F r e ^ u e n c ij ín c U r = \z o c j j d z s / r r in - l2 - ° (z tt) = i f 7 T r a A j^
(3 O
F re ^ -e n ty «V» r |c>0 c g d e j/ ^ ;^ - 1 0 .1 . (2 .7 T )
6^d>
= 3- 3 33 3 rr r o J l/ j
f i SSUr Ki mj d am ^ln j fe¿ e n eglú jiU e ,*^ ol.iV ^ We Fccve
= I5 7 ? • 91 N /m
^ dcL\rijD'-iva^ r ¿2-1"¡ O m j.i^ U Í ^ i f , ¿J-A'v-Ô ^Û yyr^ru^
U/YVJS^^cla^-n-^ja^n-^ , ^ s€ feíXAT^
f 2 1
^ - tt - c¿>n \l I - V
°r l - T a = /H Ü 2 2 J I \ - 0
V 4 7T '
or f = ( í - O 'é S ^ ) '5 = 0 . 5 5 Z S
C 2 m 09„
C
r o- S 52S =
2 C i O <?f ^
= O ' 5 5 2 8 ( 8 0 T T ' ) - 1 2 8 - 1 3 ^ / N - ® /r n
2 -9 9
(ím)
CO -4 ¿ ¿ -f
T» = I , C - 2 -, * = 8 ; ce = 2 'IÍT pt' - 2. v f T c O = 6"
M c < cc j 5ijS*kern ís u n d e r d o-m êcí, /
■S= t = T = * ' 3 ^ 3
n
\
* =.IT =?
m V i
T ? = e > . 3 ¿1 z S ; c-Sj = ^ 'T i-T *' = 2 - 2 Z S 9
Solufior» iS ^ ív e ^ i b y Eg . ( 2 * 7 0 ^ ) ;
* = X- 6 3 3 33 ( O i ^
- t
" X e ( 2.3234 - t - ^ )
"X. c u r d ^ c ^ e .p e r iJ <xn ffxe . m i f i o - A G7r>-^-<^*^n ^ y 0^
^ ív e rí by E^s- (2'7 3^ ) o ^ A Q . - l S ' ) ¿ % e S jb e c f/v e .
S in ce tfc-e reSôm SC ( crr Solu+Vor») a£ € ^
we 03JT» O f V "tfce C j t y crfc ifce tim e ConSfa-rvV ('fc')
th e n e g a J riv e m verse o f tfce exja ^ r\ etn tla A p o jñ t.
H enee TKe t iV n e c o - n s f ¿ x n b Tr Z* = 1.
0^0 x -+ g u -f. ^ - o y ^ - ^
Cc = 2 f'fc rn - 2 /T C O ^ =- £ ? ^ ~ ^
"r - — ~i- — i. ? ? ^3 ; <£x
2 - 1 0 0
- - > - - 2 . 2 (5 2 -
— 1 + /T2 - 1 = - o - i j í / y
£¿/ 1uli. ¡?n g-t \4£v- ^ . ^ 2 -Si / ^
/■ / -v _ _ o ■95 <V (3 ) * -2-2152

j ' c | £ + C 2 G
- |. 35 1 2 "t - ó . £ ó é -
= C; e -f c 2 e
Si'nce i"fre respe^se i's y «ven by "tír-e Sum 'tujo

C x -j^ o rv e v rtip J X ^ c S L ^ c ^ -y s ^ û n cW on S ^ "fija
coan Xrt O -^ fir c ^ C fe d t js if c fc tfr e ilfijo jo a r tís

a-4
t\ - — — = fl.7 3 ^ *, ^ ~ — ---------- = G ’ í^ o 5
1 1-35)2. n 2 £ .é¿f 5 6
Cc ) ^ «f. g -¿ 4 <3 x = o > m c | ; c r ^
j t = . / 1 = ,
c = t f í^ ^ i f T T Ó - « > 's " T , ’ 1

C c
SySfevr» ís Cr/ b (' cod2íy . Tbe S o I la Á
^íven by £g • ( 2 ' £ o } j
,, ■— 6-9pt
* ( O = f X e + (¿0-+ o c fl) e } e
= f * * 4 (* * + 3 * * ) i } e ' ?i
Sínce tfre A c \ v $ X c ^ áecûcuW >
C c r r u u s y f c r f ji x r x J Z . C^rv^tcLA^'t' £ ^ *) Cf3-/v^ be O - f ^ ^
fír-U r = -y ~ G-3333 .
2 - 1 0 1
- 3 1» 6£j2 7 NJ - r ^ . ^ 2r £ 5- ^
2 -1 0 2
© C h a r e t e t eri' s W c E ^ u ^ ' h ’c n S ’
O) / - — i f -d - g ¿
'>2.
£ + v)2 - O O
¿
l y 2.
Q r- ^ - 5 ^ 0 C ^ -'V ■+ ? - 0 = (Z--í/)2 - C s ©
— /5 f- lé - 8/? + ¿ 5 — o
Ce) ^ ^ - 5
Q - f - O C ¿ -+ 0 = n S % ? ^ + 2 0
Cd ) / , j2 - - 4 ?
= / + 8/5 + lí =-<=>
U n d <xmiped n a -t u r a J - f r e ^ u e n c t ’e s
(*-) c = S , |t- V1
£ » *•„ - JV l C
P1
= 'Tk\ - 6 . yo 3 I
el» ? c r - 8 ., K - ^ I
jt_ = MM = ¿.I<a3>
W n " m yj I
CO W - h C -^ 3 ; tez. 1 O
= ffe T - víTe, ^ ^ ' ^ 7 2 /

\J m
2 -1 0 3
o b w = l> c - z , \Í
i?
PCLj m j o / n j rcctio S
m A 2 + c A + K =- o
2m 7. ic.
(a .* ) r = 5 _ £
3 r — ■ 7 ^ = ; - o - ¿ 2 ¿
2 \| 41 CO Z^Ht
(• b ■) 3 - 2 L Í --------- = Z -^ — — ~ — o ' 6 2 ¿f-6

2 sT ^W 2- v/¿T¡"
*“ /• o o ¿ 2
2s[% oO ? s - iw ?
t= 1 *O
2 / /¿CO
DcLm|oecí f r e c e n cre¿
/ T - t " . 0 í>n •> T
(? -) \ji — a ' é '2 y á i • ¿c a 3 1^ ) ss 5 *o o o ¿~i

"J L ^
e n /síot"
■■
Cc) üj ■■ AJo f 1e
(d ) - O
2 -1 0 4
(PO ^ - — = o '2 5 o o ( Un d e r d cDm p e c l j )
o» é2 ¿t£ ^^ O
CÔ r - 1 - -0*2500
- o 2 (G • 4 O 3 l )
tfat a ^ ffe to J U e > n c g ^ tív e dum ping-
H esjoonse jro w s ex~ foo n e ní"í o. Uy *
Ce 4 r - _____ 1___________ __ _ 0 .z í u ( o v e r e o - mnped)

C 0 0 fez. ( V < V 7 2 O
t " - * = o - 2 5 ( l / n í ) o - » p e « l )
co (V»)
2 -1 0 5
Im
(aO m
<>) / 1
5 a
©
— f— ■>■ Pe
o"
5a ©
l/nsbcuble •
Under da-m êd .
Responde ^ ro u j$
OSci l la ,to r y r e s p o n d e
e^ponenfi'a, H j
Ce)
Uro
0 6> -> Re
-5 - H
S
Responde w.'íl noY
R espo nse w.'li n o f
o S e í i!ouie .
o S c < (I a*k e .
2 -1 0 6
(2 ^ 1 3 5 )
c b cx.ro. c t e r í s t Ce £gu<a-tíon *,
AZ+ ojA + ^ ° 0 )
wbere
* = c/ í » (O
“ d t= V w Cs)
R oots o f Eg . ( » } :
a C4)
1.2 "
O/nd a /n d %2, j ir» <^&rd!Jh~c\ j c o r o jo le>í n u-Vn b £ r S .
Solu.-tror' of Eg* C O co^n t e e x p re sre d cu

Atf{tJ- e L-
k Q i) - c, e + c z e CO
U /U ere C, o^nJ. C2 cutlc *
0 U/ben ^ t cxrrvd ^ 2 oJ xjl bc'tb reoJ. am^d n^gcdXvê ^ Ure.

Solu-tíon t'n Eg. (5“) c u j s f r Y O C L c k e S z e r o a,S^m^tóit‘coXuj.
e If S, curvd s2 ane. cambíe >0 'f'be r^cdZLh-c o f S'olu'h’on Ís
goverêd t j the reoJ. jpaydr cTjy tfce. r o o t s » Xfi read-
] j> o > ik ~ ¿ ¿ \ \ < £ ,^ o ~ t ¿ A / - £ - > "tÍTe So lu.-ft’o v-> ín E«^. ( 5 ^ C s
oSCi ((cutorj a -^ d 0-^7^roa-ch^s Z&Y'O OJi t oo ,
stcdsíli'by o f Xm (A y
the sy^'tevr» ,'vn

th e S-jalfi.V\e ís / A s * ™ {*>- N
sbowr» ín - t*rcalíV N
'' s fc u b le ' #e(4)
. cu
F i‘5
£ o u n o f
sta-M e r e f i o n ^
F t'^ u r^ cu :
2 -1 0 7
T be sfofcí lífy o f tke Sy £Íe,rr ¡ n U fe pc~r¿ume-‘ber
SpG-c£. ca/n be ínjUco£cd <3^ /frA-Catm fn Ffg • b,
Vben Oj < O Onrcd b>0 (¿fourtb gUG.drfl.nt) 3 tk e
curve ^Q>^2 _ b =o Ae,p>oJ\xdkjLZ ffce p^-o^b^curCt
i vvfcb fíüo r e g i ó o s * Xr» *Hie toja p on í" ( cutove ffre
p a . r a J » o L a ) a ffc-e r o o t r ✓$, curud A 2 iyi‘ 11 b e c o m p l e x

con ju g a re ^ ,'tk f>oSi ti’ve r ecU p o Jit • H en ee ffre
rnott’o n un II be d i V e r g ing o Se i HcL/tVon j.
Ln ffce bottom pa-xY (_ b e í o w "ftre p o r o t o la. c u r v e ) j
¡?otb Umd, UV'll be. iTSaX UÁttr aJ^~ Í¿£j2^t~ G7\£-
p ó s i t i v z r o o t . Henee "tíre rao feo yi c h i v e r g e ?
U/í’bk o u .t oSCi (la/fcTon.
> wbeh cu > o GLm-4 b > o £ £ jVs Ir Ir¡ F«j •b )
7 "ke c u r v e gi'v e n bg ^ ^ ¿ __ b —o ^ peer a. bo Ia ,)
Se p e r a l t e s -¿'be ^-^Xjcb-x-o-nr^r ,'rti© fu/o r e g ió n ? » Ln
■fke t o p r e g i ' o n , ôF' ^ b^ > ^2 U/«H b e
reai. Y\egcub¿ v e ' H ^n cc fbe m o t i ’o n cAecaup?
lUi%oui- G ? c í ( l a . h ‘OYiS ( a -p e r iodrc deca^g")*
I n "tbe r e g i ó n £h_ < k ; /5 j o^rud^ 2 ia// 1( b e
CdYn joley conjuLâ-tes u/í-bb reg O u irive reaX p a Jv t.
Henee -ft-e r e s p o r se is o S c ¡ {[a Jro ry o ^ Á . deoo-yZ
cu t í m e m crea-íes*
2
Aíong "Hre bounotcLrg c u r v e ( ---- ¿ ~ i ^ re-
Voo'bs’ /í i gjtwsI /£2 W‘ U be C d e n é íc a J . un é"b “
Henee it e rnot ion d e c a ^ í’ u/¿tb tim e f .

9 Ui hen ~ o g stlA b > o ¿ tk e rooís ¿ ¡ cu yk A J í¿ Ia/íII
te jfu re ím c -g \na~ry c o m j o i e x c o r i j u g aJ¡J¿8 . ênC£ ~tke
YT>o-tron ÍS oScí ílo -to r j ( (jO -r m o T n íc ) ojrud ^ tc u b le .
0 Wêh b<Q [s e c o n d c w j ~hhlrd gu <

2, ¿ r a . n ' t s ) }
^ , ar*\d UJ/Í1 t e ¡o o siéfv e o j^ Á 'b en cce. fp T e resfonse
d iv erg es u/t‘H vio oS C illa J rto■ n s, 3 Hus f / ,e moton
ís Un S t a - b l e *
FYg ur e t
2 -1 0 9
C hcLra-ck e r \'s f i e 2
egw< -V-roYi *.
2 A Z-t-C ¿ + ¡ 8 - O ( ( >>
Roohr . 0 ) :
A — —c i 'T e 2'- (HH 0O

i,z .------------------------- -— -
4
At c^ o , fk e roo h one g»'ve*"' ~± * *• *
Têse roofs oJ“i£ ©j? ctotr ír\ P,*g,úu . &y
¡ln e r e A í in j H e v o l a . cr£ C , H e r*of*
ín -fre f 0 (|0U/ ^ 7^L 6 l .
c ^ 2. *■,
o i 3 t - 3¿
2 - o-5 ■+ 2 • 9 6 ¿ -o*5 - 2-96*
4 - i-o -f 2 - 8 3 2 - 1•o - 2-S3 ¿

g — 2 * 0 -f 2 * 2 4 V
- 2 -o - 2*2 ¿f -£
1I _ 2 •“7 5 -f- 1*20 *0
- 2.75 — (* 2 o d
12 -3-0
— 3 *o
- 3 * 5 + 1*20 = - l*7o 3*5 - 1*^0 = - 5* ? o
2O — 5 ■0 + Lf ■ o ~ - ¡ .o - 5*o — A * o =• — 9*o
1O 0 - 25-0 4 2«/-*2 r - 0 * \8 - 2 5*o - 2 H - 8 2 ~ - HS > 8 2
oo0 -250 f Z 5 0 21 0 -250 -250 £ - 5 0 0
Koo' - /tocus Ís skouin Íh F. ’ g . <v .
2 -1 1 0
Prob| e m 2-136 Root locus plot with variation o f damping constant (c).
F i‘3 • 0 0
2 -1 1 1
(z m )
c h a. r o ~ ct e m ' s W c eíuft-fion:
~ R ó o t s o í E g • ( O 1
_ 12 ± s/l^H - S K C2 )
or
CO
^ .,z = _ i ± 'Z 9 - i *
57nce ccc-vtnof be n e j^ 'V ? ) U/e V G - fy M. Jy> ro m O
te Oo . UjAen je - 19 J Lotb a^J cly £
re a J. c ^ Á te - 3 , Xy, +fc-€ rcL ^ y e o < K < IS >
Lo + L ^z will Le re<a_í ¿la-vJ n ega.-t í ve *
WKen k ~ ú ; /*, = o cuwJ = ~ £ . Tê v ^ n ' ^ n
o£ Y ' o o ’t s Wi"H» m creQrSin^ vcl L u £ ¿ cs^jj M ís sA<ju/í-*
;n tt> e ôl l o u/i ' nj Ta-fclc a-^-^ ¿aXfrz? i'r» ^ *
K ¿\ ^2
O 0 — 6 •0
10 — 1*0 - S. 0
18 - 3 *0 — 3*0
20 — 3 + ¿ — 3 - *
¿JO - 3 + 3 ■3 2 «J _ 3 -
JOO — 3 -1- ( j ' i f O i — 3 — 6 ■¿ i O <
10 0 0 - 3 -1- 2 2 * 1 6 * - 3 - 2 2-/ 6 *
2 -1 1 2
Im
Protlevn 2*/ 37 ^-00t l°cus plot variation o f spring constant (k).
F í$ • 0 * 0
2 -1 1 3
C h CLyo-cherísh ‘‘ o cL±\or\ :
m Á 1 -{- ¡ 2 4 -+ 4 ~ °
R oofc s of- E g •O ) :
- iz ± yí^¿f - 16 ™
i >z (* )
z rr»
S i'n o e negafive cx^-J \/zJLêA ^ rr> c x r e no f
j3oSí«ble3 w e rn i‘n H e rcxvxge ¡ < m < Oo -
Tke ro o ís 5»v e n by E g .^ o fn ít e
0 l lóLOsvi <j 1oJo\e cxnrxíA íxX^t; ploi-fced ,*n p,*j . a/.
rn
1 - o- 3 ¿i 5 - I (* 6 5 s
OO
Q
- 2- 62
t»
1
4
O
V/I
g -1-00
1
0
9 — 0-67 —0*67
JO —O •é -v- 0 •2 ¿ — — o*2
ao — o • 3 -t- o *3 3 ¿ - O ' l — o ' 13 4
IO0 - O'Oé 4 0-19 i - O ' O é — o * l ? -c!
5 00 — O-Ol 2 + 0 >0 5 ? 4 — o •olí — o i’
/ 0 00 - O ' O O f + O■0 S 3 1 — 0" (30 é " G* O <£3 t
2 -1 1 4
R oot locus plot with variation o f mass (m).
.O )
2 -1 1 5
m - 2o fcg > ^ ~ 4 00 0 N/m
■"»= { ¥ = = 14-14*. r a J /» c
/ÍT n p U tu d e í 0^ í u t c e í n V e c y c i s s : 5 0 , 4-5, 4 -0 , 3 5 mm ^
4 m. jo l i t u . d e * of S u cce ís.V e cacles di‘m ín /s A S m m = 5 ' <<((7 m.
System ha-s Cou-Lomb d u m p i n g .
íttíL , 5 » » 5* r » , { i
* J u-
=. aa-Tripirt^ orce
F req u en cy o/ Jo .m f.e J v.'b'ro.'fcfon = , 4 . ( 4 2 1 r o - c í/ s e c .
«,= 20 fcj, * = IOOOO N / m , ± t íl = * ?°~ l0° m „ = 12-5 x i o ' 3 m

■2 ^ 4-
p = (iz-gxio 000 )
) (10 _ 0 , 15g3
4- (2o K 3*31)
Time elo,f>yed - 4 T*n = 4 x - g TT - 1*124 sec
rn = fO -te£ , -K = 3000 N//m , /* ~ °' 12 > X = 1 0 0 -mm
= 4 í ° ’ l2-) ( 10 * 3 - 8 1 ) = 0 . 0157 w 3 15i7 ^

* 3000
AS 6^ ^ - 9 4 . 2 mm> -me.Sí comes to rest a.t (loo - 9 4 *2) = 5« S mm
inq = ¿ 5 N , k = íooo N/m , d o ^ m p in a fo rc é - con stcxn.-fc

(2 .1 4 2
v J (n & ss r e l e a , se A w i-b b = to an cen d ocQ = o.
Sta/fcfc d e f i e c tib n 0j? SprCnj J u e to s e l? u/ e í j b t o f mezrr =

— 0*025 m
air t = o *- x = o *ím , x = O
*0 * 0 - 1
2-116
= *o - 2 ^ = *0 - ^ 4 "
= * 0- L £ í , l ¿ £ = o
i' e -, Xe= — o ■I
O-rt 'k (o* i) f i o o o )
Al a. <7n i “fcu.cíe o/ ^ r c e = ^»M= —j- - "g
12* 5 N
yr\= 20 ic j 4 = ( 0 , 0 0 0 M /rn , yu N = 5 O N , X Q = o •o 5 m
2 .143) Number of kaif cacles ela p sed befare mass c o m e s to
rest (r) ÍS gíven ^

r x„ — mfV
T
r' !>
^ )\ i—* /*)(
-te
c . í
o*o9 — V go
' lo o o o )/ = 4*5
o uis/ / Z ( J £ 2 .— \
* '-£ • ; \io ooo /
r = 5
(¿ O T i'rn e elajo se d b e fa r e m a ss com es to r e s t *.
4 = 27r v f i 1 = ^ v / ^ H F = 0 .2 8 1 0 íe c
T im e ta.te.en = (j>-5 t^ = 0 * 70 2 5 Sec
Cc) F i'n c t l e x t e n s ió n o/ Sp rírx cj GLfber 5 k a L f- c y o L c s ¿

x ? = 0.0 5 - 5 0 .o 5 _ 5 r2 » _ | ^ _ \ = 0
C d í^/ci-cem en fc jV cm sta tic e ^ a i u £> rt’un^ p o sC ti o n = / o )
But s ta - tic d eflectto n - ZÜL - - i i 0 , * 9< 8 1 - o • o I*? é 2 m

^ (O o o o
.: Ft'naL e x t e n s ió n o f S p rin ^ = / .9 £ 20 cm .
I(cl) BûxJZon crjj. moíZon j-sr Ou-tvíûXo^. a§c¿i-£o-ÍZcnvs ^ penduíuro. •

2*144) ^ 9* + W 6 ± ju. ^ 07? Q = o
Fbf 4rrvo-t£. a sn s^ M > q + í s p. d \

5g ' 2_£ '
Tk»s skewí t k a t bke aarvA 4 Mjjim-g. AexJiejSL&CX fsyL f ¿ I f L . ) ,n
£<xok. c^cJb,- Z¿ f
(b ) F or m o l ion fr o m ríjjfit ~hs í-ef t '

0 (F ) = CoS ^ r\ t 4 A ^ ' ^ r' 4 ^TJ
wêre G5n = l^ jT
<£
Let Qt-t; - o) - eo <3snJ ÓCt - o) —O • Tken A¿ = 0O — » A2 - °
2 -1 1 7
°t*)= ( 8» - 4 Í ) t0SC,í" t + 7 1
For motion from l e . f i to ri^^t -
0(t) = A 3 cos C3nt + s.Vi G3nt - f t -
At G3nt TT, q. = „ 0o -f ■
>Ó ~ 0 from p r e v io u s Soluéión.
A3 = ®o - ^ f ¡T ' = O
»f*) = (e. - 2 £ Í ) es - .H
(O The m otion cen ses ijk e n , , „ l . u .d
( 0O- 11 ) C
ukere n denotes the n*m(>er 0j: ^ ctg2 *____________2
% ( t ) — X s in o ? t (u n d e r rin u so td a T fo rcé F0 s in a ? t ^ )
Dam fin j fo r c é = hJ
T o ta l A£ztf(cL-cj^rr^<fc p e r c y c l e = 4 X
Energy oh’s s i p a j t e d p ^ r cycLe - = 4^ n í X (£,)
c e^ = egu iV ad en t visco u s da_mpirtj c o n s t a u n t . , e ne r ^ y

fL 'ss\¡p a Jte A per ,s 5 ¡v e n . ( 2 . 9 8 ') :
A W ~ TT ^ ^ 0 ” 2^)
Egu.a/fcinj ( E , ) a-*ic! ( £ 2) 8 ¡ v e s
c „ . í ¿ t ü l = fe >
_______________________ 7TC3K IV 03_X __________________________________________
D ue to ViSCOUS d a m p in g :
s = L (-£=-W
= p e rce n t d e c r e a .s e in a-m f> \iéuJe per c y c ie <xt X m
( X m — X m+ A / Xoj+i \ ^ —2-TT^f.
= ’ 00 X — J = 100 í 1 - - 5 c T )■= 100 o - e )
j>ue to C oulom b da-mpfrvy :
g. - p e r c e n i J ie c re a .s e in a .m p l i t ude p e r cycLe a jt Xm
1 ' X„ - X m^
= , 0 ° 1 — t : — y = 1 0 0 1 * x ,
When £>ot/> types 0f damping a re p re se n t :
^ 2 Xm= 2 0 m m J ^ + l X m= /O mm
2-118
<.e-> ytí M
r -27TTn 400
0. = z
ioo ( í - e ) + o. 0Z
<52 ~5T
/ - 2-n r \ 4 00
ioo p - e ) -f o* c 7
The sduéi'on oj ¿hese eûa-hions gíves
- 2 7r y m
5To ) = O' S am j ” O» 5 x 10
0 -
Coulomb damping.
2 7T 2 7T
(a) Natural frequency = cjn = ------- = — -- = 6.2832 rad/sec. Reduction in
7"n 1
amplitude in each cycle:
4 /i N 9.81
cjí 6.28322
0.5
= 0.9940 ¡x = = 0.005 m
100
Kinetic coefficient of friction = ¡i = 0.00503
(b) Number of half-cycles executed (r) is:
HN - /- ^S
•)
r>
~ (2 ^ N )
0.00503 (9.81)
0.1 -
6.28322
>
2 (0.00503) (9.81)
6.28322
> 39.5032
>40
Thus the block stops oscillating after 20 cycles.
2 -1 1 9
ry _ 2 TT 2 TT
í r\ — (C ~ — —— —---------- — O • ! Lj O ¿j 9 7
u*n 44*721359
7 Y «n € t“M cen f-0 com plete |o Cacles ~ io
= 1*40^97 S
[2 .1 4 9
•^¿t) e - 10
Ni r r nj COS 0
1• . > <
U/ nen -¡t - a n i x =: 4 or X - — cunA = -f-
#*
m *■ = - 2 X — yU M + tn^ Í #*n 0
or m * 4 2 *k * = - p rn co s e 4 w g © (F ' ( )
Case 2*. ^ ^ en y= + Omaf X - — or X = — cunJ X - — •
nn x =. - 2 1í x f 4 Try sín 0
or m X + 2 j(x = (J^m jcose 4 rn^ sin 0 ( £ * 2)
E^S- ( E - I*) cur\J (e * 2. ) C-clvi k?e Ltffi'ifcey) a/ single

<& ûc¿Ci'oY\ 0J 3 \
yux ■f~yU r n 3 e o s © ^3n C* ) + 2 4 e x 4 s'n O ~ o
O O
(L) x o - o *l rr» , ¿ 6 ^ 5 ffl/j
Cx9 ^ _ 11o O o _ [ /
" \]m ~ H^TT = 7.07(068 rced /s
Solufi'on o£ Eg • ( E * 0 :
m £ Coi 0
■x ( - f ) = A, COS £ ¡? „ t -+ A j. Sin O J „ t — —------- £ --------------
+ sin e (fe.-O
S o Iu E í oy » a .f fE -z'):
x (« = A, e l 4 A , .,■„ 4 '" V tcie + » " 8
2 -1 2 0 ” ^ E' °
ÜS í n y t he \Y)'\bt'aÁ c o n j . - t r o n S m £ cocln 4l cuLf c^ tle; il>e
Co n s í a n t s A| A¿. °r /I 3 a n J A/, a-re fe ¿>e founol .
Ffir ena-m jale, m tte f.VSfc V lf C ycle, He retía n

Starfs fren , lefi t o w a r c | r ,-g í t t X o ~ 0 . l a _„j[
* 0 = S. T iñ e s e Va.lu.es Can te u Se i ,'n Eg. 0 " 0

to fi'nJ Ai a-n d Ao •
2S
Friction forcé = fi N = 0.2 (5) = 1 N. k = ------- = 250 N /m . Reduction in
4 N 4 0‘ 10
amplitude in each cycle = — —— = — t = 0. 016 m. Number of half-cycles
k 250
executed before the motion ceases (r):
/xN
xo -
0.1 - 0.004
> - 12
2 /i N 0.008
Thus after 6 cycles, the mass stops at a distance of 0.1 - 6 (0.016) = 0.004 m from
the nnstressed position of the spring.
= = 22.1.472 rad/sec
rn = — = 0.2837 sec
Thus total time of vibration = 6 7,, = 1.7022 sec.
E n e rg y dfs\s*i*pct.iecf /n eo_cA £uLL loa,^ c y c ie is,' y .V e n Ay -fcAe CLreco
© The
enclc- sed
tA e A ysteresrs'
by
á r e a , co,nbe
¿Ae
¿oop-
-Ay s-tererte lo o p -
found? Ay
Ih
C íu n é in y
Fi‘y* 2.117 ,
-£Aesgâ^res’ en clo fed
‘¿Aen u m b er of
Ay
r£ u a .re r i*
2 33. Sin ce eo-cí sguccre = L ° ° -— (v/.*, He
I o ,OCC
e .n e .r ^ 'j cu's’S’ípa.éea m cu c u .c JU . ¿g
AU/ = 3 3 x o- ( = 3.3 (\J - m = 17 */3 X

S i'n c e ‘tAe m ccxirram dej^/ect i’o n = X = 4- * 3 mm a-nd tAe
slope £Ae fo r c é - c ? e f / e c t T o n curve is
1 _ Uoo N 5 ✓
x — — —--------
II rnm
=• I* 6 3 6 4 x 10 (\ J/ m
'
>
■»
iA e eresTi’ c{a.vnpíny COns-fcouri-fc yS i’s 51've n by
2 -1 2 1
AW 3^3________________________
P ' TT-fc X a 0043) 2 = ° ,3íí72-

<S = 7T|S - l o j o . r i é l i m i ‘c J e c r e . m c n 't = 7Tfo»3^-7¿)= \-Oñ08
E ûiV a^íen-t V/S'Couí dcLmjom^ rcu tío = V = - 0-17 3 6
_ ^ K ^~ - 1 .1 , fl = 0 'ú 3 0 3 2
2 - 7T|S
Ctó =r A J^T k = 0 -0 3 0 3 2 s /jT ¡T = 0*0422? N " s/m
2
AW = TT fc(3 X 2 = T T ( z ) (O .Q 3 0 3 2 ) ( 7^ g ) = I9 - Q 5 X IO 6 N -m
Loga-rí-throic dtcrement - g -. / X-jT \ ^ ^
^ Fornc3CÍeSl s=± ^ i?;

ib H H ) - ° ' ° ^ 055 - ^
^3 = 0 * 0 0 1 2 9 1
i . i t . í
X»
“ 7T7 b* ITT ~ 77^ b* 2 * 5 = 0 , 0 0 3 16 2 3
S = 7T ¿
il-
\<
” i , ¿ * . , „ . 5 , „ 2 , N /„
TT TT
2 -1 2 2
(2 J 55)
(pO ^g,u a ^ ‘6n m ohon •

g
© Sin 9 = 0 (O
i
L ineo-ri ^¿xt'Von o f i’in 0 ¿Lbcoet" &a\ oJtJoi
Qc u s in g T c u jlo r^ S e r i e s1 ex-po-nsion (and r e ta in in g
onlg upto ÜTe l i n e a r te rm ) ;
Si n Q r Si n $0 + CoS 0O• ©o) + *■• (2 )
B^y d e f i n m g @ - &_ -HTo± O =<=>, +* ® o ^ ^

* * | «* *»
9 — 0 ourud © ~ © > \ê can Stcpress Eg, . C O
© + 1 (sin 96 + 0, ^ 6f e ) =0 O )
u fe e re ^ , Sin ©0 © „ cu-e con sta n is. E# ’ (3 )
1S -)fe e cfx& O lA *! X¿ru2J 2>>- e.^/U,o_t£<m .
(JO /H '^íe ( r e f e r e n t e ) ) » o J í t i'on s iVidi'eaíií
0e = n i T ; Y l- Oj ± Tr, ± 2 TT, ■■ ■ (*0
sin e e = síy> e 0 - o ■ H enee. E ^ - C O fe u c e ? O re £ o rm
~
0 + ¿
jl
eos s e e
-
eo CO
r^ e c iv a r u a ^ f e v e if c e ^ u a Jr ío n co r r e SfoonJ.Vvg fe Eg • C? >
l'S
■+ - |- c o s e e - O CO
T b e r o o t s of- E g . ( 6 } cure
^ = ± / - ®e (y )
2 -1 2 3
F o r *e - o , 4 = f9 ,
Boif> UTe YoXu£A &j ^ oxui. \rr\QJ^¿ry*aXuf , tfe.nce. tA e
S y s t e m ¡s n e u t r a A l y sicdhie >
Fcr Oe = 7T, ^ - ± [P (s n
V Jt
Bere one Vol^x- ^ Zi p© s i f / V e osr>A tíre o f f r e r
VahuL. crfj A i's Y\e<joJ¿\/-c ( t^tíT o J ^ ffence
“ftre S y s t e m ís u n s t o J s l e .
ALTERNATiVE a p p ^ q a c h .1
Tke p o t e n t j ' a X e n e r g y o f tA e penetulu.hr? ■£ gvVen by
VCO= X - ^ cose C.O

í
where V0 íS cu ¿ o n s t o - n t - T k e l=fi¿LUrr> A ^ o -fá j ^
Q - Q e , of Eg •Q c ' ) oj \sl- given by tir e A io J Z c r n a X ^ v o A lul
4 V (e^ :
^ = ^ sen e ^ o 0 0
cA* í
R oofs of E$. 0 * 0 9 ' ve tKe e ^ u i íi t r i ’um s t a ^ t e s
©e r n -rr¡ n - o , t i, ± 2 , •■■ G ^
S € coy»J dle-trívosbíve o f V ê) ís
4*V _ c ^ C iO
A®9- ' T C
OSQ
r poS ÍtiVe for Q - O j Z TT j ¿f TT >•* •
( m e g a t i ’ve for 9= Tr, 3“rr , ...
Thus fke p o t e n t í a * e n e ^ ís m ínim um at 0 e = O ; z "rr-
4 7T, . . . o-^n-£j( m áxim u m air ©e = 7r , 3 t t , .. •
Henee t t e pendulum i*s sbaA>le ¿Jr &e ~ o aynÂ u/yv¿'fed»Xe.
, A e . = 7 r "_____________________________________________________________________________
2 -1 2 4
(¿O E£UG,4Voy\ o f r r> o h ío n :
(*\a*ss m o r n e n b o f íner+iYu o f CCrcufa,r d i í K oJzolJ'

2. r, ^
|>o>rv^ O Í S <F ■+■ M L — »
MoV* m o m e n t o f ín£-t*fi*cu of- ‘tfc’e foot ( v b o u f poirvt' 0
»■« Jr= X w jT + n . ( l V = i m I 2 C*)

IX Vi / 3
Fúr SmaJ-£ ost^ÁcLh

dUspIcucemervts ( 0 ) o f
n*g r<4 ba.r ¿vtondr jo ivct
¡*o\rJr O J -fare f r e e bodg
ctuaÂ.o-tfn ¡£ $¡i0\sJti in FVg • CLy‘
T"be £ ^ a ic¿ r n m dfibn f W
Ü\£ (Xrc^LlXcfr Yno’f’l'o y> Of

rVgíd bo-r, ufi'n¿j Meu/fon'í
SeoonJ ¿a«w o f rno4“t‘OY"» ^ í’ :
(¿rr + J| ) 0 - m g A- S,V e
- Mg L Sin 9 4- C l— Cerf ©
+ % L Cari e _ 0 ( O
Sm te 0 ÍS Sm -aii , StV» 0 ^ © oÂ Cj O ^ l
Eg •(3 ) cAm b e eocpresseJl oJ*
< & + J j ') & - ^ e - M 3 l 0 + CL

*
-f £ L
7 1 2
= o (4)
caM be w ri tt e r » a-5
J"0 e •+■ c ¿ ¿ + *< .$ = * 00

wbere
2 -1 2 5
Jo = r + Jd (6 )
S = c L1 ^ (7 )
'k .i = - "ü ü í: - rv\ 3 l + * l 2 (5 )

Z
(JO Tke ckoLrcLctEri's-fcic e ^ u cutio n ^ o r +fce
eâajttov» ^5 ) given b^
V - + c t ■* + * t - 0 ^
U/kase r o o t s ourfi g iv e n by
Xfc co-vn k e (^ c e Sectíon ? . H* l ) ’t k o -f 'Híe
System will be sfctble ¡£ curJ. cx re j»oSífci*ve*
4r» Eg. ( ? ) > c¿ ^ 0 o^v J i ¿T0 > 0 U /k ile y O
onlj wKen Y< La > ™ a l + M? L tfce
m om ew t due ¿5 tfe ,h c d :¿ h ¿ n^ -§ -¿ ^ cjl a^. •ífe.
,s L c ^ ru ^ 4fcu« fr.e m om en t du e to ttre gro-vity

| orce^ ) •
2 -1 2 6
% Ex2_157.ini
© % T his
tspan
xO =
[t, x]
=
program w i l l
[0 .4 ;
[0: 0 .0 5 :
0 .0 ];
= ode23( 'd fu n cl',
8];
use d fu n cl.m
tspan, xO );
p l o t (t , x (:, 1 ));
x la b e l( 't ');
y la b e l( 'x ( t ) ') ;
% d fu n cl.m
fu n ction f = d fu n cl(t, x)
u = 0 .5 ;
k = 100;
m = 5;
f = z e r o s (2 ,1 ) ;
f (1) = x (2) ;
f (2) = -u * 9.81 * s ig n ( x (2)) - k * x (l) / m;
for i = 1:101
t (i ) = 2* (i —1 ) / 1 0 0 ;
x l (i ) = (xO + ( dxO + w n * x 0 ) * t ( i ) ) * e x p ( -- wn *t ( i ) ) ;
end
2 -1 2 7
xO = 5 0 ;
f o r i = 1:101
t ( i ) = 2* ( i - 1 ) / 1 0 0 ;
x 2 ( i ) = (xO + ( dxO + w n*xO )*t(i) ) * e x p ( -- wn *t ( i ) ) ;
end
xO = 1 0 0 ;
f o r i = 1:101
t (i) = 2 * ( i - l ) / 1 0 0 ;
x 3 ( i ) = (xO + ( dxO + w n*x0)*t(i) ) * e x p (-w n * t (i));
end
xO = 0 ;
dxO = 1 0 ;
f o r i = 1:101
t ( i ) = 2* ( i - 1 ) / 1 0 0 ;
x 4 ( i ) = (xO + ( dxO + vm *xO )*t(i) ) * e x p (-w n * t(i));
end
dxO = 5 0 ;
f o r i = 1:101
t (i ) = 2 * ( i- 1 ) /1 0 0 ;
x 5 ( i ) = (xO + ( dxO + wn*xO )*t(i) ) * e x p ( -- wn *t ( i ) ) ;
end
dxO = 1 0 0 ;
f o r i = 1:101
t ( i ) = 2* ( i - 1 ) / 1 0 0 ;
x 6 ( i ) = (xO + ( dxO + wn*xO )*t(i) ) * e x p (-w n * t (i ) ) ;
end
s u b p l o t (231) ;
p l o t (t , x l ) ;
t i t l e ( 'x 0 = 1 0 dx0=0' ) ;
x l a b e l (' t ' ) ;
y la b e l( 'x (t) ' ) ;
s u b p l o t (232) ;
p l o t (t , x 2 );
t i t l e ( 'x 0 = 5 0 d x0= 0 ');
xlabel( 't ' ) ;
ylabel('x (t) ' ) ;
s u b p l o t (233) ;
p l o t ( t ;x 3 );
t i t l e ( 'x0=100 d x 0 = 0 ') ;
x la b e l( 't ');
y la b el('x ( t ) ');
s u b p l o t (234);
p lo t(t,x 4 );
t i t l e ( 'x 0 = 0 d x 0= 1 0 ');
x la b e l( 't ');
y la b el('x ( t ) ');
s u b p l o t (235);
p l o t (t , x 5 );
t i t l e ( 'x 0 = 0 d x 0= 5 0 ');
xla b el( 't ');
ylabel('x (t)');
s u b p l o t (236);
p l o t (t , x 6 ) ;
t i t l e ( ' x 0=0 d x 0 = 1 0 0 / ) ;
x l a b e l ( ' t 7) ;
yla b el('x (t )');
2 -1 2 8
xO=10 dx0=0 x0=50 dx0=0 xO=100 dx0=0
x0=0 dx0=10 x0=0 dx0=50 x0=0 dx0=100
% Ex2_159.m
2 .1 5 9 ) = 1 0 '-
zeta = 2.0;
dxO = 5 0 ;
xO = 2 0 ;
el = ( x O * wn * ( z e t a + s q r t ( z e t a A2 - l ) ) + dxO ) / ( 2 * w n * s q r t ( z e t a A2 - l ) ) ;
c2 = ( - x O * w n * ( z e t a - s q r t ( z e t a A2 - l ) ) - dxO ) / ( 2 * w n * s q r t ( f c e t a A2 - l ) ) ;
for i = 1:101
t ( i ) = 5 * ( i —1 ) / 1 0 0 ;
x ( i ) = c l * e x p ( ( - z e t a + s q r t ( z e t a A2 - l ) ) * w n * t ( i ) ) . . .
+ c 2 * e x p ( ( - z e t a - s q r t ( z e t a A2 - l ) ) * w n * t ( i ) ) ;
end
p l o t (t / x) ;
xla b el( 't ');
y l a b e l ( 'x ( t) ' ) ;
2 -1 2 9
0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5
t
R e s u l t s o f Ex2_160.m
* * * * * * * * * * 7. / n t X T T * * * * * * * * * * * *
» program2
Free v ib r a tio n analysis
o f a s i n g l e d egree o f freedom a n a ly s is
Data:
m= 4 . 0 0 0 0 0 000e+000
k= 2.50000000e+003
c= 0 . 00000000e+000
x0= 1.00000000e+002
xd0= -1.00000000e+001
n= 50
delt= 1.00000000e-002
system i s undamped
R esults:
i time (i) x(i) xd(i) x d d (i )
1 1 . 000000e-002 9 . 679228e+001 - 6 . 282079e+002 - 6 . 049518e+004

2 2 . 000000e-002 8 . 756649e+001 - 1 . 2 0 7 3 4 8 e + 003 - 5 . 472905e+004
3 3 . 000000e-002 7 . 289623e+001 - 1 . 711420e+003 -4.556014e+004
4 4 . 000000e-002 5 . 369364e+001 - 2 . 109085e+003 - 3 . 355853e+004
5 5 . 000000e-002 3 . 115264e+001 - 2 . 375618e+003 - 1 . 9 4 7 0 4 0 e +0 0 4
6 6 . 000000e-002 6 . 674722e+000 - 2 . 4 9 4 4 4 5 e + 003 - 4 . 171701e+003
a
*•
2 -1 3 0
44 4 . 400000e-001 8 . 425659e-001 2 . 499931e+003 -5 . 266037e+002
45 4 . 500000e-001 2 . 555609e+001 2 . 417001e+003 -1 . 597256e+004
46 4 . 600000e-001 4 . 868066e+001 2 . 183793e+003 -3 . 042541e+004
47 4 . 700000e-001 6 . 877850e+001 1.814807e+003 -4 . 298656e+004
48 4 . 800000e-001 8 . 460003e+001 1.332986e+003 -5 . 287502e+004
49 4 . 900000e-001 9 . 516153e+001 7 . 682859e+002 -5 . 947596e+004
50 5 . 000000e-001 9 . 980636e+001 1.55.8176e+002 -6 . 237897e+004
.gl___________i_______ ;___i---------------- !__________ i___________!__________ !----------------

O 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
t
R esults o f Ex2__161.m
****************************
2 .1 6 1 J . » program2
Free v ib r a t io n analysis
o f a s i n g l e degree o f freedom a n a ly s is
Data:
m= 4 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e + 000
k= 2 . 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e + 003
c= 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e + 002
x0 = 1 . 00000000e+002
xd0= -1.00000000e+001
n= 50
delt= 1.00000000e-002
system i s u n d e r damped
R esults:
2 -1 3 1
i time (i ) x(i) xd(i) xdd(i )
1 1 . 000000e-002 9 . 704707e+001 - 5 . 547860e+002
2 2 . 000000e-002 - 4 . 678477e+004
8 . 940851e+001 - 9 . 485455e+002 - 3 . 216668e+004
3 3 . 000000e-002 7 . 854100e+001 ■1. 2 0 3 0 2 4 e + 0 0 3 - 1 . 901253e+004
4 4 . 000000e-002 6 . 575661e+001 ■1. 3 3 5 0 3 0 e + 0 0 3 - 7 . 722135e+003
5 5 . 000000e-002 5 . 218268e+001 ■1.3 6 4 3 9 3 e + 0 0 3 1. 495649e+003
6 6 . 000000e-002 3 . 874058e+001 •1.3 1 2 2 0 2 e + 0 0 3 8 . 592187e+003
45 4 . 500000e-001 - 4 . 071590e-001
46 3 . l¿ü¿Ufc¡4e+UÜ0 1 . 723973e+002
4 . 600000e-001 - 3 . 667451e-001
47 4 . 698554e+000 1 . 117518e+002
4 . 700000e-001 - 3 . 150951e-001
48 5 . 542443e+000 5 . 837337e+001
4 . 800000e-001 - 2 . 575358e-001
49 5 . 894760e+000 1 . 359090e+001
4 . 900000e-001 - 1 . 985409e-001
50 5. 844858e+000 - 2 . 203340e+001
5 . 000000e-001 - 1 . 416733e-001 5 . 484453e+000 - 4 . 856551e+001
x 10
2 -1 3 2
R e s u lts o f Ex2_162.m
» program2
o f a s i n g l e d egree o f freedom a n a ly s is
Data:
m= 4 . 00000000e+000
k= 2 . 50000000e+003
c= 2 . 00000000e+002
x0= 1 . 00000000e+002
xdO = -1.00000000e+001
n= 50
d e l t= 1 . 00000000e-002
system i s critica lly damped
R esults:
i time (i ) x(i) xd (i) xdd(i )
1 1 . 000000e-002 9 . 727222e+001 - 4 . 9 2 5 9 1 5 e + 002 - 3 . 616556e+004

2 2 . 000000e-002 9 . 085829e+001 - 7 . 611960e+002 - 1 . 872663e+004
3 3 . 000000e-002 8 . 252244e+001 - 8 . 868682e+002 - 7 . 233113e+003
4 4 . 000000e-002 7 . 342874e+001 - 9 . 1 9 6 9 8 6e+002 9 . 196986e+001
5 5 . 000000e-002 6 . 432033e+001 - 8 . 9 4 6 1 1 2 e + 002 4 . 530357e+003
44 4 . 400000e-001 1.996855e-002 -4 . 576266e-001 1 . 040098e+001
45 4 . 500000e-001 1 . 587541e-002 -3 . 644970e-001 8 . 302721e+000
46 4 . 600000e-001 1 . 261602e-002 -2 . 901765e-001 6 . 623815e+000
47 4 . 700000e-001 1 . 002181e-002 -2 . 309008e-001 5 . 281410e+000
48 4 . 800000e-001 7 . 957984e-003 -1 . 836505e-001 4 . 208785e+000
49 4 . 900000e-001 6 . 316833e-003 -1 . 460059e-001 3 . 352274e+000
50 5 . 000000e-001 5 . 012349e-003 -1 . 160293e-001 2 . 668750e+000
.Results of Ex2_163.m
» » * n - » /. * * * * * * * *
'2 .1 6 3 ) » program2
o f a s in g le degree o f freedom a n a ly sis
D ata:
m= 4 . 00000000e+000
k= 2. 50000000e+003
c= 4. 00000000e+002
x0= 1 . 00000000e+002
xd0= - 1 . 00000000e+001
n.= 50
d e l t= 1 .00000000e-002
System i s o v e r damped
R esults:
t t t
2 -1 3 4
i time (i) x(i) xd ( i ) xdd(i)
1 1 . 000000e-002 9 . 764929e+001 - 3 . 945541e+002 - 2 . 157540e+004

2 2 . 000000e-002 9 . 2 9 4 6 3 6 e +0 01 - 5 . 205155e+002 - 6 . 039927e+003
3 3 . 000000e-002 8 . 756294e+001 - 5 . 4 6 3 9 4 9 e + 0 02 - 8 . 734340e+001
4 4 . 000000e-002 8 . 214078e+001 - 5 . 344391e+002 2 . 105923e+003
5 5 . 000000e-002 7 . 691749e+001 - 5 . 090344e+002 2 . 830006e+003
45 4 . 500000e-001 5 . 281309e+000 - 3 . 537806e+001 2 . 369881e+002

46 4 . 600000e-001 4 . 939118e+000 - 3 . 308581e+001 2 . 216329e+002
47 4 . 700000e-001 4 . 619098e+000 - 3 . 094209e+001 2 . 072727e+002
48 4 . 800000e-001 4 . 319813e+000 - 2 . 8 9 3 7 2 6 e + 001 1 . 938429e+002
49 4 . 900000e-001 4 . 039920e+000 - 2 . 7 06233e+001 1 . 812832e+002
50 5 . 000000e-001 3 . 778161e+000 -2 . 530888e+001 1 . 695374e+002
% Ex2_164.m
9 T h i s p r o g r a m w i l l u s e d f u n c 2 _ , 1 64. m
y t s p a n = [0: 0 .0 5 : 1 2 ];
^ = [0.1; 5 ];
[ t , x] = ode23 ( ' dfunc.'2_164', tspan, xO) ;
p l o t ( t , x ( :/ 1 ) ) ;
x la b e l( 't ');
ylabel('x ( t ) ');
% dfunc2_134.m
function f = d f u n e 2__16 4 ( t , x )
u = 0.1;
k = 1000;
m = 20;
g = 9.81;
t h e t a = 30 * p i / 1 8 0 ;
f = ze ro s(2,1 );
f ( 1 ) = x ( 2) ;
f ( 2) = -u *g *cos(th eta)*sign (x(2)) - 2 *k*x(l)/m - g*sin(th eta);
2 -1 3 5
Tê. &<ûcJt\or\s f o r na^turoJ. f r e ^ e n c i ' e ¿ of v / t r a - t io n i*/ere
2.165J J e n V e d Tn T Y ^L Ie ^ 2.35.
O pero^ tínj sêed o/ -tu rb in e iísr i
0 ^ =• ( 2 4 0 0 ) - 2 5 I • 3Z8 ro-d / sec
TÍíu.S U>e need £0 scubisf y :
05 n / = X? ¿ A E ? y*
'« ■ '• 4 l W O. ( * - * - ) / ' "• ÍE|)
3 E I l /^2
1
iran rverse *) 3 . 3 J Z 6?o (Ez)
l W ( ° - aj)
C3.
tiVcw m fe rtn 'b tcî
=)?**<■*
Uêrc TTct2"
A - - 4 ” > w = fotfO x ?.?! - 55*10 fs/ 5
T - j r J 7' 2.
^ 4. * «7 = “T z " ' *0 = 5-00 fc^-r» ,
am<t E = 2 0 7 x io ? N / tm2, * <* = 7?-3 x /o* a//*»,2- (;fo r rte e l).
T Íie un Knowns d 3 f a srJt cu Ca-n be Je t e r m in e d ib
¿■a/fcri'sj2^ -tAe ín e ^ u c u liir e s (¡E ¡) , ( ^ 2.) £ ^ 3) usm ^

-trú ^ i. a-n J e rro r f>rocedure.
2 -1 3 6
F ro r» solu.4r Co-n of p ro L Ie m Z '3 8 . , ’t k e
re ^ u ire m e n h Ccly> le sbccbeá cu :
09, iz e x
> <03.
P ( f "m
Where E = so x io 6 J>sí 1 = £ [ « F - (d - 2 1) 4 ]
09 4 ? EX
¡ft'xecJ & r)Js
( E*)
«•Cf 4- m ) 2
U/itA
= ( ° ' 2 3 57 * 0 , - 3 7 /4 rn^) ,
m — rrLC U ^ Co I Urr>n— . Z L 2 — ( ¿ - 2. -fc) * J 3
J° = O* 2 ? 3 £4/i^3 3 ¿n / se.c2' )
i - O^ (Lalu-mn ~ m .j
M r: U / e 1*3 A t - o j ^ ffooY ~ 4 o o o -¿A i
U/ = U / e i^ K f oj? columnf- 4 J ^ f j~ C£ 3^)
F re ^ ^ - e n cj £ irm t = (09o 3 5o * 2.7T = 3 /4*1 6 ro - d /sec .
P r o A ) « m *. Fmd d a~nd"t sueln. ’ft'ojb W g iV e n Ay
E^- ( E V ) lV m » n i' m t^ e .d U/A « l e -S a -b iS j^ y í n j ~bke
meû.od.'.,'tr e s ’ (E i') cLnef C *0-
tA i's' JoroAle.»-» C-a-n Ae S o lv e d eifcAer ofY&'p A fc cc l opbi'mija,bi\

or ly u s iy j o-'"fcnW o.nd e rro r p ro ce d u re .
rn M
/
(O Vi'scoutf d cL m p ín y :
^ n == /± Í L -
^ | m i 2 t /V )d y — ( E 2)
CC-t )c r ¿ = = i \ /Í ~ ñ ' --- Ce 3 )
For cri’-fcfcaJ ala.m^,y,j ^ # ( 2 * 80 ) g»‘ves
9 (-fc) = { 90 + ( & c - t G3„ 0O) i | e --- (£«)
2 -1 3 7
For 9 C - 7 5 ° — /-3o7 ro-d a / rj ©0 = o ,
^ (■ ¿ 0 = (^ 1 -3 0 7 - f 1'3o? e ^ * ------ Ce 5‘ )
Fo r 0= 5 ° — c - o 2 l Z ~7 r«-d ^ ^ e .c o m e i’
0 .O S7 2 7 = |.iO? (,+ CJ„i) ¿ - ^ --- (Ee )
Let tim e to return = z ,jec . T ^ en Eg. ( ^ g fveí
0-03727= 1-30? ^ | 4- 2 ^ g- 2 U Í" (e ,)
Soli/e (V 7 ) Ly trfe.1 Q ja J error io $C n J¡ C 3„ . T k tn
cboose tke v a .í u .e í of rn , Al 4;^ fA e

d .e S ir e .c \ y a ^ iu e . o f 05^ . FCr\d F k e. dcL-yn p tV ^ co n sfa .n t
( Ct ) o r ; u f ‘« 3 Eg- (Es).
C o u lo m b d cL.mja i ng :
Fo l l o w "£Ae jsi-o c e c í u r e of â.r'fc(í’) ’t o ftVid fA e V c u lu e

of 05 n .
(b ) D enVe ex p re Jíio n fo r tk e e.fiuíycz.len-b torJion a-l v ís c o u s

clor-m pín^ con yta-n't' ( c -0 fo r Coulom b dea-m^Trig. tA iV
|o r e S f i o n J fo r Sm a-¿( cx-M o u n i:; o f dez-m-fa í n j , ís
C C- b ) e % “ ^ /i F CJn O | ' CE«p)
wbere ”Q — f n c t i ’o n f d a-r>> t o r ^ t 3 a-red

(3 = CLmjoli’t u d e o f o - riju t a r oSc i tLcL.F\'ons ■
(c) Xf ( c¿ ^ e £ l#s* be egua.1 to ( f é ) cr¿ = 2 ■»
We fin-J
T j» E » ° ( , f i r r t ) - - - f e )
2 -1 3 8
9
Let x = vertical displacement of the mass (lunar excursión module), Xj =

resulting deflection of each inclined leg (spring). From equivalence of potential
energy, we find:
kgqj = stiffness of each leg in vertical direction = k eos a
Henee for the four legs, the equivalent stiffness in vertical direction is:
kgq = 4 k eos2 a
Similarly, the equivalent damping coefficient of the four legs in vertical direction is:
Cgq = 4 c eos2 a
where c = damping constant of each leg (in axial motion). Modeling the system as
a single degree of freedom system, the equation of motion is:
nigq x + ceqx - f k eqx = 0
and the damped period of vibration is:

2 7T 2 7T 2 7T
Td =
V^V
T"
'eq
1 -
4 keq m^q
Using EOeq = 2000 k g , keq = 4 k eos2 a , Ceq = 4 c eos2 a, and a = 20°, the valúes
of k and c can be determined (by trial and error) so as to achieve a valué of
between 1 s and 2 s. Once k and c are known, the spring (helical) and damper
(viscous) can be designed suitably.
Assume no damping. Neglect masses of telescoping boom and strut. Find stiffness
of telescoping boom in vertical direction (see Example 2*^). Find the equivalent
stiffness of telescoping boom together with the strut in vertical direction. Model
the system as a single degree of freedom system with natural time period:
2 7T
rn = ------- = 2 7T
Wa
Wc + W f
V 300
m eq
k*q
Using Tn = 1 s and m ^ = ■, determine the axial stiffness of

g i 386.4
the strut (ka). Once k3 is known, the cross section of the strut (A*) can be found
from:
A . E9
e.
with Es = 30 (106) psi and = length of strut (known).
2 -1 3 9
Chapter 3
Harmonically Excited Vibration
(Of) s = = 4 H 5 = 0-0125 ™
w (t) srt = A = 60- - 0 -0 1 5 m

4ooo
(c ) j l = ( to o o ^ jiy A = Z8.01+J r a J / sec
03= G Hz - 37- G992 r a j/je c

i
i 1
X * 5 sfc / CJ \2 1 - 0-0 I b 1 ( 3 7 * 0 9 5 2 )2 - = 0-0185 m
A VMr) 1 \ 2 8 -0 1 4 -3 /
27T __ 2 TT ____________
0 3 0 9 " Z7T ( 4 0 - 0 - 3 9 -8 )
- 4 000 ty/rn * Tn r 10 'k g , F (i) ~ 4 00 C o S fo í N
F0 = 40í M , 09-10 XCL¿/s
vj ni " 2 -° r * * l /s , - 0,5 < 1
Responde ;s given fey ( 3 .3) ;
x fr ) - / "x 0 - ----?-----tCoS
) 09 t< *A-
„ * f + ^± n 0 45 4-t
) ^ 05
( -^\ S m - —
+ --------2* - C o $ C ¿ b
\ 1 c - m os' / n \ 03n / n fr-vr» OP
(* ) * 0 = ° ' I* ¿o = 0 :' (£ ' 0

Efi- ( £ * O become s
r.v C , 400 1 ., 4 00 ,
X [ 4) - ---------------7 r {r CoS 20 t + -------------- — C©S I* t
( 4 000 - / o ( i o o ) j 4 ¿ o o - / o (io o )
“ -o*o333 3 3 ce» S 2oí4-0*133333 C o S lo i (^ ‘2)
0 ) * 0 = 0, X 0 = 10 -.
Eg,. ( e » i ) b e c o me s *
, r 4 00 _________________
X (£) - 4 O - / f-C0S2o-fc-f- j£ sír) 2 o í
l 4 000 - 1 0 (ioo)) 20
H-¿ ^ ° ° __________ | C0S lo i

( 4 0 0 0 — 10 ( l o o ) I
= - 0*133333 eos 2 o í 4-0*5 Sin + o* 1333 33 coS lo t

Ce-3)
3 -1
(O x o = 0 ~'> *0 ~ 10 ■
C£i 0 Retomes
x(-fc) = í 0-1 ~ - 4 0 6 ----- 7— - 1 eos 2 o i + Si n 2 o t

[ ¿j 000 - 10 ( l o o ) ) 2O
(■4 0 0 -)
+ <_________________ _ S. eos 10
(.4 00 0 — 10 (loo^) j
= — o * 033333 tos 2 o 'b f o . ? i í n 2o *fc -f 0 •! 333 3 3 eos 1o*t

(£•4)
^ ” 4 0 00 N/m ^ to - (o ^ F (t ) r 400 eos 2 o í

3.4
f~o ~ 4 0 0 W ^ - 2o Is
“ ’« = J ¥ ' 20 ra:lA ' - i ; - ü = i
R e s jo o n s e ¡s ^íve^n b j E ^ . f 3 * 15 ) :
*(-fc) = X 0 eos W n t ■+ ô_ Sl-n & j. f £ fí _n^ _ s m

- i (e ■| )
GS„ 2
wkere Bst = = 4oo/ 4ooo = 0.,
( Qj) X fl = o . I , x Q = o :
■ ^ • ( F ' 1) 3<ves
* Ci) = 0-1 COS 20 í -f- Co l) ( 2 o ) 5 ^ 2o ^
= O. I CoS 20 i + t Sin 2 0 t ( e - 2^
(t) * 0 = o , x e = 10 :
f F -0 gívey
* (fc ) = ü - s ;n 2 0 t + ('0 ' - ) / 2 í -Sin 2o t
2o z
= 0- 5 57n 2 o t -+ t Sin 2 o ¿ (é*3)
(c) x 0 - 0 ’ l , x a = (o :
Eg. (£■ 1) giVes
x C-t) ^ o. 1 eos 2 0 ¿ 4 I | sin 2 0 t +( a - i ) ( 2 o ) i sfn 2¡j ^
- O'l eos 2 o i + 0 ’5 Sin 2.0 i + i sin 2 o ¿ 0 = ‘4 -)
3 -2
= 4 0 0 0 n/m j 10 K j , F (E )= 400 COS 20- 1 i N
= 40a N ) 05= 2 0 -| ra - ¿/ s , OS1 = 4 0 4 . ol Cra-^/í ) 2'
6¿, n " ^ á /a
S o lu lt on íS g iV6 n . (3.5)*.
x (t') = \ - - h .
i< — m 65 2O " * " " 4 +
■f- f -— —-------- £“ \ COS 09 í 'O

Uc-taCtfV
( cu) * 0 7= o . I , x 0 = O :
. 1) red u ces to
H ’ CE
r 4- 0 ó
Tí ( t ) :- > 0 - I - COS 2 0 i
¿ f OOQ - lo ( ’ 0 0.
+ ]f - ---
400 v ) C.OS z o . \ tI
(40 00 - 10 C 4 0 4 -Ot)J
0-075062 CoS Z o i - 9'9l5Q<oZ Cos 20*1 t ( e •z )
(b) * o ~ * 0 ' 10 :
Eg. (E :• 1) r e d u c e s to
r 4 O0 )
X (i )
' ~ lt,0 0o _ (o ( 4 0 4 - o 0 ) COS Z 0 Í + £ s;” * o i
c 4 o0
-f i ;-------- — 7--- 7--- r i co S 2 o •I 6
( 4 0 0 0 —10 ( 4 0 4* o 1) /
9 - 9 7 5 0 é 2 CoS 2 o t -f o ' 5 sin 2 o í

- 5.37506 2 c.o* 20-1 t (£-3)
Cc) X * 5 0.1, Xo = /O ;
Eg. (E: •1 ) g i y e s
4 00
4 X
X ( t ) = ¿0*1 - — 7 / Cos 2 o é + — Si n 2 0 i
( 4 00000 0 -- 10
i o ( 44oo 44 **0ol l) ) J
/ ’ wc/i> " ' 20
C
f 400 *
c 4000 - I o (40 4 l ) J CoS 20 *1*6
3 -3
= \0'OlSoGZ CoS Zo t + s in Z o i
- 5> S I S O 6 Z eos 2 o*| t
r . 4 = 4 0 0 0 N /m , m = 10 ^ j F (6 ) = 4 Cá,í ^
F¿ - 400 N , 09 - 30 ra .d / s , 0 9 ^ - -90 0 (Va,d f s ’) Z
u n- ^ = 20 r a d / s , = 1-5 ^ 1
Soluílori 'S given t y £^,(3.9):
x (- t)= O _ Ffl— - A c c r c*„t + Í e Sin osn t

V — rn 09 / 09 n
(B -0
+ ^ — r \ CoS 09*t
_ m 69
(^ ) 9t0 » o . | , ¿ o ~ o :
Eg. ( e . i ) y i e l d s
,, v 7
6 í70-1
* (* ) =
l
— ---------------- — ---- >• COS
4000 — |ó(9oo)J
20 tj. 4 4-00
oo
- coS 3 o t
0 — fo(9oo)
= 0*15 co 5 2. o ¿ — 0- 0 8 eos 3 o t (e . z)
O ) =. o , X 0 = ÍO :
. ( e . I) y e (e| 5:
/ 4 oo \
= - (4 00 0 - ,0 (s o o y 005 2ot + T 5 s,'n 20 e
+ ( t— ------------\ e o s 3o í
^4000 - lo ( 9 o o ) J
- o *o 8 eos 2o t -t-o-5sin o t 2 - o*oS coS 3oh Ce . O
(c ) *-0 - 0 •l j ¿ o =■ 10 :
Eg . ( E - 0 yfe/ds
x ( 6 ) = [ o ‘ | -— ----------- • \ e o s Z oh + — «ir» 2o i
\ hooo — io(9oo)J 2o
4 { --------------- 7--------r l eos 3 0 -t

' LfQOO — f 0 ( 9 0 fl) J
= 0-18 eos 2o 6 4 0 - 5 sin 20 í ~ o* 0 8 CoS 3 0 h Ce. 4 )
3 -4
25
S,t = 2000
T1c = 2 000 =
” ° ' 0125 W 8 i- ■C3 t
Steculy sieuke solu-h'on afc reson a,nce = x ( i ) =-- --- -— sin
= 0*00 625 C9nt S»nO„-t m
(Qj)f\b en d of ^ c ^ c le , G3n t = ^ and x Cfc) = O'OOGLS^K'j sin Z f _ 0-oo9?i7 m
(¿ > )A t end of 2 Íc y c le í, G9„t = 5 TT and x ( - t ) =. o . o < ? 6 2 5 ( n r ) sin 5 7T = O
(c ) At end of S-^ ^ cfes, G9 nt - | l i - r r and

x (t) - 0*006 25'( 7r) sín H i r = - 0-2258 w
A loo
3.8 j ^ ' = 0*025 w
-k 4 -ooo
1 O*o25
X = f— _£± = 1*25
>*• Wn X 2 o x
-
lo
3
-(# )*
C*5 1
= xj 1-25 = 1*5
<^n = <^í*5
m = vW -
65n = 7 =
: \/ s o o o / 0 ' - 22-3 607 ra-d /^ ec
^s-t = =. 2.5 o / s o 00 = o * 0 5" m
X = S* |
-L
z
i-e-, 65 - = 22- 3Go~7 l~I — 1
" " -X L o» io J
= f5*8N4 xa A ftec
3 -5
1c
f<Cz - ^
~ * * * 2 c. P*
fr
Forcé 'trcLnsmC'k-te.J -to H e m as? Fhroujh k2 :

Fft) F (-fc) = — Íí± — p ^ _ -k, te-2. ( Fo a?? c9-¿:
'k-1 -f~ k .
^2. \
_ Fe
— k- <5^^. ces Cút w A ere 5 y^ =
S-te-Q-áy shm be response Qg rn :
F*
x(-t) - - CoS
5«
c o i dt^'é w ítrA Fo = 'K =Íé'
3 -6
4c (x+ Ssir)
Let x. be m e o .í L í r e ^ W S in @
m tA e ip o s ib io n of
>
v n six z o ± « jU c l tk e /
Aj2Su,njj u m ^ th jL tcJ n J Z jl . 0
*T(ixa^S W c o í' 0
W = m,
*■ $ sh ~ * irx G
Eg u a / tío n oj? m o i f o n :
Y n o¿ = - je (o t- f- 5 ^ ^ +. W " ffi’n 0 -f F0 CoS 091
or
vn X -i- = F0 co? w t
Free Vi fe r o-'Ft’o n e.û.ojfe ¿m ,*g m i¿ 4 í< x - O

W.'tk solut.ton : C| OSnt + C2 Mn «„f
w :t t cjb = ( K /r » y .
O /í e s p o n s e ÍS :
X^(é)~ c, Coi 09^ t -t- C* Sfn C&nb
^ 1. C t) = x Or* 0 9 Í
Ia
U/Aere X = r> ( y * )
z
■/c— Vn Cc9
3 -7
(® 0 CS„ = 5 .2 . Hz = 3 2 - Í T ií ra -d /s
mg = 70 = 70 * 9 - 8/ w = 6 86 -7 N
Yn= 70 -k.j
■k
- 32-6726 - -¡O -k=- (áa>6 7 Z ¿ ) (l°)
- 7 4 72 5 M / rvn
<J>) 69“ 5.3 Hz = 33*3009 r c u d /g

B a /^ e e x c ífa -t i'o n
A rn jo h' -tu d e - Y “ ¿3 . I m
V ertica l o L 's | ^ k c e n n € h t f X ÍS 3 /V e n
1 -t ( 2- Y r )*
O ~)
( ¡ ~ r i ') + ( 2- ^ r )
65 3 3 •300 9
r =
*5 " — O ( Nlo C^CLM^ín^
E j.C O r e o lw -c e s f¿>
o* I
X = Y - o •1
L ( i - r ar
Q - r ^ 1 - (. O SS’ á7)
“ 2- 5 7 5 2 . rv
^ " X Sm (65^ — ^ ^ - V e r t í CoS oti'Sjo (a.c_£mervf 0 /

( fe r fa n
where ^ - fá^yT (o*) - o
= X Sin = 2 * 3 7 5 2 Sin 3 3 * 3o 0 3 -£• m
3 -8
P íof? of S'O tced víbrafron r^sjoonse:
@0 S$i = 0 . |, &5 = 5 , £ 3 x o = 0' I ^ ¿ a - o» 5
& , y = *■ ■ a y. » . « « «
X ( i ^ - 0 . I CM é £ 4 ? ■'— Sin 6 i 4 o •I j C-°- - - - ----- — —i

£ ^ 1 — 0*63 '
-X ( i ' ) = 0-1 co? £ ¿ ■+ 0-08333 s¡r> 6 ¿ 4 0.327 3 ( c os 5 t - cos Si)
0 )
(b) £<?t - I , 05=- 6 * 1 , C¿n = <S, <xo - o - I - O' 5
r V G5n ; - J = | . 0 33^1
/ xx ^ o -5 , C M (S-l i - C^5 é t ?
X (-fc) = O • I c¿7* é i + ° — - s i'n (S t 4 - 0 - 1 < f
e ( ['Q 33G \ J
.'. X (O = 0-1 co-í ( S t + 0-023^? Sm G t
- 2-S753 (coy í.| t — £o S <S i^) (2 }
( O 0-1, C^rr 5 . 3 , c ^ _ £ ? _ 0>|? _ 0 . 5
2 ros_ y _ as-s y
r KCSy, J - ) ~
X = o-l COS 4 ° ,? £• i p
6
^ 0*1 f C-°* 5". 3 t - COS 6 1 \
t - 0 . 9 < 8 £ 9 Lf /
*. x (t ) = o * ( CerS (o "t 4- o . 0 8 3 3 3 S *Y> £ t
4- 3 •o 2 ^ S ( eos 5 .5 t - eos Gi') (3)
3 -9
co ■
(i)X
3 -1 0
c q c D ^ f C N o c N ' T t q o q
o o o d o o o o
(l)X
3-11
v o o
l
3 -1 2
4->
O
“15
to
C
£
o
o
en
ÜJ
3 -1 3
MATL-AB ¡sro^ra-m
fu nction p l o t j a n l l
clear a l l ; c l c ;
f o r i = l :311
t ( i ) = (p i/3 0 0 )* (i-1)
x l ( i ) = 0 . l * c o s ( 6 * t ( i ) )+0 . 08 33 3* s i n ( 6 * t ( i ) ) + 0 . 3 2 7 3 * ( e o s ( 5 * t ( i ) ) - e o s (6
*t(i) ) )
x2 ( i ) =0. l * c o s ( 6*t ( i ) ) +0. 08333*sin (6*t ( i ) ) - 2 . 9753* (eos (6. l * t ( i ) ) - e o s

( 6 * t ( i ) ))
x 3 ( i ) = 0 . l * c o s ( 6 * t ( i ) )+0 .0 83 33* s i n ( 6 * t ( i ) ) + 3 . 0 2 4 8 * ( e o s ( 5 . 9 * t ( i ) ) - e o s
( 6 * t ( i ) ))
end
p l o t ( t , x l , ' k - 1) ; ho l d on; g t e x t ( 1x ( t ) _ a 1) ;
p l o t ( t , x 2 , 1k - . 1) ; h o l d on; g t e x t ( ' x ( t ) _ b ' ) ;
p l o t ( t , x 3 , ' k*— ' ) ; g t e x t ( ' x ( t ) _ c ' ) ;
xlabel ( ' t ')

y l a b e l ( ' x ( t ) ')
end
3 -1 4
O O
P e r i 'o d of - o* 5 ^
Pc-ríod of O * ( ld-'t i"o 10 rr o >0** A
F.*nd i 05* , 09 •
F reûehcy of feeo-Ft'vag = Cc9¿ = O ? * — OS
P erT ool of b e a -ti'n o - ~ ~ ~ — — , ...jLT^____ - o>5

GS>*~ 02
° r 09* - 09 r 4 t¡- ^
P erT oJ of o ^ i 'l l c d r i b r v ~ . 0 ,0 ^ %
27T ^
^ G*r,~ 777i = 4 0 TT- re U /j (O
Eg*- C O C^) 3 «Ve 05- 3G 7r raA/x ♦
3 -1 5
(^3J5^
yr\~ 10 0 -k j , k - 4 00 H /m > f f O = Fo CoS 0 S Í )

Fo - 10 N
Cao 03= 2 r a -A / a , 03n , J J ? = J ± °J L = z
x (. m = ( F% ) .
r-------------------- -:-------- 5“ co? 051 = ¿30
I- ( "/a O *
(_b) 09= 2 r o - d /* , 0 9„ = 2 ra.d ¡ A > Sj¿. =■ = o- o25 m
r = «■»/«„ = 0 -2 /2 - o . , , r *- o . a l
= _ O.o2 ?
, ^09 a 2. ~ - 0-0 2 5 2 5 rn
1“ Vo7 h ) l- o*ol
'X p C -t ) - o .o z 5 25 CoS c-zh m
Cc) 20 r J / ^ , r= -^ = _ |0 ^ fl= ,o o
S,. = JA _ lo
* A ô = 0>o25 ^
__ Ss<: _ 0*025
~ -------- 777----------T ~~ *= - 0 ‘ 0 0 0 2 5 2 .5 rn
i - ( " / W ) I — IO o
^ p C*t) = - 0 - 0 0 0 15 2 5 c o i 2.0^ m
3 -1 6
Equivalent stiffness of wing (beam) at location of engine:
© k —
forcé
deñection
3E I
€z
3 E (— b a3)
V12 '
4£
,
E b a3
2
2 7T N m r 7T2 N 2
Magnitude of unbalanced forcé: = m r w2 = m r
60 ~900
33 33
Equivalent mass of wing at location of engine: M = mw = (a b ¿ p)
140 " 140
Equation of motion: M x + k x = m r w 2 sin co t
Máximum steady state displacement of wing at location of engine:
m r 7T2 N 2
900
m r
X = 2
k — M oJ2 E b a3 2 7T N
^ ab £ d
4 ¿3 140 60
m r / 3 N2
22.7973 E b a3 - 0.2357 p a b ^ N 2
3 -1 7
Rotating unbalanced forcé, m r w2, can be resolved into two components as:
© Fy = m r
F¡ = m r
cj 2 sin tu t (parallel y—axis)
eos cu t (parallel z—axis)
Máximum bending stress at A:
"do
m r w2 R
M ,l - =
t)
0.1
(0.1) (0.1) (31.416 ) (0.5) ( - j - )
= 8.5124 ( 104) N /m 2
— (0. 14 - 0.084)
64
Máximum torsional stress at A:
m r cu2 R
-Jt.
M, A
¿ ( d í - d t)
= 4.2562 ( 104) N /m 2
Total stiffness witb steel specimen:
© = kx -h k 2 = 10,217.0296 + 750,000.0 = 760,217.0296 lb/in
Forcé in specimen due to magnets (static) due to elongation X = k 2 X.

Forcé in specimen due to a.c. current in magnets (dynamic) due to elongation X
keq X - m (J X.
k, X
Ratio of stresses = = — í.e., = — .sp
2 kgq - m (J 2
750,000.0
í.e., 40
760,217.0296 -
386.4
Squaring both sides of this equation and rearranging gives:
107.1225 cu4 - 15.7365 (108) <J - 167.207 (1014) = 0

or cj2 = 0.218378 (108) (positive valué)
w = 4673.0935 rad/sec = 743.7442 Hz
Equation of motion: nieq x + k ^ x = F(t)

3 .1 9 ) wêre meq — niass of valve and valve rod plus mass of spring at end
(20 H- (15/3))/386.4 = 0.0647 lb-sec 2/in.
= 400 lb/in, F(t) = A p(t) = A p0 sin cu t = 100 (10) sin oj t = 1000 sin 8t ib.
Response of valve (steady state) = xp(t) = X sin 8t in where
v 1000
X == --------------------------- = 2.5261 in
400 - 0.0647 (8 ) _________________________________________________________________
3 -1 8
(a) Equation of motion:
© m0 x + k ( x + x 0 ) - f m 0 g = F c; x > 0
where F c = forcé exerted on the follower by the cam, m 0 = mass of follower plus
(1)
one third the mass of the spring, and Xq = initial displacement of the spring.
(b) Forcé exerted on the follower by the cam: U (*■+ r -0 )
Fc = mo x + k (x + xq) + mo g (2) ^ *
i
with x = e eos cj t. ! j
m
?
(c) Condition under which follower loses contact with the cam is when F c is zero and
x is negative. Equation (l) can be used to state this condition as:
k (x + xq) + mo g > |mo x | (3)
Tur¿i'ne
§ , =1 StadríC rcuJlaA Ai'sb ¡a^.eme.n't
© S-t
of sha-£-b u n d er
k u r b ín e
I
w e íj U t o f
777-
8 = ra-í A e .fl c c b o n of s h a - fi:
d4u-8
rínEg l TO'tojb ior\
=■ S'tí j ^ n e s r a -f cen^rectiy
L o C L . d e c( s r ím fb j S U -ffo r te A
be.CL.rn
. ? s-b
m $ q$ z — je £ 8 — S s±\ or m CS — fc
or
fe ,)
Srt je. — m CS'
~ T fc
C ritica d speeJl \S 0 5 (Crt <&0
cribiCaJ. SpeeA ■= of opera-finy sêed,

( E^
VrrT
Here = 5o 0 / 3 F6 . 4 = 1 '^ 4 ° & -s/?n
Ctnd 05= 3 000 ^ 2_n7ô = 3 1 4 ’ 16 raJ(/sec
F or Solíd sbecfé (séeel') 0 j! olio, m e t e r d curuÁ le.r>j h n,

£g. ( E 3) 3 ; ve?
3 -1 9
4 SE T
^ _ 42 £ x _ 4 - 8 ( SO X 10 ^ ( S - Z o o Z } .. ,
— 71“ - ------- ~ 0 y ---------------------- =
Q0 7 W . 2 W Lk/\r\
m= 500/?^^.^ = 1*2740 l ¡ D - S 2’/ ¡n
^n- x / iy ^ T = v/ 7 4 ? 2 * ¿ í t f / l * 2 7 4 0 = 7 ^ - 0 7 /7 ra .J /r e c
p i. « >1 « 1 o * 5" ¿¿ —?
t ¿ c e n t n c it r v - r = 2 ín . eccen tn c m a -s ;= 7 i0 = -7 — :—
? a b ,¿i ,n
fca -J ía J fo r cé J[ue te eccen 7n *c jticí-s’j r e r o n a -n ce
= F0 = m0 r 65 = Q ¿ . ^ f t ) C 7 g - o 7 | y f = 14 “? • 7 6 5 4 ¿¿
L e -t X(£) — r a íiía -l ol*'S|bla-¿-emen.-t oj? tu r b in e .
At r e y o n a -n c e , . ^ 3 * Í 5 ^) <îves, for X 0 = x 0 = o ;>
X (-f) = JL. Sin C^-fc
where Srt = -~ = >¿f? = o . 0 2 Ín

* 7 4 3 8 -1 8 8
TÓ c u c t i V a -te 4Ae (i‘ m»'"t sw itc h x ( t ) = 0*5 ¡’n • a-ire/ Aence
0 -5 = X ( ó - o Z ) ( 7 b - 0 7 1 7 ) -t Sin 7 6 -071? t
C' e *> t Si n 7 é * o 7 1 7 t =. o * é 5 7 i CE í )
' ( ^ 0 í's’ SoíveJ trioÁ cuyisÁ error ^ a- ss u m i n j vaJLu-eg
t = 1*0 , 0 *9 , o - ? , 0 .7 , e f e . ) 0-8
_______________ -¿7 £ o « 6760 sec . _______________________________
Tito locud = o*l ^ ^ m ayí = = __ _£li__ = 2 - 5 8 8 x 10 ^

r £A-sV*n
X =r J - 2 ) ( o * 0 5 )3 = e * 0 , f 3 3 xio * in4
3 -2 0
*
-fe = Ü £ = 3(3ox<og) ^ 0i(ff75 ^y.
* 0°)3
-5
m = XDCZ'S^ o f b&eum = O 'Z til f |0 x 0 ,2 X 0 ' 0 5 ) = 7* 3 2-4 x/o
X
i 1
-fe o ’ ¡8 75"
G3n =
m n -f o- 2 3 m
-(í-588-h 0*7324) )0 ** J
("3*éS) ^ ív e s
2L _ f i-f T r )2
Y
U «0-“ r2_) Z + ( * 7 r)‘
i*e*, -f . (2 x 0 'O< r )
Z.5
= 50 =
0»O5 (t —r 2-^ fzx coi r)
í-e-
r + _- !• 9 3 3 6 r 1 + o *3 33 6 - o
i-e • r = ^ = 0*3333
CS - 0*3339 Ct3n = 5-64^3 r<a^ / 4 ec>
Equation of motion for rotational motion about tbe hinge O:
(J0 + M <f2) 5 + (kx a2 + k 2 b2) 9 = F(t) ¿ = F 0 € sin cj t ( 1)

Steady state response (using Eqs. (3.3) and (3.6)):
0p(t) = 0 sin co t ( 2)
F0 €
wbere 0 = (3)
(kj a2 + k 2 b2) - ( J 0 + M<f2) <J
, m <f2 , ¿ v2 1 m
and J0
0 12
Hm (— ) — — m €
y2 J 3
(4)
For given data, J0 = — (10) ( l 2) = 3.3333 k g -m 2, co = 1QQQJ - - j - = 104.72 rad/sec,

3 60
and
3 -2 1
500 (1)
0 -------------------------------------------- — = - 8.5718 ÍIO"4) rad
5000 (0.252 + 0.5 ) - (3.3333 + 50 ( l 2)) (104.722)
Eqnation of motion for rotation about O:
© T Vi . 6t €
J0 Q = — 1c —4---- 4
i.e., Jq O 4-
9 Z£ Z£
4
k ---------------:-----f-
- k / f 2 0 = Mq
x,
Mq cos
COS CJ t
cj t
where J0 = — m <f2 + m ( / = / m <?2 = / (10) ( l 2) = 1.4583 k g -m 2

12 4 48 48
and cj = 1000 rpm = 104.72 rad/sec. Steady state solution is:
0-p(t) = 0 cos cj t
where
e = ---------- — ---------- = ------------------------- — ------------------------- = _ 0.007772 rad
— k e 1 - J0 CJ2 5000 (— ) ( l 2) - 1.4583 (104.722)
8 8
■{<= 4 0 0 0 N/rn , m -|0 , C - Qo NJ—%/rn } F ("t) = 20 o Co S l° t ¿

F0 s z o 0 N j c¿> = (o rciA f s, x 0 - o ■ / (20) = |S. 2 3 S 1 H S rcLi¡/s
- ^
X - ' H / j í - r ' y + f s r f = ------------------------------- —
{ ( l - 0 . 5 1 ) 2 + (2 ( » • ! ) ( » ‘ O ) /
— 0•o £ 6 O 8 2 m
( l “ 0 = W ' ( 2 = °-'3 2 5 ?2 ra j
sle stacbe rssfjovise^ Eg . ( 3 * 2 5 ) :
(*0 = X c0 $ (<Jt
~ C ’ 0 GGO $ 2 coi (1 o í — 0*132552^) m
T o ta l resfanse* Eg. :
3 -2 2
* (t)= coi ( M j t _ + x Ce-i)
U s in j ín it i’ a i C o n d lít » ‘o v is *© a-n J , E g - (^ '0 3 *ve s
X o = X 0 0^5 ^ 4 X C¿5 ^ Ce * 0
or X 0 c*5 ¿ 0 ^ X 0 - K c^5 5¿ (e - ? )
= - 'y G9n X 0 CoS 4 - CcSj X 0 Sin ^ -f- 6 3 X S in ^ CE ‘ ^ )
or X o s in <f>0 r X 0 C<rf ¿ D - OS>X * / « f* J* (E * O
For kttOUJn vcv I lcCS., (E •3 ) ¿ x n j ( E •5 ) ¡/ielJ
X 0 e o s <f>Q ~ o 'O l 'i'iS Z » Xo sín ^¿s ~ " 0-000322
Fíe h ce ±
* o = [ ( X 0 te* ^ o ) + Cxfl S m ^ f ^ = O.o 3 i,5 l o
^ = t a . * - 1/ " X ° Sm \ = _ 0.o2 6 7 IO
V X„ coi )
TÍius the totícl response, £ g . ( E - 1) 3 w' ^
— 2 f- N.
X (i)-o -o 3 if5 (o e COS ( t + 0-C 267 ío)
4 o .o < S6 0 $ z coS ( l o t - o - 1325 5 2 ) m (e*0
te r 4000 n /td i m = 10 «2 , C = 4 o N - $ / m > F( i ) = 2 0 0 coi \ó t ,
■ l y F° = 1 0 0 N > Cá= 10 fa - * / s > «o=o. - í g - io m /s

From So fu tra n of P rob lem 3.2 6 3
y t o - I, = ,9. 3 5 3 7 ^ 3 r a .d / * , f : 0 -5 ; X = o . o 6 g o S , 2 vr)J
j¿ = 0*132 5 5 2 ra -J
^■p ( t ) “ <?*o6£o82 C o s("/o i- o * 132 5 5 2 ) tyi
X 0 coi / o = x o "" X ¿oí 9 * = - O 'úí55o2
x » s;° ^ - ¿ r f * ° + ’r Xt,u,s^ w x ^ ^ = 0,431547
Xo = { ( X e C 0 ^ 04 + ( * 0 Sin ¿o)* } 2 = c ^ 9 S 3 3Z
fa^ ta.y>~' f % ° S'n \ = - l-¿t?83 20

\X , coi ¡ ¿ 0 /
3 -2 3
TÍius He -to ta l response., • 0*35^), ,s 5 ‘V e n ky
2_ £
* ( t ) = 0^495g3Z 6 Cos ( 1 9 - 8 5 3 7¿f9 t + i'¿ il$ ? Z o ')
+ 0 ‘ 0 6 <¿OSz c o s (i¿> £ - o •132 5 5 2. ) mr>
k = 4000 N/íy>, rr» r lo , C : 4o N - S/m ¿ F (t) r 200 eos 2 o t
F0 = 2 oo M , Cfl--2 o r a - J/ s , x 0 - 0 ., m , c = O
Wn 5 J ís ~ 20 fCLV s ' Sst = lf = ~ ° * o5r

r = Sl. - & _ 4 o ____________ _
c¿ 2 \fk"m' 2 \J 4-00 o ('lo') ~ ° ^
UjL = y h - rT 65n = v/(- o .I 2"1 (20) = I?* m 7 4 7 r a d /s

Cl9
r --á T n = 1
_ Ssb Q‘ ° 5
{ W + w } * _
(7 7 7 T } = ' ( « ) = T
s t si ate resf»oní€ , (3*25)-.
X CoS (cát —^ ) = o-25 eos ( ¿ o t - 2 1 ) m
Toicul responde, Eg. ( 3 . 3 5 ) :

— 7 Cí5 i
* (t) = X o <S n Cos ( ^ t - y V ) 4 X eos ( e á i - ¿ ) (e .()
UsíVij the rnii ia-í. c o n d i t»,onS’ euni • ( ' £ • 1') g iV c j
Cc,sí o = *0 - x Cos i =■ o •I - 0-25 COS 1 r = 0 *1

2.
X 0 Sin - - £ j - | * 0 +■ T X e CO? 0 O - os X Sm jzí 1
di ^
= (o 4 0-l*Z0 *o-, _ 2 0 * u . 2 5 *- Si n r
- _ 0 '2 ¿ /I2 0 ?
Henee X a = f ( X 0 c Oí ^ a ) 2 + ( X e sin j z = o . 2 g l l l 7
. 5¿e = ^ - ' C 4 ± _ Ü 2 J Í p \ = = _,.177753

\ X 6 COS 0 O / \ o ., /
3 -2 4
ToiaJ. response ¡
- 2 t
X (t) - e COS ( 19. § 9 9 7 ^ Í + <• 7 7 7 8 2 8 )
+ 0 -Z5 co s ( z o í - } m
3< = 4000 n / yhj m - 10 , c- 40 M-s/tdj
F (-fc) - 200 eos 20 t N, F0 = 2ocj N 3 C3- 2 oreut / s

x 0- o , ¿ 0 = 10 m/ s
Fr¿Jrr> Sú Luir i o n o ¡- T r o Werrj 3.28*»
Y = 0-1, - 20 TCl Á/ s , 05^ - 1<?»899 7l{ 9 rcLcI /s J r = |

X -- 0 - 2 5 , £ = ^
x C t) = 0 * 2 5 c o S ( 2 o i - ^ ) rn
~yc0 <pó = X 0 - XI eos }ZÍ = o - o = o
X 0 Sin * , = ( * 0 + X D o r f S¿0 - C S X *fn 4 }
I (0 + o-1 * 2.0 * O - 20 * o ‘ 1 5 * S ín ~ ^
11 » 8 9 9 7 V*?
~ a*Z5l2éo
Henee X 0 = { (JC0 coS ^ ) 2 + ( X „ sin <?0) Z J 1 =o-2.5/2éo
£,= fea.* = (.5 7 0 7 9 3

\ X a
. ¿.os
eos /
T o i:o J \-esbonse:
. X
x ( t ) = 0 .2 5 1 2 6 o e Cos ( 19 •8?9 7¿f 9 i - 1*57*79 3 )
f o-25 eos (Zo t - ~ ) no
3 -2 5
( 3 30 ) m = Ib—sec2/in, F(t) = 200 sin 100 7Tt Ib. Let X maI = 0 .0 5 in < 0.1 in
386.4
(máximum permissible valué). From Eq. (3.33),
X ma.x ^st = 0.05 (1)

2 CV i - f 2
F0 200
Let £ = 0 .01 . Tben d3t = and Eq. (l) gives
êq -êq
kgq = -------------- 7^22-------- = 20.0020 (104) lb/in

2 (0 .01 ) V i - 0.0001 (0.05)
Since shock mounts are in parallel, stiffness of each mount = k =
“eq
= 6.6673 (104) lb/in.
'eq -eq
V 2 k^ m
or Ceq = f V 2 keq m = 0.01 \ / 2 (20.0020 (104)) (-225L) = 7.1948 lb-sec/in

v 386.4
and henee c = —— = 2.3983 lb-sec/in

3 '
Equation of motion for torsional system:
© ..
Jo S + ct (6 - ex) + kt (9 - a) = 0 (1)
where 9 = angular displacement of shaft and ot = angular displacement of base of shaft

= a q sin oj t. Steady state response of propeller (Eq. (3.67)):
— 20 Yn • 3 0 TO---------
/ i
o>2m sl nauf h 1
3 -2 6
0p(t) = 0 sin ( c j t — 4>) (2)
k? + (ct
w h ere © = Oq ■ (3)
(kt - J0 J ’ )2 - (<H w)!
-i Jo ct ^
and (j) = tan (4)
kt (kt - J0 oj2) + (ct w)!
Here J0 = 104 kg—m2, £t = 0.1, and cj = 314.16 rad/sec. Torsional stiffnesses of shafts:
7T
(80 ( 109)) (0.64 - 0.44)
32
<h Ji = 27.2272 (106) N -m /r a d
(k t)i =
A 30
(80 ( 109)) £ (0-44 - 0 .2 4 )
( k t )2 — = 9.4248 (106) N -m /r a d
20
Series springs give:
= W l W * = (27-2272 (1 ^ )) (9.4248 (10°)) _ ^ . N _ m/rad

(kt)j + (kt)2 27.2272 (106) + 9.4248 (106)
ct - $ (2 V Jo kt ) = 0-1 (2) V ( 1 0 4) (7.0013 (106)) = 52,919.8624 N -m -s /r a d
From Eq. (3),
(7.0013 (106))2 + Í5.2920 (104) (314.162)

0 = 0.05 2 7
7.0013 (106) - (104) (314.162) + j5.2920 (104) (314.16)
= 9.2028 (10“ 4) rad
(104) (5.2920 (104)) (314.163)

(f> = tan- i
7.0013 (106) 7.0013 (10S) - (104) (314.162) + (5.2920 (104) (314.16))2
= tan-1 (59.3664) = 89.0350° = 1.5540 rad
3-27
For mcocímum X , —^
= -S U - ¿ 7 r~ r ^ Á ' í 2(l' r l)(' 2T) + 2(lTr) flT)]
dr st 2 f ( i - r x) + (Vr^) \
= o J
- 4r 2. \
( i_- r z ) t j r l
2
2 =o
t-e •,
t*e «í = V i-2T
s st sst
X
ai r= /lTIT? [ { i - (i-211) } 1 + ( í T J l - i T 2' )*] V* ^ ■ f^ T 2
X
^s-fc jmají 2 'T \ /i-
Ünder a d.c. current (I) through the coil, core rotates by angle 9. Torque developed due
© to I balances the restoring torque of spring: a I = kt 0 where a is a constant and kt is

the torsional spring constant. Under an a.c. current I(t), torque developed is T(t) = a
I(t) and the equation of motion is:
Jo $ + 0 + kt # = T(t) = a I(t) = a Iq eos co t (1)

Steady state angular displacement of core:
#p(t) = 0 eos (oj t — <fi).sp (2)

a Iq
a Iq
where 0 = (3)
CO
l(kt — J0 cj2)2 -f- (ct co)4 l - ( — 2 <r —
CO )2 +
When co = 0 (d.c. current) and Iq = 1 ampere, Eq. (1) gives
Sdc = = 1 (reading corresponding 0 dc)

kt
and henee a = kt = 62.5.
When co = 50 Hz = 314.16 rad/sec and Iq = 5 amperes, Eq. (3) gives:
a (5)
■j- = 1.9386 amperes

0^- = ~T
^2
314.16 314.16
1- + 2 ( 1)
250 250
3 -2 8
where J0 = 0.001 N—m 2, kt = 62.5 N-m/rad, = 0.5 N-m-s/rad, and
u;n = -j- = ^~55 T = ra(i / s* The steady state valué of current
indicated by ammeter = 1.9386 amperes (this shows that the ammeter is not accurate).
X res _
Eg. ( 3 ' 3 4 ) :
tú = Q9n T
Ss-t
a Tí^ b ) = °*°4 y Ce . )
% - ( 3 •3 o ) : J<_ = 1
r = ° ,75 = ^ :
Sy-fc
o*oi 1 . _ _
«.•e (Ez)
Sst \¡ (\ - o - 7 5 1 ) 1 ■+ ( z •j*o.-rs)1-
% y- ( E , ) o-nJ ( E z) 3 !v e
0 ‘ 0 \
O ' O ^ ' r S¡ 0 '|? |íf- f 2.2.5 y

í-e-, o-mz* -f 2*25 y 2 = /é y 2-
¿•e*' y - o * \ \ 8 o ______________
f 3 3 5 j (bo) ETguaJrt'on oj? m c tC o n o f ma,ss: cz x ^_

m
(y-k)
••
i*e-, ln X -f- C c, -b ^ z ) K fcz x ■= c, ¿ = -c, 09 Y Sin G9Í
■*. ^ ) - - ( C‘ M V * >0 ---- - Sin (c<5r

, x — ^^ )
v / 0 - r O 2 i- C2 ^ r )T 2Tr
where r - , y = ( c ., + cz) r ^ ctncj ¿ = iajn (y y y
(*C^) siea -< £ y - s ta .b e . fo r cé. ■brcL.nsml't-be.c! t o p o ín t : P :
= i¿ z cz
- fsí» fa t-s¿') + C^-CS. cos(ust-fi)

________________J ( ! - r * y + ( z r r f l _______________________ ^ __________________ J
3-29
£gua--(r i’or» of mo’ti'oni
X f 2 ^ ¿ ■+ C*9n X = So CoS G S t ( 1 *)
(í ) *>{ecuSbj záfete ?ie¿âoTv¿c t

x^ (O = c, Ü7S Cá-t + C2 ACr> 69 £
i (- t') - _ 05 C , S in 65-fc -+- 05 C£ 03 í ( 3 )

/»
x (t) = - GS* c , caiCS-b - OS1 C2 -*m ü i (4 )
A
Subst» ■fr“ 'ke C O - (4 0 »"n E ^ - 0 ) i
( - c / c , + 2 y es* 6? c 4 + 6?na C, - j?o ■) C<H¡ 65¿
+ (-0?1 C2- I T M ^ Cl + 09* C^") Sm 05>¿ = o O)

S’ínce Eg» f 5*) ÍS VaXccí edi "fonje, -fc^ foe C ae£f-t'cí& Y \í 5
of CoS Ci5-t o-rvvrl Sm 691 m u S-fc be zieroSo "th cu t
c , ( - 05% CO
c , ( - 2 y Wn GS>^) + C2 ( _ 6S2-f OS^f ) = o (7 }
T b e S o lu fto n o f ^ s>‘ C O C 7} te g te e n by
c = « - O £ , ____________________
( c * , * " - o ? 1 ) 2 + ( 2- v & t ¿ „ y ^
(z 1 «„■) í 0
2. ~ * (9)
B y Aícístiiu'hí^j (rgtf* QjjnJ ( 3 } m E ^ , COj» We

obtfitin
-f- --------- - S in CS t
(C5n2- 0 5 X) 2' ■+ ( 2 ^ CS
Q ¡J T o Í clL response o f ffre s y s h e m :
x(i) = 4- x ,(t)
= /A eos 05nt 4 3 S in o9ni 4 C{ orf c s t 4 C 2 ^ 'n
qjylcI
¿ ( t ) = - AM« S l ' n ^ U W h B coi Wnt
— C , 09 s (s i 4 - C2 CS CfirS ( s b
L e í tfce m í t í d i . OmjAí-^fer>v5
9< C o ') =• X c
Oa u }
iC O =
£ ^ s' 0 O cxnrvd C.|l^) g/Ve:
A 4 Gi — ^ o
0 * 0 ojvJ ( i O 3 'Ve ;
Ci9n B -f G? C , ~ ¿
o
E ^ - ( l S ' ) CLnnJ Q é ") 9 »V e
A = - C,
B - ( ¿ o ^ C £ ) / / ^5n
or
(t d ^ — a O ) í c
A = *o ~
( & V - C ^ ) 2* - f ( 2 ’r 6 5 ( ^ n ) "
B_ ¿o_ _ G9_ r C2-^ ^ ^ ) £>_____

w" a5n ) 2 • + C2- y 65 “ » )
Thus He to tcd response oj2 H e System ¿e
^Kfressed (e $ -0 0 ) :
* ( í ) = X _ r C6 9 » ~ &
CoS Ldt
( v * - o ? 2- j 2 + ( z ^ es e s» ')
x, 65 (2 r (J U n ' ) ío
■+ Si n 691
C^r» ( r . _ 2. , 02- x 2.
O * ~ 69 ^ + ( i ^ 6 5 69 n ) '
+ CoS 69 i:
(& > „* -« * )* -f ( 2 * "<**».) '
(2 ^ <U9 ) í 0
+ Sin Cát ( ¿ 0
( ¿ 9 nz - c.s1 ^ 2’ + ( 2 Y w ^*0
3-32
g ^ u c J tió Y i> o f v n o fío n ;
m i¿ + k x =r F cas ^ CO
U /^ e r e
3 EX
k- = 00
^ S S U m m j tk c i'níbíaJ. csrr^J U cyr^ ¿e zen s ^ ¿ ^
ttTe r e s p o n s * o f #re v » 'd e o c a m e r a . cam te e x ^ » r e s s e d l,
f rom Bg,* (^ 3 í3 ^ )^ °~¿
xQk') = (u r S 05Í - ao$ C&n t ^ )

-je — m C3‘
V° ^ ( o ¿ C¿>i — O r í C2„ t )
O '-
ÍL — 65*
Vr»
#•©
(^ O ji L á i - ccrí
2 2.
ü „ - »
2 jo
Sin Sm 00
0 9 / - Í132
Tl~juS "f/\e rncDCimum a~vn jdi’f u d e of V¡1>T'oÁ’iori of ffre Video
Col-vt» ercu ís g iV e n ty
2 A
9C
6 9 / - ^ & )
D esígvi reguírement ís;
2 So
rn^-X < 0*0 0 5 rn co
0 9 nZ - 6 S a
T ^ ís I&a J s' ib 1mjo cqJ&4 :
C cO e 1 :
2 J-,
< o *o o 5
, 2. a
6 5 » / - 69
3 -3 3
Usmj t h e 3 «Ven Aceto, ,
yn=2 fcj, z 25 N í 05= 7 5 . 37 m A / j>
ío ~ t r - 12 ' 5 » “ «1 = P^- = \l ~o-5 ~k
Eg ■(&) 3 iVe s
o>oo 5
o» 5 'k — 5 6 8 ¿f •
or
0. 5 K - 5£3¿f . 3 2 > -
o»oo5
^ - So a o
or
0,5 * > 568^*92 — Sooo-o
or k ^ I % 6 3 • 8¿f M/m
for Af^mínum f ut u /a.r roctP
-k = 3 C 1 - 3 C7 J * i d A r
£3 - 3 ----------- > 13 é ? ' S 3
* (§'5 )
er IS<£?. S í/ ( O . I2 5 ~ y _ 8
2: - — — = 0-08 o 3 3 xio
2 l 3 X 10 9
s , w r , I d t ,
o
_sL — ( o ar d = lo t
rkeh r = J E ( j o ir* ) 0 o 1+*) ~ 3SS- éa 7 ir

^ — 8
:2 0 .0 9 03 3 X16
{"e 'J > 2 -o 2 &&9 x I Ó IZ
ir > 1-19 32 x io‘ 3 m c | . | ? 3 2
/. d =" M- ? 3 2 Vnm =11-932 m no( a .s s u .r n e J.'}.
3 -3 4
C c u se 2 :
2 S'o
r* < o.oo 5
C S ^-C ó
2. f 1 2 * 0
or ---------------------------------- < o» o o 5
o > 5 -k - 5 £ 8 1 * H
or 95
o ,5 K - S& 3^-9H > — 50 0 0 *o
0 » 00 5
or o.5 ^ > / o , fiS 4 * 94
or 2- /, 3 £ 3 • £ 8
-k = 3E J = 3 (7 1 x to9 ) I ^
/ 3 (0-5)^
or 2 J, 3 6*» 9 2 (o. 125)

I >
2 13 X io*3
- 8
> |»254l * 1°
Le± - J- = ÍO*
4. - 8
r — 3<ié * <£27 *t ^ 1*254/ tú
u - (2.
re-? t 3 1• 6 1 ? í x lo
- 3
re, -t > 2 ‘ 5 7 13 X lo = O o o 2 3 7 1 m
OuvuA d > 2 3 * 7 / mun
Ffnccí c u c c e p t^ b le olesígn:
■fc = 2 - 3 7 1 rnm o-n d cd = 23*71 mm
3 -3 5
M i •= Mo COS 0 9 1 y =r 4-
Egucdrícm 0;f m o ii'o n ;
T0 S + cf e -f (* ti + k u^) Q = m (¿) = mo e o s ¿ s i (O
For Ure gi’ven ola.'tas , E ^ . ( / ) t e c o m es
0*05 0 -f 2.-5 8 4- 7000 0 =r 2 0 0 c o S S o o t (2 .)
Ste.a_Ay ^ fo -fe fuL%ffc-n¿¿- cyj. f£re t u r í i n e r o t e r üa-n t e e x ^ r e s S c z A j
s i m i l a r fe ^s» (3.2.5-) ; ( 3 . 2 $ ) C3 , 2 9 ) fer a,

ForSi Ona .1 S y s t e m , a£
0 (t) =■ © a r f ( &» f c - y! )
where
Mo
© = — ------------------------------- : — -— — O }
- Jtí 6 3 ^ * + C / c / j ¿
and
C{
* ’ ( t ^ ? ) CE)
For + h e j \ ' v e n ola.ta .,
- o . 05 , Mó = 2 0 0 ^ = 7000 ; - 2 •5^ 03 = 5 o o
Henee E^s- ( 4 ) (5 ^ g f v e
200
© =
[ ( 7 0 0 0 - o*o5 X 2 5 X I O ^ ) 2 ^ C 2 » 5 ) 2 ("2 5 - X /o^j> ]J ^
= 6 - 28 68 x io ^ r a .d
3-36
2• 5 x 5 0 0
cj> = fan.
7oOO — o-o5 x 2 5 0 000
1250 -v , —i
^ - 12. 8 0 4 3 o = - 0 . 2 2 3 5 ra,cj
3 -3 7
6¿- f o -c t ó r = 1200
M ^ tu r a i. - fre ^ u e n cy = 69„ - /ooo Hz = g 2 8 3 >2 ra J / ¿
Q ~ ¡i— - |2. (70

2 ^
qip — —-—■ —- — o »o o o 4 “ ( G> *7

2 ¿f 00
3a.nd wj'd'fÍT ÍS g iv e n b^ E^- ( 3 » 4 5 ) :
A CS = G9Z ~ G9\ 2 ‘y 65^
2: 2 ( 0 * 0 0 0 4 ( 6 7 ) (& 2 83 »O
^ 5*2 3^ r * A ¡A or 0*8 3 33 Hz
3 -3 8
é g -0 -3 4 ) J ív e s ( 'i.A = J _
v 5st / 05 = 05„ ZT
rf X = jy x ™« = -L- x l , E o.(m o) 9«Ves-

w2- I 05=C*5n
i _1_ _ 1
^ 2T J ( l - r í ')z + (iTr 'y
Sgu.cw*t'ng a_nd rea.r ra-n^ írt^
8 Y1 = ( l - r iy + 4 T*Tl = i - 2 r 2 + r4 + 4- r 1 T 2'
r+ + r 2 ( 4 T z- z ) + ( 1- 8Y 2) = o
r 2'= i - 2 T 2 ± 2 T \ ¡ í + r z'
M egiec-tm g t e r m í ínvolv/»ng -^-2. ^
r * = -i r = 2T
Lc-fc 03 = 69^ uken ri = 1 - 2T and 03 = 692 wken r 1= ± + ZT
CS* - 63* ^ (09^ 4- G9i) ( C3t - ¿ J i) ^

69 z ^CJ2 + C J i Y
692- 63*
fcí= T l f d* = ^ (7 J z \ t ) L° ~ ( & y = l9 9 3 0 - 3' w - rtA - J
“ "= = f i I ¥ F = 4 4 ' ^ 34 raJ/,.c
= M'bo/ /-f<^ - i0a(y /l S 3 3 0 ‘ 3 1 = O’ O S o Z rcLci
“ ---- —------ = - a- 3 3 6
ZJ-0 cán 2 (/o)(4 4 . 64^4)
(C£>) £ $ *( ? • 30 ) , u/ken Wr£ér-£er> f o r a. Z O r s io n a X sys'hem , y ív es
® i _________
% y^-r3-)1-*-O
2*O1'
e-v ( z/ s i - Z 3 5e)
0 , o 5 02 y (i - r i ) 2 + (2 x o - 336 r ) 2’
<-e., ^
r 4 - 1.. 5-4 . s»4 r
- 2 - /-oé 7 ? = o
•e., r Z = 2-o655 , - o- 5 I T /
09 = r ^2 - 0 6 5 5 ( 4 4 * 6 4 3 4 ’) = ^ 4. «|6 r a J / s e c
3 -3 9
O ) / W ímum torûe. '¿'rczn S foí-bb e.c£ to bhe s u -^ o r t :
/*<. ( - t ) = * t e(t) + c* ¿(t)
- @ O rí - ^ ) — ® 63 S in ( )
W )™ i = /íV ; & y + '- t ® 'J ) ‘
-/? /? « ”-' Mar,)}1+ {.»»

= 9 6 7 •2 N-m
Compete solution ís x = xc e 7^ eos (45^ + 0O) + X coS (ta t-¿)
03 = IT T ( 1 . 5 ) = 2.1. 3 3 12 r a A / * m , (A - J E « J l £ £ 2 = I S . 8 I I 4 ra A ls e c .
C p. /c0 ^ v " N lo '
S^ = 4 - = 4 H ó = g *°'72 -
-r- _ *-______________ ----------- —— _ o . 14-23 r — ^ _ 2 1- 77 12 _ i.aoQ j?

^ - T ^ T „ " 2(10) (15. S 114) > T * ü?„ - - f j,l|7 ¡i -
7G 9n = 2 - 2 5 , CJ, = / 1 - T 1‘ C0n - 1 5 -6 5 0 5
£ sfc 0*072
X =
\J(i- »*z) 2 + (2 T r ) ^ Q t - l- 3?o82 ) 2 + ( 2 * 0 - 1 7 2 3 * l*3?Off)ZJ ^ 2
- O* 0 7 0?5
¿= W_1 flffO = wl (r S í ) = - « -« S I *
2» 2.5 t
x(-fc) = x 0 e* ürf ( l 5 ‘ 6 5 0 S t + f * ) +. 0-07075 arf (2 I- 77f2 t + 2 2* 75"?/0)
- 2 - 2 5 X0 6 2 ‘ 2 5 t f l 5 - 6 5 0 5 t - f - _ | 5 . 6 5 o5 X0 5 2 Z 5 ^ ^ ( Í 5 ‘ é 5 o 5 t - t- ^ )
- 21-7712 (0 -0 7 0 7 5 ) ( zi - 7712 t -t- 22.- 75 7 )
x ( o ) = 0 -0(5 = X C*5¿e + 0 -0 7 0 7 5 arf 2 2 -7 5 7 (°
X ^ o = — o •0 5 0 3 3 ------- (£ l )
¿ (o ) = 5= -2-Z5 X 0 -15-6505 X 0^ <fi0 - l'5 € o 3 /*Cn 2 Z ’ ^ g<?í

,. , - O . GoSG - 2-25 X 0 urf ?í0 — 5
X **0 = — --------- ------------------------------- = - 0 -3 5 11 ( E 2)
15 -6505
E&á . ( E f ) and (E ¿) 7 'v e
j/j
X0 = [ ( - 0 . 0 5 0 3 3 ) 2 + ( ^ « o - B S í í ) 2- | - 0-3547
& = W 1 f Ü ^ S )= 6*3750) = 5|. 842.3°
3 -4 0
(a) E g.(3-38) 0* 2 _ 2
$ÍV€S
*y * ( o* 1
'* ^ = c?*25
( i ) EfiS • ( 3 . 4-2) ytel d
(ñzY » i - z f = 0.5 CJ± =. <¿n J o ^ = ( 5 xzTT ^J^J"

= 2 2 * 2 14- 5 ra-cf/sec
6^2. \2-
— ) ^ i ^ T = 1*5 092 = 65n f ¡ 7 T = ( s X 2 TT) JTT7
_________________ = 3 g « 4 7 £ £ ra,¿/sec.
Amplitude of yibration under base excitation:
V k 2 + (c u) 2
X = Y
jk — m cj2j + (c (¿y
(0.2) V k 2 + c2 (.157.08)2
= 0.1 m (1)
k - 2000 (157.08)2j + c2 (157.08)5
Let k = 5 (10 ) N /m . Then Eq. (l) gives:
V 2 5 (1012) + 2 .4 6 7 4 (104) c2
= 0.5
\4\ ¿~2
\ / 1966.7717 (1012) + 2.4674 (104)
i.e., 1.85055 (104) c2 = 466.6929 (1012) i.e., c = 158805.0 N - s /m
k2 + c 2 c j 2
X 7T .sp
Y k — m o j 2 I + c2 c j2
(106) + (103 (200 7T))J

T5----------
10 - 6
or 5000
Y 10° - (200 tt)5 (103) (200 7r)
9.81
or Y = 169.5294 (10- 6 ) m
Equation of motion:
í e J L 3 ^ 8J 3 e = Mq cos
Iq ® k-
4
e T+
^ *
c — 0 — + k —
4 4 4
cj t
o
or I0 g + c £ _ é + Í - k ^ z e = M 0 co3CJt
16 8
3-4 1
where Iq = f m (— )2 = — n n f2 — — (10) ( l 2) — 1.4583 kg m2
12 4 4o 4o
— (lQQQ)_(j^)_ __ 62>5 N—m—s/rad
16 16
— k = — (5000) ( l 2) = 3125.0 N -m /r a d
1000 (2 7r) __ ,¡
u = i = 104.72 rad/sec
-
60 '
Equation of motion becomes:
1.4583 9 + 62.5 9 + 3125.0 9 = 100 cos 104.72 t
Steady state response is given by Eq. (3.28):
0p(t) = 0 cos (w t — 4>)j= 0 cos (104.72 t — 4>).sp

100 = 0.006927 rad
where 0 =
3125.0 - 1.4583 (104.722) + 62.5 (104.72)
62.5 (104.72)
-i = - 0.4705 rad = - 26.9606°
and (p = tan
3125.0 - 1.4583 (104.722)
m = 100 kg, F0 = 100 N, X max = 0.005 m at cu == 300 rpm = 31.416 rad/sec.
© Equations (3.33) and (3.34) yield:
(X)
uJn V l - 2 52 = ' \ / ^ " V i - 2 J2 = 31.416
= <
(1)
or k (1 — 2 f2) = (100) (31.4162) = 98,696.5056
1 Fo = 0.005
1
2f V l - f 8 “ F*-
k 2 ( V i - í2
or k cV i -c 2 = , 0—r = 10,000.0 (2)

S b 2 (0.005)
Divide Eq. (l) by (2):

1 - 2 C2 = 9.8696 (3)
Squaring Eq. (3) and rearranging leads to:

101.4090 £4 - 101.4090 ^ + 1 = 0 or $ = 0.0998, 0.9950
Using g = 0.0998 in Eq. (l), we obtain

98696.5056
k= = 100,702.4994 N /m
1 - 2 (0.09982)
Since £ = we find
2m
100702.4944
c = 2 m Wj C = 2 ( 100) (0.0998) = 633.4038 N - s /m
1000
3 -4 2
B, Sin
F* . Fjr '•
re a c tro n í
a-t O Tn
*+TTTC X
Equation of motion for rótation of pulley about O:
— k2 [9 r) r — J0 0 — ki x (2 r) — c x (2 r) + F0 sin üj t (2 r) — m x (2 rj = 0 (1)
where 6 = x/(2r). Equation (1) can be rearranged as:
Jo
--------(- 2 m r x + 2 c r x + 2 kj r + — k2 r x = 2 r F0 sin üj t (2)
2r 2
For given data, Eq. (2) becomes
11 x + 50 x + 112.5 x = 5 sin 20 t (3)

Steady state response is given by Eq. (3.25):
xp(t) = X cos (u t — (¡))
where X = = 0.001136 m
112.5 - 11 (202) + 50 (20)
50 (20)
and (f> = tan 1 = - 0.2291 rad = - 13.1287°
112.5 - 11 (20 )
(a)
2 M q = 0 (about hinge):
3e
Iq $ + k Q + (c e 9) e = - F0 sin üj t
4 2
or Iq 9 -f c 0 + — k £2 6 = — — sin co t
16 2
Magnitude of steady state response:
F0 £
ea = / — k í 2 — Iq w2 - + (c <?2 üj)2 (1)
3 -4 3
P>)
2 Mq = O (about hinge):
3( ( _ . ,
lo ’d + (k € &) £ + = — F0 sin tu t
4 2 0
Fn €
or Iq 9 H c<f2 9 + k 0= sin co t
16
Magnitude of steady state response:
\2 2
F0 /
©b = / k<?2 - l o ü / i + — c ¿ 2 OJ (2)
2 16
Usually, c is small compared to k. If the term containing c is negligible, © a will be

smaller than 0^,. Henee arrangement (a) is desirable.
3 -4 4
cct io n oj motion:
-r- ** * r ^
0 •+ 0 = e (O
Let tfce p a rticu la r solu tibn ¿e :

C*S"t
©j, CO = © e‘ CO
S u ts fifu jib n qf E^ -O ) •«'fe» Eg • C O 3 'Ve S
/^ o
@ =
(3)
*é - 3"o
a r ^ - M o 4' w í
F re q u e n cy re sp o n se *.
Eg. ( 4) Ca_h te r & u / r £ •t t e n o¿
_ = ------------- — h (*°0
CO
Mo i - rz
- com ple* cfregu en cy
r^S jpon se oj- “/F e S ystem

K/here
J*. c o
^ 05n '
Jv/cfte.: H C^ íS n o t Cocn jp>l^)c. be-CaûSe dQ -m pi'naj
rs aksent •
3 -4 5
Eûcukiort of moii'on :
Yni + C¿ + X =r f (t) O )
por g iv sy \ d& 'ÍG ' ¿ Ep • CO fc^ ^ e s ~tke -fo r m
150 i - ■+• 2 0 0 0 ¿ -f- ¿ 5 0 0 0 ai =r l o o Cos 2. o t (2 )
~[~he CoJ. yne't'K od indícaJreJI (Vi fy j, 3.|3 oa_H ¿ e
usej -fe jW ffce Solufion of Eg • ( 2) . /V0f ¡ n j H,o±

•ft-t s f e o ^ s fo te v J a e í ^ j ¿ p , M 'U te
otJ : o f {abase w r f t e a c t o f fe e r ty 9 o f e ftre y a -r io u s
terms of E7^ * CO c a n be sh o u ih g r r x -fh ¡ c a l ( y (in fr e
c o m |»Ux. |d(clyi e. ^ ■
B lj CLSSumín^ f£ e f o r c í n g f u n c f i 'o n aJ!>
í « 0 = ^ e iCí?t C^>
Conl^ rea-^ jpa-r't ís given fn . co )
a-vxd tfc e s o l u t i o n as
* (C xB 't - 5O
*f(t) = X e C
4)
C on (j r e a l jsocn't n e e d s fe te con sid era d for
ffre jolufíon of £ g - C í ) ) J w e ¿jtfáLjn

¿- ( C jS t c o s i*
yn 0 5 X + 005 X -E X y g ~ í0 E (ir)
-pbe v a r i o u s 'fe.rms 0 f •Cs } C an b e J ,h ou iri
rjra-jpVii colija a i md.icaJre.Jl telou/.
3 -4 6
N oh 'n g r ta -t tfre r e a i p o_rts o f c^rr-ui X^> cu re
^ iV en by
X ^ O ) = X co s(n 2 ^ 2 . 2 . 2 -v2 , 2-
f0 - (^C - nn C£ ) X -hCC aO X
íV o r n ilre frra - n g le OP^)
or
C ío)
X =
- Vn C92-J)'Z - f (C 05
a,n<
Cü5
fa n ^ = or
W ' ( ^ ) C l)
•k — m 05
3 -4 7
l/ S fn g f A e K *o u /n c U to , , c o r r e s p o in e t i V i j +¿ E g . (2 ) ,
^ • ( 1 0 ) om xl 0 0 J iV c
loo
X -
2 5 00 o - 1 5 0 X ^ 0 0^ ^ - ^ 2 0 0 0 x 2 cT)
100
- o >O 0 I8 8 I m
\J¿ 8 - 2 5 X io S
1 —I /" 2.000 x 2 0 \ / - ' í A

= t o - 'n ( --------------------------------------------------------- j = i o -r n ( - \ • l¿ t 2 8 J
V 2 5 0 00 — (5 o x ^ 0 0 j
= - 4 8 . 8 1 4 1 ° = - 0 * 5 5 2 . 0 r»J
H enee ir h e s fe c u ly sto d r e S o lu t i'o n i's jiV e n
oc^C-t) a 0 * 0 0 1 8 21 CoS (^20 -t o *8 5 2 0 *)
3 -4 8
£(t) =z * ^ ( t ) = A coS ; £(*) = A £4'n -I- s,
:= - - A COÍ 0 ? ¿ + B, t + Bz ^ * (t)
A szurninj y (o) - y ^ C 0 ) =■ o J - U le g e t
^■(■fc ) = — A j- C o i 09 £
S^Lta-'ti'o'n of rr\oi:íor\ -
to x -f- -fc ( * —,£-) = O
f M •# * .
t,e° tn + k frzz-T r,# --..^ 3C ( t ) = _ m A C o S
u/Fere ^ - x - y
So luir fon ¡s : __m A ces c&k

H * ) -
IA cr-í 09-6
m co' -O
C9?
From Solutíon o f p ro b lem 3.52,

- mA S ir . 09 F — ■ r Sin 69"t
-fe- m 052 09¿
- 2 0 0 0 (-Í2 S -0 io<?\ I
v fOOO ' Sñn 2 ? "t — Sin 2 5 t
0OO (2S );
O*i * / o e - 2 .0 0 0 ( z s )
For m O-X i m u m oc(-t),
x ( f c ) = 1
^ Sin 25¿ - — 3*335/ x (o S in 2 5 t m
(-T /5 x /o ¿250
ifía-xrimcim íiortôn'¿£L¿ d is ^ o x e m e n i o / ¡f lo o r = o *3 3 3 9 mm
3 -4 9
*-£■) 4 * (* - '> ) - - m ^ =-rn ( £ ,)
re = x-pC-k) - eos c&-b , o-r^cP £#• ( E / ) b e co m es
m + coseré u/lik ^ - x - ^
<7
S o lu -b io n is : 2 , .
_ -m a9 X^. co* 69-t ^ r co t
- m o9 z 1- r z
wítF Q5 - f*T' _ foiTx~¡o^n
" s j^ í ' ^ ó ' = r a j /s e c
an.J r= = 2 o ^ //5.g/,4 = (2-64-31
f l 2- ¿ 4 9 12 ,
l iooo i ? — f r COÍ 2o o t = - c ? . o ! 5 o 9 eos 200 -b m
1- 12*643*.'
*(.■ £ )= (.k ) -f- ¿ , ( 4 ) = £o* o 15 cpr 2 o o 4 — feofSo*?! a?s z o o £ J- -m
/ , /\m ^Lí t u d e of VibrcL-bioYi o f f l o o r = o*o3oo9 m =. 3 0 - o 3 m m
_\ Time Í5úze.r\ by car to 't r a v e i ore c j c í e ________________ _________

3 .5 5 j , _
(35 m .) .iS z " ' t ° ' 2>n - 2 Y
------ --------- ■-j- —7-
~ _ 3? X 3 6 0 0 I
0 2-1 ^C. L----- 3 5 rn ------- >
60 }< I0 OO I
E x c i t a t ío n fregweney = c3 = -r-? = 2 - 932 . r a d / s e c
69n - 2TT(z)= ( 2 . 5 6 6 4 fod /itec , r = = 0-2381 , T= 0-15

AmflitM.de of v/ibreLtton of ca.r is îven ¿>^ £ 5 . ( 3* 6 8 ) :
X _ f 1 + ( 2 *3*r ) V*
fe )
Y L
1 ( l r- r 2- ) 2, 4 (2 T r ) 2-
14- ( 2. X 0*15 < 0-2381 ^ "J 7 2
X = o -i
( A - 0*23 S I * ) 2, 4 ( 2 * 0-15 < o . 2 3 8 i ) z J
= o* 1 0 5 9 77 m
Tê m ost w n fo - v o r a d le Sêed c o r r e r p o n d s -¿o th e. mczximuvn oj^
y _
ín Eg. ( £ f ) . For m a.xi'm urn 0 / -y u/i'fcA r e m e t í: 6á r ;
JL r 1 4 4 £ z r 2-__________
cír L í 4 r ¿,- 2 r 1 f 4 T 2 r 1 J
í*e., (i 4 r ^ - 2 r 2+ 4 ^ zr ^ í g ^ Z r ) - f f 4 4 r z r z ) ( /4 r - 4 r + y t 2 r ) _
0 + r ^ — z r 2- + 4 Tz r 2) 2
í*ev _ 4 r ^ 2 r 2.r 4 + r z - i ) =- o
¿•e.> r= o or r 7~ - ~ ( ± ' J ! + s 'S‘í '

4 -rz
3 -5 0
F e ^ S .lp le v a lu é of , _ _ f + J\ + g ( Q- {^ z
r ~ =0 -9 5 8 6
4- ( o - \ S Y
r - = 0.9731
09 = 0*9731 ( f 2 .5 6 6 4 - ) = 1 2 ' 3o 3 5 r a d /s e c = -^r
W^ e r e ^ = 3 1 : ? /0P0" ««I ¿ = ¿ p e e J «./ ca-r i- ÍTny^r.
¿ = l 2 ' 3° 3 ? z ^ . 3 5 x 3-S = 246- 7279 fe ^ / / r.
E g u o tfo n S (3 * 7 3 ) and (3 * 6 5 ) ^ iv e ,
ft = W x = ^ ‘ y r i + n /:
( i - r 1) 2 + ( a O 2
Í~T _ T*C32 |~ 1 + ( n Q 1 ~j ^
fcY * L( l- r 1) 2 + ( ¡ T r ) 1]
i + ( í T O 2 iV z
= r 1 r—
+ (2 T O 2
£ 0 .(3 .7 5 ); 7 r í^r + £ ¿ ' + * £ = - ™ j ¿ = m o 9 i Y c o S a><:
©
Slecuáy - s b a l e solu-tion is:
2 n -') -
^ ' "7
mcú^Y
(f< - m ¿ 9 )
17
eos (c ¿ t - 0 , }
-+■
7 7
(c o9)
=
_
Z eos
^ , N
WÍ-ere y} = -fcxn~Y ~
A -fe- rmCS^ /
Da.nnf>¡nj fo rc é = c i± = _ c03 Z íín (aS-t-
—
En erg y aJ,sorbed per c y c ¿e fcy ¿/,e c?«-mf>er (E > s
E = f Z lp t ^ . f 27r>
^7.0 C dfc' ^ J { - C 6 Sz ?,*„ (c^t - ^ í)||'-69 Z Sin
a
- r ZlYÁ 3 z
— c. 03 Z J sin2‘ (c&t —tff) <íb = 7 T c a9 Z
o
Since Z = m ( d L Y// ¡ J ( f c - m 092-) 2 + (e o s)2 ' >
7TC 0 9 C m Z 0? ^ y )
E =
( ^ - m 691^ 2 + c 2' e s 2'
F or m ct-X im u m joou/er <d£ _ 0
dc
3 -5 1
i* e. - m (S %!) 7‘+ C-Cá Z j i m 2' Y ) — 7TC rn~ y ("" 2. C 03 1
- o
i
\ - m 09
r
e->
- (
-k — rn 03
65 V
x(-fc)
— € 9 — x(t). Equation of motion:
3e e 3t
-x (t ) (i)
where lo = — m í 2 + m ( ^ ) 2 = -J - m ( 2 = - L (10) ( l2) = 1.4583 k g -m 2

12 4 4o 4o
Henee Eq. (1) can be rewritten as
lo 9 + 0= 4* k ^ xo sin t (2)
8 4
»
Steady state angular displacement of the bar is given by Eq. (3.6):
e = fk^Xo
4 / —
8
k ( 2 - lo W2 (3)
(1000) (1) (0.01) / 7 (1000) ( l 2) - 1.4583 (102) = 0.01565 rad

8
and henee #(t) == © sin u t = 0.01565 sin 10 t rad
Equation of motion:
_ -¿ , te ft. e h í t\ . 3e 3t
ic « = - k — (7 ) - c - e(T ) - í 9 — x(t)
i.e., ‘ + ^ k t 2 = ^ k t x(t) = -5- k t Xq sin u t

Io'9 + - ^ c t 2 9 (1)
/?2 = - í - m € 2 = 1 - (10) ( l 2) = 1.4583 k g -m 2 (2)

■where ln = —— m e + m
^ 12 48 48
3 -5 2
i h _ x (i)
Using given data, Eq. (1) can be expressed as
1.4583 6 + — (500) ( l 2) 6 + — (1000) ( l 2) 9 = — (1000) (1) (0.01) sin 10 t

16 8 4
i.e., 1.4583 9 + 31.25 9 + 625.0 9 = 7.5 sin 10 t (3)
Steady state angular displacement of the bar is given by Eq. (3.28) with:
7.5
e = = 0.01311 rad
^625.0 - 1.4583 (102)| + 31.252 (102)
31.25 (10)
(/) = tan- i = 0.5779 rad
625.0 - 1.4583 (102)
.*. 0(t) = 0 sin ( u t - (p) = 0.01311 sin (10 t - 0.5779) rad
Displacement transmissibility (T):
1 + (2 f r):
T = — =
Y (1 - r ) + (2 f r)‘
For máximum of T,
dT 1 1 + 4 f2 r2 2
dr 2 ( l + r 4 - 2 r 2) + 4 ( 2 r2
1(1 - r2)2 + (2 S r)2 (8 f2 r) - (1 + 4 f2 r2) [4 rs - 4 t + 8 J2 r
= 0
( 1 - r 2)2 + ( 2 f r ) 2] ¿
This equation can be simplified to obtain:

(2 ? ) r4 + r2 - 1 = 0
Solution: r2 =
- 1± V i + 8^
á -d
or r = rm = V - W l + s / ^ l
2 f
3 -5 3
FuUy L p gL cfecf
10 0 6 Uo - Sec 3000 ib - sec

Tf,ss 37^1 " '3 , - É > g 5 3
m= ■32-2 ~ 93- 1677 —
i*
Speed V= 5 m p i- ij a - n J
w^ve ler>g*tli 12.

C 3z ZTY ^ =: 27T / V _ 05 - 4 2 - 2 3 7 1 rad/sec
36oo 12.
= 4 2 ' 23 71 TO.Á / s e c M - 3oooo LL/ fb
i< = 3 0 ooo ^b/î

T = o-2
T = 0-2
3 o oo o
ü9 30 ooo
v te = 93 . 1 6 7 7
« ' J 2
’ w * NIf 31
e
. o5 5 3
= 17-3444 rc^cf/sec
- 3 | . o So 5 ra.J/sec
r_ 05. ^ 4 2 - 2371 r - _^L _ 4 2 -2 3 7 )
k5* 31» o í o 5 T T T ^ V
= 2 -3 5 3 s
- 1 - 3 5 30
c 2 2
( 2 fcj’ r ) Z = ( 2 *fl' 2 * 1 . 3 53o") (2 7 * r ) ” ( 2 *- 0 ' 2 * 2 - 3 5 ? s )
^ 0 - 2 9 55 = o ' 2264
O - r ’ ")4 *' O ' '■ ^ 5t»°a ) 2 ( 1_ r ^ ) 1 = ( , - z .i s s s 1) 1
= 0-717 O
= 2 f 6 i4r I
S \2 _L
jc.
Y "
£ 1+ ( « T O ^>z
je _r i-t- o t o 2-
J_
i
( 1 - 0 * + ( z y r )
J_
y )*+oro
I+ o ■2 9 5 5 2.
14- o - 9 36
O 7 / 7 0 + 0 * 2 9 55 } 2 0 - 6 / 4 1 ■+ 0 - S 96 4 r
' I» 13 I I
= 0-2962
/\n^p(»’t u d e of v i tra^VoY» o f Arnplrtude of V\ b r cuh'or* of
a-u.Vc> m 6 b i le ís m a ^ n íf i'eJ by ocu.t’&rn o b i lgd/míní 5hedí ís
Qj fc^cJCjo r of 1-13 1/ by a, fa~ch >r of 0 -2 3 6 2 .
3 -5 4
^ VnaSS tS 9 'V e n ^ Eg '
X = C S o f yi
Y = Í f K - „ „ * ) ‘ + ( c . * f i ( 0
U íírtg “tíre 3 »'v e n Aata^ ?
)( - 0.05M; Y = O•O) ín rnz: 2 5 k% p 1¿~ Z 5 0 0 N /m ,
W = 6SM = \ ¡* - = 10 r ^ / s
B g ' C O CQL.n be e x ^ re s s e d ¿2^5
X \ 2- X o.o5 n* Z500z+ C^ClO )

Y y \ 0 *0 i J . 2.
2.
[ 2 5 0 0 - 2.5X106^) + C 0 ° ° }
cnr ¿i z
£ l 5 x/o •+- ío o c
25 - ---------------
IO O C2-
2.
or ZSOO CZ = S 2 5 y / o 2* + ro o C
z - 2, — G 2 S y . i o ¿i ^ , >s s
OT C - • — 2 0 0 - 4 * l ££> 7
2 .^ 0 0
C — 5\> o ? [O N -t/ y r ,
3 -5 5
Equation of motion: M x + c x + k x = m e w 2 sin u; t
where uj (j. 7T).. _ 314,16 rad/sec, M = 100 kg, c =

= 2000 N -s/m , k = 106 N /m ,
60
m = 0.1 kg and e = r = 0.1 m. Steady state response is:
xp(t) = X sin (cj t —

m e
where X =
(k — M w2)2 + (c cj)2] 2
~j 1Í52\
0.1 (0.1) (3
* ' — = 110.9960 (10- 6 ) m
106 - 100 (314.162) + (2000 (314.16))5
C CJ • 2000 (314.16)
and (f> — tan^1 = ta n 1
k — M w2 106 - 100 (314.162)
= - 0.07072 rad = - 4.0520°
•fc =: Spr i rx j con S boL n í of

T ai L s e c tio n
( 3.64 ) C&x\~b¡Leve.r be-ojm C ^ e i f tra-Sí = Z¿iO
0- 15 m
- 3J=JE_ _ 3 ( Z‘S x 10^ ) E I= 2*5 MN/m , f = o - < 5
a3 ~ ^
=O •(172. x 10 3 N//W)
n
! o • 1172 x/o
x /o'
G3„ = / --------------------------
W Yn, - 4 -0 - 2 5 r n b .1 s ' f l - 3Í-2753 r ^ d /s e c
20 4 o
6> - 2 TT O 5 0 0 ) / ^ a =r )57*o8 ra J / sec
T ~ 03/09^- 1 5 7 *08/ 3 8 ' 2753 = 4-1040 , r*- = /£• 2g

Forcee# res p o n s e is 3 ¡v e n J»y . ^ 3 *7 3 ) :
(*) = X Sin ( c ¿ t - <¡¿ )
u/lnere m <2
X " Wi J d - r 7- / + (£ T O *
p .g )f¿ H g ) (G>8*Z8
zo \J (\- (C-Sttzs'f + (2 x 0-15 X 4 -/ 040)

- 3
- 3-9747 X 10 m — 3-3747 mm
3 -5 6
* - S i , S+O N/yn
“ "= / ? = ,4,76+" r^ /r e c 1 a s = i Z £ L!^

/ 5? 3 . ? £ — 183* 2. £ r //re
* c
^ C d -n
'n 1¿+-1 G4 2
I / , . - it i A . <3 l 2 *4 - 1 2 .
"1 “ " /. ¿
r^ = /54.oS£¿
( ¡ ) Amplí-fcucle of v/ira-hon
^ _ m e ______ r z __ a.<5r is-^.os-g^
^ y O " rX) Z + ?*0 7 (iS 3.o5éé)z + o
-4
- 3 - 9 7 3 2 xiO **»-
( l i ) Fo r c e tra ,r\s x r\'M c .4 to jro u n d
= fcX = (8Z#4o) ( 3 - 9 7 3 2 xto*) - 3 2-9/40 M
£ = J— f o « 5 ) ( o * i ^ 3 = 0 '4 / £ 7 x io ^
— 4\
>92- g t _ 1 ^ ( z . q 7 ki o" ) Q ?>4<g'7 * 10 ) = 1.324? x i o 7 u / m
** (S)3
^ "» “ /£ - = / - • * + " * lgf ' = 4 ZO- 23 S 6 ra-A/sec.
L3 - zT v(izoo)y/ ¿0 — 1 ¿ 5 ’ C£4 ra -d / sec
r= = 1 2 5 * 6 6 4 / 4 zo *2856 = o *299 , r z = o*o894

A m p L 'b u d e o f stea-dy - S-bcube. v í b r a u t i o n ¡S 5 <Vfin ¿3 E^. £3-30)
with *5* = o :
X =
r z- l | t je r2-- |}| (}*324 ? XIO7 ^ ( o - 9 I O £ }
- 0*4/45 x l o ? >ri
(f c ) U sín j bhe e ffe ctiv e m a s r d ue ¿o s e lf t o e i'jh t o f bca-m

(fot a- ccLYxtíLe.ve.r} to y/*.!cd -Acre ouiso 3
u „ = y
V
=+ O»£2-557
z rm
u/Aere / l = tn a ír oj 1 m o - to r = 7 5 fc j , a .n j
w= ma.« of ¿ea.m= (5r,e..s*o-0r 7g.S- x,o3 U (9A9# „ „ fctl

i 7----------------- r .9-s> I / <7
r =
y
I 3 *24 ? x (O
75+
= 125*
_
( 1 9 4 ? . ^ 3 I 3 ) C o' 2 3 S 7 )
66-4 / 5 7 . 4 3 3 3 -
“ *57*4339
0*798Z ,
ra J/s e c
r 2= 0*637/
3 -5 7
Sst Fo 5000
X= r z- <1 -fe | r * _ 11 ( l ‘ 3 z 4 ? x i o 7) ( o . i É z s )
= 1-0400 x \o 3 m
Let k/ic/tt =. o *5 m a-nc{ ’thíckness’ — "b m .
IS^ H t3=| ^
-k- LEÍ = 3 (z*Q7 x to11) ( = 2 - 0 7 XIO3 t 3 n/-*
(5^
y/l-f* 0 * 2 3 5 7 m 3
w A e re m = > n c Sr « / te a -- ( 5 X 0 .! » t ) f — ,7 ^ ) - < » « * ■ * '*
"fe?
2 * 0 7 x (O8 fc3
75 + o*2357 ( l ? 4 ? 5 - 4 l i )
= = Í25*6é4 I 7 5 t 4^?S-*o6^S> *
V 2*o7 * <o8
«kfc Frt
X =
ri_ 1 I
5 0 0 0
«*e.,
o*5 =
(a.oTx.o* o í <j 25*< « « ) * r . n i . ^ - 1 2
‘ 2 * o 7 x í o 8 -fe J
*•«•> 1*3/ 0? *10* t 3 - * 5 - 3 5 . o é ? t -7 ^ .3 6-7= 0

By ¿r¿ai error, éhe V a -^ e of £ / ff -founcí cUJ
t s 0*6 m •
Sin c e tki’s* ¿S -too lauree, Wfi ca-n ?ka_rt u/íéA a* « e w iWelfif í u c A cu*
Í' O hi.
= 6 ( G o o o } -=- 3 6,000 N /m
Wn = '/ * / " ’ ' = y / 3g 0 0 0 / ^ '.| ° ^ y = 2. 4 . z e ti r a -d /s e c
r = = /0 4 -7 2 /2 4 .2 É U = 4-3164 > rZ = IS-63M
X _ ----------- ^ ----------- _ — m ° e ^ k v/A e re m 0 = U n í a - l n - n c e - i in a .fi

* I r 1 — <( -fc I r z — t I d e = e c c s .r \ - b r C c i b y
3-58
e-> -3 e ( /o 4 »72.)
2.' S x lo —
ooo I 17-63(1
i-e.
Wj, e = O* (A 4 7 k^-m
/. Un b cL.la-.nc. e = == e = o . / 4 4 7 f?< g i ) = 1-4(95 N - m.
IOOO _ n . ca o I b - s' _ 2 T r ( l £0 0? _ (5 rad
09
m- I5 T ? ■ 2 ” B <n
--------- <ro
FoSS'ible i' so ta -éo rs at u -: (,') k = 4 5 ooo /¿/íy, , T = o
(n) -k= 9 0 0 0 0 lb / ‘n , £ = O
Ó» ) k = 4 5 ooo ¿ ¿ //n , y = O' I S
(i*/) 90 000 Uo/C t\ , r = o '1 5
We wi/í co m p a d re irb e f o r c é tr a .n s m is s i'b ílí'b i'e s o f th e s e . CsoLcukorS.
F o r c é ■b r o u r \ s m \s s ¡b i l i b y = = J 1 -fr (2. T r ) 2-
v ( i - r 2-)2 -+- (-2 r r ) 2
(O 6? = = ±5000
2-588 = 131.^34 r a J / SiSc
Y ' <*/&„ = ÍS7' ® * / m - «§>634 = h t?IZ > Yz = l-4l?o
Tr = T ¡7 ~ — -a = 2-3*66
(i — ir I 0' 4í ?
6*0 67 - ÍJ o o o o 1
— 18 6 - 4 8 1 9 rcucí/Sec
2-5*S> '
r- = 157- o 8//¡g6 . ¿ttgl5 - o-<
8 4 Z3 r = 0-7095
Tr = = 3*4423
I 1- r z l 0 - 2 9 0 5
(¡i!)
= I 4 5 00(7 ' = 13 i - 8 6 5 4 ra A A e c .
V 2-58?
r = I9Í2. , r 2- - l-4l9o r = o-i5
I -fr- (z * /- 1 9 / 2 X 0 'I5 ) :
Tr =
= 1-9282
Q - 1- 4 1 9 0 ') -h ( z x | . | ? I 2 x o ‘ 15)
(ív ) 65„ = 186-482.4 rcA/sec , r = o*3423J r z = o. 7o35 ; T-o-15
1 4- ( z x o- 8 4 2 3 x o- i s y
Tr = - 2-6789
(í- Q - 7 0 9 S ) Z + ( Z X O - 8 4 Z 3 x o . ( 5 } J
Z s o L c u - b io n ( i ¡ i ' ) is b e . s k .
3 -5 9
= r'
u me
w hen r - i,
Al X = i Al 1 _ 1 ±
or
w e 2 *5" me zvx 2 r( °-ss) i.i r (E <)
U/Aen r - leerle3
M i i
Hm *e e í or
me X CMS
Combi nt nj (Ej*) and ( E z ) , w e oA'feaín
Al / i
me 0-15 1.1 y
T= o-/3í4
¡For eo-cA Sjart'nj J
© 15 -
Í4 "
Sd4
—T“ -
P
O í* Í 1 I 5
S4 ( S) ( , . 5 ) 3
X „ S) f 0. 2 5 ) ^
- 26.0^3 Z t /m
ToiaX = 4f 26. c>S3) = /o 4 - 3 3 2 /¿/m

u3= Z T r O g o °)_ = |M -49c r e L j/? e c
rn = loo/sSé> ¿i Ib - s ^ / ín t Al = '7x5 0/ i $ £ , q ^ ~ s /¡n> 'S =

M = H P _ / (0 4 - 3 3 2 . '
" v^r - \ l(iso / 3 9 e.4) = 7 - 33lg
r = / £ ? '4 - 7 é / 7 '3 3 16 = 2 5 • 7 /0 2 , r2 - 6“£ í - O l 4 4

rne
ZL£ _ x l. _ lo o ftf.oi) ( JiliLíllí L ^ )
X =
Al VC, “" r2" ) Z 4* CZ T r ) Z ' “7S0 ' é' 60’ 01 44 /
93 x io 3 i*n .
G5_ 2 .- rr(is o o ^ o _ J57.oá, r o J/ je c y £ 0 .2r
^(fc) F o rc é ¿to e e cce rr¿ n c r A y of Totor 1500 rpm
- m e C3Z - G lé °4 ') ( ° ’° 0 (í5 7-og,) Z = l?'/563 l ¿ .
(b ) H ■P • = C F o r c é )(e c c e n t r L c t fc y ) (a -n ju la -r vetocify^
= o . 0O4 » 9 V
3 -6 0
Forcé •fro.Hím.'-tfeJ fe i t e -foun J a - h o r , Aue í¿ ro fc c fm j
u n í,a S c u ^ c e J jW c e ( F) ;
F(i) = 1< * f f ) i - c ¿ (*)
= -X X S f h ^ t - ^ ) + C09 X cxrf C ost - ^ ) CO
—Fe YYcQj^W^tucíx ~ffce 'fr-o.nSvni4feiA ;foYC-e co-m ¿ e
a x ^ r-e sse J ccá
I f c o
00
USmg
rn e 03
X = CO
M 0 9 X ) 2' - f (C £ ^ /
i*v> Eg • C2- ~) > IaJ^ ofctfiu'n
^ m e o 9 >] * z + ( C69)
CO
03_
C - 2. Tno T > — - s 09^ cuyv^ = ^ j t g -C O
P4 09 n
Couy^ J>e r e w n '-H r e n
2. 2- x
l + 4 t r 2
f c « — vn e 05O ) c o
2. 2.
Q - r O h- 4 ' 9 r
3 -6 1
= 39*3141 ro-d/iec ? ^ \J- l
c
CJ= 21Tf7S0>. = 78‘ rad/sec [*------ ^ T ^ “ 1S ' ^ T 20
so 77777
2.
í W , *(S¡)M * S ; F - " ' - “ “
F, * m e ( 5^ 5 ') ( . . 0 ( 7 |. » O “ ’ « ' > “ 5 »
Pomt R
«S s u -tje c t e j -fce f o r c é F GO = F0 CoS £ ¿ i = 7?*£2o5" coS 7^.54 i
£ssu.me -that S is n o t rnavín^. •
TKen R <‘s d isp la c e d b y *,
, N F0 COS C * t Fc c o scá t 7<r-S205 ces c*é
% ( & } — — — — — = ----------------------------------------
i * - ™ cj >z( 200 k - c s . y i
=
O* 1 3 3 4 Coí 7 8 ‘ 5¿t t fn&íi
Le.t 0 = ojoÛ-Iclt drsfbía-ce.men£ o f piante P ^ .-
D fSbla-cem ent o f í s 5 0 ir¡ok
E x t e n s ió n o f spn'ng R S = “ o*l334 eos1 7S’ *54-t^) m c/i
R estorin g pacm ent of spring fo rc é . aJsoixb p
= 2 0 0 [ 5 e - 0*1334 Coi 7S>* 5 4- t ] 5 /Lfc-»n
V e l o c ít y of (5 = 40 0 ínck/see
Dcamping fo r c é ai: = 4-0 0 f l ) = 4-° é ^
POoment o f dce-mpiYi^ f o r c é cxkoat P "= 4-0 0 C^"0} — ® Xfc-ín
Fguadrion o f m o tion of jola-te p'Q :
J j, 9 + (600 9 -p (COO ( * & - 0 * i3 3 ¿ f eos 7 8 > S ¿ i t ) = o
i.e*, /4 ! .2 6 /2 . 0 f. /6oo ¿ + gooo 9 = 133 . ^ cos 7^ * 5 4 t Ce,)
Comf>CLrin0 QE/ ~) w íH Eg»(3»2¿t) ? t f e S o lu b ío n of (& ¡) 02-u b e
exp resad aJ = @ Cos ( o 3 t - ¿ ^
U jb ere , fro m ( 3 *30 ) a-rud C^-3 0 ^ we g etr

e Q » y v W > = raJ
7 o “ <74« 2 7 5 í ) z -F 0*951? X 1 3 . 7 _ c \ is)~
an d ^ = tan -1 Z5-. I3 2 6 / ít 3 * 2 7 ?/^) = - y. 2 5 2 9 °
Sbea*cly s t a - t e m o tio n o f $ = 0^ (4 -o ')

= (7 >00 6O?5 C o i ( f 7 8 ’ S¿j i + 8• 25 2 3 ) <nc^
P i'Sf> l a c e m e n t o f S - (B ( * ) m e /i
- ( l ‘ S Z 3 8 X 10 * * ) ( ? ) me A
= 0. 0007619 i ncA
Pz P 3 = m a x ,- m a m o r m a - ^ i 'o n o f
Sj? rírt^ £ o •/ 3 3 "
ffla .x . S’o r c e ’tra-nsm L -b-te.d to p o ,'n t g — 1c. ( Di')
_______ = 2 0 a ( a - 1334 ) - 26- 68 Lb_______________
3 -6 3
ft$sum*\ n u a ss o f m o t o r = 5* K j
je r ¿ b í f f n e s s - o f h eax* r 3 o , o e o W/jr»
" ’ J m = 7 ~ l ' IfS 97 r a * /*
v. _ C<S> _ 157- O8 _ _
09„ 7 7 * ¿fS<?7 ~ 2 ’0 2 7 ?
( 0 5 r ISOO r p t n : ^ 0 0 x 2 ‘H / g o - 15 7 * O g TCL¿ / A ^
USTn^ X = o •02 vr» arv<í ifce r e í a. f i o n
S St [ * “" f 2 | I f- 2'0Z772 1
w€ f I 2 1 / \
S S¿ ~ * ( * ~ 2 ’ ° 2 7 ^ I =r ° * ° 2 ( 3 ' í , Z V = : ¿ >' 0 6 2 Z 5 'h '»
Neu/ c o n c ííf c ío n i'S :
7 ^” 3 * < o «3 8 ^ = o .3 (o '0 ¿ 2 Z5 ) - 0'oS6o25
l '- C - g - J 2 1
^ S l°3 11 - f — — l~ ----- n* = 17- 8 ¿/ ? 2

[ V / | 0.(356025 T *
U/e f/n J __
/ 65 \ 2 rr
( - ^ ) = , * . » » « „ - J .
T ^ u s -ffre reâCreJ ^ e e J ag ffce y n c to r «*S g «Ven
¿5 = 6 5 „ ( ¿t'ILtlS) = 7 7 • ^ S1~J ('4 . 3 4 / 5')
— 3 3 6 . 2 . 9 6 4 r c u P /í
or 3 36.2<?(£4
(6o) = 3 2| ( •3 S é 7 r /» "
27T
3 -6 4
5 0 Kg, m= 2 K g , e = o-1 w , ^ = o* I
09= 1000 rpm = » « ir s ,0 ^ . 7 2 r a d / í
C<° For /f I
< o.¿5, Eg* jfyes
y m e c j 2'
2 2 i
u ( i - r * ) 2+ 4 ^ r 2
. 2 2.
crr 1+ 4 ( e» * l ) r
_________ — — < J—
( i - r*")* + ^ (o'O^ r 1
0 r
<e + O-oO r 2- < (/ i - r 2 \ Z
) ,
+ o-o A v *
r
or
o s t- ^ - 2 - S r a— |5 CO
C o o S í d e r í n j "Híe *>3n ,n E^.(l), l/v/ff o lita, i n
- 2-6 r* _ 15 - o ( 2)
w/th roots
2_ 2-<5 ± y / (2 - 6 ) % * £ o
r =
---------------- - — 2 •7 2 5 3 . , 5*3353
2
Con Si c¿e ring ffce j»o S í f i V e r o o t j
F= (*> -3 3 5 3 )0 2 -32o<? = ~ C O
09
or 09 - - _ lO lf 7 2 i/
* > « “ » " 77777 = + 5-.263 r ^ J /S
3 -6 5
-From. fk e r e ia / h o n
n
C*n = / * _ _ / * '
V M " V 5^ = 4 5 *12^3
W €. ^ iVi d
■*= 50(45-12^3)“' = (0-18 19 x/o^
^ ^ Ft ftX C ‘trccnSmj* f("ec( "fe u n c£ o/fcYo p /’$
2.
( F J ~ o • 2 5 ro e ü9
2-
a 0 ‘ Z S ( i " ) ( o •|") ( í o ^ i - 7 ¿ )
- 5^8 *3 139 N
3 -6 6
A - 200 K j , MS 15 K j , M- 5 0 0 0 M/m , v - O •o 5
- /S- =. fS0CC V
M ] zoo
D e f íe c + i o n o + reSúna-»cc = X = o - I w>
Resonante im pites r=l flr as = ¿ 9n = 5 r a J /
C<0 jH X r
m €
f(í-r * ')2+ 4 T 2 r 2) í
For M - 2 0 O) im= 1 5 , -5 = 0 - 0 5 , x = o - I a-ncf r=O

E g . ( ' ) 5* v e s
( 2 0 o) ( o - 0 ,
- 10
l'S ( O
{4 (O .os)2 ( 0 f
or
<2 - Ü ?— = 0 *1 3 3 3 m
15 0 0
Cl3') Lefc M' te ffre Yieu; mouW o / fú ctin e rofer •
For X = o ‘ 0$ mJ Eg, * O ”> 5/Ves
{ ( ( - r * ) 2 + (2 -r r ) * } 2- x
15 ( o - 13 3 V ) ( O
— r 4 00 kg
2. (o •o 5) ( O (0,c>5 ,)
£ ecftu^ Al1 - M+ A M^ A M r rrws^ cuLAcA ~ 2 0 0 J¿g
3 -6 7
CO X ( r) | - ?
i rnO-X
X . " O
m 2-12-
[ ( i - v O * + £-i r)a ]
15 ( o * 13 3 0 r *
2 0 0 £ ( ' , „ r i) Z+ o-ol r zJ 1
2.
/" -4 N r
= ( «?9- 9 9 5 xio ) — (2)
^ l + o-oi v 1) 1
B e c a - u .s e m o j. ( x ) = ( * * ) , we ;
r r
, x r^
/ v i ¿ L x í m» z e j? ( r ) ~ . C O
Witk r & s p e c fc —1*53 f 2 f 1

% r
Necesso-ry coneAltfoin is:
—“ _- r* ( * i r 3 - 3-9S r
--- - ( r * - /- 9 * r®> O
---------------- £---------------- —--------- *- S o
cUr . 2
* k 2 -x2
(lT - 1 *9 3 r + 0
t •e •>
4 r 7- s-?? r - 4 r 7 + 7*96 r -< f r = o
,6 ; 3 • 8 8 m* - 4 - ° at r r / •o JS 3
Henee Eg • (2 ) jiV e S
0-0(53') |
X = ( 7 9 * 9 7 5 x 10 )
ma.x ^
1 + (i-óiss)*1 - I - 7 S ( i - o i s í ) 2, J
= o -9 I 6 8 m
3 -6 8
(SY = í
= C3Í [ eos £¿>t. d ¿ f, + f'n est . sin <f> ] <¿fc
O
- j* ^ c¿Z <f> (tir i C ot- Co5 c s t ) •+- Aún ^ ( ” Sin C&t') j <=&
■ (£” “ !* ) + ■ ^ * ( 1 - ” - ) > *
_ CoS ^ /
/ CoS 2.631 \ i7T/A9
^ + £¡n_¿
_j_ Jir» 52$ /, _ S m _2j5t j j Z1TA3
2. Z(¿ / o 2T l
ca
AW ' = F, X ■! = A3 Fo X sin ^
Let -x ( t ) = di'sf^(a,ceme.ni: o f m a ss m
© N ew íe n ^ tlt 0 /
Mew tenfi'on
eo-cA Sf> r¿nj J c t = ^ /^ - f- x 2’ )
ea .^ sfrí"^ *, =. T = ( y f j F + z ? - £ ) *1 +
H o r i z o n t a l T c o m/ .pT
o nFeT
.n?t o f n e w "feníibri ín e.a~ck s p r i'n j £(
“T “ 'i» / ________ __ T ^
'V erticia .l c a m p o n e n t o f n ew t e n s i ó n «n ea-cA s p n 'n j fc, s= -j= = ^ —^
"T ota l f r i c t i o n fo r o s . = ^ Yn^- "+■ + x^"
w k en m o -J í m o jíe s ' Yo rfeÂfc:

BfiUCL.tr Con o f m o t io n cvf m a s s m :
w X + * 2* + - ^ % T - ^ [m ? + ^ = * * 3 - fe * * "« *
w íie r e A = ebrea/ oj2 p i s t ó n •
/•e., rn ?c + * ^ < z + 2 “ /J' rnd~ z f * ~ô ■+■ "fe ^ r,n ^ t

Sirnda~rl(j' , wlien "bKe tna-xr m ovef to I c f t :
m x + x ( i i+ z ZjL^ = __û - 2/ m T0 + A í.n
3 -6 9
Yn= 15 Kg , 1c = 25 o o o W /m Fc = 2Q o ^ __
05 - 20 Hz = I2 5 - 6£i< r o J / s M = o • 25
S ' rtte ^ yuW: ¿fy M m j = /f C °-2 5 ') f | O ("f -S i) - ¡H~?- 15 N
< 7T F0 - 7T O o e-) =■ £ 2 8 - 3 2 ÍV/ ,
ffie m o -g n itu d e ©£ ttTe sfe«u£ j s h a _ te resp o n se , E<^.
(3•33), tS 9 *ven fcy
/ ^ 1 2
X = 1° V 7T- Fo (O
(U L )
\G?n 1
u lc e r e
k _ f z S o c o = 5q r<xd^
W « -
m
V N _l¿< 7 ' 1 - =r 0'Z3¿tZ

TT F0 £ 2 8 - 12
= / 2 5 ~— « 2*5133
5*0
T h tA S Eg> • ( O jív e s "fÍTe m a g n if íc e le sfc u b s
V i b r ^ 't ¡or\ oj 5
2
2 0 0 / í — (O •2 3 ¿f» 2 )
X -
3 -7 0
ÍD - 2 5 1cy , 1< s Io o o o n /m , / U - 0 ‘3
<& = S Hz s 50* 2 6 5 6 rcud/s
X - o •2 m
Eg • (3 -88 ) fli'ves
c e<¡ = ^ M __ 4 ( ° '3 ) ( 2 5 x 9 - J l )
TT f s o . Z é s O O * * )
= 9-3183 NJ - V m
K o ie : nt í s aû^pJiJÍ -Hra± f t i c h ' o r ' f o r c & *s
Jixr\oiX c o rn p c L re J fe F© in S-fodLíng fke
eg/UÍv^íen-b V is c a n S Jtampfa^ consfet*^
¿ke System .
3-7 1
= v e r t ic a l fo r cé = - 2 ( 9 * 8 i ) = 19*62 N
l9_ _ 2 - 5 ) 7 3 2 6 2 x 2.TV _ a ^ S S l l 1?!

^r* 32*4-03703
M \2- -j i /2
-y Fb -
'Ve
— x 2*
1 - J21 Y
. ^ J _ f í r i m í l l 2 n Va
120 C tt( izo ) J
í-e-, O-OIS =•
2100
í-e-, / i - 0*04334 X 1/ 2
1.3125 = 0-5V02413 )
le -, O -9 9 9 5 6 6 6 = 1 - 0-04334 / a 2-
í-e-.» ^ = 0-1
W _ 5000 * ,/
( } * = * ¡ ¡ ' = í 0
w A e r 09= 09^, E ^ .(3 .ío 2 ') giVeS
x = _ — ^ o.í = , r ° - =*■ /s= o -i

* £ (io5) (3 P
(k ) AW = TT L3 X 2 = 7Tf3 * * Z w /iere c eg = from £g.(3-fOo)
¿W " = 7T (o . 1 ) ff05) (o* ±)Z = 314 * ( 6 U b u ie s / c tjc L e
( c ) S-teax}<y stcLbe. a-mfsti-tucíe a-f one — gw.a.r'fc e r ¿>f resona_nt

fre ^ u e n c .^ :
69^ “
~7T' 0/25
/ooo
X =
= 0-01061 m
( ^ ) SbecL,dy sta^be. a-tr\pl\bucle a ir tln rice. tfce. r e s o ncunt: fre g ,u e n c y :
03 _ 3
09*
IOoo
= ^ i- " * 1/ — 0*00)25 rn.
10 [ ( 1-3 ) + (o - O J
3 -7 2
@
AW = TT ¡ i * f
nf x , xf 1 /S /o-o4) = 0-0000202
3-8 = TT/3 (60 ooo) (o-o* y l ¡ K J

= TT/3 ( éoooo) ( o . o é ) * ' r fi (O - o r f = o ■o o oo ?o 4
T o - K in j lo g c L i'i'fc í'im S >
p, + t í* (o*o4) - ( o - 0000202)
im y6 -f- /■ /Cv. ( o - O Í ) = <0h ( o .OOOO 5 o 4 )
i.e*» jL p - 3.218S76 t - -(O -VolVlS (El)

IU/3 - 2-**3134- n t= - ? ■ S955M --------( e 2)
Suktrcuctm^ (&<) from (£*.).> 0«4 o54-65 J*" = 0-5(4309
•/*= 2- 2 5 4 9 6 4
From (Et ) , I n f t = -(0 -8 0 9 ? 2-2+ 3 > Z t2 ? 7 6 (2- 2549 6 4 ) = -3-55 I37?
_____________________ /3 ~ p.028 6 ??____________________________________________

WorK done = W = J V J*- = J^F ^
© r/
¿yele
=
F ft) =
W = — J
eos 05 1
ZTT/^
f 0 e o s
<xnJ
íú b .
3í . ( t ) =
G ? X ffn
X c o s (c £ t—¿ ) ,
Jbt
Uforl*done m one
2.TC// q . \2JT
= - Fp x O? (- — ¿OS ZCJ-t\ , f t + j - s;n líá t)^
Z \ ZQB Jo 2 \ 263 j/
= Fe TT X sin ¿
GiVen d a to : po = 5 , 0? = 37r ^ - 3 ^ = -J^s e c , ^ , X=o-s''
W~= F0 7T X Sin — 5 TT (o* ?) Si'n "J" =. g, I L —Cn
(i*) In one seco n d j t'¿ u/t¿¿ comfaiebe. I j[ c-yc,Les -
^ l l s e c o ^ J = I ' 5 W = Í 0 - 2 O 2 7 /t í - in .
(** ) In j^ o a r S 'e e o n d v S ’ > ib v j¡ a comjs l e te 6- cycLes.
\J¡ — g IV" = 4 -0 -8 1 0 8 i¿>- in ■

/ 4 %e£.onds
/ •\^
D O -m p ín ^ fo rcé “ F = C (x ;
Enerjy d¿s?¡fxbec¡ J?er ûarter OjcJb. duririj heurmoníe mobion x(-t)= X 69Í
,S 'H/209
4 r = j c ( ¿ ) ” a* = j c ( c jx c o s 6 3 t ) n d*
O o
But dx = ¿d t = 63 X Co? 63 1 . cLÍ:
3 -7 3
AW — 4c Ü X
TT
>
^2-69
3 4C os’’* 1 x " + l í 1 Ot í " 6 9 Í • Sin 0 9 1
(n+1 )C3
O /
n-t-1 n+ 1
= 4c 63 X eos10” 1 631 •eLfc
(»t t ) í
o
Eguai-fng tt-iís* exf ressi'on -fo 7r c- 63 X , we oiba.Cn
4 C 63* X * ” 1 / yi n r Tí/ns
\ n + i/ \ eos1" Cdb ■d t - c x "'1 ^
S " 7T
o
U/Kere ^ ± fjs _ \ r 7* ® Yl-1
ir \n+l / eos c ¿ t-d ± ---------- ( e , )
For exornóle, fjr n = 2., (î') Recomes
ir
^
o( = 4 8 (S‘n 69tN 8
T fW / ] 63fc- d t
ii
o 37T V 63 3TTCS
0
and ke.nce C ,„ — S C 63 X
“ 37T
w k íc t can be seerv bo t e sam e a ¿ fcte expressibr* fo u n d
For fe w ofker vagues of n, °¿ n can he f e a n d cus fo¿£oujs
Y1 _¡ i 2 3 4
«y, ¡ ± 3 37.
69 37T 69 463 15 7T69
The ajmjiliéucle can he fo an d a?
Fo Fo
fa - T K + r + 63Z
- y * 2 ( 1- r " ) z +
Fo
y ^ C i - r 1 )2 + c 1 G32 f , , +1) X ^ " '0 * 2

2
E n ergy d itf^ a lz d c ^ c ti. f° T v ís c o u s c k L m p in j = 7T c 69 X
© E n ergy c h 's'c ifx z b e d |>er ju r C o u lo m b á a .m p in j - 4 ^ M X
E g a í v a J e n f V is c o u s d a m p in j conS-ta-n/t ( C e ^ <s ^<ven
7T 03 X 2 = 7TC09X2 + 4/W-^X
■( C +
7TC9 X )
3 -7 4
Am¡¡¡Huele >C ís given ¿y _
F1 r t -—
-Lk.
----------------------------------
X " / ( * - m £5^2- +- \/ KZf 1 - r 1 ) 1 + C*¡
S u .b S 'ti'tu b in j f o r , s £ u a r í n y a n d r e a r r a n y i n g ,
X2 { « z ( i - r 2 f + S cs2 ) + x —) + ( ^ f r ^ = o
3
© (& ) E ju -a d : ro n o f m o - t í 'o n m x ± y u M -t -c (x ) 4- -fc — F coi a ? t
Thaí -the SjjS'be.m ka-s c o m b ín e d C o u lo m b o~r\d v e lo cl'b y — c u b e J t
do-rnp \r\cy .
F or C o o d o r o lo d a m f . 'n j , c ^ j = x (e ,)
F or VB’í o c i b y — C U .be.J t J a .m p in j , tF e e f y u .Z v a - L e .r v b V ÍS C ou s d a .m ^ in j_ .
C o e f f » ‘c Ce n t £ a ,n be obira-i'ned f ro m th e S o lw b i'o n a f p ro b le .m g g ,g .
c e^z - c 63 3 X 2 <=<3 (ft¿ )

w h e re. ir /
* ,= M = _£_ C*)
o
c eg, 2. ~~ -r~ c o3Z X ¿ <& )
OUrtd C - C +• c w 5 = ^ + — C 63i X Z
S S < 7 T Í9 X 4 '
( k ) S Íe a A j s ta - t e . O Jm ^ líb u d e under b a r m onte ¿fo rc é :
Ib F0
X = i ........ ■— " ■-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) A m p liiu Je rcubio ' ^ ^

v X _________ i ___________________
% “ C V O = JFFyTJ^T)
c^7;
= T ^ ^ t é t t 7 F ^ T
A ¿ r e s o n a n c e .> r = 1 a-r»J e^. ( e 7) r e le e s -to

X i
—
/ - V ^ + 3 r ^ X 2- ]
( E <0
£ i resona.nce.
*s-fc ( TTKk -f- fc J
Model the pipe as a single degree of freedom system with mca = equivalent mass at end
© =
33
end:
-jjg- m (m =
3E I
mass of pipe; see Problem 2.46) and ^ — . Slope of pipe at
3 -7 5
'k.
%
f T
9=
where x = end deflection of the cantilever pipe under a transverse load F. Forcé indnced
due to fluid velocity v is p A v2. Forcé acting on the single degree of freedom system (in
vertical direction):
F = p A v2 sin ^ ~ p A v2 0 = p A v2 ^ X
2€
Equation of mo ion : meq X + keq X = F
33 3E I 3 p A v2
or mx + x = 0
140
3E I 3pAv2
Instability occurs when < 0 or v >
2e
Assume Reynolds number (R ^ greater than 1000. Strouhal number (St) for vortex
© shedding is taken as: St = = 0.21 where f = frequency of vortex shedding, d =
diameter of cylinder and V = velocity of fluid (air). A t 50 mph speed,

50 (1760H 36)_= 8 8 0 in/3ec f= 0^1V = H z ^
3600 1 d d
For the three sections of the antenna, the vortex frequencies are:
fj = = 616.0 Hz
f2 = = 924.0 Hz
2 0.2
f = ü ü = 1848.0 Hz
3 0.1
At 75 mph speed,
V = 75 (176° ) (3®I = 132Q in/sec and f = = 27J— Hz (d in inches)

3600 ' d d
For the three sections of the antenna, the frequencies are:
f = 2 0 1 = Q24 Q Hz
0.3
977 9
f = = 1386.0 Hz
1 0.2
3 -7 6
f3 = = 2772.0 Hz
Since the natural frequencies are much smaller, no instability occurs.
33
3 92 )ía) Equ-ivaleiit mass of single d.o.f. system = = M + — m where m = mass of
cylindrical part of the sign post:
7T , 2 m . ____ 7r ín oc2 n *2' / - - w 76500 ) = 1378.0527 kg
m = — (D2 - d2) h p = — (0.25 - 0.2¿) (10) (■
9.81
33
.*. meq = 200 + (1378.0527) = 524.8267 kg
I = — (D4 - d4) = — (0.254 - 0.24) = 113.208 (10~6) m 4

64 4
Equivalent stifíhess of the system:
k-eqea—= Ó*11
Bl = O (207 ^xd9
3 {¿Vi (10-)) (113.208 ( 1 0 ^ ) ) = ^ ^
h3 103
Natural frequency of transverse vibration of sign post:
1
keq 70302.168
= 11.5738 rad/sec = 1.8420 Hz
meq 524.8267
(b) W ind yelocity corresponding to máximum vibration of sign post (V) is given by:
St = 0.21 = fl ° or y = Í L Í . = (1*8420) (0.25)^ — 2.1929 m /s

V ” 0.21 0.21
(c) Máximum forcé acting on the system due to wind velocity:
F(t) = F0 sin w t = j c p V 2 A sin w t = j (1) (1.2215) (2.192992) (8.0) sin w t N

= 23.4958 sin u> t N
where c = 1 for a cylinder, p = density of air = 1.2215 k g/m 3, A = projected

area of cylindrical part = (0.8)(10) = 8.0 m2, and to = frequency of wind forcé.
Equation of motion:
meqx - f c eqx + keqx = F(t)
and the máximum steady state displacement of the sign post occurs when uj = oJi
and is given by Eq. (3.34):
4t Fo 23.4958
X = = 0.001671 m
2 C keq (2) f 2 (0.1) (70302.168)
3 -7 7
©
(o-) Eguation oj* mo¿íon - mx - f r - c x + f c x = x
or m3¿+ ex + (fc-Fo) ^ = o (E0
Asíamm^ -¿-he f o l u é i o n -x(t) = d (B0

wHere C íS a consiant^ Eg.CEi') 3'Ve.s’ i b e a-uxili'ajry e ^ u a - iC o n
+ (± = ^ ) = o Ce»)
Roo-fcs of (EV) are ___________________
* ..> ■ - * ± / ( ^ * - ( i * * ) ' w
FtVs'ir cons-c’der ¿te ca-íe of ^ o sih iv e . S ' b í f i f n e f ? ^ -fe >■Fó )* For ¿A»*r
caíe, folíoUio^» ôssiLiiiiies' exíst.
<■ v & ) * >

Boik J, o-nd /?2 te real and negcvéiVe a n d henee
x C t)= C.I e S|t + C, e Sit (e»)

U/iÍL t e s-bceble.
*■ * (fe )* - (Í^ S ) =
B o ib an¿t /?2- wiU. te idenh'cauL j reoX a n d nega-£iV¿.
Solubion r /^ \
* ( ¿ ) = ( c , + c?2 t ) e w )
u/tlL te s t a t /e smce e S|^ —> o a¿ i —*■ 00 •
3- v(s-Y< (*=3),
Here Si and u/iU te comfj/ex c.o n j u .^ a ,b e s arud yo/«.¿ion
W ili be c / ' v
*W = ( ! e - ^ * « . ^ ( / F f e f + C ^ 7)
Ttíy re^resené-s* a- convergín^ oícitlatory mcéian and diente
“fíve Sj S ’b ern u / l i t te Sícut/e,
Niext consíder -¿te ca-íe of y\eja.¿iVe S¿í f f ness (^•f< ■< F0^-- Here
*•> - - - ± v /(fr ) ^ ( - ^ T (E ,)
Ttaí y, Wtll te p o S i é í v c 0-1id ¿2 usiLi te neja-tiVe, and
■Hre s o lu-bfon b e c o m e í
+ ¿1 ¿ —í^2.| ¿ fer \
x (t) = dA e . 4 - c2 e
t/hS SoLu-bian can te seen ¿o d i v e r g e as1 i —*- 00 .
(¿ ) Eg,ua¿ibn of m o t Con rn x -f- c ¿ + 4c x = F0 x
* + + ír - = 0 Ce»),
3 -7 8
A ssu.n\ing x£fc) = Q tte cL ij.x iL iu .ry e f r u a - t io n hecom es
5% ( £ ^ ) s + £ =0 fe »)
cm-v
U 'Aence-----------------------------i------—- , ------ ---- 1 s \
« _ _ ( C" P_gA ¿ if c - g? ^ - — CEI2^
•^1,2 \ 2 rn / VVzVn y m
F ir s t consicJer H e c a íe o/ p o S i t i v e da.mf>inj ( c >• F©) ín CE io)*

Fbr t h i s ca.se, i i c.a-n Ae re en Heut fíre system u/i ti t>* sta-Lle f o r
alí p o s s i b l c Yoîuey o £ £ ^ c. - F o _ k J .
N ext , consioler tfre case o / nega^fcíve efa-mfíny ("c ^ f=,^ .

Deêndípy on tAe sr'^r» oj? -He gua-ntítj une{er He r a . d i c a l in
. (6(2.) , U/ff u/i II Acure b h r e e t y p e s o/ S'oLu b i o n .
±. 9~ ^'N2 >. Ji- r ffere ‘ batA £| -^z a-re mCcJ a-nJI
\ Zm J ^ f
positivo a->rcí Aence x .(t) = C1, e -f- C?z e
~T~his d e n o t e s cl d iv e r y in j r io n o S c ¿ [La*-bory m o t io n ; So
th e s js t e m is u n stc u b le .
2» fíLZ_^ -i . «ere S’i % a_re i d e n b i c a l a.n<d a ir e

V zm / 7" ncre 1 *■ \ s,*t ,
rea-l amd p o s i t i v a . H e n e e ^Ct) = (î + ‘ CE/¿)
tA»*S r e p r e s e n b s cz. d i v e r j i n y nonoSciL Lcubory s o L u t i ’b n j
so AAe system usLLL te u n s t a . b l e *
3* ^£-_Í2
L^2‘ ^ iÍL . Here S, artd sz ars com^/ex conju.jcL.-bes
a-n<A A e re e ,p • l ~~ _ z1
*.z = f e ) ± * v /S r - f e ) fr s)
T h e rolw.-¿í‘on Aecomes
x (t)» X e (^ }t ./« ( f e E+ ¿ ) C%)

cTince H e expon en b is p o s L b iv e ¿ c/enotes
d iv e r g in y o S c C L L a fo r y m o tio n o_nd Aence t b e sys-íem is
ay7í-¿a.tle.
Tâs t h e . condttion ft?r cfyna-mic sb c e h ilib j of th e s y ste m
ea_n be s b e c t e A <=us
Fo < C (Fit)
3 -7 9
(c ) EûcuhCon o f m o b ío n m x + c s i + i c 3<- — F0 *■
or x + ex t =o CEis)
l/JLth tite solwti'on /|N
x (-t) -
^
C e
st
te »)
He c lu x .1 ÍCcury e^LLa-trion w ¿ti ¿>e
s + tóO = °
( E2s)
The iroots cure.

S
2 : f m - F 0> ± j í 2_Cm _ Fa) } ( m-F a) ^
Fi'rí-t corjsfder th e ca.se p o z itiv e m as; ^■Tri > 1= ,) ín
Xn this C ase th e S y s te m u/iLL Le s t c u h le f o r cü.¿- yaJLu.es o f
Í L ( m - Fo) } “ f m - K )
M ext cO'nsXder th e ecuse o f n e je u tiv e m «.ss < F0) ít

Cîs^) ' For H iV case S, a-n.d CcLn Ae e ^ r e S ’S'ecJ aJ»
I, 2 “
+ 0**)
~T° ~ J íz (F e - m tí-»"
tAís* 5"AOWS ih c ct st w i 11 be p o s i t iv a . a-nc< s2 U/tLl he.
n c g c u t iv e $ thus t h e s o lu tio r iujiU - Ae d iV e r^ e n t»
3 -8 0
Eûci/Pcor* of motron co-Yi be rew ritfcen cos
i n i ¿ ^ c x + = c^ ‘ -t 1¿^ ( O
For $ ( £ ) =: Y S•
”r» c& fcj f=g,’ CO be comes
^ * - C 09 Y CcrS 091 -f te Y £»'n 091 f 2 )
L a -ja la re tra n sfo rm o o í Eg. ( O , ío r zero t 'n .'+ ú x l
c o r*d í t i'o ri S ^ ís
Onr,*2 + CA + X O O = C 09 Y í ^ --Y + 1 < Y Í - — -

^ ' V / - f 65 / 05
= FOO C «
w bere F C 'O »s tfce L o-Jí I c u c e Yro-r» S rrr> of- th e
forcC n j fu n c-b ro n :
F W = c u , Y + * y “ w
From E^ • ( O y Ü>e frG Ln ffer J-uncfior> of
sysbem oasn be d e j - i n e J co$
t(-* ) = J-------------------------------------- 0 0
FO*) m ^ -f C •+ k
More je n e rcttly , clS m d í ccctecl »p N ote 7 of Sech 'o n
3'lZj u /e re p la c e x (-ir) by x C'O o ^ Ji y ) ty
Y («O (g*^ so ~tkaJ -tke t r o u p j f e r f o . n e t - <'or> o f ffte
5 y sfem , g o v e r n e d ty f-fce egûaJVor» 0/ m ofcibn GOj»

ccl\i be d e f mecA
T * ( ^ ) = * I i2 = — ^ ( ¡s ;
^ Y (¿) rn * * > c ^ + *fc
3-81
E<ûcJZcm (6 ) ccly7 be rew r i i te n o jí
2^ A + Cá*
T* O ) = Ct )
y A 2 + 2 j csr A + CAI*
3 -8 2
ion o f m otion :
lA'X + C ' x - h fo x r F (t) = m e a/~ sen a ? t
LcLjol¿Lce írcLhS-form o f Eg *( / ) , for zero ini+io^í
C(pLn be ex .^v£¿¿€_d a ¿
r /V )/-f c^-f fc) XOO = r n e c Z /lf! \ _ F (X )

V \ A %+ ( ó * )
wKere F (¿) d en otes ftre ¿_¿L.jola-ce frcLnsf’- orm -ffce
fó r c in j ■furicE'OYX p ( t *) :
FO O - <s2 f — 7” — 7 ^ ^
y ^ 2 + 03 /
prom E ^ . ( 2 ) , th e -tro*™ s f e r £ u r v c f i ’a n 0£ fte System
co-v» be d efV n ed O/S
- r r * \ - XC^ 1
T C*) = ----------------- r*\
FCO M ^2 - f c / - f ^
M o re g e n e r ^ Ü ^ ¡oJLC catéJ in N o fe 7 Cee+Yor»
3-U j u/e r e p la.ee x (t) ¿*y X 0 O e S^ a-n-uí F C tr) ¿y
YO *) ^ tfcat
TC O = -* < £ = 1 CO
YCO c /í 4 ^
or
t c a) = t \ * o o = J ü ^ l- = — c o
f F O*) M /5z -f- c A + fc
3 -8 3
o'jj- vno*h*on fo r € j c c í ' t ' a J miO Y \:
m ü + c i + r c j f ^
Fo r 3 ct ) r Y ¿in C ift-J Eg-(0 b ic o r n e s
m i Cx + l¿ % - c as Y cc/5 091 -f- Si*1 691 CO
L A fo la -ce frcLKS f o n n o f E g . (2 ) , for Z-ero iVií'fí'af c o n d . t ’t i ' o n S 5
O * ..< ,+ fc) xfo - ( ;£ r O + *Y(éfe?)

55 F M ) O )
[Aíb'ere F(¿) deno+es Hie L o^ ^ cjl ' crfr bke
fo rcin j ju n c K o n :
£ g •( O gívc*
*<■«■> = ^ ft J
Q&îr Os>Z) ( tn / í ^ - f C X -f ^ ^
By e x p r e $s ing Eg . ( 5} ¿U
X(X) = .c i i 4 C2 + •*• ^ ______ CO
x*-t a s 3, w /4a + c^-f fc
(¿.¿ - K 2) o O + c a + 1) + Cc3¿+ - c Q G * 2 + 6 9 J)
(✓5Z-f OS1 ) (m/S2-f-
{ V C c ,n .+ fj) + ^ a (c,C + Cif)+ ¿ C i * + Cz C + C3 íJ0
+ Cc ü (* + O ¿ O f
C^ -f- C^*" ) C -m -íi + C A + ic ¿ )
By, Ormânir^ -fce n L u n e r a - f ú r s o / r.’^ h t - -Aa.hef A i á e térm S
°í t y S’ C5 ) CO , We 0 ¿ t a .í n
3-84
¿I m -f =- O
C, C + Cz id + = 0 CS')
C, k + cz c + C 3 6 S1 = c es Y 0 O
c z te + as = te es Y C ")
So(ui-fon o f £^s. ( g ) _ c i O 3*Ves
c k (J Y C ( te - r» 09*')
-------------------------------------- (7 z )
( ¿ c -Y n ü S ) WCJ + c«s2 _ l O C K - w i ü S 2" ) }
C _ í m 6?J - te
v c y c > ° 3)
CJ ~ . W 'C| ( 1 *0
C¿f = teY - -c z O s )
Inverse La,h\o.c.e t r a - n s f o r m of £^.fé) 31' v e s
X f C! A *..C * I = c, cOÍ usi + S ± A t o 091 0 0

( ¿*+ 0 9 a- / ' «
y -> f C jM C t) ^ ( -1 r _ £ 3_ f j _ £ v ______________ 7
1 * \ ¿ 2’ + c A + ' U \ *n l + Z /
+ S -¿^ 5 tM p t Sin M ** } 0 0
w ) ,e r e ¿ = c ^ “ 'C ^ ) 0 0
.-.7f ( t ' ) = Cy Cj* t e t \ ( C ^ í t e ) Sin OS t
. 'i i í s “ -*
>" ü j “
+ Sm - r¿ j j e * * " * Si n « j t 0 0
3 -8 5
eûcuhon o f m o h 'o n o f ^ Ay stevn u/,‘+fi r o fe /h V ^ unícdcD nct:
2,
/V\ i* H- c r¿ •+■ V- * ■=. -m ee# Sin 05 i - p (£ ) (l )
La-|a(o-'c'e f r a n s f o r m of • 0 ") •*
(/V1 X 2 + e ¿ + fe") X ( - * ) ^ m e os ■£*(*) CO
wkere F( 0 «A en ofes ite. L a .p la t e f r o - o s f o rm Ocf1

H ;e fo r c in j funcVi'on*.
F O4 ) = m tae f <*
v5l + OS* co
% * C 2^ 3* v e s
3
m e 05
xC O = ---------------------------- r o
( , Ó - + OJ2 ) ( ¿ 2+ -f *•)
B_y e*pressm<j oJi
X («O = C| 4 + Cz - + c 3 ^ C¿/ ^
Q O + 6?1 ) ( M X 2' + c ^ + K )
Cc, t c O C M <**■•+ c a -t- * 0 + Cc3 ,■?+ ¿ O ( a \ c ó 1 )
(¿5*+ 03a) ( m O + c / + fe)
f ^ 3 (c,/vi + c ?) + ¿ * 0 C ,^ /v> C z + C*,)
+ ¿ ( c t (c+ C? c -f- C j W 1 ) + C ca * + C tfíS )}
(/*+ 69* ) ( M ¿ í + cj-h L) C7)
Hre efrui'vaJence o f n u m £ r o .f o r f ,V> E ^ g . ^ " ) c u v Jl ( " O
grve
C( M + c3 = <5 CO
c, C + Ca. M + Ct, — O CO
C, + Cz C -t- c 3 cjz = 0 0 0
3-86
C2 1c+C¿l 6S'=V ne 05i 0 0
Soluh'cm o£ Egs-CsO-C'O 3 ,V e f
c r o e us 3
Q ^— _________________________ . ^ 1 2 .^
- j e 2 + M << + ¡n ■£ US - MÔS3 - c 2 US
c 2 = -
V- M US1'
Ci?0
c 3 = - M e , OVO
Ck = _ c C, - M C2 (75)
By "tfcai
a;"1rr c-
- ^-1 - v u cc .^^t í¡o
*- A 2+ es* J
- \
r. c-a— ,-1 = ^ f1 7 ^
L + 65’ J «
c/"' r c3 ^ -i __ i yT' r ! r r l
U / + c/ + k J ' A»
s _C3 t * - * " « * S|V / + ) ( íf)

M u íj ^
■m 55 [ t^ 7 Í ^ J T ^ ] = 00
tke ¿ 0 \uWo*> Ca.« te ex-p reffíed . o ¿ ( fc A ^ ^ •f ? ) ) •
* (* 0 = c, 0 5 « ir + ~ Sin £<9 t -t £ i —Jl. e * nS í r ' & j t - f l i )
+ £ <J, é * " " * '* ■ " J ‘ & 0
U/Aere _* , v . fte
^ ,r CJ^S 1 ( T ) Ownr%4 “ \/ jVl 6 0
3 -8 7
EûajH'dr» mofrbn.*
Yr? y - -t- fc *. - Fó co* ^0
LccblcLce tr^'V $f o r m o f •( O •
(jnn ¿ 2 + *c) XOO = F0 . ^ x

2. 2.
/$ * + £<?
E2 ‘ C O giVes
K *
xcx) = --------- ^ ---------r -------- — CO
*<) C + c*9 )
In verse Lo~plo.ce fr<xn s Qf £^*C 3) S»'''6-5’
* 0 0 = X [X (« ] = F* X
(4)
^ m •+ f<) ( ^ ■+■ o& y
We e K p r e f S fte ter-m ín L r o . c K . e t s on ~tke r i j h t Ua.r\d
Sw ie o í . (i* } fn jacurtía^- /r a ^ c /h o p S o^5
^ _ a> /5 + t c / 5 - f - c l
( m ^ + ^ C ^ + C Í * - ) w >í*+ * +
(a , /* 4- k *) ( / -fa* ) -f- (c ¿ -b d ^ (rn A Z-j- |\J r
Q n ¿ * -f ( 4% ca%') P r.
(s)
(a/^ t p c oavJ ol : c o n stccY \ts fo he á e f é .r m ¡ n e d )
tK c f\ir. ( n u Y ^ e r ^ t o r ) ín Eg. (5 ) cc»~n be rew rítten oJ>
(a + C rr O + ¿ % ( l + dvn) ^ ¿ / + C l< )
+ ( t 03 -+■ c{ k ') = ^ ûmerQ.f<?r o f êrr*)
By e j u a . ’t'ja j "tiíe co r r e s jaor* d iV>j lerm s o n bo'ffc /S»‘<Jes
of E^- ( O ? we ^ h to -in
3 -8 8
&+ c m ■= o ^
t + J m s o CS )
O- 4 C j£ r < C? )
t 05* 4 ^ = 0 Q o)
E g .(*r ') g.'ves
a- = - c m ( //)
Xn v.‘e w o f E ?. ( ( I ) s E g » (*? ) J ív e s
c f - ** ^ z-f *0 =■ i ^ c = — --------
1c — rn 69
1
O/ — — c m ~ ™ ^ 0 3)
V ic - m 09 V
Eg. 0 o) ** rew r/ffe n ¿i¿
65*-
cô
SutiTrêt fr**» Eg«CO :
d ( rn - ~ o or C, 5 >
Henee > f r o m ¿s^ s • (15*) cu-d (\h ") p u/e J
t —o O^^
Ir» YíeiV o^ 5 *o * ^ ' 0 O » (íO (/ ¿ ) 5 . Of )
kccom e 5
^ L ( m ^ -f - 1 0 0 * +
•i " t ^ ( ^ 7 - , ) - ¿ r ; ( ^ ' ) :
3 -8 9
( m a s * -* ) ys+j L
& . 2 *
A * + C¿>
Qpn CS — 'K )
eos t - cas c¿>± l O "O
(Vn£t9l — k ) )
;
x ( 0 = — ----------------------- (^c » s cst - COS 6>p í ] (ls)
•k
i - r2
where r “
09n
3 -9 0
£ûj>$x<rri o^ m e F ío n :
C x + t t r F ( 0 = zo o ( O
L 0u|»^J3-'C£- l^ O A ^ ^ J V n n cT^, £■« . ( O í
Cc^ ■+ * ) XGO = CO
V x?
or
x 20 0 e l x
X 00 = — r 200 — i
¿(C A + «> ( ^ (c ¿+ K-) I
— ZOO 5 —— - f - --------- j. . qj (, ; consla-nFí

c s° cs> ■+ U J
- 2 0 0 í a c . j ^ ( 3 -y
(c¿+ «O A A
Here ac + t = O ^
a, K = t => ou = - ~ CO
From E^ £ •(S ) cund (4 "> >
t* - - < ^ = ' í
co
.-. x GO = 200 / _L . J S - .JL f- 1 (7)
t fc k c v ^ s - f ^
Inver?e L a p íc a le tran s^ fo rm °F Eg. ( 7 ) ;
x (t) - 200 Í-L 1 ( ¿ ) _ JL ~ ~ f ¿ (8 )

Urtít stef»
- 20 0 / , L
/, X C+) = ^ f 1 - e c
) CO
3 -9 1
xco s K IJ Í . — i -------------- 1 0)
Lei
^ ¿a + L / Í C + «I
2 T ^p2 ) (J’ 2
b, c , el '■ coir>stcMr*t s) CO
RrgKt â.nd sr<Ae exjoresst'on m E^. (z^) c¿*-n te
retvríírten cu
( /U .. + 1 .) ( O + 2 ^ CS„¿ + & * ) + (Cíe+ < 0 0 + 6 ? )

CO
( / + M * ) (<* + 2 - r 6S n z + o s n2 )
fûfiótev^ ffce n u m e r a d o r ír» ifce X e f-f |vojv>J s fo le
e x . p r e s s ’ i on of E p . OO fe num er^fer o£ (3 ),
l>0€. o ttíX'in
^ S = 0 + O +• ^ ( *” + z T 65 * «* + ° 0
2. Z
f A ( 2 ^ tx5p k H- CU 0 9 ^ +
G O
£^ yu allV ^ c«^X £^<jT a£u!:v^ 'fé^vrr^ or» lo a ftC >A\dL&A c/f-
CL+C = O C5 )
t» -f- fiü ( 2 T 6 5 n ) -f ^ = - 0 (£ )
b ( 2 T ^ Sv o' ) + a , 0 9 2 H-C 6 3 Z = 1 C O
2 ^
¿ <U?„ 4- d GS = o O )
Ej> ( O 9 'v e s : c = - o . ( ? )
3 -9 2
E gs • (s o cxyvxJ ( f ) 2 j ,'e l ¿ :
J: 4-a-(2S «0 = - t> Üü- C'O)

69*
or
t (i “ = -O . ( 2 l W « )
0?
cn< y = _ a ( I W J L I 0 0
£gs- 0 o ") 0 0 3 '‘ v e :
j B « ./ o 2.
oo
E^s • C7)^ O O OJ~A ( 5 ) lea-á tó
— 2 y G 5„ &S'
O * CJ>n) + O, 6 9 „ - O* CJ =
G 5 * - Cu9n2
cSX - 69 4
_ _ rw 0 0
a» =
^ y + 2 r « o *
E % s- (? ') ojtJ i Q O 9 lV€

2, 2
C = -
a9 „ - 03
a*o
(a ? n2 - w 1 ) 2 + O?2 ( n « „ )
E £ s- 0 * ? a/» 'J (o ") r e s u .lt fn :
a s nz - a?* (2 *j 6 9 » ) 65
( W - a ? * ) 2' -i- Í « " ) Z (6 9 a - k S »1 )
2 T 69„ 6? Z
eo
(C^n2 - « O * + ( 2 r 6 S tt) Z 692
3-93
F .W U y > O2 ) O O S'V e
(z t 0 ? „ ) c*9„
a =
(í¿> ¿ _ Oí1 ) 2 + (2 T W n / í 3 2 (w 2 - C *?^ )
(z T ^«1 " ) 69 "

oo
05
C W n * -^ ^ f O * " " }
3 -9 4
Leí T0 be He ma.es m o w e n t o f Ín ertía, of tíre w tee(
cd »0"1^ tke q j ^Cs o f i f e e sA ofF *
(Y lo m e n t <Ju€ fe ffce q-¡> ¡»lceJ ^ orce f- i b ) c ú o o u b t f c e c o o is

of H\e skof t íS gí ven Ly
/*(£) = 0>2 5 f í¿) = |25 Sin 3 o £ /V - ^
fg u a /h o n 0f m oF /'on fo r FAe tbrSioncuL m o t i'o n o f "tte

ujkeel o-S S em U y c a -v i te exprersed oA
T e - f- © =■ M ( i ) = í2 5 Sfn 30 t
- /Y|0 s i n OSt CO
re /VI e r (2 5 N -m o-nd - 3 0 1r aJi//s>
Lfl-pIcLce tra -n sforvr) of (t} :
J-^2 © f c ) + fc. © = Mo _____ .( 2 )

4*+<3*
wker e
© C-O = J £ [© C 3)
E? ■ ( O 31 ' v e s
Mo «
© fc ) = * f c ")
(¿*+ O 0 * * + * 0
In v erse L su^loxe fra - n s fo rm 0f te
ex-joresseJ aA
•c« **"£•<«] • ^
U nere Cs^
^ ^ CO
d
Fr or * v Lo>plA-ce t'ra.ns/orm f á _ bí e ? ^ ♦ C5" } c¿a- ' n
ex-jar^sed o*
e c-t) ^ J U lff J í ¿ s.v, ost - * .v o$n t j ( 7 ^

J 05^- «n ( 69 ^ J
por îVen d o / t a o E ^ » (tO tecom es
0 Ct") - (Z 5 Cl ° 2 , £ „ £ -L sin 3 o Í - — Sin GSn t i"

J- 3 0 * - ^ ¿ 3° J
- ?7 5 ° f Sm 301 _ S.'n ¿ 3 n ¿ 7
J- ( 9 0 0 - G9„a ) ( 30 0 9 „ J
3 -9 6
G e n e roJ "tro-n s/er ¡fu n c fi'o n fs gi Vev-> fc>y ( - 4 e e So|uh'or> oj-
ProU em 3.33) :
c A ■+ 'k
T je C -O = CO
y m / + c , s ■+ fc
By S u tstC tu + iV iJ , $ = *'C«5 , £g. CO 5 ''v e s tP¡e fre ^ u e n cj
tfO.inJâ»' - f u n c h 'o n <1-8
,.«,x c ¿ a + ft , .
T , C‘ ¡ í ) = I (2 )
_ vr. ¿ O + 4 os c ■+ íc
CO
- O?2 + 2 Y 6Jn M « - f 69n2
E g • (2 ) ca-w be rewrifCen o í , ^
T . C «1 = « .( « > e ‘ e ‘ ’ .
u 1 ^ O )
^ M ;C * ) S
wkere C4 }
1
W ; C ^ ) = -y= = = ==== CO
sj Qk - m cs> ^ -f (0 5 c ) 2
tci'ñ /L -íL f "N (é^>

- m Q5Z /
<V ») = —= L = z C r)
£ 0 ») = ) (O
3 -9 7
To fínd ífc e m o-g n ifu cíe. o f ~Tx r e U /ri t e
7
( 2 ”)
(côS + o f o - ^ z : > - *,apc }

T x ( ^ ) = l —
* ( ¿ - m os'1 ) + (eje)
c ^ c ) * ■+ < { CCS ( * - * " & ) - 6 , 6 **}
(í< - VnOSZ ' ) Z H- ( o s e ) 2

., . es)
From Eg,* ( ? ) * f f re m agnirude of 7~x
~3
CQ.'n be ¿Aei:erm/r>e CJ1 ~)2 + (ase')2

Qo)
GLin d I !■>e la ^ C L S e c u n ó le c tS
F ro m t(ie golu/hon o¡f Problen-) 3 . 5 ^ 5 w e jio.ve
XC¿) 1
T * C-O - CO
f FGO M <«*-+ +- fc
Su-t S 4rí t u f i 'n g <.'65 ,V> jaleLce . (i) jt'v e s ftre
^ reû en^ f?o -n sfe r -fu n cfro r» a-S
1
T x. C ¿ " ) = O )
- (V\ o ? 2- + CiCS + k
£
I X. ( t ú ? ) X
CO
F
/ ( f c - /VI 032- ) -+ (e o s)*
S i'n c e tíre m a^r\ f P u d e cf ffce u n b o ia n c e d cfo rce F
ís gíven by
F - YT3 e C^2 CO
-£* ( O ^ iV e s tA e rrm g ^ X Íü r¿íL o j- f£ e resjoonre gls
rn e g3
x = = ■.- co
^(•fe - M o 3 2'^ ) 2 - f (c u ?)2
From Eg ■ ( i ) ,
4 fítf_ ( (j 3 }
T x ( ‘ O = (W* C O . e ■*
* 5^0 CcO
/n0 ( « O . e
co
<¡&¿ ( o ' y
íy \: ccs~). e
3 -9 9
lA /êre
1
!A;(OS) = ......... ..... ............. (7 )
M651 ) * + C C a )Z
i<¡M = w r tJC a co
M C3* )
tt0 ( C ¿ ) = 1 0 0
£ C^) - o 0 °)
-p h e a -rY *v | a X l/tu ^ c^. / ¿ C * 6-9') fs ven Eg. (3 * )
o -r \ d tte |oha.se a /r ^ t e
^ ( 6 9 ) = ^ 0 0
/VI 09 - ^
3 -1 0 0
% Ex3_103.m
k = 4000; ‘
m = 10;
w = 10;
FO = 2 0 0 ;
wn = s q r t ( k / m ) ;
xO = 0 . 1 ;
xO_dot = 1 0 ;
f _ 0 = FO/m;
f o r i = 1 : 501
t (i ) = 3 * ( i - l ) / 5 0 0 ;
x ( i ) = x 0 _ d o t * s i n ( w n * t ( i ) ) / wn + (xO - f _ 0 / (wn'N2 - w / 2 ) ) * c o s ( w n * t ( i ) ) . . .
+ f _ 0 / ( w n /N2 - w A2 ) * c o s ( w * t ( i ) ) ;
end
p lo t ( t ,x ) ;
xlabel( 't ');
ylabel('x (t )');
3 -1 0 1
tspan = [0 : 0 . 0 1 : 10] ;
xO = [ 0 . 1 ; 1 0 ] ;
[ t , x ] = o d e 2 3 ( ' d fu n c: 3 _ 1 0 4 ' / t s p a n , x O ) ;
d isp(' t x(t) x d (t)');
d is p ( [ t x] ) ;
p l o t ( t , x ( : , 1 )) ;
x l a b e l ( ' t ') ;
g t e x t ( ' x ( t ) '.);
% dfunc3_104.m
•fionction f = dfunc3_104(t,x)
F0 = 2 0 0 ;
w = 10;
u = 0.3;
m = 10;
k = 4000;
f = z e r o s (2 , 1 ) ;
fC l) = X (2 );
f (2) = (FO/m) * s i n ( w * t ) - 9 .8 1*u *sig n (x(2 )) - (k/m )*x(l);
3 -1 0 2
% Ex3_105.m
% f h i s p r o g r a m w i l l u s e t h e f u n c t i o n dfunc:3_105-m, they should
'% b e i n t h e same f o l d e r
tspan = [0 : 0 . 02: 2 ] ;
x0 = [ 1 ; 0J;
[ t , x ] = o d e 2 3 ( ' df unc:3_105; , t s p a n , xO) ;
disp(' t x(t) x d (t)');
d is p ( [t x ] );
p lo t (t ,x (: , 1));
xlabel( 't ');
gtext('x (t )');
% d fu n c ;3 _ 1 0 5 .m
f - u n - ct i on f = dfunc.3_105( t ^ x )
m = 100;
k = 40000;
zeta = 0.25;
Y = 0 .0 5 ;
w = 10;
"c - 2 * zeta * sqrt(k*m );
f = z e r o s (2 , 1 ) ;
f (1 ) = x ( 2 ) ;
f (2) = k * Y * s i n ( w * t ) / m + c*w *Y*cos (w * t)/m - c * x ( 2 )/m - (k/m )*x(l);
3 -1 0 3
» Ex3_105
t x(t) xd(t)
O 1. 0000 o
0.0200 0.9272 -6.9328
0.0400 0.7381 -11.5448
0.0600 0.4823 -13.6094
0.0800 0.2096 -13.3072
0.1000 -0.0372 -11.1218
0.1200 -0.2270 -7.7195
1.8000 -0.0523 0.3904

1.8200 -0.0434 0.4869
1.8400 -0.0329 0.5637
.1.8600 - 0.0 210 0.6179
1.8800 -0.0083 0.6473
1.9000 0.0047 0.6510
1.9200 0.0176 0.6286
1.9400 0.0297 0.5811
1.9600 0.0406 0.5 1 03
l._9800 0.0499 0.4194
2.0000 0.0 5 72 0.3120
3 -1 0 4
% E x 3 _ 1 0 6 . m ( P r o g r a m 3 .m)
% Main program which c a l i s HARESP
%
%=======================================================================
% Run "Ex3_106.m." i n MATLAB command w i n d o w . E x 3 _ 1 0 6 . m a n d h a r e s p . m s h o u l d
% b e i n t h e same f o l d e r , a n d s e t t h e p a t h t o t h i s f o l d e r
% f o l l o w i n g seven l i n e s c o n t a i n problem -dependent data
xm= 1 0 . 0 ;
xk=1000;
zeta=0 . 1 ;
xc= 2*zeta*sqrt(xk*xm );
f 0=100.0;
om=2 0 . 0 ;
n=2 0 ;
ic= l;
% end o f problem -dependent data
[ t , x / x d , x d d / x a m p , x p h i ] = h a r e s p ( x m , x c , x k , f O , om, i c , n ) ;
% fo llo w in g lin e s output the r e s u lts
f p r i n t f ( ' S t e a d y s t a t e r e s p o n s e o f an u n d a m p e d \ n ' ) ;
f p r i n t f ( ' S i n g l e d e g re e o f freed om system under harmonio f o r c e \ n \ n ' ) ;
f p r i n t f ( 'Given d a ta \ n ') ;
f p r i n t f ( ' x m = %1 0 . 8 e \ n ' , x m ) ;
f p r i n t f ( ' x c = %1 0 . 8 e \ n ' , x c ) ;
f p r i n t f ( ' x k = %1 Ó. 8 e \ n ' , x k ) ;
f p r i n t f ( ' f 0 = %1 0 . 8 e \ n ' , f 0 ) ;
f p r i n t f ( ' o m = %1 0 . 8 e \ n ' , o m ) ;
f p r i n t f ( ' i c = %1 . O f \ n ' , i c ) ;
f p r i n t f ('n = %2 . O f \ n \ n \ n ' , n ) ;
f p r i n t f ( 'R espon se: \n\n') ;
fp riritf(' i x(i) xd (i) xdd(i)');
f p r i n t f (' \n\n') ;
for i= l:n
f p r i n t f (' %2 . Of %1 0 . 8 e %1 0 . 8 e %1 0 . 8 e \ n ' , i , x ( i ) # . . .
x d ( i ) , xdd(.i)) ;
end
s u b p l o t ( 31 1) ;
p l o t (t ,x ) ;
y l a b e l ( 'x ( t ) ') ;
g t e x t ( 'x ( t ) ') ;
s u b p l o t ( 31 2) ;
p l o t (t , x d ) ;
y l a b e l ( 'x d (t ) ') ;
g t e x t ( 'xd (t) ' ) ;
s u b p l o t ( 31 3) ;
p lot(t,x d d ) ;
y l a b e l ( ' xdd(t ) ') ;
g t e x t ( ' xdd(t ) ') ;
xla b el( 't ' ) ;
%===========================================================
%.
% fu n ction haresp.m
%
%===========================================================
f u n c t i o n [ t , x , x d , x d d , x a m p , x p h i ] = h a r e s p ( x m , x c , x k , f 0 , om, i c , n ) ;
o r a n= s q r t ( x k / x m ) ;
x a i = x c / (2 . 0 *xm*omn)';
d s t = f 0/ x k ;
r=om/omn;
x a m p = d s t / s q r t ( ( 1 . 0 - r A2 ) A2 + ( 2 . 0 * x a i * r ) A2 ) ;
x p h i = a t a n ( 2 . 0 * x a i * r / ( 1 . 0 - r A2 ) ) ;
d e l t = 2 . 0 * 3 .1 4 1 6 /(om*n);
tim e=0 . 0 ;
i f i c ~=0
fo r i= l:n
tim e=tim e+delt;
t ( i ) = tim e;
x(i)=xam p*cos(om *tim e-xphi);
x d ( i ) = - x a m p * om* s i n ( om* t i m e - x p h i ) ;
x d d ( i ) = - x a m p * om/' 2 * c o s ( o m * t i m e - x p h i ) ;
end
else
for i= l:n
tim e=tim e+delt;
t (i ) = tim e;
x ( i ) =xamp* s i n ( om* t i m e - x p h i ) ;
x d ( i ) =x a mp * o m * c o s ( o m * t i m e - x p h i ) ;
x d d ' ( i ) =- xamp* omA2 * s i n ( o m * t i m e - x p h i ) ;
end
end
» Ex3_l 06
S t e a d y s t a t e r e s p o n s e o f an undamped
S i n g l e d e g r e e o f f r e e d o m s y s t e m u n d e r haannoni c f o r c é
Given data
xm = 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e + 00 1
x c = 2 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 e +001
x k = 1.0 00000b0e+003
fO = 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e + 0 02
om = 2 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 e +001
ic = 1
n = 20
Response:
i x(i) xd (i) x d d (i )
1 2 . 9 7 9 8 7 0 9 5 e - 002 - 2 . 85475021e-001 - 1 . 1 9 1 9 4 8 3 8 e + 001

2 2 . 3 9 2 9 4 0 8 5 e - 002 - 4 . 5 5 6 6 9 3 8 3 e - 001 - 9 . 57176339e+000
3 1 . 5 7 1 7 7 1 9 3 e - 002 - 5 . 81259445e-001 -6.28708774e+000
4 5 . 9 6 7 4 6 3 2 O e - 003 - 6 . 4 9 9 5 1 5 1 8 e - 001 - 2 . 3 8 6 9 8 5 2 8 e + 000
5 - 4 . 36693253e-003 - 6 . 5 5 0 2 1 5 1 3 e - 001 1 . 7 4 6 7 7 3 0 1 e + 000
6 -1.42738605e-002 - 5 . 95973141e-001 5.70954420e+000
3 -1 0 6
7 -2 .27835571e-002 - 4 . 78586496e-001 9 . 11342282e+000
8 -2 .9 0 6 3 0300e-002 - 3 . 14352252e-001 1 . 16252120e+001
9 -3.24975978e-002 -1 .1 9 3 4 6 8 77e-001 1 . 29990391e+001
10 - 3 . 2 7 .5 1 0 5 9 6 e - 0 0 2 8 . 7 3 4 1 0 5 6 6 e - 002 1 . 31004238e+001
11 - 2 . 97986046e-002 2.85479399e-001 1 . 19194419e+001
12 - 2 . 39292411e-002 4 . 55672899e-001 9 . 5 7 1 6 9 644e+000
13 -1.57175058e-002 5 . 81261754e-001 6 . 2 8 7 0 0 2 3 3 e + 000
14 - 5 . 96722446e-003 6.49952395e-001 2.38688978e+000
15 4 . 3 6 7 1 7 3 1 3 e - 003 6 . 5 5 0 2 0 8 7 2 e - 001 - 1 . 74686925e+000
16 1 . 4 2 7 4 0 7 9 4 e - 002 5 . 95971044e-001 - 5 . 7 0 9 6 3 1 7 6 e + 000
17 2 . 2 7 8 3 7 3 2 9 e - 002 4 . 7 8 5 8 3 1 4 8 e - 001 - 9 . 11349314e+000
18 2.90631454002 3 . 1 4 3 4 7 9 8 2 e - 001 - 1 . 1 6 2 5 2 5 8 2 e + 001
19 3 . 24976417e-002 1 . 19342102e-001 - 1 . 2 9 9 9 0 5 6 7 e + 001
20 3 . 2 7 5 1 0 2 7 5 e - 002 - 8 . 7 3 4 5 8 6 8 7 e - 002 - 1 . 3 1 0 0 4 1 1 0 e + 001
3 -1 0 7
l% E x 3 _ 1 0 7 .m
Y= O. 0 5 ;
zeta = 0 .1 ;
wn = 8 . 1 6 4 9 6 6 ;
w = 2.90889;
r = w/wn;
x = Y * sqrt( (1 + (2 * z e t a * r ) A2 ) / ( ( l - r A2 ) A2 + (2 * z e t a * r ) A2 ) ) ;
disp (' w wn x ') ;
d i s p ( [w wn x ] ) ;
w = 14.54445;
r = w/wn;
x = Y * s q r t ( (1 + (2 * z e t a * r ) A2 ) / ( ( l - r A2 ) A2 + (2 * z e t a * r ) A2 ) ) ;
d i s p ( [w wn x ] ) ;
w = 29.08890;
r = w/wn;
d i s p ( [w wn x ] ) ;
wn = 6 . 3 2 4 5 5 5 ;
w = 2.90889;
r = w/wn;
d i s p { [w wn x ] ) ;
w = 14.54445;
r = w/wn;
x = Y * s q r t { (1 + (2 * z e t a * r ) A2 ) / ( ( l - r A2 ) A2 + (2 * z e t a * r ) A2 ) ) ;
d isp ( [w wn x ] ) ;
w = 29.08890;
r = w/wn;
d isp ( [w wn x ] ) ;
» E x3_107
w wn x
2.90889000000000 8.16496600000000 0.05722376420338
14.5 44450 00 00 00 00 8.16496600000000 0.02410324256879
29.0 88900 00 00 00 00 8.16496600000000 0.00524102723160
2.9 0889 00 00 00 00 0 6.32455500000000 0.06325355032007
14.5 44450 00 00 00 00 6.32455500000000 0.01275990975243
29.08890000000000 6.32455500000000 0.00336736169683
3 -1 0 8
Egua.í ion o f tríotron ís m x + c% + -üx = +
Wben ^ ( t ) = Y t,n c s t , = X cos ( c j t - ? , - ¿ 2.)
Complete Solut/on co.»’ be exp ressed a j
x(t)= X0 e- Y W ,,t eos ( ( ¿ j t + j¿0') + X coi ( c s t - j i , - (e.i)
uítb x = v r 1 + (n r ): -|
L 0- + (2 T 0 2 -I *
¿ ,= , !42 = fem- 1 ( ^ 7 ) , T = -§;'
rf ffte ínih'osl con d rtion s are Known x ( t ^ o ') = x Q a-rnd x ( t = o )=
*„ > ô= X9 + X c ^ ( ^ , + ¿ 2)
etnd ¿o = “ X0 O Í & - G9j X0 S.nô - o X Sin 5¿z)
Henee
icnte
[ { , „ - x « .(* .* > ]* ♦ { - *• - TO-^ -T r“ ; x

^ Í - X q -TCJr, * 0 + r ^ r , * C0* (<?, + ? 2) + 0S X *¿n(tf + ft2) l
L CJj [ x0 - X oí (
fli-b<
Pz
)f —*
I f necessa-ry, ¿he velociíy a-nd accelera--tfon x ( t ) can be
found from E g . ( E - l ) * The computer f»rog ra-m a-nd sutû/t ajre
gíven below.
n n n n n n n n
SGLUTIÜN ÜF PROBLEM 3.108

MAIN PRÜGRAU wHICH CALLS BASEX
RESPÜN6E ÜF A ¿INGLE D.O.F. SÍSTEM SUBJECTED TO BASE EXC1TAIIUN,
i Cr)=¥*SlN(0M*T)
3 -1 0 9
C FULLUrtiNG 3 LINES CONFAIN PRÜBLEM-DEPENDENT LATA
DIMENSION XC20),XD(20),XDD(20)
DATA XM,XC,XK,Y,UM,N/2.0,iO.0,100.0,0.1,25.0,20/
DATA XO,XDO/O.01,5.0/
C END ÜF PRUBLEM-DEPENDEN! LATA
CALL BASEX (XM,XC,X K , Y ,O M ,N ,X,XD,XDD,X O ,XDO)
PRINT 100
100 FORMA! (//» 33H TOTAL HESPONSE OF AN UNDERDAMPED,/,
2 52H SINGLE D.U.F. SYSTEM UNDER HARMONIO BASE EXCITAriON)
PRINT 200, XM,XC,X K ,Y ,U M ,N
20U FURMAT (//,12H GIVEN DATA:,/,5H XM =,E15.8,/,5H XC =,E15.8,/,
2 5H XK =,E15.8,/,5H Y =,E15.8,/,5H ÜM =,E15.8,/,5H N =,12)
PRINT 300,XO,XDO
300 FDRMAT (/,20H INIIIAL CÜNDIT10NS:,/,6H XO = ,E15.8,/,6H XDO =,
2 El5•8)
PRINT 400
400 FORMA! (//,10H RESPÜNSE:,//,5H 1 ,3X,SH X(I),12X,6H XDll),
2 11X ,7H XDDCI) ,/)
DO 500 1=1,N
500 PR1N r 600, I,XU),XD(I),XDDCI)
600 FDRMAT (14,2X,E15.8,2 X ,E 15.8,2X,E 15.8)
STOP
ENÜ
n
n
SUBRQUTINE BASEX
n
n
n
SUBRÜUTINE BASEX CXM,XC ,XK,Y ,OM,N ,X ,XD ,XDD ,XO ,JCDO)

DIMENSION X(N),XD(N),XDD(N)
DMN=SÜRTIXK/XM)
XAI=XC/(2.0*XM*OMN)
ÜMD=ÜMN*SQRT(1.0-XAI**2)
R=OM/OMN
DELT=2.0*3.1416/(OMD*REALCM))
XÁMP=Y*SQRT(1.0+(2.0*XAI*R)**2/(t1.0-R*t2)**2+(2.O*XAI*R)**2))
PHI1=ATAN(2.0*XAI*R/(1.0-R*R))
PHI2=ATAN(1.0/(2.0*XA1*R))
XCC=XC
T1ME=0•O
DO 10 1=1,M
TlME=TlMEtDELT
XC=XO-XAMP*CUS(PH11+PH12)
XS=(-XDO-XA1*OMN*XC+OM*XAMP*S1N(PHI1+PHI2))/OMD
XZ=SQRT(XC**2fXS**2)
PZ=AIAN(XS/XC)
EX=EXP(-XAI*OMN*TIME)
CS=CQS(OMD*TIME+PZ)
SI=S1N COMD* T1ME +PZ)
OS12=COS(OM*TIME"PH11-PH12)
SI12=SIN(QM*TIME-PHI1-PH12)
X U ) = X Z +EX*CS + XAMP*CS12
XD(1)=-XA1*0MN*XZ*E.X*CS-0MD*XZ*EX*SI-0M*XAMP*SI12
10 Xl>D(I)=XZ*EX*CS*((XAl*OMN)**2-OrfD**2)t2.0*XA1*OMN*ÜMD*XZ*EX*S1
2 -(ÜM**2)*XAMP*CS12
3 -1 1 0
xc=xcc
RETURN
END
TOTAL r e s p ü n s e ü f a n u n d e r ü a m p e d
SINGLE D.O.F. SXSTEM UNDER HARMUN1C BASE EXCITATION
GIVEN d a t a :
XM = O •2000 OOUUE + Q 1
XC = 0.10000000E+02
XK = 0.lOOOODOüE+03
í = 0.ÍOOOQOOOE+OO
OM = U.25000000E+02
N =20
I N H I A L CONOITIONS:
XO = 0.99999998E-02
XDO = 0.50000000E+01
response:
1 XC1J XD(I) XDO C1)
1 -0.50330855E-01 -0.57580528E+01 •0,10305269E+02

2 -0.30772516E+00 -0.44899216E+01 0.6255B521E+02
3 -Ü.434128B5E+00 -0.65008521E+Q0 0. 85064461L+02
4 -0.38465756E+00 0 •22720275E+01 0.28117821E+02
5 -0.27407524E+00 0.18295681E+01 -0.40405914E+02
6 -0.24066399E+00 •0,41657627E+00 -0.39765869E+02
7 -Q.2B432682E+00 -0.90879965E+00 0.23411983E+02
8 -0.279709U7E+00 0.14345939E+01 0.64174423E+02
9 -0.14b24044E+00 0.38 781688E+01 0 .26183165E + 02
10 0.39102390E-01 0.33305802E+01 -0.47345394E+02
11 0.12840362EtÜ0 0•26650119E+00 •0,67513680E+02
12 0.808B3794E-01 -0.18088942E+01 -0.1097Q811E+02
13 0.96553117E-02 -0.68976790E+00 0.50778744E+ 02
14 0.38462169E-01 0.18209940E+01 0 •40712753E + 02
15 0,14735566E+00 0.22107751E+01 -0.27525837E+02
16 0.19996722E+00 -0.31552225E+00 -0.66972618E+02
17 0,117646Ü7E+00 -0.28227291E+Ü1 -0.26468327E+02
18 -0,18114097E-01 •0.23140993E+01 0•45068512E+02
19 -U.63696094L-01 0.51316518E+UQ 0.59701672E+02
20 0.10478826E-01 0.21295214E+01 0.43720150E+00
3 -1 1 1
P(oh o f Jra -fh o f ^ versu s r fo r \jaXuM cff
s ■•
M /\TLA B progra-m:
% fig3_109a
clear;clc
segment=300
for ksi=0:0.2:l
for nu=l:segment
% nu=nu+l
r(nu)=(3-0)/segment*nu;
fvl(nu)=(l-r(nu)*r(nu))A2;
fv2(nu)=(2*ksi*r(nu))*(2*ks¡*r(nu));
fv(nu)=r(nu)*r(nu)/(sqrt(fvl(nu)+fv2(nu)));
end
plot(r,fv/-k');
hold on;
end
axis([0,3^0,5])
xlabel('r');
ylabelfMX/me');
gtext('\zeta=0');
gtext('\zeta=0.2');
gtextCXzeta^.^);
gtextCXzeta^.b');
gtext('\zeta=0.8');
gtext('\zeta=1.0l);
3 -1 1 2
3 -1 1 3
G r < ^ pk o f ~- versus r £or d r / f e r e n f vagues* o/ y ;
% fig3_110a
Ai AT L AB
j? r o g rcur> clear;clc
segment=300
for ksi=0:0.2:l
for nu=l:segment
% nu=nu+l
r(nu)=(3-0)/segment*nu;
fvl(nu)=(l-r(nu)*r(nu))A2;
fv2(nu)=(2*ksi*r(nu))*(2*ksi*r(nu));
fv3(nu)=l+(2*ksi*r(nu))A2 ;
fv(nu)=sqrt(fv3(nu)/(fvl(nu)+fv2(nu)));
end
r;
fv;
plot(r,fv,'-k');
hold on;
end
axis([0,3,0,5])
xlabel('r');
ylabelí'X/Y1);
gtext('\zeta=0');
gtext('\zeta=0.2');
gtext('\zeta=0.4');
gtext('\zeta=0.6');
gtext('\zeta=0.8');
gtext('\zeta=1.0');
3-114
A /X
3 -1 1 5
Un ículcLnced forcé in- verbicccL d ir e c tio n = m e cjz sin c j t
©
£ 1)
Unbo'tGLnc.ed for ce. in hor iôn ta,[ d ir e c tio n =■ O
L et Al = toto'L mcuss q f t h e shcuker
E ûaJrion of m o tio n is A lx -j- c d -¡- k. -z — m e o52’.?»‘n c jt f e )
ste a -d y s b a jte S o lu t io n Qf ( £ ¿ ) is
x ( t ) = x sin ( p t - X ) O í)
U ihere
3 -1 1 6
z
m e r
* = « [ ( j . ^ * ( z í ,)‘ ] 1S C‘ f )
“ J A , f- L L f.) fe )
" * " * r , i , o /P V f e ) fe )
h
F regn en c^ rcx^j e; 20 H¿. fe 3<J Hj.
t*e»> 1 25. 6£4 ra -á /sec to ISS>»<43é' ra-d/see
(25*664- ra -A / s e c < 03 < 188-4-9(5 r a .A / s e c ( £ 7)
O» i < X < o-2' i^/Aere X i’s j i v e n by ( E^) •
A lea n p o u /e r o a t ^ a t over cu -bim e p e rC o cl V is 9 ,Ven ^y

ry
P" F / F fr) ^ 0 0 J* (E s )
U; h. e re <■£- - 2tt ^
09
F ( 'Z ') = tn e 692 í i n 03Í: , a-nd
-~ - = 03 X e o s (o s t - /* )
cvfc
? £ i ¿f fe o )
A
m —•
P ro c e d u re :
fe)
Fd'nJ Cü, e j Al , m f; cur¡d C
So ai io S cL h 'sfy f/,e r e ^ u ír e m e n t s s t a ie d m
C^7*) í fe s).» ( f e o ) a-nd
F
^ - = Z 5 8 - 7 9 9 2 I b - S3/ i n > i - Goo" » E = 3 o x i o 6 ps{
[ 3. 1 12 ) J5»6.4
*= i r f - (V -O -a-
03= 27t(ís) = 3 4 . 24 * r« fe s e c S Y = <>• (5
G rou n d c u c c c le r a ^ -tt'o r ) = /5 3 . 2 SiVi 3 4 - 2 4 5 t ' * / s*
fe/)
3 -1 1 7
EûcutCon of motion:
m -f- C -1- * - - m ^ - - SO OOO Sin *2 lf8 t ( e 2)
U /h e re - x —^ — r e io ^ tiv e . dísjola.cc-me.né •
L < ¿t ^ (t) = z si n (c&t -já ) = Z Sin ( f ^ - 2 4 8 t - / ) (fe )

ta/¿Hi ^ _ _________- £ £ o o o __________
fe )
y (ik - m 2 -f- c 1 ^ 2-'
¿ = i ^ n '1 Z _ £ Í L _ \ CE0
4c — m
\ -fe- có V
ÍT163 I
3 - - 4_______________________ h P
_ Ü Ü => 3 2ma.x _ F¿
Yn«.x 3 £ I =* — - —
'♦I
/yja.x . ¿ e n d m ^ m om ent =■ M =■ F ^
M ax. ¿en«Jfag str ess = /W f % ) = tA •^

E l “
m a x im a m y e la -t iV e cíTspla-cemenfc ^mCLX = 2 > j's knoun ,

yna.%- b e n Jtn g stre s s ( 07 ) iS 3 >Ven bj/
3 P ~
I r
3> i r e c t C o m p re ss»ve s tre s s £<jj ) du.e ¿o vve.'^Kt o/ w a - te r
tcLxxk is
__ 4 x io
2 ~ .-^ O '- c l * ) 7T ¿ P * - cP )
Tobcî s tre ss = oy -p < 30 ooo j>sl*
l,e v 3 5 4 xio ? /* n
— Z 4- Z ----------------- < 3 0 O OO (E6 )
2 f 2 T T C P ^ - d 2) "" '
Na¿hura,i Jr e g a e n c j of \jjcutex to_nfc ¿s
63. _ IT T 1 _ / q -0 2 0 4 5 3 > , o7r JC2^

n Y ^ \/ 25**7772 " . see
4 _ j í 2 1-1240 * (0S ( éT7)
W eíjht of s te e i column ís
w ¿- d‘ )je = £ ( ^ - 0 M e - * * 3)
= 133-3609 ( D 2- - ^ 2- ) ¿ t. ^
3 -1 1 8
Problem: u ¿ iect
íiWDj to resirfcfrib n y
R „J { » } fe mfnímê ■ <
°í C^é) cun.4 ( b 7^. /4/so use t/ic C o n d » £ i ‘o n í :
£> > d^ 3> £ O ancj d £ o ,

Procedure;
Flo-t -fAe m egu.aJife’e.s (Bg)
cunA CE j ') ,n D - <d ¿p a -c-e cmd

dra-iv' c o r)"b o u rs o-nd
~tke. m ín im u m wei^H't des»‘gn,
3 -1 1 9
Chapter 4
Vibration Under General
Forcing Conditions
4.1 ) F ( t ) = A + Sin cá t - iA Z? — ---- 7 eos n ca t where e 9 = ^ I

^ 2 ^ n = 2 ,4 ,6 ,... C^2-- 1)
x(t)= A - + A . I A I s í n ( u t - JZÍ )
7TX 2* \J(1- r * ) + f 2 T r ) z '
_ LÜ . Z " 1 , dr T eos f w t - <?„)

* * « « * ,4 , « ,■ • > * -* -) A 1" " l r l ) + (2T n r) >
% > . ■ 4 - 1>--‘ ( t S i ) > "J »>„-
4 2 \ From ib e Soíution o f pro blem 1.109,
fO ) í ^ h ~ %
l - ( ZFo M r ) + 2 F° J % ~ * ~ *
F o u r ie r series re p re se .n t< 2 .tib n of F fO
F<rt> = -A - £$ _ l_ os „ » t
n = f í 3J 5J ---
00 1 c o s ( jn t & t — * » )
Fo 4 Fo
••• *o> -S
2* TTZ'fc r>= 1, 3."- - r V ) a -f ( z r ^ O 2'
V ("
wKere CJ 2r nr \
r ' G9 „ a-nd ^
rn = W * (-
f- nz r*y
(^4^ ) F(t) = S (-± ) 2 sin u/kere 03 = -^gr

V _y tt* 7 ”
X Í t ') = 8Fo ^ 1 / ~7— £ o — frb(n C jt-¿ )
wKere r = o / » ,, and i = -¿an" 1/ liL X l!- I_ N\

_____________________________ n_______ 2;________ l 1- wfr y ______________
FO ) = A + A ¿ i Sin nosfc wJ,e re 63= ^
® 1r n = l , 2 .............
4-1
x(-t') - Fú I yr* j_ - -- = = — Sin ( n L ó t -
2* ™ / ( i - »i r i )i + c 2 í « r )
wKere r = ^ /6 3 „ cund d = W 1 ( ■ - 'r - i r- .

r" V I - n2 r-
From Example 1.19, p f t ) = A f f - - — sin n a s t ] where 0 5 = ^

' ' ^ L * = 1,2,3,...
x ft) = Tí " TFfc S i , 2,3,...'" J ( l - ^ r z f + ( Z7^ r ) ¿ Sm í¿" )
where r= G^ l s r, and ^ = han 1
T orgae, M t ( t )
»-Ti'me j í
Torque transmitted to driyen gear is shown in tlie figure. It can be expressed as:
^ oo /
Mt(t) f- J] a^ cos n cj t 4- bn sin n üj t
2 a-1 ^
1000
wbere cu = 2 tt = 104.72 rad/sec
60
2 7T 15
r = ---- = 0.06 sec : .— t = 0.05625 sec
w , 16
Mto = 1000 N - m ; 0 < t < — r

— ~ 16
Mt(t) = i
° ; f r < t < r
0.05625
o 9nnn
ao = - / M t(t) dt = / (1000) dt = - ^ r (0.05625) = 1875.0 N —m
0.06 0.06
0.05625
2 2
an = — J M t(t) cos n u t dt = — Mto / cos n cj t dt
7" r> T „
0.05625
2 M.to sin n o; t 318.3091 .
sin 5.8905 n N—m
n cj
4 -2
_ t o Tv/f 0.05625
2 ¿ -M-to
bn = — J Mt(t) sin n cj t dt = ------------ J sin n c j t dt
7 o , 0.05625 7 o
2 M to e o s n cj t 318.3091
1 — cos 5.8905 n N—m
r n cj n
7T (0.05)'
k. = ^ - = G
n í ü L É l ) 1
= (80 (109)) Y = 392,700 N -m /r a d
± r \ 7-
kt / 392700 , ,
CJ„ =
V
Eqnation of motion:
— = — — — = 1981.6660 rad/sec
an co
J0 6 + kt 0 = M t(t) -------1- £¡ ¡a^ cos n to t + bn sin n cj t
2 n = l
Response:
an co a^ cos n cj t + bn sin n cj t
W - ^ + S
2 k t ' n=i { kt ~ Jo (n c j)5
= 0.0023873
00 318.3091 sin 5.8905 n cos cj t + 318.3091 (1 — cos 5.8905 n) sin n cj t )
rad
n (392700.0 - 1096.6278 n2)
Base motion is given by:
y(t) = r + € — r cos cj t — ¿ cos (p = r + ¿ — r cos cj t —€ ' v i sm (1)

Using € sin (p = r sin cj t, Eq. (1) becomes
Using the approximation:

y(t) = r + € — r cos cj t —/ V 1 -------—Tj- s i n 2 c j t
<?2
(2 )
Eq. (2) can be expressed as

V r2
1 ------— sin2
t2
cj
r2
t ~ 1 ---------- — sin2
2 £
cj t (3)
1 T . 2 ±
y(t) = r + ^ — r cos cj t — £
~2 8 ^
,2
r
— r — r cos cj t + cos 2 cj t (4)
4
4 -3
Equation of motion:
m x + c x + k x = k y + c y
k<f k<?
= k r — k r cos cj t + cos 2 cj t +
c£
+ cr cj s in cj t + (2 cj) s in 2 cj t + ••• (5)
Solution of Eq. (5) can be found by a d d in g the Solu tio ns d u e to each te rm on th e rig h t
h an d sid e of Eq. (5).
Solution due to constant term , F0 (term s 1 and 3 on the r.h .s. o f E q. (5)):
- f wnt c o s (c j¿ t — (j))
x(t) = ^ 1 -
(6 )
V í - í*
where ó = tan - i
V i - ? 2
Solution due to sinusoidal term , F0 sin fl t (term s 5 and 6 on the r.h .s. of Eq.
(5)):
x(t) = X sin (fl t — (j)Q) (7)
F0 n
where X = — and (¡)0 = tan- i ( 8)
k -m íl2
[(k - m n 2) 2 + c2 n 2]
Solution due to cosine term , F0 cos H t (term s 2 and 4 in E q. (5)):
x(t) = X cos (¡T21 — (fiQ) (9)

F0 n
where X = an d (J)q — ta n ^
=■+on (10)
k - m í l 2
[(k - m n 2)2 + c2 n 2] 2
c _ 10
For given data, f = = 0.5, 0.1, CJ = 100, 2 CJ = 200,
2Vm k 2 V i (100)
etc. and the solution of Eq. (5) can be obtained by using Eqs. (6) to (8) suitably.
^ 4 $ ^ Base motion can be represented by Fourier series as (from Example 1.19):
7T
y(t) = I - sin cj t + — sin 2 cj t + — sin 3 cj t + (1)
2 3
4-4
Equation of motion of mass:
m x + c (x — y) + k (x — y) = 0 (2)
Since y(t) is composed of several terms, the solution of Eq. (2) can befound by
superposingg the Solutions corresponding to each of the terms appearing in Eq. (1).
When y(t) = Y /2 , constant, equation of motion becomes:
kY
m x + c x + k x = = constant (3)
The steady state solution of Eq. (3) is given by (see Example 4.9):
- ?w. t
= I 1-
V i-? 2
eos (üj¿ t — <f>) (4)
where (j) — tan-1 (5)

V i-? 2
When y(t) = A sin H t, the steady state solution of Eq. (2) is given by Eq. (3.67):
x(t) = A sin (fi t — <t>) ( 6)
1 + (2 ? r)2
where A = (7)
( l - r 2)2 + ( 2 c r )-
(f) = tan - i (8)

1 + r2 (4 ?2 - 1)
;
and 0
r ==-----
caL
From solution of PVol>Í£ín4.7, we can express the base motion as:
y(t) = r — r cos u t + ~ cos 2 üj t + • •• (1)
Equation of motion:
m x + k (x — y ) ± / ¿ N = 0
or
m x + k x ± / i N = ky
2 V2
r , , k<f r
■—k r cos (ü t ---------- eos 2 oj t + •* * (2)
kr+ 4 7 4 7
For given numerical data, Eq. (2) becomes:
4-5
x + 100 X ± 0.981 = 100 y
100 (1) 0.1 100 (1) 0 .1

100 (0.1) + - (100) (0.1) cos 100 t - cos 200 t —
= 10.25 - 10 cos 100 t - 0.25 cos 200 t - • •• (3)
Using the definition of equivalent damping constant, c ^ , the solution of Eq. (3) can be
found by superposition.
4/iN __ 4 /i m g
(4)
Ceq_ Vñx ~ tto x
where tt is the frequency of the harmonic forcé and X is the amplitude of the mass.
Stead y sta te solution due to constant term , F0, on the r.h .s. o f E q. (3) (from
E x a m p le 4.9)'.
F0 kt
x(t) = - f « kr + (5)
Stead y sta te solution due to harm onic term , F0 eos tt t, on the r.h .s. o f E q . (3)
(from Eqs. (3.89), (3.93) and (3.96)):
x(t) = x cos (n t —4>) (6)
2 4y N
4 /i N
1 - TTFo
ttF0
F0
where X = —— 2 and (j) — tan- i . (7)
k tt2 4^N
i - — 7TFr
N = m g = 1 (9.81) = 9.81 Newtons, 0Jn = ~ = 10 rad/sec, and

+ sign is to be used in Eq. (7) for H < con and - sign for tt > 0Jn. Equations (5) and (6)
can be superposed suitably to find the complete steady state solution of Eq. (3).
Base motion can be represented by Fourier series as (see solution of Pr o b l e m 4.8 or
@ Example 1.19):
y(t) = -X.
7T
7T
—
2
,
(s in í ü t - \
1
2
sin 2 cjtd
1
3
sin3cjt + • ■•)
(i)
Equation of motion of mass:
m x + k ( ( x —y)±¿¿N = 0
4 -6
or
m x + k x ± / i N = ky
kY
sin cj t + — sin 2 cj t + — sin 3 cj t + (2)
7T 2 3
Using the definition of equivalent viscons damping constant:

4 [i N 4 fi m g
ceq — (3)
7r X Tr f í x
where is the frequency of the harmonic forcé and X is the amplitnde of the mass, the
solution of Eq. (2) can be determined using the superposition principie.
Stead y sta te solution due to constant term , F q, on the r.h .s. o f E q. (2)(from
E x a m p le 4.9) i
... Fo kY Y
(4)
x{t) = I T = T F = T
Stead y sta te solution due to harm onic te rm , F0 sin 0 t, on the r.h .s. o f E q. (2)
(from Eqs. (3.89), (3.93) and (3.96)):
x(t) = X sin (fí t — <p)
2 4 /x N
4 fJ, N
1- TTFq
ttF0
F 0
where X = 2 and (j) = tan 1 (6)
k 4 fJ, N
1-
7rFr
*
and + sign is to be used in Eq. (6) for H < oju and - sign for U > c^. Equations (4) and
(5) can be superposed suitably to find the complete steady state solution of Eq. (2).
^ B cu se S K C t i c L b i o n : Y co? 0 * i)
With y - 0 ' 0 5 GS - 5
ion of rnotfon o f the s y s k e . ir»;
m + c ¿ h- - jt ^ -t c ^ = fe Y e o s cj b - cus Y cat
Eû. o^fcior» (E * is SimilcL-r to kg, . (4.8) with ^
0 ^ = 0 , Oi I 5 * Y J fcl = . - c a * Y cund fl*,1 s s o ; -t s 2 ; 3 / -
stúL.te r e s f o n s e of He s ysl<zm ;s g í v e n by
Eq. (E.9) o f Example 4.9:
4 -7
V i)= l f = T 7 ? = = T co* (ajfc- ^
t j Q - r 1) 2 + O 1 i* 1 r i)
+ Í L sm (c ó í - S*,) j
* * - ' J ¡£ ~ J * % F , t e reJ / s
CJ 5 . c C 20
r:= z r = )T= 0-25 , T =■ T " = — :----- ;=— , --o-o 5
" 0 c 2 \[-l< rr¿ 2 x /T o o o T io Y
^ Ji - y/l- T 2' = l ‘J - 9 7 5 r o j/ s
co, = 4<Y = 4 00o (o -os) = zoOj t , = - t w Y = - 2o (?) (o-o 5^ - -5
^ l= ^ ) - fb-Yi ' f 2 ( 0 ' Ú 5 ^ ( ° ‘ 2 f . l \ _ 0.o26£6 roJ

' 1 r ' \ 1 - S-25Z /
)+ ? T 7 Ó = y ( l - O -2 S * " ) 2 + ( 2 *• o .0 5*-o-2 5 ^ Z
= a. 337833
S o lu ti'o n o£ "tê'fionnoêneou s eûa^hio-n ¡s jí v e n by
H - (2 .70):
x^Ct) = X0 e eos (Md t - $0)

- Xo e 1 to s ( n . ^ 5 é - ? !4) ( f -3)
U/kere X 0 d tere u n k n o w r» Co n s ta^ní s .

Total Soluti’on :
x (t)- x fcc t ) + * ¡ , ( * 0 = X0 é e o s (i*}- 915 h -
+ 7 .337833 f COS f s í - c o a f i c f f ) - ^ íínfst- co2& U )J
= x0 e* COS (l 7 - 9 75 ¿ i- 0.0533 IV (V-fc - o - o 2 6 £ é )
-0-00133? Sin ( 5 i - o * o 2 & é é ) 0= ' O

where X 0 a-nd ^>Q are f¿> be founJ J -r o m £ A e inlíC au L
C o n d i ' t i o n S ’. j) i £ f e r e n f í aJcCor\ of- Eg,, f e •4)) g i v e s ’tt je

veiocltw :
£
X fe ) - - X0 € eos (17*975 t - 0 ¿ )
- (l7-7"75) £ ^ «in ((9-975 t -
4 -8
-0-26657 «ín ( 5 i - o-oz 6 s O
- 0-00 eos _ 0 ,0 2 6 6 O CE ‘ 0
USmg ín té ía ,L c o n ¿ i t , ‘o n S*, U/e o fc tc u n
*" x ( t -o ) - o») = )C^ ¿,0 s ^ _j_ o - o 5 3 3 \ L f e¿>s(<5-02(o66)
-f- o •O O l 3 3 3 S f r\ ééé ^
or ^ v
Xo CoS $ o ~ 0'0¿t£G£ ? 4 7 (*•*>>
a-ncj
x o= i C * ^ 0) ^ 1 •o ~ - x 0 eos ^ 4 (7*^75 X 0 sin
4 0-26657 S«‘« ( o - o 2 6 6 6 ^ - o>oo 666 5 eos (o»o2 6 6 6 ^)
0t X 0 S i n <¿Q - 0-052* 7 6 7 S 0*7)
Solutíon o£ E^s‘ ( e * 0 conol (E-7*) giVes
X 0 ^ £ ( X 0 eos 4- ( X0 sin ]¡z - o >olo\ 5Z¿f7 (lE -s )
f , U ‘ Y A ! ^ \ = 0 . ? ^ ^ 1 lé r«J 5)
V * 0 <-«S t , )
Com plete Soluhon ís given bj B ^ . (E-¿/'):

- t
x (k )- o >ol o \ 5 2 ¿ j 7 6 CoS ( l 7 • ? 7 5 i - o •8^2f 5 ?/ é )
4 0-053314 eos (^5 é - o -o 2 6 £ 6 ")
- o • o o 13 3 3 Sin { s í - o*o2666 ( E •í o )
4 -9
A
ic= 5 x 10 N /m > rn- 7 SO Kg , C :o
Egu cutio n o f mofi'on o f a* ma?s su^*€cteJ fe io-4*

e x c i t a - i io n t
yn ¿ + fc X - 1c ^ ( O
= J i + ii sin 27TÍ
T T 2
5LÜ [ y g COS_57 r t eos 12 TTt 1

t IfO 4 ~ + * 0 0 + /
C‘ ^
R esôníe under d if f e r e iv t com ponenis' o f forcm g f u n c i i’o n :
( O w U n
rn X 1< X. =r J - — C2 )
TT
^"et = Ao - com sta-ni C 3)
S u b stitu ye E^-C.3) ínto Eg*(2.):
* a 6 = £ or A o = ^
.-. x „ C O = _L 0 £>
TT
0 0 w íi e " .. *
m X -f v- = Sun 2 7 T Í rr /\ , Sin 09 £ )
W l t *’ A ,= ± owYid 09- 27T
Let X fC t) = X sí* w t CO
S u .tst(tu te | ^ .(S ) tVifc
- W X Í í 1 S in c j t + fc x s in - A, - íín G ? t
or
x - A|
— m Ct9Z - f K 2 2 (1 - \
U/Kere
05'n= v / ^ " - - g | . 6/^16 r a d /s
4 -1 0
( O? Na = s £.2832 \a „ n2
Un) (gi.^-T?) = = o.00S522
1
X - 0 . S 030 m
2 (|- 0.005322)
.\ XpCt)= o ‘ 50 30 srn 2ir*t m (7)
(in ) w Ke« ,
. ^ 2 1< CcrS C«92 t - /
W H + ~ ¿2 *** ^ Í . T (O
W íH A l= _ U L ^ n0|
37. - - W« = 4 ""
Xp('t) = X w '
S a tstitu b e £^.(^3) no £g. C O •
- rr> GS2 X + i< X = Aa
A¿ 2 fc
X “
fc - rr> 0522 37T (f c - m 09* )
3 7T
0** ^ ) 3TT A _ x«2 • 5 6 6 4 y
7 [ 1 ( g ¿7i?TT )
f 1 N
- _ O. 2 ( 7 3 m
3Tr 1 1 - o . 0 2 3 69
•\ x ^ (£ ") = — 0 . 2 1 7 3 00 s ¿ f T r t 0O
Ov) W/ i e n
* * = - ^ “ * * — ; i » * , * , ' » . - -
T C
4 -()C4 - 0
= - H - . coS t T r t ' n >-“ 0 0

^ ( * '- 2 ) ( í - f O
S u b s t it u iré Eg. C12) E^.QO:
4 -1 1
- (¿1 m X + * X = A;
or X- = . (VO
ic — m .2
r _ ü 7
lie TT ( ; - 2) (* + 2 ) J
Si - -±L 2 ¿ r Z
( ( 8 |. ¿ « O /
TT f , _ i* (3- g ¿ 9 p ? f 4. + 1 ^
t (s 1. é ^ ié y 1 J
2 • 5¿t 7
0 2 )
( t - 0.0o 1^80 ¡i í 2" ) ( ¿ - o +0
For * = :
2 . 5 4 64 1
X = — ----------------------------------------- - _o ■2 I 7 3 m
( I - o* o23<ó H 26^ ^ ( « O
For i - 8 .*
X - — — ------------------------ = - o ' o lf & 8% m

( ( - 0-0 9 4 7 0 O X « 0
For ¿ =■ 12 :
2«5¿#6¿f7
X = — -------------------------------------- = —o > 0 2 3 12 m
( l - 0.21318 'X l O O 'O
e ^c ' Henee />\ecuLy A Í oJj í - cr^ f f c t c&n i s :
X ^(t) = J_ ■+■ o ■ S"0 3 0 Sin 2 7TÍ - 0 .2 1 7 3 Coi 4 7 T t
- 0 -0 l i í 8 8 coi 8 TT t - 0 . 0 2 3 12 Orí Í 2 T T Í - . . . m 0?)
4 -1 2
1 Soluéi'on o f problem 1.117,
F O ) = 5 -5 5 84 - Z.O* 158 7 ÍO -472. t ■+■ 2 3 - 5 2 5 3 Sin ío-*72¿
+ 3'l09f c o * z o . <?<*<+* ■+ ( 2 - 2 ¿ ¿ { 6 s ‘n ^
H- 3-77/5 CoS 31- ¿fié t _ 0-4-064 Sin 3/-^<é t (*•)
69n - ’J-^T * = ~ I 2-2-' 4 7 4 5 reud/sec : T = o-I / r = O ' <?8 55
Tê s le o u ^ st^ -te ro/*-fcr.*on i*s ^ V c n ¿y Eq. (E.9) of Example 4.9:
4 -1 3
í-b\ = zo- 159-7 i , ^
t ' 'k Z r ■ ==¡ c o s í 10 • h 72 . t - 0 t)
* * yJd- V
2 3*5- 253
* J d -r '-r + (t7 T )v K
j. 3-30Í? I- . eos( z o - <1tf.it-b - ¿ z )

+ — — /(]_ « r‘ ) V C ^ r V
£2 . 2 6 4 é — | — - s i » ^2 o - 3 ^ ¿ - ¿ A
* /( !- * rY f C ^ O ^
+• — 7-|Cy f = 7 coi (^3I< 4*6 -6 - ?*.?)

* v 0 - * r* )* + (* r O 2
__ 0_<_¿tóé¿j 1 Sin ( ? l - 4 \ 6 - t - (B \
/ Q - Sr ^ * + ( e í t / ' ^
u /K e r e
- fan ' [ 3 ^ = fca-r. ' Ô • o 17 2- 2. 6^) = o» O j 7 2 r¿*.d
^2 = 6 o, n ’ f - 3 - í ----- \ _ •éa-M- ' f o * O 3 5 2 2 ? ^ ) = 0 '0 3 5 2 . ra .c(

v t _ ^ r 2- ) v x
$ 3 - ta n '1 ^ 6 T jL ^ _ f an- ’ ( o * 0 5 4 9 1 3 ) ;= ro_J
N oktnj ik a .t 2T T = 2 ( o .l ) (o'O ? S * } = o - o l 7 l
and ( i - r 2* -) = 0*3327, , ( E2) Cstn ¿e r e w r íH e n
X ^ (t)= [(¡,.6 3 8 1 - ¡2 - 7 S z \ <Lcrf ( t o . ^ y z •£ _ 0 -o|72.^
-i- 15-7765 SC» - o - o \ 7 ¿ \ + ¿> 2715 coS ( 20 . £>4¿/t - o*o352)

4- S-416* Sm ( 2 0 'fi+i+t - o>o3SZ^) + 2 -6 * 7 6 c o s ( l I- 4 * 6 t -< 3 * o í ^ )
- Q ‘ 22 3 € sCn C?|. 416 t - g . ( , 5 4 -3 ~] x /<T^ m ._________________________
j From pro Mem 1.116,
F (¿)= 1137-5 - 4*4-7426 coS 5 23 -éé + I5 ¿> . 3 1 3 ? S m 5 2 3 - 6 t
-f-2í'feo52 eos t - I46-i7o6 ím Í -Z t 047

3
+ 5- 7 ¿ 1 8 eos i ^ l o - s - b 4- 5-5-154 6 *ín l<S70-St (E()
63. = M ; y - o. 0(0
r= -s; = ¡ ^ 7 , = + ' 1” * • r*»,7..3^* ; ,-r * = - « . , w
Z T r = 2 ( 0*06 ) ( 4 . / 3 3 4 ) = 0-4367
4 -1 4
x £¿n _ IH7-5 __ ¿4H+ . cji+3é eos ($Z3' 6 t ~ ¿ t )
t ~ * + Ti
150• 313^
_________________________ s 'n -r>r> 13.¿oSV c o s (, c h 7-zt-tz)
-f
\ ¡(< -r í ) z + ( z - r T) í + * \ ¡iT 7 7 y 7 o ¡7 r ?
t« 6 '< 7 o 6 s-m (10 47/ ¿ t - ? z ) ^ 5.7278 eos (lS7 0 >•S» t -
J(i-¿f. r í y - t. C 4 T r ) 2- fc [J ( ) - 9 r 2- y + (err)
% s - \ s m _______ Sm f ig ~7o . s t - ¿ 3 ^)
+
(El)
* \ ¡Q - 3 r l ) J - f ( s v O 2 '
S in c e = tarT' ( ) = t^ r T ' ( - 0 - O 3 O S ) = - O • olOg
¿2 = U n ~' ( —-Y — ) = W 'f - o.oI47) = -o.O l^“7

f- ^ T Z /
-fcarT' g T r N _ ^ n“ ' í - o . 0 0 1 -7 3 ' ) = - o - a o f l 3

' 1-s r 1/
tf\e - S-tcute So(utior> , . ( E^-) , Ca-n be c-^pre ssed. a*5
Xf>(^) = —0*0032-11 CoS ( S 2 3-£ -6 -+o-o2o?)

O • l*f 21
-|-C*OOI/63 *'r> (5 2 .3 -6 Í + 0 - 0 3 o 8) + 5.Z1Z! X \Ó S(f047.2 t 4-O•OI^7)

—^ q
- 2 - 70 Z x \ÓS Sin (15-70 . 8 t + 0 ,0 0 7 7 3 ^ m_________________ __
F C *)
63^ =
n / f = 2 2 * 36o7 40(3
y fo x 10 ■
s‘e c
't' - o . |«s sec
= 4 \» 8 8 8 /sec
0*O£ O.<5
f = 765»n
“- = ,
1-873 3 J r Z= ?-5o93
”£ = O
Fol/oU/ñnj dca-ta- i’s Uíecl m Pro^rcj-ml^F ió £ir\Á Foarí'er

Coej"f'*ci e r t é s fn ¿b e ex.pOL.nsVort o f F (0 í
t } sec ! o•oI 0-02 o*o3 o'íj4 o-oí o*c£ o -0 7 - -* o*15

F (é) > í 4-00 4oo 40a 400 4oo 400 a •• - o
4 -1 5
R esuLb i s :
) - 1 6 0 'O + Z 5 - 5 0 0 2 coS ¿ f ¡ . 8 8 8 t + 242*6 2 7 ¿ s in 4 \. 8 8 8 t
- 1 5 - 1 8 8 4 COS 8 3 - 7 7 6 t + (6- O Z 3 1 Sin 8 3 * 7 7 ¿ t
+ (£> 48 0 6 COS (15- £ é 4 i + 5 - 0 . 7 2 3 7 Sin < 2 5 ’• 664- t

-£2*353* eos (¿7 .5 5 2 .Í ■+ 2 7 . 7 C 0 4 Sin (6 7 - 5 5 Z t
-f- . . . M
S.nce $ --o o^cl J lí = o , , ¿Ae

S-be-a-Áy - s tcL ,te resp o - n se of- £Ae w c - te r b a .n k :3 E g -
be c o m e s 1
= 0 * 0 3 2 -h 2 * 0 3 2.5 x ro ? co? 4 1- 8 8 8 b
-A1 9 - 3 1 9 3 xio s in 4 1 . g>£gt - l - 1 5 £ 6 * (o 3 CoS 8 3 *7 7 6 t
+ O • Z<f 5*? x /o * iV*, 83- 776 t 4 o • io 7 ? x /<T3 coS Í2 ?. 6 ¿4 t
+ 0 * 3 3/7 x /o~ 3 Sin (Z 5 - £ £ 4 b — o . 2 3 3 4 X /ó" 3 co j (67 • 55 z t
+ 0 - ( o o 7 xi o 3 sin ( 6 7 ' 552. b ■+ Tn
FC*) , F ( » = F1Cfr) + ^ C - t )
i
YY1 ;F , « )
Forctng ccutl be co nsid ere^ a *5 tFe fum fwo ra-mp

Íu n c é ío n í, F, ( * ) = ^±- M O| F. = - ^ C * ~ *<0 .
*e
R esp o rrSe o f ¿A e C a - sb in j ( u n Ja .m jo e c | spr<‘n g - m a - í? s y s b e r n ) be, F,
<S g iv e n Aj
V * > = -g -( T
ir _ Sm 03n ^
< *n *o
fo r b > O 0«)
Resjíonse d u e *fe F2 Ceun te oAtcx.ned /rom E ^ . ( E , N) b^
r e f > U c ..v y / Ay +- ¿ 0 c x * Jt Fc ^ - R, :
■xt ( t ) = - 5 . í t z p _ 7 * , * * * „ ( E¿)
15 l *« C5n t 0 /
4 -1 6
lotaA TSSjsortSe oj- irhe c.QsS'hCnj is 3ÍVen by
X ("t) = X fC*> i " ^2.C^r) = ^ f ± + Sin 6 ^ Cir— ~t o) — s,n (*9n ^ ?
* c Zv£ ^
4 -1 7
Fren. Eq. (4.31), x (0 = _1_ ¿ « v s¡n G3,Ct - r ) ^
Yn G S j
F -T03„-fc r*-(*-7¿V )r ^ . .
= J L e e ím 6 % C t - r ) <*r
Tn (j9 i ®
* ( * ) = J " é " r ,£ s ¡n U j t . cas C J j f - caS O Sjt sin 0 3 ,r | J r
r - ^ - T 0 3 n) r f f]t
r ¿rY03n-fc
= r° e Sin 03, t _§_______________ ] - ( = < - T «n )coS O3.t + 09
L (K-'TUn)z+ -a /( ->J0
r-o ¿-Y o „)r
^ 7 -í 03 r - 03, c*S OSV l
m 03, L t e - y u j f + c 0a3 H
L ( « - T 0 3 ny - + / >_\0
r - 7 0 9 „ t
F=> e jo3, e ^ 1 LSn^ t + (o<- J-G3„) Sm 65jt - 03, cos U,t J

mo 9
, [ ( a ¿ - T 09n) 2 + o s /]
F, í * * F0 e ™ - t
+ ------------------------------------— S , n( o 9, t - ¿)
W £ ( ■ * - 7 0 3 „ y + 09, ] TO09, [ ( * _ T 03a)2- + 0 3 / ]
wkere ¿ = tcurT^ f ______\ ,

r \ y o n )
4 18) Equation ° f niotion:
m x + k x = A p(t)
or 10 x + 1000 x = — (0.1)2 (50) (1 - e“ 3 fc) = 0.3927 - 0.3927 e " 3 11

4
Solution:
u\ r* i. , o • ^ , 0.3927 0.3927 _ 3t
x(t) = Cj cos wn t + C2 sm wn t H — e
k k + m (3 )
4 -1 8
1000
where w. = = 10 rad/sec. Thus x(t) becomes
- V T = V 10
x(t) = Ci cos 10 t + C2 sin 10 t + 39.27 (10~5) - 36.0275 (10~5) e " 3 fc m
where Cj and C2 can be determined from the initial conditions. As t —►oo , e“ 3

and the steady state response becomes
x(t) = Cj cos 10 t + C2 sin 10 t + 39.27 (10- 5 ) m
< TT
For o ^ i CJ n m ^CoTi : m x f • fczr eos CJ-t
. o /Q 4- . Fb Fo
x(-b) = A Ccfi i r r eos cst
09 \2.
X(°) = o A A.
2* 2-fc A =
*0K)-
X•
'o '
3
5 = 0
II
o
Fo
Jjl. - Co? 09^ - ( 77 - ^ (1- CO? 65
2-k
b -
7T
A<r -t =
09
21c
("* )
Eq. (4.31) gives
C t) = j — f F ( r ) fin G9„Ct-t) ¿ r
tn 05r. O
V es rt
X (i) ' VT„ í FCr). sin ¿ r +■ 5 F fr) sin « J t - T ) ¿ir
0 "
£
= * (*■= £ ) + A r f s'n w n C + - 7 «tí-
= x ( ^ = 7 ) + J L . feos &sn ( t - r > 1 t

L ® ; w gj? L Jr=709
_ Fo C^JT
1 - CO?
r -\ l *L - —
o? 09
2fc
(-Sr)
For czn undezmêd System Eq. (4.31) gives
*(*■> = j* * F ^ ) e.-n c^,(t-r) ¿T
F0 o < r -¿o
o iar r > bQ
4 -1 9
For <7 < t £ ~t0 : x (t) = ^0 f íin CJn [ i - ? ) ¿V - (t - ces C3n^
*nC«9n J0
= \ ( i- cos ^ )
t
For t > t0 - x (t) = F<a
> rrô
ô. , Q /.
, r \ j0.
ir _ Fo F—
f-í- eos c
(js „(t( t - r ) l
- Fo [eos £Jn ( t - t o ) - c o I G 9 „ -t J
k
F(r) = í Fo( t ; ) íor 0 £ r ¿

l o fo r V > t0
F or 0< t < t0 : *(t) = _J Í f r sin c*^ ( t - r ) i r

m 63ra t 0 ^
■''*■ x fí)= ^ j 0[ C ( i - r ) sí" " " í * ' 0 f' j r ) ■ * l íín ^ ( t ' r ) f i r 3
= f° r r - 4 iin c° s
w ‘¿ A L®* J r =°
+ Fo t |~eos 03„ f( -tt -- Tr Í )) “1

coS C3„ i *4
m t0 l_ 09rt J v =c
' TT„ “ •* )
For t > í0 : ^
x (t) = — Ü2 f V sin G9n ( - t - ^ )
tn 69n t o J*
F0 r_L . sin - ^ :.r 2 cos 63n( t - * ) | *

' m 09n t 0 L ^ n Z "« J r = í,
+ Fot r eos 69n C * - ?) 1 t
^ t0 L C*5n J r =0
= J L - f — sin Ü „ ( t - t c ) + eos u>n (- b - t0 ) - -i- sin ( J n t l

* t„ L / ^ J
F( t ) = f * ( * - T F j
l o i * > *„ '
For ct-n urckunpecl s y s t e m , Eq. (4.31) gives
” Yr»C^n J
o
F (r ) í»n
For o < t < -t0 ;
4 -2 0
t ,
xCt) = i ~ CoS
Z t,
'l s¡n csn Cfc - r ) á z
m i&r>
N o i inj t h a j t
f^ín t!r = f e ( , - OS CJ„t)

0 >-' —JO *
G-nd
t
f US (ftVl Ü3„¿ o,* * í" &í», r ) ^
J_ 2.-fc„ V
g|,p ( i ? 0 ~ ^ ) y Sm
— sfn -t"
z f _ H _ + ¿9»')
l C £ ; — *0
- , -e
_ “ S CW " " 2 . 0 ^ CQS(<¿r,+ ~ ) 2
- COS 05.t
- 2K + -arj
- i
J L - 05t
coi — - a>»± l + _ £
J
------
[ « ..
9 / JL -f- CP-Y"
2t«
7T-t
- COÍ 05„-fc
O
Z*e
zí Z t„ 2(
£ g . ( & 2 . ') Cclyi be s f m j o l 'f r e c í o j
TTt
— CO* 03, (E j)
*(*) = -5 - o - c ^ - t ) + •l5°s z t 0
;
For i: > £©_•
(^ )
=
x(¿) =
v-
bií<3h fV
r
J0
f i -
^
t o í-^
2-tr0
>
/
n '" C¿?„ C t - r ) Ar
= _ § _ r ¿ - cos oj„ ( * - 10> _ ¿ . coí ^ pt i _ a _ A <"^ t *

m 69^ L n n _J Yn C*3n (_
JL. - o3 „
r ^ (iT a - ^ r .) bO Jín
- r zt, + n + c o i C5n¿ *
+
2( f * 0- - " ) * ( & : + w0
coS +■ i 1 -j
[ c° * C j ? a - O * .
z r-n - f r o) *C(*"+ík') z^~fO *-(a*+£o

i - e ■> x (-t)= Í Í £cos Cá„ _ eos wn i J
4 -2 1
_ --------2----------------------- s in C J„ ( - ---------- — ----------- - S i n
Zr" ^ ( t í c~ "» )
+ ---- —__ CCS 13„ t - f --------------------- + i----- 7 \

2ma,n * o
( í )
Ba,se d íü (ylaúceme n t = %('*') = V 2«V» “ (¿ 0

‘ *e v 2 ( 0 = Y fin ZLÍ (e 2)
"*'P
Siecudy — S-bajte re.¡aA\ve d Ts1^ fa.ee me n t ca.r\ b e fo u n d from Eq. (4.34) as
K * )= J ^ jC O e ^ í+' r ) sin ^ ( e ,)
•• (°r ) . _ Y ( % f si n 2 ^ fc *)
*<*>- 4 cí / x •* jr (er)
Bu± r,-n JES rfn í ^ ( t - r ) «*(3 ^ - + +
- jlo S ^ r . co«? ^ f -+- í / n + CJ¡¡^ ' t . Si*n 6 ^ tj
J^COS • a>s - Sin ^ IL -6 5 ^ ^ • íín C Jjt J (¡=tf)
%»■ (F s) o-^d (^V) ?<Ve ¿
K*>= i \ ifS ¿ S'*’t [e" ú**-{™Va>*fe+l*) r-ir
+ si n 6Í , i r . J~ e y ( J > n r . Sin ( i + r . d tr
- «* « , t ■ J i e r w" r .
O
+ r í„ M , t ■ ^ t e T W " r . s in f J L - W j)r ■¿ r ] £ 7)
^ '(^ 7 ^ ) Ca.n be Sí’n»js lífi’e d
H ± ) = J L ----------- -------------------- r f ít f „ ^ ^
2 «-J ^ tJ ( y Wn^2. + + ^ j) <
+ ( ^ + w m) fí" ^ - T w h e T CCS 03j t

L’0
+ ( % + e iín C Jj t |
+ 2 «J ( t J (rcj„f^ _ C3j j í ~ TCJn c° s J S
4 -2 2
-T
— I -^r- — kíf'l Sin r r + e CCS U ft
^ *
-
+ ( ^ - " « i) *
sin OSj b
i (£s)
^ ^ ase displacement:
Y v t
; O < t < t0 = —
y(t) = - (1)
O : t > tn = —
Equation of motion of vehicle:
m x + k (x -y ) = 0 (2)
Using Eq. (1), Eq. (2) can be expressed as
kvYt
i 0 < t < t„
m x + k x = ky=< (3)
0 ; t > t0
Steady state solution of Eq. (3) from Example 4.9:
vY
ojn t — sin cjn t ; 0 < t < tc
x(t) = 8 u>n k (4)
0 ; t > t0
Note that the homogeneous solution,
x(t) = Cj cos wn t + C2 sin wn t (5)

is to be added to Eq. (4) to obtain the complete solution. The constants Cj and C2 are
to be evaluated from the initial conditions (at t = 0). In fact, tthe resulting complete
solution is valid for all valúes of t, including valúes of t > t0.
Speed o f C L utom obiie = So -k m /k t

B x c iU lt o n fr e z u e n c j = / S o » = 27. 777í H,
Na-tura.L f r e g u e n c y _ r _ . .
& J — i'O =£■ 0Sn =2 TT TaM/sec.
-£■ _ o»5 x 36oo
0 SOx ,000 = ° - 036 i£C
o* 2 t
; o< -t <
>(*) = be
o> 2. -t + o
■2 i +
2.
t ■> t O -------(E|)
4 -2 3
Eg u q j Í i o n o j2 m o t i o n (fo r u n c Jc z m p a d c o ,s e ) :
m X +- -fc fz - y ) - o or mx H x z = pffc) (e2)
Where Ff O = *J (t) O 3)
Soíabion o f &. (E^) ísr : | pt
xCt)- í n T J Ff r) Sl'” “ n 6 t - r ) ¿ r Ce+)
j . 0
Aor o < b < J 2. .
________________________________________ 2L
^ Vndtf,, ^ C” t 7 ^ r S,níJn ( ^ " r ) fe)
í r i». « * ( * - f ) Je = (± - - ^ «fB « Bt ) ,
£ $ • (£ $ ) AtCofne-í’
x (-¿ ) = ^ 5556 f ¿ : - CM 532. Sfn £ . 2 * 3 2 + ) W 5 O 6 i < O -C i? Sec

fe )
For ¥ < t < te :
-t
7 ^0/¿
* c t ) - _ í _ ¿j J
r r ô.!.? «r!_ .,
n £J„ ( t - r ) Jr +
. Jr f s i i Wn M .C *- * ) ^
v *!t
L J
o »!*k
o °A
S - /' £' « - cíBc * - t ) j r = ji± * {* „«„* r ¿ ^ r+
m ü?. t fl 0 m £*9nT0 (_ L n
-1 V 2 r , r - |V 2 ;
jr_
sin w „ r / _ es *'n ¿5“ J0 /
<*n
= 5- 5 5 5 6 j ^ 0 - l 5 S Z S in £ . 2 * 3 2 (+ “ ° ' 0 lá>)
4 o * o l£ o coS 6-Z822 ( i - o * o /ff) — 0-1592. sin 6.283Zb~\ *» f e )
S Ín ee ¿ o — o-o3<£ -
- ° ‘ z 'k f r <tiV> u „ ( i - r ' ) áx = - i l i - Í L . í s r n w „ t f¡^ . “ ‘ I*'
m cj„t0 J. . ' l»45nt t C L "
+
“■“" “•'-^v«' “‘'“"'*'fe “" r"""
= - 5T. S5"56 - 0 * l 5 9 Z. S i n 6 * 2 8 3 2 . ( i - o . 0 /«f)
- o » 0 /* o CP* 6-2831 (b - 0-018) J -m (E * )
4 -2 4
✓
Sm y „ O V > i r = r_i_ c o S c s
’V t J y 2
= n - crf » „ ( * - % ) ]
r* C<9W
n L J
=■ 0 -2 [ j - Coi- 6*2332 Q t-0 '0 l2 ) J rn
H enee H e Soluirion can be ex^ressed o-s
x(-b)= j j ‘ 76S9 Si* 6 ‘ 2 2 3 2 (-fc- 0 *o| 3)- o * 3 3 4 - 5 Jíh g < 2 ? u t
— 5*5556 t -f- 0*2^ m ; o*0l<? <t < o * o 3 é s ^c (ft^ )
t / t
‘'0/2. 17o
* ^ = t J r sí" « „ f-t- t ) J r - ° ' z fe í r s í n « n( t - r ) W

171 J. m 69h r 0 J
•» t
fin 6 S „(t-r) a-C CEll)
m k?n
Ví
Tbe ffrsfc- •term or» H e rfgkfc sfde oj? (En) is given by (£7 ) •
5econd ierm on He n'jh 't s í d e of (é=h') i?
°-z -*k
O 'Z
r t o0 .
r
. ,, . ...v . -0 .. 2■f c! « !..
f
. . x, rT i i - ^ ^ r
^ ~ t 7 J r sf" “ - ( * - 0 ¿r =
w ¿ t
iy "7 ¿o r- , -v
-f- —
(<3n
Sin G9n r
J |
V í
_ e os CJn t .
L U„
- Jm wnr - -Jr c»! W„r
h __
ty*
— - 5 * 5 5 5 6 £ o»IS32. S i n £ . ¿ 8 3 Z ( t - o >o 3 6 ^ o > o 3 6 o CoS 6 • Z Z 3 Z ( i - o - 0 3 6 )
- . 0*1532 Sin 6 . Z$3Z (-t - o .o ís') - o-olSO CoS 6*2.332. ( t - o * o f? )J m
r b e irhird "term •» H e r i'q h t ¿ tV f* fr= ..\ /c - ( ^ 12)
o*Z -k r to o*¿
m 69n J r ‘" m 6^„
c£?5 a* « c £ ~ r ) i
¿ 0/ 2. J * ./*
0*2 -fc [c c S C á ^ C t- U ) _ eos csn ( t - ^ ) J
m 03^
= o *2 j^coS 6 * 2 3 3 2 (-fc - o* o 3 6 ) — ce* 6 *2332 (f r - o * o l& )J m (fe, 3)
4 -2 5
• x ( £ ) í í 5 ‘V e n k j " F A e Sum o < f ^ 5>* ( ^ 7 ) ; ( e í 2 ) CLnrd ^ £ f * 0 *
w A fcli can be sim p le ft'e d cj
x (t ) = 1.7659 íín 6 * 2 532 ( f c - o - o /g ) - o * 5 5 4 5 s.n &.ZS3Z £
- o > 8 # 4 5 S i n 6 , 2 5 3 2 ( f c - o * o 3 6 ) m ; t > o>olé sec ( g /4¿ )
V A e n H e c o n t a i n e r striK.es the f / o o r , H e v e l o c í - f y e . f f / » e
,4.26,
t a o - s * í s g i V e n A w . , 1
---------------- 71 , .
J m ^ A = - 2 - m V Z o r v = V 2 ? A O )
Tê di's^loêrnen't 0 $- th e. Ca-m corde r su -b je cte d . to CLn
initia,L v e l o d i y x g = V ¡s g . V e n ¿ y E g . ( t - 7 2 ) J w i U
X-0 — O CLmÁ 'S •

— ‘y 09* £ *x.
»(-t) = e " ----- ° - _, • Sin >/t- ? « ht (E2.)
____________________________¿->n ■ J l — V * ' _______________________________________________
SjS -terv, c a n ¡>e m o d e l e d a, S p r in g - m a ,S í s y st e m 1,1 CZ1
V* V su A je c é e d "to ¿ a ^ e 'm o fc io n : ^ <
y ( t ) = í ( Y ty * ? ') • 0< t < to r J L -, — i yW

lo ; -fc > fcG — (e 0
Rela/fcíve d ísp la -ce-m en t o f mo,sz , f - x - ^ , is- gíven by Eq. (4.34)-
£ > í r ) e"~ s(n (ea )
wUre > ( 0 = (Y i
o£ r < ¿0 ( e 3>
> [r ) = O v V O J
a n c| V - ( 'T ') — O » IS > t0
For o < t < t0 :
S»nce fcke s y s t e m is u n d c tm p e c f, 03, - 03n CT = o ; a/ru^ ( ^ 2.)

r e d teces' fco
fc
= Sin CS„t ^ -L s ;n _ coS f- cosa>nr
(- COS 6 3 „¿
(Es)
es.
rhus Bg. (E4) 9 .'v e s
X (t) = V i 1 _ z Y (, _ Coi OS.
For -fc > t 0 :
%• Ce O 3 ,Ves
Cet)
^ )= “ 5- f t0 -T t s';n
n J0 **
But ^
/ S in C Jn t k - ' C >
) £ ? - j - j e o s c3 n ( t - t o ) - COS 65n -fc l
o L
*• y C * ) = %CO-> (*) = - — T T * :$ CoS - coi a>h ¿ ¿ 5 * > * ,

gs_
r. r„ <■ / v
__________________________________ ( f « ) _
= / ] ( * - * ) e r6Sntt' Y ) sin ^ ( * - r ) ( - j C )
r V -T 0 9 a ( - t - r )
= (t " r / g______________ í - TC3n sr.'n (f-r ) - 65¿ CoS c J jC * -* ) i
. (?«„ )* + <■»/
- T C 3 n( - t - r )
e [(y -c s Y - c s j)s w { J j C t - ^ + i r ca B« j « s ^ ( i - r ) }
(ro 5n) V cjJ-
— J H-/yv^ r=o
_ . i - ( lT « „ ^ + O + u, « c o ,* )
03+
£ L { ^ ( 2 ^ - 1 ) «in CSjt + 2 T G 9 „ ^ j coíí^tj.

+
(J*
j> t -yGQn& r) sin O j Q - v ) ^ )
Tn =
r _ y c ¿ Mc- fc -r) £ - TCStt íín c j j ( í - r ) _ csj eos cj j ( t - r ) J "J

_e ____________
J r =o
_ y z(d„ + c j]
= - -I- e CJjt + 03j eos 03jt ^

C*^n CJM
4 -2 7
SF- i
% et) = SF T| - ———— - i 2
i
r* 09j w G Jj
2T
+ e~
? [ * -
(1) yr\ TC -f - c ^ t * x = f ( £ )
4 .2 9 ) wbere - M. - m 0 t = (2000 - <0 t ) 1<^
amal F ft) = Ti = (O ( 2000 ) = 2.0 0 00 N
(2 ) W íH rn = ÍA - \ m0 -tQ ~ 2 0 0 0 - jO o )(lO o ) = \ 5 o o ^ ,
egua& on of m o iío n Recomes
1500 i f o - 1 x loS x + 7 - 5 x |06 x = 20 0 0 0 = constcurt
Ma.xímum zkect-dtj S’fca/te c á i^ j^ lc ^ c s -m e -n b ¡s
x í ( t ) = -5- = 2.0 O 0 ° = O -00 2 6 6 7 m

__________ * _______7-5 X (O6________________________________________________________
From Eq. (4.30), -the rcspomse to unit sfcep funcfcíon ecun te- o¿t«.ín ed
^4.30^) s c t t ín j j= ( r ) - l a.s
4 ( 0 = f * ? (* -■ * ) ** (E l)
cL'fferen-fc ia/tm ^ th íí egua-tTon u /itk resp ect éo t > we otto -ín
^ (t) = ?co
Eguafcion (4.30) 9»ves x (f> = F (r ) - j ( t - v ) . ¿ r
But ^ (-fc -r ) = ^ L ( t - r ') fro m problem 4 “, 3 O *
*(*)= J ^F fe) «*r
Integrad: fon tjy ¡ja-rts g iv e s ^
*(t) = _F (t). 4 (t-r ) E + f ^ A í-t-r) ir

r=o + í ar
= - FÍO 4 ( 0 + F(°) t ( t ) + || *(*-*0 Jír
5 u t 4i (o ) = O f ro m Eg. ( e O ^ f*roL/em 4»3(?«-
.-. x ( - t ) = FC»> U * ) + S * i E - ( r ) ■t ( t - r ) . j r
_______ o a'C________________________ ________________________
Equation of motion for rotation about O:
4.31
J q S + M x (^) 4- ki a2 0 + k2 b2 0 = F0 € e~ t (1)
wbere x = £ 9 and
J0 = — m € 2 + m (^-)2 = -i* m €2
0 12 v2 1 3
4 -2 8
Eq. (1) can be rewritten as:
- t
9 4- (kx a2 + k 2 b 2) 9 = F 0 <f e (2)
For given data, Eq. (2) takes the form:
53.3333 9 + 1562.5 9 = 500 e~ ‘ (3)
Noting that the system is undamped with 04 = 53 3333 — 5.4127 rad/sec and
F f í) = Fc e
the forcing term as 500 e“ fc, the convolution integral, Eq. (4.31), can be used to find the
steady state response as:
“l " - ¡S3.3333)1 (5.4127) | ™ ' “ M U 7 (* - '> df

t
= 1.7320 / e“ * eft “ r) sin 5.4127 (t - r) dr
0 t
= - 1.7320 e " t f el* ~ r) sin 5.4127 (t - r) ( - dr) (4)
Using the formula:
x
J eax sin b x dx = - — sin b x — b cos b x (5)
a¿ + b‘
Eq. (4) can be expressed as
T— t
- 1 sin 5.4127 (t — r) — 5.4127 cos 5.4127 (t - r)

0(t) = - 1.7320 e
l 2 + 5.41272
r- 0
- 1
= 0.3094 e~ 1 + 0.05717 sin 5.4127 t - 0.3094 cos 5.4127 t radian
4 -2 9
J0 = — m € + m = — m <f2 = — (10) ( l2) = 1.4583 k g -m 2
12 48 48
Equation of motion for rotation about O:
J0 '8 + k í l e + k 4 - * B = Mo e " 2 *
16 16
or J0 0 + A k ¿ 2 0==Mq e " 2 t
or 1.4583 9 + 3125.0 9 = 100 e " 2 * (1)
Noting that the system is undamped with oJn = * \ / ?^fefQQ = 46.2915 rad/sec, the
convolution integral, Eq. (4.31), can be used to find the steady state response as:
9(t) = J (100 e " 2 r) sin 46.2915 (t - r) dr

(1.4583) (46.2915) JQ
t
= - 1.4813 e ~ 2t J e2^ “ r> sin 46.2915 (t - r) ( - dr) ( 2)
o
Using Eq. (5) in the solution of Problem 4.32, Eq. (2) can be expressed as:
r =* t
e2 ~ r)
9(t) = - 1.4813 e- 2 t 2 sin 46.2915 (t - r) - 46.2915 cos 46.2915 (t - r)
22 + 46.29152
r= 0
= 0.03194 e ~ 2t + 13.7994 (10- 4 ) sin 46.2915 t - 0.03194 cos 46.2915 t radian (4)
co
e9 e 3e 9
J0 9 = - k -k — :-------- x(w
4 4 4 v' 4
t "4 3 i ñ 3 k ^ ,, ■
> 3 k € _ £
or JQ 9 + — k 6 = — :— x(t) = — :— Xq e
4 - 4 «
For given data, J0 = m £2 + m ( ~ ) 2 = m - (10) ( l 2) = 1.4583 kg—m2,

5
— k €2 = — (5000) ( l 2) = 3125 N/ m, and Eq. (l) becomes:
8 8
1.4583 9 + 3125.0 9 = 37.5 e- t (2)
4 -3 0
Noting that the system is undamped with
= *\ / 3 1 2 5 ^ = 46>2gi5 rad lrsec

11 V 1.4583 '
the convolntion integral, Eq. (4.31), can be used to find the steady state response as:
t
= J ----------- ^ f (37.5 e” r) sin 46.2915 (t - r) dr (3)
1J (1.4583) (46.2915) J0 [
Using Eq. (5) in the solution of Problem 4.32, Eq. (3) can be expressed as
- 1 sin 46.2915 (t - r) - 46.2915 cos (t - r)

0(t) = - 0.5555 e
l 2 + 46.29152
r= 0
= 0.01199 e " 4 + 2.591 (10- 4 ) sin 46.2915 t — 0.01199 cos 46.2915 t radian (4)
- 1
ni x
J0 ’é 4- m X (2 r) + kx x (2 r) + k2 (9 r) r = 2 r F0 e t ( 1)
where 9 = —— . Eq. (l) can be rewritten in terms of x only as:
J°
— 0 .02 m r x +
------h 2 kx r + ¿ k2 r x = 2 r F0 e t
2 r 2
(2)
For giyen data, Eq. (2) becomes
11.0 x + 112.5 x = 5 e " 4 (3)
Noting that the system is undamped with con — V \l 0 =

convolution integral, Eq. (4.31), can be used to find the steady state response as:
rad/sec, the
x(t) = - 0.1421 e fc f “ r) sin 3.1980 (t - r)) ( - dr) (4)
4 -3 1
Using Eq. (5) in the solution of Problem 4.32, Eq. (4) can be expressed as
0.1421 e~
x(t) = - sin 3.1980 (t - r) - 3.1980 cos 3.1980 (t - r)
l 2 + 3.1980"
r = 0
= 0.04048 e " * + 0.01266 sin 3.1980 t - 0.04048 cos 3.1980 t m (5)
4.36) ( A O ídnit impulse re s pon fe f u n c ’tt'on f o r u n dsa-m p e d cc>uSe:

use Y - o O-nJ L¿>á ~ U9n ín Eq. (4.25):
X (i) = _ i sm t Ce • i )
m Cc9n
(t>) l/nifc impulse res p e n s e funefior) for un J e r d o - m p e J

Cc^Se i Eq. (4.25):
1 - T 63 „ t i
* ( * ) ^ ^ Si'n 6 3 , fc (fe. O
(c) Unít fm pu lse re s p o n s e ¿ fu n c fi'o n e r i i t cculLy

dcLtnped Cáese :
Free v'ibra.+í’ o n respomfe of o u c r if ic a íly d^m peJ
System ís given ky Eg, # 8o) :
* ( * ) = f * 6 + (¿ o -f &>„ * o ) t } e^ Ce - 3 )
USÍnj tê ín iiíai Condííi'ons x o- Ocu-J. ^ = *37T ->
£*,* ( e - 3 ) gives
*(■¿0 = ± - i ^ nt (E-+ )
^ y in
(d ) Uhi't impulse re s pon fe f u n d i 'o r i fo r a-n o v e r deump ed

CcuSe :
Fr&e vibrcs-lríon resônse ojJ- ojtv e ve rá a - m p e J s'ysbem is

3 ¡ven U Ey ■ ( 2 . 8 Q : , ,—j ,
f- y + \Jt - f ) ^ n 't ( - Y - \T? _ 1 ) r v
x t j s C . e 1 ^ e C e - 5)
wKere
*0 (r+\lrl- i ) í,
Cz -
zcsn j ? - ¡ ■ -2 z ^ E r* - *
For *tKe in itífití Con d i t f o n s x ó - O dLrud -¿ f J
4 -3 2
C, and becorne
í
c , = : — ; C. * -
1 2m / r ,- - r ; 1= 2 m v ir 1 - r
a -n d -fíente Eg,. ( E - 5 ) y . 'e l e U
*(o=___1 -(r -p p ^ p
Zvn CS„ J y z - . t l e ~ e >
______________________________________________________________________________________( e - s )
[4.37) 2^ ‘ C= 4 !'J' ÍP * = 32 N/ T" * £ - 4 S (* ) ,

^ 6 = o-Ol m , = 1 m/jp-
# = J? * + -¿A • í - f =- W 4
v c 2 s/íe m*
= o-25
Ü9¿ = = 3-8727Í3 r a -d /s
Un d 6 r do-rn p e«J System .
Im buiré responde is given by Eq. (4.26):

r T as i
X (t) - — ----g ----------— Si*n 0^ ¿
Vn 0 9j et
—t
^ o - 5 ! 6 3 £ 8 e sm 3^872983 £ m
^4.38) * ^ e stiffness He cccnéi l e v e r b e a -m ûjitxg^ is given by
j _ 3 EX 3 (15 < l o 5 ) e l( /
* - -| T * - ^ T - 4 5 , , O N /m
S y s te m COM b e m s d e l e d . o J J cu Single á ejr ee o f freedom
u n da-m ped sysbem -'
vn ü -f k x = o
wKere m - 25 00 kg , k r 45 x N/m, o -n \
09n = n /^ T ~ í ~ ^ * 10 i = 13 4 * 1 6 4 1 r a -d / s
V 2*5 xio3
Resjoonse 0/ ma-ss due 't o impulse F is given fc>y
Eq. (4.26) Wi t t i ^ —o e^nd GS^ == G5n :
4 -3 3
• ——— j i ri i 10 i i ^
Z5oo (t 3 4 . ( ¿ 4 ¡)
= 0-0001^3071 Sin (3 t »
r f e v f e o > o ^ -t< tc
f=a) = J t
J i ia< t < st0
i- o ) -t > 5 t0 — fe )
t
R e s p o n d e o f irUe o t í V l Í is 3 i ven
h l H - (4.31) f o r clyi Uncta-mped ste m :
X (é) = ¿ T n / F C ^) íf" c9 „L*-V) ¿e CEZ>

n ¿j
F ot o f f
Fo
ífn Cc3 f£ 3)
: ( * - 09* -* )
For t0 < t_ :
1 r -F
X (t) ' m69n J F ( r ) fin c^n f t - r ) dr
- F0 t
Yn 69
¿Iz
- Fc
_ [X.„„t f i - « »„«. + i . „„
- CO* £Jnt £ JY„ 09nt o _ caí Un t „ j . J
cor ( w „ t - <* m *
Vn 65 n
__F«
— J~Sm 05^( i - tc) - fin G9„t -+- ~1
^ 4)
fc - n
4 -3 5
For
*(t)
^ ca» c t - r ) ^ + F* f * ‘n w " í t ' r ) á r ]
¿o
— ------- í m B n ( . t - t „ ) + t s eos 6 S \, ( t - - f c 0') - ¿ 5<níí„t~]

m «„*- i 0 L 65" ^ J
; r -.st,,
+ _ê- [ J ~ « í u > „ [ í - r '>
L^h - 1t0
fff/n G9h C -¿ -¿ o ) “ Sin + t 0 C J n C o S CJn ( t - 5 t 0) l (£ 5)

* U>r, t e U J
4 -3 6
C<0 I m p u l s e =r F — J p dt - F* A*t = i s COQ (b .o o O
t
- 15 N -¿
R esponse of H e va4ve =x(-F )- F £?_________ S('n ¿o
>n C*Sj[
For H e 31 ven e U t « o m= ,5 ^ * _ IOooo M//m ,
C “ 2 0 M—¿/ m
^ z jtn * 2 'fis(J oc^ 7y = 0,0 2 5 3 2
- / ¡ ¿ í r = *«•*■« « j/ .
^n = \/l - 0 . 0 2 58 2 2 1 O2 5 * $ 139 )
= 2 5*8113 r<sJ / ¿
r . - C o .o 2 5 8 2 > C 2 5 ^ 8 1 3 5 ) i
3c (*0 = > ?,g .2 — . sin 2 S ' 8 H 3 ‘t
IS ( 2 5 . SU 3 )
-O» 6667 ¿
= O 'o 3 3 7 4 e sin 25*31134: m
(I?") U/ker» H e ccLm ¿a-js>plies ’t k e fo rcé p f o r ir h e secanJl
tim e ( t - 0 . 5 / 0 * d ,‘s p (a -^ e n n e n i" o f fF<s
va b r€ . -pro™ O re resí poSitior» ,‘ s g i v e n ky E g.(0 :

- o • 666 7 -
x f t = o - 5 ) = 0 . 0 38 7¿f <p S»n 25* *113 ( * - 5 }
= o * o 3 8 7¿1 ( o . 7 J 65 3 ) ( <’ ' 3 3 2 7 S }
= o. o 32 3 7 w
4 -3 7
Im p u lse = F; = ¿ ( t s f l ) - vn¿ X = o~ ^
w here y*i^ - j-nOt-SS o f - t k e bfrcl = 4- ^
arL^ x (f = 0 ") = V e/o cífy of. oLtr^toAvc. ( hi rJ i )

f m m e d i ’o . i e l j c l ^ & a ¡mjoa~c.t = 25o W ^ j /k r
250 x io _ 6<?4 A
¿0X&0
,: ¡5 r 4 ( 6 ?* - 2.7 7 * 7 7 7 6 * 3 -'*'/^$ cr N - A
E n j ine 50o ^ ^ ^ O000 M /w ^ c = IOQ0
Resômse of ff,e ei^ íoe d.u.e. f e tiY d S¿nK e ?e) :
_ y o 9 h -t
* ( * > = £ - ? -------------- - Sin G5j-fc
rr, ^ d
He-Mje. ^ _ c _ » Q ° 0 ______________ _ ^
x frñ te 2 ^ 5oo^ (50 000 )
0 9n
., ~ /*
lo ro-d1
- . - I S o 0 0 05 /
* =
** *.' roo
05
d " \[l — T ¿X - ^1 — o* I X ' (lo ) =• 3 / 3 ^ 3 5 raA/sS
He" ^ - o *1 0 0 t
27 7*7 7 7^ (O
x (¿) = S in 9 3 Z /5 5 í
500 ( 9 3 ¿ f 9 5 )
—£
^ 0*05583 e Si n 9 ‘9 ¿ f S B i tt>
4 -3 8
Imjoui.se o-pplie-J lo ra.il ccur cJr t r o = 5 S f t ) = F| S ( * )
O) Wóii'oY) of- ike CQ-t d u e íb ffc-c impulse ( F,^ a^|o/iec|

al t - o :
F.
* ,c t) ~ ^ ¿j, e s ,‘" o >
(t) tf o-no-fW impulse F, ' S ( t - ' F ' ) ,'s a,ppli£<f ajt

tim e i - V J f£e m otion oí- "fte c a r U/ill ¿ e
t - t 0 9 n í-fr-tr')
a2 ^ ^ = £2 = - 4 e ---------------------- sin 09, ( * - ' £ ' )
m U5d
co
in order fo sfop ftre ra_;( car_, we use tbe.
Superposihon jortViciplg :
x , c t ) ■+ X2 ( t ) - o âr t ■> t ( 3)
or
F, - * c a Bt
--------* S Sfr> Ct3j t
™ ^ d *
F _ t ^n C t - O
-+- ^^ £ Sfn U9^ (£ —£0 ~ O j
Tnn U94
* > r ft)
E-îxatocnn 0 ) gives fAe O L .m p t i f u d e 0/ fte. im p u ls e

h, be a ir t -fe sto ^ fl_ e r s u .( ^
JE» = - ----------- ------------------------------------- f F, - T « B± ,

- T * n C t-o „ n e Si-lfttj
:for i; >7? CO
Egua^Yor» ( 5 ) ccxn fc>e *t*m ( o Wf , * e J fe o t l a í n •
4 -3 9
Sin
= - F. e co
S i'n cSj ( t - r )
4 -4 0
ume sma-ll o-vûlar clVs^) lácem e n i o f /fre rijt'Jl í^ v e r.
Sfef> f o r c é a ^ fli'e c f cJ“ tfre rígtf e n á of- ftre r íy /c í üever
= F ( t ) s F0 a t £ - o
Sintfi +ke lever \S rCy\¿ cuni xnassless ¿ N /e u /io n i s e c o n J

¿ a .w o f m o t i'o v ) -fo r r o t á /h 'o r » ¿l L ó u Y f £ e ^ , V o F (oornfr 31 V e s
(fo r ¿m e * l( ajrxûL*3-i ^_e f e v e r ) :
F ^2 - C c y -+ * * ) j¿ ( = o CO
U jhícU cav> be re w ritte n a3
c ¿ -f a _ F ( t ~? • ^ z = F ^ F C O
ÍV
F“ X 0
%
Tê s o lu f ío y » of E T g » ( i) o r t ír e responde o$~ tfce. S y s t e •m
1
Can be e x p r e s í e d as f/re S u r* o f fre e a/w i fo rce d
respcnse 2•
_ k£y p _ k t/é
x ( í ) . * ( o ) . e + ^ r < -e ) CO
X f x C<0 - O , Y fre r e s jp o n s e of fke SyS'te.m /'s J i V e n by
^ n C - ' |t) co
S in c e ¿ > #í e term
- K t
? c —> 0 a-S ■£ - v c*j
-n d A ence ftre
y Ste m is s t a t le .
o»6S
“b e resp o n se ís
’ koi^n c a tiy
n tfc e cuAf a_cc>YvF
fVgure, 0 er = £ / * ,* c o n s U n i
4-41
*(*0
Yn
E^JUQyj'iOYí o f - MO'hbv» o fr Q.Y1
unolo-vmjoed S ystem S u t j e c .f 'e c l
fe b ¿L S e m o ’ti'ott co-y\ be
e x -p r e s s e d o¿
Tr\ i¿ -t- *• ( « - y ) ro
Bj/ d e f ñ o i V j tfre r e U K v c á íS p lá c e m e n i J -(¿ '>
S ( E ) = x ( t ) - y ( O CO
£g. (i') ca-r» be r e W r i't -t e n a-S
n° ( '£ ') ~ m -t (O
S o lu W o n o f E %‘ C3 ) Go“n r e s s e j i [ uSCnj
Of E x CLvn pie 4 • | 2 U/1 tli S P r Y*n cy «/v^d -x ( E ) = ^ -(E )^ j '•
3 ,( 0 = [ CJ„E - Sm £S»„t ]
asn fc
W k e r e
^ n = . í C O
T k u . s , r e l a h V e d i ' S f > l o ^ e t - n e n C " o £ [ o a - c - f c - e i ^ e L i ' s 31 ‘ v e i n
E ^ , • Q t " ) c u n - d . d r s j o l a- £- £ .' m Sj v k~ O j - vn x i & - S ¿ X ( E ) _ ,
x ( 0 - + V C O C O
T o j ^ m d tf-Ci), w e - í n f e ^ r a d - * - f k e o-cc-e,[ e r a - E i o n o - 5
o¿ £ *t
= _— +C, ; # £ ) = H- C( £ + ¿.2
z • 1 ' ' £
C7)
A sü u y ti.'^ ^ C f = 0 ) = y Ce = o ) = o , Eg. C O g . V e s
y CO = ^ E3 CO
R esp o n se o f po-cfco-je .*
X ( E ) = J - ( + ) + 2 C O = ( 0 ¡ > n - f c - S . 'r . 0 9 n E ) + ^ C 5 )
4 -4 2
E g u o d r i’om o f w o h 'o n o f ffce ¿ y s t e m :
T
m * -f * ( x - y ) = o CO
OY
Y77 9C -f~ U- 71 ~ ^ ^ )
& G L$e T
V eslacih/ of e le V t fU r o r ( fc o .s e ) ;
y
V.
v ( 0 = (< - t ) ; o s i ¿ ?
co
o j t > ?
I n t e g r a d »’o n qf £g • O ) g ív e * -ffe d tsp | cc¿-£ m e n ^ o f fc¿2^ - e
? C O = J1vCO = Ve J ( ^ “ t 7 c(t)
a o
= Vg ( i - ~ £ ¡~ ) ; o < -t £ r CO
USm^ E ^ C í f -) , £g,. ( 2 ) fcetom es
m
2 .^
The sa lu tio ^ of Eg • ( 5 ) casv> h e f w / r J ¡ ky ¿ u .fe r p a s ín g
the So/k£ i o n ? ef fhe afollo l ^ m j e.û>Qjkion S:
X ^ ^ X = JO k t co
r» V"
'k ’v'o
x 4- x “ — CO
^ 1 im
S o lu t7 o v > of Eg • ( 6 ) i £ Ji ¡ v e n by £ U $ m j « 0=‘O ^
E xo-^p le 4 . (z^J :
*(*) = ^ [ > „ * - d.n Wn t ] CO
S o lu h 'o v i o f e 2 > C7 ) ,s 9 'V e n £ ca .n ¿e v e r /fr e o f by
S ub S t i t u f e r y ín Eg . ( 7 } J •
4 -4 3
T Í iia S t t e respon se ( ctis p lccce m e n t) o f -fír e m o lí »\r
fii'v e n
x (t)= — (< * „* ” S ín 2í i - ¿ * + Ü L^l (l«)

^<r
; o £ t < 't'
4 -4 4
x(t) m
rf(0
k= 5 MN/m
'7777777.
+ «c* = f(t ) = ( r° ( < - T ) o 5 t Í T (()
[O ) f > T
Us.’ nj £gs. (E . g ) ^ r£l?^ ,'n -ft-e S6[u i Cor) a f 4 ' 13j
tfc& r e s f o n Se Qjl ffce woJber fctnjc ccly\ be ^ u n l o*
f — [ 1 — - CoS C9ní -f- J sTn 0 3 .il ; o f t í T

x Í-H = fe L T (,9 .7
£ ( { - co? 03nT ) Sin G9ni - (cSrtT ~ Sin C S n T ) * * * ^ t ] 5
(2 )
4 -4 5
; o 2= i < i0
f e
•, t > tc
Eq. (4.31) gives, an undcunpec/ sjs-éem ,
fe-fe) = - f e - f % ( r) Jen w „ Ct - * ) AX fe )
^ fe
For _ o < t__ tQ ;
* (¿) = ^ c t<? , .
— Jo fffn a * . O - * ) c /r
UrCnj -tke. r e la c ió n
p t0
S in « n O - T ) . d T = ¿ - { COS O s f e f e - f e ) - eos « „ t j
■ffce. S o l u é t ’o n can he e x p re ss e J a*s
f e -f e ) = -£ -[c o i «fet-feo ) _ Coí 05n ¿ ] fe )
R e s ’pons'e s p e - c é rum i
Fo r o « „ femaJt = TT
•• x ^ = * c+=*««) = 4 0 - coí ^ ^ ^
For t > to , p
X (t)= -^- £ eos a*h(£--fc0) - COS G3n t J - (^ 7 )
= ~ F° ^ f *«*" ¿o) - S in G fe t i = O
cttr ^ L J
4 -4 6
=£■ Sin (tmaLX - to) = s,’n
¿», C ^ U = / S!» . ^ l _ \ ( Eb)

\ CoS 69n Ô ^/
i 'C ‘> J. _ Sin ^Y\to fc \

Sin 0 2 „ t míL)C - — = T \^9/
y¡ * ( l - Cos CJn i 0 )
a_nd i CoS e s n k0 - r \
co* = . _ — - (E/o)
y 2 C <- eos k?n £o)
X m x = x ( £ = 'tmcLK^) - fí. f e o s G3h¿ m£u: - eos Oíni<?

"fe C
+ Sin 0Sn "t„*_* • Sin Cl? „ i „ _ CoS Ci9„ ¿ m o .* /
Ft X ( f oS - O* ?ínZ 62* £„
^ \]z ( i - coS ^ n J 2 (i - eos C&n t 0 )
- 2 Fo Sin ^ ( S ,,)
fe 2
P/o-t¿inq ; ,Q 2.TT
W" = ^
i— "trnu-x _ j_
For o < t < -t, , c t ma_x = or —^ ¿
n
U/Ken ku <
— L0 > “-b r» «-x - 2 <
— t 0
°
- Z
X £° > _L Q- / i )
= 2 fo r ~
¿Vír
Fbr ~b > 't o 5 "t© ^ _L

2
■y 2 . 7 T t O
*m«-x , Sin
__ _ - ■>
— 2. S i n
“-m ^
-------- ■ — 2- sm
9 2„. T
^r
s yt z
•rna.% TT r ._ ■fe
Z S in fo r -!p - < 2 ( e , 3)
«st
4 -4 7
CE l O CL-r e
plo-t-ted frt b b e f i *5u r e '
re c b c L -n ju la -r pu.Lse-kyf>e Lc?a-á
í"j” t e responde is fo u n d m joroblem 4 '2 < £ *
@ For o V= I " ! ' } , -— c

e o«s CS]
"fco i
^ * ) + . A - ^ - T T - H r r . - ^
^* - 0v
d x
For x ma_x *
flfcfe '
r* e v F0 69n sin C£n ' — — --------------------- F 2Í + W" u» t)

* m f f j l _ n2- -i 7 ^ S
¿ \ 2.-t,
- o
W t <*CJl Cccn te red
7T Íma-x
S .n CJn b mcL>t Sin :------- Ce0
ZU>„ t 0 m iS^ j + * 2-tn
O nce ■¿tticcx '■s> fcnOWn £rorr\ Eg • C ^ l ' ) CCLr> LLSe'^

to fm d x
mo-X
mcLx — *- ( i - ¿ m c cx ) — — - ^ 1 — Coi
-F
frn
r CoS
7T ~trna-X-
Z-ba
- COÍ <^r> (E3^)
4 -4 8
For i > t<? •
x Oh) = — eos ( t - -to)
* F F
s ‘" a n C ) í (£■'~fi,n) & + ^ ")J
Fe F0
-h eos C¿nt j" . ?
*
2m á*” ( í ? * ' 6*9") ‘" " " f e + " n) ^
For * 4f »° db
(E
^f)
i- t ‘>
Fc CJ , v R) TT C¿n COS
- —------- Sin 65. ( J — -------
0 “ - - '!n GJn t „ „ = 0 O s)
V. x — / ¡
Ctacc i m¡ix *s íound ¿y So Iviny Eg. > X rn*.*. C°"n í cunc^
érom Efl. ( £ 4 )
^■ma-x = y~ (^b ~ t max'N — CC,S CJn ( í-ma.x

y 'k
^ Fe / . j \
Sin 6S„ ( t mftX — ^ ^
2 " ■ " *• K í f J - < }
— f- i 'g - .y ( S<>
Eft5 ’ ( E 3) aw ( f £=£,') c<2-in ke to p /o t versu s

to ge.t tAe. d t's p la -c .e m e n é rezponse specbrum.
s ~—*v Í a í í a ^ c c e le r a - h to n - > (t) - Cb0 ( ± - s in ^ C^f)

[4 A 9 J Fbr a.n uncia-ropecf sy stem j ¿be Y'eiczJrívB cí/'s^/a^Leme.n't 1? yiven by
Eq. (4.34): ¿
f ? 0 ) *f" e * , C + - 0 ¿r
t t _
- ” ¿ T [ f *0 SCn C J n (-t- r ) d r - J L 0 Sin ^ Sfn 6 9 n f f r - r ) dtrj
( E z)
4-49
• L.
íYn 45n ( t - r )
O n /
from E g * (f e ) ín tke s c lu tio n o f j3r o ¿ íe m 4 - í
—,,d
J 5lVl (s í« eos C5nr - coi CJn - t S in 0?nr ) ci^
1 „•„ » „ t f-
- eos 6 S „t í Jln ' ' ^ ~ c‘* " ) ~ __ s' " •' 1^7-, ~~ E
Tû.$ -tlie s o [u .ir Ton, Eg, > cjz- n ke fr n o - fe e ^ r e í í e J «-5
3 .(t)= _ ^ C r es ( % - * » >
W" V U>„ J CJn ( L
+ . 2l + u s ü „ t . K f c ^
* (£ : + *») J L í (t f 0 - ^ ) * & -+ « * .)
________________________________________________________________________________ fe
x(t)= ¿ ( 1^ - ^ csnt + i ^ s. n ü n i : ) fe)
X (-t) =.o gives c*9wt 0 Sin C3„im = 1 *> eos C3n"tm

1-e* c ^ „ i m = 1 tcLrTL( t 3 n t 0') fe )
(e,) teco mes X-^ _ _ J_ - 6S„-fcm-f- 7J T * " ^

(F 0/ * )
wtere t w is giVen ^ ( e¿).
During t > t 0 ;
* ( t ) = _ f ° --- ¡Y l - t o S u>„t0') ¿C n 1 3 „ t - (í9 „-t„- ^ w „ t 0) c^s 03„-t] (E+)
* 63„t0 LV. J
le . x (» * G S „ t ¡, _ * (» = A -í¿, ( J„ t -t- B o ! & 3 „ *
w h j¿ A= i - ^ “>
nt 0 ; B= - ( ^ 0- ^ ^ nt 0)
Sl'nce \¡AZ+ B ? ,
= ———“ r r i - C ^ ^ n ^ o ) + ( ^ r f e “* ■*'* ^ r f e ) Ü (Es’)

f e /* ) 09nto L> ' /
4 -5 0
o
From Example 4.13, hbe r e s p o n s e o f tFe b u ilá in g f r a m e ¡s 5 «Ven %
COS C3n t + —i — ím í<9p t I , a - í - t - - í -O
; - G>nt 0 J
and
X (t) = -§ r Í 0 - WSOS„t0) ! m U „ t - ÍO„t0) cos W„í"] , t > t o
(f) For o s t < t0 :
For *(¿) f e Fe m á x im u m , £Fe fyua.níriby insCde sû.a.re.
b rcccn ets nn Ê (') rnusF Fe m á x i m u m . tFi\s im^lies1 ■¿Fa/t
A
-jL n _ i - _ Coi U>„t + - 1 — Sfn &9nt "I _
¿■fc u fc0 ^ »t0 J
(d p fe s i n í ^ p ’fc = 1— coS Í3 n t
i- e •> C Jn t o CoS = sin i£ni

2- 2.
i-e •> tan = L Sn^ tuo
2. (E0
T F oS , X (i) cüttcu-rvS i-ÍT T n a x i m u m V C l.b¿e aJc t - f e o >
J ¡Ve s ¿
^''ma.x tan
O nce t mítx is fenown jprom (e ^ -) , ( £ | ) 3 «Ves
T n a .X
= (t = trn C L x ) = ^ J* f _ __ C O S1 63n "¿ ma-x
"fe C fe.
— — • Sin 05rt t mcLx;

n 0 i fe)
(¡0 For t > f0;
For x (t) fe Fe máximum, FFe ^ u a n ti'F y indicie sg,u.a_re brcL.cKe.hs
in ("E*^ m usb Fe ma.xifnL¿m . t F ís imjblíe s éba,-b
J_ j" (l - COS C ^ f e T ) s in G 9 „t - (0 9 n f e - S i n W n t 0) CoS = O

d t
4-51
|'S’>
( l - Coí C£nt¿T) <2n S,* l A , t = O
COS C9nt -+• (<-dr\t0 “ 5'n ^ n ^ í) C
v. , í_
/ I — COS G3nt o \
t-Oh G9n t = _ / — ) ( e 6)
^C5n t 0 - sin 0J>nt o J /
X^L 3 c(t) c u t ’t c u ' n S ít s Y n C L X im u m cür "fc =. ’t Tr¡a.x. * % ' ( E <0 3 ‘ v ‘e 5
i __ I , -1 / — 1+ CoS CJ^to \ r \
^ im u c ' toJn -------------;---------— ) (E ? )
n \ C5n t 0 - C^n'to /
Once t-rna^x computed dVom 0 =7 ^ ^ (FO
XWX = ■*(£= tm a*) = F° - - r ( l - COS 0J„to')Z'+ Sm05nt o)Zl t

* Mn *o L -1
G iV e n AaÁ-Oj'. C^S~)
ni - 5000 '«% y Fó ~ 4" * 1°^ N ■> = O. 4 Sec 3^ma.)C ^ 0*0 I fn -
= \ j* /m ^ = 0 #o I ¿t 14 'í^"'
Pro ced ure ;

1. Asrume cu s e rie s of v actúes o f * .
2. Fmd ¿HIÍLX u sir>3 Eg?* ( E4 ) (£ 7 ) .

3* Find x fflMusm^ g^s. ( e 5) a*ul ( E ff) .
4 S elect ic suck bba± X m ax - o-ol ^ ir» E ^.[B 5^ or ( E 5 ) .

Sa-mpie Computer ^rogro-m resu ¿fs a re sAown belou.
XM=5000. 0
F0=4. 0E+6
T0=0. 4
XK-0. 0
DO 10 I*--l, iOO
XK=XK+1. 0£>7
OMN—C .0 1 4 1 4*SGRT CXK)
TMAXÍ = (2. O/OMN>«ATAN( 0HN*T0>
XfiAX1= CFO/ XK/ « (1 . 0 -(T H A X l/T 0 í-G 0 S< 0 M N *T M A X l)+ SIN (G M N *T H A X l)/
2 <0MN*T0>)
XiMR=- <1. O-COS ( OMN*TG) )
XDR=<O M N*TG-SIN<QMN*TO)>
TMAX2-ATAN( XNR/ XDR>/CHN
X 1 = (1 .O-COS(GM N*TO))* * 2
X2= ( OMN*TG—S I N ( OfiN*TO) >**2
X3=<XÍ+X2>**0. 5
XMAX2=X3*F0/( XK*OMN*TG)
P R IN T 5, I , X K ,T M A X I, XMAX1,TMAX2, XMAX2
5 FORMAT<15. 2X, E15. 4, 2X, 2E12. 4, 2X, 2E12. 4 )
10 CONTINUE
STOP
END
4 -5 2
O. i O O O E + 0 8 0 . 6 7 7 6 E -0 1 -O .5 1 3 4 E -0 3 0. 4 IBM- i-00
cji -S» tJ OJ
O .2 0 0 Q E + G 8 O .4 S 4 3 E -0 1 O. 3 7 5 8 E + 0 0 -O .8 2 C 4 E -0 5 O. J7 C r/[..* 0 0
O .3 0 0 0 E + 0 8 O. 3 9 7 3 E - 0 1 O .2 S 3 4 E + 0 G -O .3 8 5 9 E -0 4 O. 13W'fc K>0
O .4 0 0 0 E + 0 8 O. 3 4 5 G E - G 1 G. 1 9 i 4 E + 0 0 -O .4 1 G 8 E -0 3 0 . iO P '/ E r O O
O .5 0 0 0 E + 0 8 O. 3 0 9 2 E - 0 1 O .1 5 3 S E + 0 G -O .4 2 3 4 E -0 3 0. 7Bü7b‘ 01
These re s u its in d ic o Á e . ihoJ= tínc r e ^ u ir e d stiffnesr ¡s
_________ * = 8 X io gn / m . _____________________________________________________________________
Let d = thickness of bracket. Tben, from Example 4.18; self weight of beam = w = 0.5
@ d Ib, total weigbt at free end of beam = W = 0.5 d + 0.4 Ib, moment of inertia of
beam cross section = I = 0.04167 d3 in4, static deflection of beam nnder W :
93 _ lu*° 1
d¿
W e need to use a trial and error procedure to find the correct valué of d.
Let d = 1 in:
w = 0.5 Ib, W = 0.9 Ib, I = 0.04167 in4, 8st = 0.9 (7.9994) (10~4) = 7.19946 (10“ 4) in,
'- 'V
*0 0.1
t -V t P -—
— = — = 11.6591
rn 0.008577
From Fig. 4.65, shock amplification factor (Aa) corresponding to tQ/rn = 11.6591 is
K ~ 2.0.
Dynamic load at end of cantilever = Pd = A* M ag = (2.0) (0.9/g) (lOOg) = 180.0 Ib.
^ = f180 (10» ^ = 21598.2721 lb/in2

maI I 0.04167 '
Since this is smaller than the permissible valué of 26000 psi, we choose a smaller valué of
d next.
L et d = 0.9 in:
w = 0.45 Ib, W = 0.85 Ib, I = 0.03038 in4, = .Pl85 (7-9" 4 (10 4)) = 32?1 ^ - 4) ^
- _ 0.9
— = 2 7r * \ I 9,3271 (10 4)- = 0.009762 sec
V
— = -----— ------ = 10.2438
rn 0.009762
g V 386.4
Aa ~ 2.0 , Pd = A* M a<3 = (2.0) (0.85/g) (lOOg) = 170.0 Ib
= * L ± = (17° (1Q)) = 25181.0402 Ib/in*

max I 0.03038 '
Since this stress is cióse to the máximum permissible valué, we take d = 0.9 in.
4 -5 3
Let d = thickness of bracket. Then from Example 4.18, self weight of beam = w = 0.5
© d Ib, total weigbt at free end of beam = W = 0.5 d + 0.4 Ib, moment of inertia of
beam cross section = I = 0.04167 d3 in4, static deflection of beam under W :
0.5 d + 0.4
7.9994 (10~4) in
W e need to use a trial and error procedure to find the correct valué of d. However, since
the shock amplification factor, for large valúes of t0/r n, for the triangular pulse of Fig.
4.66 is similar to that of the pulse shown in Fig. 4.15s we start with d = 0.6 in. This
gives:
w = 0.3 Ib, W = 0.7 Ib, I = (0.04167) (0.216) = 0.009001 in4.
0.7 —4' 25.9240 (10- 4 )

4 t- (7.9994 (10“ 4)) = 25.9240 (10- 4 ) in, rn = 2 tt
0 .6¿ V 386.4
0.01627 sec, t0/rn = (0.1/0.01627) . = 6.1445. From Fig. 4.66, w e shock
amplification factor as A j « 1.1, dynamic load at end of beam = P¿ = A a M aa = (1.1)
(0.7/g) (100g) = 77.0 Ib, máximum bending stress at root of beam =
C
^max = (77(10)) (0.6/2) / (0.009001) = 25663.8151 psi. Since this stress is very
I
cióse to the máximum permissible valué, we select d = 0.6 in as the design.
Let d = thickness of bracket (beam). Self weight of beam = w = d (1/2) (16) (0.1) =
0.8 d Ib, total load at middle of beam = W = (1 + 0.8 d) Ib, area moment of inertia of
beam cross section = I = —— (— ) d3 in4. Static deflection of beam at middle due to
12 v 2 '
W:
W /3 _ (1 + 0 . 8 d) (163)
= (1 + 0.8 d) (51.1959 (10- 6 )) in
192 E l 192 (107) (0.04167 d3)
W e need to use a trial and error procedure to determine the correct valué of d.
Let d = 0 .4 in:
V
w= 0.32 Ib, W = 1.32 Ib, I = 0.002667 in4, 6si = 67.5786 (10-6 ) in,
67.5786 (10~6)
Tn = 2 7T .002628 sec
386.4
0.1
= 38.0569
0.002628
From Fig. 4.15(b), A a ~ 1.1, and the dynamic load on beam is given by P¿ = A a M ag
where M = total mass of beam and ag = acceleration due to shock = 100 g. Thus
Pd = (1.1) (1.32/g) (100 g) = 145.2 Ib. Máximum bending moment in a fixed-fixed beam
p £
due to load (F) at the middle is given by = so that
145.2 (16)
Mb c
= 21777.2778 lb /in 5
0.002667
4 -5 4
Since this stress is smaller than the máximum permissible valué of 26000 psi, we next
select a smaller valué of d.
L et d = 0.3 5 in:
w= 0.28 Ib, W = 1.28 Ib, I = 0.001787 in4, <5gt = 65.5307 (10- 6 ) in,
65.5307 (I0~a)
r n = 2 7T = 0.002587 sec
V 386.4
0.1
= 38.6469
0.002587
From Fig. 4.15(b), A* ~ 1.1, Pd = (1.1) (1.28/g) (lOOg) = 140.8 Ib
140.8 (16)
Mb C 8
^max = 27576.9446 lb/ins
I 0.001787
Since this stress exceeds the permissible valué, we increase the valué of d.
Let d = 0.37 in:
w == 0.296 Ib, W = 1.296 Ib, I = 0.002111 in4, S3t = 66.3499 (10- 6 ) in
A / 6^349^10 =0_
002604 sec
n V 386.4
to
— = 38.4024
rn
From Fig. 4.15(b), A* « 1.1 , P d = (1.1) (1.296/g) (100 g) = 142.56 ib, and
142.56 (16) 0.37

Mb c 8 2
OVno-r- = 24986.8309 lb/in^
I 0.002111
Since this stress is cióse to the máximum permissible valué, we select the design as d =
0.37 in.
W = m g100000 = Ib, f = 0.05, cr7 = 30000 psi,
© . * , Cy 30000 .
o;max = máximum permissible stress = — - = — - — = 15000 psi,
_ / m
¿á
* / 100000 101.0793
= 2 7T \ / — = 2 7 T \ / ------- — = sec
V k V 386.4 k Vk
W e need to use a trial and error procedure to find k.
Let k = 10000 lb /in :
4 -5 5
k = 104 = i l l = 3 (3Q (lp6) ) 1
ez 6oo3
I = 24000 in4 = — d4 (0.5904) with — = 0.8
64 ' d0
.4
d4 = 82.8121 (104) in
do = 30.1664 in ; d5 = 24.1331 in
101.0793
Tn = i.■~ 1 sec
V io 7
From Fig. 4.18,, for rn = 1 sec and f = 0.05, we find ST = 25 in/sec, = 4.2 in and
Sa = 0.42 g.
Máximum shear forcé in column:
FmaI = — Sa = 122222. (0.42g) = 42000 Ib

g g
Máximum bending moment:
= Fmax h = (42000) (50 (12)) = 25.2 (108) lb -in
Máximum bending stress:
c (25.2 (106)) (30.1664/2) ,

crh = — — = -i i IL L - !— L = 15837.36 lb/in2
I 24 (103) '
Since this stress is slightly smaller than the máximum permissible valué, we choose a
larger valué of k.
Let k = 20000 lb /in :
k = 2 (104) = 3 (3Q (1Q6) ) 1 d4 = 165.6243 (104) in4

6003 do = 35.8741 in ; d¡ = 28.6993 in
I = 48000 in4 = -2L d4 (0.5904) Tn = 2 2 ^ 2 1 = 0.7147 sec
From Fig. 4.18, we find

ST = 26 in/sec, = 3 in, Sa = 0.6 g
Máximum shear forcé in column:

W 105
Fmax = — Sa = — (0.6g) = 60000 Ib
g g
Máximum bending moment:
Mb = F maI b = (60000) (600) = 36 (106) lb -in
M b ^ = (36 (108)) (35.8741/2 1 = 13452>?875 ^

I 48 (103)
Since this stress is less than the máximum permissible valué, we choose the inner and
outer diameters of the column as dj = 28.6993 in and do = 35.8741 in.
4 -5 6
k = (31.416)2 m = (31.4162) (5000/386.4) = 12771.2870 lb/in
- r - m ^
hiccfcuxaA. 't i m e p&T*oJ - ^ - -^¡r~ - 4r = !• *f o 5 o A

C<?h J>
(oc) Ma-x ¡mum r e i o s í i v e á¡'sf>\a~c~ement o f - f c e f r o ,Y * s fo r m e. r :
* W * " S¿ ~ ? ’8 *" = * '5 * 2 - em
(t) (Vicocímuvr* Ahe-o-r f o r c & ín i k e p o l e :
F m « .x “ (* X m ^c |= m x ~ Yn5 ^ - m (o . 2 £ _ )
= 250 (O 'l) ( ? ^ l ) = 4 9 0 * 5 M
C c) AlA xitriuvr» b€ir>cíivn ^ m om eni <*n ' H e f>ole*
Altno-K - Fm<^ x # - 4 5 0 . 5 í N - m
U/here £ ,*s H e jU n jft o / -ftre jboíe ( h e C j k t o f tire
tro -n sfo rm e r iV» m e t e r ? .
4 -5 8
E % u o ,í ¡ o y ) o f m o tio n ¡s tc + x = _fk
©
For rero ínítíal condifcions
0 4+ es,1) SCO = i . - i - i_____________ &. _ £ ______i ± i í £ _
Invcrse L a p l a c e b r a .n s fo r m a iio n jiv e s
'm' * sfeo íe¡"*- H * * «■ »-1)

Tke termS Ccm£a_mi~uj C oS C án t * -* J 4¿r> GJ^-fc dernoie ¿b e ■fcro.ns/ent
â.r't of ¿b e resfa n ze cund -ken.ee cjxt\ b e n e j l e c b e d ■ Thus "ébe sbeaAy

Sta ire resp on d e ccua be expressed
* C t) = ^ e ¿a5t libere r = U*/6Sn .
f (¿ ) = f*_
v F f¿) =
4.59 The Laplace transform o f the response can be written as
, , •> F0 /^+2TC3„
.As) = -------------- 2------------------------ 4- /— z iX
M p + tT O n t +vZ) b*+*T »"1+u»
+ I/ *.1 +. 2 7 GS„,S
. + '7CJ,
T *°
In v e r s e t r a n s form aivon gíves
* c* ) = §- f 1 - -eF = = r * + *±) ¡ + — ■- e ^ ( » / +&)

J í-r1 1
¿ - T 0 2 ht
+ o <3
e Sin Ci 3 t ¿
«¿
Ulcere ^ _ eos-1 ( t ) ■
Tke farcino funchion can be expressed a,s

4.60 ) F ( t ) = Fb { u ( t ) - ' u C i - t o ' ) }
wkere ‘u ( t - t ' ) is "tke unit stef> f u n c t ío n a f f b ‘e
F^ ) = e~ . ' S i ° )
Tke eg,uaé:ion o f motion Tn X ■+• = F(t)
4 -5 9
x(¿) = —f í - e AÍ:‘ ) - V — , JLf-i - 1
^ i » W ¿ l+«„‘ ) A (s + a i ) J
Since o T 1/ 1
p
x (t ) = . Fe- fl- Cal Cá„i)- U ( 0 - —— í l - C M 0 5 „ -u fi-t')
™ «„* n' « n
Henee
- (i- ccrí C5 n 't^ ) fo r o < t < *t
x (fc ) = ‘ m
v" /os;
olV
~o f Co« C ^ O - t . ) - íor t £ *,
™09„2
4-60
Tno'hiO'ft ■
y n i¿ f ic% - £ ( h ) ^ ^
L a ^ A a ~ ce- ' / r c w ^ ^ a fWv> er^_ £ g .(i'):
*" \jf X 'f'O - ^S-x Í O _ ¿ (o)^J + c X ( -0 - * i® )!
+ ie v e o _ ^ ^
Iv ^ tren ícccZ r^
C- _
ir» ^ 2 T -> - 7__
^ = £<Pn j X r .X (o ') ¿ = ¿£>) ("3)
'"O
^ • (2) c¿Ln t e rsu;rt4réen ¿U
X ( - 0 = — F f 4 )
™ ( / * + 2*1 ^ -f- ¿ * 0 ^)
^ -+• Z y ^s»h
'X
■+
-i- — - — t ¿ o C O
A 1-* z 'r w .,^ -t
«4" ■ «= ' <3J^X '
FC <) = . £ G r .v w O = —7 7 C O
F C O - L (oíojí) - _____
FOO - L (t
A -tW O O
F (¿) r £ SU - - * fr"' £ > t e 05)
/4 'f'S w -'1- "^3 r. c - ^ í ^ ¿< Tvi-c S K Is a * rza
s) tu ¿ y ? t¿ ^ aî | / U -
(«. ) F^V /(*)■= A
* 0 0 = ^ _____________
*" ( / í Z + !«?*_) f e 2 + -2- y ¿ i * 4 + 6J„ ^)
-í + 2 7 k® v>
r — x 0
A>Z t z ~z L 9 * A + g $ Z
+ I X o
, ¿ a+ 2 T ü ^ + U „ f?)
( > ) F^ / í ¿ ) =
A A
X O O =
^ 2 'r ^ - '
-V ^ o
^ 2- ^ 2. ^ ^ fe
í
+
z o (je')
2 *J OSn /$ + G9n
4-62
2 ‘r t ó ^ ' í + w "i )
^ + 2 x <*>" v
- \ - x o
A 2' +
C d) F ^ )= A S C t - to ) ••
X 0 0 =
A
/ / + 2 r « n •* + w nz
^ + íf ^ S n
+ \ x °
^ a + 2 r u>n ¿ + w n
+ — ' ’ S o (¿2)
2 y M n ^ + ¿tí' n
u n tk ~fjck £ i f s k te.ryn b e i n j %era £or t < ~fco ■
4 -6 3
Tlne i m p u l s e response fu n c H 'o n o f c u S m g f e A e j r e e 0f
•frescor* £ysic»r* £¿lv> be ôund g í tfTc r S 'o lv jo ^ -fáre
fo r ceA \ / ¡b r a . t i ' o n (n o h ^ o m ^ e n e o u r ) e g y a ^ 't t V n w i/t
ik e /o r e ,- * ? /u n c h t o r t ^ aH im pulse Gr ly S o lv m j ffc-e
¿V ee V (¿ r o-titfn ( ^ m ^ e n e a u í ) ¡r u t/e c -fe i
to ,'nfHa.t velo C i t y , ¿ e > ^
F o r OL c r t i , ' c & - U j A a . m j o e d S y s t e m , tke res-jo o in se ¡'s
9¡ v e n ly ^ . ( z . f f o ) ■•
- 05 „ t
x (+ )= [ *o + Cô + * 0 ¿ ] C 0 )
F
U siny x a = o 0-nd ¿ a - , E f l . ( l ^ g i ' v e s
/t \ p. — ^ rc ^ f — ^
* ( t ) . 9co i e = í t e CO
>T>
4 -6 4
z * -+ £ -i- i é -x ■=. j j $ C ^ -l
Cc = 2 v T ^ = 2 j Q é ) (») -- li- ? r ? l
6W -Á 'y* _ c ¿?
7" - -------------------- o 1 1071
c li'VlZl
.*. Sy $ b B m ¡s unolerolc^mped.
CO Sie& Jy ¿baJcz /mûUe response o f ihe System^
under H e ¡repulse F - 5, ¡s yiven bj
K ( o , £ _ £ 2 l ^ f
J-
m 05^
^ ^ = ¡T T _ . .
v ™ -J I T ^ ?-’ S Z S Li xaJ/s
C1 ~ h ~ ~ S ^ j , _ 0, 701f Q¿ . 3 - ^ ^
5=7 2- r ^ /7 -e e
- o >7ú l \ ( Z ’ & 2 S'Lf') t

7 nC ( ' t ) — ^ 6 ? . j_
* • *- l y - 2 ’ ¿>
2 (~ 2 - ")
4 -6 5
0 0 T o tc J 4 ^
* & ! = c ' e u n ¿ y í- ^ ^ e
nf- /' 2 5 6 2 1 f 2-)
#e in th '& l ConotcirionS:
í 0 ^) ~ O ' OS ^ 5: f <3^) "=- O J
£*?- CzO
% (¿>") - 0 ^ 5 - c ^
' rJ- -x 7 x' x - Y ^ » *

OC ( T J - Cf ^ Û9^\ g Orf fa jt
/ - X 65 " V \
„ c, <° (0 )^ wj-f-
+ c / (-r « 0 ® ^ a v,t /íO c j j t
+ c / O " 1 Í"J)
2 fr
-h /.^ 5 f ~Z~) (3 ^ ^
+ i* z 5 -e * fc~) c * ¿ z ir
¿ ( 0 - 0 = - C C/ ) ^ W n ") + C 2X ^ + Z '5
~ — 0.^5 ( t f ' 7 ¿ > 7 / ) ( 2 > 8 2 8 1 ’') .+ 2*0 Cz + 2 ’S
4 -6 6
^ c j -= — 1' 2-
, /-D,
. 70 v ' ( * ^ a-fc
n( l ' t ' ) ^ í ' ^ í
" 1,2 £ -fc
+ | .¿5 A
— 2 t
o 5 S 2 ^
— 2. “ir v i.
— / , 2- (2 2.T
+ i'Z 5 e r z - t .4 ^ z ií"
. - * . m = . - « 5 r ^ 14 + ^ 2 ° ( , )
4 -6 7
MaTLA 3 p-re5fA.ro to p l o t E g, C O :
cle a r
e le
num=500
f o r n = l:n u m
t ( n ) = 0 . 01*n;
x(n)= 1 . 25*exp(-1.99996*t ( n ) ) * s i n ( 2 * t ( n ) );
end
size(t)
size(x)
p l o t ( t , x , 1k - T)
x l a b e l ( ' t ')
ylab el('x ')
W A T LAB pro^yaro to plot E g.(3);
c le a r
e le
num=500
f o r n = l:n u m
t (n) =0 . 0 1 *n ;
x(n)=0.05*exp(-2*t(n)) * (sin(2*t(n))+cos(2*t(n)));
end
size(t)
size(x)
p l o t ( t , x , ' k—1)
x l a b e l ( ' t ')
ylabel(’x ')
4 -6 8
<"n
oc>
IU
0.45
ro
oo
Lu
900
o
X
4 -7 0
F rom £x.cLXY\jo le 4 * 2 3 > ¡repulse cUp^bed *tb
t t i a SS by fk< brande hcuU í'í jt'v e n b j -f r e r^H f
S .'a U of E^. ( ^ . ? ) o / £xa,vnjale 4 - 2 3 :
F - 2 *"0 M
r ' V, ¿ ( ^ Cl)
Wi i A V, g f v e n by
i « 2.
Yng A - — m V,
í-e-, v, — -J 2 J b' - J z ( í ’8i) (aV = 6 - 2 6 ^ 2 ^ / á j,
[A - 2 Kj rr»d - a. ( .
Henee E^,- ( O tec^m es
F ^ aC > - 0 ( Q ( é ,2 é i f i ) 5(t) _ , . | 952

rs
O •[+'!■
t!\ € &^jju,\{qSIjiscJ^ m ibi V^locí-by d¡M-e~ ~té ~tke. im p u lse J~~
ÍS jfvevi
F (•I 9 3 -2. .
X. = JÍ- = —------- -o-596é <"A*
O (VI 2 •
For "tb € cka^yrx p£cl Sjs ^'Vi^ —n-iAW A^-¿¿ob-r% ,
v c C 5
^ = 7" = ,1 - ^ = ; " -----■ ■■— = 0-176?
c i \J n * 2 / 2 ( 1 «o)
u „ : /jL _ /T ó T _ . .
\| M " V T ” 7 - 0 7 11 ro-cf/^í
Wj = \ / t - ' ? 3-' 05n = \/i - o . | 7 6 S z V ( 7 - 0 7 n ) = 6-9597

rceef
TAe :f r e e v /Uro-Won re s p e r n s e u n ^ e r F A e fru ir/'a!
¿onJííi'oní tc(o)=o ¿ c z o •5“ ? £ <£ vv, co.k t e
füunJ frtfn* . (2*72) ;
4 -7 1
■Z C cA CaÍ j . tl -
•+f
% (-t) -
V j
O-
1
i ^ ¿ , 9 5<? 7 £
e i f. ■ 9 5 9 '7
- / . 2 5 < 3 2 -fc
* f'O — £ 5 7Z J / Í¿- r>n
4 -7 2
©
Botncf 0f ou f \ r s t o r d e r s y s t e m *
L c Jr tfc- c/jj. tnffh'or* Le .'
k 7C + tl - $- ( t ) C O
^Tv*- Ju ^ c C tc ^ ¿y^ Eg . 0 )
¡£ g A ¿£ ~ 1 ^ ,
m(© " 21 = ' -------------- co

F /7 © 7 i©
ZÍue. rrvfiLPcZtru^v- ^ ^ qT^- Al crc~CA^n¿ eu h ¿ 3 - 0
v Jtá r
Wrr^ = 1 )
CO
T U x. U v - i w í i e r ^ ¿ fc r < = O r''^ u ‘
aA ito : n * ~ -r x ^ © ’i ^
rtVtA uA--¿
Z
Ca(osO < O^) fV)
^ m(tO < 1*"^ ■>. rn(*0 (5)

vTI
^W - c ¿ - ijtvi | ^ q ff~C,oOJ^< ¿ 2 -t © 5 ^ x J
C c^v -t i - K * - y , : » o O U?t c ^ v Eje ■ ( O
<xS
ÍTL^ = x .- /*,(•<*•)= - p = — = _ , 0
^ ^ v / n - w'2 / i 1 ( ©
4 -7 3
E^ • (E ') g »v es ~ • tA u s fA e c& W i'c& ifc o f ~Fk&
S y s t e m ís 3 ,V evl
(ctf, , W O - ( ° > T ) ^ 7 )
0 * 1 2 - 5 ¿ 4 - J _ J ? f t ) f á O
) £*>6 bu> l¡jj0 ^ v - - ^ W ' ,<^C_ét^ «5^ ifc r ¿y ^
< £ ., * * ) = = j L , ') ._ f o j s ) f o
(í> ) C ^ 7v ^ £ u Í £ A t v y > ■fte íéH rr A , cfj. w lu c^ £aJU - <2v r ¿ ^ f ó ? r > lííie
la .r A w iA 'ftfs -ftT<2 f ^ u t C r ^ j ¿ fu n c h i'O n ¿r^ £% •($') c a ^ Jb~t
eM ^ Z ¿4< A OA
f (fr ) « ~ í f t ) = S.V 2. t 4 Sm If t -f* £ s/w E t + S,V S ^ 0 o)
tAv<£ eû-tUVon 0£ m a f r o * ¿ E^ ' fe7 } C íih ¿c r e w r itte n a¿
X 4 § % - f S i n l t f 4- £|V i t+ t + 2 Si’ n £-fc + S in S i 0 0
(i ) F o r Tt - { - £ * = í S \ 'n C t?t :
Eo/wfVon íS ' x ( ’b ) — X ( Sin ( 2 " t “" ^ i ^ )
vjv^T 8
X,= , = | = S - - o-9 -7 0 1
+ 2 ^
n^rcA „ , —* / 2-
(j í FáY yL -f- 8 * - 4 4 ^
S c la tir » it ^ ( i ' ) X z ^ ( Lf t - ^
¡sz -f
^ = íb v J 1 ( 7 - ) = ¿ 5 ¿ 5 o
^ O > H é 3 é Hp - ^
C ; " ) F ^ .
^¿. -f- 8 x “ 2. / S ^ » - £ ^
/ U ^ i . ¿7V\
, (t) -sr * 3 ( ¿ t ~ r 3
r u j& fc „ 2 __ 0 , 2-
x , -
? ' r f — *. 10
\ j $ 2 t é
j C ? / U & C err*
* c O = X u ^ ( s t - . t O
4-75
7 ¿ Á ir
X¡ = ~ O . 6 8 F * * }
S ? + 7*
( ~ r >
) = 4 5T °= o ‘ 7 ? ? V
S y s te m is :
90 ^ ' 0 •9 7 0 j ^-iX- ^ 2 t - 0 ‘ 2 H 5' o ' )
+ 0 - H H 7 2 . & tX ~ ( ¿ r t - O ■ H 6 ? é ~)
H* o * 2. /^ w . ( £ "t — o ’ ¿ *-( 3 5 ^ )
r\ o* O S 8 %<] / t e ^ ¿ _ 0 . 7 á 75 V ^)
4-76
(a ) r - — = = — — = ^ 1 •°
c z 4 m 1c 2 \¡Z ( / 2 - 0
SyífiSn* is c r í h ' c a - U y JU s*rrf¿-d •
S texzjJL y Z£ ^ o v e m e -c L by 1 tre g jg y c c u tZ c r n ;
2 ^ -f »o * •+■ <2 - *5 - (O ^ ("O Ci )
( ' TLÓ ~ -*0 -
R o o f s o f c^ a > i-^ c^ éé3v e^ te ¡
j? - — C -± \¡c%— H m K - 10 z± \¡loo —'° O

11 'Z- - ^__-------------------- •
2 *n
r - 2 -5
S o lu- f i 'o n TS : /S it /í.t

r ^ V / I
C t)- Fo [ c , e -f c zt € + ^ J (2 )
oJz t - o , I
7Í C o ) ~ O C |" "7
&k t - o , ^ c - —
- ¿ (o') c i •(<
, . -5 , t 'Si ^ |i i -|
•• * c o « f* { ' * e + T e
- - O ^ + *J
= j í - r ( - 2 •s t - >) e -+ 1]
12 ■ S L J
_ 2 .S t
( t ) s 6 -í ( < - i » - 5 t + i ) e ; <3 '
( fe) - s * r = - 4 = = ^ f = - = ' • 2 ‘5
c 2 'Prñ~K z v / 2T § )
s y$he\r> ;s over *
4-77
Luj A Íofe ti g OVO. f n € -A by ~íh €-
2 7¿ t l f l ^ + i r \o ^ ( i )
c o
V v (S -> c
o — 4c
o -Z Z- o
c A x ü ^ u ¿& 4íc ^ tc c roo\~$ a n z g i v e n ty
^ = ~ c ¿ ^ / c Z- ^ ™ * -10 ± O í 0 0 -6 1 *
|j 2. "
2. im
£ o lu h ’o n ís :
/■ i \ tZ C ^ 1^ ^ 2. ^
* (i)= Fo | C, e + a% e CO
>
At t - o,
*> = o = Fe C c , + cz + ) CO
^ it 4 ? t
*(*> = F5 J C|^ e ' % c O a e ^ }
At i - O,
v-0 - O - Fo ( C , A , -+■ Cj A * ) - o CO
So luFi©n cwf- S• (é ) O-n«1C"7 ) 1s :

C,- - cO - C 2 = - C > - * = C2
J?.
or /* \
s -
e '* - ( O O • 2 ^ jy ^
ince ^ Z ■+ ' í | t ^ , -+-sz t

Fo
* (¿ > ~ „ e +• e + (
. A, - * í - v í,- + ¿ 2
lo
T L :
-
G
4 fc
-V *
J
r -t “ ^ t ? r \
= 1 - 2 5 | - I-3 3 S 3 e + o - ? ? 32> e -+ i | ( 8)
4-78
0=) -r = í - « _£ - 1» __________ 5
Sy rhem i's avo J e rck cL m p e .e f .
Sfecxc£y ^ covyi \>e C x p r
9C ( t ) r Fc [ I
*. l - e C *s (íJ d 4 - ¿ y i
i_ - t f ^ A r -s
* = f * - ( V ^í F ) °
Par Fd ~ l ° j > 4c- IS, ~ \ JT l ^ 3 r c Jl
u \ ~ \ [ í - ~S <^n" V i - 0 - 2 3 3 3 Z' (3 ) = í-£5 g 3 roJ l J ¿ >
£^s- O ?) (í^^) b e c j7 r r d ¿
X ( X \ _ 4 0 r I "m o > 8 i í i ( ^ ) i (
^ L " 7 F F ¡ = C ^ 0 - « Í 3 * - ^
f e feF ( ^ 7 S ) = W O - » » 7* ) = <’'1 ! 5 ' r“ *-
2 , tf 7 5*9 £
.*.»(*■ ) s O- 5 5 5 5 [ t _ (.á>089 e c ^ O ¿ 5¡?3¿ -
o . ? ? 5 l ) ]
rtO
4-79
L&t +fre f a m p J t m c f V o y '
be 3»'v e r? by
f Ot) = fc t ¿ t ■>. o C O
Rotm |o ¿p u n cb io n
L-a^lpl e-ce. Ír&*nS¿fc'rm af tfce
ÍU nC-h'or» j ? C‘í ' ) > »n Eg • ( l ) ¿
is , ¿ y Áe.f,'r* í f i’o n 3
F C * > ¿£ [ f C t ) ] - J O ¿ f O ¿ t
¿>9 — ¿*> ¿>o

st <5 t
e ¿> . t cW: = b |e «^J
o
cr^ ~tfá-
2 ^ i l _ 1 ____________________________________________
T C O =
p CO £■
lk>OY)$e {h e . '^ r^ A ^ C -rn C o^ c-
OA
9 t(¿')- [x C 'O j r ¿5 [ T C O ■ FO'* ) "]
TOO
- t * " '
4-80
expresan g
F ( * ) = _ C| + ____
c * + o o * + o ^ + ' ^ + 2
c ,/ í + í C, + + c z ^
( * + , ) ( * + * )
Er J /n 3 ^ CoeM ' c;&^ *S c o r r e s p o n d a
m fc e n u m e r ^ r s ®¿ E^. ( , ) , W e £, t f - í t ( . n
C ,+ c , = - ( C z^
2 c,+ c5 - 3 (f3 )
S olu fton E^s- CO C O 3 'V e s
c ,= 4 j c 2 - _ 5 OO
t U í ¿j ?
F 0 0 = — — Cs)
^ + 1 ,4 f 2-
Inverse L cuj^X¿2~c~e ' frr ¿ i n s ^ r ^ Eg . (s") 3' ves
£ ( . * ) = ¿t e - 5 6 ^
4-81
U/e c.cuy\
FC* ) = - l l l ± __________ co
a/>
C ?.
Ff O = 4- ■4" co
¿ + 5 2 ( 4 + 0
w A e r e ■Brc C£?rvS'fe^'¿í C^- c líix ^ ' V e n loy (4 e e £ x cumple P -0
_ 1 J + 8
c . = (¿Í+ 5 ) FCO
^ = - 5 - — - . i = - f - r o
<?+ z ) 4 = _T
— C 1 /^ f ¡ J
^ ■ ^ = -2 dA {
l 5 - 2
(¿S+ 0 ( 3 ) - (3 ¿ + í)(0
1_
CO
C-¿ + 0 •?
c 3 - ( O 2) F0*) co
+ 1
7 /í-f-Z
■4- rO
In v e r s e t r ^ s f o rm *g •C O is
— 2.
set)- - i é ‘ * t i -** + j o
4-82
T im e cX o trt^ t'n S a l u - h ’o n S :
Free resjjo h se o f ffte ;
Sotuh'or) o f
c i + 1c- * - O 0 )
ís — — t
X ( t ) r- X .(o ) . e C O )
Unêr /Steja fo rcé o f v r ^ ¿ > ^ ^ u ^ í¿ L ^ f#Te
CZ^ Vr? o ’F'i*o r> í s ?
e x -h ^ oc = *p ( t F ^ O ) - p C O
u ^íf ^ f lx r> c-f ( o m
/bs£ tfc e s o l u F f o y"> 1?e :
x « ) = c , + c z e 5t O t')
Su ts+ íéa+ e Eg. (* ) ,y, f 3 ) ;
C
r ^ v /- <** s
e ) + * (c , + ca e ) = F Cs}
or
< ; . ( » + . C J_ ( c A - t K ' ) ¿ Í Í - p « )
1evm S om b o'H\ Si ÁES af ‘ ?
C, * = F * C, = £
CA -b fe ~ ó ¿ -^¡T - £
H er»ce — — tL
c
* < * )= -í <? c o
Uff «i F
" 5 X ( t = 0 = V-to') - +
-f cC Z j w e ¿V rvJ
te
C * - x ( o ) _ £ Cf f >
•te
4-83
r_ í i
o c (i)= JL - L e c - * t
-h * c o - e
- t i
_F
4c + ) e c 0 0
p¿>r u n / f Sf*ep í u n c h f ' o n ; F H , ■(? ) tecp rrv ^ ?
GO
* (° s i ; + í - i 1 e c
L a -pfox-e c ío m ^ L t'r ? /Zolwft'on 5:
E g U a iíor»: c ^ ^ ^ x - p **(£■) 00
L o -s^ ia -c-e fr a .Y i$ fo n r > og E.g * 0 0 ;
C [ > - X ( tO - X CO] + XM ) = _ 1 G O
F¿>r ?t CO - o ^ E g . ( i z ' ) g iv e s
XCO [ C A + 1C J =
tfr
070
X ( 75) ^
¿ + 1 /«
( f )
£
oO
*
Inverse La-jafax-e fro^ws. gÂ-m o£ -G O ■
O )
O ac(<s) O.» E®. ( O kecffme s
4-84
* ( £ ) = -£• +• ( l 0
For F -\ Cuni f f u n d f í ’^ n ) ^ . ( Z^) b e .c c m e s
*c*>= ^ t f x o - i j ¿ £ * c ¡ 0
At t~0> X (t ) r X (o )
- O i'J- X C O =- O
A s t oo ^ X ( t ) — => •
4-85
L o s JplcucB "tro,* s £ o r m :
fc ^j a ~&£í c y» ít> oÍ~\0 vi 2
C x -4- t = p(-fc ) - o¿ t
L c l^ C ^ o e . ^&W y\ cr^. B f .C O •
X O O ~ 5Cf«j)3 + *; X ( ^ = -51
I j. •*(£>;)■= o , £^. (2 ) beosm er
x (-o = — -*- = Z °c
■ «< -(£ ) •*
* I
- fL r jl _ c//* + c/ *
* L ¿ 1 ^ ' T T j
C7k)
InV erse L o -^ 4 i-£ -£ "fr^-n Sjforcn 0¡ f £g . ( 3) :
• * t n ' T ^ - 7 - t é ^ ] •- * * »
At -irôj <x C O = 0
/Vl> t —> C*3 ; <S C =>¡» O <2-nru3^ ^ ( °^ ^) ^
T im e iú ir x a ip o^ ^ rocu cU :
í ^ja ^J uoy \ c ^- mohtor):
C i f ^ - c>¿ Í
S olu fc'o* liO m o jen ecU f e ^ u -a fe n n íS ■
c ¿ + * =o =* ~ ^ x ( t ) = c ,
C
( í JkcLf c - c f e r T s f*! c £.£>« éx^ Y c3>7^
4-86
S o lu h‘on o f noriK o m o j c n e o u 5 e g u . ^ h 'o n ís
Let 9í f t ) , c z + c3 i (l')
Su ítti tu te % •Cv ) f„ .
C 'C 3 + c z • 1< -+- c 5 t - c^-fc o O
c o rre sp o n d í'j W v 5 crvn t o # r ¿ ¡ d e s

of Eg. ( 8 ) :
C C B ■+ CZ * - O
c 3 ~ —
H €«(^ e c - _ c ? _ _ f _ Ü
* U*
henee x .(t)-= _ cj* + f(_ t Cs)

^ *■
T o / á o lu^¿0"p E^ • O ) i' s -
*C *) = c, e ^ _ E *- + *_ t G o)
^ «-
4-87
©
Xrnpu/s'e a-v* u n Je rá cL ^ r,f> e J S t'n jle cr^
^-TXSJ-A^rm tó U/ yvl Í^ \ tr ^ u L & ^ . ,‘ $ 5 «Ve. h m
E*o~# £e ^-ai (fc y |_ o,^| a,ce tr a .n s fo r m m e ^ c Q ;
/■in __ I — ^ u9 n ir
^ e <* * + * t ^ O co
© 2 ? ^ tírruz J U > yin j2*sr\ roj¿H \ C n ^ *
I n i fíaJ :
At i r E g-0) Jives X (tf) rÔ ( 'z ^>
C b i n t u í s £ ís c^ j^ C ¿J Z -d cxX £ — O^)
S téa d b i / T t á J fiT v ¿ 2j ^ ñ' '•
M t cao j e —> o CO
Cxrr^tácJLíL?i£inJj Ü üí irv-utco-í Cjs^^JLc^ oyiA >
^-q — 'X- ( 0>) qjxuA - i C£ ~ 0 ) CíO
the tbiáJ- A t^ o ^ ix c r n ccl^ f¡^ _ £jcâJ lg g -£ € jÁ OJL
— ^ ^ *fc ^
•*■ ( £ ) = e C> o » * apj t + c 2 ¿í* J
I - t 09n £
“* e S ,n 09, £ C O
yr» 0 9 ^ c*
AE £“ o í . (5 ) g Tve s
* ( 0 * C, ^> c , ^ e (O
X (£ ) - _ y 09„ e ^ ^ c I ^9| £ 4- ^2 /* , n ^ oí ^ )
+ ¿ ** *( - c . *•" ^ t ■+ Hl ©
JGS>n ~ T ^h*t , / - ‘r a ^ t
m GP^
S .n W « / + Vn
yCcPj e ü>j M W , Í (?}
4-88
9Í O O - - * “ r. C e , ) -f M. + = ¿ (s)
wi. ¿5
or
- ‘y w „ * 0 + c 2 u á + -^ ^ ¿ 0
^ ^ ■+ * W n * o " 4
* ' w ----------------------------------- ro
H enee
«W )= í ^ " * f *.
A
+ ----- e sin o s ,t C 10)

m w ¿ d
f\b i - o , E g - O O 3 'V e s
x (tO = *0
/Vi 1 - * c* , X- - > e>
4-89
ET crfe- m o f/ b n ;
2 ¿ + S ¿ - t 8 ? c - 5 ^ F e CO
C C P
t - " ' — = g ■ — - - i r o
c 2 * 2 \j2 . ( 0 '
£ o (u .{ y .C r \ c/|j v ,^r^^v€_í5T-<^ *
* '« • - £ + = = f ( , )
T o 'fo J l s& Á jL A & U rr' *•
c
* C ¿ ) = ( c , + c z t ) e + | c o
£/-CO r ^ - '
__ C $ n t ^ L5*~k -U 9 fit
ic (• £ ) = - C ( o sn - e 4 . C2 e - t2 t e
ro
* («) = 1 = c . -f 5
+ F => c ,= f- (7 )
¿ (°) - 2 -
c, os^ A- c z _ _ 2 e, -t- Cz (s>^
C2 - 2 C ,4 Z - ? _ + 2 - i L £ Y )
V T 4
• ( O kecerrv^
* « > - ( I + f * ) ¿ z\ | c o
4-90
b^yâXccrn <y^ m o i't 'o 'n :
Vn X + c 7C -f- ^ x = t> t fO
A SSum e
^ Ct ) - C, + c 2 t C O
Substv'írwte Eg,-(2 ) In ■0 ) :
c c a •+ -k c, + h- c2 i - y-t c O
Com joo-re c o r n ? S p o n e ír n ^ Ík.rm r tm bo"rt¡ sTofes o£-
E ^ -(0 :
c 2 K- t ^ C* = IT
C K + Ca C s 0 ^ c c _ Íl£ .
I * c ¡ - ~ 2 ^ a.
H enú-e -f^re s o lu -fi'o n b e c o m e s
X O to =J _ C t t _ b _C N < ^ )
i< v fe y
4-91
©
S ^ jJ -a ^ jL c n r , cf^- yy-^/C c <pn
7* x + c x + íc x - p C O CO
( 'r C t t ^ í ú i cr£ (l~) :
■*(*) = J Pt , „ - I
0
co
,/WtxfcíZVr» cr^_ fI ;
_ ' y c J ' n ’t í x
x ^ )= e c , crf « [t + Cj ^ "j- O C O
7o O M stu ^ Fcr^ erj ( O 1
' C &9r» t ^ , \
¿ ( C, Cffí M j i + C2 ^
t - y « » (^ 'r ) v ,
"+ F ( 0 e. ^ O O - O
Vyi Cc? i (j
co
Ufftvv^ tO*. 1‘yvJ^Zo-A j
x (jr - 0 ") - X 0 CX^rJ. ’íc ( i - 0') - Ó X
fcta C íO sw t C , c 2 i« . O ) 1U
tr^ x X jj^ ¿X ¿Á *
4-92
T f c o n s ^ e r func+ion of system ¡s:
r (a ) = ü í í l = ________________ 1 2 1 __________ e o
Ff>0 + \ 7-£ sS -F 12. I
NlcCtuXoJ tfc-e ccl™ be £ cn *tn A
^rorm fc<e Lc¡Â~ ir> íir e d . € n o m Cna^'toT &J- * (O -
09n - \ flz 7 - II C2 )
T>a.ynprnj r a .fr o C a ^ b e djdtiST-- rr^CriJZsÁJV o m "t£e
rrOdcMe ieA ^ ín +tTe <^£vo o m í r a - t o r df- • CO /
2 T ^ „ = ( 7 - é or 5 = 17‘ ¿ - =0 .5 Cs)
2-C'O
U í i n ^ -fte er£ 09n ^ J E ^ j . (¿p S
(^ ’é O o-^-A ( 4 ■£2.') ^ ¡V e
Pea-tc f e n e - O - - ■= - = O • U~7 ¿ A CH^)
7T y
P e r c e n lr ov ersb o ct = ^ M j, = lo o <o \J 1 ~ T *
- {JL S ^ I} -,,.<338 r .
- 100 e °'é = 100 e - i-5ié¿/ CO
S e «I.V j W « t , . ^ = J l _ = 0 . * sl(5 ,* f O
Ríse time = i r = { v r - fe~ "f j = í ) } / <*j
3 ’ IH I é - fá ^ ( 0 .£ ) __
, - _ — ~
£•6
=■ 0 - 3 3 5 5 A .
4-93
T ( í ) , i í í i = , ' * ‘l *" ----------------------------------------- f O
(=(*) 2700 ^5+ 3 '2 ¿/ X fo *
Frorn tke ¡oj£ ’te^Vv^ i‘n ffre ê-nomin^for oj? E g 'f1)? u/e
obtcu-'r» j_
05n r ^ * 2 ^ X 10^ ^ ) Z = 1 8 0 0 rcLr{ j ¿
F ro m ’tke roOÂle te>vr> in ifíe êM om íncttor E g ‘ ( 1')?

We. í » ‘n J
^ « n = 2 7 0 O ^ 2 7 0 0 - .. 7 ^
2 (iSoc.)
l/S .n g vaXu^ s fe o?„ o jU ^ £ ^ s . 5 <?n^ (¿/ -¿ O .»
Q j - G ^ o jt Á (¿y-6 2) y i'e M :
P ea*- fe - , e = 1 13 - ~ ~ ~ 11 ■
—— = —= = = = , --------
d 0S>„ /t-o-75 (1 8 o o )
= 2 - 6 3 87 ^5
p e rce n i o v e 'c s h o o i ~ ’/ ^ I f e = io o ¡o ' J i - T z‘
_ ^ 7T (c.75 ^ ? _ ? ‘5 é 2 2
= (00 e i'- e-75 1 '1 = (0 0 e -2-8^-lS^
SeHI.fej h 'r n e .* fe = - f e - = -ü — — - = 0 . 0 0 2 U S x
V ^ (©-7 5 ) 0 ^ 0
R ^ ' s e i i ' m e - t f - ^ ^ — t c c ^ 1
f e / * J
TT - W ( o -66 n i*) 7 V - 0 . 8 L 1 ? )
\\ <\0- 5 8 É? I H «? 0 - 5 8 £/
= o - o o i m s ^ .
4-94
yn - & j C - 30 = V S A J/ r *
IT s ^ ,
- í i
vn
=
\ -y- = 2* 7 3 ¿ é r ^ />
X =
2 - \j-k YT*
i— " T /9 ,í X T o J ' ( z - i ^ s e X = ¡-u s o

W j - x [ l - t „ ' \l' " ° ' S ~ . JJ ¡/ .a
rcu
TT 7T
Í , r ^rrs£ -
hUSO
■¿^ - ^ y c ttM r ^ j tcr r^ z - - —
Y CJ' r' o - “? í 2 7 ( 2 • "7 ^ ? 0
- 2 - 500 1 /
Y N
■tr - ?VCát 'fe r v í.- T T — t ^ '
1- T
W
. 9 12 ■
?
- I
IX - lec^ 7C - fo-'v* I O . £f 0 8 2
\Jl - 0 ’
j . i |8 O
I- IISO
_ = T r- /• I 9 g z = |>7ff|| ^
M l *0 l •I t* O
TV V
X í^ (, r O N H ^ v ^ of ^ 10 0 C i-r*
- f TV (2 - 236vj) - 7-(3 2 ? ?
- lo o £ YT lo o &
- 10 o { ° ' ooo M S 6 ) - O- OSS&6
4-95
S - - 2 KJ-» , ct , „ , * M
vi 3" \)
- 3 _________________
e -S
2 2^ 2 (0
~ = Jl - o. 5 ^ ' (1) = O ' á> ¿ ¿ 0 r* Á /s
i ~_ h ^ = ^ ^ — = -3 . ¿ 2 7 £ A
r 03A 0 .8 6 6 Ó
i ¿ s i ¿ r r ^ - - _J f ______ = J l ________ r ^ ^
x (J-o o- 5 ( í )
i 9 ^TnvC= T T - W / r p = = , ^
r 1 jl - T 4 /
c&
á
¿5, 5- \
- i
- TT— (^ o t f f ( r é o ) TT — '( o * 5 7 7 / / )
o o '8 660
~ 71 ~~ 3 0 - Qflo 7 _ 7T - o •5¿ 3 £
“ « « S * ------------ ? • * * ? ! ^
l ^ = {g o £- f j = )
- 7 r ('o • 5 7 7 4 ) )
v. 7 — 1- 813 9
" ío o es - /o o g
~ íé • 3 0 o "7
* ' 1 > 1 fu n lf ,*6 ^ , ^ .¿ 2 c c r > ) p
t ^ a U c\ = 40? ¿tífcU ^ £ w = 5
x « c-b .)
T f O =
F O ) <0
x 2 c
A t -r
vn ' m
"* * "ÍT r
c o
$ e £ t£ c f\ -^ /fcm ji - " t ¡^ —
'¿ - 5 *a —
4
t
OY"
T w »= TT = o . ¡?
í O
Pn ?m ^ ( O ,
vr> “ / * £
r * o
VT\
* = X ^ i
Ct9 p
^ o *
co
g- ( T é 7 ) ^ !
r * V ^ O
7T2 i-
TT
/O o
o .9/62
¿ * 2 £00
\J-7T 11 -f- o •83 9 £ 3 . 27^5
E^J. ( o ^ co
oj_S ^ '* — = 2 . S B 7 I O / i C O
n T O-2S00 r
= _ i O = o ■I 2 2 5 (T O
( z . 8 5"? * )
Pr-ffvr, (*">'
f r e í , Ov^sdív*^'" ~ C ~ \- é wi - |- £ C f l , l 2 . 2 5 0
C O
4-98
E g u < a .t »‘ovi o f rn ó h 'o n :
(2 0 0 0 i
5 ¿ + Zoo ¿ + 75o x
0 )
P
l 2 OOO
B y d e ^ i'm n g
7C
*1 »
4 J jX
X 2 =
d t
e * •
*-i
- f e
* 2 ~
cU *
we caw exprese - (i^ a i fu /o £ i* r s tr orJer
cAi‘f f e r e n f ' t a A e ^ b L c u t ¿on s
f, ( * |
í 2 (* > /* 2 * ^
— 6 Xg ^ 15 Q £ £ * 6 6 é? 6 t *f t ^ é
or (2)
ijO *2 - 15 o ¿ i + 4-0 0 ' £ ^ > ^y
A s su m m g zero iníK aA c o n d i ’ t i ' o n £,, to /\T LA B
|>ro3r a m fS U / r/ to n to £tná -fhe so lu W a n 0¿ Bg - (2 )

usi ng R a n ^ e - k u t t a . m e -fto d ( uSi'nj íy\* t l A&
íUncfíún o d e 2 3 Jp function f=dfuc2(t,x)
t s p a n = 0 : 0 . 1 : 10 f = z e r o s (2,1)
x 0 = [0 0]
[ t x ] = o d e 2 3 ( 1d f u c 2 ' , t s p a n , x O ) f ( 1 ) =x (2) ;
x(2)
p lot(t,x ) if ( t > = 0 ) &(t<=6)
f(2)=-40*x(2)-150*x(l)+66.6666*t
x l a b e l ( ' t ') e l s e i f (t>6)
ylabel('x ') f(2)=-40*x(2)-150*x(l)+400
end
g t e x t ( ’ x l 1) ;
g t e x t ( 1x 2 ' ) ; end
a nn
X
4-100
E^ uaAion o f m ofi'on:
F0 S i n ^ ; o< t < ¿i
5 i f 2 o d ¿ + 7 5 0 K = F (t-) =
o ; i > i i
w ;ft ?0 = í o o o
0 )
o*,rn^ -fc, = 6
By olef.n .'n g
dx J^JC
x ,- x , x, - x, = J t J " 2- d t *
w e caví expresa Eg • CO aA ”fü/o frrsfo rd er

d i'f -f e r e n t í o l e - ^ - o J^ io n s oj¿
íi } f *2 TT t
-Z fO * 2 - ( 5 0 * 1 - 1 - 4 - 0 0 sír1 1 .
í-
;f t m í I (O
Or '
( ^ - ^ 0 * 2 .- 1 5 0 X 1 i'f t > é )
A ssiim in g z e r o ir f i'f ll CorvJiiZcrn^j cu M A T L A B prcgra-M
is w r i t t e n jî’n J fíre íolu"K’ori E g . f í') U SÍn j
Rm nge- K u t t f t . me-ftod (usCng m ATLAB f u n c f' t o n
“odie 2 % " ) - .
function f= dfu c3 (t,x)
t s p a n = 0 : O. 1 : 10
f = z e r o s (2, 1 )
x 0 = [0 0] f (1 ) = x (2) ;
[ t x ] = o d e 2 3 ( 1d f u c 3 ’ , t s p a n , x O )
x(2) if ( t < = 6)
p lot(t,x ) f ( 2 ) = - 4 0 * x ( 2 ) - 1 5 0 * x ( l ) +400*s i n ( p i * t / 6 )
e l s e i f ( t > 6)
x l a b e l ( ’ t 1) f(2)= -40*x(2)-150*x(l)
ylabel(’x ')
end
gtext(’x l '); end
gtex t( 'x 2 ') ;
4-101
-1.5
4-102
E ^ u o Í T c m crj. m o í i ' o n :
JL* í < h
m x -e c ¿ + k x = p (-t) = t i
F, ( í t Z Í ) ; i < - ¿ -t.
wití* e n
Tm~ 5 kg , c = 200 N -s/w k = 75 0 /s//m ^ Fó - ¿ o o o N ,
i, - 3 /5 , c x n d t z = £ ¿Z ,
. (/) ca-n Fe e x p r e ssed fü/^ £irsi o refer
£jjlp-fbürrsA
g~c :
L e Jr v e, - * q^ á - v e, _- rf-
cXt
T ^ en £~fí ' ( O OZ-m t e re wrt‘H :e n au4
#l ( x / ^ X
í 2 ( * ,, * 2. , O - — — x , + - f O ) i
rrv Vrt rrj
CO
{=* s . ( 2.^) one ^SolveJ. u S ia ^ -fte R u n je K u .t í a - rr ^ J ttr ciJ l
Q vJ ifk tOA T L f t B f u n c ft ‘on odie ¿ 3 . rn '
function f=dfuc2(t,x)
f= z e r o s (2 ,1);
f(l)=x(2);
if (t>=0) & (t<=3)
f(2)=-40*x(2)-150*x(l)+133.3333*t
e l s e i f (t>3) & (t<=6)
f(2)=-40*x(2)-150*x(l)+800-133.3333*t
elseif (t>6)
f(2)=0
end
4-103
E D U » t s pa n = 0 : 0 . 1 : 8 ;
E D U » x 0 = [ 0 0] ;
E D U » [ t x ] = o d e 2 3 ( ' d f u c 2 1, t s p a n , x O ) ;
EDU» [ t x]
a ns =
i
O O O
0.1000 0.0099 0.2297
0.2000 0 . 0 4 47 0.4534
0.3000 0 . 0 9 80 0.6025
0.4000 0 . 1 6 34 0.7007
0.5000 0.2369 0.7654
0.6000 0.3156 0.8080
0.7000 0.3978 0.8360
0 . 8 0 00 0.4823 0.8548
0 . 9 0 00 0.5684 0.8659
1 .0 000 0.6554 0.8731
1.1000 0.7431 0.8797
1.2000 0.8312 0.8826
1.3000 0.9195 0.8842
1.4000 1.0081 0.8864
1.5000 1.0967 0.8871
1.6000 1.1855 0.8867
1.7000 1.2743 0.8883
1.8000 1.3631 0.8893
1.9000 1.4520 0.8869
2.0000 1.5408 0.8886
2.1000 1.6296 0 . 8 8 97
2.2000 1.7186 • 0 . 8 8 82
2.3000 1.8074 0.8881
2.4000 1.8963 0 . 8 8 94
2.5000 1.9852 0 . 8 8 94
2.6000 2.0741 0 . 8 8 77
2.7000 2.1630 0.8888
2.8000 2.2518 0.8900
2.9000 2.3408 0.8883
3.0000 2.4296 0.8896
3.1000 2.4988 ' 0.4305
3.2000 2.5180 -0.0179
3.3000 2.5003 -0.3160
3.4000 2.4582 -0.5122
3.5000 2.4002 -0.6413
3.6000 2.3316 -0.7263
3.7000 2.2560 -0.7823
3.8000 2.1759 -0.8192
3.9000 2.0928 -0.8434
4 . 0 0 00 2.0078 -0.8597
4-104
4.1000 1.9214 -0.8700
4.2000 1.8341 -0.8765
4.3000 1.7462 - 0 i 8807
4.4000 1.6580 -0.8841
4.5000 1.5695 -0.8837
4.6000 1.4810 -0.8875
4.7000 1.3922 -0.8879
4.8000 1.3035 -0.8876
4.9000 1.2146 -0.8877
5.0000 1.1258 -0.8893
5.1000 1.0370 -0.8890
5.2000 0.9481 -0.8873
5.3000 0.8592 -0.8893
5.4000 0.7704 -0.8896
5.5000 0.6814 -0.8879
5.6000 0.5926 -0.8885
5.7000 0.5037 -0.8898
5.8000 0.4148 -0.8890
5.9000 0.3259 -0.8877
6.0000 0.2371 -0.8895
6.1000 0.1481 -0.8893
6.2000 0.0592 -0.8893
6.3000 0.0297 -0.8893
6.4000 0.1187 -0.8893
6.5000 0.2076 -0.8893
6.6000 0.2965 -0.8893
6.7000 0.3855 -0.8893
6.8000 0.4744 -0.8893
6.9000 ■0.5633 -0.8893
7.0000 ■0.6522 -0.8893
7.1000 ■0.7412 -0.8893
7.2000 ■0.8301 -0.8893
7.3000 ■0. 9 1 9 0 -0.8893
7.4000 ■1.0080 -0.8893
7.5000 ■1.0969 -0.8893
7.6000 ■1.1858 -0.8893
7.7000 •1.2747 -0.8893
7.8000 •1.3637 -0.8893
7.9000 •1.4526 -0.8893
8.0000 •1.5415 -0.8893
E D U »
4-105
MetkoJ 1* =
<= 1 ¿"i
*3 = 4 “ &F¿ GSn sin GS„
¿=1
MeHod 2:
*/ = 5 [i- CoSUn-dj-] + CfiS69„ + f t L ^ c a . ^
fe n
= - S ü X in tí> „ + M „ { - ¿ i* . AS„ A±¿ + ^ c rf 6J„ A ^ ' j.
MeHoel 3:
%¿ = í ^ '' £ s;" " " ■ ^ > - % ■ ( 1 '' ^ A¿> ) + x> " “ " " ^
+ _£_£. Sin O-n &fcs

C£« d
4-106
(í ~ ^ “ »**>) + «r. " " < • » * / % + crfo9„A t¿
- ^ *¿-1 s¡"
VALUE
OF , M ethod 1 M ethod 1 M ethod 2 M ethod 3
Step variation Step variation Step variation Linear variation
w ith largervalue w ith sm aller valué with m id-valué
r X (1 ) X(I) X( I) x cn
2 0.489435E-01 0.412870F-01 0,451 034E-0l 0.463829E-01

3 0. 183327E+00 0.153639F+00 0.168413E+00 0, 17 0863E+00
4 0.374871E+ÜQ 0.31 1494E+00
5 0.342969E+00 0. 346380E +00
U.590262E+00 0,485757 F.+00 0.537537E+00
6 0,794 /7 4£ f0 0 0,54 1621E +00
0.64698l£t00 0.720014E + 00 0.724433E+00
7 0,955998E+00 0.768556E+00
B 0.860R96E+00 0.865287E+U0
0.J04732E+01 O.829582E+00 0. 936446E + 00
9 0.105081E +01 0.940461E+00
0.8171 3 3 B.+ 00 0,931268E +00 0.9346Ü5E+00
10 0.959172E+00 0.727695E+00
11 0.840009E+00 0.842438E+00
0.7766J8E+00 0.566437K+00 0,668027E+ 00 0,669410E+ 00
I XD (T ) XD (I) XD(I) XD(I)

2 0 . 30 90 171 + 0 0 0.260676E+00 0.284772 B'+ 00 0.284646E+00
3 0.539444E+00 0.448685E+00 0.493775E+00 0.493286E+00
1 0.669917E+00 0,547974E+00
5 0.608327E+00 0 •607283E+00
0,690013E+00 0.552279E+00 0.620126E+00
6 0,61H406E+00
0.601222E+00 0.465650E+00 0,531993F + 00
7 0,529561E+00
0,416706 F.tOO 0.301948E+00 0.357498E400
8 0,354412E+00
0 .159909E+00 0.8335.3 6 F.- 01 0.119506E+00
9 “0. 1 378-78F 100 0.115921E+00
“0. 1G1957E+00 “0. 152198F. + 00 -0.156045E+00
10 -0. 44U725E +00 -O.4027 34E +00 "0. 42 39H9E + 00 •0 .4 27799E+ 00
11 -0.711751F+00 “0.615408E +00 -0.661862E+00 -0.665302E+00
4-107
E fy U a A rio r\ h be so Iveá :
m -v c -x. -t-'kTt - p (•£)

IVÍH k s S O O C5 20 0 N- S / V p , 1<~ -75O N / m ?
F (-fr) 3 íver ;
t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
F(í) 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Por t he g i'vev^ d cu ta , J c. _ iL_ - Jr:---------- — -------------- ------

cc 2 ¿50 o (7 5 * 0
= O * l¿ 33
= n/ S ? c ' ' 2^ 7 ra^ ec

A t - i
/A f a A T L A B ¡ir 03 r ^ m ís u /r íH e n 'fe |inJ fAe r e s p o rte e

of fk ? S y s t e m L iS m j f Ae n u m e r í c J m e+ koót o f SecJtCo* ¿i*0*.
T h e. p ro jro - v n ftnds tfce resp on d e uSm g c JU f f e r e ^ t 'f y p e r
°f- ^ f f r o x * i n cutio o S :
(; ^ aSí& Ltrn 1' r y itc e g íver\ V&Jauc f (t ) oJr ÍT m e
i - t¿ oJ> cu ^ "fe p fo rcé ¿A u ^ n -g tk e chtJX&Jxcnrs
C "t 1* > *. j } .
0; ) 3 j Q JA i¿ m ¿ rs Jj J i v e r ) V tJlu JL F ( í ¿ + ¡ s) c Jr Ílm e
{ - £,-t , a/ fo rc é AuJ-Uy^ ffe ¿IjjJx o SZ cr^ ( i r ¡ 3 t ^ 1)
( " » ) By CLSSuwln^ I t e a ^ r^ ic i^ e . vo Ia u JU o f F (i;) cu^st ^(^<>0
^ ^ forcé d u rír*^ tk e ín te r y c d ( t ^ ■frt- + } ' > .
(^ v ) -f-fce f d r c e fo VCLry ÍUn&GJvhj fro m
fe P (fe+ O etu rínj -ffce ¡ t i i e r v a J l ( t e , “) .
4-108
i he p r o g f a m r e ^ m 'r e s tfce Acá¿j ;
f =1 ~ | o , 4 0 0 , £ o o , í 2 0 0 j 16 Q o , lo o o j loo o}
l o o Oj 2000 , 200 O) looo y
z=. d * s e r e t e V o-U ^ forcé (?iV e n ) oir tTmc .^fe-tcVw '*

o, ( , 2 , . . . , 10 .
ff = G L X rcu j £ £ ' - { Q j 2-0Oj 6 OQ > \00Q> lÔ O ^lSO O j 20 0 0 ; Z o a 0;
2 0 0 0 ^ 2000 > 2000}
— C L V e v a - je vo J aá S S o f ~tke f arc- e* i'r» -£i'm€.
ínfe>W a-¿F, Foy e^ ^ ^ X éj J vrc& c u < $ ¿f^ j {'n “f c t i'fd e ^ W »^
(¿■í > t ¿ + D ís io-k-en OS { F f * í ) -f F
J a elude O tÍTe J- ¡rs t cota po n € r t of ff ( d u mv'n.y
V¿zXte^ .
(Y)ATUAB (srogrowrh arrJi re s u lts cu re g iv e n belouj*
4-109
%===============================================================================
%
%Problem 485
%Response o f a s i n g l e D . O . F . y s t e m u n d e r a r b i t r a r y f o r c i n g f u n c t i o n
% u s i n g t h e me t h o d s o f s e c t i o n 4 . 9
%
%================================================================================
%Run " P r o b l e m 4 85 " i n MATLAB command wi ndow. Pr o b l em 4 8 5 . m s h o u l d b e i n one f o l d e r ,
%and s e t t h e p a t h t o t h i s f o l d e r
% f o l l o w i n g 11 l i n e s c o n t a i n p r o b l e m - d e p e n d e n t d at a
f = [ 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2000 2000 . . .
2000 2000 2000];
ff=[0 200 600 1000 1400 1800 2000 ...
2 0 0 0 2 00 0 20 00 2 0 0 0 ];
x a i = 0 .1633;
omn=l.2247;
xk=750.0;
d e l t = l . 0;
np=ll;
npl=10;
np2=9;
%np = number o f p o i n t s a t w h i c h v a l u é o f f i s known, n p l = n p - l , n p 2 =np - 2
x n = xa i * o mn ;
p d = o m n * s q r t ( l - x a i A2 ) ;
% s o l u t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o met h od 1 u s i n g t h e i d e a l i z a t i o n o f F i g . 4 . 1 8
t (1 )=0;
f o r i = 2 : np
t ( i )= t ( i - 1 )+ d e lt;
end
for i= l:n pl
d elf(i)= f(i+ 1) - f ( i ) ;
end
f o r j = 2 :np
x (j ) = 0 ;
x d (j ) = 0;
jm l= j-l;
for i= l:jm l
x ( j ) = x ( j ) + ( d e l f ( i ) / x k ) * ( 1- e x p ( - x n * ( t (j ) - t ( i ) ) ) * ( c o s ( p d * ( t (j ) - t ( i ) ) ) . . .
+ (xn /p d )*sin (p d *(t(j)-t(i)) )) );
x d ( j ) = x d (j ) + ( d e l f ( i ) / x k ) * e x p ( - x n * ( t (j ) - t ( i ) ) ) * s i n ( p d * ( t (j ) - t ( i ) ) ) ;
end
end
f o r i = 2 :np
x l (i ) = x (i ) ;
xd l(i)= xd(i);
end
% s o l u t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o met h od 1 u s i n g t h e i d e a l i z a t i o n o f F i g . 4.19
f o r k= 2 : n p 2
delf(k)=delf(k+1) ;
end
d e l f ( l ) = f (3);
4-110
delf(np)=f(np);
f o r j = 2 : np
x ( j ) = 0;
x d (j ) = 0 ;
jm l= j-l;
for i= l:jm l
x (j ) = x ( j ) + ( d e l f ( i ) / x k ) * ( 1- e x p ( - x n * ( t (j ) - t ( i ) ) ) * ( c o s ( p d * ( t (j ) - t ( i ) ) ) . . .
+ ( x n / p d ) * s i n ( p d * ( t (j ) - t ( i ) ) ) ) ) ;
x d ( j ) = x d ( j ) + ( d e l f ( i ) / x k ) * e x p ( - x n * ( t (j ) - t ( i ) ) ) * s i n ( p d * ( t (j ) - t ( i ) ) ) ;
end
end
f o r i = 2 :np
x 2 (i ) = x ( i ) ;
xd2 ( i ) = x d (i ) ;
end
I s o l u t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o met h od 2 u s i n g t h e i d e a l i z a t i o n o f F i g . 4 . 2 0
x (1 )=0;
x d (1 ) = 0;
f o r j = 2 : np
del= delt;
x (j ) = ( f f (j ) / x k ) * (1 - e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( c o s ( p d * d e l ) + ( x n / p d ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ) . . .
+ e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( x (j —1 ) * c o s ( p d * d e l ) + ( ( x d ( j - 1 ) + x n * x ( j - 1 ) ) / p d ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ;
x d ( j ) = ( f f ( j ) * p d / x k ) * e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( l + x n A2 / ( p d A2 ) ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) + . . .
p d * e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( - x ( j - 1 ) * s i ri ( p d * d e l ) + ( ( x d ( j - 1 ) + x n * x ( j - 1 ) ) / p d ) * . . .
c o s ( p d * d e l ) - x n * ( x (j - 1 ) * c o s ( p d * d e l ) + ( ( x d ( j - 1 ) + x n * x ( j - 1 ) ) / p d ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) / p d ) ;
end
f o r i = 2 : np
x 3 (i)= x(i);
x d 3 (i ) = x d (i ) ;
end
% s o l u t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o met h od 3 u s i n g t h e i d e a l i z a t i o n o f Fig. 4.21
x (1 ) = 0 ;
x d (1 )= 0;
for j= l:n p l
f ( j) = f (j+1 );
end
f (n p )=0;
f o r j = 2 :np
d e l f < j ) = f ( j ) - f ( j - 1 );
x ( j ) = ( d e l f ( j ) / ( x k * d e l ) ) * ( d e l - ( 2* x a i / o m n ) + e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( ( 2 * x a i / o m n ) . . .
* c o s ( p d * d e l ) - ( ( p d A2 - x n A2j / ( omn*omn*pd) ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ) + ( f ( j-1) / x k ) . . .
* (1-e x p (-x n * d e l)* (cos(p d *d el) + (xn /p d)*sin (pd *del) ) ) +exp(-xn*del)* . . .
( x (j - 1 ) * c o s ( p d * d e l ) + ( ( x d ( j - 1 ) + x n * x ( j - 1 ) ) / p d ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ;
% x d ( j ) = ( d e l f ( j ) / ( x k * d e l ) ) * ( 1 . - e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( ( ( x n A2 + p d A2 ) / (omnA2 ) ) * . . .
% c o s ( p d * d e l ) + ( ( x n A3-i-xn*pd*pd/ (pd* (omnA2) ) ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ) + ( f ( j - 1 ) / x k ) . . .
% *exp(-xn*del) * ( ( x n A2 / p d ) + p d ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) -fexp( - x n * d e l ) * (xd( j - 1 ) * ...
% c o s ( p d * d e l ) - ( (xn*xd(j - 1 ) +xn*xn*x(j - 1 ) + p d * p d * x ( j - 1 ) ) / p d ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ) ;
x d ( j ) = ( d e l f (j ) / ( x k * d e l ) ) * ( 1 . - e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( c o s ( p d * d e l ) + x n / p d * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ) . . .
+ f ( j - 1 ) / x k * e x p ( - x n * d e l ) *omnA2 / p d * s i n ( p d * d e l ) + . . .
e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( x d ( j - 1 ) * c o s ( p d * d e l ) - x n / p d * ( x d (j - 1 ) + om n /x a i* x (j - 1 ) ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) )
end
f o r i = 2 :np
4-111
x 4 (i )= x (i );
x d 4 (i ) = x d (i ) ;
end
f p r i n t f ( 'Valué Me t ho d # ! Met hod # 1 Method#2 Me t ho d# 3\ n' ) ;
f p r i n t f (' of ( F i g . 4.18 ( F i g . 4.19) ( F i g . 4.20) (F ig .4 .21)*
\n\n');
f p r i n t f (' I x i X I x i x ( i) \ n \ n ');
f o r i = 2 : np
f p r i n t f ( '%2 . 0 f . 6e . 6e %8 . 6 e %8. 6e \ n ' , i , x l ( i ) , x 2 ( i ) , x 3 ( i ) , x4 ¿
(i));
end
f p r i n t f ( 1 \n\n I xd(i' xd(i; xd ( i ' x d (i ) *
\n \ n ' ) ;
f o r i = 2 : np
f p r i n t f ( ' %2 . Of . 6e . 6e %8 . 6 e %8 . 6e \ n 1 , i , x d l ( i ) , x d 2 ( i ) , x d 3 ( i ) , ^
x d 4 (i));
end
O U TPU T :
Valué Me t ho d# l Method#2 Method#3 Met hod # 4

of (with F i ) (with F i + 1 ) (Average) (Linear)
I X(i) X(i) x(i) x(i)
2 3 . 108949e-001 6 . 217898e-001 1.55447 4e-001 4 . 234150e-001

3 1 . 0 7 2 5 6 2e + 0 0 0 1 . 834228e+000 6 . 917282e-001 1 . 428 98 5e+0 00
4 1 . 8 8 7 600e+000 2 . 7 02639e+000 1 . 4 80 08 1e +0 00 2 . 310 23 8e+0 00
5 2 .4 31 4 69e+000 2 . 975337e+000 2 . 1 59 53 4e +0 00 2 . 729 06 4e+0 00
6 2 . 782 08 4e +0 00 2 . 821805e+000 2 . 6 0 6 7 7 6e+000 2 . 8 50159e+000
7 2 . 8 91353e+000 2.-549849e+000 2 . 8 36 71 8e +0 00 2 . 731 39 8e+0 00
8 2 . 71977 9e+000 2 . 4 94834e+000 2 . 8 05 56 6e +0 00 2 . 5 81258e+000
9 2 . 5 46897e+000 2 . 645186e+000 2 . 633 33 8e +0 00 2 . 5 7 3 6 7 6e+000
10 2 . 5 61511e+000 2 . 7 6937 6e+000 2 . 5 54 20 4e +0 00 2 . 669917e+000
11 2 . 6 85885e+000 2 . 740 71 2e +0 00 2 . 623 69 8e+0 00 2 . 168 28 8e +0 00
I xd ( i) xd(i) xd ( i) xd(i)
2 4.0827 66e-001 8 . 165531e-001 2 . 534098e-001 8 . 177145e-001

3 6 . 453726e-001 8 . 8 2 4 68 6 e - 0 0 1 6 . 539808e-001 1 . 0 55989e+000
4 5 . 093804e-001 3 . 733882e-001 7 . 167341e-001 6 . 462231e-001
5 2 . 714742e-001 3 . 356802e-002 4 .8 4 6622e-001 2 . 485401e-001
6 2 . 244758e-001 -2.307991e-001 3 . 078271e-001 - 1 . 862114e-002
7 - 5 . 161846e-002 - 1 . 565322e-001 1 . 072894e-001 - 1 . 774173e-001
8 - 1 . 804487e-001 6 . 380927e-002 - 1 . 440398e-001 - 9 . 054820e-002
9 - 7 . 018955e-002 1 . 419836e-001 - 1 . 555666e-001 6 . 634439e-002
10 8 . 019918e-002 3 . 968010e-002 6.212798e-003 9 . 922484e-002
11 9 . 362366e-002 - 7 . 213250e-002 1 . 078887e-001 - 1 . 5 41325e+000
EDU»
4-112
E<fyU&Jr¡or\ (b Fe S o l v e d :
M y- Ar C 7¿ -r i< y. - p (F)
U/i'H |<= 5 00 fcy3 c =:2 0 0 W -s/rp 3k - 75 0 M /^ ,
F ( F ) g ív e n Ay;-
í O 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 10
F(í) O 1000 1732 2000 1732 1000 O O O O D
por -bine î’ve n c. _ JL. — - — ~ 0 0 - ---

cc 2/$00(7$ó')
= 0*16 33
^ = ^ - - s f^ 0 = <- S 2 ^ ra % =
A t - 4. /íe e .
,4 M A T L A B p ro g ra .m ¡s u / r í - t t c n To ^ i n J f A er e s p o n d e
q£ f£e S y s te m fAe n a v ^ e r T m e F k o d o-f SecFv*v> 4**?.
T A e pragra-m f£e responde wSing d U fe re .r+ '(ypes*

°í" <^J>ro xivncLTí’or» S :
^ By a 4 k t m t n j 'Hce g ív e n \te-lu-c. F ( F » ) cüt ÍTme
F - ^ £orce JluJT*¿ru^ tfc e. J j j 3 x & -£ co^
C ^ í > ^4 +1) •
(ü ) a / W rv j ^ g .v e n + ^
i ^ £ ,> , ^ ^ J^rce ^ T uIyx^ tife ¿U > fi(J Z c m (ir * 3 t f + j ) .
( n i ) By VclX/j j £4 q £. P ( t , ' ) a^wd F( i
aX Os ^fejp Qotcsl c lu r ir \ j jfc e ,‘ rvFer v^J!. (t|*> ■frt*H. |'>.
(V v ) By a&£-u.wvivxj ffce f ú r ^ e f© Vfí-ry ÍUoJioJiZtj -frcrc* f (t ," >
"fe t~ ( ^ i + i >) d u fm y fk e in 'h e rv a J !. ("te? ^ f-M *) *
4-113
i he projfa™ r ef í uf r e s t he & & \
¿ ~ a~r r a U £ = | O , iOOO , 17 3 2 , 2 0 0 0 J n 32, 10 0 0 , O, 6s O ? 0 , o y
~ ck\SC \£,ig \¡o\ m & í cr£ £orce. i'y s n ) o Jr tZvne ^¡{hJ^-crrÂ

Oj (, 2 , .. . , f0 .
f í - a rrecí \f£
- { o , 5oo, tS$6, 18(6, 1*66 > so o , o , o , o¿ o }
- CLVe^'CCLje. v o M j . e s o f H>e ydrc«- Tn 4 im e

¿ f e 7» ^ in TÉTe. i'r J V W * ^
( t í , t A’+ i ) «s -felfeen {F (ii) -t F ( “tr-t-0 } / % -
Xr* elude 0 ^ tte f ir s t co’crvponevi'fc of ff (dümv'w^

V a lu é ') .
(Y iA T U A B progro-rn arruí r e s a l ir s aure g ive n b elo uj»
4-114
P r o blerv» - ole p e n de n t d a . feo* »
‘ s g«*ven L e i o W .
Resfc o f f k e ^rogrtxvr» t*£ Se-we cU “fÍTe O n e j i V e n ín 1 te
SoluW o'w o£ Pro t t e m 4'85,
% = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;= = = := = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
%
%Problem 486
%Response o f a s i n g l e D . O . F . y s t e m under a r b i t r a r y f o r c i n g f u n c t i o n
%
%================================================================================
%Run " P r o b l e m 486" i n MATLAB command wi ndow. Pr o b l e m4 8 6 . m s h o u l d b e i n one f o l d e r ,
% f o l l o w i n g 11 l i n e s c o n t a i n p r o b l e m - d e p e n d e n t d a t a
f = [ 0 1000 1732 2000 1732 1000 0 0 . . .
0 0 0 ];
f f = [ 0 500 1366 1866 1866 1366 500 ...
0 0 0 0 ];
x a i= 0 .1633;
omn=l.2 24 7;
xk=750.0;
d e l t - 1 . 0;
np=ll;
npl=10;
np2=9;
%np = number o f p o i n t s a t w h i c h v a l u é o f f i s known, n p l = n p - l , n p 2 =np - 2
4-115
OU T PUT
Valué Me t ho d# l Met hod #2 Method#3 Method#4

of ( w i t h Fi ) ( w i t h Fi +1) ( Av e r a g e ) (Linear)
I x (i) x(i) x(i) x(i)
2 7 . 772372e-001 1 . 3 46175e+000 3 . 886186e-001 9.8314 91e-001

3 2 . 4 73104e+000 3 . 5 06316e+000 1 . 6 25171e+000 2 . 9 94835e+000
4 3 . 6 39747e+000 3 . 8 31135e+000 3 . 056 42 5e+0 00 3 . 848 94 6e+0 00
5 3 . 1 53208e+000 1 . 8 21771e+000 3 . 396 47 8e+0 00 2 . 5 99 41 8e +0 00
6 1 . 338 64 0e+0 00 - 8 . 34 6 0 5 1 e - 0 0 1 2 . 2 45 92 4e +0 00 2 . 687429e-001
7 - 6 . 607368e-001 - 1 . 705 86 0e+0 00 3 . 389516e-001 - 1 . 357 22 9e+0 00
8 - 1 . 2 81035e+000 - 4 . 311744e-001 - 9 . 708857e-001 - 9 . 683218e-001
9 - 3 . 010167e-001 8 . 930940e-001 - 7 . 910256e-001 3 . 474621e-001
10 6 . 839067e-001 8 . 076697e-001 1 . 914450e-001 8 . 508735e-001
11 5 . 989412e-001 - 1 . 296334e-001 6 . 414239e-001 2 . 612088e-001
xd ( i ) xd(i; xd(i: xd ( i )
2 1 . 0 20691e+000 1 . 7 67838e+000 6 . 335245e-001 1 . 8 35 98 7e +0 00

3 1 . 3 39886e+000 1 . 300 17 1e +0 00 1 . 465 16 7e+0 00 1 . 7 69018e+000
4 3 . 674506e-001 - 7 . 035371e-001 1 . 059 71 3e+0 00 - 2 . 306506e-001
5 - 9 . 583221e-001 - 2 . 0 27249e+000 - 3 . 667432e-001 - 2 . 0 69 75 8e +0 00
6 - 1 . 5 49979e+000 - 1 . 7 26 36 2e +0 00 - 1 . 5 56 85 7e +0 00 - 2 . 3 19 10 0e +0 00
7 - 1 . 278 41 1e+0 00 3 . 563831e-001 - 1 . 7 55 53 0e +0 00 - 6 . 349080e-001
8 2 . 965919e-001 1 . 3 64191e+000 - 6 . 093971e-001 1 . 185 85 3e+0 00
9 1 . 029 19 4e+0 00 5 . 533244e-001 8 . 228908e-001 1 . 1 14 25 1e +0 00
10 3 . 988634e-001 - 5 . 931274e-001 8 . 863689e-001 - 1 . 478394e-001
11 - 4 . 582685e-001 - 7 . 153526e-001 - 3 . 687169e-002 - 8 .3 2 7 681e-001
EDU»
4-116
Eûa-irio-n. kb b e So lve d :
IV iH f< = 5 0 0 fcy, c = 200 W 'V-cn ^ k “ 7 5 O /v j/^ , a J

FC^) g (Ven ky:
f 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
F(í) 0 666.7 1333.3 2000 1333.3 666.7 0 0 0 0 0
For qi'ver» J cr _ iL - JE _ 2oo

T ' £o 2 ^ 7 2 /«roo (7 S & }
= O *(£33
5T = Zt VÓ' _ ro d
< W k Y W 5 0. 0 = " s 2 ‘ í ’ >
- i. J ec.
A faATLAB projra-m is uJrC-t f e n fín j the response

of System u S irj fAe numert'ccJ metkocf o f §e<JcLQr> ¿A2?
t A c . pregro-rr, ;fírvds tée r e s p e n se uSm j eSUf(fe v-en+ f y p e r
°f rox,,tn o jti'o rt $ :
f ;') fl44ttm ín^ -fice g iver* v<2>L«=£- F(£») air ume
■t ~ t ¿ oJ> Qj AÍ& J p f o r c é J jj^ v C r ^ tk £ ch^lJ^Xccrrs
(k ¡ i + ,) .
(lí) ■fte g i v e n vo J U jl F ( i¿ + cJ r ÍZm e
i - f,-+| QJ> Of /Ste^p f o x c e <Sm H ¿ y^ ffe ¿Ud%a$Z<Fn (+ ;, t f + ií
( » !') By assum/nj 1tE O A re^-o^: vclZ u j¿¿ o f F(t/) a^d
aS 05/ /Sfe^p f o r c é d u r m g ffce in te r y o J - i ’í + ; ^ -
O ) aA&uwUjnjj fê f o r c é . fG v a rg fat^LasXy fr o m F f £ f ')
■fe F f í í + i ' ) elurfnj -fte in te rv e d ( t f 9 t< > 0 .
4-117
i he pr o g r & m recurres fríe .*
f r- o-rro^ #
- ^ O, GGC*7? 1333-3, 2ooo, |33 3 - 3 , 66$ .7, 0, 0 , 0 , 0 .,
= d e c r e t e VoÁm&a og- ¡forcé (5 j'yen) t¿rr»e ^feutFcTYV'?

o , l , 2 , .. . , 10 .
f ? = CLYroy f£
- ^ ( 3 , 3 3 3- 3 5^ 10 00 . c», 16 6 S , /£££- 65 7 lo o o - o , 3 3 3 - 3 5 ,
O ; 0 , O , O J-
= ¿ t v e r ^ e . vo-íu es o f. - f e e f a r c e - i'n c k fr ^ L Z r ^ 4 » 'm e
m f^ w o ií* f^Y J h r c e . c u t$ ¿ r^ Jn ír d v w * -^
( t t , t¿ + 0 ís *fe-fcftn as { F ( * í ) + F (*•*+» ) i A -
Xr» e l u d e 0 ^ t¡Te ¡first cott* ( s o n e r í t of- ff (dumym,vy
WcJjue^ ,
(YiatL-AB (^rogrev-rn onrJÍ r e s u - its a r e g iV e n belou/.
4-118
f r o tlem - de pendeni & dbo- \'s g i V e n lelau/.
K ^ s t o£ p ro g n a m i4S s a m e a jí "tfce one gíV€n ín 'ftre
Solution o£ fV o tle m 4*85,
%===============================================================================
%
%Probl em 487
%Response o f a s i n g l e D . O . F . y s t e m u n de r a r b i i r a r y f o r c i n g f u n c t i o n
%
% ================================================================================
%Run " P r o b l e m 4 8 7 " i n MATLAB command window. P r o b l e m 4 8 7 . m s h o u l d b e i n one f o l d e r ,

f=[0 6 6 6 . 7 1 3 3 3 . 3 2000 1 3 3 3 . 3 6 6 6 . 7 0 0 . . .
0 0 0] ;
ff=[0 3 3 3 . 3 5 1000 1 6 6 6 . 6 5 1 6 6 6 . 6 5 1000 3 3 3 . 3 5 ...
0 0 0 0] ;
x a i = 0 .1633;
omn=l.2247;
xk =750.0 ;
d e l t = l . 0;
np=ll;
npl=10;
np2 = 9 ;
%np = number o f p o i n t s a t w h i c h v a l u é o f f is known, n p l = n p - l , n p 2 =np - 2
4-119
O U T P U T *
Valué Me t ho d# l Me‘t h o d #2 Method#3 Method#4

of (with Fi) ( w i t h Fi + 1 ) ( Av e r a g e ) (Linear)
I x(i) x(i) x (i) x (i)
2 5 . 181841e-001 1 . 0 36290e+000 2 . 590920e-001 7 . 056989e-001

3 1 . 7 8 7 614e+000 3 . 0 57009e+000 1.152899e+000 2 . 3 81 62 1e +0 00
4 3 . 1 45 96 8e +0 00 3 . 4 68052e+000 2 . 4 66 79 1e +0 00 3 . 475 29 7e +0 00
5 3 . 016 07 8e+0 00 1 . 383 70 0e +0 00 3 . 0 81 02 3e +0 00 2 . 324 01 8e +0 00
6 1.061597e+000 - 1 . 0 70785e+000 2 . 0 38 83 8e +0 00 - 4 . 617081e-002
7 - 9 . 548672e-001 - 1 . 549 36 5e +0 00 5 . 336486e-002 - 1 . 431 88 1e+0 00
8 - 1 . 2 66 13 3e +0 00 - 1 . 819752e-001 - 1 . 1 10 50 0e +0 00 - 8 . 005783e-001
9 - 9 . 519907e-002 9 . 329063e-001 - 6 . 806662e-001 4 . 949162e-001
10 7 . 934411e-001 6 . 637443e-001 3 . 491210e-001 8 . 240604e-001
11 5 . 245850e-001 - 2 . 399016e-001 6 . 590131e-001 1 . 467951e-001
xdd: xd(i' xd(i xd(i:
2 6 . 804950e-001 1.360888e+000 4 . 2237 0 8 e - 0 0 1 1.362848e+000

3 1.075573e+000 1 . 4 7 0 7 95e+000 1 . 089 95 9e +0 00 1.759957e+000
4 8 . 489505e-001 - 7 . 386111e-001 1.194516e+000 4 . 071099e-002
5 - 9 . 084763e-001 - 2 . 095 23 8e +0 00 - 3 .6 9 4 656e-002 - 2 . 124 61 6e+0 00
6 -1.7 77043e+000 - 1 . 4 02138e+000 - 1 . 666 85 3e+0 00 - 2 . 229 62 4e+0 00
7 - 1 . 1 03 48 9e +0 00 5 . 902433e-001 - 1 . 7 87 89 3e +0 00 - 3 . 210067e-001
8 5 . 503805e-001 1.282662e+000 - 3 . 433041e-001 1.308165e+000
9 1 . 059 31 9e+0 00 3.4 92155e-001 9 . 991113e-001 9 . 748626e-001
10 2 . 462363e-001 - 6 . 570073e-001 8 . 103346e-001 - 3 . 107742e-001
11 - 5 . 670969e-001 - 6 . 156291e-001 - 1 . 991523e-001 - 8 . 339525e-001
EDU»
4-120
m - lo Kg, M. = 4 000 N/m , C = 40 N -s/m } F - 100 N -J
= \/í t f £- = 20
y _ _c _____________4 °
*~c 2. sJ’K m" 2 ^4 O í o ( lo
n/i - T 2-1 « n = ^1- = 13*833749 ro - J/s
Assuminy -tka^k i m jafl-c-t is gi'ven cut t - O , we fina iAe
response o-f tAe S y s t e m a-í (fromEq. (4.26)):

-TOS t
* , ( * ) = F e 1 _ Jfn t
m CJj
- fo -1") C2-0") t
= (<0 0 ) _ £ -------------------------- sin t ?- S? ?7y- ' ? £
lo O 1? ■89? 7 * 3 )
4-121
X Ct)= O’ S O Z S 13 e 2t s i n 19' S 9 S 1 4 3 i CE ‘ 0
P l o t t inj- 0% £ g . Qb * i ) USt'nj MATLAB:
% Ex4_88.m
for i = 1 : 501
t ( i) = 5*(i-1 )/5 0 0 ;
x (i ) = 0.502519 * e x p ( - 2 . 0 * t ( i ) ) * sin( 1 9 .899749*t(i) );
end
p lot(t,x ) ;
x la b e l( 't ');
y la b el('x ( t ) ');
(4.27) and (4.26):

- T (*t - 'b'
X 2 C t ) “ _ € __________________________ -Sin 0 9 j ( * É : - r )
por o-5, Eg. ( E - 2 ) 3 'ves
4-122
- O. I f z o ) C* - a ' O „ .
se ( i ) = e_____________________ Sin i?. S3 9 7 4 9 ( t - o.s)
¡o ( i ?. 8 9 9 7 4 9 )
-2 í-t- o -O
= 0. 2512 53 £ n' n tf.SS97¿t3 ( i - » - 5 )
jke respanse due t/e ¡mpa-cts (ín m e t e r s ^ ) ís g ¡V e r¡ t y
r 0 ' 5 0 2 5 19 e" sf* l*?* S 9 3 7 ^ 3 t ; 0 5 i 5 o-5
* ^ ~ ¡ 6,251253 ¿ 2 ° * 5) s.'n I <? * S 3 9 7¿f 3 ( í - o - 5) ; í >

(E - 3 s
PI o i h !n j o.j- Eg. ( £ •3 ^ uSi'ng /WA f i-A B :
% Ex4_89.m
for i = 1 : 1001
t ( i ) = ( i - 1 ) *5/1000;
if t ( i ) <= 0 . 5
x (i ) = 0 .5 0 2 5 1 9 * exp (-2*t(i)) * s in { 1 9 . 899749*t(i) ) ;
else
x (i ) = 0.251259 * e x p (-2 * (t (i)-0.5 )) * s i n (19.899749*( t ( i ) - 0 . 5 ) ) ;
end
end
p l o t (t , x) ;
xla b el( 't ');
yla b el('x ( t ) ');
4-123
Response due te s t e p loa,á. ( see £g . ( e ■/) 0 f E x a 4.11):
— Y üS i.
F & > n r
x (-t) =
-k
+ e
wii ^
^ = icLh 1 j
Qüjtoj: rn - loo kj
F* = lo o N j
a9° ' \ f]P ” 'iTT r 3*^6^10 2 YO-d/J ,
- c 50 25
S- ;---- =: --- -— ..... — - =o>o"72l6S>
2 \¡jctr) 2 yf ( \ Z c o ) O ó o ' ) 3^6.4/01^1
üSj = ^ - X * ' 55 3-455069 r« .J/ s

, - t / o-o72l 6 3 \ i
á= to-n ( ------------ ) = 0-07 22 3 2 r¿tcf
r \ 0*99 7 3 9 2 /
Plotkinj :
% Ex4_90.m
FO = 1 0 0 ;
m = 100;
k = 1200;
c = 50;
wn = 3 . 4 6 4 1 0 2 ;
z e t a = 0.072169;
wd = 3 . 4 5 5 0 6 9 ;
p h i = 0.072232;
tO = 0 . 1 ;
f o r i = 1 : 5 01
t ( i ) = 20* ( i - 1 ) / 5 0 0 ;
x l ( i ) = FO * e x p ( - z e t a * w n * t ( i ) ) * ( - c o s ( w d * t ( i ) - p h i ) + ...
exp(zeta*wn*tO) * c o s ( w d * ( t ( i ) - t O ) - p h i ) ) ;
end
tO = 1 . 5 ;
f o r i = 1 : 501
t 2 ( i ) = 2 0 * ( i —1 ) / 5 0 0 ;
x 2 ( i ) = FO * e x p ( - z e t a * w n * t 2 ( i ) ) * ( - c o s ( w d * t 2 ( i ) - p h i ) + ...
exp(zeta*wn*tO) * c o s (w d * (t 2 ( i ) - t O ) - p h i ) ) ;
end
p lo t(t,x l);
x la b e l( 't ');
y l a b e l ( 'x (t) ' ) ;
t i t l e ( ' S olid lin e : t_0 = 0 .Is Dashed l i n e : t_0 = 1 .5 s ');
h o l d on;
p l o t (t 2 , x2 , ' - - ') ;
4-124
Solid line: tQ= 0.1 s Dashed line: tQ= 1,5s
%Run " P r o g r a m 4 " i n MATLAB coirimand w i n d o w . P r o g r a m 4 . m a n d p e r i o d . m

% s h o u l d b e i n t h e same f o l d e r , a n d s e t t h e p a t h t o t h i s f o l d e r
% fo llo w in g seven l i n e s co n ta in problem -dependent data
xm= 1 . 0 ;
x k = 4 0 0 .0;
x a i = 0 .125;
n =2 0 ;
m= 1 0 ;
tim e=l ;
f = [ 6 2 . 5 1 2 5 1 8 7 . 5 2 50 3 1 2 . 5 3 75 4 3 7 . 5 5 00 z e r o s ( 1 , 1 2 ) ] ' ;
t =0 . 0 5 : 0 . 0 5 : 1 . 0 0 ;
%e nd o f p r o b l e m - d e p e n d e n t d a t a
[ x s i n , x c o s , p s i , p h i , f z e r o , f c , x , x p c , x p s ] = p e r i o d ( x m , x k , x a i ,n , m , t i m e , f , t) ;
f p r i n t f ( ' Response o f a s i n g l e D.O.F. system under p e r i o d i c f o r c e \ n \ n ')
fp r in tf('x m = %1 0 . 8 e \ n ' , x m ) ;
f p r i n t f ( ' xk = %1 0 . 8 e \ n ' , x k ) ;
f p r i n t f ( 'x a i = %1 0 . 8 e \ n ' , x a i ) ;
f p r i n t f ( 'n = %2 . O f \ n ' , n ) ;
f p r i n t f ( 'm = %2 . O f \ n ' , m ) ;
f p r i n t f ( ' t i m e = %10 . 8 e \ n \ n ' , t i m e ) ;
4-125
f p r i n t f ( ' A p p l i e d f o r c é and r e s p o n s e : \n\n');
f p r i n t f (' i t (i) f(i) x(i) ' K
7
f p r i n t f ( ' \n \ n ' ) ;
fo r i= l:n
f p r i n t f (' %2 . Of %1 0 . 8 e %1 0 . 8 e %1 0 . 8 e \ n # , i , . . .
t ( i ) , f ( i ) , x ( i ) );
end
s u b p l o t (1 2 1 ) ;
p l o t (t , f );
xlab el('t ' ) ;
y l a b e l ( ' F (t) ') ;
% t i t l e ( 'F ( t ) ') ;
s u b p l o t (122) ;
p lo t(t,x );
% t i t l e ( 'x ( t ) ') ;
x la b el('t ' ) ;
y l a b e l ( 'x ( t ) ') ;
% function p eriod.m
f u n e t i o n [ x s i n / X c o S / p s i / p h i , f z e r o , f c , x , x p c , x p s ] = p e r i o d ( x m , x k , x a i , n , m / t i m e , fiC
, t)
omeg=2.0 * 3 .1 4 1 6 /tim e;
o m e g n = s q rt (xk/xm) ;
sumz=0 . 0 ;
for i= l:n
sumz=sumz+f(i) ;
end
f z e r o = 2 . 0*sumz/n;
fo r j= l:m
sums=0 . 0 ;
s u m c = 0 . 0.;
fo r i= l:n
th eta= j*om eg*t(i);
f s i n = f ( i ) * s i n (t h e t a ) ;
fcos= f(i)*cos(th eta);
sums= sums+ f s i n ;
sume=sume+f e o s ;
end
a j = 2 . 0*sumc/n;
b j =2 . 0 * s u m s / n ;
r=om eg/omegn ;
p h i ( j ) = a t a n ( 2 . 0 * x a i * j * r / ( l - ( j * r ) A2 ) ) ;
c o n = s q r t ( ( 1 . 0 - ( j * r ) ^ 2 ) A2 + ( 2 . 0 * x a i * j * r ) ^ 2 ) ;
x p c (j ) = ( a j / x k ) / c o n ;
x p s (j ) = ( b j / x k ) / c o n ;
end
for i= l:n
4-126
x ( i ) = f z e r o / 2 /xk;
f o r j = 1 :m
x ( i ) = x ( i ) + x p c ( j ) * c o s ( j * o m e g * t ( i ) - p h i ( j ) ) + x p s ( j ) * s i n ( j * o m e g * t ( i ) - p h i (d S
end
end
Results o f E x4 _9 1
**********************************************
» program4
xm = 1 . OOOOOOOOe-i-OOO
xk = 4 . 00000000e+002
xa i = 1 . 25000000e-001
n = 20
m =10
t i m e = 1 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO
A pplied forcé and r e s p o n s e :
i t (i) f (i) x(i)
1 5.00 00 00 0 0e-0 0 2 6 . 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 e + 001 3 . 7 8 7 8 9 2 9 2 e - 001

2 1 . 00000000e-001 1 . 25000000e+002 6.65286858e-001.
3 1 . 50000000e-001 1 . 8 7 5 0 0 0 0 0 e + 002 5 . 0 0 2 8 3 7 6 2 e - 001
4 2 . 00000000e-001 2 . 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e + 0 02 2 . 37031525e-001
5 2 .5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e - 001 3 . 12500000e+002 3 .39025654e-001
6 3 .00000000e-001 3 . 75000000e+002 9 . 4 2 1 1 0 8 6 8 e - 001
7 3 . 50000000e-,001 4.37500000e+002 1.58854150e+000
8 4 . OOOOOOOOe-OOl 5.00000000e+002 1 .55862192e+000
9 4 . 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e - 001 0 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO 6.56373440e-001
10 5 . OOOOOOOOe-OOl 0 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO - 5 . 2 3 6 3 2 6 7 9 e - 003
4-127
11 5 . 50000000e-001 0 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO - 3 . 7 7 0 6 5 2 4 7 e - 001
12 6 . 00000000e -0 0 1 0 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO -5 . 06616825e-001
13 6 . 50000000e-001 0 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO -3.5748127le-001
14 7 . 00000000e -0 0 1 0 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO 4 . 8 3 3 3 8 9 9 9 e - 002
15 7 . 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e - 001 0 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO 4 . 21581779e-001
16 8 . OOOOOOOOe-OOl 0 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO 4 . 69545854e-001
17 8 . 50000000e-001 0 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO 1 . 0 2 6 5 6 1 1 6 e - 001
18 9 . OOOOOOOOe-OOl 0 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO - 3 . 5 4 8 4 0 5 5 1 e - 001
19 9 . 50000000e-001 0 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO -5.10135040e-001
20 1 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO 0 . OOOOOOOOe+OOO - 1 . 7 1 8 1 5 3 7 7 e - 001
(V 492J) ^
%Prograxa5 .m
%Response o f a s i n g l e D .O .F .y ste m under a r b i t r a r y forcin g function
% u s i n g t h e m e t h o d s o f s e c t i o n ¡\ \\
% Run " P r o g r a m S " i n MATLAB command w i n d o w . P r o g r a m 5 . m sh.ou.ld b e i n o n e

% f o l d e r , and s e t th e p a t h t o t h i s f o l d e r
% f o l l o w i n g 11 l i n e s c o n t a i n p ro b le m -d e p e n d e n t d a ta
xa i= 0.1 ;
om n=31.622777;
xk=le5;
d elt= 0.1;
np= 2 1 ;
n pl=20;
np2=19;
%np = n umb e r o f p o i n t s a t w h i c h v a l u é o f f i s k n o wn , n p l = n p - l , n p 2 = n p - 2
% e nd o f p r o b l e m - d e p e n d e n t d a t a
xn=xai*omn;
p d = o m n * s q r t ( l - x a i /N2 ) ;
% s o l u t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o m e t h o d l (using step variation w ith larger valué, Approach 1)
t (1 )= 0 ;
f ( l ) = 0;
ff(l) = 0;
f o r i = 2 :np
t ( i ) = t ( i —1 ) + d e l t ;
f(i) = 1000*(1-cos(pi*t(i)));
f f ( i ) = 1 0 0 0 * ( 1 —c o s ( p i * ( t ( i ) + t ( i —1 ) ) / 2 ) );
end
for i = l :npl
d e lf(i)= f(i+ 1) - f ( i ) ;
end
for j .=2 : n p
x( j)= 0 ;
xd(j)=0;
jm l= j- 1 ;
for i= l:jm l
x(j)=x(j)+(delf(i)/xk)* (1-exp(-xn*(t(j)-t(i))}*...
( c o s ( p d * ( t (j ) - t ( i ) ) ) + ( x n / p d ) * s i n ( p d * ( t ( j ) - t ( i ) ) ) ) ) ;
x d (j )= x d (j)+ ( d e l f ( i ) /x k ) * e x p ( - x n * ( t ( j) - t ( i ) ) ) * s i n ( p d * ( t ( j ) - t ( i ) ) ) ;
end
end
for i = 2 :np
x l ( i ) = x (i ) ;
4-128
x d l (i ) = x d ( i ) ;
end
% s o l u t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o m e t h o d 1 (using step variation w ith sm aller valué, Approach 2)
f o r k=2 :n p 2
d elf(k )= delf(k + 1 ) ;
end
d e l f ( l ) = f (3);
d elf(n p )= f(n p );
f o r j = 2 :np
x (j )= 0 ;
x d (j)= 0;
jm l= j-l;
for i= l:jm l
x ( j ) = x ( j ) + ( d e l f (i) /xk) * (1-e x p (-xn* (t ( j ) - t ( i ) ) ) *. . .
( c o s ( p d * ( t ( j ) - t ( i ) ) ) + ( x n / p d ) * s i n ( p d * ( t ( j ) —t ( i ) ) ) ) ) ;
x d ( j ) = x d ( j ) + ( d e l f ( i ) / x k ) . * e x p ( - x n * ( t ( j ) - t ( i ) ) ) * s i n ( p d * ( t { j ) —t ( i ) ) ) ;
end
end
f o r i = 2 :np
x2 (i)= x (i) ;
x d 2 (i ) = x d ( i ) ;
end
% s o l n t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o m e t h o d 2 (usi ng step variation wi th mi d- val ue, A p p r o a c h 3)
x (1 ) =0 ;
x d (1 )= 0 ;
f o r j =2 : n p
del= delt;
x ( j ) = ( f f (j ) / x k ) * (1 - e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * (c o s (p d * d e l) + ( x n /p d ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ) . . .
+ e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( x ( j - 1 ) * c o s ( p d * d e l ) + ( ( x d ( j —1 ) + x n * x ( j - 1 ) ) / p d ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ;
x d ( j ) = ( f f ( j ) * p d / x k ) * e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( l + x n A2 / ( p d A2 ) ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) + p d * . . .
e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( - x ( j - l ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) + ( ( x d ( j - 1 ) + x n * x ( j - 1 ) ) / p d ) * c o s ( p d * d e l ) . . i/
- x n * (x (j-1 )*cos(p d *del)+ ( (x d (j-l)+ x n * x (j-1 ) ) /p d )* sin (p d * d e l)) /p d );

end
f o r i = 2 :np
x 3 (i ) = x ( i ) ;
x d 3 (i ) = x d (i );
end
% s o l u t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o m e t h o d 3 (using linear variation, A pproach 4)
x (1 ) =0;
x d (1 ) = 0 ;
f o r j =1 : n p l
f (j)= f (j+ l);
end
f ( n p ) =0 ;
f o r j = 2 :np
d e l f (j ) = f (j ) - f (j - 1 ) ;
x ( j ) = ( d e l f (j ) / ( x k * d e l ) ) * ( d e l - ( 2 * x a i / o m n ) + e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( (2 * x a i / o m n ) . . .
* c o s ( p d * d e l ) - '( ( p d A2 - x n A2 ) / ( omn*o mn*pd) ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ) + ( f ( j - 1 ) / x k ) . . .
* (1- e x p (- x n * d e l) * (co s (p d * d e l) + (x n /p d )* s in (p d * d e l)) ) +exp(-xn*del) * . ..
( x ( j - 1 )* c o s (pd*del) + ( ( x d ( j - 1 ) + x n * x ( j- 1 ) ) /p d ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) );
% x d ( j ) = ( d e l f ( j ) / ( x k * d e l ) ) * ( 1 . - e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( ( ( x n A2 + p d A2 ) / (omnA2 ) ) * . . .
% c o s ( p d * d e l ) + ( ( x n A3 + x n * p d * p d / ( p d * ( o m n A2 ) ) ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ) + ( f ( j - 1 ) / x k ) . ^
4-129
% * e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( ( x n ^ 2 / p d ) +pd) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) + e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( x d ( j - 1 ) * . . .
% c o s ( p d * d e l ) - { ( x n * x d ( j - 1 ) + x n * x n * x ( j - 1 ) + p d * p d * x ( j - 1 ) ) / p d ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ))
/
x d ( j ) = ( d e l f ( j ) / ( x k * d e l ) ) * ( 1 . - e x p ( - x n * d e l ) * ( c o s ( p d * d e l ) +x n / p d * . . .
s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ) + f ( j - 1 ) / x k * e x p ( - x n * d e l ) *oirmA2 / p d * s i n ( p d * d e l ) + e x p ( - x n * d e l ) . . ^
* ( x d ( j - 1 ) * c o s ( p d * d e l ) - x n / p d * ( x d ( j - 1 ) + o m n / x a i * x (j - 1 ) ) * s i n ( p d * d e l ) ) ;
end
f o r i = 2 :np
x 4 (i ) = x (i ) ;
xd 4 (i ) = x d (i ) ;
end
fp rin tf...
( 7V alué Approach #1 Approach #2 Approach #32 Approach #4\n' ¿
fp rin tf...
{7 of (Fig. 4.36) (Fig. 4.36) (Fig. 4.36) (Fig. 4.36) ' ) ;
f p r i n t f ( 7\n\n7) ;
fp rin tf...
(7 I x(i) x(i) X(i) x ( i ) \ n \ n 7) ;
f o r i = 2 :np
fp rin tf...
( 7 %2 . 0 f %8 . 6 e %8 . 6 e %8 . 6 e %8. 6 e \ n ' , i , x l ( i ) , x 2 ( i ) , x 3 ( i ) , . . .
x4 ( i ) ) ;
end
fp rin tf...
( 7\n\n I xd (i) xd(i) xd ( i ‘ x d (i ) ' ) ;
f p r i n t f ( 7 \ n \ n 7) ;
f o r i = 2 :np
fp rin tf...
( 7 %2 . 0 f %8 . 6 e %8 . 6 e %8 . 6 e . 6e \ n 7 , i , x d l ( i ) , x d 2 ( i ) , . . .
x d 3 ( i ) , x d 4 (i )) ;
end
s u b p l o t (2 2 1 ) ;
p l o t (t , x l ) ;
h o l d on;
p l o t (t , x d l ) ;
x l a b e l ( 71 7) ;
y l a b e l ( 7x ( t ) x d ( t ) 7 ) ;
t i t l e ( 7M e t h o d #1 (Fig. 4.36)1' ) ;
s u b p l o t (222) ;
p lo t(t,x 2) ;
h o ld on;
p l o t (t , xd2);
x l a b e l ( 71 7) ;
y l a b e l ( 7x ( t ) x d ( t ) 7.) ;
t i t l e ( 7M e t h o d #1 (Fig. 4.36) ' ) ;
s u b p l o t (223) ;
p lo t(t,x 3 );
h o l d on;
p lo t(t,x d 3 );
x l a b e l ( 71 7 ) ;
y l a b e l ( 7x ( t ) x d ( t ) 7) ;
t i t l e ( 7M e t h o d #2 (Fig. 4.36) ' ) ;
s u b p lo t (224);
4-130
p l o t (t , x 4 ) ;
h o l d on;
p lo t(t,x d 4 );
x l a b e l ( ' t ' );
y la b e l('x (t) x d (t )');
t i t l e ( ' M e t h o d #3 (Fig. 4.36) ' ) ?
R e s u l t s o f Ex4__92
**************************************
>> p r o g r a m 5
V alué Approach #1 Approach #2 Approach #3 Approach #4
of (Fig. 4.36) (Fig; 4.36) (Fig. 4.36) (Fig. 4.36)
I x(i) x(i) x(i) x(i)
2 8 . 463498e-004 3 . 302553e-003 2 . 128980e-004 2 . 112992e-003

3 2 . 685367e-003 4 . 719852e-003 1 . 729506e-003 3 . 731773e-003
4 5 . 169912e-003 8 . 506840e-003 3 . 803611e-003 6 . 890461e-003
S 8 . 178657e-003 1 . 1 0 8 8 9 0 e - 0 ’02 6 . 668076e-003 9 . 675896e-003
6 1 . 132821e-002 1 . 454957e-002 9 . 724658e-003 1 . 298875e-002
7 1 . 437507e-002 1 . 684652e-002 1 . 290593e-002 1 . 564646e-002
8 1 . 697375e-002 1 . 899708e-002 1 . 573148e-002 1 . 801666e-002
9 1 . 890432e-002 1 . 988503e-002 1 . 804796e-002 1 . 940816e-002
10 1 . 995267e-002 2 .008383e-002 1.95387 6e-002 2 . 002060e-002
11 2 . 003452e-002 1 . 909252e-002 2 . 012346e-002 1 . 954838e-002
12 1 . 912848e-002 1 . 735920e-002 1 . 969707e-002 1 . 821740e-002
13 1 . 733299e-002 1 . 479759e-002 1 . 833 6 1 5 e - 0 0 2 1 . 602653e-002
14 1 . 481670e-002 1 . 184504e-002 1 . 614852e-002 1 . 328634e-002
15 1 . 183110e-002 8 . 654518e-003 1 . 336683e-002 1.01947 8e-002
16 8 . 664674e-003 5 . 637520e-003 1 . 024989e-002 7 . 105849e-003
17 5 . 630116e-003 3 . 017069e-003 7 . 112632e-003 4 . 284352e-003
18 3 . 022466e-003 1 . 102377e-003 4 . 254988e-003 2 . 033946e-003
19 1 . 098443e-003 4 . 244805e-005 1 . 961909e-003 5 . 548287e-004
20 4 . 531599e-005 - 3 . 095846e-005 4 . 540486e-004 6 . 474018e-006
21 - 3 . 304897e-005 - 8 . 237715e-004 - 1 . 182168e-004 - 4 . 635301e-00i
I xd (i) xd ( i ) xd (i) xd (i)
2 - 1 . 724478e-006 - 6 . 729107e-006 - 1 . 378674e-005 2 . 450722e-002

3 - 2 . 490738e-006 2 . 014596e-006 - 8 . 816757e-005 2 . 042474e-002
4 - 3 . 247781e-006 -9 . 183878e-006 -7 . 008044e-005 3 . 328193e-002
5 - 3 . 7 64329e-006 1 . 429730e-006 - 1 . 344394e-004 2 . 918735e-002
6 - 3 . 674900e-006 - 8 . 092879e-006 -9 . 999247e-005 3 . 213625e-002
7 - 3 . 530832e-006 1 . 215821e-006 - 1 . 331627e-004 2 . 478209e-002
8 - 2 . 722577e-006 -5 .2 67 651e-006 - 8 . 596171e-005 2 . 017583e-002
9 - 1 . 950123e-006 2 . 028444e-006 - 8 . 738285e-005 9 . 855085e-003
10 - 7 . 153334e-007 - 1 . 882855e-006 -3 . 287885e-005 1 . 272298e-003
11 3 . 543858e-007 3 . 391564e-006 - 1 . 391042e-005 -9 . 388100e-003
12 1 . 587911e-006 1 . 060844e-006 3 . 774625e-005 - 1 . 771827e-002
13 2 . 501541e-006 4 . 446538e-006 6 . 063053e-005 -2 . 533370e-002
14 3 . 304589e-006 2 . 77 6 4 9 8 e - 0 0 6 9 . 749376e-005 -2 .9 7 3 2 66e-002
15 3 . 675776e-006 4 . 478047e-006 1 . 091071e-004 - 3 . 175330e-002
16 3 . 773808e-006 2 . 884849e-006 1 . 223568e-004 - 3 . 028136e-002
17 3 .43 3 694e-006 3 . 237571e-006 1 . 140193e-004 -2 . 612284e-002
18 2 . 811634e-006 1 . 542582e-006 1 . 019865e-004 - 1 . 920680e-002
19 1 . 871907e-006 1. 0 3 5 8 2 6 e -0 0 6 7 . 419301e-005 - 1 . 055539e-002
20 7 . 820400e-007 - 6 . 050694e-007 4 . 359287e-005 -7 . 662515e-004
21 - 4 . 100735e-007 2 . 056210e-006 5 . 299422e-006 5 . 589628e-004
4-131
Approach #1 (Fig. 4.36) Approach #2 Fig. 4.36)
Approach #3 (Fig. 4.36) Approach #4 (Fig. 4.36)
( u n J) %
\
%P r o g r a m 5. m
%Response o f a s i n g l e D .O .F .y s te m under a r b i t r a r y forcin g function
% ú s i n g th e methods o f s e c t i o n 4 . 8
% Run " P r o g r a m 5 " i n MA.TLAB command w i n d o w . P r o g r a m 5 . m s h o u l d b e i n o n e

% f o l d e r , and s e t t h e p a t h t o t h i s f o l d e r
xai= 0 . 1 ;
omn=5;
xk=50;
d elt= 0 .1 ;
n p=ll;
npl=1 0 ;
np2=9;
%np = n u m b e r o f p o i n t s a t w h i c h v a l u é o f f i s k n o wn , n p l = n p - l , n p 2 =n p - 2
xn=xai*omn;
pd=om n *sqrt(l-xai^ 2 ) ;
% s o l u t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o m e t h o d l (using step variation with larger valué, Approach 1)
t {1 ) =0;
f o r i = 2 :np
t (i ) = t (i - 1 ) + d e l t ;
end
4-132
f = [ 0 .0 - 8 .0 -1 2 .0 -1 5 .0 -1 3 .0 -1 1 .0 - 7 .0 - 4 .0 3 .0 10.0 1 5 .0 ];
f f = [ - 8 . 0 - 1 0 .0 - 1 3 .5 - 1 4 .0 - 1 2 .0 - 9 . 0 - 5 . 5 - 0 . 5 6.5 12.5 1 6 . 5 ] ;
for i= l:n p l
d e l f ( i ) = f (i + 1 ) - f ( i ) ;
end
■
0.4
0.4
0.2
0 £ 0.2
■XO
- 0.2 ^ 0
-0.4
- 0.2
- 0.6
- 0.8
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
t t
-2
0.5 1 1.5 2.5
t
R esults o f Ex4_93
» proaram5
V alué Approach #1 Approach #2 Approach #3 Approach #4
of (Fig. 4.36) (Fig. 4.36) (Fig. 4.36) (Fig. 4.36)
I x(i) x(i) x(i) x(i)
2 - 1 . 895258e-002 - 2 . 842886e-002 - 2 . 369072e-002 - 2 . 216415e-002

3 -7.844079e-002 - 1 . 1 0 5 5 4 0 e - 001 - 9 . 449737e-002 - 9 . 232748e-002
4 - 1 . 7 7 0 1 7 2 e - 001 - 2 . 242651e-001 - 2 . 006411e-001 -2 . 003034e-001
5 -2 . 901286e-001 - 3 . 307430e-001 - 3 . 104358e-001 -3 . 118343e-001
6 -3 . 807183e-001 - 3 . 918096e-001 -3 . 862639e-001 - 3 . 896705e-001
7 - 4 . 157648e-001 - 3 . 812882e-001 -3 . 985265e-001 - 4 . 025740e-Q01
8 -3 . 761180e-001 - 2 . 849867e-001 -3 . 305524e-001 -3 . 357629e-001
9 -2 . 546674e-001 - 1 . 008869e-001 - 1 . 777772e-001 - 1 . 828250e-001
10 -.5 . 4 8 7 5 9 5 e - 0 0 2 1 . 476431e-001 4 . 638356e-002 4 . 342363e-002
11 1 . 971323e-001 4 . 198656e-001 3 . 061299e-001 2 . 920608e-001
1 x d (i ) xd (i) xd(i) xd (i)
2 - 7 .263201e-002 - 1 . 0 8 9 4 8 0 e -0 0 1 - 4 . 5 6 2 3 7 0 e -0 0 1 - 4 . 5 9 7 5 2 5 e -0 0 1
4-133
3 - 1 . 577455e-001 -2 . 093812e-001 -9 . 224406e-001 - 9 . 313379e-001
4 - 2 . 252429e-001 -2 . 333148e-001 - 1 . 152170e+000 - 1 . 162393e+000
5 - 2 . 156793e-001 - 1 . 824523e-001 - 1 . 000343e+000 - 1 . 007436e+000
6 - 1 . 3 86163e-001 -5 . 7 60411e-002 - 4 . 930222e-001 - 4 . 919218e-001
7 - 2 . 742288e-004 9 . 602153e-002 2 . 405741e-001 2 . 518514e-001
8 1 . 522037e-001 2 . 7 62085e-001 1 . 0 7 642 6 e + 0 0 0 1 . 100724e+000
9 3 . 182622e-001 4 .3 84471e-001 1 . 901304e+000 1 . 938544e+000
10 4 . 579186e-001 5 . 284869e-001 2 . 478437e+000 2 . 523778e+000
11 5 . 229886e-001 5 . 322201e-001 2 . 605688e+000 2 . 224476e+000
xO = [ O .O ; 0 . 0 ] ;
[ t , x ] = o d e 2 3 ( ' d f un c4 , _ 9 4 : ' , t s p a n , xO) ;
d isp(' t x(t) x d (t ) ' );
d i s p ( [t x] ) ;
p lo t(t,x ( :,!) ) ;
x la b e l( 't ');
gtext('x (t )');
:% d f u n c ; 4 _ 9 4 . m
f u n c t i o n f = d f u n c - 4 94 ( t , x )
F = 200*t - 2 0 0 * t* s t e p fu n (t , 0 . 1 ) . . .
+ 2 0 * s te p fu n (t, 0 . 1 ) -2 0 * s t e p fu n (t , 0 :2 5 );
f = z e r o s (2 , 1 ) ;
f (1 ) = x (2) ;
f (2) = F / 2 - 1500 * x ( 1 ) / 2 ;
R esults of Ex4_94 :
» Ex4 94.m
t x(t) x d (t )
0 0 0
0.0100 0.0 000 0.0050
0.0200 0.0001 0.0195
0.0300 0.0004 0.0425
0.0400 0.0010 0.0723
0.0500 0.0019 0.1067
0.0600 0.0031 0.1430
0.4100 0 .0 0 43 0.2352
0.4200 0.0064 0.1949
0.4300 0.0081 0.1400
0.4400 0.0 0 92 0.0748
0.4500 0.0 0 96 0.0039
0.4600 0 .0 0 93 -0.0671
0.4700 0.0083 -0.1332
0.4800 0.0066 -0.1893
0.4900 0.0045 -0.2313
0.5000 0.0021 -0.2560
4-134
©
'% Ex4_95.m
% T h is program w i l l u se the f u n c t i o n d f u n c 4_95.m , they should
% be in t h e same f o l d e r
tspan = [0: 0 .01 : 0 .5 ] ;
xO = [ 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ] ;
[t , x ] = ode23 ( ' dfunc4_95 t s p a n , xO) ;
d i s p (' t x(t) x d (t) ') ;
d i s p ( [t x ] );
p lo t(t,x ( :, 1) ) ;
xla b el('t ');
gtext('x ( t)');
% dfunc 4_95.m
function f = dfunc'4_95(^'x)
F = 2 0 0 * t - 200* t * s t e p f u n (t , 0 . 1 ) . . .
+2 0 * s t e p f u n ( t , 0 . 1 ) - 2 0 * s t e p f u n ( t , 0 . 2 5 ) ;
f = z e r o s (2 , 1 ) ;
f (1 ) = x ( 2 );
f ( 2 ) = F/2 - 10 * x ( 2 ) / 2 - 1500 * x ( l } / 2 ;
4-135
R e s u l t s o f Ex 4 _9 5
**********************************
» Ex4_95
t x (t) x d (t)
0 0 0
0 .0 1 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 4 9
0 .0 2 0 0 0 .0 0 0 1 0 .0 1 8 9
0 .0 3 0 0 0 .0 0 0 4 0 .0 4 0 5
0 .0 4 0 0 0 .0 0 1 Ó 0 .0 6 7 8
0 .0 5 0 0 0 .0 0 1 8 0 .0 9 8 6
0 .0 6 0 0 0 .0 0 2 9 0 .1 3 0 3
0 .0 7 0 0 0 .0 0 4 4 0 .1 6 0 8
0 .0 8 0 0 0 .0 0 6 1 0 .1 8 7 7
0 .0 9 0 0 0 .0 0 8 1 0 .2 0 9 3
0 .1 0 0 0 0 .0 1 0 3 0 .2 2 4 4
0 .4 1 0 0 -0 .0 0 0 0 0 .1 9 6 2
0 .4 2 0 0 0 .0 0 1 9 0 .1 7 9 7
0 .4 3 0 0 0 .0 0 3 5 0 .1 5 1 0
0 .4 4 0 0 0 .0 0 4 9 0 .1 1 2 7
0 .4 5 0 0 0 .0 0 5 8 0 .0 6 8 0
0 .4 6 0 0 0 .0 0 6 2 0 .0 2 0 6
0 .4 7 0 0 0 .0 0 6 2 -0 .0 2 5 9
0 .4 8 0 0 0 .0 0 5 7 -0 .0 6 8 3
0 .4 9 0 0 0 .0 0 4 8 -0 .1 0 3 7
0 .5 0 0 0 0 .0 0 3 7 -0 .1 2 9 8
4 -1 3 6
x (i^ ^ JoV * ) e T i3 " C t' r ) *■ « „ ( * - * > *
Bu¿ Sin O j f t - * ) ® Sin C3¿t C¿5S C4,T - eos Wj-t Sin 09jt*
_ 7 C9n t
*(*)* [ A ( « - Sin M j t - 3tt>- c=S « j * } £ _ _ _ _ _
where ^
A (t)= f bF M e™ " c ^ c jjr .J r
0
B C t)= A f W e T“ " r sí" ^ -d ir

O
Lefc F (^ ) he F o t ó n o s o fie c e w is e lin e a r ¿ u n c ifo n

olu rin ^ ( os
F C ? )=
4 -1 3 7
W s c a n w rt*te £ . r
cns 0 5 ^^
A ( t o = A C t ^ .) + AFi) e
rt « /- _ * . * Ü \ e T t# *, T w u ,r ■ <«■=
+ J (F ¿ ., - *«-i AtJ e J
t <-» »cr.
where
p = |+‘ r e 7tJ” r “ s
p, = /* * ' e 7 tJ rT «
t“ ' f t .v \ „ , . .r
,(* )- 3 C W ^ J ^ . ^ e Sm " j r -
+ £ ( ^ - C § ) * r * , W - t e
= « (*«■-,) + ^ p4 + ( F j - , - * i - . f’
W lie r e t; y t^ r
P,
p+ = J*‘ r e ^ " r c a ^ -á r
t¿ - \
A s s u m í n ^ A("fc, = o ) = B f t , = o") = o ,
* ( M = e r f \ ( í Á- ) ?ín C J jt ,' - 3 ( i ¿ ) COS C J j i f ]
vn 63j
The ir.te3ro.Ls in Pi, Pe, h U Cct" evalua-Led m elosed

£orm •
T h e C om p u ter program cure? output <xre given.
n o
PROBLEN 4.96
o o n m
NIIMt-.niCÁL INTEGPATIUN ÜF DUHAMEL 1NTEGRAL
PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
DIMENSION F ( 2 1 )/ X ( 2 1 ) , D E L T Í2 1 J/ T ( 2 1 ) , A (2 1 > ,B (2 1 )
NP=21
XAI=0. 1
OMN=1 . O
4 -1 3 8
XM= 1. O
DATA F / i . O.* . 3436.• . 6 9 1 0 .• . 5460• . 4 í 32.• . 2939: . í 9 1 0 . 1090,
2 . 0 4 8 9 4 , . 01231.- . O, . O: . O.- . O.- . O.- . 0, . O, . 0, . 0, . O: . 0 /
DO 10 1= 1 ,2 1
10 D E L T ( I ) = 0 . 31416
C END u F F R O B L E rf—D EFEND EN T DATA
A ( 1 )= 0 . O
B (1 ) = 0 . O
□MD=OMN*SGRTí 1. 0 - X A I * * 2 J
T ( 1 ) =0. O
DO 2 0 1=2, NP
T ( I ) = T ( I —1 ) + D E L T ( I )
T IM E = T C I )
C A L L P I 1 ( T IM E , X A I: OMN, OMD, PP1>
C A L L P 1 2 ( T IM E , XAI.-OMN: OMD, P P 2 )
C A L L P I 3 Í T I M E , X A I, 0MN, OMD, P P 3 ?
C A L L P 14 ( T IM E : X A I: OMN, OMD, P P 4 ?
T IM E = T (I- 1 )
C A L L P I 1 ( T IM E , X A I, OMN, OMD, PM1 )
C A L L P 1 2 í T I M E , X A I , OMN, OMD, PM 2 )
C A L L F 1 3 ( T IM E , X A I, OMN, OMD, FM3>
C A L L P I4 C T IM E , X A I, OMN, OMD, PM 4)
P 1 = P P 1—PM1
P2 = P P 2 - P M 2
P 3 = P P 3 —PM3
P4= PP4-PM 4
D E L F = F ( I ) —F ( I -1 í
A ( I )= A ( I - 1 ) + ( D E L F / D E L T ( I ) ) * P 1 + ( F ( 1 - 1 > - T (1 - 1 ) * D E L F / D E L T ( I >) * P 2
B ( I ) = B(1 - 1 )+ (D ELF/D ELT ( I ) ) * P 4 + (F ( 1 -1 ) - T ( 1 -1 )* D E L F / D E L T (I) )* P 3
X C I> = ( E X P (- X A I* Q M N * T < I) >/(XM*GMD>> * ( A ( I ) * S I N ( O M D * T í I >>-
2 B ( I ) * C O S ( O M D * T ( I > ))
20 C O N T IN U E
P R I N T 30
30 FORM AT < / / , 2 X :4 1 H N U M ER IC A L E V A L U A T IO N OF DUHAMEL IN T E G R A L ,
2 / / , 5X, 2H I , Ó X : 5 H T ( I ) , 1 0 X , 5H F ( I > , 1 0 X , 5 H X ,/ >
DO 4 0 1=2, NP
40 P R I N T 50, I , T ( I ) , F ( I ) , X ( I )
50 FORM AT ( 2 X, 15, 3 E 1 5. 8 )
ST O P
END
a
n
S U B R O U T IN E P I 1
o
o
o
S U B R O U T IN E P I 1 ( T, X A I , OMN, OMD, P )
DEN= ( XA I *OMN) **2 + 0 M D **2
P = <T * E X P ( X A I* Q M N * T ) / D E N / * ( XAI *O M N *C Q S( G M D *T ) + O M D * SIN ( 0MD*T >>
2 - <E X P ( X A I *O M N *T ) / ( D E N * * 2 > > * ( ( ( X A I *OMN >- **2 - 0 H D **2 >* C O S ( OM D*T)
3 +2. 0 * X A I* 0 M N * 0 M D * S IN (0 M D * T > )
R ET U R N
END
4 -1 3 9
c
C SU BRO U TIN E P I 2
C
C = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = --= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = := = ; =
SUBROUT IN E F I 2 (T , X A I, CríN, OMB.. P )
DEN=< XA I*0 M N )**2 + 0 M D **2
P= * E X P ( X A I *OMN*T >/ DEN >«■<X A I *OfiN*GOS íÜMD*T >+GnD*S1N i OMD*T) )
RETURN
END
C ===========================================^====================: =
C
C
C
SU BR O U TIN E P I 3 ( T, X A I, OMN, OMD/ P )
DEN=<XA I*O M N ) **2+ÜMD**2
P= (E X P ( X A I*O M N *T ) /D EN ) ■*í X A I# O íiN # SIN (O M D *T >-OMD-fc-CQSí OMD#T) )
RETURN
END
C ================================================================- •
C
C
C = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =.=====7== = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = :
SUE R O U TIN E P 14 ( T , XA I , OMN, O M D P )
DEN=( X A I*G M N ) **2+0M D**2
P= í T * E X P ( XA I *GHN*T >/DEN ? * <XA I*O M N*S IN ( OMB*T ) -OMD*COS <GMD*T >5
2 - < E X P C X A I* G M N * T )/ (D E N * * 2 > >*< í< X A I* 0 M N )* * 2 - G H D * * 2 )* S IN (0 H D * T )
3 -2. O*XAI*OMN*GMD*CGS<0nD*T>)
RETURN
END
N U nER IC A L EVALUATIO N ÜF DUHAMEL INTEGRAL
1 T(I ) F(I ) X(I)
2 O. 31 41 5999E+0Q O. 84359998E+00 0. 45415938E-Q1

3 O. 62831998E+00 O.69099998E+00 O. 1637774IE+ 00
4 O. 94247997E+Q0 O. 54600Q0QE+C0 O. 32499743E+00
5 O. 12566404E+01 O. 41219997E+00 O. 49747676E+00
6 O. 157Q8008E+Q1 O.2929G003E+00 O. 65152758E+00
7 0. 18849611E+Q1 O. 19099998E+00 O. 76239210E+Q0
8 O. 21991215E+01 O. 10900003E+00 O. 8I25Ó396E+00
9 O. 25132S1SE+01 O. 4S939999E-01 0. 7932419SE+00
10 O. 2B274422E+01 O. 12309998E-01 O. 70482814E+00
11 O. 31416025E+Q1 O.OQOGOOOOE+CO O. 55646867E+00
12 O. 34557629E+01 O. OOOOOOOOE+OO O. 36454141E+00
13 O. 37699232E+01 O.OOOOOOOOE+OO O. 14971566E+00
14 O. 4G84GS36E+G1 O.OOOOOOOOE+OO—O. 66231847E-01
15 O. 43982439E+01 O. OOOOOOOOE+OO-O. 26274461E+00
17 O. 50265646E+01 O.OOOOOOOOE+OO-O. 53218621E+00
18 O. 53407249E+01 O. QOQGGGOCE+QQ-Q. 58483124E+00
20 O. 5969G456E+01 O.OOOOOOOOE+OO-O. 51819199E+00
4 -1 4 0
©
ThB C o m p u t e r p r o 3 TG.vn cf p r o b le m 4 .9 6 ca n be u sed Xa f i n d tln e
r e lo jb iY e . d is p le c c e m e n t ^ (t) -£Ae w cot& r ta-nK p r o v íd e d — m %■('?')
is ased m p /c .Ce of F f 'r ) .
H ere T = o , = 2 2 * 3 éoV ra J/ s e c a.nd
= -ío o o o * 9*Bf x ‘i7 £ *s ,n ^ s ’

T¿>e ¡¡roblen,- depende nt duécu fo r i/>c frojrc Lm 9f pro ble.m
. 4.96' <3-r>c{ -tAe o u tjsu t cure ^ ív e n be.íow<
C ===============================================================
C
C PRGBLEM 4.97
C
c ================================================================
C PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
D IM EN SIO N F U S ) , X ( 1 5 ) , D E L T ( 1 5 ) , T C 1 5 ) , A U 5 ) , B ( 1 5 )
NP=15
XA 1=0. O
0MN=22. 3607
XM=10000. 0
DATA F /. 0, . 45, 8, -. 9, -. 6, 75, 7, . 55, 1. 75, 1. 65, . 25,
2 - 1 .1 , -1. 4, -1. 05, . 0/
DO 10 1=1, 15
ÍO DELT í I ) =0. 025
DO 11 1=1, 15
11 F (I)= - X M * 9 . 8 1 * F ( I )
C END OF PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
N UM ERICAL EVALUATIQN OF DUHAMEL INTEGRAL
1 T<I ) F (I ) X(I)
2 0 . 24999999E-01-0. 4 4 1 44996E+ 05-0.45271125E-03

3 0 . 49999997E-01 0. 78480000E+05-0. 17453337E-02
4 0 . 74999988E-01 0. 88290000E+05 0. 11150776E-02
5 O. 99999964E-01 0. 58860004E+05 0 .8 6 0 9 5 147E-02
ó 0. 12499994E+00 0. 73575000E+05 0. 17519452E-01
7 0. 14999992E+00 0. 68670000E+05 0 . 2537436BE-01
8 0. 17499989E+00-0. 53955000E+05 0 . 2B47S131E-01
9 0. 19999987E+00-0. 17167500E+06 0. 19676924E-01
10 0. 22499985E+00-0. 16186494E+06-0.426G1228E-02
11 0 . 24999982E+00-0. 24525000E+ 05-0.35448216E-01
12 0 . 27499980E+00 0. 10791006E+06-0. 57387743E-Q1
13 0 . 29999977E+00 0. 137340Q0E+06-0. 56341648E-Q1
14 0 . 32499975E+00 0. 103G0506E+06-0. 30433871E-01
15 0 . 34999973E+00 0. 00000000E+00 0. 10307007E-01
4 -1 4 1
TÍve f? r o ¿ L e m - d e p e n d e n í d a . t a ^-fco b e a sed Fn tf»e p rogrem o f T r o tle m
496) cLnJ oaipu-b are given.
C Pl*0 RLFIM-DEPENDEN T DATA

DI MENRTUN F ( 10 ) , X( 3<>1 JIF.LTOO ) , T 1 3 0 ) , A ( 3 0 ) , 6 ( 3 0 )
NP= 10
XA1= 0 . 0
UMWs8.6b07.5 4
XM*2 .0
DATA F /bO.O ,b 0 .0 ,b 0 . U, 6 0 . 0 , 6 0 . 0 , 100.0 , 100.0, 10Ü.0 , 100 . 0 , 100. 0,
¿ .1ü . 0 , 3 0 . 0, 3 0 . 0 , JO.0 , 3 0 . 0 ,3 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 ,
J 0 ,0 ,0 .0 ,0 .0 ,0 . 0 ,0 .n,0.0/
nrj i o i = l , 3 0
10 HEliTC 1)30.01
c l-.ND UF P ROBLE'l-DEPEUDANl DATA
NUMER1CAL EVALUAT1UN HF DUHAMEL TNTEÜRAL
1 1( 1) F_U_1_______________X_(_1)__
2 0.99999998E-02 O. 60000000E+02 0.14990796E-02

3 0.20000000E-01 0.600000OOE+02 0 . 59849964E-02
4 0 . 29999999F.-0 l 0 . b0000000E +02 0 . 13424230E-01
5 0.39999999K-01 0 . bOOOOOOOE+02 0 . 23760952E-01
6 0.50000001. E" 01 0. 10000000F.+03 0 . 37 2507 35E-0 1
7 0.6 0000O02E“ 01 0 . 1 QOOÜOOOE*03 0 .5 5 1 25091E-01
tí 0.70000000E-01 o. 10000000E+03 0 .775831 94FX) 1
9 0 . 7999999RE-U1 0 .1 OOOOOOOF. +03 0 . 1 0 4 45669K+00
10 0.B9999996E-01 O. 10000000E +03 0 . 1355 4408F.+ 00
11 0.99999994E-01 o . 30000000K+02 0 . 17002963E+00
12 o . 10999999EHH» U. 300UO000E+02 0 . 20532255E+00
13 0 . 1 1 999999E+00 O. 3000000OE +02 O. 2405755BE+00
14 0 . n000rt00E+00 0 . 30000000Ef02 0.27552453E+00
15 0 . 1 4GO0Q0OE+OO 0 . 300l)000()E +02 0.30990744E+0Ü
16 0. 1500000JE +00 0.30000000E+02 0 . 34346649E+00
17 0.16000001F+0Q 0 . OOOOOOOOF. +OO 0 . 37570029E +00
IB 0. 17000002E+QO 0 . OOOOOUOOE +OO 0 . 405368U3E+00
19 0 . 18000002E+00 0 . OOOOOOOOE+OO 0 . 13199742.E+00
20 0 . 1 9000003E+00 0 . OOOOOOOOE +OO 0.45538884E+00
21 0.20000003E+00 O. OOOOOOOOE+OO 0 . 47536695E+00
22 0.21000004E+00 O. OOOOOOOOE+OO O.49178207E+00
23 O,220OO004E+00 0 . OOOOOOOOE+OO 0.50451112E+00
24 0.23000005E+00 O. OOOOOOOOE+OO 0 . 5 l 345861E+00
25 O■2 4OOüOO5E+OO l).OOOOOOOOE +OO O. 518 557 67E +00
26 O. 2 5 OOüOO6E+0 O 0 . OOOOOOOOE +OO 0 .51976985E +00
27 0.2 60 0OU05L+00 0 . OOOOOOOOE+OO O. 517QR63JE+OO
28 O. 27000004E +00 O. OOOOOOOOE +OO O. 5 1 052707E+00
29 0.28000003EtOO 0 . OOOOOOOOE+OO O.50014120E+00
30 0.29000002E +00 O. OOOOOOOOE+OO O. 4H60U671E+00
4 -1 4 2
( í) F in d n c L Íu r a l f r e ^ u e n cy.
¿31 = m h2 - 3 rn o
f fct = x f c (a ,9 f 92-
= J - * o? < ^
03 = -k a í _ 1
ri í. — -=- ra-c
\J 1 Yr\ CL
= ITT ( lo ) = 2.0 7T
rec f £í )
1i) F¡Vid e ^ u a F io n oj -1 mctCon -
whem Fhe ha.se and
■¿ence FAe pfvoF O <’r
dí‘r£>/caaed ty ¿*(F),
Fhe diVplaceme*vfc oj^
m a r* m , x f-fc ), ir
^ iVe n by
9 C (F ) = J F ( F ) -f- i . & ( b ) fe)
RejaFiye cit’s plca-cemertt oj? ma,?í ir
H *)= x ( F ) - * f t ) = h s (F ) fe)
Eg u ciFr ion aj? m oFi'on:

^ F ó rc e s oJbmy y . ( v e r b ic a J ) d ir e .c i:io r \ ~ O ^ F^. ~ te d/ 9 = m ■se (e ^
CJ
<E), Momenbs a-hout P =0 ^ ^" ^ca/ £ (b - «■)=<=(e?)

SoLve. (E4) -for Fy and su.b sbC-buée. Fhe resu.íb m ('E*'):
(-£ a» 0 + vn -x ) h — /fc a 9 ( b - aF) = O
í'-e., mí x -h Q icct —O CEé)
BuF: x = > + ^ and ©(t) = ■— > ( F )
H en ee ( hecom es
rnh ^ -4-
* + ^~T~~ cT — — Vri h
E# •C E 7 ) c a n he co m p a re c í w iFh ai/ sFo-y-udarc£ j-p rce cí vfh ra-Fi'on

C^ts-aJrc'on ;j~or can u n Jczm ^ e d sys"hem :
4 -1 4 3
E * + t x ■= £ W ( Es )
Com jocurtSort (^ 7) <

2-n d C^8^) s hows tb a t
x = B" > £ = 171 > * = ^ «J F = - mn ¿ (E s)
(ií¡) F>‘n d S o iu t íO Y l^
S o lu tio n o f U.nder a. re c ta - riy uda-r p u lse is jw e n
in |diro'blem 4 -20' Henee. "the S'olu.t't'on-o^" ^ ro b lem 4 - *¿0 Cca-n
he use 4 to j-m<d ^he re lc z d riv e ¿Ais (d o -e e m e n .fc.
0 i/0 D e s i^ n :
Eg • ( E j ) jiv e S JT T = 60 7T v/rñ" or * = 3*£ o o TT2" Tr? C£io)
Fo llo U /m y p ro ce d u re ca-n be use.d to S o lve -thejoro t i em ',
<X>t A s í Lim e Qj V qJL u j L c¡ ^ CU ■
h. A s íu .m e a, S m a lL V a lu é 0/ m-
c. F tr id k ;frorr) E g . ( E (0) .
d. E Va.iu.acbe th e Solubt'on n u m e r í c c t U y cuso u b lin e d \n p a r t ( j ü ) .

e. F f rn¿i_xim um re la t í v e c it e p\acem e.nb is tb a n or
G-gixfiJ.fe 0»02 rn , th e d e S ijn f í c o m p le t e *
$• O t k e r w i s e , in c r e a s e the v a iu e m a n d c jo to s te .p c .
Jh X f nece-rr cxry c Han je tke. Vaiue of cu ¡n st&p cu.
Let 'k a.nc( w d e n o te th e e ^ u iv a ie n t s h if f n e s s and. m ass of

bhe c u - ttin j fe a d -
E ju c u t ia n of m o t io n is ■
. rn x -+- le c<- = ¡- ( t ) CÔ
w h e re F (t) is g ív e n
Figs. 4.75(a) and 4.75(b)..
S o lu tt ’or) o f Efí ■ ( E , ) u n d e r t h e fo rc é J i v e n by Figs. 4.75(a)
ca,n te o b ta in e d a s in problem 4 .2 2 . S o lu t ia n o f (’ E , ' ) u n d e r
th e fo rc é o f F iy . (4.75(b)( 1 can be d e t e r m in e d u .s in j
p ro C e d u re S im ila r to th o c t o f p r o b le m - 4 .2 5 ,
The v a lu .e s of -k and m. can. t e d e - te r m in e d a s f o l l o v s j
’ 4 í í u n ie ^ Sm aLL v a U ce . fo r m •
t - A SSum e o- S m a ií v a iu e fo r -R .
c. E v a lu a s t e th e re sp o n se under F (t^ ) jlv e n by Fig. 4.75(a) .
4 -1 4 4
á. E v cotu -cu ie th e response under F fO jlven b y Fig. (4.75(b).
€• £ -f ~the r e s p o n s e s m si<¿.ps c a-rd Á core copprox.imcoirr.lj

QqllcoL to o> 1 mm con.d o-oS rnm ¿ t h e curren-t
Veo L ú e s of m cLYíd. te core ik e Á e s ¡ r e .c f v e o iu e s .
f- O Ih eriA/ize, in c r e m e a i ike Y cotu e o f rn cL-nd/or 1c

cxJ T L d < yc> t a s te ^ p
Model the system as a single d.o.f. torsional system with:
J0 = 0 . 1 N—m 2 ; ct = 0 (no damping assumed) ;
kt = (80 ( 10 9)) ¿ (d í-d f)

e 0.25
where d 0 = outer diameter of shaft, and d¡ = inner diameter.

kt = 62.832 (109) (d^ - d í) (1)
Torque acting on the arbor due to breakage o f one tooth can be modeled as shown in
figure.
C u iier
M. A rto r
M feo
,js r i r
o-25 m- (é c
■0*5 m-
2 7T 2 7r
Mto = 500 N-m, r = ——-----r- 7— = 60/N = 60/1000 = 0.06 sec where N =
üj N (2 t t )/6 0 ‘ ‘
speed o f cutter = 1000 rpm. Express M t(t) in Fourier series:
ao co
Mt(t) f- a^ cos n oj t + b n sin n c j t (2)
2 a -l
2 7T N
(see solution of Problem 4.6 for procedure). where oj = == 104.72 rad/sec.
60
Equation o f motion:
Jo 9 .+ kt 9 = Mt(t) (3)
where M t(t) is given by Eq. (2). Find solution o f Eq. (3) and determine the máximum
valué o f 9, #max. This valué must be less than Io .
Note:
The solution requires an iterative procedure. Assume valúes for d¡ and d0. Compute kt,
find solution o f 9(t), and the valué o f 0max. If #max exceeds I o, choose a different set of
valúes for d¡ and d 0 and continué the process until 9max comes out to be less than I o.
4 -1 4 5
Chapíer 5
Two Degree of Freedom Systems
©
\ rh ju i bvdy •m t
cí^-
T T
m a J A tJ í
*^2. ( X t ~ X 0
V»i| cxmÂ r r ¡2 :
A
* , c* ), « . ( a
rn ©
t ¿ V Í A , / ( A
3- í
/v i * 4 ¿ & £ í —
baÁ£-
E ^ L A .c ix £ r w 5 cr ^ . m f t f i 'o n (uSiV g f\ J e u y ^ o n 's _ £ e jz jr n A H oM r cr^ .
rr\<5 *lri'oyj) :
Ftfr rr u a ^ í •
<' 2 ( 7 í ,2 - ^ 5í i ')-{- je ^ x 2
° — ^~1~) — ^ CO
5-1
For mnl :
¿ i + C, (■*, ( * i - ¿O - C2 ( * z -
- ^2 ( * X - * 0 =■ O f 2 *)
0 ) 0^ c( ( z ") r f i W f í i r t e Y> q J>
4- * i ( c l + C0 - c 2. -+• * , ( l 
Yn i o c |-f- c z - c 2. *i
[ O m 2. I *2 —d o do
9
Tt-r
K i-t - k 2 - ^ 2. n
4*
- 1< x CO
o
5 -2
©
Fr ee Lo c^‘(xÂ<v«rv^
E g ^ u jx il c n r v * (T^ Y n o F 'o ^ (ju M n J j N e u ifé y y 's A e,C J > y -J i L c U tf) :
Fo ir cU¿k ¡Tj .*
^ © . - * F z O z ^ O + * * i ° ' * °
Fo r d¿&K 3 2 :
j 2 e z _ c t4 ©z + fei2 ( e * - * i > = 0 (i) C2 )
EgyLxxajCóvv^ CO c ^ -A (jo^no be ín
Ipfxatex^. ^©l/vn d^>
¿r, O
•fcl •+ ^ - ¿ 2 ~ ^ iz
+
O J„
_ 1<
¿2
4c
i2
O Jl
i-
CO
°
0 - C ÍZ
5 -3
s r O *Y1£
Y»! .
P lS S U Y Y i'e n i, m h~ L — 1
■fc¿ Le J?o irxf- Y r& M t* '
i Je O c - G.
a j t £e£ A^VL^ A- ^
fí A j O x ^-. n 0Á
o fr / , (^ W .
YV\ i X. = (O X ,) m = ; 2. ™ 2-
OV
x .=
(L- l rn 2. o ;
p / l ^ t L)(T& j jL h s -^ ~ L ^ tyn :
£ ^ j^ a J u e m A cf^ m aiiOYt:
Q n n ,+ =
2-f< ( * + £ ,¿) ~ z * ( * - l í. e ' ) O )
2 Je ( a —
h e ' ) - Hz - z * fx-f ] ? , © ) _ «
co
Zjíi&hJZ,
5 -4
^ to Ía Á 0
J0 _ ^ fi* + „ , ! , ' ) ¡~ < k t* Í Z > 4 m cm e v ^ 4
tW ^ G * 4 tfcc A^VG ^- .
£ ^ ,S • ( O ¿ W -d (2 0 CO^v% be q jv jj¿ s n t\r> Y Y lD -te ^ X -§-¿>srrs a -¿
( w ,-f
0
>nfc)
( O
0
í J2 + t” 2 & 2 "X
Ir.
(
z' ««
9
r
-
r -f-
¿f \<
Í2 4 C Í , -
/( 2 k
2 ^
í
/
1-
2):
2 4c
^ nw
(2 V l i ■+ 2 * 1
c o
W U * „ ,-, 50 *3 , » ,= 2 0 0 K3 , .* = lO O C M /^ — í 1 = 1 tn ,
E g .( i) 3 .'ve s
4 = (¿- M ÜS ^
5o
oy j¡, - 0 '8 n a ; í z - 0 ' 2- m
£^ . ( O k < ^ :
4 000 \2Q o 0
¿SO 0
CO
\ZO o K%&0 O
o 40 0
QA^V-rf^ Y^ j b a J lstr^ Y ^ C /> OI uC Iom S
x (t) - X c*< ( & t + ¡¿ )

CO
& ( i ) - @ ^ c ^ * + ? 9
5-5
Eg . ( L{ } cxurs CLS
ZSo Cd O X '4 O oo I ZO o
o - 4 06? •+
120 o I 3 Go
«*€
(4- 00 O - 2 5 o 69 ) iz o O
Cv)
2.
_ ¡2 0 0 [ í S é o - 4 ° ^ y
For C
2- *%Ov»*hri Vi'aA ^clu.^lor\ of¡- X «a-'vv-ei @ ? f f c
^ x J i^ n x r tr r ^ C & r^ A j& C C r' 1% ^ \^_ A jZ ^ ¿ Z ^ l s ¿ _ d
¿fO O G - 2*50 69 1200
C O
/20 o l*>6 o - 4 ^ ce
E g .^ S " ) q ^ j^ tL c r n n j5 Í x ¿ c h C a jy x ¿re
£X/$ .“
C0#° l ^ - o. sr 09 -f 4) ;oe ~ O
ÜY
o*o|, 69^ - 0.5 092 -f 4 - o co
T^ e ro of £ o f Eg, •(9 } ¿sJtx
2 ■f o - S ± \/ 0 . 2 5 - o* (£ o . 5 ¿ o » 3
09 r
- . lo j 4o
Q .02 o* o 2
5 -6
Tu «a crjj- v ; t ¿ r £ tfe
O JU -
Ctf,~ v ir ó " = 3 . ( 6 22 X *A / a
G**~ v Í 4 £> = 6 *3 2 ¿ (5 r o ^ //5
5 -7
£ o ,) *t ' 0 jr ^ Q :
E<^jjjCL§¿crft Cf^ rr^ X (T ^ QT^ ’f t ' e j p í S 't o Y i í
yt?, x , -j- ('Ui-f- 1c¿"} x , — P ¿ t o © - o OO
&<j>jjd2$J.crr\ c/^ vno'Pí'ovn 0(f fíje |>en<íulum ¿>ot> ;
F oy tfce áUpruxsvYU c G ^ c i U L r t 'u v ^ o / ffc e . bok ^ 'h a J ¿-«-
rn,<smeviFr oJoétU'F' 'tfce ^ T\/o+" pofvxF :
M2. 1?2 © - m 2 <j l S\Y\e -O 0 0
/\$ 2um¡r\j ¿ s rrv iM <^tÛá Q p <u?_ Ctxo-* ^ vJo^ 11i u te^
/Sm 0 o¿ 0-
P = m2 ^ CcíS O ~ V7i2 ^
*n Egs. (^12') 0 ^ 4 (13) fe obteuYi #Te eÛO-honS crf rnoFor»
V"i *1 •+ (1C|-+ * 0 *1 - ™2 ? 0 = o Q«f ">
VT)2 í Q — £ © zz. o O O
( b ) Using rt) ^2 ■
^(^ jju oiZ cn r, cf^ m ohovi a¿£ "Hre. J íjís F o y ):
Yri| % | -f (i c t -t \ c ¿ ) * i — P A ’M = © ^ ^
£ .^ xj¡J jC ¿n n cr^ v n jrtZ cm cf£ to - ^ • e^ cL ^ X u y rrs b& b *,
C2 )
^ 2 ^ 2 i~ P 0 = 0
5-8
1c2 X ,
Xr\ Egg « ( |) osrÁ ( l ) J Sin 0 CJXrrs be £¿L^¿AieA4<Á oJ>
X , - 7 l
A\C\ © CC Q - _ ± -----------
c o
jW JrrrvdL l O r n ^ lti Q .
For tke v & T & c d eûUtûTu^ ma^í m ¿ ;
? :~ ^2% C crí Q - yT?2 ^ (4 )
S u ts tftu tfo n of Eg *. C O GO I« Egs. 0 ) cuaJ CO
3 íve s
m , X , 4- Cî-t- * 0 ^ 1 - -
CO
m o
w * £ [ = 0
CO
5 -9
(c.) ASSuvuir^ ^\o>tvr^cnruCc ¿olu.i'i o n S OlS
* , ( * ) * X» c ^ ^ - í t ^ ) 1 ( 7 )
X * (t) ^ X 2 Co* ( e s t i r é ) J
C O o^vÂ ( ¡ £ ") t>e.O Tvn£
[ - w i . t ó 2' -+ ( k , + -k í ') + yÍ z ü L | X| - I2 * i: x z =■ o ( s )
-^ 1 X, + { _ ™z c / + ríiirj- X z C?)
f- %
By -tKe ¿iS S ^ rn X Y U xo rh cífy ik & r n a í^ X
X , X 2. , ^ o k lc u V i "tíre f r e £ ^ ^ & j£ jj¿ J x < r n g j
- m , 0 9 2' (fc ,+ 1 ¿ J .+ ü ü ij:)

A
x O 0O
i- e v
_ r > " » i u i + ^ i _ ( k,+ kz + "ü ) = o
V * * C n )
fA e ro cits o f Eg. C'O 3>ê t t e ru d ú h o J j^ /^ v w c ^ e í
V t 'b r < a J E ¿ ^ crfy "tfe A y Z 'k e .im .
5 -1 0
( 5 .5 ) Eûa-tío^S’ o f mcrtfon m, *1 + ( * ,+ * 2) x i “ ^ 2 X 2 ^
™2 * 1 + *z * 2 - Vz X ¿ = O (E1)
Witk X¿(-fe) = X¿ co?(í^-fc + 0 ) ; <:= f,2 ,E^s-(Ei) gire ¿te

fr e -ftu e n cy e ^ u a -tío n
- lS Z + k , +- k 2 - 1<2.
= o
- -ka - 0 9 2' w 2 4- k 2
or U + _ ( f c ,+ * z ki \ ^ + * i ^ - o (E z )
\ v«i rnt J "mj_ vr>2
"Roo^s of Eg. (E2 ) ojee
* , + fe2 . « 2- — 1. f *i + *2 + k2_\Z _ fct * 2

^ = Tn j w 2 (E 0
m j, m2/
(z)
If (0
- (ÍK »
(2) = r2 X (a>
(i) _ V7!1 0 9 ^ + k ,+ *2
X 2__ _
*1 = (* 4 >
- V n 2 69^ + *2.
X ( 1)
x (2) _ Yv«t Ü92 4 1<J +■ \<z *2

*2 (e O
r2 = - m 2 G32 + k2
Y (*) 1* 2.
X t
(S e n e r o -t s o lu-fc f o n o f ( ¿ t ') ,s
* i(f ) = eos ( M j t +■ ¿ i ) + X^ C o i( c á i t + ¿ z )
x 20 ) = rt c o s O it + ¿ i) + - rz x (t^ c o s ( c j2t
Ujkere , x [ 2^ , <xne) ^ ocLn t e ¡fauno) u s in g E g s .(s \ 1 8 ) .
For ™2= 2™ , k i= k cu^c) k 2= 2 k, (e 3) g ív e í
»í = (2 - / ? ) * _ , = (l-f ff )±_ (E7)
5-11
w hen U= IOOO N /m a-ne) Tn - 20 kg j
- 3 ' € ¿ 0 3 ffl^ /se c an d CS2 - 13* 660 3 ra-d /sec
36 6 0 4 , r¿= -----------,-----— = - 0.36602

- ^2 L d C +■ — m 2 69 2 + ^2
W i-th Xi ( 0 ) = 1 , X t C<?) = O , *-2 0 ) = - 1 ¿2^®^ “ ° * E5 S' ( 5 * 13)

<?íve (i) í2 n
= - O- 3 6 6 0 2 , X\ ' = - 1*3 6 6 o 3 , = O, ^ = O
■Response cf -fche sys-fcem. is
* ¿ ( t ) = - o* 3<é6 o 2 eos 3- 660 3 -fc - I* 3 6603 Cos 13- 6603 -fc
* 2 ( t ) = -0 -5 eos 3'6603 t -4*0*5 cos 13* 66 03 t
Ta-Km^ mowents about q Q-nA mcbsr t
¿i ¿i = ~ w i ( A *** 0i ) + ^ s‘° 02 ( ¿i ^ e0
- <5, cos &2 (fa Sin dL)
= - w i í j a t +. wl l í ( e l - e 1') (eí)
CLSSUmin^ ~ U/2 •
(í,e,) = - W¿ ( ¿ 2 ffín 0 2)
— - &2 (f* l)
Using the relatíeny q± - J iL a_n d 9 - x 2- x i
E^Í. ( £ - i) Q-nd (e2) iecome ^
W l/ i ; 1 + [ v /1 + wt ( L + h ) ] * t - ^ X- = O ( £ 3)
m 2 #2 x 2 ” X ¿ 4- 1^2 X2 - O £ 4)
When m1 = m 2 = rn , / t=i2= i anJ W± = W2 = m j , E ^ S .(e 3) <a_no|
0=+") 9 ^ e
m l xt + 3m¿ x± - xz = 0 (E^
*i - m 1
mr i + n í k z = °
For -Aa-rmoníc m o iian x . ( t ) = X - eos £*ít ; i.= 1,2 , Egs.(Es)
¿eco me
— C32 rn i? X i 4 í m^- X¿ — mj Xz = o
— C3~m i X2 - X¿ -f- rn^ X 2 = O

from wkíchH e ¡freguenc^ egueution can £?e o¿>bainec/ a s
63^ rn2 j!2 - ( 4 m2 £ $- ) 69 2 ■+■ 2 m2 ^ - o
i-e- « i , “ 2 = C2 T & ) - f
03i = 0 - 7 ¿ 5 4 JT , C3Z = i . ¡?47S J-f-
5 -1 2
Ra tio of amplitudes is Jiven hy £g. ( E ¿ ) as
Xi _ _ 1
*2 - G
91 -t 3 T"? (~<3 ZJ-
r~1 ^
Jyi m ode 1 , G9¿ - o* 76 5 4 |JL -r — í )
U ’ T1 ' ['
N/o Yiocíe.
In mode 2; G92 = 1-8478 UL ,
( ^ r - í
One -no de lo c a te d aJc :
* _ j-- or = 0*29 30
2-¿il33
Let R |, R 2 and R 3 te tke re s to rin ^ fc rc e s

\n S p r in ts . E g u a t f o n s o f m o tio n of m a s? m
in -x and diVecttOns a re
m x = ^ R¿ tóS °(¿ (E l)
l - i
m y = 2 R¿ s' n ° k (E 2 )
¿= i
w kere R . = - R¿ ( x eos o<\ + y sin
EfcS*(E±) to (Ea') gíve

x + Si ( x eos2 ^ -f £ g ?5 o<£^ = o Ce 4 )
¿= í
^ y- + ( X Sin COS c<¿ + % MnZ o t ¿ ) = O ( E* )

■i = i 7
i=br a¿, = 4 5 ° , <*2 = 135° , C<3 = 270° arvd fc, =-fc2 = *3 = Egs> ( e 4)
and ( £ 5) redu.ee to
mx + R x =0 (Eg )
•m £ + 2* ^ =0 ( e 7)
Tkeíe e ^ u a tío n S a re u n c o u p te d . [=ór {\armonic m o tio n ,
x (t) - X eos (a 3t + 0 ) , - Y eos (c¿t + <() , a.nd ên ce
« 1= d f ^ motion ón x d tre c tio n
03 — l¿*k^ for motion ín ^ d ire ctio n

1 Y m
Na-turî modes o-re gíven % * (t) = X eos ( \|H t + fM
?(*> = Y « s (*j2T t + ¿ , )
lükere X, > Y and ca n te determ ined from <nitia(. co n d ítio n s .
5-13
E ^ u a -'fcion s' r n c t ib r » íir ’te .v tn s
Yn, ¿T0 X
of X- <2^nd © '.
i
\nx+ + -te¿ ( x 4- ®") = 0 (E | ) -
r0 e-*k,X, ( * - £ , 0) 4- fc ^ 2 ( * + i 2e)
=o fe) J 77777-
For £ r e e Vibrad; ion ,
■x(-fc) = X c o í(« jfc + -^ ^ —>

(es) |<-
0ft) = © c o íG a t + ¿ ) Csr4)
CLMci C2Jpvc( ( ^ 0 ê¿olrie
— to 032" -f* te, 4* te ^ - ( t e . í , - te2.£2) 1 ÍX

fe)
- ( M i " fcf e ) - 09 f e te, £ , f e tez ( 0 J
Freguencj egü.«,tíon ís
— w1052 4_ te, 4- te 2. — O l ^ l — te-2
= O
— ( t e , £, — te^ ^2-s) fe)
— 69 4- te, £ , 4- te2
f .e
— 05 -f- ?0 0 0 too
loo — 0*3 0 ? 4- 2 0 3 0
i »e
O* 3 09^ — 3 5 3 0 O 2' 4- lo •1*+ X /o6 = o
03** = 6 75*5. 33 7 3 , 4 ? 81 • 3 2 ? 3
09,= 7 0 - 5 7 25 ra d /s e c . , 69z = 82-3732 rc u l/se c .

M ode s ln a,pes i
fe IO0 0 09,2 -f- 5 x (o 5 ^ X 4- o -l x io 6 © = 0
or
X I —o
o -•( x
X /o6
/o
= _ 5-3476
691 “ l o o o 0 92 4 - 5 x lo6
an
_X_ — O- i X lo
= o • o 5 OO I
0 09, - (000 c&J- 4 . S x ío G
= 4 8 ^ 1 = 48 (6 (1 0 » » = 6<1728 (lo6) ^
) k n,== stiffness o f girder
f e3 (30 ( 12))3
= A E = A (30 (10a)). = 12 5 ( 104 } A lb/in
k = stiffness o f rope
¿ (20) (12)
5 -1 4
m j = mass o f trolley = 8000/386.4 = 20.7039 Ib—sec2/m
m 2 = mass o f load = 2000/386.4 = 5.1760 Ib—sec2/in
Desired frequency valué: > 20 Hz. Let = 25 Hz = 157.08 rad/sec or

u\ = 24674.1264 (rad/sec)2.
Fundamental natural frequency is given by (see Eq. (E3) in solution o f Problem 5.5):
uj\ =
k-A + k
2 m*
+
2 m2
V i k;3-+ k
Using the known valúes of kg, m1} and m2, a series o f trial valúes o f A are given and Eq.
mi m2
_ . k> k
n ii m 2
(i)
( 1) is evaluated to find the éorresponding valúes of w2. The results are given in the table
below. It can be seen that A = 1.1 in2 yields a frequency that satisfies the specification.
A (in2) k (Ib /in) w2 (rad/sec )2 cü-j (rad/sec)

0.6 0.7500 10 5) 0.1434 10 5) 119.7
0.7 0.8750 10 5) 0.1715 10 5) 131.0
0.8 0.1000 10 a) 0.1946 10 5) 139.5
0.9 0.1125 10 a) 0.2176 10 5) 147.5
v
1.0 0.1250 10 a) 0.2406 10 5) 155.1
1.1 0.1375 10 a) 0.2662 105) 163.2
1.2 0.1500 10 a) 0.2918 10 5) 170.8
1.3 0.1625 10a) 0.3123 10 5) 176.7
1.4 0.1750 10 a) 0.3379 1o5) 183.8 T
1.5 0.1875 10a) 0.3610 1o5) 190.0
X 4, 4S E I 43 (2-06 X to" ) ('¿>.02') , 6 /

0 *í = — = (4 ,)» = Á *i=*b
= 0*3 X(0 6 w/m , m 1 =- 1000 > W2 = 5000 ^9 Yni
E^.CÔ m "the solu-tíor» op |?ro Mem 5.5 gi

gives
^2- ^ _ 3-39 xiq6 o-3 K(0 _ ( 3-39 X lo6 o>3 xl06)2 3* o9xq.3 k (012 m.
* * 2 .0 0 0 (OOOO * J 4. y I0OO 5000J 5 X 10
= (| .725 + 1-6704) lo*

= 7 - 3 89 2 xolA/a > C3Z ~ 58-2701 ra A / ¿
From £gs* (E+) cund Ce O of Soluh'on o f probUm 5.5,.
o*3 x(O*
r¿ =
= II-ÍII7
- m 2 6 9 ¿ +• k z - 5 o o o (5 4 -6 o o 3 ) + o-3 x (o6
0-3 X ro
r2 = 0*01799
—*"2 + *2 -5000(3335-. 4046) 4- 0*3 * 10€ ~
Mode skeupes cure r "o , (0 (2-)

■(*-) =. ( II* 1117 J 7 C*) s
X •=( - 0 - 0 1 7 9 9
5 -1 5
Frequency equation:
— (J [m] + [k] = 0
or
(k n -c^ m j) k 12
= 0 (i)
k2i (k22 — cj2 m2)
Expansión o f the determinantal equation (1) gives:

(ni! m2) o;4 — (mi k 22 + m 2 kn ) u 2, -f (kn k 22 — k f 2) = 0 (2)
Roots o f Eq. (2):
col, w f =
(mi k 22 + m 2 k n ) ±
V (ni! k 22 — m 2 k n )2 + 4 m* m 2 k 12
2 n ij m 2
(3)
Substitution of known expressions for k 11} k 12, and k 22 into Eq. (3) yielda:
2
LO2 , Cüf
2
= ----
7
E I
mi m2
+ 8 m 2) ± \ / ( m 1 — 8 m 2) 2 + 2 5 m i m 2 j (4)
(5 I 2 ) w o íio n *.
W| = 1000 *3
m, x , -fc, x , — fe, = o 1
-fc, = 4 x to N /m
(^ 1 + ^ 2 .)^ - fCjTC, = o /
rr?. = 300 *9
Let X ¿ eos (c&b+fá") ;
* = 1 ,2 . (E a .)
L e c o n .e s
- m , £ £ % .* , _
|«_ é m -»|
Freg,u-enc^ &gu6iéian ís
— m , 03 íc - fc.
— O
— fc, 4- f c ,H - f c 2
t.e
rr,, m 2 <3 * - ( m , fc, -{- w , f<2^ c a ^ — -fc, m 2 03^ -f- fc | fc 2 =
5 -1 6
I* 6 *)
z (™í'*/2> + Z rnf fc,1cz

03 = z 1 /
- 2 jr iim ^ -íc ,ic z 4 2 m , m ¿ ^ i 2-) 2, J / z tt>,rr?2
5* g
S ín c e h i,= ÍOOO 1 ^ , mz = 300 te^ J •*:,= 4 x 10 Nj/W * 2= 5 * 1© A //m,
E g.(E s) gfves
0 5,= I4*453S ra A Jse c > 0&z - 5 6 - 4 S 3 7 r c u j/ s e c
^ ^ ^ = ¿t poo^) / j \ _
3éoo \ í / 21*6
Lo k e r e ^ = £ m czjri_c/ r¿> m j ,- ,
.^ 1=. c r ib ic c d v e lo c ib y # | - 14'4 539 fej» 6^ — 4.7.6887
h - ^ -»• - ^ ( s ) (f T .
= Cri-biCaÁ veloci-by # 2.= 5~g-4g37 i9 4 .|? é S f ^ / ír .

_____________________________________________________2-TT _______________________
E g u a tib n s o f m o tfo n /o r ro-boJzíon a.-koat o cuid A
3 i ve
™t ©1 = - W, ?, Suri 0, + <& ?ín 0Z (£, Grf 9¡) - <%Co*ez (2, ^ n0,)
= - w,jZ» 0 , 4 tí? 2, ( e 2 - S|)

= -W .2,0,4 W2 ; , f 0 l - 0 ( ^ ----- (E t)
S in c e ^ i W2 .
¿ 2 + ™2 ¿ 2 (í| © ,) = - W2 h y' " ®2
— —U4 . ^2 ® 2 . -------------
For m,= m2 —va a_nd X ,- ^ Eos*. ( F, ) cunj (e 1n) tecome
.••
mJt 0 f -f 2 T n ^ Q( — rn<^ —o
QL 4- m í. 9 Z + Q2 = 0
¿SSUmin^ 9¿C fc) = eos (e s t + ^ ) ; £=1,2 , we get
— + 2 íttJ - ~ Co,
[’ _ 69*” r o í — (J ^ m l -f- nry J [ @.
D e fm in ^ ^ = G 3_/ /r e ^ u -e ^ c ^ e^Loa-fccrn ecun t e ob h ^ tn eJ o-&
^ -A + 2 -1
-X -A-M
5 -1 7
*
A, = l - f í - 0 - 5 8 5 8 , A i- - 3-4142
G5¿= 0-7^54 , < J .= 1 -8 4 78 , / i ~
Fbr 65±, fnrsfc eg^-cif e n ( E j') g/Ves fo r ®>, =

¡q„ — — A i -f- 2 — - / T — i - 4 14 2.
For g32, ffrs t egucdr/on ín (£3^ 9 «VeS for ®, = i.

^ 2 = - \ 2 + 2 - _ J T = - 1 . 4 1 4 2
node
L o c c t ¿ i o n o f n o d e :
Ir _ i - 5 -
4 »4 ¿
; §. = 0-4142 1-
k h
S e c o n d m o d e
/ " “ ' n E ^ . ( £ 3 ) * n i k e S o l u - f c í o n o f p r o ¿ í e m 5 . 5 g í v e s
( 5 . 1 4 ) , 1-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
k, t i
tí> l a £ = ■
+ * 2 4 — +. ¡ í . ( h ± h + m
2mi z m z ^ \ / 4 \ w t ^ ± J
F o r Y n , = m z = y?? o - n o l -í< ) ■= 1c¿ - k -} u / e g a t
U ¿ , 69* - ± + ± - T _ 3f< x * IX
“ >N o-3?2 *¡ . 05* = 2 . 6 |? 4
U i = o.CIÍI ^ , cS *= I - 6 I 8 0 ^ * ?
Mode shcufes cura given 6^ ^see E^s- (.^4) f^klem 5.5)

-O ) { 1 co
r± = =- = 1- 6(81 X = L 1- 6 1 8 1 / 1
GS£ 4 1c2
r2 “ = - 0 - 6(80 5 « * í * 1 X«
( - 0 - 6 ( 8 0 J
- 03* 4 f^z.
Í5. 15Í fr° r System of Ry. 5.5(a),

(*)
x ( l ’ T [ ™ 3 x w = í x (; ’ x “ } } J ™ ' 0
L ° «11. CO
= X , x ' í r 2 )
But ic ¿
•m, + m 2 r, r 2 = m, 4 mz
- m. 6>, 4 fc-z -f- fc3 / \^_ >TJ2 632 4 4 2 4 ^ 3 i)
w kere
2
N —- rn | rn 2 í<9| ~j~ k - z 4 ^ 3) •r n 2 ^ 2. ~F 2. “F ^ 3 ^ "4 ^ z ^ z j o -t\ d
E - (-^ 2 C«3,Z 4 * 3 ) ( '- « .1 c ¿ 2 4 - í< 2 4- * 3)
5 -1 8
?
8 <j s u t s b '-t u .-b in ^
G3. , ^ ¿ = — + t ) ¿flli
r ^Bnlj -
2. m( rn2. ^'—
( V H c Q C « t+ * 0 - » Í l 1/ 2 ^ 9e¿
- 4
m, í7i2.
N = Triy Yn^ ¿5, — V n , 1ct G}£ - m,m 2 ^3 - vn, mt *fc2 65,Z

2.
4 yn, ÍC2 + ^1 ^ 2 ^ 3 " r n , ^ (¿I 4. írj| -fc2 fe-3 + Tn, ^ 3 + rn z ^ 2
2- f f(k | + (< ¿ 2+- k Ü )'*'i"|2’ 1 f / t ÍCl'f' ÍCz) rn2 +

= m( m 2
2 m. m i J 4 L\ rntni2
- 4
^,+ «o - 4 j J - 1(fci+ * * ) m z + (*1+^ m í J
; » ■ + « o + ? + + m2^ + ^ . ^ +M' ^
( J
= O
t Ep. (?• /o) 9iVes 2 1/

5.16 ^ B z = i r f o o W 7 Q ° ) » JT < r jM i + frop )2 l z '- ~ - - 2I' - j^2
1 {C»0)(7QO> - M
= 5 5 0 + 3 8 4 *0573 = (65* 9 4 27 , 9 3 4 * 0 5 7 3
C3t - 12 ♦ gg f7 r a .d /> , G3Z = 30*5624 r a d / * __________________________________
^ #Cg3) ¡n t t e Solution of proU em 5.5 ^íVeS1
M,1 , » í = !2 2 ? + ^ ^ ) Z - = 917.2, 13032-8
G9i = 30*2853 r a d /í e c , 6S2 = ||4*3S01 r a d /,3
Egs * ( ^ 4 ) ( e s) of Solu.h'ort Gf prok lem 5.5 9 «ve

_ *2 6ooo -*«> _( l x !°
ri - "71 = ------------------------ - 1-1805) X - ( | .,go5/
-* n 2. c J t 4 « 2 . -317*2 + 6000
Sooo „ , ___ ~+(í ') j” ' t
r2 “ ----------1-----— - =-o*347i ; X = -o*S4 7 M X '
-f « 2 _ 1 3 0 8 2 * 8 -{- 6 0 0 0 L J
Same a>s ex ampie S* i with m, = m2 -2 5 -fc^ ic, - = *k3 = 5 0 o o o n//^,

(5 .18 )
<**1 = i / ¥ = ' / ^ f ££ = 4-4-7214 x ^ ( ¿
^2 - — J l5o ooo' _ -7 7 . 459 7 ra-d/ *
(ênemi motion ,'s gíyen b<y ^ . ( ^ £ í0') o f E xam p /e 5*1 *
5 -1 9
Xi ( t ) = X (, ° (44-7214 X(J1) C os ( 7 7 - 4 5 5 7 t +
x 2 (-fc) = x^ 0 eos ( 4 4 * 7 2 1 4 1 4 -0 i) - x ^ eos ( 7 7 . 4 5 9 7 -6 4 0z)
Eg.(5*to) y/ves 2. i
[5.19 a l = i ( 3000 (* ) + 4 -0 0 0 (1 )1 _ i r ^ o o ° ( 0 + 4 o o o ( l ) j Z _ + |3 0 0 o fc o o °) - 1000 j
2
= 1633 • 3 7 4 6 , 3366- 0 Z S 4
09^= 40-4225 t<
xA (a > Cj32 - 58 '01 75 r a A /a
100o
rt = -------------------------------- _ -------------------------------------------- - - 1*3 6 6 0
-m 2 -f- « - i + ^3 " z f a 3 3* 9746' ) 4 4 0 0 0
1000
r2 = ------------ ---------------- — - --- --------------------------------------------. = - 0*3660
6*2 + * 2+ * 3 - 2 (3 3 6 6 -0 2 5 4 ) 4 4 0 0 0
U/ken x ,(a ) = * 2(o) = ¿ 2( o ) = o cu id -i-, ( o ) = 2.0 /
y CO _ 1___________ n - o . 3 6 6 ( 20 ) -[
1 (-0-366-|. 3 66) L 40 •42 2.5 J =“ 0*l° 4’e
Xp5 = --------r '- ^ 6 ( ^ ) 1 s _ o .l-T O
—1*732 L 59-0175 -1
A = <f>z = w 1 ( 00 ) = x
M otion o f t ke tojo Yncusses is given ¿>g E g . ( 5 . 15 ) :
x^C*) = o» 104-6 sin 4-0 - 4- l l S t + 0*271? ím 53 'O I75¿

X 2 ( t ) = +(|*3660)(<m<j46) Sin 4 o * 4 2 Z 5 ¿ - ( - o* 3 6 6 o ) ( - 0 * 27 1 9 ) Sir> 5 S '0 \ l s t
= 0-14-29 sin 40.4225 t - 0*03552 Sin 5 S * o i7 5 "t

(cb ) ( ¿ * = 9 1 7 * 2 , 652 = 13 0 9 2 - 3 , r1 = M 8 o 5 , r2 = - 0 - 8 4 7 1
5.20
x ,(o )= o-2 , * 2 (o) - x , ( o ) =. x z ( o ) = o
£#• ( 5*I8) 9¡v es
XC0 _ i O 0**470(0*2)1 = o*o835é
*' " ( - 0*847/ - M805) H n ^ J
= --------- -------------------------- r ^ ( - Í S o 5 ) ( o - 2 ) 3 - 0 . 1 (6 4 -4
£-0*947/ - 1*1305)L
56, = <?42 = t a n " ' ( o ) - O
X ,C ¿) = 0-08356 ( j # ? 0 'l8 5 it + 0*11644 eos (14* 3901 t
■xzC t )= (|-I805)(o-08 3 5 6 ) Oí? 3 0 * 2 8 5 3-t -+ ( _ 0. g 4 7 ( ) ( o - l i 6 4 4 ) deíS H 4 * 3 9 0 l £
= o .0 ?8e 4 C¿5 3 0 * 2 9 53 t - o*o?g£4 cerf 114 • 3 801 -6
(k ) X,Co)=0* 2 , X z O ) = ¿ ,(o ) = o , X 2 (o ) = 5-. o

^ .(5 .1 9 ) g.ves 2
x í°= r á ^ i O 0' 847' ^ = - 0 . 1 . 6 7
5 -2 0
2- ^
1 __ f f- 1-1805 (o»2>lZ+ J l i 2- 1 2 _ _ 0-ll *4
' -•
?2. -¿02.76
276 L 1 '' 1 3 0 8 2 '? J
A = to ^ r' í — 1 = to ^ r’ ( - 0 . 9 7 4 5 ) = 135.73 9 9 *
(.3 0 .2 3 5 3 (- o . 847l)(o. 2)j
¿ = -W 1 ( ---------- 7 ^ - 4 -------------- 7 - ------ í - i a s r C ^ Í 0 - 1S 5 f^) - (O• 4-8 9 5 °

T¿ t 1 ( 4 . 3 8 0 1 ( - i - 1 8 0 5 ) (0 . 2 ) / ^ '
X ,(F ) = - 0 - 1 ( 6 7 Co* ( 30. 285393° ) t 4 ( 3 5 - 7 3
- 0*1(84 Co*((14.3801 t 4 (0*4895° )

X 2( t ) = (/ .|8 0 5 )(- o .|(6 7 ) c^ O o -2 8 5 3 ^ + | 3 5 ' 7 3 9 9 !>)
- 0- 847/ ( - 0- 1/84) o á ( u 4 *3ío (t - 4 (0 . 4 ? 55c>)

= _ 0 - 1 3 7 8 csA (3 0 .2 8 5 3 t 4 1 3 5 .7 3 9 9 °)
+ 0-1003^|(4. 38o I t 4 10-4895°) __________________________

E o u iv a Je rit SWS^Cm ís skown ín -fi'gure : j -k1 .
© 2 ( ^ p — 0
4.
3 ¿ - 1' 2 U -x ,c t ) !— *■
*, = -fct = -k = ¡ n,, = 2.m , m i = m * 1*1
E ^ j_cL É b ri^ m o fcm ; m, X , 4 ^ 2) X , - icz x z = o
™2_*2 - fc2.X, 4 -fC2 X2 = 0

For íic L rm o n íc motíorv x .( t r ) = X¿ eos ( d ¿ t -4 <f>) ; * = l >Z j geF
(- + k ,4 k 2 ) - 1<2
Ce , )
— 1<2 ( — 09^ w ¿ + ^ 2 .)
F re ^ u e n c ^ egua-tfon is
(—69 rn( -4 ^-2') “ ^2.

k z .)
or
03^ m | m i - i3Z (tTí^k, 4 1*2 * x + ^ 1 ^ 2) + k | *-2 . — 0
= ( W ^ l + '■*2.*24 mi ^ z ) ± >/(^2fc, 4 m 2«.24 *w,-kfc) 2 - 4- rn,i772í<, 1c¿ >

--------------------------------------------------------- (£2.
For g iV e n d a io -, _____________________________ — ,
2. _ (m-íc + m (<4 Zm -(<) 4 \/ (rn-fc 4 m(<+ 2.m fe)2 — 8 -K2- A 4 _i_\
69 — — m l " •fi /
4 m
03L - 0 . 5-4-12 J E = 3 . 74.35 [ 7 7 . . 03,= 1-3066 M = 4 -0 52 4 [ T IL
From Eg. (E j ) , We get
5 -2 1
- ó^,2" m , + i c , + 1c¿ _ 2. m 65,1 +■ 2 1c - 2 (0. z l l i l e ) + 2 te
r4 =
= 1-4142
r z = X ^ ^ _ ( ¿ l m, -f ^ f + - * 2 . __ - Z W ^ + 2.K __ - 2 ( l . 7 Q 7 | - k ) H- 2 . K
= - 1 * 4 1 4 -2
Mode sk cupés a r e :
5 -= 0 * 5 8 3 8
nocís
x 0 ) = í( '1-4142
x ° J
} x '°
x ctM fi x co
C— 1*4142 j1 * '* ' F ir s t mo de Secohd rnode
LiOCa-tion of node: ( n o n o cie ) C on e n o c ie )
i -^ - ; 0*5 83 8
4 1 4 2 .
L e t P he the ten «ron in th e s trín ^ . tforiônta.1

coiriponents o-f tensión ( a io n j cLrec-fcron) »r> the
s trín ^ ^*n<5 estove a-nd below m, <a_re
- ílZ o-nd - , re s p e o tr v e lj/.
/■ 1 ¿ 2.
N ew to n 's second Lcxw g iv e ?
_ V _ _ *|J1 C * i-x O p
or m,xf +
• fa r ty
S irm r 1 1 " ~ T¡
m.
With xz (t) = COS ( o - t -f- 4- ) -> 2 = h 2 , a_nd £, = 1 2 = l , ™z = «
f -1 fx, -
r c - w + ¿ f ) •
JL
• — r 1r --------------------f e )
T
Jt 1 Xz i - í
T h í s g í v e s t h e fr e % u e n c y e g u a ^ t t o n
- ( i ) 1 = ( - w t 8 l + i ¡ r ) ( 1>BC8t+ f ) =
I T ”1
05, = =
m í Tn
F r o m f V r s t o f E g S . ( E , )
°> z 2?
*1 = « -r n tíN -X
.co = 1 ¿ r2 = -ÍL = _______ = -1
(4 ) (I)
5 -2 2
No nade Oríe nade cJc mt'dcMe o í
-é-he t e jo m asses
Fbr T7i,= 3 m , * , = 3fc and fc2 = -fc, % . ( £ * . ) fn S o íu t ío n of

5,23) ^ro{,lem 5.21 g i v e s __________________________ ____
ra1 - ($** * + ^ * + 3 * " * 0 ± y^rn-K-t-Tn3‘ '#-3Tníc)Z _ 3 ^ ^ m 2- _ _ k _ f 7 + x f f ¡1 ^
¿74 = 6W
G ^ r 0-565 7 £ - , |.7 67 6
« i= 0 ,7 5 2 1 > “ >1 = 1,3295 1 ¥

0) 2
r _ *1 _- ¿i3i w, 4- fc,+ *2. _ - 0 * 5 6 5 7 C3) + 3 4 í _ -» 3 0 2 9
1" co r - 5 =
_ X t^ _ - ¿3* m i + + ^2- - ~ 1‘ 7 6 7 6 ( 3 ) -h 3 4- 1 _ _ |. 107.%

T cT ) ^ 2. 1 < ,„ j
Al , 'F -- \ S ---- 1-302.2
i*o >) , . x r |
co ; 1,0 ? xf , -?(l) = ? i x t2>
" (-1 -3 0 2 3 í " I pj
2*3029
one n o d e
No node
^ - í " ^ . ?=o-5(.57
1-3023 L ' *
^ _ 3ET _ 3 E f 7 ^ a , l b 3>) E a,±' ¿SuU.
5*24) <- t3 77 4 ^ :
^ccunbClever
fc-,= A£ - 7TdÊ
W ,= w ,3 -
i “ 47"
F rom proM em 5.5,
■^2- S irope
G3 = ^ t t fcg. W* = ^ z f -
1,2- 2m| 2 -mz Í1ÍLZ
wl / Yn,M2.
E f± 3 + 2 L ¿ !e\ + 7Td¿ E >
4 b3 4Í J ZW, 8J? W„
4
-i- j Ce?£ + zlüe') ? + f e^ £ j i ^L1z
4 ( . \ 4 t 3 4 i /w , 4 { J ( é í t 3 w ,W i
From solution o f Problem 5.5, we find that for = m, m 2 = 2 m, Iq = k and k 2

2 k,
J? =
ü (2 - V7) — ; w¡ = (2 4 V i ) —
,, m m
4 1’ k2 !
9
r2 =
xp) _ k2 1
xp — m 2 cj2 + k 2 —1 — V i
•First mode shape:
Xp) cos (cq t + <t>\)

x i 1) X p) cos (cq t + (pi) /«>
•= - •= - xp)
xí.1) ri X p) cos (cq t + 4>i) cos (cq t + <f>i)
V 3- 1
For the motion to be identical with the first normal mode, we need to have X p) = 0.
This requires that (from Eq. (5.18)):
/ 2 f )2
-4
' — ri xx(0 ) + x 2 (0 ) ri X i( 0 ) — x 2 (0 ) = 0
r2 - r x
•
or
x i( 0 )
x 2(0) = rx Xj (0) = -------
X i(0 )
x 2(0 ) = rj Xj (0 ) - -------
Let mi = m, m 2 = 2 m, kx = k, k 2 = 2 k.
^ y Tnitial conditions: XjfO) = 0 , x 2 (0 ) = 0.1 m, Xi( 0 ) = 0 , x 2 (0 ) = 0
Eqs. (5.18) yield:
o.i
x í1) = — i — [(o — o. i )2F = —— °-1
r5 - r 1 J r2 — rx - 1 1 w
W +T Vi - 1
xp) = —
r 2 - Ti l>
01
L— [( . )2]J 2 = r2 — ti v 3
(¡>i — tan -1 (0 ) = 0
(j)2 = tan-1 (0 ) = 0
where oq and co2 are given by Eq. (E3) o f solution o f Problem 5.5.
Resulting motion:
Xi(t) = X p ) cos (o^ t + (j>i) + X p) cos (cü2 t + M “ 7" - ' cos ^ + cos w2 t
V 3
X2 (t) = Ti X p) cos (cjj t + (¡>i) + r2 X p ) cos (cu2 t + (j)2)
1 0.1 1 0.1
COS OJi t + COS ÜJ2 t
£
w V i +1 w
1
5 -2 4
Í52J) 03,2 - Czn x ,0>) = 3947-8602 (r a d / s e c ) 2
From S o la -tio n j^roblem 5.24, t h is ' ín e ^ u o d it^ c a -n Le
e x j j r e s s ’e d cus \
z lá * £ \ * .
" ( 4 ¿,3 4 ? / 2. W,'i SÍ W,
j Cf£cut3 f ^ ^ E^/ __ BZcwt 7Tcl ? 1

4 ~ | ( 4 t 3 T T ” / 4 / W 2. J Íé.í ^^2 J
> 3 947-8602 ^ ^
P a ta : E = 3 0 X |0 6 J»s£ , W, = lo o o i l > = 5oo ¿¿ , ^ = 3 5 6 -4 /* >
b — 30 ir) ^ j¿ = 6 0 ir» .
UnknownS * a» ¿ -fc d .
L et q j — (o d= t .t cu n d
For ihís dcubcu3 b ¡s mcremented from o-l »n ín «'ncrements of

o-Oi ín curd /efí: ta_nd ffi‘de of ~bke ¡n&ûcuLíby
evo.luo.teJ. TÍifs gives cu vcuiue. a£ i= ¡.5 4 . £or
sa,h's^ín-3 (£,').
■‘. Desígn is i = I ■5 4 " , cl = t = l'5 4 r" > a = lo t = 15. 4
/-/¿/ss-
É g u o T io n s of mot i on ■
m , x , 4 f k , * f* z ) ^ 1 - ^2 x 2 - 0 ^
(0
tn g x 2 _ j c 2 x , -f- ^ /) x z - 0 J
Ei< jen v a lu é f>ro¿íern:
'( - m , 0 9 % fí, t fc2 ) - k 2

'X, 1
« 7
( - m 2 02 + k z + íts)
) x2 j
- í ° i
co
For th e Jo.to. fc,= Kj = g , = -r, * - <2 .
77777"
r n / =: m 2 - m - 2 , Eg, - ( 2) f c e e o m e s
s
- Z OS*2' + i 6 - 8
( 3 )
- 8 - 2 ¿c9Z -f-
Freguency « j u ^ í . n : ^ ^ (<)l _ j2 ^
or O ?1 = 12.
ar OS = Z, 3 - 4 6 41 (*)
For - 4> e5 ' ( 3) 9 'v e s
f - 2 O ) -HéJ X , - S X 2 or X , - X 2
- ’ O) f ) CO . .
,. X = j , | x , CO
For í«9g - I j 2 eg.(3") sives
[-Z (ie ) + I ] 6 X, = S X 2 or X g z - x ,
••■ X w - { J, } * ( ,a ) CO
F r e e vitra-tion responses q£ m & sses -m, a^nJ m 2 a - re

9 »ver» t y
J J o ) ( i* )
* ,(£ ) ~ X, eos ( 2t 9
*• $, ^ -f x , c^s ¿ + <f>z) 7
C )
X 2( t ) s x f ° CoSC*¿ + ¿ / ) - x f 2^ eos (3-1*6^ t t + ¿z ) (?)
iA)here xfz^ > , a-nd «^2 a-r e consteunts’ to te

¿e . t e r m 1n e d ^rom tke cniéia^t c o n e/i i ron s . Uí m j
gi'ven miti'o.1 c o n á it i'o n S j E ^ s .( 7 ) a,n 4 (g ) yie/d
(O X2.-X
X ,(-t= o ) = I = X , e o s ?l| f X¡ 6 o s Jig (s)
X 2C t= o ')= o = X, C*S ?J( - X,1 0 COS jí)2 0°>
¿ ( Cfr = - ° ) - O = - 2 X^ 0 -n^| -3-4641 X , C2) Sin ^ 0 0
¿ 2( - f c - o ) = 1 = — 2 xí°S tn fí, + 3 - ¿ f S 4 l Sí" *2

J 0 a)
E gs- C s' ) o-Yvi 0o ) 31' v e :

X^coSfS, - 2
E g s - f l l ) flLnJ ( » * ) i/telJ *•
x ? ^ sín =• - O ' Z S j 2
x^ ^Sín^2 = © •l¿/ 3 QO
5 -2 6
Fv <5«v» (j O cx.noI 0 * 0 ¿ Can J ‘ nc^
x í° = Í(t ) * + ( - í / } t = ° - ??90
ji,= fe u T ' f j L L _ f Í 2 _ l L N\ = f an_ ' ( - ° ’ 5^ - - o,¿,élC ra-J

V x í '; ¿I )
X 'P - [ ( i ) 2 + (? ■l‘i Lt * ' ) } Z = o-5 204
f .~ t e u T * ( — ------------------t f _ \ =■ To a T 1 ( ° ' 2 S S á ) = o ■2 S 10 T n -d
\ x f * ° e-oS $ z )
Free vibrador» responses of m, m 2 :
X , £ -fc) = 0 . 5 5 9 o coS (z t - 0 ' ¿ / ¿ 3 ¿ )
+ 0-520^ co$(3-£f6¿f\ t + 0 - 2 8 l e )
^ o ' 5 5 3 c c o s f 2 - £ — o ' ¿ / 6 3 6 )
- 0 ‘ S2o¿f cas ( 3-£f&ifl í + 6 - 2 S l o '')
Frcm Solwfú>r? o f prokl em 5.28, ib e f r e e v ¡b r o c h e n responses of

<^29/ ^ C L ^ S e s rn , o .r»J Tr»2 ¿LrS g iv e n
X ( (-fe) = x [ ^ CoS ( z í + ^ z ' ) f . x [ 2‘^ Co s t + ^ 2 ) (O
* 2 0O - X(,° COS f 2i + ¿ |) - X ? ° 00.5 * -f ^ 0 CO

wbere xV^ > X ,C2), ^ , o-ri c\ g cure Con ?fca-n bs i¿, ke c|elef m in ed
írom tbe vaxhioX C ond ¡ít'ans . USiaj t b e îven nr?ifc<* cJ.
Con ¿i í t ion Sj (O c^-nel (2 ) íe¿a-d to
X j(o ) — 1 = X|0 co*^, -f X ,u ) (O
X ( o )^ O = X (,, ) c ^ í | - X !CZ:> C oS ^ 2 . C O
¿ i C ° ) ~ 0 - - 2 X (¡ } Si n ^| - X|( ° ^ CO
C °) ^ O - — 2 X Í° S»n^| +■ X [ ^ <^2 C^ )
g^s- ( ? ) a-nd (¿O 9«‘ v e :

x í° c r f ! , i W
x / 2*^ c o i f i =. ■£ CO
E g s * ( 0 <xvxJ C O 3 »v e :
X ^ S in j ~ o 0 0
X f 2) S i n fl2 = °
5 -2 7
Efys- (7 ) o-nd C 5 ) 9 ''ve •
x í'’ = { ( i ) z + (o)2 } 1 =
■i •
» CO = o
s • ó ? ) ccnd (/© } Ts l d .*
x iu>= ÍCi)z+ c o z } i = í j *,= W ’ ( 0)

Henee, He fre e vibraron respondes o/ m, ecvid m2 a.re :
* , C-fc) =: i OoS l- t + ± Cos 3 - Lj 6 ¿f\ t
* 2 C 't ) = g Co$ t i - ~ C oS
R e sulta oí Excw np le 5 . f ;
?jk
m
^ } * , fo ■ * (° = / - ' . ? x <2) ■^ M* s
[mi = m [ « ® ] ,/>] = * [_ 2,]
h w T 3 c^ {- - 1 } xí° x ‘o * o
-0, t [ w ;i 3?Co = x ‘0 X(fOw) ft ,j [* ° ] fJ, }
- W { . .} í _ ; } = o
x t,,T M x (,) = « (*<■> y {■ Ij [ a

' ° ] { |
?= 2 m (x í°) - C, - c.o n S to-v, t
= * IX, i' 'i { : } = * » (

•fc 2.
C« m = C, ^
(,’ t m x r o = * .( * ,“ ■> ) ‘ f . - , } [ ' ° ] { _ ; } .
=• 2 »r» ( x ) = c2 - Co n s í c u n t
= * C*,'0 )* f ‘ - ' } {J, » « * (x,w ) ‘

2
2
5 -2 8
^ 5 3 l ) C0^ ) E fiU G 'b io n S o§- m o ffo n :
A js u m e : 01,^2 o^re Sm a^ ii.
Moment eg/u ‘ l í l r i ’u m 'g-fiua~h'on s

°S tu/o 'rficLSses a J s o u i
P cund $ :
m í* 6¡ + ¿0 I + fe d f 0 {"^ z )= 0
2 - ' * 0 5
ml i i 02 - fe d (é| ~ ~ o
■ (O
( b ) Mcot^raJ. jV e ^ u e n c/e s orne)

m ode sh c^ p e?:
AsJWme*. H arm on íc tn o iio t) UJibh
9 .( 1 ) = ©¿ CC5 ¿= I, z
(3 )
U/here © f and ®2 are
a-mplifcuctes1 o / 0 ( a-nd ^ 2. ;
re s jo e cfciv e ly , 09 ' rs fche
'Oa-bucaA f re-fyu-ency , a-nd 0
is ¿ h e joína-£&- «a-vigíe » Free ío J ltj efi’czgrahi
Usin^ Eg, • ( O ,, E g j. ( i ) cund (2.) Ca-Vi
1)6 e xp res sed m madrríx Jorm cl¿
2- ¿ ^ ©i na - k d Z
-OS m A. +
[ : i ] { © 2 - k d ra j £ -i* ‘fe d ^
F r e ^ y j-e n . e ^ j L x a í Z ¿ r n '.
_ OS* rr\ l ' 1 + msj l fe d- - k d

= O
, z
— fe d -ca ^ m l f m J I + k ^
or
¿* 2. j f = O CO
gs - as +
TTí - + -
vn f »
*
So (u i ion ©F ^g,*CO 3 1 VSS1
Ü92 = 09. = f />Z co
By Suh s i i b u i m j £or C O ü a á 69^ irvto Eg. (¿i ) > W 2 o h t a tn
CO
^ (l)= i or
© j/ C P f . } «
c^n.
f 2-) O )
or ©
V ©I /
- -1
í::r -í.:í
Thus the m otion o f t h e m a jf e ? ín t h e turo m o d e s ¡ s yiVen by
í '1í (t)
“ ’ í = ® ‘ ” i ’ } “ ‘ ( “ ' ‘ + ^ f 7 )
■ « í° J,
7 == ®* { _ ’, } C4»s(íáz i + (S)
0 . (2 ) (í)
Cc F ree v ib ro -tio n response:

Using l i n e a r superpo siéion o f n a t u r a l w o d e s ^ tAe f r e e v ib r a t i o n
response of tbe systern is given by
0, C f ) = c, 'e f0 ( t ) + c 2 © W ( t ) ( 9)
By cboosing c , = c ^ = i , wii li no loss of gen era lity j
(l) to ( ) 9 I&OlÁ to
@,Ct) =■©['^cos Ft9,t +j6|) + ©1 5c<=s C^t + ?sa) c» 0
0 2 ,0 *0 = @ 1 ° COS O , i + fa ) - ® (2 ) COS ( o s 2 t T ¿ 4) ( " )
Uibere © í'^ and cure conS ícunbs to b e Je i& r m ln e j

from t h e ím tcU ¿ondt'tfon?* "Wbeh Q ¡(o ')~ cu? 0 2(o) ~
©,Co) “ O ¡3L.ri.iJ é 2 1») = o , Egs-Qo) ojx-xA C » 0 y / e l d
Oj x ® í ^ eos <fi t f- c g ) ^ 2^ eos 2.
0 ■
=■ @ í ° - 0^ eos
O *)
0 = - 0 J ¡ G$'\ Sin <t>\ - i d ¿ © J 2, s in (p 2.
XO
O = — 69, s i n 94, + 0 5 z @ ^ y Jín 0 2
£^S« ( 12.) ccmh be Solved ío r ^ 3 0 / j <3?/**^ s-ncj ^ ohtcc\r\

0 l Ct) B o, cos -t . cos Í £ i± fíi- £ | C(
9*0*0 = ou Sin í££I-í£i t • Sin lfz± J± L f /
5 -3 0
(el) Con el i tfons $or b e cu k in j :
w f,en 1 ± S ^ 9 _ * _ , QO
m r < < - or * << a d *
ik e 1wc> j-re^ ueney com ponents m £gs- ( / ? ) , n<xmely;

^ 2 - ^ / I &9 a+ i i
— cx.Ad ------ — - * ca^n be im ette a ccS
_ n ., = ¡v _ fc_ _ i l G s^
Z 2m JJJT
a vn 4
^ 2= M2 ± i g, ^ j2 _ ' JR_ _ ^ L _ G¿)
1 V / lm J J F
r k .‘ 5 ¡m pifes \¡\\oJu tíê m o 't i 'o n s o£ "tAe. p > e n d u lu m í cure
Jtven by
© jC 't) eos • eos | ^
e t ct) d OJ Sír» —O-#t * S í n _ n .2 t f
This m otion , fcg í , ( , ' 7 ^ 3 d e n o te s b e a - 't V n g jp h en o m en o n •
5-31
m ' 50 *S> - 100 ,4 c g - * ,= 5O 0 N//m j /fC ¡ 2 = 2 c o
KXw ¿ ^ ,= O -íf yrt j # 2 =- 0 ,¿ ^
Wkefí ilíe v e r i icaX ciií^Jaôurr^L^t ~tf?e C * G ¡., «pr ( *£r^
aÂ tk e frot*J2<™ > e ( ¿ ) , ^ ^ . e b a Ji ( m o-fer _
f>u*»|> « J í t a m ) a « usad . E g . r r . 2 3 ) re fre se»** Ifre
e ^ c J Z r n t cfjj m a + fen cr£ A y s te ^ . ftr
V ib r o - t í o n , we q, X oX m oru ^ ^ d u ÍT c m o¿
* (• 0 - /c c * < (u > t+ ¡ o
( O
<9(t)~ ® <-** ( * + + fi)
^ ' C' ^ *» f • ( 5 ' 2- 3 " ) , ^
'( - *1 6J % K ,+ * , . ) _ ^ J? , _ A ; 2 /Í 2. )
X
- (* • , x, _ k a /¿o - 1 , / 2 u n ©
L v 1 S - 70 C j J t/A t -t K z f - i j
O <*>
5 s t ó t ^ v o o ' j _ ¿ 0
X
C O
■ 80 ( - lo o c¿> 2 + & '* '') © c)
5 -3 2
f * v f O ^
- S o 0S X + 7 0 o - 8o — a
7.
“" £o _ fo o C<9 -t 1$ 2'
v J W 'c A ^
5 0 0 0 65*-. -y o o e *> » * - I l e o ^ + /<5É ,W 00 - t y o o = *
< n r,
£¿,00 ^ - 1 7 , Coe> ¿ / -(- t o o , o v e ~ o ( V
i G
% T 5) gn'vu^s ter ^
aJ.
1 +- 7 7 , 6 o o ± _ J ¿ °- 2 l 7 ¿ * /o — 2,0 k ,0 8
üd
2 ($O O e~}
=2 l¿*- 10 1*7 p 1- ^ I S 3
CO
o \r
^ 1 .1 1 0 ? ra Á / 4 9 ¿cP2 = 3 . 7 5 «5 a ( 7 ^
5 -3 3
(a.') L et ( t") osnA 9 (i) d en o 'h e t o e v e r t í c<JÍ
Jit'S p l a.c.e.m en 't Ike C'G> guy^Á txmûJLcí)~>. m o t i o n
( * o f c f e n n ) cJ= cru ± +#T* C-G,. .
from to e free íc r & j * W r. p ,'j ,< .^ 3
tiie e j^ jT a r , mof en» ,V t t e \* jJ Z c s d JU ^ c ÍT c *
eeu^ te e x ^ p ttfíe i
■vn X - - *,( * " 2 , 0 - c iC *~ ^ 'O " 1<z ( oc + ^ z e )
— T í )
am d "Hê. C^m-o-fetjT1 c^- Yno't'i'on ôr g ljy ^ o lX « 5 t . m o í'io v i
oûuí C •G . i'S g i v e n
= * ,('* — O ) ^ l + c I ^ )
— ¡¿2. (< f M ) %2 ~ ^2( ^"* ^2 ®) CO

( j ) Ql ) u u ÍU
«. •
* cc, + c o - c 0 / ' c* 0
vt* &
*» -ir
c J e
| Ck' tU2) - O O ~ ^ ^0
CO
- C O l " k2 Q O + ^2-^2 ) _ )
ver ^ ^ " y U ’
( C T v C o J L v *
jj*o* v r t - ^ v . , fin v¿r
gj \V X a - I«r»7
5 -3 5
_ C
V>N & X K -. - t
*» t
0 Jo
e (V ^ r t-fc z d O ^
o
(V CÓ
fW IKT g -ív e * ; £ . ^ ^
20000 0
« *
f ••
0 5o x 10 0 j
3 3 3 t
l5x/ o " [ ^ o x i o ) 2o - (!Txfo)3o|
"t*
3
- 5 V .0 0 0
5
C5 )
1^- 5 0 0 0 0 10X10 (^ o o )-f ^X lÓ ^)^0o)
8 • 5 x i o fe
/\ 5 £ u m ín j ^ C-JvhruPwc'c Y w o t’i b n £2^
* ( t ) - X C*i & t + f O Cé )
0C E ) — ©> c^ í (a s i -+
E g • (V ) j i 'e l o U
4 i
2 X/o Ct9
é x
- 5 0 XIO ^
15 X IO - 5 0 X 10
f*
O )
3 3
L -5 0 x 10 £ 5 0 0 X l¿> O
Er (7 ^ g ív e s +£<£? ^ r e g o e n c tj ^ u c u b C o m
5 -3 6
¿i rL
2 x/o 69 + l 5 K , ° - 5 0X10
- O CO
6 2 5
- 5 0 X 10 - 50X10 69 -f 8 5 0 0 X/o
(0 0 0 C9* - 9 2 0 6? Z + '2 5 O C ?)
T tie ro o -tí o f E£ ’ C O j / í e M
2 <?ZO ± J o ? 2o ) 2 - 5 o o, o o o
69 =
20 0 0
= 0-I&S7 , o '7 5 4 3
or
CO. = 0 - ^ 0 71 'r a .J //s¡ j o?a - o - 86 8 5 r a - d /s 0 °)
5 -3 7
£7^cvsvo-ILjt. 1íC«v>- ca^r. e x -^ 7 v n v -¿
O
Q í ~ U> ) + K ,i X
r
co
o
+ * la- (k zz- H C<?0 X2
u n ccw . M%JZ ttü L e (o j ^ & ^ s y t í^ J x 4 m S e c ^ fe r v * 5» 3
* z z 'n E ^ .C O *
C ^ rJ ^ n X ^ E£ # f l ^ # ^ • 0 * - O ; * * t£ *> ~
^1 r I ; ^ 2 . - ¿f > ^|*+ ^ 2 ~ ^ 2- ^ í2 ~ ^2 > ^ 2 2 r ^ 2 ^ ^3
PfOTT» » 0> ”J^ ^ J W6 CCLm C orr^ joa J ^ - -f/v 2 Y tS l^ r n ^ - xxvrd L cZ Cl A
■ fvK ow Z i
p .V st Y\<tVrr\aX Ynsrdz {% S iM r 6 ^ = l ‘ 7 *) * ( A S i n j H e
fiY Sfc e x | * ^ i A<:7T> 31 V e vi m > ( S 'lO &o r ^ e ra- ^
0^ X2 ^ * l:
_ rn , 6 9 , -f <#c n — m 1 CiS1 $ • |f o ^
|< 2 ^12. t
*«•> « .( l - 7 ) * + 0 O 9 - II o «?
- *.* 1
I*e-; i<\ 2 r — ic ? - - ' fl*r ^ 3. - 1
Si'nce k ,+ k2 - I2j 'k j - I 2 - k2 - I2 .- I r 11
C o n Si J e rin g -fte ^CCcrrxJ & x ^ i£ W c rñ ¿fcrr tfcc r^Jte? 0^.

X 2 a/wd X\ ín -ffre í»rst n orm ai to&Jjl m
u /€ A .a V e
5 -3 8
*■2 1I
- -
2 ’ +■ ^ 2 + ^ 3 — L/(¡.72 ) -f-
' ,eV * 3 r S .l
♦: *k 12 ~ 1* ^ 22 “ [ < 2 "f' ^3 - ( + s ‘ 9 = £*9
5 -3 9
5 .3 5
— m, *f 2 7 — 3
CO
— 3 — +3
O r r^ z p A ^ f. C ,J ) te, ^ o /. -^ u J ^ J .V.
tp >3 j *t*rC (/hfe*-*''n
|C|( s 2 7 = * ,+ **- O ?
lí a = - -« J = - 3 or * * = 3 C »}
^ 2 2 = * « + * * = 3 > "■ " ° ^
% í- (z )< ^ CO s ' ^ 1 K ,= Z7 - 3 - 2- V -
F a*. fcbt ^ in ^ r 21^ trr ^ ^ 4 * ^ * '
í». tire f í r s t ndW J nW e ín Ég; • ( S * l O , W * o U ^ n
_ v»! c^ + Q + * 0 _ J _ C O
' " ii 1
(O f- ^ w ,= I-4IW2 ; * , ^ 2 ^ 7
^ Ks = 3 , % • C5 ^
= 1
l
en- w _ | q.
m i - 1*
5 -4 0
From tk e A eca rd “e x j& l& tfrCcm JiV e v » iw fír e ríxi^íT c^.
X 2. *n tfre ^PíVS1ir ndVvwa-X y-o^-^L l rn . ( 5 ' II')?

we £ í«d
K g ~ - _ /
- W * W * “t (^ 1 + * * ) í
r e V
*“ ^ 2 (2 ) "f *?
i* e •
3 - 3 - 2 Vi^2
!• €
n O
5 -4 1
5.36) Wltl’ 1et i = **• = 2 *f ^5= ^ • ¿ i 52^ >*ii=o "!«• % , = M¿z = o,
E g s - ( s . 2.c?) g'ivc
id , + 5 ^ 0 , - 2. ^ 02 - o
£ ? 0 2 “ 2 * * ®l + 1 * t e2 = °
For ta rm a n íc fo lu tfo h , 0¿ ( t ) = @ ¿ coi ( osé +■ ) > ¿=í,2 ,
( - G9~ J0 + $ 'k t) -l1 * t 1 ( e «
_ -Z * ¿ ( - 2 ü l 3 ¡t 2 * t )J (©i
F re^ u en cj ¿£
- í a Z 3¿ + 3 * t — 2 *-fc 2. 4 , 2.
= 2. 3, 05 - g J0 09 -j 2 = 0
I - I* * - 2 íí^ o + ^ t
0 ? != 0*5176 032 = 1-9319
5 -4 2
T - 3; < + 3 fct 3661 j-
‘i = 2 i«t
®í° v0'iG6\ l
rL - < !. - í ol +3 = -0*3661
®í° node-y-w -r-
- 0- Z610
1»— / I * " 0'
r i*i66i ;.* !
F.rst no Je Sec^nJ m o J e
Bûakion o f motíoh o / mas? m : m ¿ = -fcz ( x - r s ) - — fE|')

6ûctCórí cr^. Yn^ferv c y lín d e r o f
ttlO^SS m 0 a.nd Yna,SS m om íhi o f ¿ C ¿ * s - fclrz e - * 2 f r ^ - x ) r —-(Ei)
in e rtía . = -i-
T
For X (t)z X W S(c3Í+5¿) and 0 (t) = © CoS (c«91 + , Eg*-(E0
and (E O 9 ,v e tk e fre ^ e n cy e g u a tfo n
— vn 631+ ^2.
-* tr
■= o
2- -2* y *-2 y V-2-
- k2r — 'f 4" ^2
r-e. *■/**■ + ^ i} N z «¡tez

& - c3{ — + — ) + --------------
m0 m = o
CJ,1 , Ca* s f l . + («■+ fc0 ? l í í ^ + l± l + L Í£ V _ 2 ^ 2.

2m m0 V 4 \ m m0 jn 5 / Vn
F or J ",= í}> = ^ tz" k -fcj = , a -n á t z ~ O , E^S-

5.38) ( 5 . zo') 91Ve
^ ^ 0 ,+ l 1 <t 0 | - Kt e z = o
2. * ^ 0 2
2- J~o 9Z - 0, + = co
For W m o n íc mo-tron , FKese egu«,trons gíve

.2
- CS 3; 4- 2-fci
- 2.c ^ a & 4- 2. * ^ a ^ ^
fr o m U íkícli Fke f-r e ^ w e -r ic j e g u a tcb r? C an 6e o L tc tín e d a¿5
2. ¿ j f ü 9 4 - G T ofc-t ld L + 3 = 0
•FcVrt m£?Je
a?. « £ = 4(* 4^
rr— 1 w¿> rT7 “T ll-Ifó
1-3 6 ¿ \ J l
.: 63,= 0.79623 ; 692 = 1*5331? f“
~ C '/
O ? *
2. y K
r, = ©2. _ - cs,z ¿r0 +- ifc t • ±\ J
- |. 3 6 6 0 ? flecóme! moje : |— \
*a> _ ki
nocU ^ ' 1 / 1
r, = _ — Cd¿ <%+- 2 ^ - b _ _ q.
96603 0 -3 6 6 "orí
* ' +T-
0-2611
®T;
5 -4 3
B p . (5-zo ) 9 fve Jq 0 , & k - t &i - $ * t &Z ~
5 70 ez - 5 ^ e , H- 5 f c t 0 2 =
— u9 ¿5^ t G r . , ¡ r 0 ■
- s * t
/
_ _ 5 1 C* — 5 CS2 - ^ + 5
í ® . , Í = 7( ° y
¿Te¿ 0 9 + - 7 kt J~0 & í + *■%. - o
a f, u>£= , » . 14-59 íi. (5 * 8 5 4 -1 í p '

¿T0 ’ ¿o
09, = 0-3S l?7 ± t G32 = 2- 6 1 8 0 3

Jo Jo
70
©o - - Wl Jo f í n
r, = (708
©.co 5 i<.
O) ,
_. - c£f_ J¿ + G K* - - o . 1708
r2 =
©p-} 5 k.
Second) vnoJe
ir _ t p jr
F irst mode
o-1709 1
3 . - 0 -1 4 * 9
d3>
M 7o8
(i ) t&ing * ( t ) ojvx-J 9ft) '•

Fbr -brcunslátirot<j m ot i on ; *,(t) i
m x = - * i ( * - * i © ) - ci(*- tf »®) a,
- fct (7c + Xte ) - c t ( ¿ + *2é) — (e,) J-

For rotcutioriaJ. rnotfon
ajacrt^ár C -G • ¡
¿b e = * , ( * - * / * ) í l + c l ( * - * l ® , ) * i
7 7 ^ 7 SZ> > S r-y s s
- ‘kz (x.tKt e)9.z - c £ * . + l z &)lz — _ (eÓ
Eg*- (E-, ) cLr»d ( £ * } can be rewríttren
m , o C j+C j, !“ c i ^ | + c 2.^Z f«i -f- Ac®. •— k ,£ ( -f- k z tz

I
| ---------------- __
o \ J’o —1cff.I -t-i<2^2 I ^1^1 i~^z^2
0 -
5 -4 4
(ií ) Usín^ J -C t) ® CO :
For kra scJA id ü & j mctZcrn:
» £ = - * . ( 3 - C<0 - ^ ( ^ - C é ) - n ( ? + C e ) - ^ ( ^ C / ¿ ) - w’ e e
For roircL-tibrial m o r Ton :
.... (E 4)
EgS ■ (_E j) arruj ( '£ 4.') Cam ¿e TlMiJVJtL^ aJ>
»*
m me C f f c 2.
* -
! ~ *-1 *-
____________ i___________________
me rp -
©J _“ C|£t + C2. ^2 i C| *L' + Cz ^2 _
•fc|+ ^ 2 j “ fe |.2, - f ^ 2 ? ¿
+
- « i í ( + i k , i\ 1 + « i t'i \
For ■frmaJJ curûjah. ckj^ c& on * ,

.5.41/ t^âJZárví O^- r e f e r í coi*.
™,JLf 0 , = - W , £ , S in d j + f c f í i © ! - ^ © ! ) / , c*5 0 ,
^2 0t — —1*/^ ^ /&yx &2 — ( Zz @Z~ %/&f) ^ ®2L

c¡r tt 2.
m, l?~ 0, +- 9, ( v j , - h * í, ) _ -fe | ( l t g z = o
mT l f e 2 + e i O A + k t f ) - * * , ^ 9! = °
For i-a tu n a n ic rmstern , 9¿ ( t ) = ©. ^ ( tót + j í ) ; i = 1,2 , .u» je*"
-6 5 í m , ? |l + W( £, + fe ¡Lf - K l , h
_ — fr Xi £2 — 05 W j £ 2 "F ^2 +
F re g u e n c ^ e^ûa-ÍZbri 03
Ü9*(&i,m 2 - 692 [*>* ^ (U/, 2, + k . í f ) 4- C ( W 2 * 2. +* fc-^¿ ) J
+ £¡¿1 HI bsz H2. +- ^2^2. k -f- k^2 ] — O ---------( e í')

"R o o t s o f- tfi¡£ ‘ e ^ u x i^ y n jiv e tíTe n a jtü h sd f ruuôurxXjj¿s 6 ^ a/vd &S¿*
/\m¡>Uéude raiZoS aTtz. cp.vte^
r _ ® g? _ - ^ ,2 rn, j?,2- -f- IV, l , -f- k I,2-

<S>,
<s£°
^2 = = wkere W,=m,g, ^ = ^ 3
fe i ,
5 -4 5
/ \ E o u c^ tro y is o f m o F ío n *1 e
5 .4 2 ) v 2 ••
K Z S 4-m í 9 = - fcí©-£- f c ( ¿ 0 + x ) £
(/•+*)
m ic - -fcx-fc(Je-f-x)
t-e. 4 m i 2' 9 + 2.K i z e +- * i x = o
V71 X 4- 2 .-fc X + tele - o
F or A c tv m o n íc m o -b io n , tk e s e e^v-a J cion ^ jW e
- 4. rn l l 092 + l ' k í Z K. I
_ m 692 -j- 2 fc
p re g u e ncy egu.ca.Fibn i‘s ¿f. m Cj9 * — \0 'fom t ^ 2- h- 3 -fc2 = O
* ( —- ■
11
_fc.
C
m V 4- + m Yn
C9± = ■ CJ2 = 4-ées ^

AmfsF’F u d e ra.F<‘oS cure
Xt0 .4 ™ il
*1 - - - - O* 6 0 5 6 J?
© t0 " -■
_ - 4 m j?2
*2. = —
@CO
O)
Moáe sheufes cure - ( O
© (D
Q
X = C0 , J - - o - 6 0 5 G ÍL j
x M =
®c*? I
v o) > = 0
£ ‘ ¿056 i
E g u c L p io n s of 'm o t i o n :
m (x -e e ) = -
í s ® = - fct 0 - fcx e
í-e ynx + i x — m e © = 0
7
(¿ ¿ - m e 2 ) @ t ^ 0 t ^ e x = o
For ¿arm óm e m o tio n , u,e g e t tk e frequency efruabion a.s

— m C32 - f i< rn e ^ __
•fce - ( í - w e 2) ® 2 + lít _ °
or M4 - ( í <= + m k - t ) e s 2 +- f e fc t = 0
R ooF s o f F k ‘s e g u a ir io n 3 ¡v e b le . n c e t u r a .1 £ r e g u e n c t ' e s o í -¿he s y s

Fer
5 -4 6
Speed Recom es uti£c>-vora-ble wben
5.44 ib
. ¡s r e lo /t e d bo H cus
v = i i
cn 2 7T
E=xa.mple 5 . 7 jives
G5j = 5 ' 8 5 9 3 r a -d / s e c (^bounctag^
G32 = 3 * 4 3 41 ra -d /se c (pibchin^^
:. -U, = ^—I = -i5- X 5,3 5 S 3 ,) _ 1 3 * 3 2 8 0 V s (Í0U.nCinj\
2TT 27T ' 17 /
a
= i c¿ 2. _ ts ( 3 - 4 - 3 4 0 _ 22 *522 2 ^ /s (pibchínj')
2 .T T 2-7T
mi x j + (kg + k) Xi - k x 2 = kg y Frec. b o i j Jicv^rCJ-rní

m 2 x 2 — k Xi + k x 2 = 0 m a /s s e s
Since velocity of crane in z-direction = 30 ft/m in = 0.5 ft/sec, r = time to complete

2 7T 2 7T
one cycíe = 10/0.5 = 20 sec, and üj = ----- = ^q" = 0.31416 rad/sec.
Base motion for mi (girder motion dne to unevenness of rails):
y(t) = Y sin üj t
where Y = 2 in and üj = 0.31416 rad/sec.
5 Road surface varies sinusoidally with amplitude, Y = 0.05 m and wavelength,d = 10

y m. If v = velocity of automobile (m/sec), time to travel one wave length = t = d /v
2 n 2 ^ v j /
sec. r = 10 /v sec, üj = ----- = ----------rad/sec.
1 T 10
v = 50 km /hr = (50 (103))/(60 (60)) = 13.8889 m/sec,
Jg = m Tg = 1000 (0.9 )2 = 810 k g -m 2.
Equations o f motion:
5 -4 7
X
^ ( í/r ) - 9 ^0Un<^ or b a ¿ e ái*sf>leu cemerrí:
of ¿ fr e m t ( r e a r ) w keeU , J o w n w a .r J s
For m otion along x:
m x + x (kf + kr) + 6 (kr €2 - kf €/) — kf yf + kr yr ( 1)

For m otion along 6:
Jo 9 + x (^2 kr — ¿ i kf) + 9 (kr £\ + kf £ \) = kr €2 yr — kf yf (2)

where the gronnd (base) motions can be expressed as
2 71" V
yf (t) = Y sin (ü t = 0.05 sin — — t m (3)
10
2 7TV A 2 7T ( ¿ i + ¿ 2 )
yr(t) = Y sin (cj t — (¡)) = 0.05 sin U ‘ ■- ■
“ m (4)
10
For given data, Eqs. (l) and (2) take the form:
1000 x + 40 (103) x + 15000 0 = 900 sin 8.7267 t + 1100 sin (8.7267 t - 1.5708) (5)
810 é + 15000 x + 67500 9 = 1650 sin (8.7267 t - 1.5708) - 900 sin 8.7267 t (6 )
5 4 ^) Natural frequencies are given by:
ml 0 kn k 12 Xi
+ (1)
0 m2 k2i k 22 X2
200 500
where m j = mass o f pulley = ^ - Ib—sec2/in ; m 2 = mass o f motor = Ib—sec 2 /in
386.4
Xi = amplitude of pulley, X 2 = amplitude of motor,
E 1 (30 (106)) ( £ i2' »

= 32.3210 lb/in
(903)
Frequency equation becomes:
5 -4 8
(— mx + k u ) k 12
= 0
ki 2 (— cj2 m 2 + k22)
or
(m i m 2 ) k / — ( k n m2 - f k22 m i ) u ? + ( k u k 2 2 — k ^ ) — 0 (2)
From knowndata, Eq. (2) can be expressed as:
0.6698 <J - 11563.2894 (J + 7.3108 (106) = 0 (3)

Roots o f Eq. (3):
(J = 657.26642, 16606.5300 (4)

or
coi = 25.6372 rad/sec, (ü2 = 128.8663 rad/sec
1. Model the bicycle and the rider as a two d.o.f system as shown in figure.
2. Find the equivalent stiffness (ki) and damping coefficient (ci) of the front wheel in
the vertical direction.
3. Find the equivalent stiffness (k2) and damping coefficient (c2), if applicable, of the
rear wheel in the vertical direction.
4. Describe the road roughness under the wheels as yi(t) and y 2(t).
5. Derive the equations o f motion of the system subjected to base excitation.
6. Solve the resulting system o f equations to find the steady state response.
(a)
Choose unknown coordinates as x(t) and $(t). Equations of motion:
m x = — k ( x — £ 9/2) - 2 k (x + ^ 9/3) + F(t)
J0 6 = k (x - € 9/2) [t/2) - 2 k (x + £ 9/3) {€/3) + F(t) {€/*)
5 -4 9
?
or
Equations o f motion with coordinates x(t) and #(t):
For m otion along x:
M x = — k x — e x — (m e/ 2 ) 9 cos 9 - m x + (m £/2) 92 sin 9 + F(t) (i)

For rotation about O:
Jc 0 + (m ^/ 2) *0 /2 ) + m x {£ cos 0/2) = - m g ( / / 2 ) sin 9 + Mt(t) (2 )

Using Jc — m , cos 9 « 1 and sin 9 ~ 9 and neglecting the nonlinear term
involving 9 in Eq. (1), Eqs. (1) and (2) can be rewritten in matrix form as:
(M -f m) m <f/2 c 0 k 0 F(t)
'+ ■+
m ¿V2 (Jc + m ^ 2/4) 0 0 0 m g^/2 Mt(t)
5 -5 0
5.51
N = normal reaction between cylinder and tráiler, F = friction forcé, R 1} R 2 =

reactions between tráiler and ground. '
Equation of motion for linear motion o f cylinder:
E F = mx2 or m x 2 = - F — k 2 (x 2 — (1)
Equation o f motion for rotational motion o f cylinder:
= Jo 9 or J0 9 = F r (2)
,
■where r = —
J0 1 m r2 and J oa = ------------
X2 “ Xl .
2 r
Equation o f motion for linear motion o f tráiler:
2 F = M xx or M X! = — k x X! + k 2 (x 2 — x x) + F ( 3)
Eq. (2) gives
Jo 9 i i x2 xx
F = — — = — (— m r ) = Y (x2 - X l ) (4)
r r k2 j
Substitution of Eq. (4) into Eqs. (1) and (3) yields the equations o f motion as:
3 m .. 1 , , ,
x 2 - — m x x- k 2 Xi + k 2 x 2 = 0 (5)
(M + y ) * i - Y *2 + Xi (k, + k2) - k 2 x 2= 0 (6 )
5 52) ^ N a ia r a i freffien cC es oí = 100 000
From prokfem 5.5, io U>/¡*
( / _ * ,+ U
1,2 — + ------
2m | Zm 2.
+ /-i í i- * 2.
mi
H- m, 1y _ m , ir>2 .
5 -5 1
£9* 6 , 6
1,2. ?XI O
^ 28 x lo« 2.0 x. io ^
1 * 0 x / o 8
or
Cá, = GG • B^/OS rad /sec.
£¿z = 2 0 8 * 8 5 5 7 raA / sec
( h ) X y i í { : icl L c o n d ib ío n s ° f _ the__sy s t e m :
Le-t V2 = initíc^l v e io c ié y o f c u n v il a.nd fro-m e j u s t a - f^ e r

■¿iie ¡nrtfjo-cb o f iru-p
From conservaron oj£ m ím e n t a m f>r«'ncr^le,
rnornen'tam "fufa jílu-s momenfum a-nvt! jixsb Leôre impx^c-t

— tnom entam o / plus momentü.m o f c u iv il ju s b a s ffe r ñ-npa-ct
\-e.> V tu f + â.n vc'1 < » - .+. v z ( f e ,)
U/fiere = velociby of rekound o-f ¡m b a -c t

fiih o ,
C o e f f ic ie n t of m M . u t iO Y x vefoofy a ffc r
\ rdot-'jriVe- r e lo c iiy b e f a re irnpo-'C.t/
i-e-, * _
“ " v- ' * - • % . (% )
From Egs. (■£,■) a n d ( E 2 ) ,
U ,= 111tu¡c 2 ^ u ¿ ( i + e ) ^
+ " V ttv í¿
Fot j i y e n da-Fa-,
5000 ( f 8 o) fi-f- O. 5^ /
= -------------------------------------— - = 12.’ %5~7I w '/ 'í e c
10 5 OOO
X n l i i cuí c o n (At-bco-ns o cre :
^-\C°) = O , x, (o ) =. o
Ocz ( o ) - 0 ; ¿ 2 (o ) = »2- , ? 5 7 í <V

>/5ec
5 -5 2
( * 0 Di'sja \cLcerr\e.Yii:s of- cunvi I cunA. fouriáa^Con tío cK :
We co.» a s e re su lfcs of s e c t e or» S’.B w ikk ^3= o .

yCO — fc,, i¿f0 ooo / v £
r, = ^ L . = * 1 + 1 _ - - 7 ^ ( M o l - o ? 6 ) + 9*16
vfO fc,. ; ------------------
X ' *■
= 1-2342
r2 r x ¿ ') _ - w i ^ -e (<r 3 i z o . (,?¿) + ? x , 0£
x ' 2’') *2. e X(06

= - I-I34I
R e sp o n se o / -irte sys-bem ca,r» te Comû/beeJ u S in j • (*5 ' I# ):
X ^— ! *2.^ 1^ /" 12 •257Í

1 rr r, (1 rwr, /) = — — ■" ( - 7. “ ) = - ° - ° S !S 3 m
- 2 . 36*3
X.fZ ) !---- /( ¿X *2-A\ i1 f (2 . - 2 5 7 1 \

~ r - r 7T ~ J ---------------------------- - r r r r i = - 0 .0 2 .5 3 3 fn
r2 - r l VC^l?2., //
V -- 2z -. 36*3 V
O fo
0 \ * *
-I
i * (O
0 f * - í
f?espanse ís 31*ye n t y *=gy •( -
x ,(-t)= eos £c*9,fc + 0 , ) + eos ^ ¿ ^ ■ + ^ 2 ')
= - 0 '0 8 i$ 3 CoS (66- ^ÔS t + - O -O ZS?? CoS f z o í - Í 5 5 7 “" r ) «n.
fX z (i:') — T, x í ^ a>5 ('oí»,t -f ^z') -+• r¿ x f 2^ eos-
= -O'IOIO eos (s£ . ZLf-C>8 -fc -i- -f- 0 *02 ? Vá7 eos (zoS*-£ 5 S7 £ — ^ ) «n
5 53) N cL.ku.rciJ. £ re .fiu e jn c t'e S :
EgucL±i‘on.s oj1 mo-tion s m, x, + fc,x, - 1<( xz = F ,(t ) (O
^ 2 x 2 + ( * i + * z ) * 2. - * , *< = 0 ( E¿ )
Frequency eg,ua.é«bn:
— 09 Yn j -+- 1< | — 1c |
— o
'X 1 — m t)(j3 -+- k . - h i t <
5 -5 3
or f e | f e 2- _
-f” 09 + — o
Yn, m j. m i m ^
fe [ +■ fe2. __
+ fe| + '^ 2_\2’ fe I * 2.
Zm( 2 rn j m. / Vn,f^2.
Here m , - 2 « l05 W l= 2. 5x|()5 * ,= íso k io % /

o .n d -fci = 7 5 - „ l0 6 .
¡So X l¿?é 2 2 5 X lo6 ir

iSTQ x >o6 ^ 2 2 5 x»o6 \ 2 1 5 0 x 1 5 *1 0
— + —
4 X lo 5 Xio^ + 'U Zx lo 2 *5 x io' 5" x lo
= I5 o , / 5o o (rcu) / sec
•* 69, = 12.* 2 4 7 4 ra -d /s e c , U 9Z = 3 8 - ' 7 2 . 9 % rcu A / s e c
(fc) "Resfo o n s e ;
Asíumín^ ^ r° ¿rrltlaJ. Grn-^loterruS, trie Laîa-Oc ((=,) cwruJ
(E t) CfiSLm iré u/U Í É l -tl
* 1 ,^ * ,(¿ ) + 4c, * , ( ¿ ) - fe, XZ ( X ) = F J (^ )
YT72 / Í 2 X l ( ^ ) + ( * , + <^2) * x (* > - fe, * t ( * ) = O
i.e. ( v n ^ S f c . ) x , (S ) - * , x x( ¿ ) - F ,( ¿ )
— fc, X , ( ¿ ) + C Yrl2 ^ 2‘ + fez.) * 2.00 = 0

SbO xfcári cffe t iü lt gAc£¿
(Vi2. + fe» + fez)

% ,(* ) = j.F ,0 * ) O s)
^ 1 ^ 2 /$* ■+■ /51 ( “m, fe i-i-n n , 'fc2 4 - m 2 i<t) - f - ^ .fe z
fe|
5 *0*) = |
^ ,» ii + m, * . z + -+. fe,-f<.2
fo r -fcke fo rc in j fu.ncteón given, FW

■T A
fiO * ) = F W * A { ^ -
T - ? ) } - - W
Fbr tke g iv e n á¡¿tcz>, E^s. ( E3 ) to ( e 5) k c o m e
2-5 X IO * /5Z + 2 2 5 - x (O 6
x ,0 0 =
*5W
(VxioÍO + + S 2 5 x io “ /?* + íl 250 x 1o '2 )
/S H- 9 0 0
f;G*) - - (* 0
2 * lo5 + 3 3 0 x i o 6 /5Z ■+■ 4 5 x 10'
5 -5 4
( 5 0 X |0
* 2o o = Fi (A)
5 x (O10 /** -f 2 2 5 X lo 11 z? 1 4- 1 1 2 5 0 X 1012
30
F .o o ( e 7)
10* A* + (65 X|0? 4- 2.ZS XIo7
tó lí“ F, C -0 = z x io * [ ^ ~ ( Es)
Tê i'nvers'e ■¿rcua?|orms of (f* ) ( £ 7 ') y^sdiA cunj *
Egua-Fion S 0 / motion for f re e v'ib'rcL-'tCon o je e . ^ from (s’*2^)
fr » | * 1 H - ( T c , -f- c 2 ? ) ¿ ( 4 - ( f e , 4 - - í< 2^ ) x | - C 2 * Z - K 2 * 2 = 0
(* «)
^ 2 * 2 + CC 2 + C3 ) ¿ 2 . + * 3 ) ^ - CZ X, - ^ 2 X , = O
Asscxrruno irbe. solu-ttbn
/| V — ¿r*
* ¿ ( . 0 =■ w e ; * = 1,2
(^ 0 1x2- r e i ^ n '- t t e n a -¿
Y>7, /5 H- (C j4- C2.^ 4- (^ ( H- ^ ^ — CC2 ^ "+■ ^ 2^)
+ * 0 *>2 ^%- ( c ^ C j ) / * *
For o, n o n - ’trív ia ^ l S o lu b io r ) of Eg,s. ( e i ) ,
<«l + C c «+ c 0 ^ + *t + *t - ( c 2¿ + * ¿ )
=. o
( c 2 ¿ 4- * a') m2 ^ 4 c 3) ¿ 4- * 24- * 3
í- e •>
^ ^ 2^ H” ^ {^^1 (fz.4- £3^ -f- r>l2_(c |-f-C2L>)3 "F ^ J^H I 2.4" *-3^
+ ( c (-t-oz) ( c z 4-c3)_|_ m2 (^(H -^ 2) - c 2 3 -f- ^ [Cc i + c ¿ ) ( k t + * ¿ )
+ Cc * + c 0 (* ■ + - z c z 1cz J 4_ [ ^ 4- fe3) - k 2 ] = o ( e 3)
Tk¿3 c¿z™ jj-e QUj&uMzA. a-i
-f a,, ^ 4- a,2 a , 3 ¿ + a, -o ( e¿ )
U /h e r e Qjq 3 Qj^ , . ••, <X»¿^ Ca^-r» /(/■« \rg_ Co-rr\^DCí7Z¿rr^
G p - ( E ¿ ) o^ A ( E 3) .
5 -5 5
Mairare of £ o fSi'íle solubConS:
^ 1, ^ 2 j ^ 3 CLmÁ %L¡ o n z - ff e YOobs of ( £ ¿ f ) , ~fce.
flen e.ra,l So\ubior> o f Ít>e s y s b c m ccl* loe £ x~ jp re sse d a ¿
x itc ) - <T, e e -f- e + ^, e

W xn ^ ro ^ ¿*.fc ( 3) <s3 ¿ o )
xzl* ; = £2 e -ir ^ e + &z e ■+■ ^ e
W ^ ere -Hê ü7yv£^CLA~¿S ^ ¿ c — / "fe 4* > oa^ b e fcru ^ n -Á
fro m bine fou.r fni-fcud ccndíbtons of #r* Sysbe.m> namel^

*-|(°)> it-iC9) ^z C 0) ' T/ie ra-'t'<‘o«f' °j- cL.mjolibud.es
f f , C% C O COm [ je < f ¿ t ¿ ^ r r u ln J l c ( fro m G^2 • ^ É ja f) ^
"£, C» ¿i -f- -í=2. tr?t (ci + c 3')^t- + -f<2.+ 1<3
^ 2 ° *»I A . + ( c , + c a. ' ) x s ¿ + . f c , + c 2 ^
¿= 1, 2 . , 3 j ¿] ( £e)
an^ root Ko^ a. (ôSt-fcíve reaJ jpart ,
wtll m c re a .se Wibh b\me , xj^ aXÍ A¿ Aove ne^cubíve rexd jsacrbs
CüS
Ái = - r¿ + * V¿
■fteri -irbe S o lu b ío n , x,(b), can be ex^ ressej
x ,m = I
/ - 1
^
¿= 1
£f fc/0 r o o !? /*, a y r j cure c o m p l e x c o r tju jc ^ b e s
/í| = — ^ F| -f- •<-' ‘Zc7í cu rJ /^ 2 — ~ ( r i — ¿ ^ i ') j
x ,( - t ) ca^t be ex^preffi'ecí ¿u
*lO ) = is " ^ ^ [ ü / ' ^ c oi W¡-¿ ím W ¡ ¿ } -
+ e r' * [ 'C ,^ coi w; t + -o sin w¡ ¿ 1

, (’ ) í j * . f O V
Si ^ ■+■ s
S im ila r cxpreSfions cecrt be d e rived fo r ocz ££).
5 -5 6
K n o w tt d o J lo » : w r- ^ 2 = lo > « i* = Z °°° > *3 - 2 N / mJ
C , =. JO 0 N/- s/ r n j C 2 r ^3 = ¿ W - S/ rn
,x , ( o ) = f l * 2 m i x .2Co) = o .| m ^¿ 1 f ° ) = fe ) = 0
E^ S • C E 3 ) andl £4 oí the soluti’o n ofP r o b f e m 5.54 ?'V e
cu0 =. v n , = l oo
a, = f o f O + 10 0 ° 0 - /o3°
a ¿2 = 10 ^ 2002 ) + /O I f l ) i- lo - I = ^0221
a >3 = lo I( 2002) -f- 2 (*4 -0 0 0 ) - 2.(1 )(iooo) = 2-Qéz.oi
Oj^zz ¿fooo (zooz) - 4 Xio^ = 4 . 0 0 2 0 0 0

a sr d
loo / £ % lo30 &0 221 2 p é 2 o 2 X - { - lf 008 OOO - O (Eí

USínJj V R O G R A m * tbe roo-bs of %' (^ 0 cajn ¿*s j-our7 ¿?( a-?
-* 1, 2. = ~ / ' 4-7 /¿f ± Z 2 - 8 Z1 Z (E¿)

^3,4 = -3'67*¿ ± i ZZ-oGGZ CE 0
T huS the Solutíon is gíven by
k (-h \ - y* ^ a l\ ^ ( > ) /£« ¿

« ,(* > - S r , e , V t ) = S O ,1 e ; ( ^ E f)
wFere ^ , j = |,2.,3j 4 - ca-n Le J o u n J ifrom -H>e iniii'aJ.
CondChonS, a.nJ ¿Le r&t.bs Gj? cLm^líûcfer ÍJllÍ! l au » k
o k F c u 'n e d f rohr1 £7,, ( f e ) in prohlem f.i^ g : /
g l _ c 2. f e + ^2- fe + 2 .0 ° °
ir /w = -------------------------------------
mi f e -t -fe -t -fe ),^ + kz ¡0 ¿ J - + la l ¿ ¿ - , . 4 . 0 0 0
¿ = *,2,3, 4 f e )
For ¿ = 1, ^ - _ i.íf.TtLf -j- i g . 22.72 arvJ (fe ) g ír-eo1"
fe = e ’ / = 0-62 0 7 - « O. 1 239 (£ 7 )
Fo r ¿ ~ Z, f e = . -t.t f.-f líf - ¿ g . g 2 7 2 fe ) g .V e í
fe = '¡ S Í/ 'e / ^ = (J-é207 +<; o - i2 3 7

. (fe)
For f e 3, ¿3= - 2-6726 -f- ¿ Z Z ' o e e S a u rJl ( f e ) 7.el<Js
fe = C| = — I- 3 2 OS - í 0 -7 7 5 2 (% )
5 -5 7
For Q. = - 3 'G 7 2 G _ ¿ 2 2-06 6 * aÂ Q e ¿ } î'elds
^ = £ I^ / / V z (7^ - “ Í^ J O S » + ¿ o m s s ( E{° )
TûS th e S o lu tio n of B^s- ( E ¿ ^ cuy-A (*=5") ccun be re w rC ib e n ¿m

^ z^/N 4 vt 4 X 't / x
V * ) = ¿ a 2w e ’ , Xz ( t ) = 7 e CE u . e i O
> -l * ¿=l
Since -fc),e ¡pa¿r * (°ti ? * (^ z > °¿i f) , ( ^ 3 j ¿¿t) c^rte-
C o vrâJ^ x. C crr^ ^ A ^ J L s i \jJ-jl o =un ejc^ ze¿< ? th e m cu i
^ 1 ^ 2 .= \ k ± L 7 j X ‘y OÍ3 í ^ = K ± ¿< ^Z l ^ ^
¿ I , ¿2. - w, t ¿V , j ¿ 3 , ¿2 , = ^ 2 .± ¿ v 2 J
cw ^ l (£ ,| ) a/r'-d ( îz^) (- Q' n ¿ i V n j d i f ’jte J J u r ^r î e r ' H ow everj
We jsroCeecJ ¿irecb lg w íH ( E h) cl*vJ (E / i* ) Cb*T^

inífciaJ. condrtúom 'fcí evaduadre th e cans-ta■ bs = \ ,2,3A .
■V f n \ - ^ ^ 0 ) -J T (í) ^ , = (3^ -J W ') - O 'Z

^-¡( P) — °^| ^ 2. +■ ^ Z ^2. 4" *t" ^=2.
t f ° + « 2C O + 4- 'C . — O -l
*4°> =
co ' (£ w)
^■|(a) ^ í 6^» 4" z^z ^ 2 ^ 2 . + ^3^3 ^T¿ ^
O )
^ .0 ) = ^ , ^ + ^ 5 = O
G iic e ’é ’gf ; ^ = Ii 2-i 3., ¿f Q -Te j-r o m E ^s ■ O l < í ) ,
/Fe cti£¡^» laúceme nFr oj- ma-sfes X|(F^) qjv^ ?cz (-b) can te
o b tcu n e J USing Efrs * ( E n ) C e lz") •
f I j: ¿ = a , + ¿ L , ¿ z = ( a ^ - t 2- ) + ¿ (2 « -* 0
_ CL+ b i
H X = 7 > ib cezn te rew rt-tben a^s
c+ *
_ C «- + ¿O C c- d O _ f«-c + l = J \ , .Y L e - - £ \
■ cci + ^ ) v c* + ^ /+ ;
5 -5 8
09 = H ? ( ,Zo° ) = 125 . 6^4 rc L d / s e c
5.56] 50
FjC-t) — -me (j3 cos ca t F i ( 't ')
CoS í2 ? ' 6é^
= ( 2 2 -<oO¿fL+ CoS \ i s . £ 6 ¿ j . t Uo Fz a )
Vn , = £0 0 / 3 8 6 . 4 = 2-0704 S/T n
vn t = ZOO0 /3 4 = 5-, ( 7 6 0
^ 1 = 2 -0 0 0 ^ > /'n 3 1<2.= *000 t t /w > c 2= 200 &* “ f /í n ■» ^ ¡o = I2- 2-’ G0 ***+>
F io = ° *
a ^ Txxóticm aJUL ^SuijS-bí-fcu-fce * 1“ 1*2. » C, = Cz , mf =■

F| = 0 , -kz - 1<| j Cz - O, mz - m | 3 /=" = F, y * 3 = O , C 3 = O in ^ . C 5”*3)
m2 o •fc^-e te i -
TT1| — te, te. (F ,(^
OT
F, C-t >?
CxP m p cu ri'n g ( £ 2) wí-tU % * ( 5 - 2 7 ') , u e ¡f.’n d
™n =■ ™(> rn¡z= O} m22 = , c„ - o, cl2 = o, C22 = cz ? =• te|* *12 = 0 am£^
^ 2 2= t e ,+ '
$j?|? Iioa/fcfon o£ Eg. (5*-3l) leczds to
Zn C = - G9~ Y*u H- ¿ o ? /c |, = _ rr., 65 -f- fc 1
Z ü ( ^ ) = — c l 2+ * (i = - *1
Z 22 ( ¿ 69) = - 03Zr^zz 4- ¿65 ¿ 2. 2. -+- fc22. = _ rn 2_¿<5 2'-f- ¿69 c 2 -k, + 1í z
Response o£ tke. System axn te ex^resy&J czs

^ (-fc ) = X- e <í^fc = Xv eos cát: (real bo-r-fc)
3 <*
With Xj give-r ty E^. (5T.3 5) :
X , (* < ») = z 22 ( ¿ C&) ■ F,p - Z , Z (¿ C J ). F2o
Z n (¿U>). Z^z(¿C3) _
5 -5 9
(” ^ 05 -V- fc, ■+ F(0
C- ™' ^5Z + f c /) (-vrv 2 CJ2’ + ¿09 c z + fc,+ -fei") — fc|¿
5 *1 7 6 (<25* 6 6 ^ ) 2 + ¿ ( l Z S ' 6 6 ¿ f ) C 2’ 0 0 ) + 3 0 0 0 } < 2 2 *6 0 4 4
j [ j Z 'O 7 0 ¿ f ( / 2 g . é é ^ ) Z + 2 0 0 0 ] [ ^ 5 - l 7 6 ( l z S . é 6 ¿ j f + ¿ ( j 2 S . 6 6 < f)fr o o )

-}- 3 o o o ] — 4 x 1o j.
= ( — ¿iO • 0 0 4 - 2 — 0 * O j7 |*? ¿ j x |¿*^ fn
X1 (¿c&') - ^ n ( cag) F,o -F C'*-^) Fz o __ fc Ff0
Z „ ( ¿ c * ) Z ta. ( ¿ * 0 - Z -^ tf) Z II(C < * }Z 7J Í £(* ) - Z Í ( £<*')
2 0 0 0 ( ^ 2. 2. - 6 o 4 - V ) , N -4 .
O* 3 22.1 -+■ O - Z ^ s Í)
( 2. 4 . Í2.72 - 7* 71 4 3 " t >) (o*
_ -fc, - fc , = ^ g ( /2- ) _ 16 E co i 3
5 .5 7 ) 1 Ji - 3--
-
Eûa/kt'ottS oj- mo-fcri'on. *

“1 T
m, x, +■ fc, x, + fcz (*,- * 2.) s F ¡(t)= F0 eos 03-t ■* X,W F ,(t)
tc2
A *.
m z tcz + ^ ¿ ( X í - 'x - i ) = 0
m2
/\$S umí rxj ia r m o n ic respon se 1
x-zO b)
691
x ; ( fc) = x ¿ co*
- ( e ¡/‘ c i d
( f c 2 - m2 o5z ) Fc
X, =
(ki-f-te-2.— 631 ) (" ^ 2 - m ^ C j2 ) - fc^
fc o Fo
X2 -
("fc , + f c i - T»I| <69^ ) (" f c z - — fc2
R>r no S tecLcly S-bcL,te. v ib rcu b fa n o -f ’t'fi be.a.m 3 X i — 0

CLnd lie n c e "the c o n c í ftV o n "to te. s a /tV -r/V e d |S
JÜ L = 05'
m
of mobCoti ‘
(e .)
W, X, + (>,+■ fe2) * 1 - fezx í = F.(t) = Fo Sin U>i
<« « . . .
m . x, -f fc jX ■— ( E0
5 -6 0
We use F0 e * ' ^ t (wi th i - f 1T ) for F -lW o -"d consíder only
th e ím.a-g i n a-rty b a r t a-t th e e n d .
Let <x.j (t) = e > ¿. = t.z
Egs.CE,) a.„á (E * ) becom e ;ü )t
_ m, G31 X, 4- ^2.) e -^ 2 X2 ^ =■ Fq e
¿£ot £ íO t icat = O
- m. co x2e t xz e - X, e
i-e - - - - Ce 3)
[z ( ; « ) ] X = F0
ul- * ” * - I S } . 5 = Í Ü 'i-
z „ F fl) z (1C¿ca)
z i , ( í&9> z w cím>
Z;,(ics) = - « .,c s 1 + fc,+ « 2 , Z |1Cíw ) = z tl(ies)= -k j.,

Z 22 ( ¿ 6 5 ) = - Y n z idl -h K z •
E g s .(5 .3 5 ) 9 -v e
X l( ^ ) = (-" • * » " + * O F „
( —Yn J C52" 4- í<| -i- ^ -z ') (” ™z 65 + ^ 2") — ^ 2
*2 Fo
X z (^ ) =
( - v n .í O 2' ^ * 2) ( - m i G9a’ + fca.') -
S.Vice F0 s,n asfc = I m ( F0 e £ast ) , *^(F)

*¿C-, = £i» (Vx -^. e" “ )= s.'n u t
•■• x l ( t) = * 0 F° ________________________ s;n
*,+■ * t ) C - ,r"*c* N ' * 0 - f<2

__________ *¿ Fo____________________
*2(t) = •S\n 6 9 1
(r m! «,+• <g2>) ( - - m 2 C0 1 4- ft-T) -
E guafrions of w o tío n :
Ye, COS a t
5 *59^ m( x¡ = - * fC * | - > ) “ *z ( * |- * ¿ )
= - tz (x z-
or m, x, + (fc ,+ *¿2.) x ( - fcz x 2 = fc, Ya eos cot - (e()
m2 + ^2 ^ 2 — ^2 X / = O - - (E i)
As tiñere »
‘s no dampínj the míiis^s y JIÍJipJ jL eltíGth
Cm ¿jy- |g0® a u J r <5^- j>íi£Ltó -u jiJ fr ruU kpzjxfc ~tz
ite - Ij GAZ m e fe n . Hcvt-Cíl t f e _ T u ¿# fcm ¿£. ca m . &c. ta jcz r n . a-3
5-61
* ¿ 0 ) = X¿ 0=5 6 3 1 ; > = i,2 - - ( E j )
EgS. am J C^í') ñ-zALuJU- ~tó
( — (£ W| - f i í f - t -^2.^ X , — 1
Z 2.z í l c ? ) = - 6S2" rn2 + ^ ¿ •

EgS- ( 5 * 3 5 ) a-nd 9 ‘ X€
^ C t) = ( - < ^ + * 0 * , Y G=r5 o t
( - Vn1 C92" 4- -fe, + *-z) ( - -«2.) - Xz
K I ^ Z Yo
cst
(5-m,632'4- ^ > 4 î)(->YT72.032--t- ict) -
^ u c z t io n s of m oE ion : k, - 500 w/m

rn, = vn2 = t <<g
'm, Xl 4- C<~,~*~Ct) X| +(^1+ *4
<!ü3t c, = Cz - c - z o o
- c 2 3c1 - t < 2 x 2 - p r t ) - E e r ~ l mi l ¡F x t)= ñ ^ ^
N -4 4 ,
09= t r< xd /¿
^ 2 *Z + c Z +" F-2 * 2 ~ C2 * I
- F 2 .X , - O
Let ^ C t ) = X ^ e ‘ Mt i =1.2- j x 2(t)

EgUa-FíOns of m o tio n kecom e.
[ - t s 3’ !*, + Í C J (C,+-C2.) 4. fe, + * 2J X , _ ( ¿ 6 9 C z - f * 1) x 2 = F0 - - - (e ,)
- ( ¿09 Cz 4- *z) X, 4 [ - G 9Z r n ¿ + ¿ 6 3 C 2 + fcj ] X2 — O — (e 0

For gíven daicv, ( £ f) cuvu^ C ^ z ) tecome
/z p » ;3 x = H — c o
Uê rc Z „ ( ¿ 69) = 4-00 ¿ 4- 9 3 3
Z (z G ^ 9 ) = Z z , ( > 6 9 ) - - zoo i - 5 0 0
Z * z ( i & ) = z o o i +■ 4 9 9
Solectron
*- ü;} ■*- &-(•}
o f (E ?*) is , u sin g E g s .^ s .3 5 ),
5 -6 2
__ (^2 0 0 Z + 4 9 9 ) fe ( 2 0 0 + 4 9 9 ) Fo
( 4 0 0 Z -f- 5 3 9 ) ( 2 0 O * + 4 9 3 ) - ( - 200Z - S o o ) 2 (Í3 4 4 ^ 0 2 + 2 0 2 5 0 1 ^
(loo i 4 4 91 ) (if? 400 2 + z o 2 5 o i) Fo
(19 9 4 0 0 x 4 2 o 8 5 o l ) ( - | ?9 4 o o x 4 2 0 8 5 0 1 )
= (1 7 -2 9 1 5 mo ^ - 6 -9 4 4 4 x lo"4 ^ ) fe ( E4 )
(2 0 0 ¿ + 5 0 0 ) fe (^200 2 t 5 o o ) F0
£
C4 0 o a.-^s93)Q z o o ¿-h 4 9 9 ) - ( - 2.0 0 * - ?o o ) (l 9940o ¿ + 208 J O l)
^ ( 2 Q O ¿ + 5 o o ) ( - . | y ? 4 o o ¿ + 108501 ) Fp___________
( j 9 9 4 0 0 ¿ f 2 - 0 8 5 0 1 ) ( 1 1^400 i - f - 2 o 2 5 0 | )
- ( í 7 - 3 I 65 xio"^ - 6‘ 9 éS,4 x 10^ x ) fe ------- ( ^ * )

FcnaA 4 olu.-h’or» is 9¡Ver> -tAe recd* JxajcFs
X ,(t ) = R e ( x , e t69^ ) = Re ( x , gtS GSt + l X, cot)
= R e [ ( l 7 - 29|S x i c T ^ - 6 .9 4 4 4 . x í Ó ^ Z ) £ C pSot
+ ( (7 * 2 9 1 5 K i o ^ i - + 6 * 9 4 4 H ( 0' ^ ) Fo ^ 69t 3
= 17*2915 m o "* ' Fo O rí c á t -t- 6 - 9 4 4 4 K ló ^ Fo ^ 03-t ( Es )
X 2 C^) = Re ( x 2 ) = Re ( X2 cot + ¿ x 2 ^ c ¿ t)
= Re £ ( l 7 * 3 1 6 5 X f o ^ - 6 - 7 6 8 4 x i< f4 2 ) Fo a * o 9 -t
+• ( / 7 - 3 Í 6 5 x i o 4 X 4 - 6 * 9 6 8 4 * ío” ^ ) Fb ^ o st ]
j _________ .= 1 7 - 3 ( 6 5 xi¿~^ Fq CtfS 031 + 6*9684 *có4 fe ^ C&t --------- ( £ 7 )

/- \ EoujaJXoTví o i m otb n : , , _ _ ¿ü 9-t s
gjN ® Vn, X, + (*,+ (¿i) X, - Í<2,x2 = Fl0 u ¿ c s i = Re ( F(0 e )
^ ™ 2 X 2 .+ ( * 2 + * 3) x 2 - f<2-X l = F2o CoS C 3 t = Re ( f ^ , e tCi3t )
A s s u ^ in j x ¿ (4 ) = X¿ e ¿ ^ . ¿ = I,z ojongu^k lj(¿) = e ¿csti ¿=M ,

■fche e g u a J r /b n s o£ m o-b ión ca_n ¿>e e x .p r e s s e d a-s
^■Íi9*,tw i+ * 1+ ^ 2.) X , — £2 Xa. - Ff0

- f c 2 X, -+- ( - co2- m2 + « 21- fc5) X 2 ■= Fzo
*e ' fe (£«) J x = fe ( O
w k ere Z„(¿69) s-O Í*™ ,* f e ,* * 2 , Z , z (x 6 9 ) = Z 2|C * ^ ) = - * 2 ,
Z z z t i e s ) = - 09r m 2 - f R 2. + ^ 5 ,
i-fu} - í- r ¿ }
5 -6 3
Solu.-bíow of (e ,) ccun be ex.J?ressed, using Egs • ’ 35) > as
+ 1<Z + *l3 ^ F(0 + p2.0 (e \
^ t 2. 2. 2.
(-G 9 ™, h- k z ) ( - es m i + 4<z + * 0 -
fc* fío + ( ~ t ü1' ^ z o

x2-
C -0 9 2' m , -f- £,+■ ^ í ) ( - ( a l m 2 f -kz-f- ^ 3 ) - ^z
&iYice X , <a-nd X 2 cxre re^L F 5‘ h c e th e re ,'j n o c ta rn p m j) J t b e

f i n a .I s o lu -b to n ís «given ^
X ,C t) - X , a rf 6 ?t
%2(t-) = X x G?S G3t
Q&jQU. X | q-n-ici X 2 gÛ. ^cV^rn jjrj (*=Z^> CÔ * __________
F ro m t h e solubion o f problem 5.58, we have

x = (- m z ó S ^ K Q Fo______________ S ií n 691
C -m , g 9 * > * , f <¿z) ( - fct) -
■#c9 Fo Sin 69-t

*2 O ) “
( — m i C S 2--/- -íc, -f- (— ^ ■+■ ^ 2.^ —
F or th e J j J a . F jc t ) = 5 o .^ 4 T T t , Fo = 5 o N, 09= 4-TT m J /¿ ,
tT>,= 10 k jj , m z - 5 , -fc|= s o o o 4 ^ 4 , cuvJ -fei= Z o o o N /w <
x .c t) = C-s</6 ^ + 2° ° ° ) g0_________________________ ín 4TT-t

Sin
( —10 x 16 "ir2- + 8000 ■+■zooo)^- s~< 16 TT2, + 2 0 0 - (E o o o )1
= O* OO 4 7 7 3 /5-¿-n 4 TV t rnc.te.rs
2 0 0 ° C ? o ) ________________________________________________ ^ 4 T r t
( —lo < 16 1T1 + S o o o •+■ z o o o ') ( - 5 y 16 TT2--*- z o o ó ) — (2 0 0 6 )
O. ni£ lá í? /^vn Air-t meterr

mi
N -^1 = to"ta.¿ s t í f f n e s s = Soo N / m
*,(*) / " i
w »63y -i< 2 —- t o t a l ¿ h i f - f n e s s = 6o o W/m
^ f /
vn, = ^ ™2 = f W1 /
X= 0-2 m, 69= TT r a j / ^ x,(F> y y
*\/ /
&£jAJo3lcynJ o f -m dtusn :
Yn,X, = - -fc, ( x , - £ ) - ' H^ (-fc )= Y ACnCüt
^ Z XZ = - * 2 (X 2 - x |)
í-e. tDj X, -i- Cfc,-f- fcz) * I — f=tx i = ' í c | ^ = ' f ; | Y ^
YníX2 + "f<2*2 - fc2 *l - °
5 -6 4
/\SSum¡ng (ir) = X* ^ c-9t ; i- 2.; ^
C^Vn, c a V * » + « i ) X, - *2 X* = * .'!'
—^2. x j ■+• (—rr>2(j^1 + ^2) x 2 = °
Fbr 9¡vea d L d á ., e ^ ^ & o r v s fe**. tfc_
( _ 5o TT2' -f l ^ o o ) X, - 6CO *2 = ( * O o ) ( o . z )
- 600 X| + (- 50 TT2 + é o o ) X2 -o
Solution of 't e s e ^¿v¿£i>X ,= - o - 0 6 4 6 9 ™ , X^= - o- 3 G k & <*
.*. X ,(t) = - 0 - 064-64 ^ TTt ™ ; x z ( t ) = - 0 - 3 6 ^ 3 9 4¿» Tpfc ._______
g fcfy&Aucrn'S o f rrvotj^Tn :
*1 + (^1 ■ f'^ O = ^ 1C " 0 ---------- ( B , )
^ 2 ^ 2 + C*Z+ ^ 3 ) * 2 “ *Z *1 = 0 (E* ) ___

L.Cojz£&-C£* fólCLseJi^tf1/VrU <5^. (E|") CLTrvrl OJ^- n (-t)T F x.^)
W |p x « fG*)--« x,C°) - x , ( ° > l +(>,•<-*2) * ,( - * ) - fc2 x 2(¿) = F,C«>

"zD* x 2(x )-^ x 2Co)- x*<» ]+ ( * ,+ fe» ) » r ^ ) “ =o ^ x¿(t)
R ea O iA a A ^ ór^ ffcxxt. eî-CLfeortí j i^rc < -#c3
- _ v _ , \ ^ "Wxtv7
( V i , * + * , + * 2) x ( ( * ) _ f e i x 2 OS) = F,C*) + 4 ^ i « If o > + , n , X l W ( E S)
— fc* x, (*) -+- (*r»2.X2'-f- ^ 2-t- fcs) pe2.0*)= **^ 2 X 2C°) -+■ m 2 x¿(o)---
W h en *| ~ ^2 = ^ ? — •fc ojvuJ m , = m 2- m , (%3^) (£ 4)
(m * * + 2* ) X ,0 O - f e x z 0*)- F, ( ^ ) - t - Z ** x , ( e ) -f- m * ,(°) - - - ( e 5)
- fc x lC* ) + ( r n ^ - f z * ..) X 2 0 * ) = X t C<0 + rn ^ ( o ) ( E g)
S A uÍT an a {. E £ ¿ - ( E y ") (XfnJ C E g}
__ ( n ^ + Z - f c ) £ F ,0 O + rn * ,(> ) • / * + Yn ¿ , ( 0; l + *: [m * 2 ( o ;. ¿ 4 - bi X 2( o ) }
X ,C ^ )= — ------------------------------------------------
(r n ,* 2--*- 2. -fe) (\ n 2*) _ fc 2-
X (¿ ) - f c { 5 C ¿ ) + *n + * )( ? > m j + ( i t x 2CO -^ -h m * z ( o ) }
(mA* + __ fc*
TW e e^ jx fe crru i ^ co m ¿ , -fty x , ( o ) = x 2( o ) = x, ( o ) = x 2 ( o ) = O ,
F(Cb) = 5 ' U ( t ) ^ F,(^) = j m —± asrJi f c= (o o s
X,C^^ = ■ g( ^ 2° ° > = _ . . ( e 7)
/* 2 0 o ) 2- - IO O O O ] /« 3 0 0 ) C ' * 2' + '° ° )
; _ (00 /_^.N £____ SOQ____________ ^ -(E y)

^ 10°y~ - (OOOol ^ ( ' 5Z“f_ 3° ° ) ( ^ Z + «Oo)
5 -6 5
By expresWny
— 5(¿t+ zo°)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ai t + As + Aq. & + As
f ¿ (¿ N - 3 0 0 ) ( ¿ Z-tlO o) ¿ ¿ z -+-IOO /? Z -f 3 0 0
x 2( ¿ ) = ____ — __________________ = — •+ s^ + g* -f * Bg
/^ (/S ^ -f-lO O ) ( 4 J'+ I O O ) * ¿t'+ K O Q ¿ z + 300
w e car» ímeJ A,, A2, . . . , B ,, (pcütfe^ ^ n ^ o fe r r v S mJfcrr! ^ .
tu -fe j_ _ i _ _ ? ___________ ---(% )

30,5 4 0 (^ + 1 0 0 ) 12.0 300)
(Elo)
$q/> 40 ( ¿ Z+ 100) 120 f ^ 2--f-?oo)
TnverSe Leu pía* ce. tra n sfo rm é of (Eg') c l^ J ( E |0" ) 3 «v e
*.c*> = ( é ~ ¿ ^ ,ot - ]fe <** ,0/? ^

^ 2 0 fc ) = f J — CS¿ (0 t 4- T ~ Cí^ /OJT t " ) TA(t)
^60 40 120 /
X ir ¿5 f e jtt Y U ítu J tk * * X, ( t ) = ~ ra fe t C1J^ Xz (fe)= gO
0312. t£L ¿ tn jtic ¿LjfcucJZcrnJ QJ^CrcZotzA b jiík S NJ /s fe t lc f¿UUL

a fífr lu A fe m ±- ¿t31 = (O 'roA a^J G 3X - 10 JT n& A / ¿
CÚlSL tkx~ tüjTO UsZfrori-CLsrJrglJU£jAJÍsr-C¿C2 0^hrX-¿¿lfcc_p( b jiJ jrC tk*_

■fejo cf-te^TJLt, G5^ jfTjLtdLxm ■
v FL^JJUSjoljLrtJz mQ-CA C^- C.^¿¿ne& th. u z tfc fvUytjzCcJr f e "X 2_ = ( lTI2')eg( “ 'rr‘2-“t" - %
5.65 9gâl¿cm¿ 0^- iW Can; Tn, x, - _ 1< ( x , - * ¿ )
O M ^ * 2 = - f c ( * ! - * ■ '>
í-e. rn, x ,+ fc x, - ^ Xz = o ( e, )
("1 + XZ + fc *2. - * X| = 0 CE l )
Assu-mlng x -C t) = Xz o ¿ (ü 9t + ¿ ) ; X=l,2 , E^s- ( E ,) cuwi (E2) ^
¿€ ^ U i f c v oí ( _ ^ ^ 4. f c ) X, - fc X z = O
_ fc X , + ( - 69*- [m 2 + _¿L ^ + * ) Xz. = O

Freyjü2soc¿^ ej^ L a JZ crn IZ : **
( 1 tn, CS2-* * ) ( - í/^ 2 - 65 + * ) - ^ = 0
or CS* ( 0*1^2 + ^ -j-^ ) _ g92 (wi-fc + w«2 ^ 4 í— ) = 0
/f t - n I A n , íc + 4 ÍL-5* ^ J o \ l /^2
65, - O , 05z - | V r 2- /X 1m 2 + r ¿~ j f
5 -6 6
O jííi^ J jL h fjtsr k ru j^ jX cá o d ^ j
Y o o f e n , referred ib f o í n t A , ¿ *
Jk
Ü1X . YnrZ
~ 7 T - 2- T
3W =
r 2- " 2. ■ K =
v ,/eZ c™ 0
( « ,,-) x, + = o
p rc^ U A T -c^ . e g ^ L a fcr i

- ( w , ) ^ U * + fc - fc
= o
— fc - (M z ) e ^ + ^
^ O 71' ) ^ C ^ .O e g id 4 - (S 1 L ( ™ » ) e £ * + (w 0 « g ^ J = l
ü . =o W i=
4- ^
3 rn
Cw i)« ^ Ô eg,
F¿?r fia^L^rvcrru-C. \rwtZori X -(F ) — X¿ Qt5 +■ ^ ") ; ¿ •= 1,2
JJ given e ^ fc o n ^ W ^ ( - W2 o,, + S>,) X , + C, X* = o
^2 x, -f (-69*0,2 + C0 X* = °
F re g u e n cj <¿* - í*9x a /i •+■ b ci
—o
_ — CS Oj z •+■^2. I
or 094 ( ^ i ^ 2 ) - G3Z ( ^ | C2 + fe,^2) + ( b , c 2 - C , ¿ 2) =

Condition fo r degenera,cy L? : t , C2 _ c, k2 —o
E g^ caíZ orví 0^.r r u jto n : J¡ 0 , + fc^ 0 , — fc^ ©2 = o
-+- fc^. © 2. — k j. &¡ —O
&>* 9 ¿ W = ® ¿ Grf(>9t-f-0); ¿=1,2,

2
_ 63 J[ -i- f c t - fcj r ©,
- *t —69 + fc~fc ©,
F r e ^ c j, e g ^ f e n i. ^ ^ ^ - o l ( r, * t + rt * * ) = O
6 9 ,= O , c*9, = /*■£ C ^ i f ^ 0
A m fc litu d e r a i i ‘0 ? : -io ,
• v* _ ®* _ - t íf j¡ + **
G e n e ra l Jo lu it'o n Js given by e^ uzlZ bn J Similar io E^s-. (s * is ). Vifch
0|C°) = ©2(0) = O > we oiaiá-Lrv frcrm e^yjoXjicr^- ûnlia^L "fe
o ,0 ) =
= J — { rz 0,(a) - e z( ° ) } = _ ("- ÜL 0 ,0 ) - 0 2Co) 1
©.
n -r , V Ji + j J 1- 3¿ J
^ e , ( o ) + ¿T2 e z 0 )
¿r, + J"2
CO
© = _ L j _ r, S | C o ) + e i ( ° ) f = -G jtf J L | e,f0> + e >f o ) 3
TV-.,
= - f ^ Q|^ ^ 02 (o) ?
C <77 -t- J i J
= & = O
0 ,(t) = 0 c,° ^ 0t + ^ Ccrí 692 t - _ ®^} + 69¿ t
0)
e2( t ) = ©í _ J± © f) axJ g92-¿
Ji
U/Kcn = 0, the s^steni becomes iJ e n h ‘ca.L to 'fe . cs£
-jpTííkljJ/r* 5.68 U ltti = -fc^ • KtóVmcJ? t ncnUts att¿.
0)
0)
i
co 7©? ÍO = © f° Ci>
©I
0)
0 ©i° '(% )
E^xafebri-íS cíj^. tn cC o ri ca m le yxíxdvXÍJ^. a-S
9 ,+
í t [e, - e2) = o (e .>
4 - = ° (E z )
S u ltra c tiV ig (Ej.”) ^rom (E ,) gives
(0, — é2) + (0 , — e z) (4 p - + í l ) = o ----------- ( E 0
v J, <r2 /
D e^ rx^ ^ _ 0 , _ © ZJ ( e 3") Ccun u l¿ lá $ L r . oJ
* + + - - - - (E^
tU < ¿í O/ e^LC^M yn -fa r id u t i -fe j-TuLCÛ-r^c# t?
» - í ¥ ^ ¥ ) - J S « p r = * , * H - - * • « ■
t N
Ni .1-5
— -¿2
5 -6 8
Since the length of shaft 1 is small and its diameter large, it will be very rigid and henee
the turbine and gear 1 are assnmed to be rigidly connected. This helps in modeling the
system as a two d.o.f. system.
Joi = + Jgearl + = 3° 00 + 500 + ( 1000/ 2.25) = 3944.4444 k g -m 2

1.0
(80 (109 )) — (o.i4)

32 v '
GJ = 7.854 (105) N /m
k t2 —
ahaft2
Jo2 — Jgenerator 2000 kg m
System is a semi-defmite system. Its natural frequencies are given by (see Eq. (5.40)):
= 0
CÜ2 =
V ht2 (Joi + J02)
Joi ^02 V (78.54 (104)) (5944.4444) = 24.3273 rad/sec
(3944.4444) (2000)
Natural frequencies are given by Eq. (5.40): m
oJi — 0 ; (¿2
V
k (mi + m2)
mj m2 V 6 k (m + M)
m M
Assumption: Balloon is a point mass.
s h a ,$ i = 6 QOO r¡>m =. .6 o q ^ ( 2.ZL2 - g 2 8 « 3 2 r a .J / 's e c
T o rS io n a i St i f f n e s s (sprínj co n stcL n í) of f h e b o i t o u / s t e e i sh £2-
- 7rS ~ <J¿ 1 ) _ TT C 11-5 X l» £ ) (2 * - \ H )

32 ü 32 /IS )
= 1*12^012 5 K(o^ ib ' i n / r a - d
N^-fcuraJ $refyixer\cies ¿>£ t h e system , given ¿>y a-n egîaiTon

s iV ita r to £g. ( £ * 4 0 i
^ , = 0, CS- ( J 'i - l - l 'O t 2 f MZÍOÍ25 Xf¡>S /íf + 2) ) 1

z~ 1 *T5T J = í ^ 3 ----------------/
= 9 2 o - 19529 r a J / s e c
Sficond m o j e síia^pe ís îVen fcy
o( =
(B>2 ~ J) _ I-I 2 Í0 (2 ? y ,o 6 - <4 ( ? 2 0 . 19529)'
® I
^ 2 I-Í290/2S X(06
5-69
or c* - - 2 >o ( E¿ )
Torg,ue trounsmUied befo re turblne is s t ©pped ( T ) :

63000 fb.pO 63ooo fioO ,7/
T = --------- ¡ t----- -------- ~ ( 0 So-O Vo-\rx
Sjjeed m r p m 6 ooo
In vi’ew o f ífie fo-ok fka-i 0 9 ,~ o C orresp on dí ío-me

a.ngulojr moiionS o f th e two mass m om ent s o / merticu , we
■ô-ve co n s ta n t Q jn ju la jr d i s p l c u c e m e n i s ound c o n s ta -n t
0-ngula.r ve| oCi’ t !es So fc/^fc ¿/,e J2ree W {,ra,tíon be

expressed
0, = C,-/- c 2 t + C3 eos C3z i f Ci, Sin 0S2 i
Q2 ~ e, + Cz t + C3 x e o s Cáz t + C ¿1 * C92 i
U/here g i j g z.> c 3 ¿wnd a-re ctsicrmineJ by H e in itC a ^ L
cond ¡íionS ‘
The to ta l inibiaÁ a-nâla-r ¿$ i's pla-cern e n t between fu r b in e
clviA g en era r ís gtVen by
s - - L - ( o 5 Q --- --------------— 7 - - o * o o o 9 3 r a - d = ( 2 > j - © 2. C e ¿ )
/0 I* 1 2 9 0 12 5 Xí66
The ín ít ía d ¿cnyula.r di’S p ía -c e m e n ts tfce inS'fá.nt' U/beh

turbme ís sndden¿y sto p p e d ca-n be ôund ¿y So f vm^
E^S- ( E i^ cu^ CE 0 5
® 2 “ — 2 (S> |
3 @ I~ o *ooo 9 3 or <¿í j z: 0*000 3 / ra<d
The íniti'cuí cuv\-^wXe-n ve. l ocí ¿i ' es ( ¿ p e e d ? " ) ect t h e mSfca-nt
wken '¿urbíne ís s io p p e d a-re gtVen by

(B)| = ©2 = 6 2 3 * 3 2 r a -d /s e c
USin^ the conditions1

0 , ( t = <5)= ® i = o * o o o 3 | p Q¿ ( h ■= 0 } zz ® z - - o >o o o 62. j
Q) ( i ~ o ) = © , ~ 6 2 8 ' 3 2 , é z ( t - o') ~ ¿g, = 6 2 8 - 3 2 ,
the c o n s fc a -m t ? c fj c^, c 3 c»-nn_d can be d e b e r m í n e d *
5 -7 0
COLiler s'^stern ¿ryAZesr*
GjjjjuoiZtrnA CT^ t n o f t c n oXíSL g « V c h by £ $ ’ f r ' i
For -tro.» le r: m x , 4- k (*| - **0 - 0

co
For c a r : M i ' 2 -f M * * - * ! } - ©
6^/vx Jtre e x ^ z^ S < J in m c JO ü K £
*•
yn O
*1 k X\
-f- C* )
o A^
*2 \c
For ^free VtbrcL't t o n S olu tríon 0£ Eg . C O .> w e cu&usrruz
• fia J ^ y r ijT Y ^ C fin ch a n :
'Z j '( t ') " "X / o * (cet + f y ') ; ¿ - 1,2 0 0
*fb o b t a ín
i
- Vr> C£> -f- fc - *< X/ o 7
CO
~ * - iM ¿ « S ^ -f * X2 o
T b e n a ,t u \ r a l ^ r e ^ u e n c i e j <yjL f^ e S ystrem < xre
g ív e n
- m 03 + << - fc
= o c o
- M ¿0% - k
- *
í* € •>
Trn Al C 9^ - ( M + ro ) * 0 9 2” = o ro
re-,
05a { m Al Ct9 a- (M + m J k j - ^ O (7 }
E g * C O g»ves -H íe n a iu r c J c f r e f f* & ^ c J J ¿ ¿ crl ífe

por H e gíven A o£& 2 0 0 0 IM ¿ /VI = 3000 JIM,
CUvJl “ 1 00 0 W > /» n > “f f t e r t a t u ^ io Á
o jio , given by
09, ~ O
0 9 , - / g 0 0 0 ^ = ~ 0 -3 1 2 9 ro- ^ f¿ ( ? )
For o s, ~ o s Eg ■ ( O 9 'v e s
10 O O - I 0 G 0 ] [ X |
0 ® )
- 1 0 0 0 <O0 O | / ^ 2
E £*(J<0 g ives ttre £ írzF m o ote ¿ls
& r — í.’ } O-
tolere o~>| í s cl» ccAx¿/teuvvír ■ fcg •OO 1ri ^ 1 s ri g í J

todg rr»of con aJlow j "tfe X - á ¿ re .c X ¿ O Y \ *
fox c ¿2 r o -9123; Eg* C O J iv e s
- 2 0 0 0 ( y } -M OO O — l o o O
— IO0 O — 3 0 0 0 (_5 _) -f-(OO0
“-666.6667 -(ooo ir *, V CO
- (OOO — (5oo J 1 x2 J
Eg •( j ^ ) g i v e s ffce ¿eccrtA r r u d lz /A\£l^ c qa
[ x ¿ 1 = ^ { - 1 - 5 } ' * 2 = C oníta-n
5 -7 2
I n ih 'c d v e loc í t i’e s :
X 2 (o^)= G m ., (© } = o C C ^ O
X ,(o} = - 3 fn ., X , (o } — o (ir a ile r )
fre e v íb r a /t* n response o£ ik e Ca y - tre u le r
S ystem ccun be ¿te-te r m i n e j o * m -frre Ox&e Ex«.vr»|ol<s>
5“*S* Tê fre e v* t r a e r t e n S'oluk('o<n m eoct TnoJe
ca*i W ex^ressed oJb

CO CO
(O X *1
x C O = C oS 65>
CO
><2
=- a. c o
co CO
7<- X,
CO Cos + 5^ 2 ^)
X 2
- CO
{ 1-5 1 C °- 9 ' Z 5 ^ + ¿O C2^)
T k e fre e v /b ra O o n S oluftbn for cun ^
ir u ^ X a J - C c r c d jd íE c p n J ccu r» e x ^ a ^ e ^ -iC o l ¿2^4 a jx r -C a H .
O rorJ U r^ J Z ory ^ f^ e rr i£ rJ j¿ M xa ^ A a j
x, ( O
m =■ = k + ¿o
x 2 r o
= c I ; c2 [ _ ; >s j . <** (o-9ia9 w 2)
w bere b j, b2 , C |= 0/ f ¿ ; anrvA C2 ~ ^2 ^2 oJve.
Unknoum coy, s U n ts- jk e Veloci+ies erg 1k e r r ^ ^ s

can be e x f r e s f e j ( g r o x r> C O ) <=-2 :
5 -7 3
X< C O * c2 } ( ° - 9129^ s , 'n ( ° l 9 l 2 9 Í + Of)
USÍ03 tfce g»Ver» \Y%\i:\oX C crnJU fcbriS J 3) Q J Y yxK Q f^
g.Ve
x (o*) = C, o * fZf; -f C¿ C o* ^ r _ 3 0 0
K 2 C O ■= C, OrSjzí, - ,,5 C2 CjA - Q Ce )
x , (O - - c 2 (o> 3 I 2.3') Sin ^ r o CT
(O - -f c 2 ( 1 * 0 (o ’ 3 123^) £ ,V i j ¿ 2 = 0 @ ^
E?s * ( 5 ) CO cay. be Solved .-for C) ; c 2 ^ / Wn i j
<q!> 2 ^ ^ 0 ^ s *
ftluLtijely Hg * C O 1*5 gut^C clJLÁ irke. r e s u i B Co
Eg * (¿s) to obicUn
2 • 5 c I CcrZ 0 | ■= I•5 0r C| C¿r5* ^ — Q> £ C$ )
ÜSe G¡- Ef *( 3 ) ,'n ) g i 'v e ?
c 2 <** $ 2 ^ 1 _ 3 .¿ ^
1*5 "
Divide E<£* (*7 ~) btj • ( 10} to othu'r*
— C2 ( 0 * 9 / 2 í?>) sin 0 2 Q
=■ O
C2 <¡¿2 -V *
or jc im 2 ~ 0
ar <¡¿2 = O or TT 0 0
I y> o r A e r to S a -fe *^ anrvAO O j u/e m u s t Aa.ve
c2 - ± 3 -6 0O
(JSmj Egí* ( O CUru3< O O p e x ^ te ^ í tfo. j Y e e
vrbrattOY) solu-h'óy? tk e c a -'c -'tr c U le .r ¿ y S t e m aA
5-74
= ° ’ £ + ? -¿ t ¿ * ( o ' * f ** * + ^ 0
X 2 (fe )- __ Ct* ( o ^ l í l t + f6 ¿ ^
~~ ° ' ¿ > + 5 - 1 / C or< ( o . 9 / 2 9 t f ^
lí^ A u ^ 0 qy- jx ~ aA a 2 ^ c £ ¿ c * -8 j& L p j £ % '( l l^ ) ‘
5 -7 5
©
0.
P rtt
?o~ * @2 )
L e t tfo. fenS ion ir» "Hre teL t itr e j>ul(e«f < x ? i^
J t r l v en be Ti • 1^ «x^rJl A írrJ ^ tk¿

¿7TV
^ -fa . , f e '* * * < H ¿ U r^ I ‘
tfa. u & tr <uTü^XÁ be ( r l e i - r 2. 0 ¿ >) • 'r ^ ca ^ e^
U íe te n s io n ir\ Uve beJLt~ to cJL o jy ^ -^ -' "fe ^ (? \^
crr» cm X ¿ i- n le a s rA f 0 — 1< ^ r , © | — ¿rn *ffc¿
o rfte r /Si'ííe* Tke j^& e, b¿nSUj J i^ o ^ L' a-Arr^ í t f c e }^ x A ^ u ^
/A>ûrr\ o^ ocve» xU e cfjy f\fe~UJ t~0n's
A * -L o rA Isx^ y- ¿ y r r y jjt c ^ ^ u lQ j^ JLl o A u L "fe
Fo r ^ td H h g 1 :
JI 8 1 = - {fo ■+ * ( r ,&\ - r 2 } r,
+ [ Po - * ( r , 0 , - r , ® * " ) } r , CO
5-76
por JaajJÍS l^ 2 :
rz e¿ =_[ p0 _ * ( r te , - r Z© z ')} r2
+ { P# + * ( r, e, -r 2©O 7 r 2 Cz^
Eg,S • fl ) GjtxA (2 ) Coun
••
<Ji g,i - h 2 f < ( r ) ©l - r 20 2) r l ^ o CO
t#
^ - 2 k C r ) Q| - r20a) r2 - O
F or -fW v.'k n x jf c o n , ^ n o r /f e n
cf£ -ffa . ^ t J K b j/ s aJ>
0 . ( 0 = ©; < ^ * (e o t + 4 p ', ¿ - '* a Cs^

^ *
Us,^ e^.gO > e^s. (n a^á co

- J, C5* ® , + 2 ^ 0 , - J t r ,r ; ® j - o (£~)
_ J2 LQ (&z -p 2 k r z ®z — 2 je- r t r z ® ¡ — o C7 )
£g £ • ^ OL' » ^ v C O c a -rr » te »V)
|"c(lAn a/
“ ( - 3", c** + 2 * r ,2 ) — 2 y,
- 2 1c r, r 2
F rom £ ^ . ( 0 , e ^ jjL -o J Z c r n Cam ií-e
(y&usr\Jl cxi
5 -7 7
O- 2
- J, w f. 2u r, - 2k r, rj.
= o C O
— 2 fe r, r z
- (O + z if O I
•0 ^ C-COn £ x ^ O -^ íJ ¿ l-p { " té óH oón
J - { ¡r¿ C e h ~ 2 * ( r * Jj. + r\ 3 - c / - oo
fro*r> 'UíO<^> "tfcc n a i & ’T -o l j^ ^ w O X i cr£- v.'brajfcn
"tfve cjclt*. Kre (Jüvui-J. co i
2- —
2 k ( Q J 2 + rz Q O q q
65, = o ? 65, =
r, j s
5 -7 8
^ y A Eguctíions o f rriotíon ;
¿, _ - é ,) + k tJ ©, - t<éz ( e z - e , ' ) —
= o
JZ& Z + c* i ( 4 “ ¿ l) + k é z ( 0 i - 9 ¡ ) = o
— te )
c7¡ -5 Cc 4l + c 4 2 V - Cé 2 ¿ '( * * ,+ fct l ) - « ta *

4- 4-
C-t2 ^ J - *** **2
. - C4 z ^
— - ( e 3)
The c k c L r a - c t e r ís - t íc e ^ a /t ro n becom es:
^ ■+* ( c t i + C t 2 >) ¿ + fe4 l + ^ t z - C c 4z * + * tz)

=o
~ ( C irZ * + ^4z)
I' C 'J
O >0 /S ^ -h O/ ( /S J 4- c^ 2 ^ -f- Q /? ^ 4- = O ---tev)
w kere
<ô ~ °~\ Jz
- J| Ct Z + ^ C b í >)
°^ = ^ ^ 2 + c ¿ z ( c -é:,+ c t z ) 4- a i(* ± ,+ kt2) -
^ = * t 2 ( C4 l + C ¿ z ) 4- C ^ 2 (* < * ,4 - * fc2. ) _ 2. c ¿ r i í c t 2 _
% = * * z ( * t , + *¿z) - *1*.
For H e sicaJaiitby o f H e s <j s b e m} H e co n d ib ío n s derívecJ ír> s e c t í o n

£f»8 cure a^flccaíble, i
> OJ z = o, I, 2, 5J ¿f.
Z 2.
^ 2^3 ~ — a, c^3 >- o
5 -7 9
tn
pj-g.g_ b ocly A iO jjro-fn o£- ba~r
l i e *. F 5" Tn x
-*¡---- ------------►
5m ^
3 me
F ree L odj ¿ fa ^ r a ^ m ir a .iU r
Equations of motion o f bar:
m (x - - o) = k ee + F (!)
v 2 7
J0 d - m (x - 6) = — k 6 € (€) + m g sin 6 (2)

2 2 ¿
Equation o f motion of tráiler:

5 m x = —F —2 k x or F = —2 k x —5 m x (3)
5 -8 0
Equations (l) and (2) can be rewritten as:
.. £
m x ------ —k 6£ + 2 k x + 5m x = 0 (5)
2
j 0e - (x - - e) + k di 2 - m-s e 6 = o (6)
where Jn = — m £^ (7)
Equations (5) and ( 6 ) can be expressed in matrix form as:
m £
6 m 2 k - k £
X X
°1 (8)
m£ _7_ 0
■+
0 ( k / 2 - ^ - m g / ) e K
m £2 ¿4
2 12
Assuming a solution of the form:

x(t) = X e st and 9{t) = 0 e at (9)
Eq. (8 ) can be expressed as:
m £ 2 k - k£
6 m
+ m g£ e3t = - (10)
m £ m £2 0 - k £ 2
2 3
By setting the determinant of the coefficient matrix in Eq. (10) equal to zero, we obtain:
m £ s2
(6 m s2 + 2 k) + k£
= 0 ( 11)
m £ s2 m £2 s2 m g£
+ k <f 2
2
4
which, upon expansión, gives:
s4 + — m k £2 — 3 m 2 g £ + ( - m k g í + 2 k ! / 2) = 0 ( 12)
6
A comparison of Eq. ( 12) with Eq. (5.43) gives:

7
ao == — mD 2 £2
4
ai = 0
a2 = —— m k £2 — 3 m 2 g £
6
a3 = 0
a4 = 2 k2 £2 — m k g £
5-81
Conditions for the stability of the system:
1. All coefficients a* mnst be positive:

r\ l \ 18 m g
a2 > 0 or k >
— ----------
o? —
a4 > 0 o r k > l M
“ - 2 €
2.
ai a2 a3 > ao a| + a4 af
This is not applicable since both sides o f the ineqnality are zero.
1 m g
Thns the condition for stability is: k >
2 i
5 -8 2
The e .^ jju o $ ji^w 5 o !^ m o f i 'o 0 ”^ € £<js¿e*n co-nr» /ír£ é jU z ¿ fy ^ A
fro™ tir e ír& e Ucrzíy d ¿ a j^ G s r n j a £ . ifr e .
b e lo w by M e w f o n 'í / ^ ca n X L & ¿* r crfc rn ot io n :

9•
X
s».—......-.-. .
- * f, (O
C, X, w, í i i ) = O
— > *: —
w, i, = í, C ^ ) + « (*»-*■) - C -X,
= F0 *-\ - c -¿i -f <« - * 0
re*j
ytj, ■jc| — ( Fo - c ) s i, - k K 2 i- V o < , —O (/ )
n a « t = & « ■ > “ * C*!-*.*) = - 4t ( * 2 - « O
*'-e - ’ .. (2 )
m í x .i k 'X j - k x , - o v ^
EgS- (.J ■) CLn^Á (2 ") Cana te G^j^lZ-irí^cS in rn aJji¿x. jxAsm 2^í
Ytt , O o
*1 -C F o -O *1
»»
0 W 2 x n x „
o
-i-
As in d ic a h z J *n Seof/or) 5 (ve ¿2^S^r»>e
So/u t í o ti ,
* y Ct>= Xy e , C * )
í« £%■(*) ío o b fa in
5 -8 3
t>l
o
"(c - F o ') O X|
Í X) i
. 2.
1 v O
o ro2 ^ ( X 2 J K2
- G 0 -
r 'K — k
■+
L 'K (c
) ! : ; ! •
co
or
+ (c - Fo^) ¿ *
- * m 2 A -f- {c
co
: : } - p
I« Bg • 0® ^ 9 w e /S e ir fiíe d ¿X & A .rn ^ ri¿a^ rO t' o J£ ’ffc 'e
C oe£ffcte^t m ¿ í> u x to z e ro 'fo o t íc u 'n ik e . c J h c ^ a d & s z ¿ ¿ L 'c

(°jgjj~cdCÍ<pn Q¿
YTH, ¿ O CC - F o ' ) * + * —
W O C 7 }
\n0 A -+ 1*
or
v ,
2. y v n ii^ i /
*n. m
co
wht’ ch ír\d\‘c6L/-{r€£ ‘t&ajt- tte sysé&tm L$ .
y /i e críter/on for x V Í á i^ ^ ¿S tkeJt- írkt h*-a~l j x o cr£
tfce. ^ C «f ~ jí v e n • ($>) >rv¿c¿/{~ /6e YL^goicv^.

~to(X A ruC Á [Y\eTL6-CL%t£r\j^ (B ^ ^ c r n J í^ t^ a A s /n E g - O V
USi*1^ "H\e jbrz>(¿>e.rt í e s o f cuti'c e.û »,-fem ^ if Cfium
¿e /SfuTurn ftTfiJr- a, ruLcx*fra7u¿ A«^fficLLGsidrc ^ í t t e w
-for (vs ffca^ qJL£ t e cJ l*C£s c \- ("fe.

^ j ^j j s x X co
o . ?
CL /S ^ -f | ^ ■f' ^ -f- g ~ o
C^)
5 -8 4
Ynus-t t e ^ o S i t f v e Osad “f#T£ (^nJUSjo-T)
QJ , ^ 2 > ° j0 Os 3 fío ;
o J¿ * be • C rrn r^ o O ^ n ^ £ g . ( 3 ) .W ,*ffr (#),,
fm e( “H r a í
^0 = 1 o o
C - Fo
o,, = - LS 0 O
m ,
, ^ * 1^111 c ,3>
m ,w z
0, 3 * * (fc- Fo) OO
•ybus -fie C jM .J k & X ?n ¿ ^üY -ffc t /í'fca-b» I i‘ f y o f ‘f e ^ S 'f e r r »
aJi*
CL/ = 1 > O ^ S p íj& fó jiA O u b rfZ rrrL & jlZ cjx ílL y Q ^ )
c — Fo
a>, =
^ >0 4> c > Fo
C^2 r — — í^ i-h rrj2 ) > O => A oJ ^ Í íz J I < ^ o m a i¿ c a li^

^ i ™ 2 V ' c,7 )
cb^ - ^ Cc *" ^ 0 > o => c > F0 0 0
Tbe conJjfcon c£ Eg . Q*') be.C£rmj¿J
C ^ )* C ^ r ) - * c c -F .) 0 0
5 -8 5
E £u o£¿w $ C5 '5 6 ) casn io e rew rlH en cl S
c o
3 > 0 X .C 'O - P | f O
V t¿ f E [S - ( s - é o ) Q¡, s ? ) , Eg . CO a u . /¿ e a-s
3 X 0 } a X ,C O * xa)
* , A + o.2 ¿A + *3 * A + CÜ. ¿ + d, 5 X , ( 0
A
= L> i F ,0 O ^*2 F( C ^ ) -\- L 5 F ,c O
+k ^ o + h po ) co
ejk tA E .
/—
a r m , Yn 2.
v^2 C c ( ^ C2 ^ -t- m , £c¿ + c s )

'O '
^ 2 ^ ) t* C ^ 2 + ^3) + ¿i 1 2 c 3 + C3 C ( ^
f t 3 =
% !+ i < í ) C C 2.+ C 3 ^ ) +* C l 4 c 2 -f- C , ^ 2 . ■+* *“ 2. ^ ?

O =
0 ,B - t, “f" ^ 2 . ^ 3 ■+ ^3 k l
b¡ - m 2.
\>1 - c z + cj
¿ 3 = * 2 +• ^ 3 - ( O
C2
b4 =
fe 5 -
5 -8 6
[o fin j L (2~ ^ *~ C J L JvJLaXcCPn
£ * ' * * ¿ m - i : / - ' t l ± £ > c o

-di
* » . ¿ t * - 1
(ÍTe ínVerse r e la c h e n ccu ^ e x ^ L ^ § c4 ¿2^5
¿ f 1 j > x c ^ )] = ^
jL-fc*
|\Í6+e - H rJr tte ín it ío A . O ty\ J aÍ Z ¿ Y ^ Q - ^ e _ a JW ^ c jn "ffe
rig K t / w friJjL- dj_ E ^ .^ 5 "') aJxe. n c f (Lsyr^fiJlsü^Jl
m ") Í £ £ jc u - c J ^ - -tf» íru tfcJ . C o y r ^ fc r M ’ a_n ^ _
A iaJ jjJ jVv 2 g y L A a t^ n a ^ •

 tn ^ tte r e le a n E g . C O j T ^ ie . /K V e ^ C L o ^ d ^ -O L
fKo*sY^£j¿iv*' cfj_ ^ * £ 2. ^) j ¡ ve s
(^ í f r X i , n J 3 ^j ¿A2" * ) . ^ ÍT t| , „ ^ f-M
. _ _ _ + ^ _ — + a , 3 _ _ + a .i f _ + ^ x , 0
= l ' 7 ¿ r •+ t » ^ - 1- ts f ' tí0 + S — + t s f' ft)

<¿* ¿ t ^ JL t
Cv ■)
E ^ o J ^ crr» ^7*) \S g^S-í^lCxI crd ^ - ¿Lt | | £ M v ijU
^ A a lr ^ ^ 'fe w * or£ x t C-t) ^ tte fu,0 ^
ejzJL&m >
5 -8 7
E y x e J jj™ ( 5 .5 "? ) ccu w Jlre.
t > ( 0 X 2C ^) = D aC * ) ^
USing E^S- (5 ■Í o ') cuvJl ( 5,53) , E j.íO C-e-n

e X ^ a T lX ^ J ^
+ Q ,sF X 2 t e )"
'x 2 '
=
-
C,1 ' X2-
»
F„ 0 O +
'2
c 2 X Fz O ) + c3
¿ F
+ c^ A F(, CC'*)
¿) +
+ -c 5j 1 1F l t e )
^ J rS n S L OuL , l - I 'fc F 3 clTU^ given e^. ( 3 )
hn,
c l =
C2 r C | + C2.
C, - KI + Kz - ('O
c,. =
c„ - * 2
/\£ ín FKe CcVS«- o| C2- ) ; We fe-fce tke in v erse
L o ^2_C «. ~ jjZ o ^ n á ^ l^ E^. ( ? ) "fe o b t~ C L ¿ n
a> d^ «2.
-+ °^2 d x * + a
^ ,3, "— _= + a, á 2 te + Cbf *2(¿ )
T t^ dte díte ^ dt-fc
O O He oleSiVecH orch * cL ^ via M ^ I
e^ jx a ílcm úr\ ÍD i^ S o^. -x2 ( t ') cr£- ffc* fojo éjeS^üUL
o £ £ ¡U S L cí¿rm A y ¿ / j¿ r n •
5 -8 9
C^jr 'Xj('t) ¿UvJ * 2 (-£: ) <a¿*u. A k c ru JY \ í n £ ^ 5 . ( 7 ' ) cl/yxctÍ
(n ') ín -ffce ✓Sol uWor» o£ fVoklem 5 , 7 5 , Y esp e c t iv e ly j
¿ fo r fcrto w n ¿forcín^ funcfVon* £,(£) clûA S2 ( i " ) t
jU y JU A o \v <l A “ ***% L
TrvÉtfcoTÍ. or cifre ?T. Y-rxí&fcrzí <5^ A ^ \ r ¿ r ^ a* dL£ri¿& iy_
e c jjjL e JjL c rY v i *
C ÍO per / $« t v i í c I 'H j ^ 20^ ¿a/ j^ r e e Vi‘ t r a - Í A r n
| ? r o t ( e w^ » T/v.e e ^ jx s x fá c rrA c íf r mofvbn ©J”»-£. ^íver»
( 5 *5 <3) orrvd (^ 5 - 5’ í ^^) *.
-r ( C | + C 0 ^1 “ C2 *2 -+ 0 . 7 - ^2^) x , — ^ 2 ^ 2 ~~ 0 ^
w i *2 + C c z + C j -) X 2 - C 2 X| - f 0 -2 + * ? ) * 2 - 'k 2 X r ° (2)
L ^ jo I Q_ce I r c L n s j - o r m e f ^ s- CO &/noC c o g i'v e
m, [ , S 2 X , ( ¿ ) - /< x,Co ■) - x,(o)]+ ( f c + c 2) ( > x f -S ) -* ,^ ]
_ C2 [ / * X 2c O - * 2 r ° > '] + C * (+ * 0 X,(xj^> - * z X2 ( O = 0

C O
of
[ n , /S1 + Cc i + C 2 ^) ^ + C k | - + fc2 ) H X |CX ) - C c 2 ^ + k z ) * /• * )
= 1 , ( 0 CO
to h e re
x, - m , / *|(°) + " 1 x | ( t’ ) + C c .,+ c ¿ ) * ,< > )- c ^ xa C°)
c o
5 -9 0
yn2 [ a % X2( ¿ ) - A * 2 Co) -
■+ CCJZ+ c3) C A X g f^ ^ — X2 fo-) ] - CZ [ / í X,M> - x ,Co^]
+ (* a 4 K3 ^ * * C O - « 2 X ,( ¿ ) - o C O
or
£tti2 A*~+ C c z+ c s ) '* + Clc2 + 0 )1 * z ( /í')
~ ( c iA - tk i') X,CO = X 2 C^) CO
7 * í(v e A £
r 2 - r*A * z CO + m2 x ^ (o ') + ( c z+C ¡) x ^ ) - c£ x / o )
( 2 )
E ^ J X o yví (if a s -Á (7 0 t* x te e x ^ n e fic J ín ft-e
^■or
A(0 O X,cO - f Az f O X2« ) = l,M ) c?)
b , o o x , o o + b 2 (¿ ) x 2 c ¿ ) = r a u ) G O
The ¿olutCory o-f- Ep £• ($) o ^ Á 0 o ) ?s 3 i^ «n hy
D, ( « O
x , 0 O = 0 O
D C -O
x .c - o = C 'O
T c T
U it e r e
A, ( - O A z f O
D C O - c « 0
Bi W ) B2( ¿ )
X| ( O A 2 0 O
2>, C O = (IV )
x 2 C-O b 2 0 0
5-91
A, U ) J-1 y
3 > ,C 0 = C 'O
6 ,i 0 0 I .* CO
t K^ í n »*4" cl5L C c > x d li£ ¿ c n 'v ’5 (n c £ t t c £ í_ c J m I ( ( ''S } cxjw cf
I^ C -O ) tÍT rO U ^ K EgS* ( O O jrsA (8 ) > 0-nr>^( bl^vC JL
tijJ J t a ffit-o h . -fia . ^ X , í ^ )
X 2. f /^ ' ) ’ ,n v e r s e Lex^Jk-cjz th.czsr*Zftzfw>* crj^
EffS' OO CLrn4 Q 2 ) g iv e Á jM ^ x A, A o {u W o Yí S
7Cj C-t) oyru^ 'X ^ C^ ^ '
5 -9 2
G i í V6y> daJC a> \
ro2 ~ 2 , z tfj {<2 = O; 1c9 - o

C |- 1> c 2 “ 2 •> C Z ~ ° J fj =■ p0 t t ( i ' ) — sfej» f u n c f i 'o n ,
f2=o ; *,C < 0 -= x , (O = O ; * .¿ (0 = x 2 (< 0 - o
Ex (aress íonS -for fbe L»<a-flo.ee fra n stforms o 3 ^ ^

¿ 2 /r d ^ 2 ( "t ") •
s: [ f, C t > ] = ^ [ f0 * r « l O F, (^0 = A
áC [ f z C O ] = 55 [ o ] -> f2 CO - o
E g s . ( S ‘ i5 8) to (5 ' 6 o ) r e d u c e ( f o r g i v e n € & c¿tcb )> to :
= ( 2 yS2 + 2 J + 2 ) + ( 2 ¿ -t- £ ) ( o ^
- ( 2 2 + + - ) f 0 (1 )
fc ,(< 0 s ( O + ^ - ' - O f 0 ) 4' ^ * 2) —
= (2 + 5 - > F . CO
POO - ( O f 2) + C 2 -0 + 0 + 1 ( 2 + 0 ]
+ - []* ( í + O + 1 C 2 '+ ° ) + (O f O + (0 (°) + (°)(i)J ¿
+ £
(4+ 0 (z + o ) + 0) f O + C O f O - (2O O -f ( i ) ( o ) J J
4 [ <f ( O + * ( O + «>( 4)]

• 3 2
= 2 /5 + 8 ^ +(6/5+/o^+á’ ( 5)
T ^ li s fk e A e S t 'r e J exf>reífVoY>5 9*2 g ív e n
5(0 X,U) = D,íO (4^
2>(¿) x4 ( 0 = d CO (O
5 -9 3
( i ÁH + S ^ 3 + 16 ¿ Z + ! 0 ¿ +■ s ) X .C -0 = 2 C'*’4' 1 F°
CO
( i ^ + 9 h3 *+ 16 + O - 2 ( 1+' ^ Fo
5 -9 4
nrrtj ~ ' \ c,
C = I
* ;(• > - ¿J (o)
2- Ca - 2*
X 2 («)•= i 2 ( o ) “ 0
'ít | =• V C 3 =■ o
* 2 - ** £ ,0 * 0 = o
N — » 4 < 0 = pfl * c - b ) = * G p
% [ 4 c o ] = F, C O = o
5: [ 4 c o ] = ¿6 [ F0 * c t > ] = p j^ )c ü
JL
{t jy tfcr gr* ví-4- n ¿ E -j^ y. ( 5 * 5 ’ ? ' ) ' t [S -£ °^ )
P l í ^ ) = Q 2 ^ + 2 /5 + 2 ^ )f o ) -). (^ 2 ¿ + 2 ^) J i i
co
co
1>3 ( ¿ " ) = f C O ^ + [ 2 (-i) i-\ (-z) ] J 3
+ [ 2 (e ) + i ( 2 ) + 2 + 0 + o ] / 5 j
- t - F 6 ( 2 - ) + < ( * ) - 1 - | ( o ) - z ( 2 } - f Z ( > ) j 4 + f í + o + o )
= 2 ^ £ , - + 8 4 ^ + t é ^ *" + 10 J + 8 co
tó e á e s t r e d e x ja r e S S ío n s a-re given by
5 -9 5
2 ( 0 X,CO = D | (0 CO
pe*) x2cO = d2( 0 co

or
( 2 /í^-fS^ -f ^ -f- X, ( O ~ 2 (/ + ^ ^c>
CO
C Z /í^ -f 16/* -f 10 ^ -+ # ) ( O — ^ 3 - f — ^) F<y
¿7 >
5 -9 6
2xx + 1 2 ATj - 4 x 2 = 0 (1)
4 ic2 + 4x 2 - Axx = 0 ( 2)
Laplace transform o f Eqs. (1) and (2):
2[s 2* 1(s) - s •XiCO) - x±(0)] + 12 •X±(s) - 4 •* 2(s) = 0 (3)
4[s 2* 2(s) - s •x 2(0) - x 2(0)] + 4 •* 2 O ) - 4 •X ^ s) = 2s (4)
For the given initial conditions, Eqs. (3) and (4) reduce to
(2s 2 + 12)X i(s) - 4 •X2(s) = 2s (5)
- 4 •JTiO) + (4s 2 + 4) •X2(s) = 0 (6)
By introducing
(7)
D l(s ) = lo 5
2.s + 1 2 2s
D2( s ) = = 8s (8 )
-4 0
D(s) = 2<r2 + 12 -4 = 8s4 + 56s2 + 32 (9)

-4 4s 2 + 4
the solution o f Eqs. (5) and (6 ) givesXi(s) as
X ( \ = PlOO _ S3+S _ 0.7923Cx C2S 2.5243C3 Ca.s

( 10 )
D (s) s 4+ 7 s 2+ 4 s z +0.6277 s 2+0.6277 s z +6.3723 s 2+6.3723
The two expressions on the right hand side o f Eq. (10) can be rewritten as
(C2 s 3 + C 4 s 3) + (0.7923C, +2.5243C3) s 2 + (6.3723C2 + 0.6277C4) 5

+ (5.0488C, +1.5845C3) s 3 +s
(1 1 )
(s2 + 0.6277) (s2 +6.3723) s 4 + 7 s 2 +4)
By comparing terms in the numerators o f Eq. (11), we obtain the relations:
C7 + C, = 1 (12)
5 -9 7
0.7923Ci + 2.5243C3 = O (13)
6.3723C2 + 0.6277C4 = 1 (14)
5.0488C! + 1.5845Q = 0 (15)
The solution of Eqs. (12) to (15) gives
C1 = C3 = 0 (16)
C2 = 0.0648 (17)
C4 = 0.9352 (18)
Using the valúes of the constants given by Eqs. (16) to (18) in Eq. (10) and taking inverse Laplace
transform of the resulting expression, we obtain
x±(t) = 0.0648 cos(0.7923t) + 0.9352cos (2.5243t) (19)
Similarly, using Eqs. (7) to (9),A2(s) can be expressed as
y r £>2fe) s 0.7923C5 C¿S_ 2.5243C7 C8S (20)

~ D (s) ~ s 4+ 7 s 2+ 4 ~ s 2+ 0 .6 2 7 7 s 2+ 0 .6 2 7 7 s 2+ 6 .3 7 2 3 s 2+ 6 .3 7 2 3 ' '
The right hand side expression in Eq. (20) can be rewritten as
(C2 s3 + C 4 s3) + (0.7923 C, + 2.5243 C3)s2+ (6.3723 C2 + 0.6277 C4) 5

+ (5.0488Cj +1.5845C3) _ s
(21)
(s2+0.6277) (s2+6.3723) s4+ l s 2+4)
By comparing terms in the numerators o f Eq. (21), we obtain the relations:
C2 + C4 = 0 (22)
0.7923Ci + 2.5243C3 = 0 (23)
6.3723C2 + 0.6277C4 = 1 (24)
5.0488C! + 1.5845Q = 0 (25)
C1 = C3 = 0 (26)
C2 = 0.174 (27)
C4 = -0 .1 74 (28)
Using the valúes of the constants given by Eqs. (26) to (28) in Eq. (20) and
5 -9 8
taking ¡nverse Laplace transform of the resulting expression, we obtain
x 2(t ) = 0.174 cos(0.7923í) - 0.174cos (2.5243t)
5 -9 9
©
2xj + 2 x x- 2 x2 + 12jc, - 4 x2 = 0 (1)
4 x2 + 2 x2 - 2 x x + 4 x 2 - 4xj = 0 (2 )
2 [s2*i(s) - 5*±(0) - %(0)] + 2[sXi(s) - *!(())]
- 2 [sX2(s) - x2(0)] + 1 2 ^ (5 ) - 4^2(s) = 0 (3)
4[s 2X2(s-) - sx 2( 0) - x 2m + 2[sX2(s) - x2m
- 2 [sX ^ s) - x±(0)] + 4X2(s) - 4Xt (s ) = 0 (4)
4 (2s2 + 2s + 12)X±(s ) - (2s + 4) •X2(s) = 2s + 2 (5)
(45 2 + 2s + 4)X2(s) - (2 5 + 4) •Xx(s ) = - 2 (6)
By introducing
n
2s + 2 _ro r-+
-(25 _l a*\
4)
D i (s ) = = 8s 3 + 12s2 + 8s (7)
-2 (45 2+ 2s + 4)
(2s2 + 2s + 12) 25 + 2
D2( s ) = = 85-16 (8 )
— (2s + 4) -2
(252 + 25 + 12) -(25 + 4)

D(s) = = 854 + 12s3 + 56s2 + 32 (9)
— (25 + 4) (452 + 2s + 4)
the solution of Eqs. (5) and (6) gives X\ (5) as
Y (V) = = 8s3+12s2+8s _ 53+1.552 +5______

lK J D (s) 8s^+ 12s3 + 5652+ 32 [(S + a ) 2 + b 2][(S + c) 2 + C¡2 ]
The roots of the expression in the denominator of Eq. (10) are given by the solution of
854 + 1253 + 5652 + 32 = 0 (11)
as
51j2 = a±bi = -0.6567 + 2.3807Í ( 12)
5 -1 0 0
s3j4 = c ± di = -0.0933 ± 0.8044Í (13)
Denoting a = - 0.6567, b = 2.3807, c = - 0.0933 and d = 0.8044. Eq. (10) can be expressed in
partial fractions
as
s3 +1.5s2 + s _ Cl b + C2 (.s + a) C3d + C4 Qs+ c)

[(i + a )2+ ¿ 2][(í + c ) 2 +rf2] “ [(s + a )2 + £>2] + [(s + c ) 2+ ¿ 2]
By combining the right hand side terms o f Eq. (14) into a one-term expression and comparing
the numerators on both sides o f the resulting Eq. (14), we obtain the conditions
C2 + C4 = 1 (15)
bCt + (2c + a)C2 + dC3 + (2a + c)C4 = 1.5 (16)
2cbC1 + (2ac + c2 + d2)C2 + 2adC3 + (2 ac + 2a2 + b2)C4 = 1 (17)
(be2 + bd'2)Ci + (ac2 + ad2)C2 + (da2 + db2)C3 + (ca2 + cb2)C4 = 0(18)
Cx = 0.3302 (19)
C2 = 0.9523 (20)
C3 = -0.1942 (21)
C4 = 0.0477 (22)
Using the expression
Y = Cl b + C2 (.S+a) , c3d+c4(s+c)
J [ ( s + a ) 2+ b 2] [ ( s + c ) 2+ d 2] 1 '
The inverse Laplace transform of Eq. (23) gives
Xl(t) = e-°-6567t[0.3302sin(2.3807t) + 0.9523 cos(2.3807t)]
+ e- 00933t [—o.1942 sin(0.8044t) + 0.0477 cos(0.8044t)] (24)
Similarly, using Eqs. (7) to (9), X 2(s) can be expressed as
v fe ) = = ______ £z2______ (25)

' D (s ) 8 s 4+ 1 2 s 3+ 5 6 s z + 3 2
which can be rewritten in partial fractions as
5 -1 0 1
Y f N_ C5^+C6(s+ct) , C7d+C8(s + c ) .
2' ' [(s+a)2+b2] [(s+c)2+d2] ' ‘
where the relations between the constants can be derived as
C6 + C8 = 0 (27)
bC$ + (2c + a)C6 + dC7 + (2 a + c)Cg = 0 (28)
2cbC5 + (2ac + c2 + d^Cf, + 2 adC7 + (2ac + 2a2 + b2)C8 = 1 (29)
(ibe2 + bdz)C5 + (ac2 + ad2)C6 + (da2 + db2}C7 + (ca2 + cb2)C8 = —2 (30)
Using the valúes of a, b, c and given in Eqs. (19) - (22), the constants can be found as
C5 = 0.0925 (31)
C6 = -0.2431 (32)
C7 = -0.4439 (33)
C8 = 0.2431 (34)
Using these constants in Eq. (26) and taling the inverse Laplace transform of the resulting expression,
we obtain
x2(t) = e-°-6567t[0.0925 sin(2.3807í) - 0.2431 cos(2.3807t)]

+e~00933C[—0.4439 sin(0.8044t) + 0.2431 cos(0.8044t)] (35)
5 -1 0 2
(& 8 5 )
2ifj + 12xj - 4 x 2 = 0 a)
4 x2 + 4 x2 — 4xl = 0 (2 )
2[s2X1(s) - s •* i(0 ) - ^ ( 0 )] + 12 •* i( s ) - 4 •* 20 ) = 0 (3)
4[52X2(s) - 5 •x2(0) - x'2(0)] + 4 •Z2(s) —4 •* i(s ) = 2s (4)
(2s2 + 12)^ i(s ) - 4 •X2(s) = 25 (5)
- 4 •^ ( s ) + (85 2 + 4) •* 20 ) = 0 (6)
By introduclng
(7)
D^ ) = l o 8 ^ 4 l = 16s3 + 8s
2s2 + 12 2s = 85
0 2O ) = (8 )
-4 0
252 + 12 -4
D(s) = = 1Ó54 + 10452 + 32 (9)
-4 852 + 4
the solution o f Eqs. (5) and (6) givesX i^) as
X ( o = Dl(s) - 253+5 ( 10)

1 D (s) s4+ 1 3 s 2+ 4
The right hand side expression in Eq. (10) can be expressed in partial fractions as
3 .5 1 6 ^ C-?s 0.5615C 3 C4 s
+ ( 11)
s 2+ 1 2 .6 8 4 7 s 2+ 1 2 .6 8 4 7 s 2+ 0 .3 1 5 3 s 2+ 0.3 1 5 3
The relations between the constants C¡, i = 1,2, 3, 4 can be derived as
C2 + C4 = 2 (12)
3.5168C1! + 0.5615C3 = 0 (13)
0.3153C2 + 12.6847C4 = 1 (1 4 )
1.1088Cl + 7.1225C4 = 0 (15)
5-103
The solution of Eqs. (12) - (15) gives
c±= c3 = 0 (16)
C2 = 1.9701 (17)
C4 = 0.0299 (18)
Using the constants of Eqs. (16) - (18) in the expression of Eq. (11) and taking the inverse
Laplace transform of the resulting expression, we obtain
% (í) = 1.9701 cos(3.5616í) + 0.0299cos (0.5615t) (19)
Similarly, using Eqs. (7) - (9), Xi(s) can be expressed as
y f ~v U2(s) s____ 3.516Cs___ _____C¿s 0.5615C7______ CgS (20)

2^ ' ~ 0 (s ) “ s 4+ 1 3 s z+ 4 _ s 2+12.6847 s 2+12.6847 s 2+0.3153 s 2+0.3153 ' '
From Eq. (20), we can determine the relations between the constants C¡, i = 5, 6, 7, 8 as
C6 + C8 = 0 (21)
0.7923CS + 2.5243C7 = 0 (22)
6.3723Q + 0.6277C8 = 1 (23)
5.0488CS + 1.5845C7 = 0 (24)
Eqs. (21) - (24) can be solved to find
C5 = C7 = 0 (25)
C6 = -0.0808 (26)
C8 = 0.0808 (27)
Using the constants of Eqs. (25) - (27) in the expression on the right hand side of Eq. (20)
and taking the inverse Laplace transform of the resulting expression, we obtain
x2(t) = -0.0808 cos(3.5616t) + 0.0808cos (0.5615t) (28)
5 -1 0 4
^S M j
2 xx + 12 jc, —4 x 2 = 0 a)
Sx2 + 4 x 2 - 8*, = 0 (2 )
[s2X±{s) - s •Xí(0) - Xi(0)] + 12 •X±{s) - 4 - X 2( s ) = 0 (3)
8[s2.Y2(s) — 5 ■x2(0) - x 2(0)] + 4 •X2(s) — 8 •Xt (s ) = 2s (4)
(s2 + 12)X l(s ) - 4 ■X2(s) = s (5)
- 8 •Xt (s) + (8s 2 + 4) •X2(s) = 0 (6)
By ¡ntroducing
Is —4
D i(s ) = = s(8s3 + 4) (7)
lo 8s2 + 4
s2 + 12 s = 8s
¿>2 O ) = (8 )
-8 0
D(s) = s 2 + 12 -4 = 8s4 + 100s2 + 16 (9)

-8 8s2 + 4
the solution o f Eqs. (5) and (6) gives Xi(s) as
Y ( ) — Di ( s) _ s 3+0-5s _ 3.5125C! C2S 0.4026C3 Q.S

( 10 )
1 '- ' _ D (s) _ s 4+ 1 2 .5 s 2+ 2 _ s 2+ 1 2 .3 3 7 9 s 2+ 1 2 .3 3 7 9 s 2+ 0 .1 6 2 1 s 2+ 0 .1 6 2 1
The relations between the constants C¡, i = 1,2, 3, 4 can be derived as
C2 + C4 = l ( 11)
3.5125 C± + 0.4026C3 = 0 ( 12)
0.1621C2 + 12.3379Q = 0.5 (13)
0.5694C! + 4.9672C4 = 0 (14)
Ci = C3 = 0 (15)
5 -1 0 5
C2 = 0.9722 (16)
Q = 0.0278 (17)
X i(t) = 0.9722 cos(3.5125t) + 0.0278cos(0.4026t) (18)
Similarly, using Eqs. (7) - (9), Xzis) can be expressed as
jr n 2(s ) s 3 . 5 1 2 5 C s _____ C6S 0.4026C 7 C8 s (19 )

7 _ D (s ) _ S4 + 1 2 .5 s z + 2 ~ s z + 1 2 .3 3 7 9 Sz + 12 .337 9 S2+ 0.1621 Sz + 0 .1 6 2 1 1 '
C6 + C8 = 0 (20)
3.5125C5 + 0.4026C7 = 0 (21)
0.1621Q + 12.3379C8 = 1 (22)
0.5694CS + 4.9672C7 = 0 (23)
C5 = C7 = 0 (24)
C6 = -0.0821 (25)
C8 = 0.0808 (26)
x2 (t) = -0.0821 cos(3.5125t) + 0.0808cos(3.5125t) (27)
5 -1 0 6
© .
2 x 1 + 60 JCj - 2 0 x2 = 0 (1)
x2 + 2 0 x2 - 20 x, = 0 (2)
2 [s2Xx(s) - s •^ (O ) - *i(0)] + 60 •Xt (s ) - 20 •*2(s) = 0 (3)
[s2X2(s) - s •*2(0) - x 2(0)] + 20 •X2(s ) - 20 •Xx(s) = 2s (4)
(2s2 + 60)^x(s) - 20 •X2(s) = O.ls (5)
-2 0 •X±(s) + (s2 + 20) •X2(s) = O.ls (6)
By introducing
O.ls -2 0
Di ( 5 ) = = O.ls3 4- 4s (7)
O.ls s 2 + 20
D2(s) = 2s2 + 60 20 = 0 .2 s 3 + 8s (8 )
2V J -2 0 O.ls
D(s) = 2s2 + 60 “4 = 2s4 + 100s2 + 800 (9)

-2 0 s + 20
the solution o f Eqs. (5) and (6) givesZi(s) as
V ( \ _ 0-05s3+ 2 s _ 6.3 2 4 6 C ! C2S 3.1623C 3 C4S

( 10 )
— — s 4+ 5 0 s 2+ 4 0 0 _ s 2+ 4 0 s 2+ 4 0 s 2+ 1 0 s 2+ 1 0
The relations between the constants C¡, i = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 can be derived as
C2 + C4 = 0.05 ( 11)
6.3246C! + 3.1623C3 = 0 ( 12)
10C2 + 40C4 = 2 (13)
63.2466"! + 126.492Q = 0 (14)
Ci = C3 = 0 (15)
5-107
C2 = O (16)
C4 = 0.05 (17)
x ^ t ) = 0.05 cos(3.1623t) (18)
Similarly, using Eqs. (7) - (9), X7(s) can be expressed as
Y - D2fe) - 0 -ls 3+ 4 s _ 6.3246CS C6s 3.1623C7 C85 . .

' D (s ) s 4 + 1 2 .5 s 2+ 2 s 2+ 4 0 s 2+ 4 0 s 2+ 1 0 S2+ 1 0
C6 + C8 = 0.1 (20)
6.3246C5 + 3.1623C7 = 0 (21)
10C6 + 40C8 = 4 (22)
63.246CS + 126.492C7 = 0 (23)
C5 = C7 = 0 (24)
C6 = 0 (25)
C8 = 0.1 (26)
x 2(t ) = 0.1 cos(3.1623t) (27)
5-108
2 Xj + 60x, - 20x2 = 0 a)
x2 + 20x2 - 20 x, = 0 (2 )
2 [s2X±(s ) - s •xÔ) - XiCO)] + 60 •X ^ s ) - 20 ■X2(s) = 0 (3)
[s 2X2(s) - 5 •x2(0) - x2(0)] + 20 •X2(s) - 20 •Z i(s) = 2s (4)
(2s2 + 60)*! (s) - 20 •X2(s ) = 0.2s (5)
-2 0 •X±(s) + (s2 + 20) ■*2(s) = —0.05s (6)
By introducing
n f s i 0.2s —20 m 3i o (7)

Dl(5H - 0 . 0 5 s ^ + 20 = 0-253 + 3s
D2( s) = 2s2 + 60 °-2* = O.ls3 + s (8 )

2 -2 0 —0.05s
D(s) = 2s2 + 60 _2° = 2s4 + 100s2 + 800 O)

w -2 0 s + 20
the solution o f Eqs. (5) and (6) gives X\(s) as
y ( - ) — Dl ( s) _ 0-1s3+ 1 .5 s _ 6.3 2 4 6 C ! C2S 3 .1 6 2 3 C3 C.s

( 10 )
^ ' _ D (s ) _ s 4 + 5 0 s 2+ 4 0 0 _ s 2+ 4 0 s 2+ 4 0 s 2+ 1 0 S2+ 1 0
The relations between the constants C¡, i = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 can be derived as
C2 + C4 = 0.1 (11)
6.3246^ + 3.1623CS = 0 (12)
10C2 + 40C4 = 1.5 (13)
63.246Ci + 126.492Q = 0 (14)
5-109
C1 = C3 = O (15)
C2 = 0.0833 (16)
C4 = 0.0167 (17)
x±(t) = 0.0833 cos(6.3246t) + 0.0167cos (3.1623t) (18)
Similarly, using Eqs. (7) - (9), Xi(s) can be expressed as
y ( \ p 2 (s) _ -0 .0 5 s 3+0.52 _ 6.3246C5 C6s 3.1623C7 C8S . .

~ D(_s) ~ s 4+ 12.5s2+ 2 _ s 2+40 s 2+ 40 s 2+ 1 0 s 2+ 10 ^ '
C6 + C8 = 0.1 (20)
6.3246C5 + 3.1623C7 = 0 (21)
10C6 + 40C8 = 0.5 (22)
63.246C5 + 126.492C7 = 0 (23)
The solution of eqs. (20) - (23) gives
C5 = C7 = 0 (24)
C6 = -0.0833 (25)
C8 = 0.0333 (26)
and taking the inverse Laplace transform ofthe resulting expression, we obtain
*2(t) = -0.0833 cos(6.3246t) + 0.0333cos (3.1623t) (27)
5 -1 1 0
mxx x + c x x x + k x x x + c 2 (jq - x 2) + k 2 ^ - x 2) = p x(t) = 0 (1)
m2 x 2 + c 2 (x 2 - x x) + k 2 (x2 - x , ) = p 2(t) = Pq sincot (2)
Laplace transform of Eqs. (1) and (2), assuming zero initial conditions, yields
[im±s 2 + ( q + c2)s + (k ± + k2)]X ±(5) - (c2s + k2')X2{s ) = 0 (3)
- ( c 2s + k2)X 1 (s) + (m2s 2 + c2s + fc2) •X2(s) = P2(s) (4)
By defining
0 - ( c25 + / c2 )
D i(s ) = = P 2 (s ) ( c2 5 + / c2 ) (5)
P2OO (rn2s 2 + c2s + k 2)
m-íS2 + (q + c2)s + (/q + k 2) 0

D 2 (s ) =
- ( c 2s + fc2) P20 )
= P2(s)(m 1s2 + ( q + c2)s + (/q + fc2)) (6)
n q s2 + ( q + c2)s + (Jq + fe2) - f c s + k2)

D(s) =
—(c2s + fc2) m2s 2 + c2s + k 2
= (m1m2)54 + (n q q + m2q + m2c2) s 3 + (nqAq + m 2 lq + m2/c2 + q c 2)s 2
+ (q fc2 + ^2^2)^ + k ±k 2 (7)
the expressions forXi(s) and X2(s) can be found from the solution of Eqs. (3) and (4) as
P 2 ( s ) ( c 2s + f c 2)
*1 (* ) = TD(s)
# = (m17n2)s4+(m1C2+m2C1+m2C2)s3+(m1fc2+m2/Ci+m2fe2+ci c2)s2',‘ (ci^2+c2fe2)s+î^2 ( 8)
p2(s)[m2 s 2+ ( q + c 2).s,+ &1+&2]

X 2( s ) = Q t = (m 1m 2)s 4+(m 1c2+m2c1+m2c2)s 3+ (m 1fc2+7n2fe1+m2fe2+c1c2)s 2+ (c1fe2+c2fc2)s+fc1fc2
D (s)
(9)
5 -1 1 1
When damping is neglected,
ci = 0; c2 = 0
The transfer functíons can be obtained as
T (iú)') = X l^ÍCÜ^ — _________________ ÍE2_________________

1 P2(í<m) (7n1m2)íú4-(m 1fc2+m2fc1+m2fc2)aj2+fc1fc2
7 Ci^-) = ____________________—m1ú)2+(fc1+fc2)___________
2^ ^ P?.(j-u>) (m1m2)ú)4-(m 1fc2+m2/c1+m2k2)íij2+fe1k2
X2(ico) _ -m 1a)2+(fc1+fc2)
Xi(iw) fc2
The Solutions forxi(/) and *2(0 can be expressed as
fc
Xl ^ (m1m2)íü4-(m 1fc2+m2fc1+m2/c2)ciJ2+k1k2 01^
with
, XiCiú)) n
01 = tV t = 0, or 7T
p2( ^ )
and
= ( m im 2 ) ^ - ( J r w l z ^ ) ^ ^ A P o S Í n ( " f + 0 2 )
with
l X2C¿C0) n
09 = ' = 0, o r 7T
^2 PzCiío)
Note:
-m -^cú2 + (fci+ /c2) > 0 or ^ < J kj+kz

mi
/fc +fc
If o) < I—— mlf ?n2 will move in the same direction
m-L
If (o > r 1 , mlt m 2 will move in the opposite direction
/fc +fc
If a) = - í — \ m2 will not move, m, will have sinusoidal motion.
y] m-L
mx x x + c xx x + k x x x + c 2 (x, - x 2) + k2 (Xj - x 2) = p x(t) = 0 (1)
m2 x 2 + c 2 (jc2 - x x) + k 2 ( x 2 - X j ) = p 2(t) = P0 sin¿yí (2)
Laplace transform of Eqs. (1) and (2), assuming zero initial conditions, yields
[m-^s2 + (ca + c2)s + (/¿x + k2)]X i O) - (c2s + k 2)X 2(s) = Pt (s) = P 0i sin cot (3)
- (c2s + k2)X 1 (s) + (m2s 2 + c2s + k 2) •X2(s) = P2(s) = P 02sin cot (4)
By defining
Fi(s) -(c 2s + fc2) = P1(s)(m 2s 2 + c2s + fc2) + P2 (s)(c2s + k 2) (5)

£>iO) =
*200 (m2s 2 + c2s + k 2)
m-iS2 + ( q + c2)s + (k ± + k 2) P\ (s)

D 2(s ) =
- ( c 2s + /c2) P2(s)
= P i{s){c2s + fc2) + PzOXmiS2 + (cx + c2)s + fcj + fc2) (6)
m js2 + (q + c2)s + (/¿i + k2) —(c2s + k 2)

D(s) =
- ( c 2s + fe2) m2s 2 + c2s + fc2
= (m1m2)s 4 + ( m ^ + m2c1 + m2c2)s 3 + ( m ^ + m2/c1 + m2/c2 + q c ^ s 2
+(ci/c2 + c2k 2)s + k ±k 2 (7)
Eqs. (3) and (4) can be solved forXi(s) and X2(s) as
D i(s)
Xi (s) =
D(s)
F i(s)(m 2s2 + c2s + k2) + P2(s)(c2s + k 2)
(m1m2)s 4 + (mxc2 + 77i2 C! + m 2c2) s 3 + (m1fc2 + 77i2fc ! + 77i2/c2 + C!C2) s 2 + (q /c z + c2k 2)s + k ik 2
(8 )
¿>2 0 0
^ ( S) —
£>(s)
Pi(s) (c2s + A:2) + P2Cs)(7771s 2 + ( c, + c2)+ £ 1+ £ 2)
(77117712) s 4 + (771! C2 + 7n2 C! + 7712 C2) s 3 + (TTljfcz + TYl-2k ± + m2k 2 + C ^ S 2 + (Cifc2 + C2fe2)s + k±k2
5 -1 1 3
(9)
When damping is zero,
c± = 0; c2 = 0 (10)
The transfer function of can be expressed in two parts as
(idj) k2—m2(ii2
( 11)
Pi(i) ('m1m^)(ú4,-(Tn1k2+m2k1+m2k.2')(ú2+k1k2
x[2\ia>) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ k2_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( 12)

P2(ico) (m1m2) o»4- (mi k2+m2k±+m2k2) a)2+kxk2
and henee the Solutions for xi(1)(0 and xi(2)(f) can be expressed as
W = Pm SÍn(<Ut + 0 l ) (13)
with
^ = S r = ° ' o r i1 <14)
^ SÍn(<Ut+ 02) (15)

with
= 0 ' o r 7 r (16)
Henee, by adding Eqs. (13) and (15), we obtain
*i (0 =
fc?-771?a)2 n ■ / ' . . / -V ,
P01 sm(cüí + +
(7nim2)a>4—(7nik2+?n2/Ci+7n2fc2)672+fcifc2
^ 2 ______________________________________
P02 SÍn(¿üt + (j)2) (17)
(mi?n2)£i)4—(7nik2+m2fci+m2fc2)672+fe1/c2
ln a similar manner, the transfer function of X2can be expressed in two parts as

X ^ jiü i) ____________ fcj____________
(18)
?! (ico) (7ni7n2)áj4-(mifc2+m2fci+m2fc2)a)2+fcifc2
X ^ ( í6í) _ fei+fc2-mi6J2
(19)
1^2(ico) (7nim2)a)4-(77iifc2+7n2fci+m2fc2)<i)2+fci/c2
and henee th e Solutions forx2^(/) *2^(0 can be expressed as
5 -1 1 4
(20)
* 2 } (m1 m2 )6 J4 -(m1 k2 +m2 /c1 +m2 k2 )6 )2 +fc1 fc2 P q 1 Smâjt + &*)
with
^ = M Í ^ = ° - or,r (21)
= &BlWa]M«-(^ ^ ^ l,tj M. +tA P02sin(a)t + M (22)
with
, jrí^Cto) _ hM
0™4 = ~n
Pj Ciwr) = 0 , o r 7T 23
Henee, by adding Eqs. (20) and (22), we obtain
x2(t) =
***** — , " Pq2 sin(&)t + 0 4) +
(m 1m 2)cü4- ( m 1k 2+ ín 2k1+ m 2k2)cü2+ k 1k2 u/;
-------------------- — Pni Sin(düt + 0o) (24)

(m 1m 2)(u4-(7 n 1k 2+ m 2k1+ m 2k2)cd2+ k :Lk2 ux
5 -1 1 5
E g u o tio n s o f m o tio n ose ( s . ( ' ) o.r>d (>•2 ) ' )
500
Zm x, -f 3-f< - 2* tc2 _ jr (i) Ñ
tn X 2 — 2 * X, + 3k = o
o*5 i
i» .- d» > [ r » ]. & 3 - p « ] - [ í” :„
?= { » '“ ’}
Preguenc^ egucttibr» i f |-—£<3*^Crr>3 H"Ck3 | = 9 0 0 65 4- IOO OOO = o
Henee CJ, = ||*3 9 4 9 xo.¿ /% , CJ2 = z t - t S I ? nxA / 2
«XW.A 'C', = 0»55I4- ¿ ' ^2 =- O ' 22 64- ^•
U/e s e / e c t A t = o*o2 xS c e n í u se c e n t r di f fe r en. ee . m e h h o d fox
n u m e r t c o .1 so lu tio n (s e e eteu ^ ter // fo r d e ta íL s ).
The maín projrcum u/hícn co-llf C D ÍF F , the s u b r o u tin e E X T F t/N
and th e ou.tf?at are g iv e n h e /o w £ c D l F F í s Ir» P rc^ram 1 5 .F J * .
n n o n o o n
PRUGRAM
MAI N PRQGRAM WHICH C A L L S CDIFF
F O L L O w I N G 10 L I N E S C G N T A I N P R O B L E M- D E P E ND E NT DATA
PEAL M ( 2 , 2 ) , K ( 2 , 2 ) , M C C 2 , 2 ) , M K ( 2 , 2 ) , M C I ( 2 , 2 ) , MM C ( 2 r 2 )
DI ME NS I O N C C 2 , 2 ) , X I C 2 ) , X D I ( 2 ) , X D D I ( 2 ) , X M 1 ( 2 ) , F ( 2 ) , R ( 2 ) , R R ( 2 ) ,
2 X MKC 2 ) , X M I C 2 ) , X M 2 C2 ) , X P 1 ( 2 ) , Z A C 2 ) , Z B C 2 ) f Z C ( 2 ) , L A C 2 ) , L B ( 2 , 2 ) ,
3 S C 2 ) , X ( 5 0 , 2 ) , XDC 5 0 , 2 ) , X D D ( 5 0 , 2 )
DATA H , N S 1 E P , N S T E P 1 , D E L T / 2 , 4 9 , 5 0 , O • 0 2 /
DATA X I / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA XD 1 / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA M / 2 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 1 0 . 0 /
DATA C / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA K / 6 0 0 0 . 0 , - 4 0 0 0 . 0 , - 4 0 0 0 . 0 , 6 0 0 0 , 0 /
END GF PROBLEM- DEPENDENT DATA
C A L L C D I F F ( M , C , K , X I , X D I , X D D I , N , N S T E P , D E L T , F , R , R R , XM1 , XM2 , X P 1 ,
2 MC,MK,MCI,XMK,MMC,XMI,ZA,ZR,ZC,LA,LB,S,X,XD,XDD,NSTEP1 )
5 -1 1 6
* R IT E ( 1 3 , 1 0 )
10
FORMAT ( / / , 3 8 H S O L U T I O N BY CE NT R A L DIFFEPENCE ME T HO D , / )
¿ R I T E ( 1 3 , 2 0 ) N , N S T E P , DELT
20
FORMAT ( 1 2 H GI VEN D A T A S , / , 3 H N = , I 5 , 4 X , 7 H NS T E P = , 1 5 , 4 X , 6 H DET. T=,
El 5 . 8 , / )
WR I T E ( 1 3, 30)
30
FORMAT C 1 OH S O L U T I O N ! , / / , 5 H S T £ P , 3 X , 5 H T LMf f 3 X , 7 H X ( I , 1 ) , 3 X ,
8 H XD( 1, 1 ) ,2X#9 M XDD( 1 , 1 ) , 4 X , 7H X ( 1 , 2 ) , 3 X , 8 H X D ( I , 2 ) , 2 X ,
9 H XDD( 1 , 2 ) , / )
DO 4 0 , 1 = 1 , N S T E P 1
riM E=R EA L(I-l)*D E LT
40
WR I T E ( 13, 50) I,TIM E,X(1, 1 ) , XD( I , 1 ) , XDD( I , 1 ) , X ( I , 2 ) , XD( I , 2 ) ,XDD(
r , 2)
50
FORMAT (I X ,I 4 , F R . 4 , 6 ( 1X , E 1 0 . 4 ) )
STOP
END
C ======================================================================
C
C SUBROUTINE EXTFUN
C THIS SUBROUTI NE IS P ROBL E M- DEP E NDENT
C
C ======================================================================
S U B R O U T I N E EXTFUN ( F , T I M E , N )
D I ME N S I O N F ( N )
F ( l) s 0 ,0
F ( 2)=0. O
I F (TIME .Lt. 0.5) F (l)= 500.0
RETURN
END
SOLUTION BY CENTRAL DI FFEFENCEL. METHOD
GIVEN DATAS
N= 2 NSTEP= 49 DELT= 0 . 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E- 0 1
SOLUTION:
TI ME
X (I , 1) XD(If n XDD ( I , l )
X C1 ' 2 ^ XD( 1,2) X DD ( J , 2)
1 0.0000 0. OOOOE+OO O . OOOOE+OO
2 0.0200 0 . 2 5 0 0 E +02 o.oonoE+oo 0 . OOOOE+OO
0. 5 0 0 0 E- 0 2 0 . OOOOE+OO 0 . OOOOE + OO
3 0.0400 O . 2 5 0 0 E + Q 2 0 . OOOOE + OO
0. 1 9 4 0 E-01 O . 4 8 5 0 E +00 0 . OOOOE+OO 0 . OOOOE+OO
4 0.0600 0. 4 1 5 4 E- 0 1 0 . 2 3 5 0 E +02 0 . 8 0 0 0 E - 0 3 O . 2 0 0 0 E - Q 1
5 0.0800
0 . 9 1 3 4 E +00 0 . 1 9 3 4 E +02 0 . 4 5 1 2 F - 0 2 0 . 1 1 2 8 E + 0 0 0 . 2 0 0 0 E +01
6 0. 1000
O. 6 9 0 5 E- 0 1 0. 1241E+01 0 . 1 3 4 4 E +02 0 . 1 3 7 9 E - 0 1 0 . 3 2 4 7 E +00
0 . 7 2 8 0 E + 01
O. 9 9 3 8 E- 0 1 0. 1 4 4 6 E +01 0 . 1 3 9 1 F +02
7 0.1200 0. 1 3 0 2 E +00 0. 1 5 3 0 E +01
0 . 7 0 4 3 E +01 O . 3 0 8 0 E - 0 1
0 . 6 5 7 2 E +00 0 . 1 9 3 5 E +02
8 0 . 1 4U0 0 . 1 3 4 7 E +01 0 . 5 6 3 2 E - 0 1
0. 1 6 0 0 E +0 0 0. 1 5 1 5 E+D1 O . 1 0 6 3 E + 0 1 0 . 2 1 2 7 E+ 02
9 0.1600 - • 2 R 1 0 E +01 0 . 8 9 1 7 E - 0 1
0. 1 8 7 7 E +00 0. 1 4 3 6 E+01 0 . 1 4 5 9 F +01 0 . 1 8 3 1 E +02
10 " . 5 1 6 4 E +01 0 . 1 2 6 2 E + 0 0
0.1800 O. 2 1 2 9 E +0 0 0. 1 3 2 3E+0 J 0 . 1 7 4 7 E +01 0 . 1 0 5 0 F +02
- . 6 0 5 9 E +01 0 . 1 6 3 0 E + 0 0
0 . J 8 4 6 E + 01 " . 6 5 7 7 E +00
46 0 . 9 0 0 0 0 . 2 3 4 5 E +00 1 0 2 3 E +01 •• 8 7 3 7 E + 01 0 . 1 9 9 1 E+00
47 0 . 9 2 0 0 0 . 2 1 0 1 E+00 . 11 6 5 E + 01 " . 5 9 2 5 E +00 " . 2 7 1 4 F+C
48 ■. 55 3 3 E+ 0 1 O . 1 7 1 5 E+D0
0 . 9 4 0 0 0 . 1 8 4 2 E +00 . 1 2 5 8 E+ 0 1 " . 1 1 2 0 F +01 - . 2 5 6 5 E+C
49 . 3 7 1 7 E +01 0 . 1 3 6 5 E +0 0
0 . 9 6 0 0 0 . 1 5 7 1 Ef OO . 1 3 2 5 E + 01 • • 1 S 6 6 E+ 0 1 - . 1 8 8 9 E+C
0 . 9 8 0 0 0 . 1 2 9 0 E+0 O . 2 9 6 6 E+ 0 1 0 . 9 8 0 8 E* 0 1
. 1 3 7 9 E +01 1 8 3 7 E+0 ! - . 8 1 9 5 K+C
. 2 5 1 5 E+0 1 0 . 6 1 3 1 F-0 1
1 8 7 9 E +01 0 . 3 9 9 3 F +0
5 -1 1 7
É o iJ W ) Preûenc^ e g u a J r íc n is
4 ¿
■ 'I- U3« . M i - - t ; ! ■;;] = i d - 110 C3 + 8IOO ~ O
PRUGRAM £ » F
MAI N PROGRAM FOR C A L L I N G THE S U B P Ü U T 1 NE QUART
SOLUTION O F : A (1) * ( X * * 4 )+ A (2 ) * ( X * * 3) + A ( 3) * ( X * * 2 ) + A ( 4 )* X + A ( 5)=0

DI MENSI ON A ( 5 ) , R R ( 4 ) , R I ( 4 )
C F O L L O WI N G L I N E CONTATNS P R G B L E M- O E P E N O E N T DATA
DA T A A / l . 0 , 0 . 0 , - 2 7 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 8 1 0 0 . 0 /
C END OF PROBLEM- DEPENDENT DATA
WR I T E ( 2 6 , 1 0 ) ( A C I ) , T = 1 , 5 )
10 FÜRMAT ( / / , 3 1 H S O L U T I O N OF A Q U A R T I C E Q U A T I O N , / / , 6 H D A T A ? , / ,
2 7 H A ( 1 ) = , El 5 . 6 , / , 7 H A ( 2 ) = , E 1 5 . 6 , / , 7 H A ( 3 ) = , E 1 5 . 6 , / ,
3 7 H A ( 4 ) = , E 1 5 . 6 , / , 7H A ( 5 ) = , E 1 5 . 6 , / )
C A L L QUART C A , R P , F 1 )
viRITE ( 2 6 , 2 0 )
20 FORHAT ( / , 7 H R f i O T S : , / / , 9 H ROOT N O . , 3 X , 1 0 H REAL P A R T , 5 X ,
2 1 5 M I MAGI WARY P A R T , / )
DO 3 0 1 = 1 , 4
30 ' / JRITE ( 2 6 , 4 0 ) l , PF ( I ) , R 1 ( I )
40 FQRMAT ( 1 5 , 3 X , E 1 5 . 6 , 3 X , F. 1 5 . 6 )
STOP
END
SOLUTI ON OF A QUAR T I C EQUATI ON
DATA:
A( 1 ) = 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 E +01
A( 2 ) = O. OOOOOOE+ OO
A( 3 ) = - 0 . 2 7 0 0 0 0 E +03
A( 4) = 0 . OOOOOOE+OO
AC5 ) = 0 . 8 1 0 0 0 0 E +04
rüots :
ROOT NO. REAL PART I MAGI NAPY PAP. T
1 - 0 . 1 5 3 5 Ü0 E +02 O. OOOOOOE+OO
2 - 0 . 5 8 6 3 1 9 E+ 0 1 O . O O OO O OE + ÜO
3 0 . 5 8 6 3 1 9 E +01 O. OOOOOOE+OO
4 0 . 1 5 3 5 0 0 E +02 O. OOOOOOE+OO
( ¿) ( - 0.2 CJ? + 3 6 ) -1 8 xj.r ' =—oO ; ^ = 1,2
WrC-fcinj = ( ~ ° '2 + - ) XT = ri Xi°
Y± =. { - ° ' z (5 '8 £ 1 ,<í ) Z + } / i8 = I- 6 I8 0 3 3 4

r2 = [_o*2 ( I S - í O * + 36 } / t s = - o* 6 ISO 27 3
Egs- ( 5 - 13) j«Ve x°> = (-44722 , X,f° = 0.55279 , = ^2 = 0
DíSj?la-cemenií rnasses and 1712 are given E^s-(5*1?)
X ,(- f c ) = 1 -4 4 7 2 1 COS ( 5 .& É 3 I ? * ) + 0 - 5 5 2 7 7 (^5(15-356 )
* * (* ) = 2 -3 4 1 6 5 CoS ( 5 - ? 6 3 l 7 f c ) - o .? 4 lé 4 CoS ( | 5 . 3 ? t )
5 -1 1 8
o o o r.
PHOBLF.M 5.92
D L ME T S I O ' J C ( 2 , 2 ) , F Z ( 2 )
REAL K ( 2 , 2 ) , M ( 2 , 2 )
CÜMPLF. X Z ( 2 , 7 ) , X C 2 ) , A A , RH, DEN
C IímPUT DATA
DATA '1/ 0 . 1 , 0 . O , 0 . 0 , 0 . 1 /
OATA C/l . 0, 0 .
0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0/
DATA K / 4 0 . O, -
20. O,- 20. O,20. 0/
DATA F Z / 1 . 0 , 2 . 0 /
UMF = 5 . 0
C END UF I N P U T DATA
t)Ú 10 1 = 1 , 2
DO 10 . J = l , 2
A = - ( O M K * * 2 ) * M( T , J J + R ( t , J )
b=QMF*CCI,J)
10 Z ( I , J ) = C >1p LX ( A , B )
DEM=Z(1 , 1 ) * Z ( 2 , 2 ) - Z ( 1 , 2 ) * Z ( 1,2)
AA =Z(2 , 2 ) *CMPLX(FZ(1 ) , 0 .U)
ilR=2 ( l ,¿ ) * C M P L X C F Z (2 ) , 0 . 0 )
X c 1 ) = ( A A - f l B ) / DE N
A A = Z (1 ,l)*CMt»LJC(FZ(2 ) , 0 . n )
bE5= Z ( l , 2 ) * C ^ P L X C F Z ( 1 ) , 0 . 0 )
X ( 2 ) = CAA-IJB)/DEN
P R 1 NT 2 0 , X ( l ) , X ( 2 )
20 FÜHMAT ( / / , 2 X , 2 5 H SOL ÜT I OM OF PROBLE" * 5 . 4 9 , / / , ¿ X ,
2 7 H X C 1 ) = , 2 E l b . 8 , / , 2 X , 7 H X C2 ) = , ? E 1 5 . t í , / )
PRINT 3 0 , OMF
30 FflRM AT ( 2 X , 6 H OMF = , E 1 5 . B )
S T OP
END
SOLUTI ON OF PHOBLEM 5 .9 2
X C1 ) = 0 . 2 0 0 9 5 8 9 8 E + Q0 - 0 , 6 8 6 2 0 1 3 8 E - 0 1
X( 2 ) = 0 . 3 4 3 9 5 3 1 O E + O O - O . 7 8 4 2 3 0 1 6 E- 0 1
OMF = O . 5 UÜO 0 0 0 0 F. +01
5 -1 1 9
Fr ee v i b raA\or\ res por) se o%- ihe s^/sfem sboum in F-5. 5.24: ;
M , ~ ( 000 , ^ £= r r v j - 2 , ™ 2. ~
x ,(í)s |, x 20 ) = o , i , f®)= - 1, * 2íO =o
6* , ^ W 22 = .+ — 1 ( K> + K l +
* 4 +- fj~J- h*“± ^
Y _ + Z
2 wii 2 r»2 (4 V « | » i/ W (m 2 J
- < ■ !? .! ? T f í ( J ? i + S 2S ) * - i^ . s j í
= 25o; \o o o
09,= 1 5 - 8 1 1 4 ro J/O ? , = 31- 6 2 2.8 rcad/^S

xl° k. 500
= 2
X, - w 2 69^ + f<2 - I (2 5 a) +500
r. - X* ! ? - **• ^ /V \
2” " T í) ~* _ 2. , — — - I (EO
*( m 2 ü9 2 -f fc^ - t ( lo o o ) + 5 oo
x ( Cfc) - cos ( c J , t + ¡ ¿ q 4- X|C° e<^ ( ^ 2- t -f 5^2. )
* z (-fc) = r( x ^ ' ^ c¿xs (^9 1 £ •+ $ , ) + r 4 x f 2) o r f + s^ a ) (e ? )
IniiioJ. Cj^Yy-ÁjJtiEcrrvS * ^ ¿sX Á ;
SC|0>)= 1 = x , '5 o 5 (I5-SH 4 -t + ^ 0 + X,(:° COS (3 l-6228 t + <(¿)
« 2(o)= o = 2 X i ° OcrJ (|5.gH4 i i £ 1) - x [ ° (f 3 f -£ 2 2 S i + já ¿)
ñ , (») = - ! = -69, x [ ° S f n (|S-SII<Í t + * ,') _ C,SZ X|( Z ) Sin (31-822 í t +
X 2f0)= O = _ r, Cí9, X ¡ ° S « ‘n (15-811 _ r 2üS2 X ^ i n (3 I -622 * ¿ + ^ ¿ )
XC, ° ^s-* + x f ^ c o S <f 2 =. I CE ? )
2 X ? 5 CoS 5L1 - X|fí^ <L*-í = O (E 0
-15-8114 x f i ; s.'n 0, - 3 l - é 2 8 S X ,0 Sin 4¿ - - \ (£7 )
- 31- 62 2 8 X [ ° s't'n f í, •+ 3 I- 62 2 S X f i } Sm pl s - a (E g)
S o /u fion 0$ 5 ) c u rv d £ E’ g ) ;
~ 3 (£ 9)
XC
l° ^ i (E '°)
5-120
S o lu t r o n o f ( ^ 7) C ^ O :
O h)
X? ^ <£| = 0-o 2 l o 2
( e i0
x f ^ s*n </>2 = O'O 2 \ 0 8
' 0 -3 3 ^ i - o *06 8 16 r o J
E ^ s- ( ^ 9) o ^ r J ( ^ i 0 ;
E$S- C ^ io ) ( ^ ( 2) y ie U : ¡^ = 0 - 6 6 7 , f z - 0-03161 ro-4
R es pon s e :
x , ( t ) =. 0 - 3 3 ¿ f C o S ( IS ■ 8 I J ^ i -i- o . o 6 3 l é )
(Eli)
-b o- 6 6 7 c o s ( 3 1 . 622. 8 t + f l < o 3 16 ( ^
X2( i ) ^ 0-66& Ccrf (iS-SU^t + 0-0 63 16^

C£ iv )
- 0 -6 6 1 c o s ( 3 l - 6 2 Z 8 - é + 0 ’0 3 l £ l ' )
flo tti'n j o f Eg,s. ( E n ) oaU (E|¿#):
%y Ex5_93.m 1
f o r i = 1 : 501
t ( i ) = 10 * ( i - D / 5 0 0 ;
x l ( i ) = 0.334 * c o s ( 1 5 . 8 1 1 4 * t ( i ) + 0.06316)
+ 0.667 * c o s (31.6228*t(i) + 0.03161);
x2 (i) = 0.668 * cos(15.8114*t(i) + 0.06316)
- 0.667 * cos(31.6228*t(i) + 0.03161);
5 -1 2 1
end
s u b p l o t (2 1 1 ) ;
p lo t(t,x l);
xlabel ( 't ') ;
y l a b e K ' x l ( t ) ')
s u b p l o t (2 12 ) ;
p l o t ( t , x 2) ;
x l a b e l (' t ' );
y l a b e l ( ' x 2 (t ) ' )
For tí\e ¡ hi ' éi c ut Conditions
* i (o ) - i } (o ) = 2 , X , ( O ~ I í z ( a) = - Z >
Eg 5 * ( E 3 ) °í S o lu + ío * o¡ P ro U e y y ) 5.93 y le lj
JC-\ O3 ) ~ í =■ Xj CjtÍ Ce,)
7*2 0 0 = 2 = 2 XÔoS ^/ - X Cí?S ^ 2. ( E¿ )
( =: _/5.g//9 -3I.ÍZ 2 8 X ^ S in ?í 2 fe )
^ 2^ )= -2 = -31*0228 x f #) Sin +- l \ ' é 2 . 2 9 * f Z) Sm Ce¿<)
Eg * • (e , ' ) c u r d C Ô gfve :
X ,< ° C oS fil - i , X , ^ C.OS ^ ¿ = o C E0
^ l s‘ C e O (E if) yieLJ
( 1^ S í n ^, = o- O 2 I 0 8 í X ^ ^ S i n ^ ^ - - 0 ‘ 0 í/ 2 ( é C^g')
BôXZcm8 ( E g -) oyrvd ( E ^ ) ectvn Le u s e d obfaun

CO i
•Xj = 1*000 2 2 2 J o* o 2 IOS r«-«
x f 2) =, 0 * 0^2 1 6 , <5¿ 2 = ^ roud
Response o£ ik e s^stew:
X , O t ) = |*C>00 2 2 2 COS ( / 5 - t -t o'O 2 IOS)

■i o. o ¿i 2 1(8 coS ( * | . 622 8 i + ^ ) Ce 7>
^ 2 c t ) =: 2 . o 00 to s ( ( 5 * S>f/*y £ i - Q . o 2 \ o 8 ^
- 0 . 0 ¿ / 2 (é eos (? | . é 2 2 5 £ -f ^ ) C ^s)
P lo ttfn j oí B ^ s - ( B y ' ) a¿r\A ( e %) :
5 -1 2 2
% Ex5_94.ni
for i = 1:. 501
t (i) = 10 * (i-D /500;
x l (i ) = 1.000222 * c o s (15.8114*t(i) + 0.02108)...
+ 0.04216 * c o s (3 1 .6228*t(i) + pi/2);
x2 ( i ) = 2.000444 * c o s (15.8114*t(i) + 0.02108)...
-0.04216 * c o s (31.6228*t(i) + pi/2);
end
s u b p l o t (2 1 1 ) ;
p l o t (t , x l ) ;
xla bel( 't ');
y la b e l('x l(t) ' )
s u b p l o t (2 12 ) ;
p lot(t,x2) ;
x l a b e l ( ' t ') ;
y la b e l ( 'x 2 (t ) ' )
5 -1 2 3
- Q_, % Ex5J95.ni
--J » A = l e 6 * [ 2 5 - 5 ; - 5 5]
A =
25000000 -5000000
-5000000 5000000
» B = [ 1 0 00 0 0; 0 5 00 0 ]
B =
10000 0
0 5000
» [ V, D] = eig(A, B)
V =
0.8719 0.2703
-0.4896 0.9628
D =
1.0e+003 *
2.7808 0
0 0.7192
D i f f e r € n t i cul e ^ u c u t i o n S ;
2 S in 3 *t CEO
lo x 2 - j X, 4 5 - i o K | -f i o y. 2 - 5 c.c>s s i (£ z )
L eí x ,
V , = 1* *i
?* = X l
( E l " ) a^ ríA ( . E l') C£Lr\ t e TSW rihiem oJ>
2 ^ + 3 » ^2 - 5 ^ + 50 V, - l O y 3 = 2 S i'n 3 t
1° - 5 ^2 + 5 Htf - 10 V\ + I* - 5 eos 5 t
or
n i
A )
....................... f
! **- = 4
p* ^ )
i
or
WÍ
5 -1 2 4
ano! £ ¡s g íven kg ¿ h e f ig h t ha.no) ííole oj? Eg* (E s ").
S o lu t io n o/ u gíng ÍY IA T Í-A B :
% Ex5_96.m
% T h is program w i l l use the fu n c tio n dfun5_96.m >/ they should
% be in the same fo ld e r
tspan = [0: 0.4: 20];.
yO = [1; 0; - 1 ; 0] ;
[ t , y ] = ode23 (' dfun 5_96 ' , tspan, yO) ;
d is p ( 7 t xl(t) x d l( t ) x 2 (t ) x d 2 ( t ) 7) ;
d is p ( [t y ] );
s u b p lo t (2 1 1 );
p l o t (t / y ( : , 1 ) ) ;
x l a b e l ( ' t 7) ;
y l a b e l ( 7x l ( t ) 7) ;
s u b p lo t(212) ;
p l o t ( t , y (: , 3 ) ) ;
x l a b e l ( 71 7);
y l a b e l ( 7x 2 (t ) 7) ;
% dfun5_96-m
fu n c tio n f = dfun!5_96 ( t , y )
f = z e r os ( . 4 , l ) ;
f (1) = y (2) ;
f (2) = - 1 0 * y (2) + 2 . 5*y(4) - 25 *y ( l ) + 5*y(3) + s i n ( 3 * t ) ;
f (3) = y (4) ;
f (4) = 0 . 5*y(2) - 0 . 5*y(4) + y ( l ) - y ( 3 ) + 0 . 5 * c o s ( 5 * t ) ;
5 -1 2 5
R e s u l t s o f Ex5_96
**********************************
» E x i5 _ 9 6
t x l (t) xdl(t) x2(t) xd2(t)
0 1 .0000 0 -1.0000 0
0 .4000 0.3177 -1.4828 -0.8995 0.3577
0.8000 -0.0076 - 0 . 34 8 2 -0.7604 0.3375
1 .2000 -0.0763 -0.0594 -0.5974 0 .5230
1 .6000 -0.0741 0.0612 -0.3445 0.6835
2 .0000 -0.0356 0.1222 -0.1033 0.4929
2 .4000 0.0214 0.1625 0 .0716 0 . 43 71
18. 800 0 -0.0268 0.0072 0.0066 -0.0481

19. 200 0 0.0010 0.1087 0.0196 0 .0720
19. 600 0 0.0331 0.0247 0.0233 -0.0721
2 0. 0 0 0 0 0.0178 -0.0827 -0.0117 -0.0459
cx/t Con s : 2 Tn X-f + X , - 2 te X 2 - F, ( £ *>
m i 2 - 2K + 3 fe ^ 2 ~ 0
i*e-, X, - - ? 0 O *1 + 2 0 0 -+ ^ F, ( O
¿¿2 = 4-00 * i — S o o x z
* I ■zero
'm itie d
a-r\< 2(0) =
ConeAi bionS
a$s u m ed
n &.f L*.a£¿ ¿tvl-? |?£ Solved cvr6 :

'V *
y*
ií = -3 0 ( j y, t 2 (3 0 ^ +- ^ F( C O
Jbt
y ¿i
(Fl)
4.00 y¡ — ¿ 0 6 y^
% y jjr\ FjC'O /5¡^0 W h tr» W e £ l'3 U r e :
m A T L /\ B S o l w ’f í 'o y n o £ E g,. ( Ej^ /
5-126
% Ex5__97.m
% T h is program w i l l use the fu n c tio n dfun:5_97 .m, they should
tsp an = [0: 0.01: 5] ;
yO = [0; 0; 0; 0] ;
[t ,y] = o de 23 ( ' dfun!.5_97':' , tsp a n , yO) ;
s u b p lo t (211) ;
p l o t ( t , y (: ,1 ) ) ;
x la b e l(' t ' ) ;
y l a b e l ( ' x l (t) ' ) ;
s u b p lo t (212) ;
p lo t (t ,y (:,3 )) ;
x la b e l( ' t ') ;
y l a b e l ( 7x 2 (t) ' ) ;
%" dfur5_97.ni
fu n c tio n f = d fu n 5 _ 9 7(t,y )
F l = 500 * s te p fu n (t, 0.0) - 500 * s te p fu n (t, 0 . 5 ) ;
f = zeros(4,1);
f (1) = y ( 2 ) ;
f (2) = -300*y(1) + 200*y(3) + F l / 2 0 ;
f (3) = y (4) ;
f (4) = 400*y(1) - 500*y( 3 ) ;
5 -1 2 7
5.98) F r e &u e n c # e &u ^ ' ‘o n ^
m ( m 2 CS^ — 2) *^2 + ( te 2 + 1*3*) 1711 J- ^
+ { ( * i + * 0 ( * 2 + t e s ') ^ 'te2 } — O (El)
W i’tk m , = rr>2 s o-2 , 1¿ l - 1<2 r I S C LvJ ^ ? = O}
Eg • ( E teco m es
2.
O' O Cdn - \0 > 8 05 -f 3 2 4 = ¿>
or 05 ^ — 2 7c> 69^ -+ S l o o - o (B z )
S o Iu. t í o n o/ £g,.(£fc') uSín^ /TlATLAS*.

% Ex5_98.m
» r o o t s ( [1 O - 2 7 0 0 8 1 0 0 ] )
ans =
15.35001820805078
-15.35001820805078
5.86318522754564
-5.86318522754564
m,i Y” tz “ 12 *1
+ —
12. C 22. X.
¿ csí i-----i
~ ^'(5 ^ = 1^ 2 ) i ' s j - ' l (tO
v/ 2 í<5Í
* ¿ (,-t) = X j e. i i - (-a (* />
Egs. ( 5 . 3 5) •
’
Z 2Z(<Cás) F l0 — Z j2 (¿09) Fgo
X, (¿0 9 ) = (**)
Z„ (¿W ) Z , a (iC5) - Z,J Cf « )
- Z |2 ( ¿ 09) Fí0 -t- Z y í ( ¿ c ¿ ) Fzo

X,(ií<9) = (Es)
z,i ( ¿ o * ) z 22 C¿o$) - z (2 ( ¿ o ? )
wtiere
{ i o s ' ) — — 05 m ps> -j- ¿ 09 c r s " f - j» ^ ~
E > a J r < a j *.
no 11 = Ynl 2 - o- I , PO,2 ' 0 ; C ^ 1*0; C, 2 ~ c 2. 2 -
* ,, = 4 0 , k z i ~ 20, * |Z = _ z ^ F/o= I , p2 o r
69^ 5
H e n c€ Z M (<*as>) - 3 7.5 + 5 X , Z l 2 f ¿ 0 9 )= - 20
5-128
amd 2^2. = 17' 5
$o ( w h i o n u5ing PQ A T L A •
( R ed a srd Ir r ia g ¿ r u z n y jp a ^ t s ¿r£ x, ( i ) ow nj ( i')
J iv er, Ly Eg,. ( E j ' ) )
% Ex5_99.m-
m ll = 0.1;
m22 = 0.1 ;
m i2 = 0;
e l1 = 1.0;
cl2 = 0;
c22 = 0;
k ll = 40;
k22 = 20;
kl2 = -20;
FI O = 1;
F20 = 2;
w = 5;
zll = c o m p l e x ( ( - w A2 * m l l + k ll), w *cll);
zl2 = c o m p l e x ( ( - w A2 * m l 2 + k!2), w *cl2);
z22 = c o m p le x ((-w ^ 2 * m 2 2 + k 2 2 ) , w *c2 2) ;
XI = (z22*FlO - zl2*F20)/ (zll*z22 - zl2*zl2)
X2 = (-zl2*FlO + z ll* F 2 0 )/ (zll*z22 - zl2*zl2)
for i = 1: 101
t(i) = 5* ( i - 1 ) / 1 0 0 ;
xl(i) = XI * exp(complex(0, w*t(i)));
x2(i) = X2 * exp(complex(0, w*t(i)));
end
s u b p l o t (231);
plot(t, real(xl));
x la b e l( 't ');
title ('R e a l p art o f x l ( t ) #) ;
s u b p l o t (232);
plot(t, im ag(xl));
x la b e l( 't ');
t i t l e ( ' Imaginary p a rt of x l ( t ) ');
s u b p l o t (233);
plot(real(xl), im ag(xl));
title ('x l: x -r e a l y -im a g ');
s u b p l o t (234);
plot(t, real(x2));
x la b e l( 't ');
title ('R e a l part o f x2(t)');
5-129
s u b p l o t (235) ;
plot(t, imag(x2 ) ) ;
xlabel( 't ' ) ;
t i t l e ( ' Imaginary p a r t of x 2 (t)');
s u b p l o t (236);
p l o t ( r e a l ( x 2 ), im a g (x 2 ) ) ;
t i t l e ( ' x 2 : x -r e a l y - i m a g ');
Real part of x1 (t) Imaginary part of x1 (t) x1: x-real y-imag
Real part of x2(t) Imaginary part of x2(t) x2: x-real y-imag
t t
R oots o£ H e z f u o J o \ cy\ \
5 .1 0 0 ' u
X ^ - 3 2 2 4 V X 2 — 2o X - (200 = O
USinj (DAT L A B :
% Ex5_100.m
»r o o ts ([l -32 244 -20 -1200])
ans =
20.00000000000001
11.15980239097340
2.77656274263302
-1.93636513360642
5 -1 3 0
The s y s te m sh ow n in F,*y. /A
Can be <dr¿tu/n Tn va A en t
ío r m /íh ow n ín F<’^ * B
U /A e r e ¿ofcA p u lL ey? ha-ve ¿Ae
sa-mc r a d i a s , r± .
The i Va, leñ é iria -jf
m o m e rft in e r tia , of
fu lle y 2 ¿e comf>u.tec(
in d r ffe r e n t sjaeed r a .t fo s
as :
Fi'9. B
^ (ijbeed ra-iio)
-- * ( & ■
*( m í ■■® )‘
or
¿T2' = 0 - Í S 3 7 c7¿ ; 0-5/02 • 1-6531 «£ ; 4 . 5 9 /S ¿5
• S t ííf ness o í -¿-Ae Ae¿£ ("on ea~cJ) s i J e ) is y i ven ¿y

A E
* =
W/here A = c ro s s — sea b io n a ^ i a-rea, o f A e t t , E = YounyV m o d u L u s
and — le n g t h o f t h e b e .L t, L e n g t h o f f e Ae¿-¿: f d ista -n ce.
P, P2. ín F i'y .A ^ is g iv en \>y
x
z
a. [ 4 c 1 - ( p - J Y ]
Xn H íS e * a m ^ le , C = 5 W , D “ / ^ ^ é - 0.2 5 m £enc-e
£ - \ ( 5) - C I - O' 2O * 3 Z = 4 ‘ 9 S 5 d rn
■' T s s is T = 2 -005' 7 * '°9 A N/ «
E g u c t f ’Con c>í m otion :
*¡ + C0 i + = O ¿1 -+■ 0, ( " l + ~ o
^2 + fet (&l + ®z) = O ¿Ti ¿’2 -f- &z £ E É + í) =
5 -1 3 1
J, J-2'
= 2. 4 c r ,2- (s e e soíu b i'o n of jir o lle m 5 .6 8 ).
fíe r e J", = O* i f<^-mz a_nd = <7 , 2 . -K^ - ■ Xn a rJe r /o r He
na-tu rai /reg,u.enc^ bó be awa^- fro m He speedr
150, 2 5 0 ,3 5 0 ,4 5 0 amd 75o rj>m [ o r , CS-Voí, 26»/20j
3 6 • £5 2 , ¿f~1,l2.£f « .n d ~ 7 8- 5¿ í-o r a d / secj- ?
CSn < 15.708 ra d / s e c
G3n > 78,5Ô ra-d / sec
S in ce k?n « n v o lv e s A f tfZ rou .jh , ib Can cfe-term m ej
fro m He oJoove meg,u.a¿i ¿ i e s *
Velocity o f tup before impact is given by:
— mtup v 2 = mtup g h or v = "V 2 g h = V 2 (9.81) (2) = 6.2642 m /sec

2
(a) Impact is inelastic:
Conservation of momentum leads to:
■E-4up ^frup ~c ânvil (9) = (^-tup ”b ^-*-anvil) ^0
or = (1000) (6,26421 = 0 4 4 0 m /s
/sec
ü (1000 + 5000) '
(b) Natural frequencies:
k 1i +' •k“ ■z2 1 I kj_ + k2 k2 ki k2
V
o — , *-2
(jjn 1= ~|-----------+
’ 2mj 2 m2 4 ' mi m2 m i m2
Thus the natural frequency requirement can be stated as:

cj
ff =
(2 nf
1
(2 n )>
k i + k2
50000
k2
10000 V ki + k2
25000
k2
5000
ki k 2
125 (106)
' > (52)
(1)
5 -1 3 2
(c) Free vibration response:
Initial conditions:
X j(0 ) = x 2 (0) = Xí(0) = 0, x 2 (0) = v 0 = 1.0440 m /sec
M áxim um forces in th e springs:

F i = k l X l |max (2)
F 2 = k 2 (x 2 - x j |max (3)
F o r a helical spring, th e shear stress (r) u n d er an axial forcé F is given by:
8 F D
r = k„ (4 )
7r d 3
2D + d
w here k 3 = shear stress correction factor = ^ ^ D = m ean coil diam eter, and d
= w ire diam eter.
Ref: J. E . Shigley and C. R. M ischke, "M echanical Engineering Design," 5 th E d.,

M cGraw-Hill, New York, 1989.
Since stress is to be less th a n th e yield stress w itth a factor of safety of 1.5, w e have
^"yield
Ti <
1.5
(5)
^yield
T2 <
1.5 (6)
w here an d r 2 denote th e shear stresses induced in th e springs k i an d k 2, respectively,
Tyield i3 ^ke shear stress corresponding to th e yield stress of th e m aterial.
5 -1 3 3
Chapter 6
Multidegree of Freedom Systems
© Equations o f motion:
m i'xi = — k xx — 5 k (xí — x3) — k (xx — x2) + F x(t)
m2 x2 = — k (x2 - xO - k (x2 - x3) + F 2(t)
m3 x3 = — 5 k (x3 — xx) — k (x3 — x2) — k x3 + F 3(t)
or
1-----
, a
*1 -1 -5 *i F i(t)
o
o
H
••
0 m2 0 x 2 ■+ k -1 2 -1 x 2 •= ■F*(t)
0 o ni3 -5 -1 7 x3 F s(t)
x3
*
m, x, n ,3 X 3
Te*)
'k TU, Yíl
► x .Ct)
m 0
2. x 2.
F .l± )
< í ( x z- * | )
^ ► X2
J 0 Q= - 2 k c 9 — xy. i - 3 k (0 i) € + Mfc
T 1 4
2 m Xi = — 2 k - k (xx - x 2) + F X
$ —c i l ~ 7 e
,,
m x 2 = - k (x 2 - Xl ) + F
where J0 = — (2 m ) = — m <?2
3 3
These equations can be stated in matrix^form as:
6-1
h - ÍH * 3* O f )
A c €2 zt
im /1 16 4 0 Q
3 0 0
- Xl ■+ c£ q ■¿ i
0 2 m 0 - _____ 0
.. 4
0 0 m X2 0 0 x2
0 /
25 k ^ 2
k £ o Q Mt
8
Xl •= ■F i
1 2m
+ k €
3k -k
x2 f 2 T i ..
2
-k k r Xl 2171 *f
■k (*,—xj.)
k (X2 - X .)
JH t !
2 Xl í n x .
* ( * 2“ Xa ) C( ¿ 2 "* /0
J_ T
5 rn
1T
! 2m x •*
V £ 5m x,
k (*A- * í ) C ^ A “ * 2.)
E q u a tio n of m otion for ro tatio n ab o u t B:
5 €
J q 6 — 2 m Xq = k x 3 (5 i) - F 3 (5 i) + k (xA - x 2) (2 í) + c (xA - x 2) (2 i)
( 1)
E q u a tio n o f m otion for ro ta tio n a b o u t D:
5 €
Jq 0 + 2 m x G = - k xi (5 i) + F1 (5 €) - k (xA - x 2) (3 €) - c (xA - x 2) (3 €)
( 2)
E q u a tio n of m otion of mass 5m in v ertical direction:
5 m x 2 = — k (x 2 — xA) — c (x 2 - xA) + F 2 (3)

N oting tb a t
1 w _ ^2 _ 25 __ ff% „ xx - x 3 Xj + X 3
Jg = — (2 m) (5 £) = — m £ ; Q— ; xG =
12 6 ’ S€
3 . 2
and xA = x x — 2 £ 6 = — x j H x3
5 5
6-2
Eqs. ( l) to (3) can be rew ritten as:
m ..
Xi + — m x 3 + | H - k x 3 + ¿ k Xl
¿ ó
2 v . 6 • _L —4 C X•3 - -2 C X. 2 = F_ 3 (4)
kX2 + 25 " CXl +
_ .. _ , 3
— m X! -f — x 3 + - k X l - - k x 2
25 1 5 2
» ó . , o
— c Xl- - c x 2 + — cx3 (5)
25
3
5 m x2 k Xj + k x 2 k x3
5
33 * , 2 ' T7
y C X 1 +CX2 - y C X 3 = F ¡ (6)
E q u atio n s o f m otion: -k x-i
Mass M: M x 3 = — k x L + T — 2 k (xx — x 3 — r 6) + F j (1 )
M ass m : m x 3 = — 3 k x 3 + 2 k (xí — x 3 — r 6 ) + F 3 (2)
Mass 3m: 3 m x 2 = F 2 — T (3)
R o ta tio n of pulley:
J0 6 = T (3 r) + r (2 k) (xx — x 3 — r 9)
(4)
T (tensión)
N oting th a t
x 2 - Xl 1* O r x j - r e )
e=
3r
and
x2 - x x
Xi — x 3 — r 9 = xx —x3 —r = JX .--X 3 -X 3
3r
Eq. (4) can b e used to find th e tensión T as: 3-k *3 *mx3
Jo
T = (x 2 - x i ) - j k xx + j k x2 + j k x3 (5)
9 r‘
U sing th e expression of T , Eqs. (1) to (3) can be rew ritten as
Jo Jo . .. 41 . 8 . 8 . T-y fí\
M + Xl — x2 + — k Xj - — k x 2 - — k x 3 = F ^ t ) ( 6)
9 r‘ 9r 9 9
Jo
xi + 3m + x2 - y k x 1 + - | - k x 2 + - | - k x 3K = F 2 (t) (7)
9 r' 9 T‘
m x 3 — — k Xj + — k x 2 + 5 k x 3 = F 3 (t) ( 8)
6-3
h e g 9 2-
nz
®4
n
M s 4- ^
n2 n4
^2e(l = ^2 + I 3 ; I 3eq = I 4 + I 5
n3 n5
E q u atio n s of m otion:
Ii 91 + k ti (#1 — 92) = cos co t
ni
I2 + I3 é2 + k ti (9 2 — $i) + k t 2 — ( @ 2 --------- ^ 3 ) r" 0
n3 n3 n3
I4 + I5 ^3 + kt2 ($3 — $2 — ) + k ^ — (#3 ---------#4) = 0

ni n3 115 n5
le $4 + k ^ (#4 — 93 — ) = 0
n5
(^ 6 ^ j M x 3 = — c 2 (x 3 - e l é - X i ) — k 2 (x3 0-Xx)
- c 2 (x 3 + €1 9 - ¿ 2) - k 2 (x 3 + <?2 9 - x2)
'JG 9 = C2 (x 3 “ A é — ¿ 1) + k 2 (x 3 — ¿x 9 — x x)
— c 2 (x 3 + ¿2 9 — 'k2) €2 “ k 2 (x 3 - f ^ ~ x 2) ^2 (2)
m i x j = - c 2 (xx — x 3 + ^ 9) — k 2 (xx — x 3 + €1 9)
— ex ¿x — kx xx + F j (3)
m 2 x 2 = — c 2 (x 2 — x 3 €2 6) k 2 (x 2 x3 €2 9)
— k j x 2 — ex x 2 + F 2 (4)
Eqs. (1) to (4) can be rewritten as
M 3 x 3 + 2 c 2 x 3 — c 2 ¿x — c 2 x 2 + 2 k 2 x 3
+ 9 (k 2 € 2 — k 2 € 1) — k 2 Xx — k 2 x 2 = 0 (5)
6 -4
V
* 1*1 *2
J G (9 + (c 2 ^1 + C2 ¿ 2) ^ + (_ c 2 A + c2 ^ 2) x 3 + c2A ^1 — c2 A ¿2
+ (— ¿2 ^1 + k 2 ^ 2) x 3 + k 2 A Xi — k 2 ¿2 x 2 + (k 2 ¿’f + k2 t\ ) $ = O(6 )
mi xx + (Ci + c2) ¿1 — c2 ¿3 + c2 €x 9 + (ki + k2) xj.

- k 2 x3 + k 2 A ^ = F i (7)
m 2 x2 -f (ci 4- c2) x2 — c2 x3 — c2 ^
+ (ki + k2) x2 — k 2 x3 — k 2 <?2 ^ = F 2 * ( 8)
6 -5
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6-21
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<— fc
*11 *Zl * 3l
(i) Set x x = 1, x 2 = x 3 = 0:
Equilibrm m o f forces:
kn — k — 5k — k = 0 or kn = 7k ; k 2i = — k ; k 31 = — 5k
1— ^ * 1=0 • 1—
(ii) Set x 2 = 1 , Xx = x 3 = 0:
Equilibrhim o f forces:
k 12 = - k ; k 22 - k - k = 0 or k 22 = 2k ; k 32 = - k
| -= O j = 1— * *3 = *
— > Sk
m\ m2 ------ > -k < ----- m3 _ *fc
23 r3?
*13
(iii) Set x 3 = 1, Xi = x 2 = 0:
Equilibrium o f forces:
k 13 = ~ 5k ; k 23 = — k ; k 33 = 7k
7 -1 -5
[k] = -1 2 -1
-5 -1 7
*92
Zm
T■X.i-0
■\z T•k
±
m m
TT)
1 T ■Z\
I 11
T
X 2s |
* 2= °
(i) Give 0 = 1, Xi = x 2 = 0:
Equilibrium equatious:
25 k<f
k^ = 3 k ^ + 2 k (^/4) = — - k ; k 1# - - — ; k,# = 0
(ii) Give Xi = 1, 6 = x 2 = 0:
Equilibrium equatious:
k<f
k í ! = - 2 k (<?/4) = - — ; k n = 2 k + k = 3 k ; k21 = - k
6 -2 3
(ni) Give x 2 = 1, 9 = xx = 0:
Equilibrium equations:
IV
tv
- k ; k 22 = k
1
II
II
w
o
25 k
8 o
2
[k] = k£
3k -k
2
-k k
0
■21 X2= 0
£ M b = 0 or k 31 (5 f) - k (2 <f) = 0 or k31 = - |r k
9 Ir 34
£ M D = 0 or k u (5 0 — k (5 0 — (3 0 - 0 or k n = — k
3 3
F = 0 at mass 5m or k 21 + — k = 0 or k 2i = —k
S i ----------------
*11 * 1= °
S M b= 0 or k 33 (5 €) - ~ (2 €) - k (5 €) = 0 or k 33 = — k
25
6 -2 4
2 k 6
M d = O or k i 3 (5 €) — (3 €) = 0 or k ^3 = k
2 2
V F = 0 at mass 5m or k 23 -f — k = 0 or k 23 = — — k
6 5
si
i i — 4
B P
Y iz
\l 'k
1
(iii) Give x 3 = 1, Xi = x 2 = 0: 5" T*n
Y
Static equilibrinm equations: ^2.1
J M b =0 or k 32 (5 €) + k (2 <?) = 0 or k 32 = - — k
X¡ M d = 0 or k 12 (5 <f) + k (3 €) = 0 or k 12 = - |- k
F = 0 at mass 5m or k 22 — k = 0 or k 22 = k
34 6
3
25 25
~T
3 2
[k] = k 1
IT 5
2
-----
6 29
5
25* 25
6 -2 5
(i) Give x x = 1, x 2 = x3 0:
8k
F = 0 for mass M: kn — k + T 0 ( 1)
ck ^
J ] F = 0 for mass m: k 31 H— — = 0 (2)
3
2 F = 0 for mass 3m:^ k 21 = T (3)
8k
]T¡ Mq = 0 for pulley: T (3 r) + 2 k r = 0 or T = — (4)
Eqs. ( l) to (4) yield:

. 8k
^31 — ~ “8=k-» L. 41 k1,
kn = —
¡P
(ii) Give x 2 = 1, Xi = x 3 = 0:
2k
2 F = 0 for mass M: k 12 + T H 0 (5)
3
Y ] F = 0 for mass 3m: k 22 — T = 0 ( 6)
2 k
2 F = 0 for mass m: k 3 2 ------------- 0 (7)
3
2V
2 M q = 0 for pulley: T (3 r) + r (----------) = 0 (8)
3
Solution o f Eqs. (5) to (8) yields:
2k 2k
k 22 = T = k 32 —
(ni) Give x 3 = 1, x x = x 2 = 0 :
2 F = 0 for mass M: k 13 + T — (— 2 k) = 0 (9)

F = 0 for mass 3m: k 23 — T = 0 (10)
2 F = 0 for mass m: k 33 — 2 k — 3 k = 0 ( 11 )
£¡ M q = 0 for pulley: T (3 r) + r (— 2 k) = 0 (12)
Solution o f Eqs. (9) to (12) gives:
2k 8k
k 33 = 5 k, k 23 = ^ j k i3 =
i l
9
[k]=k
6 -2 6
4-1
>2.
fAif 0-,= <
*21 31
ku
e,=ti— i i / 05 =0
m m *
S .!* *
(o
(¡ í ;
fe, n¿t
'43
n5 4 W t - i
*¿2^"3 <04.* ^
03*l *¿3 1:3 h5
ki3 r23
‘±3
0?=-o
(l i í ) "2^
li* «5
<v -0 1i ©„=o
2.
H w u ( iv )
(i) S et $i = 1, 62 = 03 = #4 = 0:
E q u ilib riu m equations giye:

kn = k t i , k 21 = — kti, k 31 = k 41 = 0
(ii) Set #2 — 1, #i = 03 = #4 = 0:
E q u ilib riu m equations yield:
n2 n2
k i 2 = — k t!, k 22 = k tl + k t2 , k 32 = — k t2 , k 42 — 0
*3 H3
(iii) S et 03 = 1, = 02 = #4 = 0:
E q u ilib riu m equations proyide:
6 -2 7
* 2_
k i3 = 0 , k>3 — k-t2 , k 33 — k t2 + kt3 , k 43 = - k t3 ü ±
H3 *5
( íy ) Set 6*4 = 1, 61 = &2 = #3 = 0:
Equilibrium equatious give:
k i4 = k 24 = 0 , k 34 = — kt3 1 k44 = k.t3
Thus the stiffness matrix is:
kti - k.ti 0 0
12 \
n2 n2
— kti k ti + k t2 ~ k t2 --- 0
n3 . n3
2
[k] = n2 *4 u4
— k t2 kt2 + kt3 — kt3
*5 m
-113
(m i
0 — k t3 1— kt3
K
'ku ■fe
QCjpO
O 'O
[<— f, — — í 2—>1 32
T
^ 2.
‘12 x,-o * 22.
. i
mi m2.
15
Civ)
6 -2 8
(i) Set xx = 1, x2 = X3 = 9 = 0:
Equilibrhim equations:
k n = ki + k 2, k 31 = — k 2, kfa = k 2 ¿ i , k 21 = 0
(ii) Set x 3 = 1, Xi = x 2 = 0 = 0:
k 33 = 2 k 2, k 13 = — k2, k 23 = —•k2, k ^3 = — k 2 + k2 / 2
(iii) Set 9 — 1 , x x = x 2 = x 3 = 0:
k 00 = k 2 (/? +^ i ) > k ^3 = k 2 2~ ¿l) » ^16 ^ ^2 A » ^20 = — k 2 ¿2
(iv) Set x 2 = 1, x x = x 3 = 6 — 0:
k i 2 — 0 , k 32 = — k 2, k ¿2 = — k 2 ^f2, k 22 = k j + k 2
(kx + k 2) 0 k2 k2 A
0 0*1 + k 2) — k2 — -&2 £€2

— ko ‘
M __ k 2 — k2 2 k2 k 2 (¿2 — A )
k2 ¿1 — k2 ¿2 k2 {€2 A) k 2(^f + ^ 2)
sam e lorce oí r x = i is induced everywhere along the rope. Since kx and k 2 are in
series,
keq
k^ + k 2
a^ = — = deflection at m due Fx o f 1 = —¡—
1 -—
Ir-
■êq ki k 2
Linear deflection of ki under Fx = — , angular deflection 9 due to linear

1 is -—
ki
ki
&gx = linear deflection o f kx = a ^ r = -— ; a^x = ——

ki m r
6 -2 9
m
u CU.
I m
■xv- r
F*=<
Qj
X© Fx-- no
(ii) Give M í == 1, Fx = 0:
Extensión o f ki = r, spring forcé = k x (a^ r).
y. Mí = 0 or Mí = kx aíí rl r = 1 or a^ ™ —i-y-
v > kx
Displacement of m = aIí = r =
ki r
ki + k 2 i
ki k 2 ki r
Ial =
1
ki r ki r2
x,= i
(i) Give x = 1, 0 = 0:
Eqnilibrinm equations give:
kn - k 2 = 0 or kJX= k 2 ; k ^ + k 2 r = 0 or k ^ = - k 2 r
6 -3 0
(ii) Give O = 1, X = 0:
Equilibrium equations yield:
kx<? + r k 2 = 0 or k x6 = — k 2 r
k9$ - r2 k 2 - r2 k j = 0 or kw = r2 (kx -f k2)
-k o r
••• W = k2 r [kj + k2) r2
•)
C0je**+ a ~ ) k
<r>L
C*»*)
Extensión o f spring AB = a^
Total extensión o f spring CD = (a ^ € + a ^ ).
Compression o f spring DE = a ^ .
J F = 0 or a ^ k + a ^ £ k + k = 1 or 2 a ^ k + a ^ k £ = 1 (i)
£ ¡ M o = 0 or a ^ k ^ + ( a^ k ^ ’ + aI I k ) = 0 or 2a^x k ^ + ax x k = 0
Solution o f Eqs. (1) and (2):
*(<*-ee * + “ * « )
1 © i
F* = o f x = &xe
k a %<?
6-31
Extensión o f spring AB = €.
Total extensión o f springs CD and DE = a¿¿
kgq of series springs CD and DE = —.
Y Mq = 0 or (a^ k €) € + (k ^ a99 f ) <? = 1 or aw (3)

3 k /2
Y F = 0 or k ají + k a ^ ^ + k ajo = 0 or aTÍ =
1
(4)
3k ^
3k 3 k€
a =
2
3k € 3 k e2
(i) Give x = 1, 9 = 0:
Y F = 0 or k ^ — k — k = 0 or kn = 2 k
Mq = 0 or kflx — k £ — 0 or k ^ = k £
(ii) Give 6 = 1, x = 0:
Y F = 0 or kX0 — k € = 0 or kx* = k €
Y Mo = o or k w - k e (e) - k e {£) = O or = 2 k vf2
2k k<?
[k] =
k^ 2 k ^2
Kinetic energy of the system can be expressed as:
T = ¿ (2 m ) {€ e f + J (2 m ) [ í 9*) + ¿ m x j (4m) {€ <9)2 + i m ¿2
which can be expressed in matrix form as
6 -3 2
where m O
T = v ( ¿ * ) H m =
0 4 m €2
FLexíiilí-^ ínfluence coeffíc/ents i

v i
f ff r ín y co n s to -m ts o f
-ñ
a
d íffe r e n t Sections o f
£he ¿ka.f£ ( are
K
-k • = (g t \ - ; £ = 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 -
«n ri
u K e re (<53“). = ¿ o ra b n ^ l
r r fá ity , J 2 = pofQX momeni
o f merfcia-, and XA-= { e n jU
«f ¿ e c t io m ¿ 0f ¿kaft.
Cons-íder £• ska,ft to the left of ct/Vc i 'fia.? cu -spn'n^

Cons£a.v\fc of wkiíe tk e ¿ k a .f £ t¿> t h e rígh t /Sfde of d fíc i £ a.S a.n
eguívalent ¿j>rmg cons£ajn£ of
*ei =
If v/e a^jrfy u i í t to r^ u e to d.Vc 1 (^ = 1) a.s skown ín F i J •fA * ), rea ctive

to r^ u e s at /(:f£ a-nd r íg k t end? o f th e ¿k a ft are
M r ¿ = t:e i 9 I( , M ¡h - "te, 0|,
Sm ce M £¿ + M r i = M j, s i , w e geh"
e" = "" = [^ (¿7 :1 ‘ Á= 1

4* 0 (I
^ i = *,e« = k (T ¡ S fh
¿= z Z= i
A(so, A?
- ^31 -
e» = **. = m« / í s Í£ - V =
3
C o rs td e r d.sc 2. S A a f t to ft e Xefh sí de o f d,‘sc 2 ^ <x^ egj¿.vaJbr¡£
¿prín^ coins£an£ of *fcez and tfe ¿ka-ft ió Ti^Wt ¿,‘de a_n
6 -3 3
egu.i‘veJe.nb ¿|»rFn^ consbanb -ke3 uj/írk
1 i
1<e3 —
*“ = m e t : ) ’
If ue a ^ /y cb ixnit ■£&irgue ' l , l2
bfie £ e ft and n ’^ k t end? a. re
- ©2.2 A e i > Wn
Henee
S12 “ ^22 = Í A
Mrz ^ 22-
©32 = * 32 =
fee3 ■ ^4 -{ffjfe )íA íí,fe )}]
A¡íi
&12 ~ ®J\2 =
C o n siJ er diVe 3-
M|S = 9” , * r 3 = fc4 9 J3 , Mr 3 + Mf j = /*»,. 1

íohere
<u.
ii
<•u
*•
033 = a 33 = . | (¿ f/[v {.4 (t

S|* = *.3 = *£* _ -
fc i
1
f c . fc,
[S í* )}
0 23 = a 23 =
A *) ‘* { É ( * ) / { á ( * ) }
a/,z a /|3
P Lexrtrtí+y madnríx. ¿s 0a J —
°"32 ^33 J
Np^5_L ^ tkís j?rot(em , ib is muck easTer to derive tHe stt’ffn e s s
\nfluence. c o e ffr e Tenfcs > , com â-red t¿, Qj ¿ ^ . Henee
C3_AaT^Sí2-Í>££. "¿Ó" Qfc] í>rst O-frJk tfct^Yv find? 0 3
¿nVertm J bke madrrix 0 3-
S b l f f riess ¡n p u e r t e e c ocff-\ C ie.r\ bS ‘
L et O -rr^syÁ o^- ¿U ií^ C U L Z ^ J U r^ cfcfc. 1 ¿« XinrUi^ ( 0, = i) cx^ l
£j|j JLlíoS 2 cuwd 3 te 5^° •SÔLerrx ¿n F .J . ( b ) . X f f c a*J»)>(/ecl
“fe JL^C i 2í M (( o^nJ f c n-e-cuzterv5 aJW. fA^± o^mJ. IA 2± , T+rt f c /v e
6 -3 4
fc, 9fl =fc, , fnzí = fc* 0„ * *t
^11 - W¿, + ^21 = *11 = * |+ ^ 2-
fc^ ,- — m 2| = — fcz (V r e a c t iV e t o r ^ e is of?f?os»‘t e ¿o M(( In JiV ection ')
*31 = ^ 3, = 0 0* d»‘fc 2 í? ffx e d , no recuctiVe tórûe »‘s f^Lt ote
displaxetnen-fc o f d»‘sc Z - i an d JL,'sjíla-cements o f JiffcS 1 and 3
te zero-
*zz. ~ **+■ * 3 > * ii - — , te 12.= - te3

Sfaiílarl'f we ea.n oístcün
*33 = *3 + fe4 > * 1 3 = ° > * 2 3 = “ *3
4c,, te,z *13
sbi’fflrtes? tnairix i‘S £fc] =
ten 22. *23
L *3) te32 *33
Eggaf/oirtg o f motion o f the s y s te m :
B »0 9^ + C fcl ~Q - Mfc
wKere 5, = m adrrix of m aSr m o tn e n fs of
o
írter-fcia# of "tKe d fs c s
8,(*> } ) _ V e c ':o r o f
0 = 0£( f ) V amJ Ml = ^■fcz exierno-l
e,(*> J
r f T il =°.
G é
K ^21 fi‘3- (6 )
St»‘ffne£í_ influente coefffc fenfcs1: i-**1*1! r ”” *2- r “*" *3

Lrtx,.., v * , = o. '
Forcea reûireJ. ate 1, 2 , 3 a re
F* = fci + * 2 = fc(( ; F2 - _ fcz = fc 21 j F3 = o = fc3,
Let x 2 = 1, x, ^ * 3 - o .
Forcea regu.íred ate t, 2, 3 cü-ul
F| = -fc- 2 = * i 2. ; Ft= fc 3 = fc2 i ; F?=--fcj=*3z
L e t *3 = i , x, = x z = o -
F o rces regu.fre.cl oir i , z , 3 ocre
F¡ = O — fc, 3 ; = ~ fc 3 ~ te 2_s Í F j = — *33
6 -3 5
0 .+ * o — ft:
fr 1 = — k2
L. O
FÍsxít/títy m flu cu ce co e ffi'c te n ts:
FrocceJure curici results cune Similar to Ovóse o f ^roklem 6- í -
ñ Z ^ J ttí?? ? . _J£Í_JPSjL'Sln_ : r su _*
. L ^ l x +. [k.^] x - p
P" From /Stren^tk of ma-te riáis > "Hie

6 . 2 5 ) ¿ e ^ l e c t i o n of- - f f e ca-ntile ver bea-m
Sôujn ís gi*ven ¿y a
Ixrfx)! = ( - x -h 3 CL ) ( e ,)
¡ un AS SET I 1i*r
^ x)L b c = W (_a+,,t> ' " (E l)
A|>j>ly F( = 1, Fz = F3 = o : ( F = 1i ,,
cbf| = (F= = X -¿ (E,))= *X*«>
CL'21 = ( F = 1 , * = 2JÍ, a ,= i ( e z) ) = s Í 3/ ( í e i )
^3* = ( F = i , x = 3/?> a ,= í ¿« (e J ) = 4 ^ / / C 3 E I>
Símíla-rly F2~ l , F,-F? = o fe 0 /Z i , ^ 32. , ^ 12. a-m-d
F j = ( » F| - F2 = O ¿o a-' 33 ^ 13 > ^ 2.3 • F esu .lt U
M
L
. üE X r 3
^í/3
4/3
1 4 /3
5/ s
L 4/3 1 4 /3 9 -1
o^ rntffcm
0^1 5 r i O ¿l [ O I z ? -h = O
rn, 0
[r n 3 = 0 m-2_ cXnru^ 3 =
L 0 0
•3 ^
rn l ^3
D e fle c tio n of cü ffxecl- fíxed bea-m £«
í (*) I = í - *(3a+¡>) + 3 tu L } — (fe,) cu l

(¿n AB GElL C y
[ - ( L - ^ ) (3 U a /) + 3 k L j — (e / ^
F, = i , Ft = F3 = 0 ' -
a „ r ( > = f , Cb = A, fe = 3 Í , X = i , L = 4-9- ín Ce «) ) = 9 X / ( 6 4 E X )
CL2l = ( F = l r * z t , X = z Z , L = + H ¿n 0 ¿ ) ) =r S ¿ / ( G E Z )
Qjl \ = ( F - \ > o * - 9 - , í - = 3 l > i j i , L = 4 J? ¿n ( E 2.)) = li ^ /(lU E x )

S im ila -rly Fz = i, F, = F 3 = O fe êjr 0 Z2_, a ?2 , a / |2 a^rJI
6 -3 6
F5 = L Fi - F z — C to ^ 3 3 > 13 > ^ 13 ' R e su .lt ís
j¡J3 ^4- V<® ^ /lS 2 .
ET~ V& 0 yt
L 13/ s >2 1/ g 9/^ 4
FlexilíLíéy w a t r L* -i
GL>|, = cJe£lec.ttbrL oj- -for oj uní-l: IoclJ
on m1 = i/* ± *"3- .
■m¿ cund fri 3 cêt ..¿cune dísp/oxem ert (a ,s
rígíd body m otion^ c¿ it e re core
no o fe r fo r c e s or conSfcra-ínfcs *
^21 = ^ 3, = -^j- • rf ue a 'fpb uní’fc ¿0Q-d "t° m2, sguñ/cajent s t íffn e s s -
is g í ve n * , + * 2-
^ + -± - ^22 =
*. * 2.
Mclss m3 fclíou s d eflecb ion of n z.
^32= ^ 22
If u e ctffrly u.nib LoclA to m 3) egu-iVojlent s tíffn e s s of ¿f>r **
îVen _J¡____ ±_ Oj jj ^ — 1__ t I
H *3 33 k t/ + ^ 2+ *?’
S h iffn ess m a é r íx •
L et X .,- 1 , « i - t c - s - o - Forc.es reguíred at 1,2,3 a-re
ñ - *,-«--** = ka , Fz= ~ 'k* = *zi ; ?3-o = k 3, •
L et x 2 ' I > x-\~ ^-3 ~ o •Force-S oir 1,2.,3 cure
Ff-----kt — k.|2_ J F¿_= k a+ kg — Í^Zz > Fg = — k 3 = k 23 .
L et s I } x t = x 2_ =. O - Forces reguírecl aJr Í, 2 , 3 cure
F,= o — k|? , F2= - k 5 = k 23 , F3 = k 3 = k ?3 • —1
' ^ 1+ k ¿ ) -k z O
7^
o > - k2 C ^ i+ k ?) -^ 3 , H =
O -^ 3 *■3
— f e ■f" '< 2) ( k , + "í<2+ 1<3)|
/Assame A e fle c ti'o n s ;
6 .2 8 ) |ênce féns,bn fn ¿prí n^f p)
remcu'nS co n s tc u n t ■
L et F,= f, F2 = F? =0
CUÍ /SrLcxcm óia
V e y*t r e a . I fo r c é ta ia ^ c e . giVesr
) U*+^3+^ Frg . ( B )
F2= i
6 -3 7
aj" ~ P í 1 1 '\
i.+ í ; + *, + í ; >
From re(cdr»oyiS •Fría.ngles,
° JU _ _______
^2+^3-f- ^ bf $-1+ ^3-f- ^¿/
Oj %\ - ( ¿3+ ^ ^ - 0- /3 , - / ^ G^,
\ ^2.+ ^3 + ^4 V^2.+ ^3 + /
wUn Fi=1> F, = F3 = 0 > v e r t i c a l forcé La.la.nce giVes ( F i g . ( B ' ) )
/ 2-2- \
\ « x oOj» 1
F, = i = X P +
£? + Itf. ^ ^ 2.2. “
P íii,+£t + M fy f
From -fcr/angle reiatíons /
*zz
3 — ( t * 0
\Aj(\em F"3 — 1 ^ F| - F* _ o ( Ffg • ( c ) ) ■>vertica.1 -forcé. «-«ce ^íves-
fr __ ± _./ ^33 \ „ . C ^ 33 \ O 1
a 33 —
í , + #*>*3 P
+ í¿i
From ■fna.’n gle re.la.fc’íbns,
a .,3 =
i ! : ^ »
4 «n¿C5n: Cqj1 M - jj + - = 3
r r m, o o n
W = | o Ynt O 1 , - - 5
0 W3 J
(_£t , *-2 cune? x 3 d e n o te th e <s(fs ÎcL-cements o f t¿>p > micddle a-inc^
Lottom ma/SS’eS’- E^yxaJZcrrvS cr^- rria b io n ojz^
•m X , - - * ■k1 - K ( x , - x 2>) _ 3 -k ( x r X j)
im i 2 = - 2 fc *2 - * ( * 2- x i ) - *-( ***.- **)

m X 3 = - * *3 - 3 k ( x 3 - X | ) _ íc ( ^ 3 - * 2.^
6 -3 8
Forcé 5 :
F= Fi arf ( Q - ^ ° ) +• F* o*5 f u s ° - e ) -t- F3 orf ( s - 4 ? ° ) + F4 orf (13 5°- e )
=. 2 -kS [ w S ^ e - ^ s ' ) +- c r f ^ O 3 s ' _ e ) ]
=■ 2. -k S
.'. S'tíffneS'S ínfluence c o e ffic ie n t- o f fu n c tio n fo in t m arkitra-ry
¿íre c tro r» = f^ S = 2 fc
S t if f n e s s v n c u trix Z* 3 «Vcn 5^. ( g . ó ) :
(k i+ f c i) - *2 . « o o
- ^ 3 ° O
EfO = 0 -* *
0 o o O ( * n + k n + l^ )_
/\l( eA«2-ín_e>vJÍ5 e-jccept Hiose cr> itje. "t‘ÉTree A lo âncuís cüvl ^ ru > • f
~
2
C2j ixu-ruj Truxtju-X . JV, j^ t r , ¿ t- •* cu % j_ —cL-O-g-crp-aA TrvO-ferx-X ■
W e use the expression o f kinetic energy to derive the mass matrix. Let the generalized
coordinates be Xj, x2 and x3. The kinetic energy o f the system is.
1 2 1 2 1 2
T = — mi ¿ !+ — m2 x2+ - m3 x 3
This can be expressed in matrix form as
xi
T = y (¿i ¿2 x3) [m] ■*2
*3
with the mass matrix given by
mi 0 0
m = 0 m2 0
0 0 m3
( 6.33J W e use the expression of kinetic energy to derive the mass matrix. Using the generalized
^ —y coordinates 6, Xj and x2, the kinetic energy o f the system can be expressed as:
T = - Jo 6 + - (2m) Xl + - m x2
€ 2
where J0 = J q + (2m) (—)2 = — m ¿’2. T can be expressed in matrix form as:
6 -3 9
8 m <?2 0 0
3
j ¿i x2) [m] ■¿ i with the mass matrix [m] =
0 2m 0
X2 0 0 m
W e derive the mass matrix from the kinetic energy expression. Using the coordinates Xj,
6 .3 4 ) X2 and X3 , the kinetic energy of the system can be expressed as (see figure in the solution
of Problem 6.3):
T = j JG $ + y (2 m) x q + j (5 m) x 2 ( 1)
Using JG = - j (2m) (5 <f)2 = - y - m <f2 ( 2)
x i + .x 3 xi - x 3
XG = (3)
5€
Eq. (l) can be rewritten as:
T = -
2
—
6
m í2
i
¿1
5*
x3
+ - (2m)
¿1 + x 3
+ \ (5 m ) ¿ 2
1 2 m .2 1 2 m .2 1 1 . 1 .2
(4)
2 T X l + 2 T X3 + 2 l m(2SlX3) + I ( 5 m) X !
Equation (4) can be expressed in matrix form as
¿1 2 1
0
3 3
T = j (¿1 ¿2 ¿ 3) H X2 with the mass matrix [m] = m 0 5 0
X3 1 2
0
3 3
The kinetic energy o f the system can be expressed, in terms o f the coordinates x j , x 2 and
@ x3
T = \ M + T J° + T ¿ 2 -b m ¿3 (1)
x2 — x x
3 r Using the relation 8 = — — — , Eq. (1) can be rewritten as
1 í Jo .2 l Jo .2 1 Jo
T = — M + — - — (2 x x x 2) + -^ m ¿3 ( 2)
2 9 r2 X l+ 2 9 rr2 + 3 m
By expressing T in matrix form as
6 -4 0
*1
M +
T= i (ii ¿2 ¿s) W X2 the mass matrix 9 r" 9 r¿
¿i
X3 [mi
3m O
9 r¿ 9 r4
m
C ^ The kinetic energy of the system can be expressed as

o»Jo
t = j ii e\ + j i2 e\ + \ i3 p 2 + i 14 + i Is ¿3 — + }le * 4
n5
This can be expressed in matrix form as
and the mass matrix can be identified as
Ii 0 0
n|
0 i2 + i 3 4 o
m =
0 0
n 4
I 4 + I 5 — 2~ o
ni
0 0 16
Let x(t) and 0(t) indícate the coordinates to define the linear and angular positions of the
tráiler (M) and the pendulum (m), respectively. To derive the inverse inertia influence
coefficients, first we apply a unit linear impulse at point q (along x(t)) and write the
impulse-momentum relations as (see Fig. 1):
Linear impulse-momentum relation along x:

m
x = 1 = b n (M + m ) + b21 ( - j - ) (i)
Angular impulse-momentum relation along 9:
9 = 0 = b u ( ^ ) + b 21 (2)
Solution o f Eqs. (1) and (2) gives:
bu = ; b2i — — (3)
4M + m
Next we apply a unit angular impulse at point Q (along 0(t)) and write the impulse-
m om entum relations as (see Fig. 2):
Linear impulse-momentum relation along x:
x = 0 = b 12 (M + m ) + b 22 ) (4)
Angular impulse-momentum about O along 9:
& - i - b u ( n i ) + b2 2 ( ^ - ) ( 5)
Solution o f Eqs. (4) and (5) gives:

u _ 12 (M + m)
b i2 = —
4M € + m €
(6 )
’ 22 ” 4 M m e 2 + m2 <f2
Thus the inverse mass matrix is given by
4 6
4M + m 4M £ + m £
[b] = [m ]-1 = (7)
6 12 (M + m)
4M / + m £ 4M m + m2
6 38) sbea,r buildm cf Ccxn i?e mocÁe-l&cí <xJ> Ize-lou/ :
6-42
(«O . N
Ej?UArtíonS o$ m oiion ( írom free £>oc/y dia-grccm^ ¡n F tj ■
*■»» x í + c, á , + -k, -x, — c 2 ( x 2- x ,') — * 2 ( * 2- - F, r t )
m z X.z •+- Cz (x .z - ¿1} -f- f:2 ( x 2—X,') — c 3 Cx 3 —XZ^) - * 3 { * - 3 ~~X0 ~ ^2 ^ 0
m? x 3 + c 3 ( * ? - *2} + *3 ( X3 - * 2. ) - 3^ = F j ( 0
»l
^ x4 + ( * « , - * 3) + fe* (* « # -* » ) = (O
(k) L - c u jr a .n je * s s-ûa/tfons cure
dT 3 J + $ V ¿ O =
c o
dt u ¿ se,- s g t- 5^. /
- ■> >
U/here 7- - fcCtteéi'c e n e r j y > V~ = ^ o íen íia ^ l e n e r j y ¿ R =
Ra-yleíg^ dísSipaJiío'n fu n e tio n > <5^. = êneraliêcf fo r c é
and ^ — jte g e n e r a , Iije.c( c o o r d in a n te :
. 2- .2
T = "z { •+- ^2 ^ + ™3 ¿ 3 -f- w <# j
V = d- { *, ^ + k z ( * z - x í) 2’ + *3 Cx »“’ x ^)Z’ -#’“fc^ ( * 4 ' ac0 /

K = 1 fe, * ,* + c2 ( ¿ 2 - * , ) % . C 3 ( ¿ 3 - x 2y * + C4 ( ¿ * - ¿ i)* }
^ = F; > ¿ = ' > 2 , 3 ,4

^ s,ny Jv = x i > ^ = Ij2 .j^ 4 j tfceccfi*(íca.é io n of EfrZ ■(£2)
V
y tíJ lA j th e e.fíU.cutionS' p£ tnotfon giVen m fE^)»_____________
6 39) Coordírta.i-es o f tke \x>\> are (x-t- / a?*© , / Ji<n e ^

T = <cineti*c energy = tfnefcíc eneryy of -%l«'der
-f fc«net»c enerjy of kok
= i 11" ( i f ) 1 + * *" [ [ j !t ( x + i c c ! s ')}z' + { j t ^ s'n S ) f ]

= ¿m ¿ l + • £ » . * * + i - n , ? 1 é X( s m e + G / s ) í(| .w »)
" 2 ^ f 2 x £ ¿¿r, e & )

"*" 2 0 - X0 I 0 ~ yn x + 4- w i 0 -fer ^-rruaj-^
6 -4 3
V = ¡50-fcen-ticd eviergy = ^ rexéia Á en ergy of ^ r ín g + jso'létt'tfaA emerge
. 7 a r . v of boi »
= -~ 1c z + m<j K I— j
^ N cíe; potent.cU en ergg o f ¿ lú íe r need n o f be co-nsfdered íf x~o
Corresf>onJs to sta h 'c eguilíbriuw f?osi-tíon)
Stnce cosec: 1 - f e 2 , V = T - f c ^ + i « g ü <3*

/^s "tbere cure no e x t e r n a*L fo r c e s , Lcugra-nge'-r egucutronS becom e
— /1 L \ - 3T 3V
át \3Íj ) * lj " ° ’ 1, 1
Here $, = x ar»d ^ =. 0
i r . o , f f - • ¿ K f í - ) - * " - . t í-- * '
£■• »■ t ( f í - ) - & - - » * •
|_(X.g ccLng e-'s eguairrovi s L e co m e
1-m x + = o ; m i*' 9 -f- img í- 9 = o <h i e + $ O
(i.) U/ítfi *1 °-rrLC^ x 2 CaS^SZrudtLi :

5.40) V ”
s » " ce X ,= x - Z , 0 amJ x2= a + / 2 0,
x= /x,tt+ « ,I ,\ ^ 9 ¡ = / * * - ..*> \
\ £| •+■ Á2 / \ Z| -+ -^2 /
T = - tnx + -£ < % , 9 Z = l m ( *» I 2. 4- ¿t \z , j_ j r ( *2. ~
V *, + ¿r / *• l /
^ C‘ 'f ‘ + (* * ' 1 '
¿ ( f í ) - V * * ’ + '■ ' * * • > + (i ^ b í ( * ■ - ; o

9T ^ AT
s í; = °- 3X
' ? £ = i , + l i , , ‘ i,)+ ^ V 7 5 ( l i ‘ ‘ " ,)-
d / ST
At
S ) ° S 7 í 5 ('' ;,)
V = x 2 + -L *
_ —/ { ¿ X . ^
-—Vt —
—1c
*^2 '7C-
2
¿X| 9Xi
e ^ u o J r io n s > 31*v e
— — - (£1 ¿1 + M 2 * 2 ) + — ^ — : ( * i - ^ 2 ) + ^ IX , = o
6 -4 4
+ 1 ,4 X, ) + _ J ¡2 ( x 2- X, ) + fc2 x 2 = o
f*.+JíO
-f- ^ ^ 4" ^ 2. ( m £, %.¿ — ^ 4- X( ( £| 4- t — 0
X , ( m í , X 2 - Jo ) + xz ^ 4" 3"e ) 4- x 2. ( * i + ^ 2.) = °
(O Wi-fcK X and 0 aS <j£/nC)T-ai¿^cJ CaxrrJl.ruxt¿i :
T = -¿ m x 2- + -i- qL
V = i * , ( x - X ,e)N - i (x-t- * ¿ e ) 2
3Z__n • >
— O > , = : Y n X
jt ) s m = i=iC5‘ - - í ie ) + í 't ( * + p *-s )
3X 3x
f í = °- í ¡ ¡ . £ ~ m . c* - i . ) w . C " «
X^CL£^lcut^ ! s e^jJ~d^cyr\2 <

^ -sfJZ-
mn x -h k , ( x - ^ , S ) 4- ^ 2 ( ^ 4- £ 2. ® ) - o
¿£ ¿ * £,©)+■ * 2e ) = a
T = 2“ W| x,Z + ± ™ i
V - i * > , * r + t 4c2 ( x 2
I X - 0 , B T = m ,x (,
B x, B ¿, fC S ; ) - ^ >% ír tai_ * 3
B T _ 0 , BT
= ^ 2.* 2. n r ( ! í > w^ ' ^ = ^ - * 0 - * ^ - * ’-)
3xz Bx,.
B T _ 0 , BT _■ Tn, x 3 ;
3x3 Bx3
^ iv e
m, x, + x, ( k t+ fci.') - ^ 1^ = o
^ 2. * 2 ~ ^ 2 x l 4" X 2L ( ^CZ~^~ 4^3^ -■ ^ 3 X 3 ~ 0
* 3 (*3 + k 4 ) = O______________________________________ ^
\jSing 0,, 02 a jr J @3 q j generadíjed Coordinantes., -uie £índ
6.42
T ü -i-m r (2.Ó,)2- + i : m¡, ( £ lé l + í 2 é I ) 2'H- ¿ m 3 ( i , s , + 4 A +
L e t re ^ e re n c e posi-tton c o r r e s p o n d í tb 9 ¡ - & z= & 3= 0 '
V e rtí c a l 'm ovem ent o£ Tn^ is
l s( i - c ^ e ^ d i, [ i - (■ - ® L ) } = i.
6 -4 5
vértice.!, movement o f m t -=. £/ 0,*" + -L £ t e 2
V e r tic a l tnovetnent of td3 -=. -£ £ , e,X+ + ' í ^ 9t
v= ^ > » ÍL + ^ ( £ , e w £¿0" ) + ^ ( £ , 0*+ * . % + ! , « ? ) — (E*)
— -O, ü . =. yn, é , -V- ‘m^ty (1,Ó, + £ z + *m3 £) ( £, 0| + £ * ¿ 2 + £3 ¿ 3) »

50, Sé,
i _ / ÍL L \ = (tn1+rn1+ m 3') X.2’ ©, + ('fn1+ m 3'\ £ ( £z 9t 4- *n3 X, £ j 0 ? ,
¿ t Vê, /
1V_ = ( 1^ + « * + " , ) 0,
IT =c> 21. = ™t J U ( lli«» + i 2éz)-!-1mí í 2-(í|<?,+ l0 1 't' i j 9 j ) '

S0¿ ? ^02-
_i_/ 3T \ _ ^-mt + ^ 3) i., ¿¿ 0, -b (»^2.-trn5') £z *+* X i ^3 ®3 >
^ ^ 5¿2 /
IV _ ™2 2 X z 02 -f- ™3 £ £2 02 = ( " V t ™ ? ) g X2 02
502
2 Z = o> “ í- * (* .¿ í- í- * A + ^ á ,),
503 ^©3 V
It"( s í ) = ^ ^ ^ ^'3 ) > ^ t 3 = ^ 3 £ ^3

U o-^ra-nê^ eguedrions gív e trKe e^^ZcrruS cr^- -rn o fcn
0 »l+- ‘V t * * ') x»2- vn3) £, £*_ m3 *l *3

í ]
^” 2. ■+■ ^3) Xi £2 (*>2.4- « j ) # * roj Xi £3
1 ^ /
_ rn3 £, £3 *13 £*£3 *i 3 £ 3 _
l ¿3 J
+
(W x + w ^ ^ íz
-~ 0 M )
^ P ^ L e - t (jer\eraÁ\-%a£ C o o r á i na/fces be ^ = x om i ^ = a
6 .4 3 ) 'Dfcpfo.cemefvfc o f rruiií M ¿S x-t- £ 0 .
K in e tic ejv&rjy q f cuir^la-ne ¿¿ T ~ ~z M o 4" 1 { " i ^ }

P o ie n tia i e n e rjy ^ V = 2. (■£ * f 0 Í> )
L a ^ r c t n ^ e 'f eûcctíon ff a_re ^ / QT \ ^T 9 V __ _ •_ ¿ 2
< « 4 >?«■ ^ + n .- - « * • > 1- -
|f » ° , í = f l,¿ + 2M fi+ /s ) , ^ =0
6 -4 6
dT - o , 2j_ = 2 M 2 ( i 4- i é ) , ^ = 2. © , < 1 ^ 2 = 0
se sé 0
Hen.ce L og rcon g eV eg u a d v on s b ecom e.
M0 x + i « ( í + | e ) = ° i
(E|">
aM Í()c+ I e ) + 2 -kt 0 — o 4*
^ ^ Xj1 x. ("t *) = X eos ( 03t +■ ^ ) cund e (lr ) = @ c o i (co-b -r ¿ 'y ,

irbe. e ^ u a b i o n s o f mo-ti'c?r> ¿ecom e
( — M0 05^ - Z M Ci?2- ) X - 2 Al J¿ (8 ~ ( 3 - 0 J
(E0
- ZV\lc3~ X - 2. Al H2'CJZ ® 4- 2- © = 0) /
vokíck y teld s bbe fr e g ^ u e n c ¿ f e g u o J r fo n :
Alo 052'- f - 2 /V \ 0 5 2' Z f f t l ü } 2'
2 M Í ^
i-e-)
1 £ 2 Al0 M X* O?2, - 2. M0 * t - 4 M *íc¿ ]] =
2. 2. 2 A10 * t +
i*e-o 0 3 - 0 U? =
A lo d e s l i a . f e s :g g . ( e O 3 ‘V e r
O _ ZM l 03Z
X
- 2 Al 2 Ca* 4- 2- * t
F or 03,-0 ®_ =. o ^ <5> = o
X 09, z * t
“["bis corresp on cls io rijid Lody bra -n s ¡a^bibn

rn x Cv e r 4 f c a ,L ) d iV e c t io n ..
For 09 2 > _© 2 MÍ. ( Z^ ° * * + 4 M **
' 2 M 0 A1 i 2-
X 09
-2M j?V ¿A ?o -+ 4 /Vi
4- 2 fe.
^ o íO /'
/ Mo
V 2/VTi + T
( C) F or 05> > 4 TI r a _ d /s e c ,
/ zM 0 4- 4 Al \
> 16 TV
0 »)
\ 2 M /Vln í 2- /
6 -4 7
W 'f.en Al0 = 1000 -kj > M = 500 -kf and i - Gm, ¡ n e . £ u a .h 'ij
(’E?') becom eS
ZOOO H- 2.000
> IG TT2-
( l x ,0é ) (3S)
í-e*; 4c. > 1*4 - Z l l x t o ^ N-*n/ra.d,
Generalized coordinates: x lf X2, X3 :

1 . 2 1 . 2 1 .2
T = y m 1 x 1 + j m 2 X2 + - 1 1 1 3 x 3
V = 1- k x? + J k (x2- X l)2 4- -i. k (x3 - x 2)2 + i k + |- (5k) (x3 - x t )2
Q¡ = F ¡ ; i == 1 , 2, 3
mi¿i ; i = 1.2, 3 ^ = 7 k Xl - k x 2 - 5 k x3
OX.[ uX.\
_d_ dT dV
= m¡ i¡ ; i = 1 , 2, 3 — = - k x x + 2 k x 2 - k x3
dt dx.\ 2
“ «o ; i-1 ,2 ,3 ^ L = - S k x 1- k x 2+7kx3
dx[ aX3
Lagrange’s equations yield the equations o f motion:
mi x i + 7 k xi — k x 2 — 5 k x 3 = F x(t)
m2 x 2 — k Xi + 2 k x 2 — k x 3 = F 2(t)
m 3 x3 - 5 k xi — k x 2 + 7 k x3 = F 3 (t)
6 .4 5 ) Generalized coordinates: 9, x i, x2:
T= \ J° ^ +\ ** + \ m*2
where J0 = i ( 2 m ) <f2 = m ^2.
á ó
V = i ( 2k) (x, - e- B f + i k (x 2 - X l )2 + \ (3k) (S e f
R = y c (¿i - j Bf
Q 6 = M t (t ) ; Qi ==Fi(t) ; Q 2 = F 2(t)
dT , ¿ <9T . dT
— — = Jo ; =2m xj ;------- = m x2
d9 d ¿i dx2
6 -4 8
ío t ] .. d dT d dT
_d_
= J0 9 ; = 2mxj = m x2
dt <90 dt dki dt dx2
_cfR = _ c e r
(Xi - ¿e eT. ) ; —d R = c r(xí -k e -t ) . ;d —
R
=o
d9 4 4 dx1 4 dx2
dv 25
k<?2 e k € Xí
de 8 2
cN 1
—— = k £ 0 + 3 k Xj — k x 2
dx.i 2
dV
= — k X! + k x 2
dx o
Lagrange’s equations, Eqs. (6.118), yield the equations o f m otion as:
£ m ¿*S + — c ? é - i c ^ i 1 + f - k í 2e -ik ^ x i-M t(t)

3 16 i
2 m x1 _ I c ^ + cx1- - k i? 0 + 3 k X! - k x 2 = F 2(t)
m x 2 — k Xí + k x 2 = F 2(t)
Generalized coordinates: Xj ; i = 1, 2, 3:
T = L JG e2 + i (2m) ¿ g + j (5m) x 2
25 m í/ 2 xi x3 Xl + X 3
— + J (2 m ) + J (5m) x2
6 5 e
where the snbscript G denotes the mass center of the bar with
/> X1 “ X3 X] + X 3
; xG =
5€ 2
V = i k x? + J k x§ + i k (xA - x 2)2
= l k x 2 + Í ' k x 2 + l k ( 3Xl ^ 2X3' “ x2)2

2 , , 3xj + 2 x3
since xA = x x - j (x l - x3) = -------- - --------
3 x1 + 2 x3
R = j C ( x A - ¿ 2)2 = — c x2
6 -4 9
Q i ( t ) = F i( t ) ; i - 1 , 2, 3
aT 25 m e 2 1 Xl - 3 Xi + x3
5e + (2m) y
dk1 i.
6
\ 5e
d ' aT 25 n n f2 i
fxx - X 3) + (Xj + X 3)
dt dk i 6 25 e 2
dT . . d 5T
= (5m) x 2 ; — = (5m) x 2
<9Xr
a¿ 2 dt
dT 25 m e 2 1 Xl x3 ¿i + x 3
5€ + (2m ) y
a¿ 3
6 5€
d ' aT 25 m<f2 1 m
(Xl
dt a¿ 3 6 25 e 2 T
aT
= 0 ; i = 1, 2, 3
aR _ Z_ 3 ¿i + 2 x3 av 3 , 3 x x + 2 x3
- x 2 -5— - = k x x + — k x2
a¿! “ 5 C dx. j 5
aR _ 2_ 3 ¿i + 2 x3 _av 3 x x + 2 x3
~x2 = —k x2
a¿o 5 ax2
aR 3 ¿i + 2 x3 av , , 2 , 3 x x + 2 x3
x2 x2
& r =kX 3+y k
a¿->
A pplication of Lagrange’s equations gives tlie equations o f motion as:
2 .. 1 .. , 9 . 3 . , 6 . • 34 . 3 . . 6 . _ T?
i m x 1 + I m x 3 + - c x l - i c x ! T - c x 3 + - k x 1 — i k x 2 + - k x 3 - F 1 (t)
3 2 3 2
5 m x 2 - — c x 1 + c x 2 - — c x 3— — k x ! + k x 2 — — k x 3 = F 2(t)
5 5 5 5
1 - 2 .. , 6 . 2 . , 4 . , 6 . 2 _ , 29 _ .
y mx! + T m x3 + — c u - - c i , + — cxs + ^ - k x , - - k x 2 + — k i 3 - F , ( t )
T = i M i * + -i- J0 + i (3m) ¿2 + y m ¿3
V = I k X? + I ( 2k ) ( Xl - x 3 - r 9 f + i (3k) x l
Qi = Fi ; i = 1 , 2, 3
x2 - x x
Noting that 6 = we can express
3r
6 -5 0
dki
dT = ¿2 “ ¿i
+ 3m ¿2 ; A 2 V ¿
dk2 3r 3r (9¿2
aT . d aT
m x3
* - maés *
^ = k x 1 + ( 2k) { ( i x 1
? X ¡ - X3)
_ 1
— = - J (2k ) ( y XX X2 x3)
dx2
av
= - (2k) ( j XX - J x2 - X a) + (3k) x3
Application o f Lagrange’s equations gire the eqnations o f motion:
- , , Jo 1 .. Jo , 41 . 8 . 8 .
M + — — Xl - — — x 2 + —g -k „x 1
A- - Qk kxx 2 - j- kl x 3 = F i ( t )
9r 9r 9 9 3
_ J°
_ •• + Í-a
Xi -, m
m +i —J°
9 r2
«
'• 2 - _8 U
X
X2
2
9 kXi +f
k K l + 2? k
V x 2 +I ¥2
2 kx3 - F ,(
8 2
k x2 + 5 k x 3 Fs(t)
m Xs " *3 1 J
Generalized coordinates: 6\ ; 1 = 1, 2, 3, 4:
J ^ - - - kti ( 02 ~ 0i)
dV n2 n2
— kti [92 “ ^l) — ^t2 03 - ^2 —
%
dV *4
= k t 2 03 “ *2 — — kt3 0 4 - 03 ü±
de» n3 n5
115
<9V n4
= kt3 94 — #3
a eA
115
Equations of motion (from Lagrange’s equations):
Ij ¿i — kti [92 — Oí) = M i cos co t
n2 H2
h + I3 — 02 "F ^tl f e — ^l) — k t 2 03 — ^2 ---- = 0
n3 n3 n3
114
+ I5 — 03 + ^ t2 e3 - e 2 — — kt3 04 -<?3 — ^ 1 = 0
n| n3 n5 n 5
I5 9a + k t3 9 , - 9 , - L = 0
n5
6.49) trlons of m otion ío r H e ¿ystem of F f j. 6*3 fa ») a -re :
■m, x, 4- fc| *4 4- k 2 ” ^ 2) = O -■-- fE,)
•mj. * i - ^ z C x l“ X l) 4- fc3 f e - X 3 ) =. C? - -- (El)

Vn3 ¿*3 - k 3 ( f e - x 3) = 0 - -(B,)
Let ^t r= 1 , <Z/2_ = x i ' ^1 (Xm-cP Z3 = *3 — X■z • e^!. (e,) -fa ( e 3 ^ becom e.

»•
fc 1
mf *1 + *l * 2. ^ = * * *1 + m, ■». - fn, ? 2- - 0
ÍE.
—
m 2 x t 4- k z — 1^3 í'j = 0 * 2-
Vn2 \ - £ 2. ? 3 = 0 - - - (Es)
mí
m 3 x 3 4" k 5 ^ 3 — 0 => i 3 4- ^3
Ynj %■3 = ° - - - fe)
m í nu s f e ) gtves J — x ■)_ *1 Íft+ £*09, - i l &j= o — (e 7)

1/ * T ^ 4" (
f e ) minas (Es) glveí (¿'3 - i-)') 4- B . / Ü + íl N . O --- (Ej)
m ¿ &:l V m? t*»2 )
fe ) > fe ) can Le exjjress-ec) a-2
•fci í* p = O
m,
j_ ^í- \ Q 1*3
( E 5)
For fc; =■ « cur-^ = v« = 1,2 ,3 ) , • ( E ?) reduce to
6-52
%,+■ m i , - •& K =
h ~ £ h + 2 £ \ - & ^3 = - - - 0 »)
- -fe * , + ^ % = °
For g .(¿ ) = 8.; Crf ( o J t + 0 ) ; i = 1, 2 , 3, ( e (0') 9,Ve
( - W Z+ * 0 - i
- Jl — ( 0
- & (-«**+*% ) Tn
o (-caV i^ )
Freûenc^ eg,u.ctftbn ó{
2- -fe. jc_
m
1 k_ ’ a*^ -k ^ •fc2’ k-3
- 09 + 2 \
-k .
Í7l vn = G9 - 5 6 ? £ 4 6 6 9
tti m3
fc _
_2- 'k
Vn -CS H- l - S
2.
i.e. g9 ^
o<3 - S o ¿ z _ j _ g o < ; - i =0 w k ,ere
Roo b s of e g u a,t,bn g iv e
<*,= o*í72o6 , G* 1 = 0 - 4 4 50 4 ^
o^ = 1*5*53 , <
jS*2 ~ / ' 2 - 4 7 Í
°¿3 = 3*2470 , 693 = |•8 O 2 5 V vn

if cQ.n be ¿een 'Bva-t: tFe eúêrvVo^lue.s Q-re ¿am e (vn bofK ^roMern?.
r > , EûafíonS’ o f motion (from ^rotlem (6 24 ) :

6 -5 0 > - Vn o O - '■■ ' '-fc.+ l*,. -* »
0 vn. o -* t * 2+ k 3 -k 3
L 0 ^ 3J o _ fc3 * S + * 4J
For W r m o n ic motion (.t) = X¿ Cí75 (cat 4 ^ ) ; *= 1 ,2 ,3 , we
—£5 m, -f k ,+ k .2 -tej.
-k2 —69 m24 k-t 4 k 3 —k 3

O - k3 - 69 m , + <«3 + ^
F requency egucL-tion ís
-69 *>1 4 k , -t- k 2 - k
- te¡¿ —69 m ^ 4 4 ^ 4 kg - k3 = o
o 2.
-k j - 6 ? ^ rn3+ 4 } 4 k4-
1-e. ( - 69 4 k,-f- k i ) f^ 7- yt)^ 4- <<*.4 k 3 ) ( - 69^ rnj 4 4 5 4 * 4, )
■4 ^ 2. f "" *2 ( “ ^ J’ ni? 4 k 3 4 * 4 ) } - 0
6 -5 3
cs>6 (,m l m 1 m 3 ) - G34 [ w , m 2 ( f c 3 + ^ 4 . ) + ( £, + * 2. ) +
ta ,m 3 ( k ¿ + k 3) ] + 092- Jjn , ( ^ 2. ^ * b ) ( * 3 + * 4 ) + m 2 ( * , t ^ z ) ( ' fc3 + k ^ )
+ tn 3 (k,-f- <C2) ( * 2. + fc3) - *3 - ^2 ] -
[C * v + ***■)( ^2+" + ^ 4) 4* ("^1 + ^2.) ^3 ■+ C ^ 4 ) ^2. 3”

EEûaLVons of motion:
r ° fc,-t- ki - k* 0 “
o m¿ - k2 * 1 + *3 “ *3 — Ce
Lo o *3 ' Lo -*3 *3 -
For í>arwor»ic motion , we get

z.
—£*3 t»|+ k|+ * 2. —Kt
- Kz z
-6 9 -fc3
O - K3 - { / W| + k 3 _} *3
This gives H e freqneney e<guodrion ^ fo r fc, = fc, k 2= Z k , * 3 = 3 k ,

Tn, = Tn, tn¿ — ? m and m3 = 3 m)
- LQ2"™ -f 3k - Zk O
2. = O — (El)
— IV —2 ü3 Vn 5 fe - 3k
o -3 k — 3 t9 *” m + 3 "t<
í*e.
( _ c 5 XTn+ 2.6* ^ + 5 k )(-3 G 9 2‘m + * * ) - 9 feZ ] +
2 -k Jj-ZK ( - 3É0*Tn + 3k ) ] = 0
í.e. 2c^? - 1 3 «<l +1 ? ^ - Z = 0 ( J ¡iere ^ ^ ^
■fe - - ( £ * )
t Kís g iv e s H e r o o ts
<*i = o» II 3972 j o<2 = 2*0000 2 , = 4*35600
09',= 0 - 3 37 617 J E , c¿>2= I-4I4ÜI . 0S3 = 2 -0 1 4 -1 1 8
a
(E l) 3 »VCS
:s (j) _ rn | ■+•*,+ kg. Ü£ m -k 3 k
Ai _
*t. 2-fc
v>
'k 3 3k
X
x^> •« j 1 m 3 + k3 3 t3¿ Yn - f 3 -K
X
X j(* > XÜ )
3 (— ^ '+ ^ * )
II
X,( /> x¡,U ) x l* > 2 ^ — 3 09/ vn -f- 3 k )
6 -5 4
(>) - X( /) ( - ü3}rn+
3 ( - w + * 0 ^ 2 ( - 3 t S ¿ » « * f 3 k )] ,
— (E j)
TbuS
l-o > í \*o 1*0
x -(‘ ) = x (r <¡ <■*+” * 4 , X (3)= i

■ézSCSI ¡-O '^ W S 0 •2o 4 ^ 66
Mocfe xíbc2.f?eS;
uher> -fc, = 3 k , k z- ^3 = -k , m , = 3vn a,nd m z —m 3= m £g,. ( E ^ *) o f
^•52) f>roblem 6*^6 3(Ves tb e fregu en cg egucu-tfon
— 3 ™ cd + 4 * - k o
- k -biGS^+lk —k = O
O - k —Vr* 03 +■ k
í*e* ( - 3 w Cd*" 4- 4 * ) [ C " ' nC^ 2'd- z * ) ( - k) - k 2- ] 4- k [ - k ( - * * Í 0 * + f c ) J -o
«•e. 3 c<3 - Í 3 cCz + 14* - 3 = 0 ( E ,)
lo b e r e <X = mCS/X* . “Roots of (E() q ju .
<X, = 0*28451? > 0( 2.= 1*26053 , * 3 r: 2 *7 Í*2 /Í
(J, = O* 5333 9*? > ^ 2= I-I2.2.-733 J 3 Z , 093 = I-G69S17 v f ^
of |*roi>lem ' 6. 51 3 ‘v e í t'b e rnode. /íbo-ê a¿

1*0
7 (#) = xí'1 (—3 m C5¿ + 4 f e ) / *
^ (1 3 m U9¿ -f 4 O / t ” m 09^4- k)
t Ku s -
í*0 f.o 1*0
-(3 ) (3)
- , ( 1)
X = X,
(O 3.146455 l i " x ^ = xf^ <0*21*41 X - X, /_^.3W 7
4 . 347653J ( - 0 * g 3 S 33 2* 4¿,0*/
O rfkogom ali'bY of norm al m odes:
3 0 0
W = Yn O I O
O I
6 -5 5
C3 *
|T¡ > 3 X 0 ) = 1 * O' 0 * * * * " 4 - 3 1 7 * » ) Y 3. i4C¿/S5 C rn X¡ } =1
Z 7 65 3 J
=> 32-239531 m x^° = or x ? U j=- fo. 176.19)
X (1)T j > J “5 (¿) = 1 ^ (<-0 o•2.1 ?41 - 0 - 8 3 3 3 3 ) ( 3'° I (z)

< 0-2184 1 y ^ x i = i
.2 (-0*8 3 3 3 3
=» 3 -750 5 m X, = t or = -L - ( 0 . 5 i 63 6 3)
JÍñ '
—►(2) I Í O' 5 1 6 3 é i 3
* “ JrrT 1 o - II 27 7 9
( -0 -4 .3 2 8 2 3
3*o 2
7 C3) Cm3 X (3) = 1 =» 0 *° -¿/'36¿f87 2*44081 ) , C3) _
- 4 - 3 6 4 * 7 > w *» " t
z , 2. 4 4 0 8 I
=¿> 2 8*00?6 4 Yr, X *3' = 1 or x (3 )
1 -
-+ (* ) - — J, 0 - I S Í 9 5
x - Jm < - o * 8 2 4 7 9-2-
- 0 - 4 6 1(91
IÍ co~r\ be veri fíe J kinoJz
54-90 87
reo [ > ; j x (^ = (o-1761(9 o*5S4in 0.774510 ) \ II 2 7 7 9 = O
(-0*432823
3<( t ) T ¡ > ] - (o *176 (19 0*554151 0*774510 ) C°*566S5

) - o*824742 = O
+ iT [ o-4G\I9I
X f i) [> 1 X =^0*516363 o •112.7 7 9 -O* 43 282 3) Co • 6 25 )
) - o* 8 2 4 7 ^ 2 > = 0
(o* 46 II 71 )
for íi,~ 0 - 2 m , $ 2.= o - 3 fti j ^3 = 0 * 4 í r t , tT)f = 1 ^ , m ^s 2 -fc^ ci/tlc? m 3 = 3 te}
6 .5 3 ) ( £ "3 ) of {^roij/em 6 .4 2 ^«V eí -írke. e g u a £ ,‘o n s o f m o t io n
6(0*04) 5 (0 -0 6 ) 3( 0- 08) “ ~6 (?*8 i)(o*2) o o
5(0-06) 5 (0 *0 ?) 3 (o -(2) o 5(?'8l)^*3) o
1 ( 0 *0 8 ) 3 (0 * 1 2 ) 3(o*(6)__ _ o o 3(?*Sl)(o./¡f)i
For fia.rmonic moFion, ( E » ) keco — (O
~o>24 0-30 O*24

o-30 0*45 o *6 — ( e* )
_0* 2 4 0*36 0 *4 ?__
6 -5 6
t /i Ís* îVes -¿-Ke ^ re^ u en cj eûa,ti*on.
C£Z ( o * 2 4 ) - « * 7 7 2 cBZ( o - 3 0 ) C¿ ( ° ' 2¿0
C*Y«’ 30) 1 0 ^ - 4 0 - “ #'■7I5 ü32 Co' 3é) = o
ca ^ C o -Z /f) C 3 * ( ° '30 üS'Y0 *4 * ) " M*"77 2.
i.e . (Ó-24031 - 11.772)^-45 Oí2- /¿/•7/5)(o*4*¿?3' - //•77 2.) - ^0‘ 3é)2‘ 634' 3
- 0-3 CdX[ o ‘ 3 C32'( o -48C3Z- 1 1 .7 7 2 ) - ( o - 2 4 ) (o*3é ) C5^ J
4 0 . 2 4 Í^Z C (o * 3 0 )(o * 3 ¿ ) 634 - 0*24 63 a- (¿>. 4 5£J 2 - = o
|,,e‘ C36 - 600-262.5 6 9 * 4 5 4 ( 3 2 -á’Oé C9Z - 530 0 4 7 -6 = 0
R octí o f •fcKís’ eûctJr¡or\ ojre

G9¿= 12-6335 , 69i = 3.554364 r o J /¿
6 s£ = 74* 61 í 6 ¿ G92 = 7 * 7 2 6 8 4 ? rc^
6 ^ /-= 4 7 3 . 61? * C33 - 22*2175 3* r a d /j.
l>y JL ¡>rokUm 6.26 >

-L (3
1
« li
[ o ,] =
6 172
64E3: 1 JL 2_
6 3 6
1 .9.
r 54 J
1
0 0
0*002/77? 0.0026042 0-00/C»57f
[rn ]] = M 1 0 ; [j>J = M M 0.0026042 0-00520Í3 0*0026042
EX
0 1 _ 0*00/057? 0'0026042 0*0021773
Freûen-cy egu-oirórj is
” ^Cx l j Lülnere A= ~ l
'*** 0.OO2l?73 - ^ 0* 0 0 2 6 0 4 2 o*oo (0 5 T ?
0*0026042 o*oo 520S3 - 4 0*00 26 o 4 2 = o (E|)

0*0010573 0*0026042 0*0021773 - «<
where * = _££_ = -g j . Eg. ( E, > 9,V es

Yn ^ A in i 63
( o * 0 0 2 l ? 7 3 — °( ) p 0 * 00 5 2 0 8 3 - =< ) ^ 0*00 2 | ? 7 3 - _ ( o ■O O 2 6 0 4 ^ J
- ( 0 *0026 042 ) [ o - o o Z € o 4 . z ( o - o o z t f 7 3 - « ) - f o .o o | o 5 7 ?)(o * o o 26o 4 0 3
4 ( 0 . 0 0 /0 5 7 ? ) Q o * o o 2 6 0 4 2-)Z -" ( 0 *0 0 /o 5 7 ? ) (o*0 0 5 2 0 ? 3 - <*) 3 = O
í-e» OÍ 3 — 0*?602.? x /0 c< 2 + 0 ‘ (303355 xio * — o*003£623 x io~ ^ = o
R o o -ts erre ** ,------- 1

c<, = 0*000421453 , = 4 8 -7 1 0 8 2 \ ¡ B T / ( m i 3 )
oí2 = o*oo/( 3 3 5 5 03* = 2 ?» 623 2 ? s j e t / C *' * * )
6-57
°<3 = O'OOSO
= " - I SK6 y f£ z/ (m V )
(b ) (o -kj , l - O ’ S rn , E = 2*07 x t o " u/m x t
T- 7^ _ 7T / & » g \4 - 5 4
I ~ = S f( «5 7 = '• 9175 x/o
£ £ - = 75 " ' O = 56-3505

Y7l/3 V IO(„.g)3
65>3 = 4 8 - “7/052 ('56-3505) - 2 7 4 4 ' S 7 S | ra-í/sec
°*2. - 2 9 > é 2 3 Z 9 (5 6 -3 5 0 5 ) = |6é<?.2*72 r*.d/sec

02, = |/• f 5 / / 6 ( 5 6 - 3 5 0 5 ) = 6 2 .2 -3 7 3 4 r a J / t e c
(C ) Xn o r J e r ib ho~Ve ’khe scune na-éurtd £re.frU e.nefes , w e need 6a
•ítove 6 Ae vaiê of x.
(7) For Soh'cf circu la r c ro ss -sec-fri'on o f Jia .m e te r Z« 5 o-rr .>
-5 4
J= |. ?I 7 5 xio m
(» ) For fxoílow Ctrculcur se.c.bior\ :
Ai r ^ = 5-6
4 g
= Z^*7o36 F - /•?/ 75 x /o
■6=0,5 / 7 7 Or», áQ- Z> 5 8X5 cm >
0 * 0 For S'oh'cÁ reeta-njulcLr Secéían :

Let b = za, -
z = - j a ^ = I « ? / 7 5 x / o~ ^
= J. 302.3 cm , ¿» = 2 -6o4-£ cm -
0 V) For bollow Tec-Lccn^^lcer secbion •
Leir ¿, = 5 6 , b0 = 3 t t
a/= 2*54 , a /0 = 0.5 t ¿o
•4 <2->
i .2
Í2
cl. ¿ f J
= 7z [ * ' s (lz* U * - C‘-s')(z7 ') t 4 J

= Z4-9/67 t * = 1.917 5 X ( <TS m 4
"¿T= O ' 5 2. S 7 cm j £2-> = 1- 3 / £ 7 cjm , ¿> =. 2*6 3 3 5 Cm .>
^0 ' ¿ 6 3 2/ Cm , =r hS'SOt Cm -
6 -5 8
V e 13 Ji -fc s í
Weijh-bs cure. propor tionaJ. ~bo CroSS- sec-bionaJ. oxeaos.
( ! ) For Soh'd circiA a x Seefcíoyi :

A - J L d 2‘ = ~ 4 -'9 0 8 7 $ c^nZ
4. H- K '
(n ') pror- 4\o\fow c ir c u la r s e ,c b fe n :
A= (¿o - d ¿ } =■ 7 f ~ [ 2 ’ S8SS~ l' 55’ 3f2’ J = 3>3 62o c-*rF~

(ii‘) For Soled recbconju/cor s e c b i o n :
A = = (^1- 3 ¿) ^ 2- é o ^ ó ' ) = 3 > 5 9 ZO
O v ) For {yoÜou/ rech oL n ju .lcL r r e c - b i o n :

2
A - Cü\>- &QhQ = ( ( ’ 3 I 6 7 ) ( Z ‘ ¿ 335 ) - (o,Z 634)(l'S ?oi) = 3-OS/3 c/
L e¿2 .st l¿/etjhir be¿2.irn w¿Li h a .v e co L o Uoiaj r^cba-njulcor S ecb ia n .
A-5 -3 —2
-3 A- 6 -4 = o
-I - 2 A-s
i-e (A-5)CCa-6)2 “ ( - z) ( - ^ ) ] - ( - * > [ - * ( * - 0 - (-')(-* * )!
+ C-0 “ C - 0 ( * - O ] =°
l'*e- _ 17 Xa 77 X - 98 = 0
Roobs %\ve: A, = 2 - 2.13 Xa = 4 -1692*? , A* = i o- 616?
2 0
_J
—/
0
0
n
[*] = *
£
II
0
0
1
r»
1 0
0
0
1
I—
1
1
Equations oj- merbi'on:

”i o o 2 ■*i o
m o l o + * -1 2 - l *2 • = ' o
_o o 1 o -I 2 .*3, -
Tkese teco me, £or harmonic m o tio n ,

. 2.
— vn 63 + 2.^ - K O
- fc - rn 03^4- 2-fc - 1< -(Si)
o -"k __ Vn CS2-4- 2 -fc
Freûe-nc.3 e g u a t io n :
(C- m <¿~+ 2 * ) [ ( - m 6 9 1-+ Z 1c.)i - fc2- ] + -k [ - fc ( - ^ 0 3 ^ +
- o
2.
¡•e* o( + 2) (°< z— 4 °< + 0 “ o w ^ ere * =
6 -5 9
tKiS giV eí £)(,= 2 -VÍ2 = 0 . 5 S5 7 g 6 , <2 ; 1 , * 3 = 3. 4-14214
C3±= 0 .7 £ 5 3 f 7 JI? , GSi = 141+ 21 4 = 1-347759 ^
(Ei) 3 , ves ^(j.) _ v (¿)

■J X'
- »= + ( -w < ¿ > j+ 2 * ) X p > - f c X p ° - O

crr
ffc + c ~ n' íí^ + 2.*-)1 . p ] x 3^ ) =• o
<?r X,C>> _ S (r m -t- ¿ f c ) * - fe2 - 1 a>

i ic2- J
xí*> 1
■it U) O)
¿ 'moáe = X = <X
1 - x C ¿)
C^)
Mode ¿kcopes a r e :
i
0) ■(») CO (0
X W = 1*414*14 S-X± , X
- 1. 4 / 4 2 14J x f 3)
Fror* proklem 6 .2 4 >

- fc O 2 .m o o
2.fc
o O
' [*1 = - f c 2fc -fc ll>0 =
2-fc o O 2Tn
O -fc
Egua/fcíons o f mo-tion fa * fia rm o tiíc wjafcibn :
- Zlíi C31 + 2fc - fc O x, ^

-fc - 3rn C9Z-f Zfc -fc < x2 ’ = • - C e ,)
0 —fc - im G9Z+2fc X3 4 . o° J
Freûenc^ eg,ua/bíon:
(r ¿mG9a + 2 fc )[f-3ma92' + 2.fcX~zwíí5Í-‘- z^ ~ ** 3 + *D “* ^ ^ ) j =°

í-e- (^_V71ca2'+ fc) [ jm 1, 63* - 5 fc^ C32, 4 fcz ] =i o
. 2
.
03 rn
0 wkere
f.e. C 3 **" - 5 «=? 4- | ) =
/. (X, = 0 * 2 3 2 4 0 8 , 03, - 0 -4 3 2 0 8 7
[* £
á4
°<2 = 1' 0 >

11
i ■-1
0( 3 = 1.434258 > 033 = I-177C05
(E,)3 < V es ,,■)

x2 >2rn 03/ + * *
.(i)
6 -6 0
L5*+ 2fc) - fc X ^ > = ^
or (-3 »U jt + t i $ ( z l ! l í í L ± l l ' ) x,ci) * xP > = * X Í”

y C 9 2-
or 3 _ (_ 3 m 03* + 2ic)f-zm Cfy + Z * ') - *■
x,cí) .**
1*0 -v
} ti' mc ¿ e = y U , = j (-imCSf+li
( - l " * » / + * *c )) // ** I
^ to . v { ( - 3 » » > + *< 0 ( - 1B’ U * + lfc) - * * } / / * * J
TÍhS X e o Js t o :
-1
-* 0 ) = „<•> j j , 5 » = XW J ¿ } , xW = x « f- o■'
* ? 6??(6 1
For = i (XrcJL Vn¿ — rn ( -t = l»2»3 ) , jsroU em 6.42 J ¡ves
irn l ¿mi* mi1 " í e , | 0 O

it < 0 2Pigi O
2. m i m i1 9, K
_mT m i 2- m/ 1 , 9 3. __ 0 0
For {ia.rmoníc rnotíon,
- 3 Í G91 +- 3 -zi-09 - ¿0 3 ;
-Z¿G32 - 2. £ t f 2 +
^ _ £ C3X - l O 2-
D iV iá m y -HvrougKout -£• cmJ Jefíninj o< = ^ flr.s gíves
3 q¿ - 3 <X
2. * - *
(E 0
^ *
F reû ency eûcutíon :
(*°1 - 3 )[(Z 4 - Z ) (4 - 0 - <Z ] - Z °( [ z * ( « Í- O - * l J+

=o
í'e ‘ U 3- 9 o^ 2 +• |g o< - 6 — O
Roots a r e : 0 -4 1 5 7 6 4 > », = 0-6447?? J]L
<xz = 2.29 4 3 1 , ^ = /*5I46?2 \ ¡2 / í~ '

* 3= 6-2???5 »
^3 = 2* 50 7 9 7 7 v jS '/T
fW e AfcoJ** : ( e ,) 91‘veS (*) r 2 c¿ + 6 * . - a w
©2 = | _ 4 ©
0 c, 2
* / ( * / - 2)
6 -6 1
(*>
* )/ (« ? -
(clj- 3)/(«¿-l)
Henee
(«o
" ° - m W í " ° ) - o « ,
— 0) CO r , © = ©, < 0 * 3 5 2 7 t , © = ©, 1-6450
© = ©I
- 2* 377S 0.766^
2m ,
From p ro U em 621 we / ''n^ » £©r vn = ro3 = m m 2 : fe, = f e^ = fe ¿2_nd
fe3 = 2 * > 0 m 0 O
7t-
1
2 (n O
l— 1
JL
0
—1 fe
II
[fe] = -fe 3 fe
- O —2 f e 2 fe- _ O O m _
Eûa-tfons <3/ mc^/'on for kc»-rmotile m o tio n
-63 m + Z* - fe
- fe - 2.V» 09%. 3 fe “ 2.fe (E.)
O - Zfe — H- 2 fe
Frequency eû.o-tion ís*
- L3~xrx fe 7 "fe -fe

2 .
= o
- fe - 2 hn 4-3 fe -ife
i
o — 2 fe — 69 )^ + i k
or ( - c ( + i ) ( 2 í( í - - 7 v + i ) = 0 uitU o^_ ~ üli
°Cl * O• 14- 7 ^ 17 , 69¿ = 0 - 3 2 6 2 2 5 \j

oC2 = 2.. o > 09z = 1.414 2 14. x/ly^T
°¿3 = 3-35 0 7 *1 » ^ 3 = 1 * 3 3 0 5 1 4 ^ fe/m ’

^•(ei) 5 'V e s , fo r , O*)
x, _ 03¿ ir, + 2 fe
x c/) fe
(¿>
*3 ( - 2m 4 . 3 fe*) (_ m &9¿ 4 - 2 fe ) _ fe2-
2 fe‘
(«o
O) = x (¿)
mode = y 69^ rn 4- i f e ) / - f e
K- ^ ■+ 3 fe) ( - m 03?> 2 fe) - ^ j y ^ f e 2 )

Tûs
i-o (•O
*0 T* ( 3) -- xX,Í3) / _ t. 3507*1
—O) x O) •3507*11 , 3<( ° = X ((2) j
X = '
2 'O 2•O
6 -6 2
^ For -fe, = 3 k , {<z =. ■=. 1< , V¡n, = 4 m , Tn2 = 2.m ame? m 3 = m , Eg . ( of
¡?roblern 6.51 ¡ 9 »ves
- 4 ^ ü9 + 4 fc —k o
- k - rm cA -f 2 k -fc
0 - k ~2 + k
_ rn ^9
Fregaenc^ e^ aa /tion •.
( - 4 m 6 3 2' 4 4 k ) { ( - 2 . m C 3 % 2 . k ) ( - ^ j + fe f - u (_ w>( / + k ) } = <
í-e (~°*+ l) +?") =o Ui4U o(- vn692

k:
oí, = 0 * 2 0 9 4 3 1 , G9|= O* 4 5 7 6 3 6 ^ k / m '
^ 2. ~ 1*° » G5¿ = •
sJk// rn'
o(3 = f - 7 4 0 5 6 3 > CJ3 = F 33S I2I \J V Í * '
y (¿) —4 Tn "V- 4 ^ |
2
- í }
C^) (¿)
I -v- C“ Zín ^
' [ -
l-o
Ci)
( - 4 m 0 3 ^ + 4 -K )/ ^
I
{(-lm C 3 ¿ + 2.-K )(-¿fm C^-H 4 * ) - * L}/ < ¿

Tû?
x f')= x0) ^3- (622.76 l , 3TW = x(,l) x

X (3) = x f , ) {-3
X, , .I 6 Z 2 .7 6
4 .0 | 4*0
for m , = i m , Tn¿ = to, —3m ctrvj? X; = Q. fo r aJ-£ ¿ > probíe m 6.28
CL„ = 1 3¿
002.1 - t a '' - 2 y ’ ^ 3 1 - 3~a / " ” 4 P
p( t + i í - ) ” + F
^22 - - - A » ^ 3 2 ” t ^ 2 -1 ~ 2. p J '33
P^ T - iV ) ' ■? pf i T + i ) + p
3 2 1 2 0 0 ~6 2 3
M = — 2 4 2 , [to ] = m 0 1 0 , 03 Am
L J 4P 4 4 6
J 2 3 0 0 3 4P JL 2. 7
Egua,4fons of rnotion *•
*Y -)■ —
¡P 'J M X 4 [I ] ■*. = o
12
- C^ l O I ^ + [ i] ) = o
6 -6 3
fe .
6 2. 3 O O
es-3- i m
4 4 G + I o = o
4 P
2 z 7 j
W Íth O i- ^ Z ^ 7r,/ ^ . p ) » e g u a irfo n ¿ecom es
60C - I 2 <* 3^
4°c 4^-1 * * = — $ 8 °< -f- 19 —| -=. o

29C 2<* 7v - /
are :
l = 0 *0 7 7 12.6 y Cc9± = o- 56 2 5 37 J
= 0 -2 0 7 6 7 1 , CO 0-71 5 7 7 7 P_
°^3 = 0 *62 7# 7 2 . > ^3 = f-5 ?4 7 6 7 /—

J?ni
For = S¿r, JdL - J0 amJ /; = / & r a l£ pro¿íe™ 6.23

g ív e s
~ 2 -I 0 1 0 0
(3 3-
-1 2 -1 0 1 0
* ’ t ^ ] = ^
0 -1 1 O 0 1
Eguc^-bíons o f 1 vnobion ío r íiojrmonfc osci l/cutton:
_ ¿ ^ + 2 ^ - S í " O '
0
G Z T
- T " - ^ ^ + 2 . § * :
S
i © 2 * — < O
K E»)
O _ G cT
- O Z T0 + 2 $ f
- O j
i?
DiVíJinj -throughoui b'j an<4 cíe^ruu^ G9¿ 3¡, i , ( e /') g<Ves

GJ~
o¿ + 2. -I O
-I -oC-f- 2- _,
— w
O -f -< * + 2
F re g u e n c ^ e g u a t ío n :
-oC+z -I o
-1 -°< +z - i = ( - a ¿ -f 2) (^c<2‘ - 4-*< + ¿ ) =
o —< — -f- 2.
■Roots cure ;
<*. = 2 -/2 = 0 -5 S 5 7 2 6 , crol>!em 6 .5 6 > wS
car» use th e Ja m e m oje sh a n e s :
CO CO c*> -*(3 ) <»

= 0, ] l-4-i« í 4 - | , ® = ®, ® = ©, 4 - (*4(4-2(4
i'O
^ ^ j Eguct-ttons of motton
0 o fo
-A lA E
1 o + o >— ( e ,)
o I
Tliís gives , fo r hcxrmornc m otion
2 AE O
^ + 1 AE) *
- H r -lA E = < 0
o _ ¿A * l* l) o
*3 > - J
* + 1 - (E )
DiVídmg t l t o u j h o u t bj l* E ajnJ Jef i ni ng ^ = (J~SA l *'
y ae
(«3>
= 2 * ( - * + l ) (<*- X) -
<=C, = o G3± - O
* 2.= i CS* _= i 8 AE 1
Y/ A £*■
* 3= 2 693 = [ iSA E
V J»A
Trine ípctl TnodeS
Ef c - ( E O g«*ves xi( ° = C- *¿ + 0 x í^
(»>
■X,C Í ) = [ - 1 + (- z*j + z)(- * / + 0 ] X
^ Cí>
.«ocle: = X
C- * j + 0
Z ( _ ^ + l )^ _ i
rh u s
6 -6 5
— CO 0) x ^ . x í 0
X = x, X r,) = x?>
For o rth o n o rm alija.- !:i'o in , X ^ M T Lml X ^ = 1 ; ¿= i, z, 3
Let new i i a.nd x^ =
XCl)Tr m ] X 0 , = °U 0 ') jj, ° | = 4°'!’ = ' => t
O o
Xfl>T !>0 X(0 = a.t (i i 0 j j0 2 0 , y= 4 ^ = I =» i
o o I
( O O
x (!|% ] x (0 = 4 ( o ■ O Í" O 2 O I L = 6 Cü3 = 1 =$> Ojt, -
JT
O •O I J ( 2.
i t 0
{rn"] - ¿ifeônorinc^l vnoda,L m o t r i x — j = -L
2 -i i >f*T
Lí 1 Jv ? J
Stvffness r aof r i x :
Let x, = i j xt = *3 = o • Fi = 2 + 1+1 -=4 — > ^í~ ~ 1 - ^-21 ->^~3" ” *"
L e t x z= i , x ,= x 3 = o • Fa = 14 = 2-= ^ z z » F, = - í = fc,2 , F3 = o - ^32
í- e t x :3=
_ = l, x , = x 2 = o . P3 = 1+ / = 2 = 4 33, F,= - i = 1<,3 , F2 = o = 4 23
CM Plot of A(caz) -
•■ 1 * 1 = 2 O
¿ (0 9 * )
O 2. J 12
(V?a.ss tno.trrx :
Z O O g
[m ] = o | o
o o i 4
( o ) c h a - r o e t e ristre f>o(y nomía.1 : o
(-2 6 9 Z+ 4 ) -| -I
-I £-03*42.) O =. o
-l o (- o 2'-i-2.) -8
(**e. 2 (-65i+/)(-032‘+¿) 3) = o - 12
•• A ( « O = (c ) Roots of egtuxfcfot» :
2 ( - 09 * + 1) ( - 09 + 2) ( - OS7-+ 3 )
69i = 1 j
z } ^rom ‘the 9’fa'Pil •
6 -6 6
0'275-4?46 ) 0 -C 3 I6 9 7 ? 'I o o
-CO
6 ^6 6 ) ^ ^ C 1) = , 0 - 3 3 9 4 6 7 2 1 , X = j 0-2774 30 1 ^ £*] = 0 2. o
0 - 4 4 7 0 5 6 2. J I -0 -3 3 87 3 2 0 .0 0 3
—bfn'T' - * íz') ✓ ro-é?(6?77 1

X (>] X1 = (¡3-275-4T4É 0 -3 ^ 4 6 7 2 . o-4 4 ?0 F S 2 ) ) ! o
(_ | .0 1 6 7 7 6 0 J
*
L et
|
¡ C2- 2.
- ^3
Têti (3) - ^ ; T . -, Tr W
W TM f . . , x (!, t W x (,) = o
X ^ O ] KW = i ,
Tbese r e la -tio n ? ^íve
i z
O-, + 2 4 3 = i --(£ ,)
0*27 J 4 74 6 a., 0-77 87 3 4 4 cu2 +- / . 3 4 7 Í 6 2 6 cu 3 - ° ------------- (E*)
0 - 6 7 1 6 7 7 ? CL», - .5 7 4 * 6 0 2 a>2_ |. o l 6 7 7 6 o o>3 =o ---------- ( e 3)
fro m (E-afi) cx nd ^ £ 3 )»
0 .,= : - 2 -7 o o 0 0 0 2 cu 2 — 4 . g 7 cl,3 = — 0-86 a^2 + í-4 -7 o o o o | a*3
or o . 2 =r - 3. / / 7 6 46? ^ 3 ( e 4)
cu>^ C t, -- - 2 - 7 0 0 0 0 0 2 ^ _ j . , i 7 6 4 ^ 2 c ü 3' ) _ ^ .2 7 ^ 3 = 4 . I 5/176 3 CL3
C£ i ) * c^ Ce 5^) d'v s
( / 7 - 2 3 1 2 6 5 -h ?• 7 / 7 7 2 ( 6 + |) = í ^ o , 3 = ± o - l*7í 4 4 5
Henee a,2 = qro.58?62'57, <^, = ± 0 -7 8 5 1 7 2 .2
. -,(3 ) f 0*7S5|72 2 I
• • X = ¿ _ 0 . 52 ? é 8 5 7 >
( o* 18? í 4 4 5 J
6 -4 o
( « < * /. 3?Wr W 7 (i) ; &0 = -4 (0 o
o 6 J
^ = ( 0 . 275-4746 0-3774672 0 . 4. 4 9 0 5 6 2 ) fo ^ o S S o ?* » ?
< 2 - 8 7 2 6 73 8 }• = 2 - 3 8 0 6 2 4 8
( 2 -6 7 4 3 3 7 4
03,Z = ( o - 6 ? l 6 ? 7 ? 0.2974301 -0 -J 3 S ?3 2 o ) ( ¿ '^ 7 6 7 í )
1 V 7 < 0-1O1SO7S > = 2*7 7 & 7 12 O
( - l ' O 335720 J
^ 32 = ( o .7 8 5 I 7 2 2 - o - 5876257 0-1871 4 4 5 ) T 7 - 0 6 7 7 7 6 / ) i ( . 0? 4 ? 5 7
<• í - 13 4 8 6 7 f J
03,= I.5427274 , 032 = ( . 6 7 29 3 6 ? , = 3-33 o ?0 ?5 .
From solution o f Problem 6.1, we find 7 -1 -5 '

1 0 0
[m] = m 0 1 0 ; [k] = k - 1 2 -1
0 0 1 -5 -1 7
6 -6 7
Frequency equation:
- (J [m] + [k] = 0
( - a + 7) -1 -5
or -1 ( - o + 2) -1 = 0
-5 -1 ( ~ a + 7)
m
where a = . Expansión o f the frequency equation gives:
(■— a + 7) - (— a + 2) ( - a + 7) - 1 - + l i - ( - a + 7 ) - 5 - 5 l + 5 ( - a + 2) = 0
or a 3 - 16 a 2 + SO a - 24 = (
Roots o f this equation give:
oti = 0.58576 ; = 0.7653

v T
052 = 4.41428 ; cj2 = 1.8478
V ¥
= 12.0 ; CJ3 = 3.4641
v T
From the solution of Problem 6.2, we obtain:
2 m f2 0
0 0.6667 0 0'
ó
m = —
0 2 0
0 2m 0
0 0 1
0 0 m
25 h e 2
k€
0 3125 -5 0 0 0
[k] = k<? —
-5 0 0 3000 -1000
3k —k
0 -1000 1000
-k k
Frequency equation:
— cj2 [m] + [k] = 0
(3125 - 0.6667 (J) -5 0 0 0

or -5 0 0 ( - 2 (J + 3000) -1000 = 0
0 -10 00 (1000 - <J)
6 -6 8
or (3125 - 0.6667 cj2) (3000 - 2 cj2) (1000 - < J ) - 10002
+ 500 500 (1000 - (J ) - O
or - 1.3334 (J + 9583.4 w4 - 16.7083 (106) (J + 6.0 (109) = 0
o?
Defining a — , the above equation can be rewritten as
1000
a 3 - 7.1872 a 2 + 12.5306 a. - 4.4998 = 0

Roots o f this equation are (using Program ):
c%i — 0.484831 ; o;x = 22.0189 rad/sec

c¿2 = 1.95501 ; oj2 = 44.2155 rad/sec
0:3 =4.747 38 ; cj3 = 68.9012 rad/sec
6 -6 9
O
m o
o [ 0 )
UO O 1
0 c5
| > í ' - - f e
o 1 0) O )
Uo o l J
r 2. - 1 0
- 1 2 - 1
O )
_ 0 - t 1
em ,'s
2 -X - i O
cu
-< 2 - X - X C4 )
o - i
Wkere - = £ ^ _ w *. E ^ o /e s J * +o ^
freguenc^ egu oJ /ow .
2 - ^ z
09 Y»
2- X — =■ o wAere X ^ CO
/V
l- X
rJ
or
rJ 4-
y 6 r*
X — l ~ o C¿ '
* Q> ) can be /êen t¿ (>e /<oume <&✓* Eg, • C^ ' " 0 oí*
Exa-mJoU £. i(. H enee tfre n&AuraJ í"reg,tAe n d e s Wi(l
lo C ^(Xvn 8 (XA [Uo S & fúUr» J m E-XC eum js(e ú> ■I I *
09t = 0 m
, 09 = I •2 q 7 I
6 -7 0
£¡gen v*¿u je prololem iS :
r 8 - \ » ° e n
- > O l
U i'^ e ^ v a X t ie s coj *'
O fO
- O
o \
U
¿•e*í
- i
8- *
-h
i-e •>
C3)
2.
> - 12 X + 2 S = °
K o «jH 4 % ’ f? ^ ^
( O
>, = 3. n i 6 , A2 ' 8- S'i 8Í\
3 . 1 7 16
E(‘gey\ v e t í ' o r c ° r r es p o n ^ IY\9
C$Lnn be ^CTU/yvcI £■ TO Tn
0 ) o
8 - » i - 1 X» co
o
- ¿t ¿f - > 1
X.
<•8
- i
" i , -3 2 2 4 (O
í - f= r j
o -S 2 2 4 .
i Xz i l ° -
.- H
6-71
xí°- O , E j-C O 3 ;v e s x l2' * 4 - 8 * 8 4 “ i-
CO
.'. RtsI" e»s6 vnv ecfor ís : ¿ * y2 - cu
4'8z8¿i
(X 2 1
w kere Oj , a n y novtg<gro c o n s b c L n ' t . ( 7 ")
Ev'gewvecftfr c o r r e S(oo ndiY~Lj h ”X 2 = 8 ' 8 2 8 H Co-^'
te ^zruooJ! ^2 ro m
ÍO (3
X ,
( O
¿t-X 2 _ X 2 O
. *e
- 1 CO r o
- o - 8 2 8^ Xi
CO
Xi o
- h _ Zf . 8 2 8 *f _
- - o - 8 2 3¿/ o /z
xí * í ° = *a . E& • ( 9 " ) 3 'veS x l °
.\ Secc*>4 e x ^ C /w v e o fo r ís*.
(O
X, o o
= cu,
X2 - 0 •2 2 8 ^
U/Aere ex»^ ,*$ °ijrL¡^' r&Yy-yJ~x~° Corv'-&ícuvJ7
6 -7 2
Z °
[ » ] =
o ■ t - í ' • f ;
' z -h
DO = -H H
(a ) - I
4 2
DO
CO
t * w r ; ] [ . -
= L rh 4
E ,'g e r » v O / í u e probtem »S:
L¡ - (S 2' - 2 * i
CO
_ - 4 4-69 X r
F r e g ^ u e jo c ^ e g ^ a X T crn ís :
¿t - 05 — Q.
- o
-4 ti ~ (J
o r
cO — s 05a" -+ S =0 CO
RooO o£ £% ■( i ' ) 31'v e :
05,2-- (■ (7/é , W* = 6 ■S Z $ ¿f
or
G5,= I•<3S>2 4 , W z = 2-6 I 3 I CO
le ,2íkaê-í cure. g i v e n by |=^,
^ - 69, - Z f ) o
-H 4 - « i J *2 o
1- e - ,
2 .8 2 2 4 - 2 X , ^
CO
- 4 Z-8zStj x 2
6 -7 3
r CO X
co
- Oü
Wêt e cu i ¿4 cu cian s'ta-n t •

(2 }
H -U i - z
- 4 J
re?
- Z - 8 2SL1 - * ( X ,
~H - 2-828^^ I
El ‘ 3 ,v<? s
(O
CO - ¿1/
*z
wkere 0/« i‘ 5 c^nsH unt.
& ]"w - í [; ;][*

Eê^Ví^lue proUem »*s:
- i - w J. X,
-1-09 X2
U 2.
Freû-ency ,*s
J- - C.9
- o
-L
2
or
R ocfs oj Eg • 0 0 3 ,Ve:
05* = 0 ’ / ¿f é >4 } u9Z = o*5535
6-74
crr
03,5= o*3 8 Z é j Coz - o . 92 3 ? 0 ¿)
AÍvo-|a^4 Cc^r\ be |-ouncl f r o m Eg • (]o^) :
i - OS * , ) (0
H
x
2. *2
»•e •>
“ o •353 £ 0.25 ' x
x i - CO
0 0
o*5 ¿? •3 53 ¿ M. 2 1 }
E g*(jO leaJs fe
eo
<
- Qj
oo
- í* ¿f i
Wkere C» , i’ s cu c o « s f ¿ 2.yi{r •
j_ (O
'i - X|
2-
J 050 x„
z 2 2
ie-s
- 0-3535' o -25 x, / O r o
—
o •S - 0 * 3 5 5 5 x 2 ) o co
. ( 1 5 ") Lea-As t e
-* c o / *■ 1 {° 1
* = J X2
= Ou
t -ífiíf-H
ao
Ujbere a/z ,‘ s o, c o n s f ¿ L n t .
o b s e v v a J c i 'o ^ '
EijeYwaÁues of (a.) re cC proC&A s o f tkose of
oo •
6 -7 5
- 2 Xi
- z 2- 2 09 J ( y 2
F r e ^ u ce -n c ^ e^ u cu tn on ís :
6 - 05 - z
- 0
—2 2 - 20?
or
2 U9^ - i¿f 6 ? + 8 = 0
Ruo+s E^. ( O ¡xn*. •■

2
US,1' - o- £ 2 - 7 1 , 69f
>2 - 6-3723
or
US, = 0 - 7 9 2 3 , OS5 = 2 - 5 2 if 3 ■ílÍ /
M¿>cie ( e ^ ^ y v v e o ío r ) " fe
09, = 0 - 7 U 3 ís given tj . C O :
- 2 X| T ÍO o
- 2 2- 2^1 _ X2 J o
i-e*>
5 -5 7 2 3 _ 2. CO o
L - 2. o O H Vé J í *2 o
CO
By Se t í: i vij y^ — oj { - oj^ nonêro c on sfeurx'F,
E£ ■ ^ ) 3 ' ve S K,! 5 r 2 ■ & S é \ Oj , ■ rkus
CO (O
- cu
- f ■ » 1 í ;.
MocAe ( eíêrn v e c t o r ) c o r r esponcíín^ fe
^2 “ l'SlH l ¡5 g iven ¿u £ * . ( O :
6-76
- 2 (O
[
6 - (j3 % X,
- 2 2 - 2 tó9 J [ X2 o J
re- ?
- 0-37 23 -* -1|X, ,'• )

(O
- 2 - lo* 1*2
By seftm j x “ ^ 2 ~ °-n,J nonjero conshLnf'^

Eg, • (&) y» ves - o - |8g I O/^. Henee
* (° = f ’ 1f ' - - ^ í ‘
l *2 J l - O■ I 8 £ I }
(k) Gi'ven eijen vadue pretiero ca-n be
resto-ted ax
3- f * I "i f í x, - 2 X,
05 - )
CO
(ZX2 J (-2X, + n 2
W te n X i = Y, o - 'r J X 2 = 3 Y2 J O ?)
&£■ (8 Y tecomes
u» r Y, 7 fe Y. - s v «
c o
( CY 2 j ( - 2 Y, + C Y*
u/tíct te rewrt'ften Tn 'fÍTe J-orm oj-- Qj
jene red e,ije.n VcJIma- protlem a-¿
^ [ v n ] Y = [ k l Y
00
zutLÉIT
i o
Dr 1 -
o £
l/S»rtj
co
csr’ c: ;]
6 -7 7
E^. ( h ) cclyi be e x p re s s e d <xs
[ j> ] Y - * / [ I U Y ÍO
wbere
6 -6
P>] = 0 1 “ [ * ] - j_ o o
' 3 I
Solu+ion o f 0 *f) 9 «'ves "tice e i^ e v v v a Ju e s :
0 5 ,^ ' 0 ^ 2 7 1 , 09* r 6-37 23
^ as, = o -7 ? 2 3 r^ / A j 03¿ r 2' 5 2 4 3 to Á /¿ (l ¿)
C<fVi&povLcll¿Yy¿j eX g en v e ch>r 5 couv» be fo u n c í jV o m :
[ B l Y (° = ,-íri.e. O y ")
a u i^ T
y (,M Yi ?(° = i 0' 7^50 1 { ‘ '° l (¡o

( Yz. J a- \ o ‘ C G H J '( o-g?5Y J
<JuY\d
?<■>. f Y- u j - * o «
N t J “i - o - o í i í J ‘( - c ° e i ° ¡
wbere a,y and &-2 o-re c o n s f a n t s 1.
(C ") Com p a r í’S o n oí re s a la s :
E rg e n vo ^ (u .e s four> d ir» |o a rt ~s (a ¿} <xn á (b_) cclyi be
Seen fe be T d c n f «’c ^ l •
A Lftougb ffce ecgenvecfors f- o u r?d i*r> p c c r t ( b }
O a ) cxnn»4 ( i 3 > ^ o - ^ e o / r "fe be d » ' f £ e r e n 'tjP ro m
fkoSe £ounA ¿V» p a r f (¿a) (O <^vu| (7 ))>
co~n be f d e n f t’ f i'ecj fo be /am e o n c e fire
vecfors Y Y (¿^ a-re converM fe t f c e / r

6-78
CO CO
eguivculent x - v e c ib r s Gurvd X (XA ;
«8
(O rX
/i
k n CO CO |. o
x - í Y« (i o)
*2 3Yz 2. - 6862
CUW^
(2 ) (O o
-> ( O x
Yl V = 0-2 ) (¿0
eZ X eg i 3 Y2 J ( - o - (g£0
Th»S 5Í>0U/ 5 C o O'c JLl rio J ^ faicxsnXjyx$\rr\<*-%¿GT\
c|o € S Vnot' cJ¡\pL /rÂ "Hê £l^€/wYcxXu-^4 gl/yudI
e ^ ^ 2^ v e c t c j ^ o£ -ft e S ^sfem .
6 -7 9
&■]•['. ; ] * 3 - - 'a ] (O
The s o lu fí'o n o f -Hse g e n e r é p ro U e m
09a [ > ] ^ x CO
ceun be found a i
-> 0 ) f '•
o
C9* = 0 .3 6 SO , X s “ 'I ) 7,¿ 3 2 8 co
1*0
as, - 8 - is io , 7X ÍO — „Q-> <ro
— O • \3 \0 }
W êre cuj oJie, o ^ x ^ tirccry nonêro consh^nts.
o
O ]
O 2 [: ; 5] -
i- V -»
2. \
D0 = ( M
■ [: :,] [ - v ;] l : .m
The lu.+ron o f ffce e^ g en Va ^lue (oraklem usíng
the mcU^ ^C3^r>ess rruaJjulX :
[j>] X = ( ^ [ i ] X C7^
g «‘v e n by
r O
(O c
= Oi, | (O
X
7 > 6 3 *S }
.
}
— > (O r i* o
C ú z = 8 * 1 3 10 , ( O
“ ^ 2
¿- 0» 13 l a
6 -8 0
o r i k o no rw a-liz alvo y» o¡y 61 ge n v e ^ o r s •.
TKí5 re fieres-.
— > CO
i T - \ O®')
y
r-ev ©,* (i -7>(S32S ] 1 = 1
¿ J ’ 7 * é ' 3 2 § í
' e ’’ a ., 11 ( i + 5 2 . 2 5 9é ) = 1
í ‘c ’> Oj , r 0 • I Z 9 S
_* ( O C I*° ) f 0 • >2- 9 9
00
* o a ’1 | 7 ' S ? 2 8 J ~ ÍO .S 5I5
x (z,T x (° = i C«2o
\'€'> Gs0 — o * 13 1o 1
2
«r i
L / í[ - o '* 1310 j\ -
' e ■’ a-¿ ( i + o •o 17 / é O ^ 1
a jí = 0-89 15
7 "(21 = «-* í( - "0°•l 31 0 Ji = { ° ' SS,S

[ - 0*1293
00
6 -8 1
c U o lesfcí vcud±c& {fa'r t t e o / Symm'eirtC mai~n'ce¿)
r >nii tn,3 Ln 0 O ~Ln L 21 L 31 1

m 12
L 2 1 ^*2 2 0 0 L- 2.2. L- gz
1 m l2 ^22 ^23 — CO
L ^«3 ^23 m ?3 _ - L 3« L j2 L 33 __ ó 0 ¿-33
COul't t ja Irca-^t'ovi 0£ f-ê m ra jfcilcx s 'tfo_ }u2<^& ~ 'h xsc^ A
zfriÁjL cs^ CO J í v e ?-1
2
rL„ í> II L- 2 I L ,, l 3(
2- 2
L 2| u L 2 j + ¿ - 2. 2. L-ZI t~3i'+ L 2 z ^ 3 Z OO
2 ”2.
1 - 3 1 1- II L 3l L2i i - L32 L 1Z / + L , 9 f L
33
Bjf fce TnruaJ^tfjX m . ( 2.
fc tke C s fr lC t^ C r r ^ M ^ ^ jU r c c -ts * ^ crj_ tfre. rru ^ U x C ^D
OY> i t z 0 ^- Eg . ( O , 'Ur€. ¿?L>fen
2 , N Xa
L 1, = ^11 L t, = (0 ^ 11 J)
L2| i-1| “ Vt?,2 L2 1 = /l')
L 3, U “ m l3 4> l 3i = ( ^ i s / f c | í')
2 2 / 1 2- >v Í
L 21 ^-2 2. "" W 2 2 ^ i-Ü — ( ^22 *- 2 I
L j , L 2¡ 4 L 3 2 L a i - |_ - - i— / n , 2 j - l- 3 lL 2l¡-
Lxa ^ J
*■ 2. t- x
2
L *i + í-32 + L 33 = ^S3 => s L 3I - L 32 }
o )
6 -8 2
2 l
4
For [yn"} = 2 6 2
2 8
™|3 = ' * m 22 = É j W Z 3 _" 2)
o-'rvd Yn 3 3 ~ ^ cj3^Jütc\ cf^- í~^>, 2 . ^ 3 } y i £ I cí £
L II = ( > „ ) * ^ 4 * - 2
m
L 11 “ — ~ í- ■=. \
L ii
■• 2
I - 5 J „ e
L3, ------ - - 0' 5
L ii
L í .2 ® (¿ - 1 .) Z = ( s ) 2 = Z-23É I
L 32 1 f ’ - 0-5^1 } = J lÍ - O • (¡1 O 8
¿■21CI 2-2361
L 33 ~ - 0.52- 0 . 6 7 OS j * = ^ - ü , 2S - O } L
=r 2 . -701 8
~j~l\¡S < Lchh¿%flzvrêU *to
o O
[ L ] =
1 2. 23£ I o
o.5 o . £ 7 0 8 2-70 I 8
l i C c^ v ^ -^ J -tk c é [ l ] [ l ] give* "fe
¿"L c^ crtía X r rü a lfe ü x C^71! •
6 -8 3
O " m o o - fe , 0 “ -fe - fe O
W | 0
6.75) [V ] =
1---- 1
iÜ j
—
II
= 0 0 2Vn O -fe , ( fel 4‘ <í2 ) - k 2 — -fe 2 -fe -fe
™ 2
n
_0 0 ™ 3_ _0 O 3 Tn _ _ 0 -fe fe _
_Q “ f'L *Z -
E<£UQj\rior\s of mcrbior) fo r W m o n /c mo-fcfon •
( - ^ 69Z+ -fe) —1c- 0

— fe 2.Tn í<92 -i- 2 * ) - te (E-0
- fe 3m 69 -f fe}
.2
D e fín ín ^ o¿ = Ü7^ - , ( E ‘ l ) 6a,n be r e u r i-bien a s
( - * + i) -1
- t ( - 2 * + 2) (E-2>
O - i
F regu eacy eg u c u i í c n ¡s
2 c¿ ( 3 ^ 2 - 7 °< + 3") = o
R o o is ocre
*, = o c*9± = o
= 0 * 5 6 * 741 ; gG>2
3„ = 0 -1 5 2 .1 5 8 '/ %
0^3 = 1,767*92 C93 = 1- 329508
u)
3 — X ( >)
6 -8 4
Henee.
-c o co .CO
X (2-)- ) 0 '+ l4 rl5 9 = / - 0 * 7 6 7 5 9 2 y x CO
X =
- 0 - 6 22S4I J 0-17*395
’l - 1 o “I pi o O
6.76) M = *t - i ? -2 , |Vj = ¿5 o f O
0 —2 2 _0 o I_
b Jib k o (= <-dZ t tH e e fy u o Jz ío ris o£ Ynotn’oYi jpor {ío -rm o v ifc m o-tion
beca m e
X -4 -H ) -i
- i C— c + O - 2 ( e- 0
L o - 2.
Fregu e n eguation í?
Roobs CLxe :
or. = o , c¿ 3 = 4*73 2051
(¿4= 0 » C3Z = 1*126032 693 = 2*17532 8 \ J h 7 j"
eg*(e*i) gíves
(# ) _ £ ©
®2C0 = (-«Ty + l ) © ? }
3 ’ (-*>•+o
— co r 1 ) •(0 ( ' CO
© = J -0*267949 L <ST © = < -3 -7 3 2 0 5 / 1
-0-732050 2-7320 5 V
N o rm o - ií^ e th e e i'^ en v e c t o r ? u/itK r e s p e c i t o tte f n e r t i'a . m a ir r íx ai
® (1>V ] ® c 0 = @c, ° Z ¿r0 o i o í L i j; © Í°Z = 1

0) / C. IJ
®. = °* 5 7 7 3 sr/ r ¿ r
® C t)T C ¿ r ] ® (Z )= ® { i) Z J-o (> -0-26774*? - 0 - 7 3 2 0 5 0 ) | J 0. 2 6 * 7 9 4 9 í
(z )2 (- 0 .7 3 2 0 5 0 J
= ©i 3& ( í - 6 0 7 6 9 4 ) = 1
® }^ = o - 7 8 36 7 5 / / jf
® C3) T [ ¿ r ] © ( 3 ) = @[3)2 ^ (f -3*7 320 51 2*73 2051) 1
_(3>2 r . x C 2 -73205/ j
= ©, ¿o (2 2 - 3 3 2 3 0 7 )
© C3^ = 0-2113 25
6 -8 5
M odal m a l r í / ¿¿ 0-211 3 2 5
0 -5 7 7 3 5 o »7 S ’ S’é 7 5
1
0 -5 7 7 3 5 - o - 2 f f 3 2. 5 -0-7S8G7G
[*] =
[_0*57 7 3 5 -O - 5 7 7 3 ^ 9 0 -57 7 3 5 |_J
From solution o f Problem 6.57, the natural frequencies and mode shapes are given by:
@ W! = 0.482087 ; w2 =
1
^ = i -197605 ’\ / ~ "
1.0 1 1.0
-
---
XX
co
x ( 1) = - 1.535184 ; V 1= 0 0.868516
II
—v
1.0 -1 -1
Initial conditions:
xi(0) = x 10, x 2(0) = 0, x3(0) = 0, Xj(0) = 0 ; i = 1, 2, 3

Equations (6.98) and (6.99) yield:
A x cos (¡>i + A 2 c o s (¡)2 + A 3 c o s (j)3 = x10 ( 1)
1.5352 Ax cos (¡>i + 0.8685 A 3 cos (fe = 0 ( 2)
Ax cos <^>x — A 2 c o s (f)2 — A 3 c o s 03 = 0 (3)
— 0.4821 — Ax sin <¡>i — ~ -^-2 $2 — 1-1976 A 3 sin (¡)z = 0(4)
- 0.4821 V T (1.5352) A i sin - 1.1976 V I " (0.8685) A 3 sin <¡>z = 0 (5)
— 0.4821 * \ / — (1.0) A i sin <¡>i — *\/ — (—1) A 2 sin </>2 — 1.1976 * \ / — (—1) A 3 sin j
V m V m V m »
= O (é )
Solution o f Eqs. (4) to (6):
<î = 0 ; i = 1, 2, 3
Solution o f Eqs. ( l) to (3) gives:
Ax = 0.5 Xxo 5 A 2 = 0.3838 Xxq ; A 3 = — 0.8838 Xxq
Thus the free vibration solution of the system is given by:
X x (t) = Xxq (0.5 cos 0.4821 v T t + 0.3838 cos V F
- 0.8838 cos 1.1976 V F * >
x 2 (t) =Xxo 0.7676 cos 0.4821 V T t - 0.7676 cos 1.1976 V F '
x 3 (t) = Xxq (0.5 cos 0.4821 V F t — 0.3838 cos V F *
+ 0.8838 cos 1.1976 V F * »
6-86
From solution of Problem 6.58, we find that:
w, = 0.6448 ; Wí = 1-5147 \ / f " I ^ = 2.5080
1.0 1.0 1.0

* 1J~ 1.2922 ■ ; X<2) - 0.3527 •; = -1 .6 4 5 0
1.6312 -2.3978 0.7669
Equations (6.98) and (6.99) can be written, for the stated initial conditions, as:
A l COS <¡>1 + A 2 cos 4*2 + A 3 cos <563, = 0 (1)
1.2922 A i cos (pi + 0.3527 A 2 cos 0 2 — 1.6450 A 3 cos ^>3 = 0 (2)
1.6312 A i cos (¡>\ — 2.3978 A 2 cos (¡)2 + 0.7669 A 3 cos (¡)3 = 0ZQ (3)
- 0.6448 VF A i sin 4>i — 1.5147 VF A 2 sin c¡>2
- 2.5080 A 3 sin <j>3 = 0 ( 4)
- 0.6448 VF (1.2922) A i sin fa - 1.5147 VF (0.3527) A 2 sin <¡>2
- 2.5080 VF (— 1.6450) A 3 sin (¡)3 = 0 (5)
- 0.6448 VF (1.6312) A x sin & - 1.5147 VF (— 2.3978) A 2 sin <f
- 2.5080 VF (0.7669) A 3 sin </>3 — 0 ( 6)
Equations (4) to ( 6) yield:

0} = 0 ; i = 1, 2, 3
Equations (1) to (3) give

A i = 0.1812 X30 5 A 2 = — 0.2665 X30 5 A 3 = 0.08524 X30
Thus the free vibration solution can be expressed as (see Eq. (6.96)):
Xi(t) = X3Q (0.1812 cos 0.6448 VF t - 0.2665 cos 1.5147 VF*

+ 0.08524 cos 2.5080 VF*> (7)
x 2(t) = x 30 (0.2341 cos 0.6448 VF t - 0.09399 cos 1.5147 VF*

- 0.1402 cos 2.5080 VF- ( 8)
x 3 (t) = X30 (0.2956 cos 0.6448 VF t + 0.6390 cos 1.5147 VF*

+ 0.06537 cos 2.5080 VF- ( 9)
6 -8 7
X From solution of Problem 6.6Í> "?7e obtain
'•7 9) - r r ~
cji = 0 .562 6 -4— ; üj2 = 0.9158
_____ w , , u *
1 V <?m
€m
.
..2 a __
V €m V ^m
U){ € m uÁ € m
I . _ 0.209671 ; c*3 = - = 0.627872
The m ode shapes can

— be determined from the equations:
--------------------------------
(o ex — 1\
(6 l) VX i *i"i 2 ex X 2 d- 3 ex X 3 = 0
( 1)
4 ex X i + (4 a — 1) X 2 d* 6 ex X 3 = 0 ( 2)
2 ex X i t 2 ex X 2 d* (9 ex — 1) X 3 0 ( 3)
Let Xx = 1 (4)
Then Eqs. (1) and (2) yield
X2 = 2 - 8 a ( 5)
1 — 10 a d- 16 ck2
Vq — -------------------------- (6)
3 ex
Jsing the
—------ v—
1 1
...
1
Tí*¡
TM
C'J
.
1.3670 0.3226 -3.0230

II
II
1.3014 -0.6253 0.5462
A i cos (¡>i d - A 2 c o s <f>2 d - A 3 cos 03 = 0 ( 7)

3670 Ai cos 0i -f 0.3226 A 2 cos 02 — 3.0230 A 3 cos 03 = x2o (8)
.3014 Ai cos 0i — 0.6253 A 2 cos 02 -f 0.5462 A 3 cos 03 = 0 (9)
V p ^ / TD
0.5626 t\ / - A i sin 0i d- 0.9158 * \ / - A 2 sin 02
v v m V t m
+ 1.5848 \ / A 3 sin <f>3 = 0 ( 10 )

v ▼ * m
iJ J L
0.5626 (1.3670) A i sin 0X d- 0.9158 A / (0.3226) A 2 sin 02
- 1.5848 A / (3.0230) A 3 sin 03 = 0 (11)

_____ V c m _____
.5626 (1.3014) A i sin 0i - 0.9158 * / yP- - (0.6253) A 2 sin 02
c m ’ c m
/ r>
d- 1.5848 - í —- (0.5462) A 3 sin 03 = 0 (12)
o m
to ( 12) yield:
<k = 0 ; i = 1, 2, 3
(7) to (9) give
6-88
x x(t) = x 2o (0.1527 cos 0.5626
0.2512 cos 1.5848

£ m
t + 0.09847 cos 0.9158
P
V £ m
(13)
£m
P
x 2(t) = x 20 (0.2087 cos 0.5626 t + 0.03177 cos 0.9158
£ m m
P
+ 0.7594 cos 1.5848 (14)
£ m t)
P
x3(t) = x20 (0.19 87 cos 0.5626 t - 0.06157 cos 0.9158
£m £ m
P
- 0.1372 cos 1.5848 (15)
£m
From solution of Problem 6.51, we obtain
Wj = 0.3376 V I ; " 2 = 1A U 2 : = 2'0943 " \ / l F
1 1 1
T!*!
HL
co
to
1.4430 0.5 -0 .6 9 3
II
i •
II
—r
N
1.6286 -0 .5 0.2047
Initial conditions:
X i(0 ) = 0 ; i == 1, 2, 3 ; xÔ) = x 10 , x 2(0) = x 3(0) = 0
Equations (6.98) and (6.99) can be expressed as:

A l COS (p i + A 2 cos (f>2 + A 3 COS (j>z = 0 ( 1)
1.4430 A i cos (f)i + 0.5 A 2 cos <^>2 — 0.6930 A 3 cos <^>3 = 0 (2)
1.6286 A i cos (f>i — 0.5 A 2 cos </>2 + 0.2047 A 3 cos ¿>3 == 0 (3)
- 0.3376 V T A i sin (f>i — 1.4142 V T A 2 sin (f>2
- 2.0943 V T A 3 sin (j)z = xio (4)
- 0.4872 v T A i sin (¡>i — 0.7071 V F A 2 sin (¡>2
+ 1.4513 ' A 3 sin (¡)3 = 0 (5)
- 0.5498 V F A i sin (fri + 0.7071 v T A 2 sin (j>2
Ao sin 0
— V T 6o = ( 6)
Equations ( l) to (3) give:

7T
<t> ¡ = y > i = l. 2, 3
6 -8 9
/ k 7F
Treating \ / — Aj sin (fa (i = 1, 2, 3) as unknowns and noting that all <¡\ = — , Eqs.
m 2
(4) to (6) can be solved to obtain
A j = - 0.2257 x10 ;A x = - 0.2257 ¿XlO
A 2 = — 0.3143 ¿ 10 ;A 2 = - 0.3143 ¿:
¿10
* \ /~ ^ A a = - 0.2289 ¿ 10 ¡A 3 = - 0.2289 ¿10
The free vibration solution o f the system can be expressed, using Eq. (6.96), as
Xl (t) — x10 A / 2 . ( _ 0.2257 eos (0.3376 A / — t + —) - 0.3143 eos (1.4142 A / — t + —)

k tf m 2 ir IXL 2
- 0.2289 eos (2.0943 V T + í » «
x2(t) = ¿1 0 A / 2 ( - 0.3257 eos (0.3376 A / — t + -£-) - 0.1571 eos (1.4142 A / — t + —)

Ir k y/ m 2 yf rn 2
+ 0.1586 eos (2.0943 V í , + f » <»>
x3(t) = ¿ 10 A / 2 ( _ 0.3676 eos (0.3376 A / — t + — ) + 0.1571 eos (1.4142 A / — t + — )

^f k 'F m 2 ir m 2
- 0.0469 eos (2.0943 v T i + f » (•>
From solution of Problem 6.59, we fínd:
= 0.3863 ! w2 = 1-4142 i ^ = 1-8305
■•
1 1 1
Tx
-- v-----
2 l)- 1.8508 0 ■; X13’ =■ -1.3 508

1!
2 - 0 .5 2
Initial conditions:
x¡(0) = 0 , i = 1, 2, 3 ; Xi(0) = x 2(0) = 0, x 3 (0) = x 30
Equations (6.98) and (6.99) can be expressed as:

A* eos (fii + A 2 eos </>2 + A 3 eos cf>3 = 0 ( 1)
1.8508 A i eos (¡>i — 1.3508 A 3 eos <^3 = 0 (2)
2 A i eos <f>i — 0.5 A 2 eos </>2 + 2 A 3 eos </>3 = 0 (3)
- 0.3863 V F A i sin (f>i — 1.4142 V F A 2 sin (¡>2
— 1.8305 ” A 3 sin <¡>3 = 0 (4)
6-90
- 0.7150 VF A i sin 4>i + 2.4726 VF 3 A sin $3 = 0 (5)
- 0.7726 V F A i sin (f>i + 0.7071 V F A 2 sin <t2
- 3.6610 A 3 sin <j>3 = ¿ 30 ( 6)
Equations (1) to (3) yield:

7T
<k 2" 5 i — 2, 3
A / k
and — Aj sin (f\ (i = 1, 2, 3) are the unknowns in Eqs. (4) to ( 6). The solution of
TT
Eqs. (4) to ( 6) gives, with <k •
¿i
A i = - 0.4369 ¿30 ; A i = - 0.4369 ¿ 30
A 2 = 0.2828 ¿ 30 ; A 2 = 0.2828 ¿ 30
A 3 = - 0.1263 ¿ 30 ; A 3 = — 0.1263 ¿ 30
Thus the free vibration response of the system can be expressed as (see Eq. (6.96)):
Xl(t) = ¿ 3 0 V F ( - 0.4369 cos (0.3863 t + j ) + 0.2828 cos (1.4142 V F ‘ + f >
- 0.1263 cos (1.8305 V F t + y ) )
x 2(t) = x 30 | - 0.8086 cos (0.3863 ^ / l l ~ t + y ) - 0.1706 cos (1.8305 t + y)
x 3 (t) = x 30 V F ( - 0.8738 cos (0.3863 — t + y ) “ 0.1414 cos (1.4142 V F - + ?
- 0.2526 cos (1.8305 \ / — t -f — ))

Ir ffl 2
6 .8 2 ) From Example 6.14, we obtain:

o ■
i-i ■
__ l
h1-i
O
o
-1 2 -1
o
O
rH
m] = m
II
0 0 1 0 - 1 1
The natural frequencies and mode shapes are given by:
OJ = 0 ; UI2 = \ / V * ; ^3 = ’V / I T "
V m V m
6-9 1
1 1 1
S W - a 1 ; í 2, = b - 0 ■ ; y ? ] - e - - 2
1 -1 1
Orthonormalization of mode shapes:
’l o o' 1
a2 (1 1 1) m 0 1 0 1 = 3 a2 m = 1 or a=
3m
0 0 1 1
’l 0 0 1
] ? 2)T [m] X ® = b 2 m (1 0 -X ) 0 1 0 0 = 2 b2 m = 1 or b =
2m
0 0 1 -1
1 0 o’ 1
X ^ T [m) x f 3) = c 2 m (X -2 1) 0 1 0 ■-2 = 6 c m = 1 or c =
6m
0 0 1 1
1 X
X
w w
V T
1 2
Modal matrix: [X] = [X^ 1 x f !) X®] = — l o (i)
w X 'V T
1 X
VT W
Solution is given by Eq. (6.104):
x(t) = [X] q(t) ( 2)
where lí(t) is given by Eqs. (6.113):
'i ( t ) + ' A qi(t) = Qi(t) ; i = X, 2, 3 (3)
where
Q(t) = [X]T F(t) = 0 (no external forces)

For the rigid body mode, íü\ = 0 and Eq. (3) reduces to:
Í’ l(t) = 0 «
whose solution can be written as
q iM = ex + c 2 1 (5)
where cx and c 2 are constants given by
Ci = q i ( t = 0) ; c 2 = qx(t = 0 ) ( 6)
Initial conditions of the problem:
6 -9 2
X i(0 ) 0
5 ( 0 ) = ■x 2 ( 0 ) •= ■0
(7)
x 3 (0 ) 0
and x [ 0) = • ( 8)
Using Eqs. (6.115) and (6.116), we find
q(0) = [X]T [m jx(0) = 0 (9 )

1
w
q(0) = [X)T [m] x(0) = V m ¿o ( 10)
1
w
From Eqs. ( 6), (9) and (10), we obtain
ci=qi(0)=0 ; c2 = 4i(0) = Xq (11)

and henee, from Eq. (5), we find
qi (*) * ( 12)
Solution o f Eqs. (3) for q^ít) and q3 (t) can be expressed as
,n% , , , 4z(0) . m ¿0 . A / k ” ,
q2 (t) = q2 (0 ) cos ü j2 t H-----------sm w2 t = — 7 sm \ / — t (13)
V 2k V
93W = 93(0) cos W3 t + - M J . sin 0J3 t = —— — sin
#3k (14)
^ 3V2k m
The free vibration o f the system is given by Eq. (2):
1 1
w
1
w
V f i¿o t
X i(t) w
1 2 m ¿o . ^ /T "
x 2 (t) -w4 - 0 —7 sm \ / — 1 (15)
\ím x “ W v 2k V m
*3 00 1 1
m Xq
w v r rsinV ? " '
3 v2k
6-93
^83^ For giv en s y s t e m , m = 10 > 1< = (oo a.r»d kence \jtym = \Tio
= 3 * (6 Z 3 - For f r e e . V i t r t f u t i o n resônse, ¿he ihitiai conáiit'ons
lecU to EftS' ( 6 . S S ) oaxÁ (G.99)> tr f h f c k Ca y i ¿e CA^rCíSCcf

o-S :
A I CjcrS 0 | -+ A 2 CxT? ^ 2 + ^ 3 C o § ^ 3 “ * i C O ~ 0 *I (O
1• S>0 I 9 A i C£^ ■+ 6 - ¿ f L f 5 ó A z eos ¿ - \. Z¿ ¡ &% A 3 Coi = x 2 (o) = °'l
fO
2 •2 v 7 0 Aj CoSyí i —o ’ 8 o 2 0 A 2 CoS $ % + o* S^íf-Lf A¡ Cos cji % 0 .j
Sl>' ^ 1 " 1 ,2 4 7 1 *2 S,'n K - 1-8025 J í ? * 3 í í n 5^3
= X . (o) - o
or
- I . ¿{ 0 7 3 A ( S í n c ^ | - 3 *7 ^ 3 7 A i . 5ín^>2 " 5 *7 oo¿)A 3 Sin 3 =o 00
-0>\otfZ J E A , Sin <{>, - e>'55¿iS6 J E Al sin <¿2 + Z.Zifllf J E A 3 Sin
-0 .3 2 2 3 Aj S»n ^ | - 1*7 5 ^ 3 A 2. Sin -t 7 » l o 6 y A 3 Sin ^ 3 =0 0 0
- A l Sín + J^h A2 s ‘ n ^ 2 “ A 3 S,n ^ 3 “ *3 (°) ~ °
or /> v
— A , si n ^> | -f- A 2 Sin <^2 — A 3 sin ^ 3 - o ^ '
Solution of- Eg^S'CO ô ^ lff 3 ‘vevi
A| eos = 0*0 5 , A 2 coS - 0 ’ 0 3 ¿i 9 J A3 C o S ^ 3 - 0 *o|0 #
S o lu t io n o f E g S - ( ^ ) fc© («O is v e n fcy
A, S<n <£, =a o, A 2. sin ~ OJ A ■} $\r\ f z ' 0> t i - o
Tfius th e free v i brcuíson resjoonse o£ the sysfcem is g iv e n

b j/ ^ . ( 6 . 9 S ) :
x ,C t)~ 0 ‘05^3 ¿ © S C&9, £ «+ O ' 0 3 l f 3 CoS 0 9 2 E + O-o|05 CoS 09 3 t
X 2(f)^ 1*50/9(0*05^3) Coi cs>,£ + ( o - o ? ^ ) Co S 0 9 ¿ t
6 -9 4
- I* 62 ( 0*0108') 053 í
= 2 -2 ^ 7 O (o'O S ífC ) CoS 09(-fc - o >8 0 2 . 0 (o >o 3 ¿tS") Cos

+■ o-55¿fk fo * oi ©0 cío? 6S3 t
where o9,= o'ififSoLf v/7ó~ = i*¿/o7? ra A / sec , 1*2 ^7 / J7o
= 3 •3 ¿i 37 ro-d/s ec , ¿x-nd gs3 = |.^0 2 5 JTo = J* 7 o o o ra,d/sec-
From fcke Solufcfon oj Problerr? 5.28* th e n c is b u r a J

6 .8 4
í reguencies a-nd normad, m o j e s oure gíven bj
-*G) ri 7 CO .
09,^ 2 , x = | ) | X , c o
<*2 = > f i 7 \ x a ) - } x í° CO
where c»-rtd X f ^ <2-re curtí trarg c o n s t a - n t í ■ Bj/

ortkog©na.Wzing the normad. modes with r e s p e c t fe fee
ma.s? m o ± v lx > we Cccn fmd the v alú es 0 / x^^vnd x C O
( * í ° ) 2 f' ■ ! [ ' “ ] { : } = 1
or ^ C1) _ j_
*1 - 2.
W T
¡> 3 ? ^ = != > (*{*> ) f i - ,}| j ’ ] f _ ' } =1
l hus the m o dc^L m c lt n x be com es
& > £ * » 3 w ] - i [ ¡ _ ; ] o
9¿ ^ E "D ^ > th e Q ^ uO sbion s o£ mofear» ca-n be

w ritten oj>
r t r = ? =o co
OJr '* 2- . frN
li + < *i t i - ° L ^ ,fZ '
Se> ( u. 1 1o y» *CO •
ti& }= l. Cos as^t + ,Q _ S in as.-t ^ )

*0 . &¿
Ulcere l £o a n á % ¿0 Ae.y,0 l e -th e .V u tía - Í VeuLúes of l-
6-95
and , r e s p e e t ¡ v e ly . Fr© rn given ¡n if c ia i c o n J i i ío n S j
V/e ji'n d :
^ )= f?;:£} = w tm ?».* [;.;][.* í] f:;

= ? :}
- í-\}
Tûs ^ g ,s ' í 6 ^ k e^ m e
^ ( b ) =■ eos z-t i- ¿ s in 21
■
=. coS vfTT -ér — J===, S in vírT ¿
Tê ^ k yS ic«A d is p U c e m e n i í c * .n te ;foUr>d
sc«-CKa»f«- + [ : . ¡ ] ^ )
or
*, = \ (*b\ + W ') > x 2t t ) - i ( t t — % *)
X ,(*0 - \ -j~Cos 2fc + -“ s in 2t f eos J7 I ír - - ~ r s in í /2£ J-
* 2. ( i " ) =■ £ eos li + X Sin 2 fc — eo s J7 Í + " p r S in s/12* £ T-

\JlZ
6 -9 6
From f/Te Solut>or» o f Prtftleir» 6 . 7 3 P U/fi otfo.Cn •
|Y] oJA r\¿Tscrtcd¿i'2.€-A ytloJSÍx CP 3 ^
03 = ( í ^ * ) CÔ ( M * )
3 - I
( i )
[
o*5
w ¿# r
t o - [i : i . ( c o í'= [: :j co
E ígenvaX tc& j'protte.i'n *.
[ D] X - tí* [ I ] X (O
S o l u f i 'o n of . C3~) ■
'
~ o ‘ 16SO > "x <( > r o ( - ° 00

1 I -7-e 3 2S !
03 2 = 8 ■ 1310 , X C° f "O ,
= co
1 - 0 ’ 1310 J
¿~ lM o r\o rm o S e i j e r s Ve cÁ b f S s>oJt\ s f y fng re la K V n
->(0 T ->(0 . . .
x x y - 1 ; t - 1,2. CO
are given bj
O) f 0.1 2 3 9
X r» CO
o . 3 9 15
co * • 9 3 15 }
CO
n
— o * I 239 /
6 -9 7
(k) T r m C i f o O /l c o o r c t i na/fce s o-n A r n o d a .1 e ^ u o^h\0 n S :
Tke £ r e .e v> b r£X-t~ion <cr|p ctm A ^í^fev^
cpK given kg
0" j ** + [*■"] = o (?)

Ia/ k »‘c U c c v n te W r i H"e h
[r> 1 *• Cw ] 2 :x, - v C í t l * ' :=:0 (' , ° ' )
Le* ^-c^rkx oo
fív o i" / JL -> -.
? » ( M * ) 8 ° !>
VSinj Eg*. ( n ) ojv>A (¡z"), E g . f i o ”) cccn be e * .p r e sse-cJ. ^
[> "]’ t + ) “ % = 0 0*1
B j £,.(> ,-) I.JI ( p " l * y u , c o ttü n
r + f =7 o-o
OY* ^ _> _> — -y
g + [ D ] l =: 0 0 0
z o it a n e [x> ] ¿4 gíven kg
DO-- ( O " !1) ” ’ [ * ] (JO

By ^ o lv t ’n y p r o k le m fn E^. ( i s ') ., we ^Tr»J o r ffc o ñ o r mpui
x ryo d o d rruaJj-u‘ X [ X j
d o . [ ? ; > x " 1] c»)

^ £ 2,) i
Q c o m p u ta .h 'o n o/ *X ^ CLncI X n •* 5 ín d f c f l /f e a »r>
p fl-r t ( cl) ) .
6 -9 8
Bjy cmlVdclMcrwg g'e.Yiero^lí’z e J! c o a rolivna^fces_, qJ jto
C&MjlA <UrzTYcLCnc¿Jl¿ ; r 04
7 - [ x i ^ OO
O 5) Cct^v e x p re s s e d a4
fX 3 r + [D ] [X 1 r = o
’ 09)
1Sy | a ^ Y v U x lfe ^ < ^ E ¿ . ( | 9 ) te, [ > ] T , w e otfaxn
[* 3 [ * ! r+ [_ * 3 t [ e >1 £ x j r" - o" 0 * 0
In vrew or^. tír e ja r o p e r ir t e s o£ fte ¿ iM o n c ^ O r n a X
m a zL a X m a X h ix [ x ] , E g • ( 2. 0 ) b e co m e ?
[ j ] r’ + [> * ] r = 0 (2 0
E ^lo J ¡íoy t-< ( 2. 1') Q-rvt •c,yu:ru,T' m o^ oX e ^ y -o JZ crrv í ■
Z y\ t K e f^resent caA¿ >

r. ~> (i ) - * (’z') - 1 T 0- 1293 0-9315 "I
d o = o „ * . 3= (Z1)
E »tj - w Tt u i r x i
P o-I2S3 o . 3 9 I5 í" 8 - I -J r 0 . | Z 3 3 0.3315 "
(_o *9915 - 0 - 1 2 9 9 JL ""1 L ° ,5515 - 0*12 33 -

= po-568? —o 00 o2 ”| ro- 3 6 3 * o n ( 2-0
L-o-oco 2 8 - 13o í J [ 0 9 • 13 IJ
tIiu S- ffce TnaocioU ¡ , (2 ^ ív 6 n ¿y
r, -t-09,z r t = 0 or r, f o •3 é 7 r, - o (2 O
2 ••
^ + 052 r z r o or + 3 . 13 I Tz ~ o (i o
6 -9 9
¡AoáaX e ^ jjL o ilc m A d¡JL?UV-e-Jl m T ro I t e m £ . 55 ;
r, -f- o - 3 69 v-, —o CO
r2 + 8-131 =. o C O
S o lu iT c w S o^. E g / ' C O (2 ) o2tjz. ^ iv e ^ by_
Y[ ( i ■
) = A , c^S / o T ié 7 i 4- B , z&tX, -J 0.-36?' -fc O )
r2 C t) = A 2 C¿? x/sTTi? t t B 2 -tó- JT T T i? t CO
Ik e ín i Ci oO Cír^cjLcCZLínr^í a>uc_
H
x , Co) = 2 , *, ( ° ) = o CO
3t2 C o ) = 3 .> *^(o) =0 co
Ef i S- fié ") <xnrd (2.Z.)) <*£. ffre. A c lu tL ír r . Prot/e m 6 >$ 5 cojy \
te JU¿ZÁ tó ej¿-j^T-£-£* hn~L$jLa$. (ip^Jl^Xtcrn^S fe^ y ry ^ <2^-
r cu w 4 \
-l
2. C7^
$ C °) = [™ ] z x oo
$(o) , [ x] ;(o ) crr ' [ x f f C°) - ^ f<0 0O

5 u ^ tc& J T rv ^ -C?*) ¡n E fr‘ C O W£ find
r Co) = 0 ,(0 ) 7 C x -]T J c O
C r*C°) J
o .| 2 ? ? 0.99(5 i o X ,(0 = 2
3
Or Í K 5 _ o , fu «?9 o 2. v ° =
6 . 20 88
c o
l >Zo 36
I
6-100
— r<^ • O
^ ^f0) = 1 r2 60 f = ¿ M s ' nce f tf0)
In É£S • ( 3 ) Curvo) C ^) J
r¡C°) = A\ i r 2c ° ' ) = Az ; r, fo)-> g, = o i

B 2 =-<? ( ii)
•• V) C * ) - r, ( o ) o r f v/o.3é? i - £ , 2 0 85 C ^ ^ f T i é T i ( j a )
r2 ( t ) = r2 c<0 cjySjsTJTT -t = |. 2 o 3 £ (13)
6-101
^ 8 7 ^
D e v e lo [>me nlr o f é b e o r y :
Co) | i j. d e n c s tfe s " ff e rrg*‘d fctjcfy ( 'f r a h s l a . t i b v p

Xf - a<
mocfe, ;f b* C™1 ~ < tV tk o y o r fd i¿> c x s r ^ . ofter (eloífc)

r ^ ¿ £ . "x ■= t í xz f -^ v x ^ e x CO) rrv u S t A s r fltfr y
t X3 I
•fte n e í o f e o m ;
- > ( 0) 1 "
Qvn3 X - o CO
i-e*,
o- t {• i i } ■= o
u»
at ( * " j X | 1- ^ 2 x 2 1“ ™ 3 * 3 ) = ° CO
VAjtere o. a/n*c| i? ¿xhx ctfvL-bfcxr^f rumê^vo ¿ o^J
«s “fê G^KrsjpJüJjüAsL cfjy m O í ívo eXo^fcc trurJU -
Eg(O gíves
Ynl X , - f - m n 2 X 2 ' + r n3 ^ 3 ==° CO
Xn ^r€-e V»tr a p ío *n^ #Te rooPibn ís cKronouS ojv>x( /Ac^wcc
■fe-e c L t^ io c í/m w ir ^ ¿ given by
= x , íC i> > ¿ n , i ; 3 (¿O
Xn víeu/ o-f E^ 5 . q^.-) 0 ^ 4 £ 0 * tk e £olloU/¡nj re/a fib n

ís cJk* V o X d :
) -f- na 2 ' i 2 CP^> -f- y ti3 (P ) - o C O
0 0 ¡r»jf*&¿£S t k a t "tk e fSxvLnj\ yri^rmCnrCfcz^r. c j¿ X h .c y ^ c n J lc ^
pó fPe eXa^fcic ma'hib'n a£- fke S ystem ,'s -eâJ, "to ^j¿?vo >
6-102
H en ee c f fc\oog o n a . l i i ¡ j o$ ffre r t jíJ body m ode
•fe eW tcc xr'ccrfc »’•* egÛvalfiAxir fe f k e ^ S L^ ^ h ^ Z cm
(3^, 'ffce Ix n iL a T L Vr\cnrLe»ôfcrwn ir» |s^c\£ eXa^vfcc motVoy-j *
X ¿" *tó tie-un^ rU ^ zJI tk a jt a JJfco u ^ h títe r e . a?te.
tfr r e e m a«£*eg ir» f k c S^ ^ f e m ¿b o u / in ir» fYg. ^
r»oV * tr u ly ou/ 3 - d k ^ te c o^_ |^L£ec£c*nr> / í^ íf e ^ -ía-n.
eXaJ¡C ¿c (rv o fi'o Y ) Cs Con c e m e cí # err (5 ^ ce^rv t e
re ^ a ix c ltc l cu cc7v^éfe<x¿»vtr eût¿ajfccrr» itfU ¿ £ Á cjxm h^-
UJieA ~t<3 €-LCmJ-\-ua3¿L CTnJL <á 'O •^ ' firv e X jC Lrrr^ ix ^ W-£. CclTT)
e ^ r e s s
vn i rn 9
x 3 = - J _ 9 t, - iH i. ^ ( 6)
>n3 yo3
cv^ d l M e “fte ¿t fte C o ^ v z A c r u a fe ts vaof h J io M ^ n e e d e ü
Jk s c n Z t'C if e . z lo jfc c r n o 'f'íb n be^su-c& e,,
O L x e tc m ^ o Jx o JU ^ X~e cí^te/vrrvlv-LC ote r n c e o t j c u y ^ 'Jr ^ oyu^
^cm£yÂrn' L e* X — ^ ^ i x 2 x 3 ^ ¿e ^ f / r e </z^^¿rLa-^.
T
V e c fe ^ o|- C3^_ TrvJZ^í<^ Q~nrv_o( ~^T «_. j
b e 'tfc’e v e o fc / l ir^ hL-j^ jyschi^ fc cíX ^ J*^ 2 _^ vT ru Z A ^ • T “Á e.
V e c fe 4^ x «x ^ Jl x aM . n c ía jf e J ¿a-g
C*t
* = L S 3 * o>
t iik c ^ e . £ s *] ÍS #Te m a jf c * 9 ‘Ven by
0 V
Tbe v clo c ity vecfbrs x cl3~i£. / S i m i í o ^ ^
* = L S 1 * (9 )
E^S- (7 ) cuwA ( 9 ) ceu*r Le ju m A "fe e*^ Jie¿S #Te (•afe.n i'i'o-í
<V~o( W r u ife c em J L > i^ ¿^ c¡^ -ffe. Tn fi> v r w í Ofc *-|
XZ ¿ P * 2 > h ítffL c & v e J y . rh e f o fewfiVJl

trt^ tí% d ^ 3 »V en by
V =. i ; T[<1 ? = ¿ « TP 1 T [ * ] CO i
' i « T[ 5 1 € CIO
l¿ W * -£
[ í ) = f ] Tw p ]
r 2 . -fe rn*" - k , r r íj •+ 1c i n n | ( « 22 + ,rj? )
1 fe | tr»3 4 ml
2
3 - 1t , m 3Z - + ^ 2 ^ » Cm z-f - * 1 " j * •+ (m z + " ’í ) _
0 0
Tbe Kíne+i'c energy i5g i v e n by
T = i ? t m ¿ = í í O ^ m e o ^
= i2 . * r *-
[ /v
” 1-* *
/v C ,z ^
u rW u .
m i Cm i 4 ***?) «i
(13)
m 2 (vn ^ -f m? )_
Tbe eigenva^Lc probUm a ^ r t^ a fe c ! ujvtfr ffce tr¿ths^tfrmecP
given ¿y
[5 ] ? = ? 0 0
6-104
I ke So|uftb\r> o f £ f . (í«f> g iV e s (*9* 09a cuw cf f t e
C c^ l^ ^ írr\ sí-»lY i^ gurvbl 5? c á T A c ^ O v x ífijC n ^ '¿ ó
e W fe m o je s C l¿U ¿cM a jx d c u ^ crrd y tfc e á iJ fA a -x jL w u id *
gC| Q *rÁ X -2 ) • " r k e miírt¿£<S c3^- ifc e ¿ tíjA -r ^ Á ftK c z d ‘0' f r>
cojvn A^€ fjiru'vJi
—►( O _ — “ ■*’ (O
x = [ Sj x 5 W = m 00
A/ (V
Tke ^ vL *y¿L K ^ c¿M cu n Jl m sr& sL M -^ x e g c j^ l^ ^ ^ J U y y
* tv ^ ¿ A fccrzí^ Y n t ffe m (2J~m. oJbt< lo A ^ fcy x ^ u m tó Urt. <
Ol. ^ i ^ P J 7 £ ^ 2 -e cfe ¿ e J ^ .
A p í « " c c L /’lr i'o n 1o j?reS er\ t System :
por t t e fcm írum ctoAa* ¿m rru t^ es^ Tro| =• rn,, rn^ r 5 m o ^ J
Vo3*=iit*. Eg. ( ( 3 ) 3 ¡ v e s
Yn ( m + h i) m (5 ^ ) 1 1 2 5
p ” l = J-
J Yn
^(s>*0 5 m ( f m + w) J o ] * " [ [.5 ‘ r j
3o c,rt
S im ílo.X 'ly 3 í o r £,■=? It^ ~ £ j »0 O g iV « ?
2. 2.
4c m -f m rn 4 f¿ m (6 O
r * >
- t - r o - t fcvn ( S « 0 i m 1 + fc ( S í mi ) _
O 7)
[ :
E riêvW aX u-*. <3^ fk íí. M
0 0
O l 5 - [SU 5
í-ev
I 2 5 2 5
-C ¿ ** -f *
5 3o 5 3
6-105
i-e->
r - 2 > + 2 - SX + 5
C lí)
L - 5 A + 5 O o A •+ 3 7
tükjLhi.
"rn 6?
C ?*)
y í 'E $ 'r e-^ yS svJ ^ Qj^jAaXLcm li
- z A + z - 5 X -t- 5 | 2
0 * 0
—5 X + 5 —3 o > + 37 I = 35X -
S 0 lu.-tÍ 0 M af .Q z O g iv e s
* ,= I, >2 = M c*0
raode frs r ^ |- I :
CO
= ay
M
C” )
pacrc^z- fren \ 2 ~ i t ¿ í 1
CO
00
[-r : ‘, ] ? ; ; : f - n K J
0 * 0
|+€-Yice áxc<^trta-£ x*\s?rJLc oJvz,
co _ r [ 0
X C° = r [ s ] X a> c * o
~A'| O | Í U -
-I —5
c w = M í w ^ f : n { . u } .
t <-0*4 6 0
-5
6-106
W f'e n t/Te ¿Jtô J-us^cSá Ûa SZc fioo^ s qj-ul. giverx b y
^ •" it £t9j O/r*-®! i - ^ 2 . ■> ’Âc ÎXX Vi' brO-JLccrn ô(u^L-^~Y^ <3^y
tt\e A y jfe v * c¿xa \ $re Q4
_ * - ¿ cj. t — ** H- x CS, t
X (ir) = C, % e + C2 tu x e
— _¿6>,fc -* + i W« ¿
+ c 3 ' u2 e + c¿, •*<,, e (O
<
l¿f-UL?UL , 4-1, 2 I3 , H > o -n x é JljJU^>vUrt^J
■Qror* tfce ¡n ¿/t¿a¡l cjrr^Á>$ZcriA , a ^ J 'H, ca^r-c( 2{ ^ c-^
’Wve m ir r k "tb ¿,p} ¿L^pf 05>z
UíTng *Hie rdev>ti h t 'e s £ 0' 7 S ^ 0*^ 0 ) *

- ¿ 05 ¿ ,
(5 = Cxr* 691 — < 05 tr 3
+ ‘ « t _ * . . . * ) f o
¡o - Ccrt C$ r -f- t 4 i n 65 T
^ ’ CO be torí t t e n a4
S ( t ) = í| C j ( a r f ^ i ’t - ¿ ^ 09, t )
-+ 'Uv c a ^ CcrS 69|t ■+ * /k^ Î ^
•+ íTz C 3 ( cerf Wt t ~ * ^ ^2 ^5
+ H j. Cij ( c z t * ^ (^Z ^'X > ( 3 ^
6-107
+ uz{ Cc3 + cO ¿ (O
T U V ie^ ( C y + Ci ) > * C c a “ C0 - » i C0
cu vJl i ( C t , - C 3' ) U *™ t* ~ fU M < X in
CXÁ
C, + C A = Ai ^ 1
C O
¿ ( c 2 - c O = ^ í 1 1
C J + C i, = A ¿ /V ¿ n <f> X j
¿ Cc 4 - c0 = Az ^ ^2. J
A ,, -¿i > A2 CLXC y n j^ u r 0 3 t^ o a J 5 ,
Us .'k^ E g ,s -(0 oj~ Í CO j £g- 0 0
x ( t ) = ó I 1 ' [ A , ^ h ^ | C j:r í ü 5 | t - f A l <^ A | ^ ' t£9i ^ l
•+ ^ Z { A ^ coi 6Sz t + A z (>< /S ^ n <^ 2 £ J"
I-,/- C7)
^ ¡0 5 He ¿oU U > A j
(^ +• (3 ^ ) = /f o n <=¿ C a í (3 -| - ¿ o -J a¿ j3 Ce JT í-uíU /C fe^ mi ífe jr O v >
?C ( é ) = /\ ( + J ¿, ^ ) tl( + A 2 + ( 2 ¡2 ) ^
o y
6-108
z g u a - b io n s oí m orro n cure
"ir n o o ’ífc -k
*M- 1
0 m o x 2. - + -■k fc
_ o 0 TTl fc o
. * 3.
ubere W) = i fc > = ooo */w

?
E igeviva-lu-e OJnld~y¿r¿£ i
F requ en cy egu.cL.bton is
2. f 2 o O ■ ‘ 3 - 1
- Ü W 0 -f fc -1 1 — O
t o O
Lo 0 1- 1 O 1 - 1
or - 2 .X + 3 - I -l
= o u > bere A= —- m
—! -X + l o 1c.
o —A + i
0T 2 a3 - 7 A2- ■+- & A -I = O
Roots cure
A,= O -U IZ Z O ; A¿ = l-o » A3 = 2 -2 8 0 7 ?
05± = 0 * 4 C ¿ 2 o ? ^ y [ E , C¿>2 = t'O J í f üS3 = 1-51022.51
f'Tode ¿ha-fes1 ojtx g»Ven b j
- 2 A¿ + 3 -| - 1
-I -A ¿ -ff °
-1 O — 1_
= (-2 -^ + 0
0 ‘> (¿)
i /
M orm a - Líjo Jrt'o 'n o f moáe ¿ k a ^ e ¿ w i t K to C™ !
X (° T W x " ^ H 07! 1 t) r i - 5 S i 5 6 ' X 0 A = 3 -2 .IÍ2 3
X2C0= C S 3 7 3 4 . c o ^ . ^ i e
X < 0 - 5 5 7 3 4-
{ 0 -5 5 7 3 4
6-109
o
z (y f°) =1
-O ‘2 /
O
= O' 1 0 1 11 (O _
c -7 0 7 ( I
- 0 - 7 0 7 1 |J
0 )U i
X Í ,)T ( > ] X(,)= (- I .Z S 0 7 ? I l ) j - 2 ™ < s e j ( x ™ ' f =
-0 -5 5 7^4
x i% 0 + * ™ ¡ rrO)_ ' r - ?©•43
? * !5?I ¿♦ )
.. . (. 0 *4 *5 1 G
Q = [ X ] T F ( t ) = vector of generezlíjed forces
" " o . 4-3516 0.55734 0-55734
O o -7 o 7 ll —o - 7 o 7 í (
-0 .5 5 7 3 4 o * 4 3 5 í6 <?*435I6 ^ .4vn
U n c o u j 2>tec( £^m-ClÍZo7vS c*j_ m o t i o n qJt^-
_j. 2.14-2.2. = 2-75*67 ^ fot
+ 1000-00 = - 3-5356 S Í» lo t
Ce* O
¿'3 4 2280-78 = 2 -175 * /O t
Paurti c l l Íclt so L u í io n 8 o f - (fe*0 ore
£ ,(t)= - ( ^ ^ io t = o •0233744 lo t
V 2 »?. 2.2 - IOO /
2^ 0 ) = / " 3>y3 ^ fo t - - o - o o 3? 2 ? 4 ^ fot

v fó o o — to o '
Z . ( t ') - f _ ± 2-
l Z175
I Í£— \ (üt = O - 00O? ? 7 7 ío t
vx 22 SO-.7*7 ?-
- 1
100
00 )
S m ce ? = £ * ] & o.43516 o -0-55734

g , we g e fc
0.55734 0.7071 1 o-43516
o * 55 7 34 —0 - 7 0 7 ff 0*43516
x ,(t ) = o . 0096155 ,W lo t rn
x ^ (t) = 0-0035333 <ot ™

0.0(62335 lo t •
■Co.') F rom E n a m p íe 6 -8 , fo r * t i = kti = fct ! = k t aJr' el r l = :ri = J 3 = ^ >

6 .9 0 ) r , o O -l 2 - 1 0 7
M = ^ I .0
o -I 2 - 1
o1 °I I ' Ck l = k -t
-I » -i
£ {je n V c¿1 ll£. j?ro Mem be c o m es
-X+2 - t o
-t - X+ 2 -| W tere X= ^ ^ .
O - I —A-F| _
— (E .i)
6-110
Fre^Lcenc^ e ^ u a iío n ís
X 3 - 5f + £ A -t = O
poo'bs' cî-e.
A ,= o- 195 , A2, — 1*555 * = ?* 2 4 -7
M 3^
(e -O ) 9 «V e s © 2C* } = (-A ¿ + z ) © ,C ; ) ,
O")
©3
i
© - J*)
©i
r 1
- ( 0 ( 1 CO 7 ^ z) 1 (0
© = < ® = <4' 0 .4 4 5 ] i (3)= Í ©
í ' - * ° Z I
1< 2 - 2 4 7 J [-0-Í02J 1 1{ 0-555 J
Ñ o r \rr\a,lc$CLbt'on :
CO
© (1,TM © f,)= (i I"802 L -W t) ( i- 8 0 2 (, 70 (® - ?• 29 G2 f e ” ? í= »
( 2* 2 4 7
® (, ° = 0-32- S / ^ '
f° T W ® fl1= ( l 0-4-45 - 0 - 8 0 2 ) | o *.4 4 5 ) Jo = 1 - 8 4 1 2 (®,W ) ^ =1
J .) / r —i (-0 -3 0 2 J
®, = 0 -7 3 7 /^ '
.(0
fflf5’ = ( l -1-247 0-555) 7 (®,f° ) = 2-S63
- j - 1-247
(. 0-555.
® ^ = 0 -5 9 1 /J j;
[m i - o r -t h o n o r m a ,!. m oA al m a ,-fc r íx 7s
o*3 28 0 *7 37 o S 9 l ~~1
DO- o . *91 0*32-? - 0 .7 3 7 |
_ o .7 ?7 - 0 .5 9 / 0*3 2?
J
F br jív e n ¿ ia h x j
G9 4 .4 4 7 7 tq A /% , C 3 t - 12'4700
"<7*328 0 * 7 3 7 0-591
[* ] = —
0 *5 9 / a- 3 2 8 -0-737
, o * l i l -0-59/ 0.328
(i>) AC-c o r d fn g -to moAoî CLX\aJ.y$\S, UttCouJ?le<l egu cu h b m of m otío-n cure
t ¿ C t) + ^ = * ¿(* ) i ¿ 3 (e - 2)
6-111
500 = [ x l T [x]T ^
'to
368 -5
Ot5 loo fc = Cfl* ICofc
-2 9 5 * 5
16 4 -0
SfcecuLj -5'b'aié Ao{u--bion o£ (e-O ís 40 - ^ CoS C3-I:
£ t (fc ) = - o . o s é 9 2 orf loofc

fc (fc) = o -o ío o l orf loofc
£3 (fc) = -0 * 0 1 6 9 5 Ciyt loot
f iin ju la r d e ^ l e cfcío n s a -re
— 0 *00000 25 t
?W = [x3? ío = 5 o * o o o 5 i9 0 y eos loofc r a J úlajn
- o . 0505115 J
From ^robiem 6.56 ^ 0) co
X -= < ^ K ' - x ' - ' ^ o f x í 0 , X (,)= -/2 V X
M ™ [o l O]
NorrncJ.ijcii'fbYi giVeS
Ci) 0) 1
X WXC M x ( , ) = (1 O | vIT 1 ^ X, Zfrñ
x(1)TE-1 * « = (l 1
o - l i } (* « )* X, 415*
x c° T M x (,)= ( I -V z O (-V i im = 1 =>
fOod¿xl m a/bríx ís
/z /fe /2
D O * 7b ’/ f e o -i/fe
- / i -l/v /I /2
on‘3 ína,L cou-fsled eûcLbíons cure £m ] x ^ = 0
Llncoujded eûafcfonS wifck J _ px3 cüit
••
8 + ¡ J 3^ 8 = 5
or o
as; o
i
»s -
uitfck c^,2- = o - S B ^ l Z Z £ ■ , CS¿ - z ~ J C ú j = 3.414214 J i
6-112
•656 | JrrT
09 Z | •—
'\o
L- ( es, (0.>9 8 C G ^ )
- 0-5181G fb S r^ / lc
d 8t W = 005 Í( = - ^\o ^
63 J" o . 3 2 8 0
) 0-59 II eos c s t
03
, o -73 7 0
- 8 *3 3 9 7 9 fb o*32 80
* C oS C 9 "t
0-S9/1
v O -7 3 7 0
Eg . (£■• 3 ^ ín ^roklem S-hz^remerit 3¡V es
3 ) p f 1-93225
Co5 631
(t) = ? ( “7T 05 7 5 -2 8 4 3 1 *
G ' ( é - 5-8^6 3 .
5"* 3 3 2 2 5 s p ,
= + 10*2843 I coS 63
12 • S * * 6 3 J
EgucL'tícmS o£ m ctC on jV e e vibrcL-kíon

1 o 3 -Z o
rn o 2 x 4 'k -2 5 - 3 X =
O o O —3
F rom (? r o b ie m 6.51 ,
G3¿= o •337627 : G32 = 4 <422 |, 63, - 2-094278
f \‘ C>
(0 _ * (^ = i 0 .s93
X0)= j <-4430041 x(,) X (^ = } 0-4-9999
1.62865-9 \ y i- o - 4 - 9 9 9 ? ■204666]
F ree V í i i r c x 't o r ^ m o - fc fo n ís gn V er» (s e e se ctto r» 5-3)
x (t) - X 0 ) Cfc) + " x (Z\ t ) 4 X v Y O
f X Í° 0*5 (09,4+ * 0 + c^ C 092 t 'f ^ 2 ) 4 x í?) C ^ (6 9 ?-fc4 4 ?)
= < 1 .4 4 3 X,C° co? (G9(t 4 ¿ , ) 4 0*5 ((á zt + ¿ z ) - 0 - £ 9 3 c * í(b ?t + £ ,)
( 1-6287 X^Cxj* (63,t+^,) _ o*5 X ^ c x ^ ( 6 9 ^ 4 ^ ) 4 O'204-7 X,C?) 0 ^ ( 0 3 3 4 4 - ^ 3) .
known m íh 'c L l c o n c fi-tr ío n S J iv e ~~ ( E ’ L)
6-113
— ( e - 2)
So/u-fcíor» oj- ( B ’ Z') cl-yvcÍ (E-3^ gtVes
eos = o-8 8 8 4 > X Í° Sin = o-45 4
X f 2-) coS <j¿2 — 0 * 6 6 6 7 , X j 2^ Sin — 0'"78 57
x f* ^ Cof ^3 =_o>555'í , x f 3> s‘*> 5^3 — 0 *45 78
Henee x COs 0 .9365 , x(^ = (. 0 8 0 4 , x f 5 )= o*7(95
^ = 26-3353°, ¿ 2. “ - 4 3 *é*4o', ¿3 = 1 4 0 -4 * 7 0 '
os,nd ■fcbe £»*nad Solubion is given S ( E - O - ______________
5?(t) = [X] q[í,) ; ¿ (t) = p q í( t ) (1)
l f x ( 0 ) and x[0) are the known initial conditions in terms o f physí.cal coordinates, to find
the corresponding valúes o f ”q(0) and "q(0) , we premultiply both sides of Eq. (1) by
[XlT [mi to obtain at t = 0:
[X]T [m] x(0) = [X]T [m] [X] "q(0) (2)

[X]T [m] x(0) = [X)T [m] [X] q[0) (3)
Since the normal modes are normalized with respect to the mass matrix as
[X]T H [X] = [I] (4 )
Eqs. (2) and (3) reduce to:
q[0) = [X]T [m] x(0) ; q(0) = [X]T [m] x(0) (5)

x.
150 -1 0 0
[k] = ( 1 0 3) N /m
-1 0 0 100
40 0
m = kg
0 80
6-114
Natural frequencies are given by (see Eq. (3) in the solution of Problem 5.5):
ki + k ¡ k L + k2 ( k2 k i k5
üj\i2 = + ±1
2 mi 2 m2 mi ni2 m2
'
i
2
150 100 1 150 100 (100) (50)
80 ^ 160 4 40 ' 80 (40) (80)
(io3)
334.9365, 4665.1
CJj = 18.3013 rad/sec ; cj2 = 68.3015 rad/sec

M ode sbapes are defined by Eqs. (4) and (5) in the solution o f Problem 5.1:
xj,1) k2 100 (103)
= 1.3660
— m2 íü\ + k2 - (80) (334.9365) + (100) (103)
1.0
X ^ a i
1.366
where a is a constant.
XÍ¡2> k2 (1 0 0 )(103)
= - 0.3660
ni2 cj2 + k2 - (80) (4665.1) + (100) (103)
f f 2) = 'b ]1'°
i-0.3 66
where b is a constant.
Orthogonalization of modes:
40 0 1.0
5 ? 1)T [m] X ^ = a2 (1.0 1.366) = 189.2765 a2 = 1
0 80 1.366
a = 0.07269
40 0 1.0
X?2)T [m] X ^ = b2 (1.0 -0 .3 6 6 ) = 50.7165 b 2 = 1
0 80 -0.3 66
b = 0.14042
M odal matrix:
0.07269 0.14042
[X] =
0.09929 -0.05139
6-115
s
Due to the elevation of 0.05 m, spriug kj and henee m j will be subjected to additional
compression o f k* (0.05) = 2500 N.
Equation (6.111) gives:
|181.725
Q(t) = [X]T F(t) =
1351.05
Solution is given by (without initial conditions) Eq. (6.114):
qi(t) = — / Q i(r) sil1 ¿4 (t - r) dr ; i = 1 , 2

^1 o
t r' = t - r = 0 ^
Since / sin H (t — r) dr = — . J sin H r' dr' = (1 — cos tt t)
we find
1OI 79^
q (1 - eos 18.3013 t) = 0.5426 ( l - cos 18.3013 t)
' (18.3013 )
q ^ t) = _351; ° 3 9- (1 - cos 68.3015 t) = 0.07525 ( l - cos 68.3015 t)
(68.30152)
Response of the masses can be found from Eq. (6.104):
0.07269 0.14042 0.5426 (1 - cos 18.3013 t)

x(t) = [X] q(t) =
0.09929 -0.05139 0.07525 (1 - cos 68.3015 t)
[0.03944 (1 - cos 18.3013 t) + 0.01057 (1 - cos 68.3015 t)

¡O.05387 (1 - cos 18.3013 t - 0.00387 (1 - cos 68.3015 t)
Note:
This problem can also be solved by specifying the initial conditions as
X
x( 0) = 1
0 -05
?- m x( 0 ) =
IV
v ' [0.05 0'
and solving the free vibration problem.
6 .9 6 ) A = 0.5 m ; m¡ = 1 kg (i = 1, 2, 3). Assume mi = m 2 = m 3 = m = 1 ;

€1 — €2 = ^3 = £ 0.5.
From solution o f Problem 6.42, we obtain:

3 2 l' 3 2 l'
m] = m 2 2 2 1 = 0.25 2 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
6-116
3 0 o' 3 0 o'
[k] = m g / 0 2 0 = 4.905 0 2 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
From solution o f Problem 6.583 the natural frequencies and mode shapes can be found as
CJi = 0.644798 í w2 = 1.514698 5 ^3 = 2.507977
Since = 4.4294, we ñnd

V F -
oJi — 2.8561 rad/sec ; cj2 = 6.7092 rad/sec ; cj3 = 11.1088 rad/sec
1.0 1.0 1.0

^(3)
X^l) = a 1 1.2922 • ; X < 2 ) = b - 0.3527 •; X = c - -1 .6 4 5 0
1.6312 -2.3978 0.7669
Ortbonormalization of mode sbapes:
[m] = 5.4118 a2= 1 or a = 0.4299

X?2^ [m] X 7 = 0.9805 b 2= 1 or b = 1.0099
5?3)T [mi X = 0.3577 c2= 1 or c = 1.6720
M odal matrix:
1 0.4299 1.0099 1.6720

[X] = [:x 111 x 12’ 0.5555 0.3562 -2 .7 5 0 4 ( 1)
J=
0.7012 -2.4 215 1.2822
F(t) = - (2)
MaOO
0.7012 Mt3(t)
Q(t) = [X]T F(t) = ■- 2.4215 Mtaft) (3)
1.2822 Mt3(t)
Solution o f q¿(t) without initial conditions:

i 1
qi(t) = — f Qi(r) sin (t - r) dr ; i = 1, 2, 3 (4)

(A o
W e denote Mt3 (t) as
Mt3(t) = Mo [u(t) - u(t - t0)j (5)
wbere M q = 0.1 N-m, t0 = 0.1 sec and u(t) and u(t — t0) are the unit step functions:
6-117
|0 ; t< 0
u(t) =
1 ; t >0
[o0 ;; tt <<C tg
u(t~ t o ) = {l ; t > t0
Thus we obtain
i 1
iiW = — / sin (* ~ r ) ít
= — ----- f 0.7012 (0.1) - u(r) — u(r — 0.1) ■sin 2.8561 (t — r) dr

2.8561 JQ J
= 0.02455 J u(r) sin 2.8561 (t — r) dr — J u(r — 0.1) sin 2.8561 (t — r) dr

o o
B y noting that
** i
J n(r) sin Q (t — r) dr = — ( l — eos fl t) (6)
o 12
and J n(r — t0) sin H (t — r) dr = jl — eos fl (t — t0)j (7)
w e can derive
q ^ t) = 0.008596 j^l - cos 2.8561 tj ; 0 < t < 0.1 sec
= 0.008596 jeos 2.8561 (t — 0.1) — cos 2.8561 tj ; t > 0.1 s (8)
Similarly, we can derive
q^ t) = - 0.005379 11 - cos 6.7092 tj ; 0 < t < 0.1 sec
= - 0.005379 jeos 6.7092 (t - 0.1) - cos 6.7092 tj ; t > 0.1 sec (9)
qa(t) = 0.001039 j l - cos 11.1088 t^ ; 0 < t < 0.1 sec
= 0.001039 j^cos 11.1088 (t - 0.1) — cos 11.1088 tj : t > 0. 1 sec (10)

Tbns the angular (physical) displacements o f the pendulum can be expressed as:
x(t) = [X] q(t) ( 11)

where [X] is given by Eq. (1) and"q(t) is given by Eqs. (8) to (10). Henee
Xi(t) = 0.003675 (1 - cos 2.8561 t) - 0.005432 (1 - cos 6.7092 t)
+ 0.001737 í l - cos 11.1088 t) 0 < t < 0.1 sec
= 0.003695 eos 2.8561 (t - 0.1) - cos 2.8561 t
- 0.005432 cos 6.7092 (t - 0.1) - cos 6.7092 t
+ 0.001737 jeos 11.1088 (t - 0.1) - cos 11.1088 tj t > 0. 1 sec
6-118
x 2(t) = 0.004775 (1 - eos 2.8561 t) - 0.001916 ( l - eos 6.7092 t)
- 0.002858 í l - eos 11.1088 t) 0 < t < 0.1 sec
= 0.004775 eos 2.8561 (t - 0.1) - eos 2.8561 t
- 0.001916 Icos 6.7092 (t - 0.1) - eos 6.7092 t
— 0.002858 jeos 11.1088 (t — 0.1) — eos 11.1088 tj t > 0.1 sec

x3(t) = 0.006027 (1 - eos 2.8561 t) + 0.013025 ( l - eos 6.7092 t)
+ 0.001332 í l - eos 11.1088 t) 0 < t < 0.1 sec
= 0.006027 eos 2.8561 (t - 0.1) - eos 2.8561 t
+ 0.013025 Icos 6.7092 (t - 0.1) - eos 6.7092 t
+ 0.001332 [eos 11.1088 (t - 0.1) - eos 11.1088 tj t > 0.1 sec
F.Cfc), N
6 ,9 7 ) m = 2 kg, k = 10,000 N /m ,
10000
= 70.7107.
1 0 0
m] = 2 0 2 0
0 0 3
3 -2 0
pe] = 104 - 2 5 -3
0 -3 3
From the solution o f Problem 6.51, we find the natural frequencies and mode shapes as:
c¿i = 0.337627 = 1.414221 * \ J ; CJ3 = 2.094278

or = 23.8738 rad/sec ; o;2 = 100.0006 rad/sec ; W3 = 148.0879 rad/sec
\
1.0 1.0 1.0
S « = a - 1.4430 • ; X 121 = b ■0.5 Y*3* = c ■-0 .6 9 3 0
; X
1.6286 -0 .5 0.2047
Orthonormalization o f modes:
5 ? 1)T [m] = 26.2430 a2 = 1 or a = 0.1952
5 ? 2)T [m] X*2) = 4 .5 b 2 = 1 or b = 0.4714
3?3)T [m] = 4.1724 c 2 = 1 or c = 0.4896
Modal matrix:
0.1952 0.4714 0.4896
f e 11 & 0.2817 0.2357 -0 .3 3 9 3
L
(1)
0.3179 -0.2357 0.1002
6-119
F i(t)
F(t) = O (2)
O
0.1952 Fx(t)
Q(t) = [X]T F (t) = 0.4714 Fx(t) (3)
0.4896 F i(t)
Solution o f qi(t) without initial conditions:

i c
qj(t) = — f Q i(r) sin u\ (t — r ) d r ; i = 1, 2, 3 (4)
î 0
A
F i ( t ) = F 0 u(t) - u ( t - 10)
where F 0 = 1000 N, t0 = 0.25 sec, and u(t) and u(t - t0) are unit step functions:
0 * t <0
u(t) =
'1 5 t > t0
0 ; t< t0
u(t - " to)
1 ; t > t0
Equations (3) give:
195.2 u(t) — u(t — 0.25) ■
Q iW
Q(t) = - Q2(t) = ■471.4 ■u(t) — u(t — 0.25) j-
■
(5)
J
,
Qs(t)
489.6 u(t) — u(t — 0.25) •
and Eqs. (4) yield:

qi(t) = 0.3425 ( l - cos 23.8738 t) ; 0 < t < 0.25 sec
= 0.3425 [eos 23.8738 (t - 0.25) - cos 23.8738 tj ; t > 0.25 sec
qj(t) = 0.04714 (1 - cos 100.0006 t) ; 0 < t < 0.25 sec

= 0.04714 jeos 100.0006 (t - 0.25) - cos 100.0006 tj t > 0.25 sec
qs(t) = 0.02232 (1 - cos 148.0879 t) ; 0 < t < 0.25 sec

= 0.02232 [eos 148.0879 (t - 0.25) - cos 148.0879 tj ; t > 0.25 sec
6-120
The physical displacements o f the masses are given by:
x(t) = [X] q(t)
which can be explicitly expressed as:

X i(t) = 0.06686 (1 - cos 23.8738 t) - f 0.02222 (1 - cos 100.0006 t)
+ 0.01093 (1 - cos 148.0879 t) ; 0 < t < 0.25 sec
= 0.06686 eos 23.8738 (t - 0.25) - cos 23.8738 t
+ 0.02222 jeos 100.0006 (t - 0.25) - cos 100.0006 t j
+ 0.01093 cos 148.0879 (t - 0.25) - cos 148.0879 t j ; t > 0.25 sec

x 2(t) = 0.0£ 648 (1 - cos 23.8738 t) + 0.01111 (1 - cos 100.0006 t)
— 0.007573 f l — cos 148.0879 t) ; 0 < t < 0.25 sec
= 0.09648 cos 23.8738 (t - 0.25) - cos 23.8738 t
+ 0.01111 jeos 100.0006 (t - 0.25) - cos 100.0006 t j
— 0.007573 [eos 148.0879 (t — 0.25) - cos 148.0879 tj ; t > 0.25 sec

x 3(t) = 0.1089 (1 - cos 23.8738 t) _ 0.01111 (1 - cos 100.0006 t)
+ 0.002236 (1 - cos 148.0879 t) ; 0 < t < 0.25 sec
= 0.1089 cos 23.8738 (t - 0.25) - cos 23.8738 tj
-0 .0 1 1 1 1 cos 100.0006 (t - 0.25) - cos 100.0006 tj
+ 0.002236 cos 148.0879 (t - 0.25) - cos 148.0879 tj ; t > 0. 25 sec
6-121
Qols') motion:
%*
] ? = / ( ■ ( - ) (i )
'Ltrltt
CO
M --[J + ] - r * 3 - - f ' z " * ] , Í m - í t c o . '
(c t 9 [Y lc rc L u L ■e^j.a s J j ^g y ^ •
E<£ . ( O C o ^ ir € X<2Â¿fev> £t$
í> ]2 3 * "* + M a 1 í CO
Us í
"3
f = M 2 x ft^
or -»
oc
.C 3 ) ca^rx írc Jtfev* cus
j. ** , j. - 1
[™32 í + ÜO (pKl2) % = r CO (6)
P A ^ n ^ iír ^ Ep-co) (íK P ) ' fe oLLcn
t ■> ( m 4 ) " m ( h 4 ) - ' j- . (M í ) ' f (4, C 7 5
(TV
& + DO & = ( m *) ¿ CO co
T v ^ o x iu -C v o j ^ ^ jL ^ L o lx i^ e A Q rr
C^TSxrLinpJhlj F aA
% = [ x ] F CO
6-122
[ x j tfa . v t u J 3 ¡¿ X :
__>(') —* Cz ") —i r
C x > [ * / X „ ] c o
v ítt x “ ’ * U * ') ’ t e í- ^ ■ »*í x t e ' ” í u ~ J
e X ^ A v- v e J T ( ^ U <4- " f e &y> ¡fc~r. ■ j h u S E f i. C? ) (_CZsy^ L e
in l-eA^-5 ^ r ^
[ x ] r + [ £ ’3Cx 3 ^ =•(^Cm ] 2’ 3 " f (* ") x*
P^w vm W ^J^. E ^ 'O O [y 3 r C x3 to ottá^'n
/ > ] " > ] TT + [ x ] TC P l [ x ] % = [ x ] T( H 4) ' f
Q2>
Xy> vi'eu c r j- tfre p r o ja -c n fc e ^ < £ \ £ fc o n ¿W r
r^ o s^ -í^ * [ X 1 ^ E ff ' ( 12. ^ ) Le-CcnmJ2<S
F f t ) 0 0
? + M r -
eí^fvOxc
H
\— 1
1-- )
O 'O
X
F ( 0 = r - ] 1 ) " 1 f e o
So l u H o n o f fra ile
Xv-, tf=re C í= ^ •> ^Ytrm ffcé
£ .2 5 , ■i\&Ar€.
'0 - 1 2 1 1 0 .7 7 /5 -7
0 0
0 1 = - 0. Í¿7 7 J
0 0
C o r ) " = [ : 00 . 5 1J
j~ o .3 6 1
C«7)
K J >
6-123
Henee •CfiO 3 l v e s
0 . 12 79 0 .7715 ~ 1 0 “
r e o =
f ( O
LTl
L_
_ o . 9 9 (5 - 0 . (¿7 ?
0
0
^
r
12 7 ? 0.41575 - r *C *> 7
-o .1 9 l 5 — 0 . a G ¿i ^ S ^ / J
or
0.121? + 0 .^ 1 5 1 5 "
F ,C * )
O 8 )
F*C*0 o . “J? 15 í| fE ) _ o , o £ ¿f 7 5 f 2 Ct )
(t~) Lt üw te fr e m -f£e r 13ti "ir 'ta/nÂ biJLa- cr^-
Eg. ( 1 9 ) ■'
• Xy o.??|5 ¿P, Cí) - 0 - 0 6 ^ 1 5 $¿ L i ' ) , tfce. S e a rrJ,
rru n b t <u á J-1 vnjtfr te
• Xjj- 0-12 1 1 f, CE) = - o. ¿i 1 51? f-2 (£), , tíre jf.v s-t
YnorLe- 'UjiAi nj^t te o-j^je-eted
« ly loo"ft "ffre cu tov e O jvvJX & crn-^ oJ-ue n V t r
tcjttr ír u n ÍA S -u ñ /í te x^ vX v rC -cJ 1V 1 f r e /•Salu’h o m
"fte j^v-a tl em .
6-124
Eûa-írfor»$ o£ m c t ion + Lc 3 x* + O í * = f* (£.1)
Lthere
Sfnce FjO ) = Re wiH’ Fio - Fo - F z o = F? o = ° >

we a ífu m e X (t)_ X , e itS t i /• = !.* ,3 . TÍien (E -O tecow es
/ /
[ z r s c ^ > ] x = ^ --(* • » )
Uihere z u ( * es) - - m, t<32 + (c, + c2-) -1- ^ 4- ( ■+■ = -id *' -j-i¿ L9 +- 2-0o
Z |X(£69) =• Z t ,(¿69) ■= —Cz ¿09 — = _ £ 09 - 100
= Z?i (£09) - O
z ti(£ G 9 )- -j-(c * .+ c 3 ) ( * z + ^ 3) S - Ct5 -+ CS + Z-0 0 — (e-
^ 2 3 (-Í 05) =• Z 3 Ct3} = — O j — ^3 = — £ G5 - I0 O ,
^33 ( > 0 3 ) = - G91 -i- + c t+ ) i 03 +■ (K-i + * a .\ = —
6-125
(E*z) becom es
(i-C + 193 ) X, - ( i i - l o o ) Xa + ( o ) X 3 - 10
- ( ¿ + i o e ) X, + ( i i + d ? ' ) X z - ( t + ioo) X3 = o — (e-4)
(o) X, - ( c + to ó ) x 2 + ( i x + <??) X3 =
S olu tion o f 0 =’ 4 ) Cajti be e x p r e v e d cus
u /b e re ** = — ( E’ s)
lo - (x-H oo)
A, = o (z i + iií) “ O* + io o ) =r 2 3 5 9 S o 4 5 9 6 0 X
o - ( ¿ > 100) (2 ¿ -H ? 9 )
(l¿+l9?) 10 o
—(x+ loo) = !?£ 920 4 3930 X

-(< + 100) o
o ( 2. ¿ 4 19?)
(2.¿ + I14?) - ( i 4- IOo) |0
A ,= o 99 9 ?0 4 2 000 ¿
- ( * > loo) (2<: + l99)
O - 0 ¿ + too) o
( l ¿ + II?) - (< + loo") o

A - = ||8 0 0 2 ¿ + 3 S93 4 - 0 ?
— (<•+■ ÍOo) ( 2 ¿ + 11?) - ( i + Ioo)
- (¿ + l o o ) 0.2 4 ( 9 9 )
U sm j (£-s ) , we y e t"
87 639• 682
Amf>lfb«de = O* 07588 4 5 tr\
1154850 •3?2+ I I6 8 5- 7S 4- C P b a fe cxn^le ■= 0-579S
39 608>96l______________
Xo — Avnpl f t u d e = 0 - 0 5 10152 Tn
7 7 6 3 7 5 - . 2.18-1- 7721- 39é ¿
pbea^se cunóle = O'SS^S0
10 0 0 2 ' OOO A rn p lítu d e = 0-025635-7 Tn

3 9 O 137-914 4 4 OOO - 2 0 2 i ?k xse c in g le - o*S,8 7 4 °
Tbus bUe s i e o ^ 'j s ic t.b e r e s j» o n ? e s cft¿ * .
x ,(-t)= 0-0798845 e os ( o s t 4 o - 5 7 9 S * ) Tn
* z C f c ) = O' 05 (O 15 2 e os ( c s t - h 0-5 5 4 5 ° ) i
x 30 ) = 0- 025 6 3 5-7 ce* (ôg-t-h O-5 9 7 4 ° ) ■
COodajt \ c ¿ b r ix can be G K p r e s s e J c u = £"x (0 -ÍW - w - j
tí x3
Usmg . (6-122.) « #í O
* (* ) = t x l t CO where g (t) = J
.1X1 .1X3 3X1 l i 3 C± >)
e<£U.ctbíor\£ o f m o iío n can ¿e 'U rib b e n cu¡
6-126
M C x l $ + [ c l í * l W C x ] f = -C™3 ^ *=( t )
?remul-típ/rca,¿r/'cm by C x]^ ~ j i v e S T
[ x ] TH [ x ] f + C * JTC - J[x J t + [ X lr [ ^ c x l r = - Del M
flS’sutmn^ hhcub th e rricuss m cubrí k ís diagon al a n d t h e dcum pm j mcutrix ís

hXO pO ttioncul , f E - i ) Can be CXbreSSed io A ca llar fo rm cJ>
• •• 12. r/ ) fp.s'N
■ "a 2* + c - Si + * ü «i = - * o C t) S ™> x í , i - «-*,3 - - ( « )
/ =1
Uihere rn^- , C-¿ a ,n j fc¿-- ore g e n e r a líc e d ma-ss., g e n e r a l i3 e.d
cjom fJínj, cLnJ o e n e r a t íje d ¿ b iffn e s s , rry ¿5 tke rnc^ss a t iKe
á * 0 - f - and í? th e ¿ .th eom|s>©nent of th e v e c to r X ^ ^•
* - - - | , ( f ) ‘
c«= 2 Ti a-nJ Ü ü. = C5¿ j i =1.2.3
w K ere w = in a ss <2/t ea-cM d • o< - f ■
E g ' ( B ’ Z) c a n be w r ít t e n , ryoting th aJc t e r e is no d a m fin j in th e
■ » * “ • * ' 2 . « ) f s « r } 1 f
í¡ + <* «i 1— w - ) , - ; , w - f e
3 ¿ = < ,2 ,3 ( £ . 3)
n o r ín g that
12 . •\
¿J X g = 7-464 tbr ¿= i, -2*67 £>r t = 2 , 1-618 ¿= 3,
^ ( * } <^ ) 2' = e ’ i 7 ? G5 S dír¿=l, 6-4-2612 f e y * = z i 0*90962 ísr <■p ?,
^ s.(E * 3 ) ccL.n be re< J u -ced to
g ( i ) + 50625-0 £ ,(t) = - 1-ZG903 ^ a[ t )
£ (fc) 4 4356 00-0 % & )= 0-4-11^4-3 â Cb) --- Ce-4)
^ (O 4 I2-* 0 0 0 0 - 0 e , C t ) - _ 0-234(66 ^ ( t )
6-127
Ei'geftVO/lue p r o U e m :
X 0 3 X = pe] X
( o o - r i -2 t -
X ^ os , ¡rn ] =
0 Z O * [*3 = -2 4 -2
- 0 O i _ _ 1 -2 1 _
Sol u { io n uSi'n^ M ATLAB:
% Ex6_101.m
>> k = [1 -2 1 ; - 2 4 -2; 1-2 1]
k =
1 - 2 1
-2 4 -2
-2 1
>> m = [1 0 0 ; 0 2 0;Ó 0 1]
» [V, D] = eig (k, m)
V =
-0.6439 -0.5792 0.5000
-0 ¿876 0.1105 -0.5000
-0.3314 0.8001 0.5000
D =
-0 .0 0 0 0 0 o
0 0.0000 o
0 0 4.0000
X i(t) = x 20 (0.1527 eos 0.5626 t + 0.09847 eos 0.9158

£ m
- 0.2512 eos 1.5848 co

t)
€m
x 2(t) = x 20 (0.2087 eos 0.5626

£ m
t + 0.03177 eos 0.9158
V £m
O )
+ 0.7594 eos 1.5848 t)
V £ m
x3(t) = x 20 (0.1987 eos 0.5626

V £m
m
t - 0.06157 eos 0.9158
V £ m
- 0.1372 eos 1.5848

V £ m t)
ÍB)
= 0.5, P = 100^ S, m = 2
6-128
¡Yí AT L A B So lu t i’en o£■ s • 0 ) —(3 )
% Ex6_102.m
x20 = 0.5;
p = 100;
1 = 5;
m = 2;
c = sqrttp/(l*m ) );
for i = 1 : 501
t (i) = 1 0*(i-l)/500;
x l ( i ) = x20 * ( 0 . 1 5 2 7 * c o s ( 0 . 5 6 2 6 * c * t ( i ) ) + . . .
0 .09847*cos(0.9158*c*t(i)) - 0 .2512*cos(1 .5 8 4 8 * c* t(i)) );
x 2 ( i ) = x20 * ( 0 . 2 0 8 7 * c o s ( 0 . 5 6 2 6 * c * t ( i ) ) + . . .
0.03177*c o s ( 0 . 9 1 5 8 * c * t ( i ) ) + 0 .7 5 9 4 *cos( 1 . 5 8 4 8 * c * t ( i ) ) );
x 3 ( i ) = x20 * ( 0 . 1 9 8 7 * c o s ( 0 . 5 6 2 6 * c * t ( i ) ) - . . .
0 .0 6 1 5 7 *cos(0 .9 1 5 8 *c*t(i)) - 0 .1372*cos(1 .5 8 4 8 * c * t(i)) );
end
p l o t (t , x l ) ;
h o l d on;
p l o t (t , x 2 , ' ) ;
p lot(t,x3 , ': ') ;
x l a b e l (' t ') ;
y la b e l( 'x l(t) : solid lin e x 2 ( t ) : dashed l i n e x3(t): dotted l i n e ') ;
E g u c u b fon s ° ¡r motíon*-
Z m 3 fe x , ■k - it (O
X 2 _ V 'X ! 4- t e -* 2 = ° (O
Tm X j - f = F ( t ) - F s ín es i (3 )
6-129
{ / S Cng i Ue dcL-tco : m~ {? 1c - \Oe o 3 Fa = 5 > U?
= í°,
E g,s. c O - Cs^ be e^-pressed ¿u
i — — l 5 úo X j -f- 5 d o 'X2 + 5oo x j (O

X r ‘ (0 0 o X , — lo c o X ¿
co
x 3 = % 3 -f 5 Sin lo t
-X, - [ 0 0 0
co
le t ' y , ' *1 / 0^
*1 0
Y - h X-2. ( *Y ( °) = 0
r =• a~Y\d 1
' X2 0
*3 0
U J L¿3 , ô
Eg/S - ( ^ ) - ( 0 C6l'« be r^ u / r¿ í i e n cls
— I5 o o 2/j 4- 5 o o V 3 4- 500 g
L l =:
d i i locifl y , - (oo o ^ C7)
y*
IOOO y L - (o o o y 5 4- 5 Si n lo t
So lu fc io n of Eg .(*0 USm j nnATt-AB:

% Ex6_103.m
% T h i s p r o g r a m w i l l u s e t h e f u n c t i o n d fu n c 6 _ 1 0 3 . m ^ t h e y s h o u l d
% b e i n t h e same f o l d e r
tspan = [0: 0.01: 10];
xO = [ 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ] ;
[ t , x ] = o d e 2 3 ( ' d f u n c g 102'» t s p a n , xO) ;
s u b p l o t (311);
p l o t (t , x ( : , 1 ) ) ;
x l a b e l (' t ') ;
yla b el( 'x l( t ) ');
s u b p l o t (312);
p lo t (t ,x ( :,3 ));
x label( 't ');
y l a b e l ( ' x 2 (t ) ') ;
s u b p l o t (313);
p l o t ( t ,x ( :,5)) ;
x l a b e l ( ' t ') ;
y la b e l( 'x 3 (t) ' ) ;
% d f u n c 6_103.m
f u n c t i o n f = dfunc6_103(t,x)
FO = 5 ;
6-130
w = 10 ;
m = 1;
k = 1000;
f = zeros(6 ,1 );
f (1) = x ( 2 ) ;
f (2) = - 1 5 0 0 * x ( l ) + 5 0 0 * x ( 3 ) + 5 0 0 * x ( 5 ) ;
f (3) = x ( 4 ) ;
f (4) = 1 0 0 0 * x ( l ) - 1 0 0 0 * x ( 3 ) ;
f (5) = x ( 6 ) ;
f (6) = 1 0 0 0 * x (1) - 1 0 0 0 * x ( 5 ) + 5 * s i n (10 * t ) ;
Root S o Sy $ — x *^ — % "z. O (Y) A T L A B '•
© % Ex6_104.m
»
x =
x = roots([l z e r o s (1,11) -2])
-1.0595
-0.9175 + 0.5297Í
-0.9175 - 0.5297Í
-0.5297 + 0.9175Í
-0.5297 - 0.9175Í
0.0000 + 1.0595Í
0.0000 - 1.0595Í
0.5297 + 0.9175Í
0.5297 - 0.9175Í
1.0595
0.9175 + 0.5297Í
0.9175 - 0.5297Í
6-131
£g,u ccbCov* s o$- motion cení loe reWritfcen CIS
X , — - I »5 x , + O. 5 x, t é 3t2t tf'5 CCS Z-b
t Í z - o <1 $ x , - x 2 + 0 .7 5 x 3 + 3 x , - 5 + £*-3
X 3 ^ e * 5 ‘ x 1 - o ^ 5 > t g - f | .? 3 3 3 X z - 1-3333 X g
'V i O
o
Let Y = ctn d y (o ) - 0
< Vi r ^ \
* z
• ►
o
h X 2
o
*3
o
c
. *<\ c * 1 .
Egs-CO-(3) cclvi te expressed ccs
r %
— ( i 5" ^ 2. 4* d - 5 ^¿f fY Y 3 4* 0 - 5 c o S 2 t
¿Jf y*
dt 0 '2 5 ^ 2 - ^ + o-75 >g + 3 y ( _ 5 y 3 -f 2 ^
Ví
0.5 y v - 0-5 ^ + 1-3333 £ s - 1-3333 Jf 5
S o lu ti'o n o f E g, • (¿ < ) tiím ^ M AT L A S '■
% Ex6_105.m
J% T h i s p r o g r a m w i l l u s e t h e f u n c t i o n d f u n c ; 6 10 5 . m* t h e y s h o u l d
tsp a n = [0: 0 . 0 1 : 2 0 ] ;
xO = [ 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ] ;
[ t , x ] = o d e 2 3 ( ' d f u n c 6 _ 1 0 5 ' / t s p a n , xO) ;
s u b p l o t (311);
p lo t(t,x (:,1 ));
x la b el( ' t ');
y l a b e l ( ' x l ( t ) ') ;
s u b p l o t (312);
p lo t (t,x (:,3 ));
x la b el( ' t ');
y l a b e l ( » x 2 ( t ) ') ;
s u b p l o t (313);
p l o t ( t , x ( : , 5) ) ;
x la b el( ' t ');
y l a b e l ( ' x 3 (t ) ') ;
6-132
% df-uncf6_105.nl
fu n c t io n f = d fu n c 6 _1 0 5 (t,x )
f = ze ro s(6 ,l);
f (1) = x ( 2 ) ;
f (2) = - 1 . 5 * x (2) + 0 . 5 * x ( 4 ) - 1 4 * x ( l ) + 6 * x ( 3 ) + 0 . 5 * c o s ( 2 * t ) ;
f (3) = x ( 4 ) ;
f (4) = 0 . 2 5 * x (2) - x (4) + 0 . 7 5 * x ( 6 ) + 3 * x ( l ) - 5 * x ( 3 ) + 2 * x ( 5 ) ;
f (5) = x (6) ;
f (6) = 0 . 5 * x (4) - 0 . 5 * x (6) + 1 . 3 3 3 3 * x ( 3 ) - 1 . 3 3 3 3 * x ( 5 ) ;
^+j>
\___
M
o
o
o
6 0 *• -1 o - *2 0 0 - !00 o "
” 1 ’ 2 »
—*
0 1 o X + X + X s «<
- 1 Z - i - 10 0 20 0 - 10 0
_0 0 l _ 0 __ 0 - lo a 2 0ü_ o° J
i-e->
0 )
X t = - z - 200 "X- \ + loo *2. 10
X 2. - x | - 2 ^ 2 . ' f" ^ 5 ' f ' l O<: 3X, '- 2 0 0 X 2 . ‘+ , O 0 X 3 c o
x , - Xo c o
an 4 u sínj Y ( o ) = o"
6-133
Eg,S' CO - OO ecun ke r e w r ít t e n a-?
-2 ^ - 200 + loo y 3 + 10 C.OS t
il =
át ^ - 2^ -+ iooy, - 200 ? } + lo» y.
y?
- 2-^S + , 0 6 ^2 - Zao
Soluti'on o-f E^.Of) uslng MATLAB ■

.
% d fu n c 6_106.m
fu n c t io n f = d fu n c 6 _1 0 6 (t,x )
f = zero s(6,1);
f (1) = x ( 2 ) ;
f (2) = - 2 * x ( 2 ) + x ( 4 ) - 2 0 0 * x ( l ) + 1 0 0 * x ( 3 ) + . 1 0 * c o s ( t ) ;
£ ( 3 ) = x (4) ;
f (4) = x ( 2 ) - 2 * x (4) + 1 0 0 * x ( l ) - 2 0 0 * x (3) + 1 0 0 * x ( 5 ) ;
f (5) = x (6) ;
f (6) = x ( 4 ) - 2 * x ( 6 ) + 1 0 0 * x ( 3 ) - 2 0 0 * x ( 5 ) ;
6-134
% Ex6_106.m
% T h i s p r o g r a m w i l l u s e t h e f u n c t i o n dr u nc 6 _ 1 0 6 . m ¿ t h e y s h o u l d
t s p a n = [0: 0 .0 1 : 4 0 ] ;
xO = [ 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ; 0 . 0 ] ;
[ t , x ] = o d e 2 3 ( ' d f u n c 6 _ 1 0 6 ' 1/ tspan, xO) ;
s u b p l o t (311);
p l o t (t , x ( : , 1 ) ) ;
x l a b e l ( ' t ') ;
y l a b e l ( ' x l ( t ) •') ;
s u b p l o t (312);
p l o t ( t , x ( :,3)) ;
x la b e l( 't ');
y l a b e l ( 'x2 ( t ) ' ) ;
s u b p l o t (313);
p l o t ( t , x ( :,5)) ;
x la b el( 't ');
y l a b e l ( 'x 3 (t ) ') ;
R e s u lts o f Ex6_107
» pr,ogram7
p olyn om ia l expansión o f a determ inantal equ ation
d a ta : deteirainant A:
5 . 000000e+000 3 . OOOOOOe+OOO 2 . 000000e+000
3 . 000000e+000 6 .OOOOOOe+OOO 4 . OOOOOOe+OOO
1 . OOOOOOe+OOO 2 . OOOOOOe+OOO 6 . OOOOOOe+OOO
r e s u l t : polyn om ial c o e f f i c i e n t s in
p c f ( n p ) * ( x ^ n ) + p c f ( n ) * ( x ^ ( n - 1 ) ) + . . . + p c f ( 2 ) + p c f (1)=0
- 9 . 800000e+001 7 . 700000e+001 - 1 . 700000e+001 1 . OOOOOOe+OOO
% Program8.m
% Main pr o g ra m w h i c h c a l i s t h e f u n c t i o n MODAL
% Run " P r o gr am8 " i n MATLAB command wi ndo w, Progarmé.m a n d m o d a l . m

% s h o u l d b e i n t h e same f o l d e r , a n d s e t t h e p a t h t o t h i s f o l d e r
% f o l l o w i n g l i n e c o n t a i n p ro b le m -d e p e n d en t data
n =3 ;
nvec=3;
nstep=300;
d e l t = 0 . 01;
xm=[41.4 0.0 0 .0 ; 0.0 38.8 0 .0 ; 0.0 0.0 2 5 .8 8 ];
omf =[5 10 20];
om=[2 5.07 6 53.578 1 1 0 . 9 0 7 ] ;
z.- [ 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 ] ;
x 0 = [0 .0 0.0 0 .0 ] ;
x d 0 = [0 .0 0.0 0 . 0 ] ;
e v = [1 .0 1.0 1 .0 ;1 .3 0 3 0.860 - 1 . 0 ;1 . 9 4 7 -1.685 0.183];
6-135
for i=l:n step
tim e=i*delt;
f (1 ,i)=5000*cos(5*tim e);
f ( 2 , i ) = 10 0 0 0 * c o s ( 1 0 * t i m e ) ;
f ( 3 , i)= 2 0 0 0 0 * c o s (20*t i m e ) ;
end
f o r i=l:n vec
for j= l:n
e v t ( i , j ) =ev ( i , j ) ;
end
end
[ x , t ] =modal (xm, om, oxnf, z , x 0 ; x d 0 , f , d e l t , e v , e v t , n s t e p , n , n v e c ) ;
f p r i n t f ( 7\n R e s p o n s e o f s y s t e m u s i n g m o d a l a n a l y s i s \ n \ n 7) ;
for i= l:n
f p r i n t f ( ' \n C o o r d i n a t e % 2 . 0 f \ n ' , i ) ;
f p r i n t f (' %8.5e %8.5e %8.5e %8.5e %8. 5 e \ n 7 , x ( i , 1 r n s t e p ) ) ;
end
f o r i = 1: n
p l o t ( t , x ( i , 1 rnstep));
h o l d on;
end
x la b e l('t ');
y l a b e l ( 7x 7 ) ;
g t e x t (7C o o r d i n a t e 3 7) ;
g t e x t ( 7C o o r d i n a t e 2 7 ) ;
g t e x t ( ' Coordinate l 7 );
% = ==== ====== === = ====== == ========== ========= = ==========^^:===== = ====
%
% f u n c t i o n modal.m
%
%==================================================-================
f u n c t i o n [x,t]=modal(xm, om,omf, z , x 0 , x d 0 , f , d e l t , e v , e v t , n s t e p , n , n v e c ) ;
t(l)= d elt;
fo r i=2rnstep
t(i)= t(i-1)+ delt;
end
% n o r m a l i z a t i o n o f m o d a l m a t r i x w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e ma s s m a t r i x
% xmx=matmul(xm,ev,n,n,nvec);
% xtmx=matmul ( e v t , x mx , n v e c , n , n v e c ) ;
xmx=xm* e v ;
x t m x = e v t * x mx ;
f o r i=lrnvec
f o r j=lrn
e v ( j , i ) = e v (j , i ) / s q r t ( x t m x ( i , i).) ;
end
end
% c o n v e r s i ó n o f i n f o r m a t i o n t o normal c o o r d i n a t e s
fo r i=lrnvec
yO ( i ) = 0 . 0 ;
yd0(i)= 0.0;
end .
f o r i=lrnvec
fo r j=lrn
y o ( i ) =y0 ( i ) -j-ev ( j , i ) * x 0 ( j ) ;
ydO ( i ) = y d 0 ( i ) + e v ( j , i ) * x d 0 ( j ) ;
end
end
6-136
for ±=l:nvec
f o r j =1:n
e v t ( i , •j ) = e v (j , i ) ;
end
end
% q=mat mul(e v t , f , n v e c , n , n s t e p ) ;
q=evt*f;
fo r i=l:n vec
r=om f(i)/om (i);
pp=yO (i);
qq=ydO(i ) ;
zi= z(i);
omeg=om(i); ^
o md = o m e g * s q r t ( l - z i /' 2 ) ;
•f o r j = l : n s t e p
if j~=l
p p = u ( i / j —1 ) ;
q q = v (i, j -1) ;
end
cl=exp(-zi*om eg*delt);
c2=cos(om d*delt);
c3=sin(om d*delt);
c4=(qq+omeg*zi*pp)/omd;
c 5=omeg* z i / omd;
c 6 = q ( i , j ) / (omeg^2);
u (i,j)= cl* (p p * c2 + c3 * c4 ) + c6 * (1 -cl* (c2 + c3 * c5 ));
v ( i , j ) = o m d * c l * ( - p p * c 3 + c 2 * c 4 - c 5 * ( p p * c 2 + c 3 * c 4 ) ) + c 6 * o m d * c l * c 3 * ( l + c 5 A2) ;
end
end
% fin d in g the s o lu tio n in the o r ig i n a l coordinates
% x=matm ul(e v , u , n , n v e c , n s t e p ) ;
x=ev*u;
%===================================================================
%
% f u n c t i o n mat mul . m
%
%===================================================================
f u n c t i o n [ a ] =matmul ( b , c , 1 , m, n)
% M a t r i x m u l t i p i c a t i o n s u b r o u t i n e : A=B*C
% b ( l , m ) and c (m ,n ) a r e i n p u t m a t r i c e s , A ( l , n ) is output matrix
f o r i = l :1
fo r j= l:n
a(i,j)= 0 ;
f o r k=l:m
a (i,j)= a (í,j)+ b (i,k )* c(k ,j);
end
end
end
6-137
t
Results of Ex6_108
» program 8
Response of system using modal analysis
Coordinate 1
1 . 16587e-002 4.77899e-002 1.10778e-001 2 .0 16 70 e-00 1 3.17703e-001
4 . 51127e-001 5.89314e-001 7.15610e-001 8.10748e-001 8.55251e-001
8 . 33049e-001 7.35446e-001 5.63789e-001 3.29513e-001 5.16989e-002
- 2 . 4 6 5 0 2 e - 0 0 1 - 5 . 4 1 1 9 2 e - 0 0 1 - 8 . 1 0 2 8 9 e -0 0 1 - 1 . 03560e+000 - 1 . 20447e+000
Coordinate 2
1 9¿937e-002 7.72115e-002 1.71039e-001 2 .9 7350e-001 4.49827e-001
6 ! 1 7 6 9 0 e - Ó 0 1 7 . 8 4 5 6 0 e - 0 0 1 9 . 2 9 3 0 2 e - 0 0 1 1 . 0 2 9 0 5 e + 0 0 0 1 . 06321e-r000
1 . 01695e+000 8 . 8 3 3 3 0 e - 0 0 1 6 . 6 4 3 0 2 e - 0 0 1 3 . 7 1 0 8 3 e - 0 0 1 2 . 3 5 5 2 7 e - 0 0 2
- 3 . 5 1 9 1 0 e - 0 0 1 - 7 . 2 6 2 2 6 e - 0 0 1 - 1 . 07196e+000 - 1 . 3665 1e +0 00 - 1 . 59315e+000
i
Coordinate 3
5 . 07839e-002 1 .9 4 3 2 4 e -0 0 1 4 .0 6 8 6 5 e -0 0 1 6 .5 5 0 6 2 e -0 0 1 9 .0 1 9 6 6 e -0 0 1
1 . 11328e+000 1 . 2 6 2 3 7 e + 0 0 0 1 . 3 3 2 9 2 e + 0 0 0 1 . 3 1 8 8 3 e + 0 0 0 1 . 2 2 1 9 2 e + 0 0 0
1 . 04849e+0.00 8 . 0 6 1 8 6 e - 0 0 1 5 . 0 1 8 5 ' 6 e - 0 0 1 1 . 4 1 1 9 3 e - 0 0 1 - 2 . 6 9 8 3 7 e - 0 0 1
- 7 . 2 2 1 6 0 e -0 0 1 - 1 . 2003 1e+ 00 0 - 1 . 68000e+000 - 2 . 12777e+000 - 2 . 50340e+000
6-138
G íve r» eg u ajH 'cír» s cglv» te ü u r í t t e rt a-^
5 X , + o .5 X , _ 0 *6 f 2 0 ^ 1 - 2^2 - S in z t CO
Z 9C 2, - o ><s> X , + O > 8 ^ 2 — 2 f 2 2 - 0 CO
m*fro¿íucCnj
CO
_ dt X r
y 2 -- * .I - (O
co
w * _ i * 2.
^ = x * ‘ O V c o
E^T- f|-> Q a ^ ( 2 ) Ca/v% be GíCjyre SS&cA OA. 4" í t f s t

orcier O í f e r e n t i ’e-C eg,uOZ<rrv5
y, = v* (7 )
y = - 0 .1 ya + 0 -1 2 - 4 y , ■+ O - 4 y 3 + 0.2 Si n 2 t
cn
y3 = ^ CO
=. o. 3 y2 - o. /, 7 / , + y, - y 3 c o
•C7 ^ — 0 O Ca.r\ te r e u/r«'^teva m m a ^ tr í x ^ ¿>r m
a¿
? = í ( o O 00
W« ¿f>
y¡
y - v2 (i 2 )
Vi
6-139
CLY\ r* _
í, **
+ y4-t- o•
1 r -f*o*2 S*m2.t
< r
-V o* y2- o - y*
w
0.0
Xvnílfa-l c o n e lit i'o n s c<^v» \?e
V,C<0 r *-( (o') ' 0* 1
y c o =
a•»2 (O K ,f O o 04)
► 1
>3 0 0 x 2(0 o
^ CO X Co)
Z s
A W at l a B proyrcLvn is wr,’ fren jo So lve E g s- C'O

U S ív»j tfve OnAT L A B f u vi c f / o r> % J e 2 3 ^ •
tspan=0:0 .1 :5
x 0 = [0.1 0 0 1.0]
[ t x ] = o d e 2 3 ( ' d f u c " , tspan,xO )
p lot(t,x)
x la b el(' t ' )
y l a b e l (' x ' )
g t e x t ('x l ')
g t e x t (’x 2 1)
g t e x t (1x 3 ')
g t e x t (Tx 4 ')
function f= d fu c(t,x)
f= z e ro s (4,1);
f(l)= x(2 );
f(2 )= -0 .1 *x(2 )+ 0 .1 2 *x(4 )-4 *x (l)+ 0 .4 *x (3 )+ 0 .2 *sin (2 *t);
f(3 )= x(4 );
f(4 )= 0 .3 *x (2 )-0 .4 *x(4 )+ x (l)-x (3 );
6-140
X
6-141
E D U » tspan=0:0.1:5;
EDU» x0=[0.1 OO 1.0];
EDU» [t x]=ode23(,dfuc',tspan,xO);
EDU» [t x]
ans =
0 0.1000 0 0 1.0000
0.1000 0.0987 -0.0239 0.0983 0.9653
0.2000 0.0955 -0.0394 0.1928 0.9217
0.3000 0.0911 -0.0464 0.2824 0.8700
0.4000 0.0865 -0.0455 0.3665 0.8114
0.5000 0.0823 -0.0375 0.4445 0.7467
0.6000 0.0792 -0.0239 0.5157 0.6773
0.7000 0.0776 -0.0062 0.5798 0.6042
0.8000 0.0780 0.0138 0.6364 0.5285
0.9000 0.0804 0.0341 0.6854 0.4514
1.0000 0.0848 0.0528 0.7267 0.3738
1.1000 0.0909 0.0681 0.7602 0.2966
1.2000 0.0982 0.0785 0.7860 0.2205
1.3000 0.1064 0.0828 0.8044 0.1463
1.4000 0.1146 0.0800 0.8154 0.0743
6-142
1.5000 0.1221 0.0698 0.8193 0.0051
1.6000 0.1283 0.0522 0.8165 -0.0612
1.7000 0.1323 0.0278 0.8072 -0.1245
1.8000 0.1336 -0.0025 0.7917 -0.1845
1.9000 0.1317 -0.0373 0.7704 -0.2414
2.0000 0.1261 -0.0751 0.7435 -0.2952
2.1000 0.1166 -0.1139 0.7114 -0.3458
2.2000 0.1033 -0.1517 0.6744 -0.3933
2.3000 0.0864 -0.1864 0.6329 -0.4377
2.4000 0.0662 -0.2160 0.5870 -0.4788
2.5000 0.0434 -0.2388 0.5372 -0.5164
2.6000 0.0187 -0.2532 0.4838 -0.5505
2.7000 -0.0070 -0.2582 0.4273 -0.5805
2.8000 -0.0326 -0.2530 0.3679 -0.6062
2.9000 -0.0572 -0.2374 0.3062 -0.6271
3.0000 -0.0797 -0.2118 0.2426 -0.6428
3.1000 -0.0992 -0.1769 0.1778 -0.6527
3.2000 -0.1148 -0.1340 0.1123 -0.6565
3.3000 -0.1258 -0.0850 0.0467 -0.6535
3.4000 -0.1317 -0.0319 -0.0182 -0.6437
3.5000 -0.1321 0.0230 -0.0818 -0.6266
3.6000 -0.1271 0.0772 -0.1433 -0.6022
3.7000 -0.1168 0.1281 - 0.2020 -0.5706
3.8000 -0.1016 0.1733 -0.2572 -0.5319
3.9000 -0.0824 0.2106 -0.3081 -0.4867
6-143
4.0000 -0.0598 0.2380 -0.3543 -0.4354
4.1000 -0.0351 0.2540 -0.3950 -0.3789
4.2000 -0.0094 0.2576 -0.4299 -0.3182
4.3000 0.0160 0.2484 -0.4586 -0.2543
4.4000 0.0398 0.2266 -0.4807 -0.1885
4.5000 0.0609 0.1928 -0.4962 - 0.1220
4.6000 0.0780 0.1484 -0.5051 -0.0562
4.7000 0.0902 0.0952 -0.5075 0.0076
4.8000 0.0968 0.0356 -0.5037 0.0681
4.9000 0.0972 -0.0277 -0.4940 0.1240
5.0000 0.0912 -0.0918 -0.4791 0.1744

c
C SOLUTION DF PROBLEK 6.110
C
C N = NUMBER OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM QF THF. SYSTEM

C NM = N-1
C XK( N. N) = STIFFNESS MATRIX ___________________________
C XM( N, N) * MASS MATRIX
C OM(N) s VECTOR OF NATURAL FREQUENCIES
C XCN. N) = MATRIX OF EIGENVECTORS. J TH EIGENVECTOR IS STORED IN THE
C J TH COLUMN OF THE MATRIX X
C DI MENSI ON OF OTHER MATRICES: A( NM, NM) , B( NM) , LACNM) , LB( NM, 2 ) , S ( NM)
C_______________________ _______
DIMENSION X K ( 3 , 3 ) , X M C 3 , 3 ) , D M C 3 ) , X ( 3 , 3 ) , A C 2 , 2 ) , B ( 2 ) , L A ( 2 ) , L B Í 2 , 2 ) ,
2 S( 2 )
DATA X K / 2 . , - 1 . , O 2 , , - 1 . , 0 . , - l . , 2 . / _____________________________________
DATA X M / 2 « í O , j O « » 0 » # 3 « ( . 0 o f Q o p 0 « p 2 a /
DATA O M / . 4 8 2 0 8 7 , 1 . , 1 . 1 9 7 6 0 5 /
M= 3________________________________________________________________
NM=N»1
I ND^l
DO 10 1 = 1 , H________________________________________________________________
DO 20 J=1, NM
DO 20 K=1,NM
A(J,K)=XK(J,K+l)-(QM(I)»»2)*XH(J.K+l)
20 B ( J ) = - X K ( J , 1 ) * ( Q M ( I ) * * 2 ) * X M ( J , 1)
CALL SIMUL C A , B , N M , I N D , L A , L B , S )
x t i . n d . o ___________________________
DO 30 J s 1 , NM
30 XCJ+l , I ) = B ( J )
_______ MRITE ( 4 4 , 1 1 0 ) O M ( I ) , ( X ( J » I ) , J = l , N )
110 FORMAT C / / . 2 X , 1 9 H NATURAL FREQUENCY=, E1 5 . 8 , / , 2 X , 1 3H EIGENVECTOR*,
2 /,(2 X ,4 E lt.8))
10 CONTINUE_____________________________________________________________________
STOP
END
NATURAL FREQUENCY= O» 4 8 2 0 8 6 9 9 E + 00
EIGENVECTORs
O.IOOOOOOOE+Ol 0 . 1 5 3 5 1 844E+01 O . 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 9E + Q1
NATURAL FREQUENCY= 0 . 1 OOOOOOOE+O1

EIGEN >/ECTOR= _______________________
O a10G00GQ0E+Q1 OaOOOOOOOOEtOO-Oa1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E+91
NATURAL FREQUENCYs 0 . 1 1 9 7 6 0 5 0 E + 0 1
EIGENVECTORs
0.100000Q0E+01-0.86851549E»Q0 0.99999440E+00
6-145
n n n o n n
PFOBLEM 6.111
ti = NUMBER OF DEGREES CFFREEDONI OF THE SYSTEM

XM( N, N) = MASS MATRIX
X ( N , N) = MATRIX CONTAINING THEORIGINAL I TH NORMAL MODE IN I TH
nnnnn
CCJLUMN
XNCN, N) = MATRIX CONTAINING THE [MI-ORTHONORMAL I TH w0RMAL MUDE
IN I TH COLUMN
DIMENSIGNS OF OTHER VECTORS: ACN) , BCN)
DIMENSION X M C 3 , J ) , X C 3 , 3 ) , X N ( 3 , 3 ) , A C 3 ) , B ( 3 )
N= 3
DATA XM / l . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 2 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 1 . 0 /
DATA X / l . 0 , - 1 . 0 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 1 . 0 , 2 . 0 /
DO 10 1 = 1 , N
Dú 20 J=1, N
20 ACJ)=XCJ,I)
CALL MULT (XM, A, B, N)
SUM=0•0
DU 30 K=1,N
30 SUM=3UM+X(K, í) (K )
SUM=SQRT(1.0/SUM)
nn 40 K= l , N
40 XN ( K , 1) = X ( K, 1) * SUM
PRINT 5 0 , I , ( X N C J , I ) , J = 1 , N )
50 FOPMAT ( / , 2 X , 13H E1GENVECTGR:, 1 5 , / , 2 X , C 4 E 1 5 . 8 ) )
10 CONTINUE
STOP
ENO
C ===================================================================
c
c SUBRUUTINE MULT
C
C ===================================================================
SUBROUTINE MULT (XM, A, B, M)
DIMENSION XM( N, N) , A( N) , B ( N)
DÜ 10 1 = 1 , N
B(I)=0.0
DU 20 J = l , N
20 H(I)=B(I)+XMII,J)*A(J)
10 CONTINUE
RETURN
ENU
LIGENVECTURS 1
0 . 5 0 0 0 0 0 00E+OO- 0. 50QU0000E+00 0 . 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 0
ElGENVECTURí 2
0. 5000000QEf OO 0 . 50000000E + 00 0 . 5 00 00000E+00
EIGENVECTURí 3
O.OOOOOOOOE+OO 0 . 4 0 8 2 4 8 3 1E+00 0 . 8 1 6 4 9 6 6 1 E+00 ___________
6-146
6 1 12 ) r ê Tnaín f)ro9rcun ^ resu^ s are s^0Wh keícu/,
o o o o o oí
MAIN PBOGRAM FOR CALLING THE SUBPOUTINE MODAL
DIMENSION X M ( 3 , 3 ) ,OM( 3) , Z ( 3 ) , X 0 ( 3 ) , X D 0 ( 3 ) , XO C3.3 , YD0( 3) , EV(3 , 3) ,

2 E V T C 3 , 3 ) , X M X ( 3 , 3 ) , X I M X C 3 , 3 ) , T ( 4 9 ) , F ( 3 , 4 0 ) , X ( 3 , 4 0 ) ,UC3 , 4 0 ) ,
3 V (3,40),Q (3,40)
DATA MVEC, NSTEP, DEL 1/ 3 , 3 , 4 0 , 0 . 1 /
DATA XM/2 • 0 , 0 . Ü , ú . 0 , 0 . 0 , 2 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . O , 2 . 0 /
OMF=5.0
DATA OM/1 . 5 3 0 7 3 4 , 2 . 8 2 8 4 2 8 , 3 . 6 9 5 5 1 0 /
DATA Z / D . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA X ^ / O . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA X D O / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA ( E V ( 1 , 1 ) , 1 = 1 , 3 ) / l . 0 , 1 . 4 1 4 2 1 4 , 1 . 0 /
DATA C E V ( I , 2 ) , l s t , 3 ) / l . ü , Q . O , - l . 0 /
DATA ( E V C I , 3 ) , 1 = 1 , 3 ) / 1 . 0 , - l . 4 1 4 2 1 4 , 1 . 0 /
DO 5 1 =1, NSTFD
I1ME =RE AL( I)♦DE L T
5 FC1,I)= 10.0*SIM (5.0*TIM E)
DO 10 1 = 1 ,N5TEP
F ( 2,1)= 0.0
10 F(3,E)= 0.0
DO 20 1 = 1 , NVEC
DÜ 20 J a l , . ‘4
20 EV 'T (I,J)= E V (J,I)
CALL MODAL (XM ,0*1, QMF , T , Z , XO, XDO , YÓ, YDO , Q, F , DELT , EV , EVT , XMX ,
2 XTMX, X , U , V , NSTEP, N, NVEC)
WRITE ( 2 9 , 3 0 )
30 FURMAT ( / / , 4 0 H PESPONSE OF SYSTEM USING MODAL A N A L Y S I S , / )
DO 40 1= 1 , íl
40 WRITE ( 2 9 , 5 0 ) I , ( X ( i , J ) , J = l , N S T E P )
50 FOP.MAT C/ , 11H COQPOINATE, 15 , / , ( I X , 5 E l 4 . 6 ) )
STOP
END
RESPONSE OF SYSTEM USING MODAL ANALYSIS
COORDINATE 1
0 . 1 l9060 E-Q 1 0.556720E-01 0 . 1 4 0 7 lbE+Ofr' 0 . 26 2 0 9 0 E + 0 0 0 . 400585E +00
Q .526842E+00 0 . 6 0 8 5 1 ÍE+OO 0 . 6 1 8 6 8 9E+00 0. 543493E+OO 0 . 386804E +00
0 . 170858E+00 - 0 . 6 7 6 2 1 0 E - 0 1 “ 0 . 2 8 4 9 7 I E +OO - 0 , 4 40109E +00 - 0 . 5 0 3 7 9 1 E + 0 0
- 0 , 4b5406E+00 ■0 . 3 356 46E +00 - 0 . 144346E+00 0.660445E-01 0. 2 49 8 93 E +0 0
0 . 3 6 8 5 1 8E +ÜÜ Ó. 398672E +00 0.337414E+00 0 . 2 0 2 2 3 1 E +00 0 . 2 6 4 5 4 1 E - 0 1
- 0 . 148937E+00 - 0 . 2351 17E+00 “ 0 . 354495E+00 - 0 . 346914E+00 - 0 . 2 7 1541E+00
• 0 . 154034E+0Q • 0 . 2 9 7 6 3 5 E - 0 1 0 . 6 5 2 3 9 1E-01 0 , 103368 F. +00. O. 7 2 3 5 1 4 E - 0 1
• 0 . 2 1 6 8 1 Í E - O l ■0 . 15569BE +00 - 0 . 2 9 5 3 6 3 E ^ 0 0 - 0 . 4 0 3 5 2 7 E + 0 0 - 0 . 4 4 9 1 97E+00
COORDINATE 2
0 . 3 97 43 3E - 0 4 0.655754E-03 O. 3 56 97 2 E- 0 2 0.119145E-01 0 . 297943E-01
0.612223E-01 0 . 1086P6E +00 0.171738E+00 0 .2 46 0 4 7E +0 0 “0-¿-3.2 3279E +0 0
0 . 391991E+00 0 . 4 3 9 4 5 9 E+00 0 . 45413 4E +00 0 . 4 2 8 2 1 3 E+00 0 . 3597 32E-+-00
O. 253658E+00 Q.121640E+00 “ 0-. 196366E-01 - 0 . 1 51233E +00 - 0 . 2 5 5 357E +00
• 0 . 3 1 3689E+00 ■0 . 334940E +00 - 0 . 306091E+00 - 0 . 2 4 2 0 2 1 E+00 - 0 . 15B585E+00
" 0 . 7 45270E-0l '0.794475E-02 0 . 2 7 6 338E-01 0. 2 47827E-01 -0.156785E-01
“ 0 . 8 5 6 19 0 E - 0 l •0. 171361E +00 • O , 2 5 6 5 3 1 E+00 - 0 . 325272E+00 - 0 . 3 6 5 1 37E+00
- O. 36 9 09 7 E+ 00 -0. 336327E +00 “ 0 . 2 7 1 7 1 1 E +00 - 0 . 1 84302E+00 -0.851769E-01
COORDINATE 3
0.526197E-07 0.338722E-05 O. 39 8 97 9E- 04 0.232946E-03 0.912614E-03
0 . 2 7 4 8 9 1 E - 02 0.635317E-02 0 . 147839E-01 0.284018E-01 0.495493E-01
O, 7 95763E- 01 0 . 118784E +00 0 . 1 6 5 9 0 1 E+00 0 . 2 1 7 7 49E+00 O. 2 6 9 1 6 Í E +OO
6-147
O ,3 1 3352E +00 0.342632E+0Ó 0.349486E+00 0.327819E+00 0.274185E+00
o ! i 88 7 5 1 E + 0 0 0 .7 5 8 1 34E-01 - 0 . 5 b 3065E -01 - 0 . 195996E+00 - 0 . 3 2 9 6 6 1 E+00
•n. 4 4 3 4 2 9 E + 0 0 - 0 . 5 2 4 9 7 7 E + 00 - O . 5 6 5 2 2 4 E +00 - 0 . 559583E+00 - 0 . 5 0 8 b 16E+00
•ü. 4 1 7 9 5 1 E + 0 0 -0.297528E+00 - O . 1 6 0 267E+00 - 0 . 204086E-01 0.108245E+00
0 . 3 26Q05E+00 0 . 327 354Et' JO 0.295404E+00
The rr»a,rr> p r o j r c u m u s e é ^ e n e fcu te ■the nam ertco-í- T esu its aj-id

(6.113) o s e . ’j i v e r i .
C
C MAIN PROGRAM FOR CALLING THE SUBROUT1NE MODAL
C
C
DIMENSION X M C 3 , 3 ) , G M ( 3 ) , Z ( 3 ) , X 0 ( 3 ) , X D 0 ( 3 ) , Y 0 ( 3 ) , Í D 0 C 3 ) , E V ( 3 , 3 ) ,
2 £ V T ( 3 , 3 1 , X M X ( 3 , 3 ) , X T M X ( 3 , 3 ) , T ( 4 0 ) , F ( 3 , 4 0) , X ( 3 , 40 1 , U( 3 , 4 0 ) ,
3 VC3,40),Q(3,40)
DATA N, NVEC, NSTEP, DELT/ 3 , 3 , 4 0 , 0 . 1 /
DATA XM/ 2 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 2 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 2 . 0 /
DATA O M / 1 . 5 3 0 7 3 4 , 2 . 8 2 8 4 2 8 , 3 . 6 9 5 5 1 8 /
DATA Z / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 . /
Tlots o £ ftrsk o£
DATA X 0 / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA X D O/ O . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 / r e s f> e c t h> ^
DATA ( E V C I , 1 ) , 1 = 1 , 3 ) / l . 0 , 1 . 4 1 4 2 1 4 , 1 . 0 /
DATA ( E V ( 1 , 2 ) , 1 = 1 , 3 1 / 1 . 0 , 0 . 0 , - 1 . 0 /
DATA ( E V C I , 3 1 , 1 = 1 , 3 1 / 1 . 0 , ” 1 . 4 1 4 2 1 4 , 1 . 0 /
OMFsO.O
DO 55 I J K = l , 1 0
OMF=GMF + 1 . 0
DO 5 1 = 1 , NSTEP
TIM£=PEAL( I ) *DELT °-4
5 F C 1 , 1 1 = 1 0 . 0*SINCOME♦TIME)
DO 10 1 = 1 , NSTEP °'¿
F C 2 , 1 1 = 0 .0
10 F ( 3 , 11=0.0 ° 3 9 U3
DU 20 1 = 1 , NVEC
DO 20 J = 1 , N
20 EVT(I,J)=EV(J,I)
CALL MODAL (XM, QM, ÜMF, T , Z , XO, XDO, YO , YDO, Q , F , DELT, EV, EVT, XMX,
2 XTMX, X , U, V, NS TEP, N, NVEC)
WRITE ( 2 9 , 3 0 )
30 FORMAT ( / / , 4 0 H RESPONSE OF SYSTEM USING MODAL ANALYSI S, / 1
DO 40 1 = 1 , N
40 NRITE ( 2 9 , 5 0 ) I , ( X ( I , J ) , J = 1 , NSTEP1
50 FORMAT ( / , 1 1H COORDINATE, 1 5 , / , ( 1 X , 5 E 1 4 . b ) )
55 CONTINUE
STOP
END
(cu) E^LLCution o f m o t i o n :
c ,+ c z -*2.
- fe.
- c2 c „ +c 3 - C 2. - +
O - c3 *3 ~*3 *3
6-148
-orCi'nc? fu Y \ c t i m
or) Cclyi b e w rL -bten CLS
' L91
F3 ( t ) = “Re ( F0 e ) - F3o eos ¿**t = 1000 co^ so -t CE i )
s i e a A y — sécu b e s o lu -tío n can l=e OL.sru.med cus
w t (’^b , .
'X jí't) = X j e , ¿= . 1, 2 , 3 fe)
E ^ u a /b fa n s of m o t io n ¿ e c o m e
— G S V (Cj + C ^ ^ í ^ +- *,■+■ * 2. - c^ ¿ ú9 - 1 c z
- ¿2. <09 - -fe. — ¿<9% Ccz,+ c i ) ¿ c * + K z + ^3
O — C3 <?69 — fe3
X( " 0
— C3 c e9 ^3 X 2.
?• << 0 r fe)
“ ^Z, 092- + C3 ¿09 -f- -fc3
LL
><3
0
\
1
Fbr «M W n d a - t» , E g - ( e 3') Recomes
Ce4)
Cz * ] x = F°
w here
~Z.\[ ~ — 5 0 091’ + ¿ 2-0 09 -f- 5 5 0 0 = -(74 5"00 -h ¿ i Z O O
Z (z =
2-ij = —c ¡0 0 3 — 5 o o = - ?o o —¿ 600
Z Í3 - ^31 - O Ce 0
Z zz - _ j c 0 9 2- + ¿ Z o 09- 1- 2 .5 o O - - 3 3 500 + ¿ (ZOO
Z 23 = Z 3¿ — —¿ IO 03 — Z o o o — — 2 00 0 — ¿ 60 O
Z 33 = _ 2 ü 9 2'4- ¿ IO 09 4- Z O O o = — 5 2 .0 0 -j- ¿ 60 0
So |at( on ofT (E ^ ') cc^r» b e e^pressed a^s
X = fe )
c ^ > - r ‘ Fo
U sí ng C r c e r n e r 5^ ru L e , u/e g e t
0 z r2 Z |3 -4
x 1 = ■y 1
O Z 2 2. ~*Z3
^ L z v 3
F 30 Z 32 *3 3
ZM O Z |3
x2 =
1 — ^ 0 ' ( o £’ 7 x í o *f ¿ o •5”3 7 3 * f<? ^
*Z\ O *2.3
d M r [ Z Cj- ]
Z 3I f e Z 33
6-149
Z„ Z ,z 0
i
X* = Z*< Z z2 O ’ ---------------- — o* i 9 2-7 — -i o
Z»i Z 3z ^30
oc ( "b^ zz j (c_crS G O "t -f- ¿ ^rCy\ (óo t ^
-4
= ^ — O ' 12.30 X (0 H CcrS 6 o b + O ■ 5 Z 2 4 - X 10 ** S m 60-b^j
¿j. __ ¿ í
o>5Z%4 x i o eos &ob - f - O ' 1230 x lo S in éot )
f\c fu .o l responde of m^ = Q c ,f f r ) ^ ]
_ ¿f _ A, X
~ ^ — O ' I Z 3 o X 10 CcrS £ o~t -f- O ' ? 2 -S 4 x /o S(‘n So ty m .
£ ím ila .rly J U/e f-inc* :

PiC-bucuL respond e of- — R eai £ * 2X ^ 3
= ( o - O 1087 CjtS Qoiz — 0 - 0 0 5 3 1 3 s in 6 o O in •
/V ctu a ^ !. responde of rr ^ — R& aÁ Q 'Xg 6 * 0 3
= o - |?2? c o * Go~t -f 0 ' © 2 5 5’ 5 G o b ') in ■
(d ) Cha-nge ir h e A b i f f ness fro m ( 00 fjb / ¡n in tV e r e m e n t í
of 100 -££/>> d.nc| fir d ihe res p o n d e of bbe ío o l f\ea~¿L

f x 3>) US’ i'rLg -frAe ^rocecJure ouéU ei ir? p a .r ir (Cu)-
F ín A ffce. v a lu é of be2 f o r U lh íc b b:he m á x im u m resp o n so .
of X3 ÍS ^5^ íowver f/ia n tíie- VaX ue f o u n Á m
pourb (o)) .
) C h CLncje. f h e VqJ-Uj£ s o f C() c3 , -Rj a, nJ *,

¡r \ JtiV ic L u a ,H ij a.r\ ^ f in<J tvbebAer a-'n ^ o f £/>es'e
ûcx-nbities cclyi be useJ bo a ^c h íe v e ir te joaJ. °f
p c L fb (¿>).
6-150
Chapter 7
Determination of Natural
Frequencies and Mode Shapes
mi
■1 1l___ - l f
From E x a*mjale G-G, i
x2 *3
_ 3
« - l ->
Z5G El ^ 4 4 4 4 ^
0->22. - -A- Ü
-fS El
(¿O E^.(7- ó ) 9 ‘V e í
^ . m í 3x5 \ íoé ml ,
r*>
+ i-x i + 3x5 ) - ------- = 0- 138 02 — r
G9
z "
El 256 48 256 / 768 E l
63* - Z -6 S /7 EX
tnü3
(¿O 1
6Si
m
Er
*V_1-
1,2.56
+ 1*1
+8
-(— L 38 m í_
EX
_ Q< 1 2 7 6 0
256
C3i 0¿ 2-799 4 / ;
V mi
F Í e x ítífí^ ín f l u e n c e coefflicfenhsi
d /¡,= roicLbioY) o f J] wken cb unit forgue *fci ^tí.

ís -fe j- L =
0^22 = VotairíOM o f uKen OJ jUm/fc & ■fc

_ 1
fc-teg •ti ^fca
a 33 = rotcubiOY) o f ¿7} uhev cu utruJc tbrfyUe o -^ ílz A ÍG ¿X3
_1
•fc
te2
( 7'é) 9|,/es - i- ~ cu., <7} 4- c^2i 4- 33 7^ = — (<+2+?)
63^ íc
63£ si o - 4 0 S2 \ J ¿ t / jo
-+• +
60 3 X = £ + * ( w , ^ ) + ^ ( k , ^fcZ fc)
*-¿3
^ 5 . . +. Z 31 f - r - + _ 3-S ¿5
&Í ^ 0-3244 \ F v f c __________________________________
7-1
m± ^2 ^3
® m, = rr>j mz - Zm > m3 = 3m ■ íL ..... ’
t
1
X,= l z = f , = ! * = ^4 /
<-4 —*
P¿
/ _*
iJ
ir fa t ) = 4 ^ "4
( l - ¿ _ ve2 ) ; o < x <
¿El I ---- ► x | p
= - 1 a .s*s¿
- k . i 't
í f r / ' i -H
D e.fle.c.i:ron due. ib U /ef^tó o f rn, :
ccL,b io n o f vnj f « . i . I - ! » , £ .< )
r
« ' = < J " ? X 4 r )(j-) f r - . L . -1 " ¿
( f l i 1 u y 2 55 6é ef r
2
A¿ lo c t z .é ío n of m2 ^ o ,= _ | - , x . = 4 ¿ 1 =
'_ _ ("» -)(£ ) ( i-i- ) r I * + _£_*■_ 2 * N _ ■* l

¿7F 7 1 ,s 4 y 7¿í E
eX
Ai lo c a - - t ¡ o n of >"3 ("a- = Z , a: = ^ 3 í~
«■ /. - f a ) ( l ) ( < - ^ y j ! , x r - s - i ^ . x
cent 1 ,f “ * 2 762
7< E L
c6ê. -fe u/eijh-b af m2 j - Í Z í ^ í )
A i lo ccu b io n o f m, (* - ~ 4 f > &- = if~ , l-
( 2^ ) ( b ( í ) r r i* , , » v \ II mg.
6 E J Í 4 ~ 3g4 E l
Ai Lo Cambio n 0/ 7712 f * = T 3 ^ ~ - f ' ^)
tjf= ( ztn* ) ( - i ) ( 4 r ) ( t _ r- _ i_z \ = m% l

é £ Z Í ^ ^ ^ Z¿+ E X
A t to c a JrC o ti of rn3 (* .- \ L , gl ~ L J k - A - t l- i . }
i
v 3" = _ (* * ¿)(4 r)(X - 3
^ ) ( í l + 3- i 2_ i. _
7 i7 7 ( 4 + « * * ) - ,*Z4 »
D e f le c iio n due iz> lu e t jk t o f m3 - ( P= 3
LocoÁ C on of rn, ^ x .- A , A= X ¿ ^
Í T f M l í i l r /‘ i ! _ i í \ 7^ /
i 1 « « ; “ 725é
7 7 E^ l
7-2
lo c a .iC o v \ of fr¡2 ( x ~^> ^ ~ 4. > - 'O
í 3
<? »* ■ ) ( í ) ( l ) r / *_ i f _ L \ = 11
esijí /£ 256 “
LoCCÍ^ÍOYl C.J! )77g ^X = J ¿3 = 3 í —£ ^
3
V '= ^ ) ( i ) í ¿ ) r ^ _ J- _ jl^ l A
eezi '6 ls J 2ss e i
T o tc d ¿ J fjL zjJ Z a n _ cf- _ 7 n ^ «e S :
w¡ = « ¡* = + 1??
* £ = * 5 ' + W*" + t ^ '" = W |2 _ ^ + ¿L
^ , ^ + t5 v ; =
f o. ™ 2'9- / 3 / ' 3 „ „ I? (¿9 \

i ^ ~ T 7 ^ ( ^ + 2 (7 1 + ~3^7Z)
í n l i l l L ü : [ ( ± L \ z , / • ! ? n2- , 3 ( j ¿ i _ \ z l
e*-xz l iiiz) + ( i » 2 . y ■+• [ jo7iJ f
/
= 3 ■5 5 8 7 /—
££fJ = ricL-iu ra,[ f r e ^ u e n c .y o f VJinj i-é s e íf = 2 o H j, = /25- é £ 4 ~ ~
C*£ = YlQjburaJ- frequ en cy of- OAjeafxzrn o-fc Ifck. "¿V^» <r^~

22
1iJZrr^, ( nJL^Zj^Zn^ ~tn^
i~fcx < 5TÜ2^ O^- ZijCr^^
jc_ S 1 * 0 000 r i >2G. ^ \ _ « J

- V -Z f ^ r ) = 2?-3725 «c
N/ew J - 'r e ^ u - e n c .y a jf '/ / ¿ r a - t i o n of -bke. W\r\<g wi-fcb W e a -p o n is
given by
t .
^ CJ* + 6 522
¿ - /2f. 6 é 4 2 + 2 g -3 7 ¿ S z
= I 30• 55"é 3 x lo "5
¿J. = 2 7 .6 7 5 7 12^- - 4 -4 0 4 7 Hjl,

Sec. ^
7-3
m
For cu 51' m f l y sixpporied Le.c2.rn j ncukuraJl
frefyue-rxcy ¡s 3 «‘ven by (c u s s u rn in j C-ts
Tncuss to Le con c e n t T cu ted aJr tkk
m C d d ie ') .— .
C 11= m U/Aere * = ± £3
m
N ejlectin j th e mcuS'S o f Lecxm, ¡f t ro ¡ l e y ís jolcu ceol oJc ffre
y n i'd d le of * r c (e r ; its n cu tu ra Á frequ en cy is jiv e n by
J77=
f~ u n d c u m e n tc u i n c J c u r a -l fr e ^ u -e n o y af fe A e com Lin sys t e m
is y iV e n tu
_{. 1 _ 2IL + ,úrn 11

65,^ 69,*- * fc
/. (&x ~ 0'^0\S ^¡ÍL. - 30'(5y^ o/ ¿Ae. ncuburcut
frequ en cy af yix-der
(w itk o u t: -¿rAe '¿’r®
Flexítílíty c o e f f ic ie n ts ; k - ¿ i — 4 »— <*2 — 4 -— ^ — H
L et T ~ fenSfon ¿n s tr in q V 'V'\J' ~r -r
1F Í S o - - ^ ' —
cí»jj = d e f l e c t i o n of m i c2ue fe. ujiit |w±
• forcé cujfjylíed f e Wi Unit f o r c é
Uni4 f o r c é = sum. com ponents of tensión in v e r t i c n i idírechion

,,. i . T ( ^ ) + „ T „„ ( 1 ^ ) ,
a „= iL = a, 2.2 ( b 'fymrne^ry)
3T
4 o P 4 M$
J p * <*„ m, + * t I . *»» = = —
?T / /" \
(*3*. - 0'?66 / T • E*a¿.fc ^ L J S m A G3i = v/ ^ (proliíem 5.22 J .
7-4
F ro m E x a - m fle 7-3, Có - o * O 2 8 2 2 Z I*
© Since
ín oro íer
E = 2- o 7 x í o " N / mz ,
to iia v e
IZ S q o - Z ' i ^ é T I = 3-111$
= q. s ^
CJ ~ ) Z 8 ¿{ 0 • 2 i ¿i é / j 1 f* .á / s e c
= 3-14-lé m -d/see >
X - S i s é 2 ■4 3 0 22 x i í ' 2
F o r cz- iru-bu-La-r Se.c-"bton,
i = ^ (p*-d* ) = s i 862.^01 zx.o'*
t-e- p ^ - d ^ r z I •2 1950 ¿f xio~* ^
To m inim ice U/eiÂt u/e nei^c? fe m iním íje ( 'p ^ - d 2' ) .
Pro Me-m fs ? Fino! P e^r-d ¿A "¿ó min <rn'^s. (^D A
su.fcjec't to d^ = 1*2 I 9 5 0 ¿f x lo" ^
or F fn j d r= Vd
-Fo rmním.-ê j? - d ^ f r 2- - ! ) (e ,-)
S u t j e c t to ^ (> * - 0 = 121-950 9 x «o~8 C^)
3¡ves jz_ »!«*” » ,£ l

V r^ T
Bp. C e ,) tecorne* n ■o ¿|3 1 x lo ^ ( r z- 1)

\ fp *~T
For mínimum o-f J if á f r' Z’~ 1
dr d r \ ^ r ^ —l
( r z- Q ± ( r ‘t - i ) i (if r 3' ) - spC ? (aQ

r * - I
í-e.; r ^ C r 2- - » ') = ( V * + 0 Cr2=" 0

i.e., r z = I or r 2 = r z -f 1
í’-e-j r= 1 ís -bUe. only £&a*siU& solu.-tion.

i'& 'z A So l i d CirCLtlaur J ection .
S in c e x= 2L5- = o*o 598 6 2 )c 6 > D = o - o 33 2 3 m

64-
7-5
A
% ■
K -
w
Form ula: i
£
Oj ■*~*r >
<
;)<*(*> = ..y 1» * (X L ¿ L * * ) í
á £ T J2
Q CU
i W ) = - m ( / - xV a % x 2 - z ^ ^ J
6 EX H .
á ü í l
ê-jjíje-c-fcrrt aJ" /\ .'
D u e ib W~[ = Vn■i? : x = - i , a .= jL b = L : <’n ( í )

3 3 ’
W ) ( 4 ) ( Í ) ( í a- Í Í * _ l ! )
6 E l/ ? 9
= («i») (J J JLLJ = JL 1L l i o)
ÍE iX s V 9 7 24
2 43
3 E Il
E
X - - 2 / fc
4 > * 3 5 3
^ lz = P P!| ^ /-lw_¿ r 3^1?

íejJ ü L;\3 1 9 /
6E I Í
, 7 m í} £
161 El
3 > etfle
l e cuh
i i‘ o n aJr
e¿* B
o •
4
Due fb ~U7j r vrij : x= y » 7 *° (V
_ _ « i? í ¿ o r- — * ) - _ i - ry i l -
T ííl V 9 ' ^ 9 ' ' H *6 £I
p u e fe V = : x. = zi. c u - 2J 1?- i . j„(0

3 3 *> 5
^ 2 = (??aÉ l(i)(ii)(ji*~ ¥ - *11?)
- ^ ¿ l \ íL z)íftl1 ) = 4 ’^ L ^ 3
6 £E ? 5,1 E1
XíTa -
A
'W/i +*
At
A2 ~
/' 2-
= V.2,4^
(rx_
—*----- +*
-V
íá Z /
1 niiAl
—
E l
= o.o53(67 ™tg í s
EI
UTg ~> ^
w B„ I, + « - . .
^ — 4-. “t i / —— -
B \¿fSS $ [ 7 E l
- q*o6112 ™i l X !
ÍX
YYI O 1 ^ •**!
^ jîfn, ( o * o 5 ^ 6 7 + 3m,(o-o*m
( o * d 5 <? 6 7 3 p-ij ( 0 - 0 0 3 7 ^ ***13 ^ )

£1 J £X
1 "
E I V ( o - 25101 12
w, Ü3 j i 35 ■ S05 / x * + 4 0 ” 6 7 # ? >c «T
£1 \í / Q. 2 5(o I Va / E l \¿
vnfje 3 / lÔ'oal&ZSHj ~ 5 ’ 7 3é 2 f
7-7
m, m 2 s m,
M M _______
A I
4 ^ - 1 — |* - X
3
9C
W
Fo finulci/
K Qj 4 -H
w t 2 x 2-
< (!)
O IS? 9¿ 0“*
GO w (x) = - ti* ( , ! , + » ) _ 3 bJÍJ j

( ¿ E li 3
Ou < tc £ /
D e f l e c ' h ñ o n o Jr /A:
/
D ue to ¥ , r vr?) ^ = /'n C«)
= *|
i , >•=
or _
/\d - - y A - r / [ J L ( i i + £ l) - 3
Í E I Í 3
51" _ S í_ *
? 3
e ' r í 3 V42<£
= 0 .0 O 3 É 5 8
eTe" V 4 3 7 4 / E1
. 1
I>ue fe W2 = w, 3 = * = -y , ^ t = 4 CO
2-\ n 2~
= -
’ 4 _ ! _ [ 4 ( t + 4 ) - H t ^ ^
£ ET I- ü
- _ c^»i) cjJL^ r
EE 2 3 V 4 8 Í '
7 i 2 is £
T ' ]
7-8
=
E t
* II
V / f 3 7 ^ y ~ ° ' O0 2 - 5 ' 5 1111 9 l

E l
D e^íecft'o n ajr B :
J> u ek ■ W .r.rr,^ : * = ! , ! , - _ í l j x = * A fn (,7 )
z¿r _ (?"|9Í) J ^ . r O - z l ' s 2- „ . „

51 " - i- i L i [C¿-t )(4 + t
!a £ l | ^
= - ^ , r r f __ u i 2 n
¿T ljP 45é ? f J
- « i ?? í* 3 . _ LI _ f+ i M - 11
TE Tt 4^
S¿ L ?‘í y^ ' 4374 £ X
3
= o» 0 0 2 5 \S
E X
T>u,e. fe W¡ - m, J ^ - 2_¿ 2 / ¿ - A
3 ,n ( '
4)i]
= _ W|? . * ^ (_ 4_1
E l J 3 4SS ^ ?
lí *>,5 2 3 w j / 3
A r> r-j /. — ^^TT- =
— u0#. U
0 Ü0 D 3( 0^" D
5O9 —
4374 (T X fc I
03
+ ^ 2 . = (fl-0O3í58+ o.£jo2.5lO ÜÜil-'l
“ o-oogl 73 ^
El 3
= ^ B í 4- = (o ,002 5 15 -f- o - o o 3 é S s ') A iJ
=• O- 0 0 6 ( 7 3
E r
7-9
^ (o .<j<s6 n ? ) + m i ( ? ' oa 6 , 7 3 ~ X
£ X
CtS ~
2 Q*3 Q
m
PQ\ fo .o o <&17 3 . \ -f YT)2.( o ’ OG&l 7 3 HLL2— J
V E l £ r
7-10
r? 10 ) ^r0rn Excu*j»le 6* S j
— fc2 o
3 “ 2 O
& 7 = I _ fei = -k
*2 + *3 - <<3 -2 5 -3
~*3
o -3 3
■m, o o
o
o rn-t o
&» : = o
o ™3 3
7-11
/4ssu.m fn^ ■¿rKe p io d e skaê a,s *■ | R.a-y lecjb^s guoherrt
X =
becom es
x [<0 s
R ( x ) = CS1 =
x' M )í
(1 Z 3) * ? -2 o
-2 5 -3
o -3 3^
(4- o o
o
3J
C3t = 0.4GS2. vJ-^7
Ex a^ cb - V a lu é . U G9< = 0*3376 ./ JL ^Problem 6.51 )•

m
Sii-f£neSS -ma-brix i
@ (qi‘ve
Ijitfc
ea-cil cí/’SC a
fiota,-b¡or\s
¡-LTO^ o j r ^ j l o n .
lo r ^ u e
JuUj^la^Z¡Zrrr^yjt
reûi red u il t gíVe ¿ h 'ffn e s s c o e -ffic íe n ts .

CríUh. ckfcA
(D4
03 *¿2 M Í3 = o
II
«2 . = = O M ti = fci l +■ , ir ~ ^ b z >
*2 = 1 , 9 f= 93 ~ 0 : ^■éa = ^ t 2 + *¿ 3 * ^ t± = “ = - *¿ 3
03=¿, Q ,= 92- o : k b3 ’ o
/Mt 3 = «t3 ’ Mtz = ~ "¿ ± =
o ’ 2 - i o "
fc-fcl 4 ^-¿2 "■ ^-¿2
-i 2 - i
M - -* £ 2 *¿2 + *1 :3 — ^±3 = * t
_ o O -1 i
- fcfc3 *•£ 3 ._
i
M = o 3*2. o
o o «¿r*
3 _
ASSU-me ü » e m a cle ■sbcj.ê 03
o
O
-I
R(© ) = 0£>z =
1 ±1
12
o ’ ) a& n
O i ~ o- 2 8 8 7 lJ ¡ d L
¿"o
7-12
S i f f*0 SS5" ín&.'trix •
When x ,= í , x z = o ;
ñ = 'fc-M =
*, ir
_ T
Fz = * 2 ,=
íl
folien x, = o, xz= 1 :
T , T
*?
fi = *12* _ T_
X2
i
[* ]= T a +t ) t-2
»T& ' i]
~ h ( i +t)
o j = r w' ° i =
Lo vn¿ J
j^SSume -frhe m o le ska,j»e a ?

- íí}
(1 z) X. j"i
p ( x ) = o32 = y = £ T
m 5 9. fn
(í z)
T
c
1- 095 4-
l Vn
Erxcucfc Va-íusL ¿í ÍS, — LX ^Pro¿>Le-m 5.22 ^ •
£
From fro k le m 7 j 2 , fo r X, = i 2 = J? 3 = * ,
M - T [-. 'I ]
oj^ J l fc r m ,= Yn J mz = 5 rn, CTn ] = m Jjj-
]
U i * .
r ( 2 ) = os = ._ _z
7
a
« i - ° ' 534-5 n/ ^ I
7-13
A ffly o. u n il lo a -Jl to m a ,s * e s m, a rrJi m2 o$ ¿~ ^ x, x .z , resf> e cb i v e l y :
1 •______ l__ íe-, ■+ k\
,n
S'n =
- z-fe,
. -J a^ 2
, _2 =
*“ —
2 -fc, ^
+ ZKZ - 2. fc, * 2
D un f c e r / e ^ í e ^ u a .b :o n jives
= a . i ^1 + CUZ Í tt>2 =
^ * -h
~z~t~
i tn* ( fo )
O?,2- 'I* ' 2-* 2 ~ 2*, ' l Z
S m ce K¡ - '^z — 3 £ x / ¿ , 3 = ■*< > rn,= z tn } mz =. )m O l)
j ¡v e s
05| = 3E I
Zlri k
Eg. ( 7 - n ) 9 *ves , fo r r - ti,
© R(?) =
c‘ *
cn +
+
CÍ
g
i f (| ¿ )
(£i)
2 = i ^ C" 1
L et |-£L - €¿ « 1. Têr» Eg,. ( E i ) Recomes
0 3 .V F fe * * / n-l ^ a r\-í 2
* 0 0 = --------------------------- = k a+ £ ^ » ¿ 1- 2 i 6;
rt-l 2.
i+ z: ef J L -i.
i= 1 n- i
z Ti—± 2. 2. Z -c-—I .— •*£-
- +■ S €¿ ^ s fe
2 =1 2=1
_2 n—í i ? 2
- + ZT - V* ) e¿ fe)
2= 1
Sínce Cd? < C3* in g e n e r a l , (pa') Síiou/S1 t k a t
2
R( X ) ^ 65,rn
7-14
D e f l e c h i c n sha-pe o - s s u r n e j :
*00 = c ( l - eos ZL* ) co

zj e
mo.* = 09 * rni f1* %c >1' (( i \ -- eos

J E J± L\*
CMS E ótx
¿i
o tjZ '
2 Í 06
09n
+ ---------------
50
^jf i- C‘>
wKere ■= ¡n a-ss ¡*er uníf íevvjfA oj- p «.r£ o£ tíre
yea,vr\ w íf (o ¿f." x ¿f." c r o s s ~ s e c tto r\
/Ai ° ¿ 83 ( ^ # 0 -*# U - s e * *
= - - = íI 7 'I ^ 3 xio — — *■
£ 3*é-*f in*
m 2 ~ vnaSS p e r u rtik l & n j t f y o£- j?CLrt ©;f f£e be¿x.m

Wi th 2.;/ X 2^ croSS — s e a b / en
- «•“ » ( . ^ = m . w , „ . - i, ü ^ :
; 3 s « - «i t„ *
Mofi’ng -fkaJC
O o
O »V 4 o
27T J ('l+ Ctfí ^ ^
0
• 4 [ ^ + ( T + t A " i * ) - 2 -, f c í ] 0 '4 ’
" v Ct t + í - « ■ ] -
6Axi too
i * ~ J fi+ X p _ 2 crf
P% 'í.
J f i + Grf ^ - 2 O rO ) %
77
^ 7-15
tt/ 2
= V [ *+( t + I 8Í" Z0 - 2 S í» £ ]
/¿f
= TF [ X ^ * S,‘" 7r" 2 S''" 5 - ~ - t « - f + 2 *?»£]
= TTT Í y - | + ^ ] =
f 9 a f" ^ *■
Tmax ~ ^ JH jjl 7- I 29 3 K /O (o *g ? 49) + 2 9 * 29 6 / V I<5 ( i I-7 9H )]
2» —
"9
- X c*9„" C ( m l - a l l l X I6 )
2-
5 0 ,12.- 2. 100
Z-tv.Z
t; . -= E XL «
£ .
(* 3t + £ X2 ’Jt J
&x
2. 2 J
í SO Ax4
xJhuyiíL
TT - 7 T*.
¿ x
& .xJ í í 1
Here
50
50 ,2. */ 2 4 2 TT'*
TT C rrS •— d X
Ja. = C
J 2. /
o y * 16 l * I— . — — -v^- — - J
** f 71-Vh
COS ^
TT
L^.
TT r f í +í s f" ^
4 o - 9154
a-ncj
¡o o /o o
J- J L * . cf X
^ A , = J Ü - c
V ] ^ U
lé jé*
L ° ^ —
i r / 2-
2 t (JL + - 1- A in ) .
TTr l T + 4 V T/v
9-o8M$
G
3 2 0 x 10
7-16
E l* . , ( 3 o x 10^) j _ ( 2.^) ( 2. ) — 2.0 x 10^
<
T “ n I2-
G TT (^4 0. 9/5 4 ) + 0°8<fS)

ó r n a le = 3 2. 0 * to
16 do8 )
-s
32 o x 10f I X 10 S ) +- 2 0 ' x 10 ( " s s . 3 0 7 8 x (O
8 0 8 * 175 5 C
U S i' nj Xê o
obLctm
_ A 2. 2
~ —
^0 8 •C 7 5 5 C
O n ( 3 7 l * 0 ¿ f 9 7 *l<> ) C -
or 2- So 8 * 175 5
65 rv - ¿< = 2 * 1 7 8 I * l o
3 7 l *o¿f ? 7 X ío
or
69 =■ |¿f7* 5 8 ro Á / A ex .
7-17
vhaM- r ^ U n '
yM 0.283 -4 i^-Sec
Ym - I_ ü = — 4 7 , 6 o éT l x io — — z—
j? 3 26-4 in
OjnA
l°° « a 7T
2- ^ * 2 7T* * 2- X r 2- rt
C f S.n- y - ¿ * = c — J ¿in y ¿y
Jo * O
= c t i = 50 c *
Henee
A 2.
T m( V = ^ ^ 4 7 'S o S I x lo ) ( 5 0 C )
— 4 2- 2-
= M Í O .151? m u c
u“ ‘ ¥ t " b V i ,
7
a 2^C )/ I( = 2 .^ 4
= 5P5 .. 5c r4 /1 .7i r y rn
U/Aere I
r ¿ = _ 7L_ C ¿U . X *
r í
z
I W - E l C"7T* r '°°. a
2 fl 4
__ ______y
i j ^ y ¿ í = ^ ( 4 - - í * T
= 1
W = C I c V ' =
4 i 3 4 (ío8 )
= z 5 9 - é 5 38 C l
T w** - 3 «Ves
2. x 5 <?. 6 5 8 8 4
= 0.218/72-71 X /O
I( ?0. |5 2- 5 X 10 ^
53 4 6 •1 6^ 0 r*A/¿
7-19
y (O - c Ci- coS
-p - C i9 „ W n h1 1 r - 2.TTZC
1 jffjGOt ~ n
c o - " 5 T ) 4*
W = y -
cuvui
^ 'X 2
2 9 7J TT5 *C
2 ,. i¡ Í T
. nT X*• \V
X c + ^ - r - ^ - r )
Q
i2.TT
- rr a
J2 f C*? > - 2 Of
O
2-TT
= X [” + ( 4 + £ ^ 2-F) - 2 ^ o
= b ^ ' ) ( í i r ') = ' • * *
H W X „ „ = c ‘ 0 ' » ¿ )
*TJ *
icríveAfi
I -
[4-ence. ¿j 2-
Tr - k Q~ ^ ) ' A 2 L ^ . . A
2 í2 4 2
■ W = 3 ' Ves
2 2
C ¿ V
l / 4 c V l . ^ E X C ~ , 6 7 r
" ' = " i r - ^ i 3

n
2 _
• > o _ e w -í 3 ; V V )
m
° " = t f i i u v = T ^ m - í 1 1 , ( 9 1
CTY
6Sn =- £ , 5 7 7 8
7-21
Eûccbions of motion 1 xi F“*"xz r*~x?
m, x, + *, (xi-x2) = o - (E.i)
W2 X 2 + k , ( * L - * 0 + *2 ( * 2 - * « ) a O — (£•2.')
tn? -Xj •+- ^-2. CX 3” x í ) ~ ° (£ , 0
With x ¿ (t) = X¿ c o s o s t , ^ y .(e .i) ( e - 2”) g iv e
rn, GS^X | = -fej ( X, — X 2^ •, mz o X2 r - 03 rn, X, ■+ k z (X z - *3*)
or X 2= X |— ^ Tr>l .— ; X3= Xz — _£L (m, X, + m z X 2)

t, icz
Since "tte system ís fre e - f r e e , th e re s u ü a n t fb rce c L f f íu A -fa> 3,
F= ¿ G3Z rn¿ X ¿ , rn u sí te 3 ero.

¿=i
T h e C om pu ter f^rogrcun , u/ith th e s u h ro u tin e FO N t/ ie o a trp u t,
a re g íve n belou/'
7-22
f 1 C1 f 1C2 f 2 f 3 f 2 t 1
HDLZER METHúÜ
ln IS PPüGRAM REQUIRES USER 5UPPLJ.EÜ SUBRüüTINE rUN
*T = n ü m BER UF TIMES In CREME n T Üt UK CHANGED

FJLLij/. 1NG LlNn CGNTAINS PPOb LEM-u E'PE ñ DEMT DATA
NR = .MÜMBER UF RUOTS REQU1FLL)
NR= ¿ + ---------
C ENJ ÜF PROdLEM-OEPENDENT DA1A
NFUN=1
□ M=0 • 1 --------
CALL FUN (OM,F)
PRINT 60,NFUN,UM,F
FB=F
INR =0
JM=0. 0
100 DEL=tü.Ü *----
n r=o
200 CON TINÜE
F1 = FB
10 ÜM=ÜM +D.EL
C ALL FUN (GM,F)
NFUN=NFUN+ í
PRINT 60fNFUN,üM,F
F2=F1*F
L F (F2 .LT. O.Ü) GO TO 20
F1=F
GG TO 10
20 NT=NT+1
PRINT 30, ÜM,F,DEL,NFUN
30 FORMA! (//,31K CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AT OM=,El5.8,/,3H 'F=,
2 El5.8,/,5H DEL=,E15.0,/,bH NFUN=,I5,/)
IF (NT .EQ. 6) Gü TU 40
IF (NT .EQ. 1) QMB=OM
OM=OM-DEL
0EL=OEL/10.0
GG TO 200
40 I«R=1NR+1
IF (INR .EQ. NR) GG TU 50
3M=QMB
CALL FUN (OM,F)
NFUN=NFUN+1
PRINT b0,NFUN,0M,F
FB=F
GÜ TO 100
50 CONTINUE
bó FORMAT (2X,6H NFUfcs,14,2Á,4H OM=,E15.8,2X,JH F=,E15.8)
STOP
END
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ------------— — — — — — —
u — — — — — — — — — — — _ — .------------ — — — — — —
n
C SUBROUTINE FUN
C
Z ================================================================
7-23
SUtíRUUIINE FUN CUM, F )
X/i1= iOO •O
xM2 =2 0 . 0
X.43= 200.0
xrs.i = sOOO, J
XK2=40úU,u
J:-íS=Cjt*Hc«=¿
X 1 = 1 .o
X¿ = (,1.O-CUM6 *X^.l/XK1)) *Al
X3=X2-(Ortó/AK2)* (XM1*A1 + X*'2*a2)
FsüriS* CXtól *X1 +a M2*X2 +X;43*X3)
RETÜKN
END_______________________ i= °
NFUN = 1 ÜM= O.lüOOOOOOE+OO F= 0.il991253E +01
NFUN = 2 3M= U.10000000E+02 F=-0.4300000ÜE+05
CHANCE OF SI Gf« DETECTED A1’ (JM= 0 .1UÜ00000E +U2

F=-0.43000000E+05
DEL= O •1OOOOOOOEt02
NFUN = 2
NFUN = 3 QM = 0.ÍOOUOOOOE+Ol F= 0.31 12625 IE +03

NFUN = 4 3m = 0.20000000E+01 F= 0,11408000E+04
NFUN = 5 0 M= 0,30000000E+01 F= 0.21803625L+04
NFÜN = b ÜM = J.400000ÜÜE+U1 F= 0 .29312u00E +O4
ÑFUN = 7 QM= 0,50000000E+01 F= ). 272o5625E+04
NFUN = 8 üM= 0.60000000E +01 r = 0.76320U44E+03
NFUN = 9 ÜM= 0.70000000E+01 F=’■0.38581377E+04
CHANGE OF SÍGN DETECTED AT ÜM= 0.70000000E+01

F=-0.3B581377E+04
DEL= O.lOOOOüOOE+Ol
NFUN= 9
CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AI OM= 0.62220016E+01 i = é-22200lé

2,
F=-Q.28649828E+00
DEL= 0.9999999uE-01
NFUN = 27
NFUN= 28 üM= 0. 100ÜU000E+U2 F=-0.43000000E+05

NFUN= 29 UM= 0.20000000E+02 F=-0.47200000E+06
NFUN= 30 3M= 0.30000000E+02 e = 0,23130000E+07
CHANGE OF SIGrt DETECTED AT OM= 0.30000000E+02

F= 0,23130000E +O 7
DEL= 0,10 0.0000UE +02
NFUN= 30
NFUtf= 31 0 *1= 0 .2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 E +02 F=-0.4tí851225E+0b

NFUN = QM= 0 .2 2 0 u 0 0 0 0 £t02 F=-U.4776U13E+0ó
NFUN = 33 ÜM= 0.23000000E+02 f=-0.42888006E+06
7-24
CHANGE OF SIGN ÜETECTED AT ÜM= 0.25715595E+02 093 = 2 5 - 7 í ? 5 3 5
F= 0.214b7566E+Ú2
DEL= 0.9999y990E-04
NFUN = 5f?
S í je n v a l u e p ro kle m ís (A -z) t o
© U ere ^ •
i
o
(X-2.)
i
i
(zA-í)
fc )
ij¡. x, = i , (e ,) 3ês X ^ — — (A — 2-) X j X 3 = — X, — (Â— 2^ ^ 2. >

E = * 2 -f- f^-A- 3 } X 3 (skoutef be -zercT)
The compuber progrczm Gcnd re s u t - b s a_re given.
C HOLZER .METHOD
C IHIS PROGRAM REQUIRES USER SUPPLIED SUBROUTINE FUN
C NT = NUMBER OF TIMES INCREMENT OF OM CHANGED

C FOLLOWING LINE. CONTAINS PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
C NR = NUMBER ÜF ROOTS REQUIRED__________________
H R = U -------
______ NFUN = 1______________________________________
QM=0.01 -<----
CALL FUN (OM,F)
______ WRITE(13,60) NFUN,QM,F_____________________
FB=F
INRxO
0M=0.O
100 DEL=0.25<e-
NT=0
200 CONTINUE
F1=FB
10 OM=OM+DEL
CALL FUN (OM,F)
NFUN=NFUN+1
wRITE(13,60) NFUN,QM,F
F2=F1*F
IF (F2 .LT. 0.0) GO TO 20
F1 = F
GO TO 10
20 NT=NT+1
WRITEC13,30) OM,F,DEL,NFUN
30 FORMAT C//,31H CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AT 0M=,E15. 8 , / , 3H F=,
2 El 5 •8 ,/f5H DEL=,E15.8,/,6H NFUN*,I5,/)
IF (NT .EQ. 6 ) GO TO 40
IF (NT .EQ. 1) OMB=OM
QM=QM-DEL
DEL=DEL/10.0
GO TO 200
40 INR=INR+1
7-25
IF CINR .EQ. NR) GO TO 50
OM=OMB
CALL FUN COM,F)
NFÜN=NFÜN+1
WRITE(13 #60) NFUN,ÜM,F
FB=F
GQ TO 100
50 CONTINUE
bO FÜRMAT (2X,6H NFUN = ,I4,2X ,4H ÜM=,El5.3,2X ,3H F=,E15.8)
STOP
END
nL
C SUBROUTINE FUN
r%
u
SUBROUTINE FUN COM,F)

Xl=1.0
X2=-(OM-2.0)*X1
X3=-Xl-COM-2.0)*X2
FsX2+(2.0*OM-3.0)*X3
RETURN
END ___
NFUNs 1 0M= 0.99999998E-02 Fs-O.68310986E +0 1
NFUNs 2 OM= 0.25000000E+00 F=-0.34062500E+01
NFUNs 3 QM= 0.50000000E + 00 Fs-O.10000000E + 01
NFUN= 4 OM= 0.75000000E+00 F= 0.40625000E+00
CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AT QM= 0.75000000E+00

Fs 0• 406250 00E +00
DEL= 0.25000000E+00
NFUN = 4
NFUNs 5 OMs 0.52499998E+00 Fs-0.81746900E+00

NFUNs 6 QMs 0.54999995E+00 Fs-O,64475036E+00
NFUNs 7 OMs 0.57 499993E +00 Fs-0.48165655E+00
NFUNs 8 OMs 0.59999990E+00 FS-0.32800055E+00
NFUNs 9 OMs 0.62499988E+00 Fs-0.18359447E+00
NFUNs 10 OMs 0.64999986EF00 FS-0.48250675E-01
NFUNs 11 OMs 0.67499983E+00 Fs 0.78217864E-01
NFUNs 28 OMs 0.65932715E+00 Fs-0.38385391E-04

NFUNs 29 OMs 0.65932965E+00 Fs-O,25749207E-04
NFUNs 30 üMs U".6593 32 16E +00 Fs-o.l2755394E-04
NFUNs 31 OMs 0.65 93 3 466E +00 Fs-0.11920929E-06
NFUNs 32 OMs 0.65933716E+00 Fs 0.12636185E-04
CHANGE iOF SIGN1 DETECTED AT OMs 0. 65933716E+00

Fs (J.126361 8SE-04
DELs 0.24999997E-05
IFUNs 32
NFUNs 33 OMs 0.75000000E+00 F= 0.40625000E + 00
7-26
NFUNs 34 OMs 0.ÍOOOOOOOE+Ol Fs 0,100OOOOOE + 0 1
NFUNs 35 QMs 0,12500000E+Ü1 Fs 0,96875000E+ 00
NFUNs 36 OMs 0.1500000QE+01 Fs 0,50000000E+00
NFUNs 37 OMs 0.1750QQ00E+01 Fs-0.21875000E+00
t
•
•
NFUN = 63 OMs 0.16789526E+01 Fs 0.32067299E-04
NFUNs 64 OMs 0.16789551EtOl Fs 0,24497509E-04
NFUN= 65 OMs 0.16789576E+01 Fs 0,16927719E-04
NFUNs 66 OMs 0.16789601E+01 Fs 0.93579292E-05
NFUNs 67 OMs 0,16789626E+01 Fs 0. 17881393E-05
NFUN= 68 OMs 0,16789651E+01 FS-0.57816505E-05
CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AT OMs 0. 16789651E + 01 xz - t - 6 7 8 9 £ 5 l

F=-0.57816505E-05
DEL= 0.2499 9997E-05
NFUNs 68
NFUN = 69 OMs 0.17500000E+01 Fs-0.21875000E+00

NFUNs 70 OMs 0.2000000QE+01 Fs-0.ÍOOOOOOOE+Ol
NFUNs 71 OMs 0.22500000E + 01 Fs-0.16562500E+01
NFUNs 72 OMs 0•25000000E+01 Fs-0.20000000E+01
NFUNs 73 OMs 0,27500000E+01 Fs-0.1843750QE+01
NFUNs 74 OMs 0.30000000E+01 Fs-O.IOOOOOOOE+Ol
NFUNs 7b OMs 0.32500000E+01 “
Fs 0.71875000E +00
»
NFUNs 95 OMs 0.31615264E+01 Fs-0.13036728E-02
NFUNs 9b OMs 0,31615515E+01 Fs-O.11179447E-02
NFUNs 97 OMs 0.3 1615765E + 01 Fs-0.93221664E-03
NFUNs 98 OMs 0.31616015E+Q1 Fs-0.74636936E-03
NFUNs 99 OMs 0.31616266E+01 Fs-0.56064129E-03
NFUNs 100 OMs 0.31616516E+01 Fs-0,37479401E-03
NFUNs 101 OMs 0.31616766E+01 Fs-0.18906593E-03
NFUNs 102 OMs 0.31617017E+01 Fs-0.32186508E-05
NFUNs 103 OMs 0.31617267E+01 Fs 0.18215179E-03
X3 = 3 -1 6 1 7 2 6 7
CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AT OMs 0,.3 1617 267E + 01
Fs 0.18215179E-03
NFUNs 103
The pra^'Ccum £?sb e £ írt FroblemS 7.19 a-nJ 7.20 >s usec/ ^C-bk
7.21 j NR =• 4., initiaí va lu é oj- OM = o«0 1 , D£"L = 0-25 <xnc/
SUBROUTINE FUN
SUBROUTINE FUN (0M,F) ©i - 1

Xl=1.0 (2>2 = ( - X + 2) © i
X2 = C2.O-OM)*X1 © 3 = - ©|+ <r X+ 2) ©2
X3s-Xl+(2.0-QM)*X2
F=-X2+(1,0-QM)*X3 5 = - (í¿>¡, + (~X + r)'0'j
7-27
RETURN
END_______
The ouirjsuk of -th e projro-m is g iv e n b e lo u .
NFUN= 1 QM= 0,99999998E-02 F= 0•94049907E+00

NFUN= 2 0M= 0.25000000E+00 F=-0.20312500EtOO
CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AT GM= 0. 25000000E+00

F=-0.20312500E+Ü0
DEL= 0. 25000000E+00
NFUN = 2
NFUN= 3 OM= Q.2500Q000E-Q1 F= 0,853 10948E +00

NFUN= 4 0M= 0.50000001E-01 F= 0,71237516E+00
NFUN = 5 QM* 0.75000003E-01 F= 0.57770300E+00
NFUN= 6 0M= 0.1000000QE+00 F= 0,44 8999 76E +00
NFUN= 7 0M= 0,12500000E+00 F= 0,32617188E+00
NFUN = 8 OM= 0,15000001E+00 F= 0,20912516E+00
NFUN = 9 0M= 0,17500001E+00 F= 0,97 765565E-01
NFUN = 10 0M= 0,20Q00002E+00 F=-■0,80 00135 4E-0 2
CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AT 0M= 0. 20000002E+00

F=-Q.80001354£-02
DEL= 0. 250000Q0E-01
NFUN = 10
NFUN= 11 0M= 0,17750001E+00 F= 0.86938858E-01

NFUN = 12 0M= 0.18000001E+00 F= 0.76Í68060E-01
MFUN = 13 0M= 0,18250000E+00 F= 0,6545293 3E-01
NFUH= 14 OH= 0,18500000E+00 F= 0.54793477E-01
NFUN = 15 OM= 0.18750000E+00 F= 0.44189453E-01
NFUN = 16 0H= 0,19000000E+00 F= 0.33641100E-01
NFUN = 17 OM= 0,19 250000E+00 F= 0,23147 941E-01
NFUN = 18 0M= 0,19499999E+00 F= 0,12710214E-01
NFUN = 19 OM= 0,19749999E+00 F= 0.2 3275614E-02
NFUN = 20 0H= 0,19999999E+00 F=-0,79998970E-02‘
CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AT 0M= 0. 19999999E+00

F=-0,79998970E-02
DEL= 0. 24999999E-02
NFUN = 20
NFUN= 21 0M= 0.19774999E+00 F= 0,12923479E-02

NFUN = 22 DM= 0,19799998E+00 F= 0.25773048E-03
NFUN = 23 OM= 0,19824998E+00 F=- 0.77641010E-03
CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AT 0M= 0. 19824998E + 00

f»-0,77641010E-03
DEL= 0. 24999998E-03
HFUNs 23
7-28
NFUN = 24 ÜM = 0 •19802499E+00 F= 0.15425682E-03
NFUN = 25 0M= 0. 19804999E +00 F= 0.50902367E-04
NFUN = 25 ÜM= 0. 19807500E+00 F=-0.52571297E-04
CHANGE ÜF SI GN DETECTED AT 0M= 0. 19807500E + 00

F=-0.52571297E-04
DEL = 0, 24999998E-04
NFUN= 2b
NFUN = 27 0M = 0.19805250E+00 F= 0.4053115 8E-0 4
NFUN = 28 0 M= 0.19805500E+00 F= 0.300407 41E-04
NFUN = 29 0 M= 0,19305750E+00 F= 0 .19669533E-04
NFUN = 30 ÜM = 0.19806001E+00 F= 0.92993246E-05
NFUN = 31 014= 0.19806251E+00 F=-0.10728836E-05
CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AT 0M= 0. 19806251E+00 A í = 0 - I3 8 O Í2 5 |

F=-0.10728836E-05
DEL= 0.24999997E-05
NFUN= 31
r >
X, ["*•
l~ h e s y r t e m c a .n be m. o ete.le.ci
© aj,
The
a¿
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S'jS-bem ccun
foLLows ;
he redra*ujn
2*,
ii Zm
m\
a lie z
It
Zk
m 2_
 i r
5 Ii= x2..> £ 2 = x l ->

Í ¿ - 4- K > r¿ = C5
= a-Yxy V a lu é . - O - t t )
Z. - I L f m
X ,5 = ^X .
os { „ .I X, + ^
TT, 2. x^ 2 )/
■ í . o - í í V í . f í f )
5 m ¿c?‘
4-*~
H o l z e r 's ^roceJ^re «nvolver w m rn in j M ffe re n t vaM cm f frrr
65 o -\ £ ¡r \ iliL j , o of Í£ o ? e V c u lu e ? 3 xke. C o rre ^ F fr e ^ c e n ^

65 aX f£z. cm2 lú ívC ck. tve s X 3 —o ( h o u n d a -ry c o n d ít i'o n to
be Scubísf-t'eA ) .
From tfce. ex^reST ion fo r X 3 we c¿2-n J-iYic( fhe correot
7-29
£ reû en e^ ou -t trCa^l a^m.d e r r o r^) by s e .'b b ín j
@3 = © 2 - ( J¡ ® 1 + ?z ®z\
■K-fcZ. '
E= ¿ (j9Z u\ ® ¿ = o£ i nert i a, torgu.es (sh o u ld be. z e r o ^
TÍie Computer progro-m <>£ Problems 7.19 '7.20 ís usecf utíh.
M R = 3 , 0A1 =r 0-01 a/rJf PE L = ÍO-O •

The subroutíne a_rtc( resuLts are giver) .
e
c.
c SUBROUTINE FUN
c
u
SUBROUTINE FUN ( 0 M , F )
XJl*Tü.O
XJ2s5.0
XJ3*1.0
XKT 1 = 1 • 0EFCT6
XKT2=1.0E+06
XI = l . 0
OMS=OM**2
x2=xi-coM s*xJi/xK nm i
X3=X2-(QMS/XKT2)*(XJ1*X1+XJ2*X2)
FsQMS*(XJl*XltXJ2*X2+XJ3*X3)
RETURN
END CSl ~ 0
NFUN = 1 0M= 0.99999998E-02 F* 0 . 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 E - 0 2
NFUN= 2 0M= 0 . 10000000E+02 F= 0 , 1 5 9 9 2 5 0 0 E + 0 4
NFUN = 3 0M= 0.20000000E+02 F= 0 . 6 3 8 8 0 0 3 4 E + 0 4
NFUN= 4 0M= 0, 30000000E+02 F= 0 . 1 4 3 3 9 2 8 7 E + 0 5
NFUN= 5 ÜM= 0 . 40000000E+02 F= 0 • 2 5 4 0 8 2 0 5 E + 05
NFUN= 6 0M= 0•50000000E+02 F= 0 . 3 9 5 3 2 0 3 1 E + 0 5
NFÜN= 1 0M= Ü. 6 QQ0 0 0 0 0 E+Q2 F= 0 . 5 6 6 3 0 3 3 6 E + 0 5
NFUN = 8 0M= 0 . 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 QE+ Q2 F= 0 . 7 6 6 0 5 1 3 3 E + 0 5
NFUN = 9 • ÜM= 0 . 80000000E+02 F= 0 . 9 9 3 4 1 1 0 9 E + 0 5
NFUN = 10 0M= 0.90000000E+Q2 F= 0 . 1 2 4 7 0 5 82E + 06
•
7-30
NFUN= 50 QM = 0, 49000000E+03 F= 0.21006358E+06
NFU'N= 51 QM = 0.50000000E+03 F= 0.9375Q000E+05
NKUN's 52 0TT=" 0«51 üüüOOÜE +ü 3 F='-0.'324¥b293E+05
CHANGE 'ÜF SIGN DETECTED AT ÜM= Q.51ÜQ0QQ0E +Q3

F=-0.32486393E+05
DEL= 0.10000000E+02
NFUN= " 52
•
*
NFUN = b9 ÜM= 0.50750012E+03 F= 0.93337460E+01
NFÜN = 70 OM = 0.50750021E+03 F= 0.79214058E + 0 1
NFfJN= 71 OM = Q.50750031E+Q3 F= 0,66932836E + 01
NFUN = 72 CJM= 0,50750040E+03 F= 0,57721915E+01
NFUN = 73 OM= 0.50750049E+03 F= 0.45440674E+01
NFUN= 74 OM= 0.50750058E+03 F= 0.33159423E+01
NF(JN= 75 OM= 0,50750067E+03 F= 0.20878162E+01
NFUN = 76 ÜM= 0,50750076Ef03 F= 0.9210957 3E+00
NFUN = 77 OM= 0.50750085E+03 F=-0.30703202E+00
CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AT ÜM= 0.50750085E*03

F=-0.30703202E+00
DEL= 0.99999990E-04
NFUN= 77
NFUN= 78 0 M= 0.51Q00000E+03 F=-0.32486393E+05

NFUN= 79 0 M= 0.52000000E+03 F=-0.16878158E+06
NFÜN=
9
80 0 M= 0.53000000E+03 F=-0.31524272E+06
9
NFUN= 137 QM= 0.11000000E+04 F=-0.18694431E+07

NFUN = 138 ÜM= 0.1110000ÜE+04 F=-0.62095219E+06
NFUN= 139 0 M= 0.11200000E+04 F= 0.74758494E + 06
CHANGE ÜF SIGN DETECTED AT 0M= 0. 11200000E +04

F* 0.74758494E+06
DEL= 0.1OOOOOOOE+02
HFUN= 139
•
•
NFUN= 168 QM = 0.11146489E+04 F=-0.37916328E+02
NFUN= 169 0 M= 0.11146490E+04 F=-0.23ó97710E+02
NFUN= 170 0M= 0.11146492E+04 F=-0.94790859E+01
'NFUN= 171 ÜH= 0.11146493E+04 F= 0.47395439E+01
CHANGE OF SIGN DETECTED AT GM= 0. 11 146493E +04

r= 0.47395439E+01
DE L= 0 . 999 99990E-04
ÍFUN= m
EfruoJricn £ o v £ r e e V t b r a A ’S o n :
(K it - j-,* ) e , - *u &2 ^ o co
(**,■+ «ta . - Jz ^ ) 0 2 _ k t i e { - k i2 &3 =0 c o
(*<t2 - ¿3 O e 3 - O a 92 = 0 C O
U ftiste 9» - 63*'.
/ISSum ir'j ffCal 0j is KnoiJn, %' ( 0 CCCM S o lv e d ;
s2= ¡O - fO 0( _ 0 ¿ JÜ - CO
«¿1 ' **i
Adîfion 0£ E^s- ( 0 a*%4 Cz ) gives
— ‘^ ( ’K ® I ‘+ Í ¿ { e ® 2 — í " 0 ® 2 ' ®3 " 0
or
•7, A&t J-2 * ©2- CO

8 3 0 03 ' " « ¡ I -E I T
A s U í t i ’cm o £ E^S* (I ) > ( 2 ) o.y»J. ( 3 > JiVeS
<J¡ ^ $ ¡ ■+ ¿T? A 0 2 "i' ’-j 3 ^ ^3 ~ O (7 )
S* ft ) ? (6 ) o^rui C O CCUn Le ¿O-CíA Te rT¿-
H o l z € t “ fS m€~Hy0 d ; ■fóUoUíSl
1. Assume cuiirioA \¡oXujl <5^. /\

2. L e i: © / - 1*0
compufe 0Z USínj £^>. (¿i') ;
“ e , - 'L í i - f i
fe t i
7-32
CotwpuV'e Q3 using E (?) *
e3 = ©a - A - ( 3 -,© ,+ ¿r4 0 2 )
3. U?e Eg. (7 ) fot* co n v e rg e n ce c f» e c « :
Ccrrrvjoîfe
E = X ( ¿ r í ©/ 4 - ¿ r ^ 0 z +
1 $ tfre VoluJL. E = O, 'tte (fr/a X )
VoXu^ cf^ A ir» s+ej? i. ** -fce co r r e c t
eíjenveJl** z- • z_g Ej=°j oMuyrr^ cururfteC
td oX VqXxxjl cr^* X Orrv¿X Y u l^ o Í Sfe^psl, 2 , 3
Uwfíl can verg en c-e*
Mofe: In proLcfiCe j we u s e fr ijl vo J m &4 o f - A
in ¡¡resêcifteA in c re .m e n 'fs ojt>-cX u
ffre ló coJZ crn J oj- +ke £ l^ erwío^JuusA.
For "táe «noion

2» .2 i
¿T» ^ J 2 ~ 5 ícg-m ;J 3 ~ (O ícg ~r o , K^, = 2 o 00 o
N -w '/ ro .J l* oW ( (o 000 w - w / r o u lj tíre

results oj- fte Holz-er^r m e ito d cure g iven b e lo tu :
7-33
O.OOOOE+OO 0.1000E+01 O.iÓOOE+Ol 0.1000E+01 O.OOOOE+OO
0.2500E+02 0.1000E+01 0.9937E+00 0.9688E+00 0.4914E+03
0.5000E+02 0.1000E+01 0.9875E+00 0.9378E+00 0.9658E+03
0.7500E+02 0.1000E+01 0.9812E+00 0.9070E+00 0.1423E+04
0.1000E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9750E+00 0.8763E+00 0.1864E+04
0.1250E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9688E+00 0.8457E+00 0.2288E+04
0.1500E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9625E+00 0.8153E+00 0.2695E+04
0.1750E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9563E+00 0.7851E+00 0.3086E+04
0.2000E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9500E+00 0.7550E+00 0.3460E+04
0.2250E+03 0.1000E+01 0.943 8E+00 0.7251E+00 0.3818E+04
0.2500E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9375E+00 0.6953E+00 0.4160E+04
0.2750E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9312E+00 0.6657E+00 0.4486E+04
0.3000E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9250E+00 0.6363E+00 0.4796E+04
0.3250E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9187E+00 0.6070E+00 0.5091E+04
0.3500E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9125E+00 0.5778E+00 0.5369E+04
0.3750E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9063E+00 0.5488E+00 0.5632E+04
0.4000E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9000E+00 0.5200E+00 0.5880E+04
+
0.1600E+04 0.1000E+01 0.6000E+00 -0.6800E+00 0.1920E+04
0.1625E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5938E+00 -0.7012E+00 0.1555E+04
0.1650E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5875E+00 -0.7222E+00 0.1181E+04
0.1675E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5813E+00 -0.7430E+00 0.7969E+03
0.1700E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5750E+00 -0.763 8E+00 0.4037E+03
0.1725E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5688E+00 -0.7843E+00 0.1348E+01
0.1750E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5625E+00 -0.8047E+00 -0.4102E+03
0.1775E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5562E+00 -0.8249E+00 -0.8306E+03
0.1800E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5500E+00 -0.8450E+00 -0.1260E+04
0.1825E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5437E+00 -0.8649E+00 -0.1698E+04
0.1850E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5375E+00 -0.8847E+00 -0.2145E+04
0.1875E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5313E+00 -0.9043E+00 -0.2600E+04
0.1900E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5250E+00 -0.9237E+00 -0.3064E+04
0.1925E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5188E+00 -0.9430E+00 -0.3536E+04
0.1950E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5125É+00 -0.9622E+00 -0.4016E+04
0.1975E+04 0.1000E+01 Ó.5063E+00 -0.9812E+00 -0.4504E+04
0.2000E+04 0.1000E+01 0.5000E+00 -0.1000E+01 -0.5000E+04
0.2025E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4938E+00 -0.1019E+01 -0.5504E+04
0.2050E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4875E+00 -0.1037E+01 -0:6015E+04
0.2075E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4812E+00 -0.1056E+01 -0.6535E+04
0.2100E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4750E+00 -0.1074E+01 -0.7061E+04
0.2125E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4688E+00 -0.1092E+01 -0.7595E+04
0.2150E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4625E+00 -0.1110E+01 -0.8136E+04
0.2175E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4563E+00 -0.1127E+01 -0.8685E+04
0.2200E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4500E+00 -0.1145E+01 -0.9240E+04
0.2225E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4437E+00 -0.1162E+01 -0.9802E+04
0.2250E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4375E+00 -0.1180E+01 -0.1037E+05
0.2275E+04 0.1000E+01 0¿4313E+00 -0.1197E+01 -0.1095E+05
0.2300E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4250E+00 -0.1214E+01 -0.1153E+05
0.2325E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4187E+00 -0.1231E+01 -0.1212E+05
0.2350E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4125E+00 -0.1247E+01 -0.1271E+05
0.2375E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4063E+00 -0.1264E+01 -0.1331E+05
0.2400E+04 0.1000E+01 0.4000E+00 -0.1280E+01 -0.1392E+05
0.9000E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1250E+01 -0.1250E+00 -0.2250E+05

0.9025E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1256E+01 -0.9992E-01 -0.2058E+05
0.9050E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1263E+01 -0.7469E-01 -0.1864E+05
0.9075E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1269E+01 -0.4930E-01 -0.1667E+05
0.9100E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1275E+01 -0.2375E-01 -0.1467E+05
0.9125E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1281E+01 0.1953E-02 -0.1265E+05
0.9150E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1288E+01 0.2781E-01 -0.1061E+05
0.9175E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1294E+01 0.5383E-01 -0.8537E+04
0.9200E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1300E+01 0.8000E-01 -0.6440E+04
0.9225E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1306E+01 0.1063E+00 -0.4317E+04
0.9250E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1313E+01 0.1328E+00 -0.2168E+04
0.9275E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1319E+01 0.1595E+00 0.7246E+01
0.9300E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1325E+01 0.1863E+00 0.2209E+04
0.9325E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1331E+01 0.2132E+00 0.4437E+04
0.9350E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1337E+01 0.2403E+00 0.6691E+04
0.9375E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1344E+01 0.2676E+00 0.8972E+04
0.9400E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1350E+01 0.2950E+00 0.1128E+05
0.9425E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1356E+01 0.3226E+00 0.1361E+05
0.9450E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1362E+01 0.3503E+00 0.1598E+05
0.9475E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1369E+01 0.3782E+00 0.1837E+05
0.9500E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1375E+01 0.4063E+00 0.2078E+05
0.9525E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1381E+01 0.4345E+00 0.2322E+05
0.9550E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1388E+01 0.4628E+00 0.2570E+05
0.9575E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1394E+01 0.4913E+00 0.2819E+05
0.9600E+04 0.1000E+01 -0.1400E+01 0.5200E+00 0.3072E+05
xt C 1 ? 6 A & & y\ "tkafc

—>
0) -
^ - 0 3 (x9{ - O < ^rJ 0
f h a o o o
I -> I o . 5 6 8 '8
1725, 4/.5351 G
1-0*79^ 3
00
^3 - 3 275, 0 9 3 =. 3¿)(S8 9
7-35
The p ro c e d u re m cU csd re d £ot Problem 7*2.¿f he
u se d £o(viV ij "HíiS problem cutía •

D o d a * g í v e n :
J,= 5 K j - W 2 , ¿r2 = 15 fcg - ^ J3 Z 2 5 Kg^m2 ,
,= zo;ooo N - tu y rcL¿ } GOj QOG N J -^ /r a -d *
Frocedure ( HoIzsrí me^kod") .*
{« /\<¡sume cu iftaX M
oXujl /\
2. LeJr ©, - i* o
compute Qz USí«g Eg>.(¿f) S*fo-te<{ i‘nProblem 7*2¿f :

©2 “ »| - 2 J> 6 1
fc tl
C om p u te using (6)i*r> Problem 7. 2^:

®3 = ©* - -p- ( 3-, e, + ¿ra e * )
^■bz
3* U?e Eg • (7 } of Problem 7»2íf -jW C onvergen te checí-K*
E = X (j, 0 t 4*^ 2 4- ^3
tíre voJ jujl. c*'jl & - ú> ífce (Triol)
Valu¿~ cr|. ^ in Sêjp l. ¿í -fcet o r r e c f
ECgen v c lu a . j:£ E :£: o , oJMtsrr& o w 'f t e c
t r i o l VoI llZ X Ojt >

j A hjLj&txdz Sfé^pS^ 2 , 3
Uwfii con v erg en te *

Nóte: I y\ frcLcU ct) We use fw jl vaW á of A
tke L ó C c J lc ^ A crf ife eig€nVo£uiLÍ»
Results :
X 01 Q 2 &3 E
O.OOOOE+OO 0.1000E+01 0.1000E+01 0.1000E+01 O.OOOOE+OO < r - > 1

0.2500E+02 0.1000E+01 0.9937E+00 0.9855E+00 0.1114E+04
0.5000E+02 0.1000E+01 0.9875E+00 0.9710E+00 0.2204E+04
0.7500E+02 0.1000E+01 0.9812E+00 0.9566E+00 0.3273E+04
0.1000E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9750E+00 0.9423E+00 0.4318E+04
0.1250E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9688E+00 0.9281E+00 0.5342E+04
0.1500E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9625E+00 0.9139E+00 0.6343E+04
0.1750E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9563E+00 0.8998E+00 0.7322E+04
0.2000E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9500E+00 0.8858E+00 0.8279E+04
0.2250E+03 0.1000E+01 0.943 8E+00 0.8719E+00 0.9215E+04
0.2500E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9375E+00 0.8581E+00 0.1013E+05
0.2750E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9312E+00 0.8443E+00 0.1102E+05
0.3000E+03 0.1Ó00E+01 0.9250E+00 0.8306E+00 0.1189E+05
0.3250E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9187E+00 0.8170E+00 0.1274E+05
0.3500E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9125E+00 0.8035E+00 0.1357E+05
0.3750E+03 0.1000E+01 0.9063E+00 0.7900E+00 0.1438E+05
0.4000E+03 0.1000E+Q1 0.9000E+00 0.7767E+00 0.1517E+05
0.3200E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.2000E+00 -0.2267E+00 0.7467E+04
0.3225E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1937E+00 -0.2312E+00 0.6856E+04
0.3250E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1875E+00 -0.2357E+00 0.6242E+04
0.3275E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1813E+00 -0.2401E+00 0.5624E+04
0.3300E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1750E+00 -0.2444E+00 0.5002E+04
0.3325E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1688E+00 -0.2486E+00 0.4376E+04
0.3350E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1625E+00 -0.2528E+00 0.3747E+04
0.3375E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1563E+00 -0.2568E+00 0.3115E+04
0.3400E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1500E+00 -0.2608E+00 0.2479E+04
0.3425E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1437E+00 -0.2648E+00 0.1841E+04
0.3450E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1375E+00 -0.2686E+00 0.1199E+04
0.3475E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1312E+00 ■-0.2724E+00 Ó.5554E+03
0.3500E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1250E+00 ■-0.2760E+00 -0.9115E+02 - í — A 2
0.3525E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1187E+00 ■-0.2796E+00 ■-0.7401E+03
0.3550E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1125E+00 ■■0.2832E+00 ■-0.1391E+04
0.3575E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1063E+00 -■0.2866E+00 ■-0.2045E+04
0.3600E+04 0.1000E+01 0.1000E+00 -■0.2900E+00 ■■0.2700E+04
7-37
0.3625E+04 0.1000E+01 0.9375E-01 -0.2933E+00 -0.3357E+04
0.3650E+04 0.1000E+01 0.8750E-01 -0.2965E+00 -0.4016E+04
0.3675E+04 0.1000E+0Í "0.8125E-01 -0.2996E+00 -0.4676E+04
0.3700E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.7500E-01 -0.3027E+00 -0.533 8E+04
0.3725E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.6875E-01 -0.3057E+00 -0.6001E+04
0.3750E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.6250E-01 -0.3086E+00 -0.6665E+04
0.3775E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.5625E-01 -0.3114E+00 -0.7330E+04
0.3800E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.5000E-01 -0.3142E+00 -0.7996E+04
0.7875E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.9688E+00 0.2822E+00 -0.1950E+05

0.7900E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.9750E+00 0.2923E+00 -0.1831E+05
0.7925E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.9812E+00 0.3024E+00 -0.1710E+05
0.7950E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.9875E+00 0.3127E+00 -0.1587E+05
0.7975E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.9937E+00 0.3230E+00 -0.1461E+05
0.8000E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -O.IOOOE+Ol 0.3333E+00 -0.1333E+05
0.8025E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1006E+01 0.3438E+00 -0.1203E+05
0.8050E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1013E+01 0.3543E+00 -0.1070E+05
0.8075E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1019E+01 0.3649E+00 -0.9350E+04
0.8100E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1025E+01 0.3756E+00 -0.7973E+04
0.8125E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1031E+01 0.3864E+00 -0.6572E+04
0.8150E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1038E+01 0.3972E+00 -0.5147E+04
0.8175E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1044E+01 0.4082E+00 -0.3696E+04
0.8200E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1050E+01 0.4192E+00 -0.2221E+04
0.8225E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1056E+01 0.4302E+00 -0.7202E+03
0.8250E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1063E+01 0.4414E+00 0.8057E+03
0.8275E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1069E+01 0.4526E+00 0.2357E+04
0.8300E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1075E+01 0.4640E+00 0.3934E+04
0.8325E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1081E+01 0.4754E+00 0.5536E+04
0.8350E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1087E+01 0.4868E+00 0.7165E+04
0.8375E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1094E+01 0.4984E+00 0.8819E+04
0.8400E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -O.llOOE+Ol 0.5100E+00 0.1050E+05
0.8425E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1106E+01 0.5217E+00 0.1221E+05
0.8450E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1112E+01 0.5335E+00 0.1394E+05
0.8475E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1119E+01 0.5454E+00 0.1570E+05
0.8500E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1125E+01 0.5573E+00 0.1749E+05
0.8525E+04 O.IOOOE+OÍ -0.1131E+01 0.5693E+00 0.1930E+05
0.8550E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1138E+01 0.5814E+00 0.2114E+05
0.8575E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1144E+01 0.5936E+00 0.2301E+05
0.8600E+04 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1150E401 0.6058E+00 0.2490E+05
Z b ccun b e ¿ eers + t •'
0) )
^ |“ 0 ; 09 | - O; © — l l «OV
«•0 J
I *0 00(3
-a , -+ÍO i
* i = 3S00, U Z = S 1 .,¿ r»J/A j 9 = ».|2So
* 2 7 6o
\ ~ Qo o c - * C*} l> 0 qo o
X , « , _ , . oSío
0 * 4 3 o 2.
7-39
( Y l o A r í * p r o t l e m f o r * t í > € J i v € n o l a f e - '
O p^ te e x -p L e ^ ^ c t a¿
r p ti - > cî] x = o
í-e
2 - 3 > - i O
2 -2 ^ O co
- I
The fírst e^ô->tccm crj. (i *) ccun te e ^ r e S S e d ¿l &
(2 -3 A )X | -X 4 =0 ^ ^ = (2 _? > ) X i
(O
T ^ e XecovuJ e ^ L i ^ í m cr^- ( O o w b e W r«.'ir-ten o*
- Xi + ( J - 2 X) X j — X 3 = O
** X3 = - X, + ( 2- 2 > 0 X2
Tê ta if &£juLeJZim crjj- 0 > ís 5 ¡v e n Uj-
- X 2 + ( • - * ) X 3 ~ o O )
Egêftícan-J ) _ (3 ) ccA/m b e US£-J tc> itn jóle m e n t
H o l t e r 'í rne+feoJi ciX f o ll o t o s :
7-40
1. Assuvne cu i r í a f V oliU L cf¡ A
2 * Let X, = i
C om Jout€ X 2 us/nj E^, • ( 2 ) :
Xz = (Z-3A) X ,
compite X 3 usmj (?) :
x 3 = - X, ■+ Í 2 - 2 A ) X¿
3. check fo r ik e c o n v e r g e n c e o f -ffre m g - f ír j
USÍry £y. ( > ) ;
E = - X 2 -f ( •- * ) X3
4. ~tke \{<xXu.e o f E oA¿<jsrnjzJl ( t r i a5 ])
VoXut A /n step 1 rs -ffce c o r r e e b eiêftVoítce*

££ E -=¡= 0 , ojrucrbt^s r "Jj^gJL A
cuy>jÍ SÍfe-pí 1 , 1 , 2 4* I
con v e rg e n c e .
Nóte*. ln p ro -e fice , We u se f r i j l vah ¿& ¿ crfr A

tn prespecifíeA in c r e m e n t a ojy^J,
ffxe lo co Jlcv ^ o|- tte e tg e n V o iu £ J»
7-41
A X* E
O.OOOOE+OO O.IOOOE+Ol 0.2000E+01 0.3000E+01 O.IOOOE+Ol

O.IOOOE-Ol O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1970E+01 0.2901E+01 0.9016E+00
0.2000E-01 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1940E+01 0.2802E+01 0.8064E+00
0.3000E-01 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1910E+01 0.2705E+01 0.7142E+00
0.4000E-01 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1880E+01 0.2610E+01 0.6252E+00
0.5000E-01 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1850E+01 0.2515E+01 0.5393E+00
0.6000E-01 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1820E+01 0.2422E+01 0.4563E+00
0.7000E-01 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1790E+01 0.2329E+01 0.3763E+00
0.8000E-01 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1760E+01 0.2238E+01 0.2993E+00
0.9000E-01 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1730E+01 0.2149E+01 0.2252E+00
O.IOOOE+OO O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1700E+01 0.2060E+01 0.1540E+00
O.llOOE+OO O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1670E+01 0.1973E+01 0.8561E-01
0.1200E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1640E+01 0.1886E+01 0.2003E-01
0.1300E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1610E+01 0.1801E+01 -0.4278E-01
0.1400E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1580E+01 0.1718E+01 -0.1029E+00
0.1500E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1550E+01 0.1635E+01 -0.1602E+00
0.1600E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1520E+01 0.1554E+01 -0.2150E+00
0.1700E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1490E+01 0.1473E+01 -0.2671E+00
0.1800E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1460E+01 0.1394E+01 -0.3166E+00
0.1900E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1430E+01 0.1317E+01 -0.3636E+00
0.2000E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol 0.1400E+01 0.1240E+01 -0.4080E+00
•
Ó.6700E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.9999E-02 -0.1007E+01 -0.3222E+00
0.6800E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.4000E-01 -0.1026E+01 -0.2882E+00
0.6900E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.7000E-01 -0.1043E+01 -0.2535E+00
0.7000E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -O.IOOOE+OO -0.1060E+01 -0.2180E+00
0.7100E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1300E+00 -0.1075E+01 -0.1819E+00
0.7200E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1600E+00 -0.1090E+01 -0.1451E+00
0.7300E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.1900E+00 -0.1103E+01 -0.1077E+00
0.7400E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.2200E+00 -0.1114E+01 -0.6975E-01
0.7500E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.2500E+00 -0.1125E+01 -0.3125E-01^
0.7600E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.2800E+00 -0.1134E+01 0.7742E-02*-
0.7700E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.3100E+00 -0.1143E+01 0.4720E-01
0.7800E+00 O.IOOOE+OL -0.3400E+00 -0.1150E+01 0.8709E-01
0.7900E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.3700E+00 -0.1155E+01 0.1274E+00
0.8000E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.4000E+00 -0.1160E+01 0.1680E+00
0.8100E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.4300E+00 -0.1163E+01 0.2090E+00
0.8200E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.4600E+00 -0.1166E+01 0.2502E+00
0.8300E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.4900E+00 -0.1167E+01 0.2917E+00
0.8400E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.5200E+00 -0.1166E+01 0.3334E+00
0.8500E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.5500E+00 -0.1165E+01 0.3752E+00
0.8600E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.5800E+00 -0.1162E+01 0.4173E+00
0.8700E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.6100E+00 -0.1159E+01 0.4594E+00
0.8800E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.6400E+00 -0.1154E+01 0.5016E+00
0.8900E+00 O.IOOOE+Ol -0.6700E+00 -0.1147E+01 0.5438E+00
7-42
0.9000E+00 0.1000E+01 -0.7000E+00 -0.1140E+01 0.5860E+00
0.9100E+00 0.1000E+01 -0.7300E+00 -0.1131E+01 0.6282E+00
0.9200E+00 0.1000E+01 t0.7600E+00 -0.1122E+01 0.6703E+00
0.9300E+00 0.1000E+01 -0.7900E+00 -0.1111E+01 0.7123E+00
0.9400E+00 0.1000E+01 -0.8200E+00 -0.1098E+01 0.7541E+00
0.9500E+00 0.1000E+01 -0.8500E+00 -0.1085E+01 0.7957E+00
0.1700E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3100E+01 0.3340E+01 0.7620E+00

0.1710E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3130E+01 0.3445E+01 0.6843E+00
0.1720E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3160E+01 0.3550E+01 0.6037E+00
0.1730E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3190E+01 0.3657E+01 0.5201E+00
0.1740E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3220E+01 0.3766E+01 0.4335E+00
0.1750E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3250E+01 0.3875E+01 0.3438E+00
0.1760E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3280E+01 0.3986E+01 0.2510E+00
0.1770E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3310E+01 0.4097E+01 0.1550E+00
0.178ÓE+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3340E+01 0.4210E+01 0.5590E-01 .
0.1790E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3370E+01 0.4325E+01 -0.4642E-01*
0.1800E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3400E+01 0.4440E+01 -0.1520E+00
0.1810E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3430E+01 0.4557E+01 -0.2608E+00
0.1820E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3460E+01 0.4674E+01 -0.3730E+00
0.1830E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3490E+01 0.4793E+01 -0.4885E+00
0.1840E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3520E+01 0.4914E+01 -0.6074E+00
0.1850E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3550E+01 0.5035E+01 -0.7297E+00
0.1860E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3580E+01 0.5158E+01 -0.8555E+00
0.1870E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3610E+01 0.5281E+01 -0.9848E+00
0.1880E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3640E+01 0.5406E+01 -0.1118E+01
0.1890E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3670E+01 0.5533E+01 -0.1254E+01
0.1900E+01 0.1000E+01 -0.3700E+01 0.5660E+01 -0.1394E+01
i t co-w be ffcoár
o )
7^, i ú-125 , W ^ 0-^535, X
7-43
/•
7-44
1-e- * 2° = - 7- S S o í S x j° CLnJ X , ° } = - 3.7/ 4-? 7 x / 0 = 27-27 649
^ í ’ 0)
X = °< <-7-?S0éí wkcre o¿ - valué of X
( 2 1 -2764 9
X 0,TM X C° = i, * = O'0329S
[ 5 Z] = L i l i - Xl X r” x f,>
-| .0 0 .0 0-03296 \
2.5
- 1-0 5-0 -1 -4 1 4 2 - (b-3 -0-25975 l
0 -0 - 1.4142 ÍO.O «7-96495 J

~ 2 ‘ +SS7ZZ8 - 0 -9 ÍÍI2 7 3 - o •330154?
—0*9(112.7 3 4- . 2 l i é I47 (• i ? 7 É 7 3 *
-0 .5 3 0 1 5 4 1 l - t?7£7*S 0- 334-253 0
r i-o x.4-H= M x.
X = <!-7-3206S > ¿tbia S Z v ^ .
^ ¿I *^ I
29-27649Z/J . N
gíves ífe fúllowirtj re su b b s ( u ñ a X,.^+| = ¿ y •
ifcer» y. a* a row vector (u/itk X, l)

N_o: _ ( ¿ ) _________ *!+»__......... .. ........................ ............. .............................................
ITER= O Q.10QQQ000E+01-Q.798Q68Q1E+Q1 O .29276489E+02
ITER= 1 0.10000000E+01-0.10666667E+02 0.29333334E+02
ITER= 2 0.100Q0000E.+01-0.4727264 4E +01-0.13066854E+01
IIER= 3 0.1QQ0QQQQE+Q1-Q.31531227E+01-0.88291872E+Q0
ITER= 4 0.10000000E+01-0.27448514E+01-0.77301961E+00
ITER= 5 0.10000000E+01-0.25989382E+01-0.73374254E+00
ITER= 6 0.1Q00000QE+01-0.25411220E+01-0.71817952E+00
ITER= 7 0.10000000E+01-0.25172873E+01-0.71176374E+00
ITER= 8 0.10000000E+01-0.25073018E+01-0.70907575E+00
ITER= 9 0.1OOOOOOOE+O1-0.25030899E+01-0.70794201E+00
ITER= 10 0.10000000E+01 '0.25013082E+01-0.70746231E+00
IIERs 11 0•10000000E+01 0.25005538E+01-0,70725930E+00
ITER= 12 0.ÍOOOOOOOE+Ol •0.25002341E+01-0.70717323E+00
ITER= 13 0.10000000E+01 ■0.25000987E+01-0.70713681E+00
ITER= 14 0.1OOOOOOOE+O1 ■0.25000415E+01-0.70712131E+00
ITER= 15 0.IOOOOOOOE+Ol -0.25000172E +01-0. 7071 148 2E+00
c o nv e r g e d va¿ue o f X 2 = 5 00004216 (oT 092 = 0 '4 4 7 Z l l 7 l ')
Bg using a> similar p r c ce Au r e. , \p3~\ fo und- Wíék i k e ¿a-m e Xp

trke resaLts otfccuned from = [P 3] Xt- <xre giVer? beLow.
iH
7-45
T t e r- X^+| rou> veciar (u!U X ij¿+(= 1 )
no./¿)
I IER= 0 0.10000000E+01-’O ,7 8 8068 0 1E + 0 1 0. 2927 6489E+Q2
ITER= 1 0.10000000E+01 0. 19600000E + 02'■0.72824997E+02
ITER= 2 0. ÍÜQOOOOOE+Ol 0. 38067123E + 00 0. 683 48 452E-01
ITER = 3 0.1Q000000E+01 0.38067168E+00 0.68312615E-01
ITER= 4 0.10000000E+01 0. 38067 159E + 00 0.68312593E-01
C on verged v a lu é o f \ 3 = Z - H? 3 l i ¿ f 3 (w, = 0. ¿s c? izgo) .

i 1 1 “ -1 ’i 1 2
t i l , D>] = M c-] = £ 1 2 +
l 1 2*5
\ L , ik e foí(ou/¡n^ re-suLtr ctre ottamed:

*o =
ilerah 'o n Xí,

, •“ 1 (
numfcer (*) X. = 0 3 X, wi-kb
-t gíven as fovj v e c t o r )
¡ * +l A
ITER= 0 0.10000000E+01 0. 10000000E + 01 0. 10000000E+01

ITER= 1 0. ÍQOOOOOOE +Ol 0.17 5Q00Q0E+01 0 •20000000E + 01
I TER= 2 íoooooooE+oi 0.18518518E+01 0.21481481E+01
ITER= 3 í)• 1OQOOOOOE +0 1 0, 18 601036E + 01 0.21606219E+01
ITER= 4 0. 100 00 OOOE +O 1 0, 13607503E+Q1 0.21616161E+01
iier= 5 0•1OOOOOOOEtO1 0.18608015E+01 0.21616952E+0 i -?(*■)
ITER= 6 0.lOOOOOOOEfOl 0 .18608055E+01 0.21617017E+01
C onverged fre q u e n cy - 0 -3“n o 2 S -
Repe-titibn. o£ the f>rocedure ivitk ¡J>2 J a .n J L ^ 3~ ] jiVes tke

foLLow tng re su L ts:
t*9, 1- 32 1 3 2 4
■ 't é -
(O
X = { 1-000000 o . 2^4c>?‘
2 - o- I¿ i0 ~ 7 0 £ }
i«\
u 3Jt = i ' 0 * * * 23
x r3)= { 1-000000 - 2-f/4^0l o-(,18S¿+l }
7-46
1 "i i 1 -1 1 1 i “
i i-S 1-5 , [ic] [ m ] = JZL 1 1-5
i 1*5 l'£33_ 1 1-5 l'S33_
L 1 1
¡XI = 1 1*5 1-5
L i i. 5 £33 _
’W i i h j± 1 , ¿ftí¿ou/ín^ r e s u iis a-re ^Program 10 .F.) *

I f . í ................ ......................................................
Iteración
r?umber™ ) I X lti= M Uík X í , ¿ = 1 ( ? ,Ven ^ row * e c ¿ r )
0 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0. lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl
1 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.1333333 4Et01 0.14443334Et01
2 0•lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.13676430Et01 0.14949605Et01
3 0,10000000E+01 0. 137 055 37Et01 0.14994360Et01
4 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.13708007Et01 0.14998223Et01
5. 0. lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.13708220Et01 0.14998555Et01 a)
6 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.13708237Et01 0.14998584Et01
converged JVeguency = q.5022.2^-03 =CJj_
0 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.10000000£t01 0, lOOOOOOOEtOl
1 0.10000000Et01-0.56349640E-01 0.61459929Et00
2 . 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.2265671 1E-01■’O .64602280Et00
3 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.9109241OE-02' ■0.b5840477Et00
4 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.38191630E-02- ■0.66323972Et00
5 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.17635337E-02' 0. 6651 1846EtOO
6 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.96627331E-03- 0.66584712Et00
7 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.65728393E-03- 0.66612953Et00
8 ü.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.53756207E-03' ■0.66623896Et00
9 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0 .49 118 3 8 9E-0 3-■0•66628 140Et00
10 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.47320157E-03- ■0•66629795Et00
11 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.46624581E-03- ■0.66630417Et00
12 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0 •46355074E-031■0•66630661Et00
13 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.46252197E-03- ’0.66630769Et0Q
14 0. lOOOOOOOEtOl 0,46209697E-03- ■0•66630799Et00
15 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.46194042E-03' ’0.66o30810Et00
16 0. lOOOOOOOEtOl 0. 461 88 448E-0 3'-0.6663081OEtOO
17 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.46187337 E-03’'0.66630816Et00
18 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.46136216E-031■0 ,66biO822EtO0
19 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.46185096E-031’O •66630816EtOO
20 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl-0.46185098E-03-0.66630822Et0Q
c o r » y e r g e d / r e g u e n e y = 1.7 3 2 3 I7 S = csz
0 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0.lOOOOOOOEtOl 0. lOOOOOOOEtOl
1 0.10000000Et01-0.23654659Et01 0. 15024464Et01
2 0.10000000Et01-0.23733659Et01 i50 2452 4EtO1 O)
3 0.10000000Et01-0.23733664Et01 15024524£t0l-
Converges! fr e g u e n e y = 2>7g3294 =
0 O
From p ro b le t n ■ I O
© 2 -1 1 o
■i 2 o I
M =
7-47
0 O.IOOOOOOOE+Ol 0.2000000QE+01 0. 30000000E +0 1
1 O •1OOOOOOOE+O1 O .160000QQE+01 O.14000000E +O 1
2 _ ü *1 QQQQQQQEtOl 0.147 3fa842E+01 0.11052632E+01
I 0~•iOOOOOOOE + Ó 1 ó. 14 328358E+01 O ,~1 Ó29*8507 E+ ÓT
4 O •1OOOOOOOE +O 1 0.1419913 4E+01 O.10086581E +0 1
5 ü. 1QQQQ00QE +01 0 .1 4 1 59292E+O 1 0.10Q25285E +01
"6 O. 1 Q000000E+01 Ó .14147242E+01 O . 10Q07399E+01
7 0.10000000E+01 0.14143645E+01 O.10002166E+01
8 0.1OOOOOOOE +O 1 0. 141 425 8 OE+O1 O.10000634E +01
9 O •100Q0000E+01 O.14142267E+0l' O.10000186E+01
10 0.10000000E+01 0.14142175E+01 O.10000055E+01
11 U,1OOOOOOOE+O1 Q.14142147E+Q1 O.10000015E+01 <— X
Converged freguency = 0*76 53660 8 -
0 O•1OOOOOOOE +O 1 O .20000000E + 01 O ,30000000E +01
1 O .1OOOOOOOE+O1 0.29291141E+00-0.14141805E+01
2 0.10000000E+01 0.15801974E+00-0.12234681E+01
~3 0.1OOOOOOOE+O1 0.88471927E-01-0.il251128E+01
4 0.10000000E+01 0.50517395E-01-0.10714371E+01
5 0. 10000000E +01 0.2916U88E-01-0. 10412357E +01
27 0. 10000000E + 01 O.1966953 1E-05-0.99999768E +00

28 0.1OOOOOOOE+O1 O .18924472E-05-0.99999750E+00
29 0.1OOOOOOOE+Ol O.18179417E-05-0,99999750E+00
30 0.10000000E+01 0.18030403E-05-0.99999738E+00
31 0. 10000000E + 01 0. 17732382E-05-0.99999744E +00
32 0. 10000000E +01 O .17732380E-05-0.99999726E+00 X(}
converged freûen c<j - 1 *4 /4 2 1 3 4 = csz
0 0.ÍOOOOOOOE+Ol 0.20000000E+01 O.30000000E+01
1 O.IOOOOOOOE +Ol-O. 14143940E + 01 O.10000018E+01
2 0.1Q000000E+01-0.14142135E+Q1 0.10000004E+01
3 0.10000000E+01-0. 14142135E +01 O . 10000004E +0 1 X '
Converged frequency = j . 841753o - ü93___________________________
0 O.IOOOOOOOE+Ol O.20000000E+01
1 0. IOOOOOOOE +Ol 0. 12500000E +01
2 0.1OOOOOOOE+O1 0.10769231E+01
1 O.IOOOOOOOE+Ol 0.10250001E+01
4 O.IOOOOOOOE+Ol 0.10082645E+01
5 0. ÍOOQQOOOE+Ol 0.1QQ27474E + Q1
3 O .1OOOOOOOE +O 1 0. 10009151E+01
7 0 . 1 OOOOOOOE +O1 0. 10003049E+01
7-48
3 0.ÍOOOOOÜOE+Ol 0.10001017E+01
9 0.100Q0000E+01 O.100QQ340E+01
10 0.IQQOQQOQE+Ol Q.100Q0113E+01 CO
11 0.1Q000000E+01 0 .1000QQ38E+01 X
Converged f regueney = o-99999So9 = C3Í >Jm í/ T
15 OTroO'OOOOÓETóT 0 .2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1
1 0.10000000E+01-0.99991989E+00
2 0.10000000E+01-0.99998856E+00
3 0 1Q000000E+01-0.99998856E+00 -«
ConvergeJ frequency - 1 - 7 3 2 0 5 0 8 = C32 J - V t
O .S 0-5 O .S- o-5~ "l.ff 1-0 0 .5 “
0) c*r* ■ i 0-5
o*5
l'O
1-0
l'O
Z’O
1-0
Z ’O
. =K
1-5
1 .5
2-o
2-o
1*0
2-0
1*0
2*0
JJ- 5 l’O l ’O 3 -o_ 2.-0 2-0

- 1*5 3 -O _
W ii rli X0— ^r>e cf°^flU,'n3 resuLbs are otta-ined for ~x ^
Iteración
namker (*) X¿ toitíi ^ í p ¿ ~ * (jiven. a-s row vector^
0 0.10000000E+01 0.1 OOOOOOOE+01 0.10000000E+01 0, 10000000E +Q1
1 0.10000000E+01 0. 157 14285E+01 0,21428571E+01 0.24285715E+01
2 0,1QQQ0Q00E+01 0.17200000E+01 0.257 3 3335E + 01 0.30266669E+01
1 0,1OOOOOOOE +0 1 0,175Q8308E+01 0.268 i063 4E+01 0.31833319E+01
4 0•iOOOOOOOE+01 0.175741Q3E+Q1 0.27059193E+01 0.32208292E+01
5 0•1QQ0000QE+O1 0.17588729E+01 0.27116063E+01 0.32293591E+01
0. ÍOQOOOQQE+Ol 0,1759204&E+01 0.27129092E+01 0,32313194E+0 i
0. 10000000E +01 0.17592804E+01 0.27132087E+01 0.32317696E+01
0•1OOOOOOOE+O1 .1759297SE+Q1
___________________0 0.27132771E+01 0.32318730E+01
"f 0, 1OQOOOOOE+O1 0,17593Q19E+01 0.27132931E + 01 0.32318966E +Q1
C o n verg ed ¡freq u en cy =-0 *4oo5ffl33 = p V íT
7-49
" 3 3 o"
1
L.
-
0
0
1—1
*7
II
O
X* . 00 = -3 -3
o
£
_ 01
o
_<= -3
T o f m c f - f t e í x C g ^ e s f n o J c u r a l - f r e q u e n c y , , w e A u f e
- 1 o
[ A j = [ v n ] [ # ] =
o o . 2 5
o o
3 — 3 o
~ o . 7 5 | * 5 - o . 7 5
- O - 3
3 -
S f n t £
M i
i*s Sfiune ¿(»,e íri’g Tci. kocíy rnocte u/Hh L& ~
>< t = | J , j a¿ H e tr io l V e tfo r Ya g-Cná
- K ^ k e s t ryeduJiaJl ^reguenc^ .
=: I 2 '0
4 ' 6 8 7 S ) |•O O O o
|*üOO O
- 2
5*4 3 7 5 - /
' 5 2 1 3 V -
!
1*0 0 0 o
- o ’ 5 ¿ { 0 t>
X , . = [ A 3 ^ _ o . 5 4 0 ° 4 *62 | - o . 5 2 60 i
l6 oo f i o 31 )
ooo o
x 5. 1 * 1
V í 7 7 t ( -.a/ ' .•5 l 7 ( 5
1-0681
J-OOOd»
4*5511 ^ í I •o o o o
* fi = ÍA ] y - o - 5 / 7 0 -2> 3 2 6 6 | = í ^ 5 íl J - o . 5-1/2
1*0631 4*75 5 ? J (
l - OOC o 4 . 5 3 3 6 oo o 6
[ A ] jLo.SII 2
= 4*5 336 < _ 0 .
o*5o7¿/
(•0^4?
/•o 2 97
4 . 5oo 4 j /* m o o o o
V - [ Ai< - 2-2506 >■= 4 -5 0 0 ^ j _ 0 , Soo |

4-Sol 4 J ( i-ooo3
X „ = fA ] j-c 5 o o I = 4-5003
1*000 3
4.5 0 0 ■) 1
í l'OOO 0 1
3T -[A ]
20 - 2 * 2 5 0 2 1Y = 4 '5 0 0 1 ,\ - ú <500 0 >
4 ‘ Soo 8 1 ( 1' O O 0 2 J
X , ■ [Al
,** 'P r o c e s a con verêM

(Wuax)
=: 4 *500 1 O jrd X
05 TT\GLY> = = a* (213 raJ/s *
7-51
l-ooo o
r 3 = [ p l
= 6.5 ^ / * 5 4 6 2.
2.(5 5 5
€•81(62 |#O o o o
6 ’ 8¿i62 ^ f, g £ 3 9
v m ; 12* 6 9 2 3
2.16 2 5
l 1^- S ^ é 2
( 1-00 0 0 Í ' OOO o

/.S 539
r B= c ^ - 6-8 764 í ¿f¿
2.(685
2 '(¿ 9?
6-87 7 0 / *o o o o
x e , í » J
/ 2 **75 &! = I* 8 S H 6
I /¿y. 9 2 So 2 -170 1
6-87?¿f 1 f |>oooo *}
X7 - M j
(2-7587 (-= 6*8794 / •$ (
W 72 82J ( 2 -I 7 0 I J
fl.oooel r <S . &7f 3 1 f COf l oo 1
X = [ P J ) '•S5¿|£ h j l 2 . 7 5 8 7 6-87 *3 j i - S S * 6 C
8 ( 2,|7° ' J (l^ .^ Z S sJ i 2 ’ 17 C | J
P ro c e s s c o n v e rg e d .
l#o o o o 1
Í t-S’ 5 4
2.17o
£
| J
(-
091 = /sT
- 0 - 3 8 1 3 r o -Á / ¿
7-53
To fíwfli ‘t k e fv íg k est r\oA uxcJt -fre ^ u e-n cg _> t*>e #fe.
■m oincx [ A l
- I
fi3 = [r »3 [* 3 =
2
- I
I o <b 2
oo«5 o - I 2
o o 1 _ O I 1
LoJt' tk e triol v e cto r íe :
XS = [A ] ~ <-o*5 / - 2 -o*2 5
o
X = [A ] <-o.25
' O
<0 o o o
/ « OOOO
X -" M ] j - o - 3 8 lo
= 2- 3810
o- 1 9 0 5 - a ’ ¿l l o o
o *2¿/ oc
7-54
.ooo o ") r 2*^100 ] f l*oooo
y*7 = 1 ^ 1 j - 0 ' t i i o o j- = J_ , . o 3 o e l = 2 .ífio o ) _ 0 .í/n-rq
0 -2 HOO J Vo.gSosJ ( 0.2697
0-3103
roooo i r z .¿,sl5 1 f i-oooo

X ( 7~ [A3 j-o-^5 IS >• = j _ / - ( OTO >■ r 2-4 515 -o 5í 5
o. 31 o í J ( o -7fi 2 *f J 6 * 3 11 O
Proc^ss converjfiJ*
. Co r 1,0 0 0 0 7
> 3 = 2 t¿i 5 l 5 , X " ^ - 0 ^ 5 1 5 L
0. 3110
3= v/Á7 = 1*5657 r a c | /¿
7-55
“ i 2 1 n 1 0 0
M = 1 4 2 , M - - 0 2 0
J 4 3
0
0
1
1
Ff o r o FAe S alu'hicn oj1 Protílem 7«3 4¿ we have
*(*oooo
CO
x 1.85 ^ 1 = 6 ' 8 7 ?4
U» 17 O 1
To normoJ-íze x u/ i f f» ct Fo f^-e £m ^] - m a - F r / x
toe éxjaress
I •o 0 0 o
~XCO= ' |-85£( (S
.2-170 1
— co
ccm-A u Se fAe COY! «^» F i ’c/r* X “ , T c ^ X =
í*e» r /* o
2 r 1 0 0"
■
* {
1-0 1-8546 2-1701 j
j l - 95i f é = 1
í°
0
— 0
0
( 2 * 1 7 ¿>l
0
1
2
re- ( i f l . s s s h ') = 1
OY <* -
; = O . 2 8 IS
4 12-5884
H ^ r ic e r l'fiooo o- 2 8 |S ]
CO
X C° = <xT 1-8546 0 * 5 2.2.7 7
2-170 | o *6 1 i 5“ J
r»2 ] * [ p ] - * ,,,T
4 2 -Aj 0 . 5 2 2 7
4 3 0 - 5 115
7-56
r€
r a ■¿i 5 3 7 - o .0 2 g é -o-ISSS
f t ] = -o»o(33 o >2¿j o ^ —o * ¡ 9 8 9
- o •IS 5 5 — o * 39 7 7 o*¿(2Vé_
ie J r tke trio A v e c to r te
o* 2¿/| é
X
7
-
(i) f i •o o o o
X . = f t ] -- 0.02 8 7 í - o. a ¿f / é J a . U S S
~ 15 5 6 I ( - o . é ^ 2 .
1* 000 o o , 5 7 0 O n o Ooo
X o ' 11 8 8 5 7oo
F
L- o *
25 l¿
15
I *o o o o
v M r ,z5,é &I 2 H i c 36(-7

-o*29l5
~ o* 66 67 J ^ —i • Q8 $ 7
l -o o o o
- 0*712.7 ^ 0 * 5 9 é 5
- 1-4 8 ZZ
1*000 o
, r 0 * 7 1 2 ^ 7 <| fi * 5 ? ¿ 5
- I »¿f 8 2.2
A* = 0.7127 , x (O
tóz r g - S h ^ i ra A fte c .
7-57
T#tc jaroMem- J e f > e n J e n t ¿ clI cl for Program9*F and ou-bput ore 3 » ’ven
7.371 C FQLLQhTNG 3_I.J-N-ES-CONTAIN PROBLEM-DEREHD.E-NT- DATA______
DIMENSION D(3,3),E(3,3)
DATA N,ITMAX,EPS/3,200,1.0E-05/
________ DATA D/3 ..0,- ? .0, 0. 0 ,- 2 .0 f5 .0 ,- 3.0-,Q...Q».?»3.Q r3 .0/
C END ÜF PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
EIGENVALUE SOLUTION Bí JACOBI METHOD
GIVEN MATRIX
0.300000E +01 -0. 20000QE +Q 1 0.000000E+00
—o.200000 f. +qi o.soooonr+oi -o. inooonE+oi
O.OOOOOOE+OO -0.300000E +01 0.300000E+01
EIGEN VALUES ARE

0.774166E+01 0,30000OE+01 0.2583 43E+00
EIGEN VECT3RS
FIRST SECOND THIRD
0.335734E+00 0.832048E+00 0.441564E+00
- O t 7 Q6 0 32E +0 0 - 0 . ^d"íq03E-0S o , +
0.503602E+00 -0.554704E+00 0.662 3 36E +00
7-58
@
TÍie prokíem - etependen-fc ctaéa. Jbr ?rogra,m 9*F cunct oufpu-fc ^fven
C FOLLOWING 3 LINES CDN'TAIN PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
DIMENSION D(3,3),EC3,3)
DATA D/3.0,2.0,1.0,2.0,2.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0/
EIGENVALUE SOLUTION BY JACOBI METHOD
GIVEN MATRIX
0.300000E+01 0.200000E+01 0 . ÍOOOOOE+Ol
0.200000E+01 0.200000E+01 0 . lOOOOOE+Ol
O.IOOOOOE+Ol 0.1OOOOOE+01 0 . 100000E+01
EIGEN VALUES ARE

0.504892E+01 0.643104E+00 0.J07979E+00
EIGEN VECTORS
FIRST SECOND THIRD
0.736978E+00 -0,591004E+00 0.327991E+Q0
0.591007E+00 0, 327977E+00 -0.736982E+00
0.327985E+00 0. 736984E+QQ 0 .590999E +00
7-59
^ 7^3 9 ^ The problem-Jependent data. to be used in Progra.m S*Fa-nd resuíís are jiVen.
DIMENSION D(4,4),E(4,4)
DATA D/4,f-2,,6.f4.,-2.~v 2 • /~ 1 •', 3ví & • t “ 1•# 2 2v |T3V »4 «T#3 • /í3 •1 4b •f
EIGENVALUE SOLUTlúN Bí JACOBI METHÜD
GIVEN MATRIX
0. 40000 0 E +01 -0.200000E+01 U.60000QE+01
0.400000Et01
“0.200000E+01 0, 200000E +0 1 -0.100000E+01
0.300000E+01
0•600000E+01 -0.100000E+01 0•22000QE+02
0, 130000E +02
0.40Ü000E+01 0.300000E+01 0. 130000E+02
0•460000E +02
EIGEN VALUES ARE

0.525424E+02 0.173109E+02 0.346931E+01 0.177413E+00
EIGEN VECTORS
FIRST SECUND THIRD
0.123182E+00 -0.274316E+00 0. 718 788E+ 00
0 ,62683 4E +00 0,407039E-01 0.167114E+00
-0.614583E+00 0. 769873E+00 0.407591E+00
-O.851753E+00 -0.316805E+00 -0.895647E-01
O,903902E+00 0,413933E+00 0.725754E-01
-0.797051£-01
7-60
^ XTê maín j3rogra.m u/h'cfi ca,LLs DHCOMP a.nd resuLis are giVert*
7 .4 0 )
nnnnn^
PROGRAM ? -
MAIM PROGRAM WHICH CALLS DECOMP
DIMENSION A(4,4),U(4,4)
DATA A/4.0,-2.0,6.0,4.0,-2.0,2.0,-1.0,3.0,6.0,-1.0,22.0,13.0,
2 4.0,3.0,13.0,46.0/
N= 4
CALL DECOMP (A,U,N)
WRITE (17,10)
10 FORMAT (/,25H UPPER TRIANGULAR MATRIXS,/)
DO 30 1=1,N
WRITE (17,20) (U(I,J),J=1,N )
20 FORMAT (3E15.8)
30 CONTINUE
STUP
END
UPPER TRIANGULAR MATRIX:
0.20000000E+01-0.10000000E+01 0.30000000E +01
0.20000000E+01
0.Q0G0000QE+00 0.1000Q000E+01 0•20000000E+01
O.OOOOOOOOE+OO
O.OOOOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOOOE+OO. 0.30000000E+01
0.23333333E+01
O.OOOOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOOOE+OO
0.60461192E+01
7-61
From Es>.(7'?4), U¡,= JT = 2-236068 , u _ o^,2 _ r j . - _ 0.4472l359
* „ 12 n.. «H
«13 =
« T = ftT * 4 4 7 2 1359
^ 11= (a 2 2 - «12 = Z.+OÍ3I3 , « 2J= ± - ( & „ - ti I l « „ ) = - I-Í77ÍÍ+ I
Z Z & ^ 22,
^1 43 , ?, == ( ® 3 » - * / » - ' M a s ) = 0 - 5 5 7 0 8 C II
'2 - 2 3 60 6 8 -0 -4 4 7 2 1 3 *9 o - 4 4 7 2 / ? £ 9~ j
1-------- 1
a
2*4083/9
II
-<•*77864 I
0-55-70Í6 II
1
« 1 1 = *12 = “ ^ ( “ rz °Czz) = 0.0330 4 5 4 7 5

* 1 1
1 _
* 2 .2 =
* 2 2
^ = - ^ ( « « 3 ^ 3) = 1 -1 7 6 0 7 0 2
° < 3 3 =
1
- ¿ .7 9 5 0 5 4 7 *13 = - —- ( ^ 1 2 ^ 2 3 + W |3 * 33 ) = -0 ./2 3 7 9 6 S 7
* * 3 =
0-44721 359 0-083045475 - 0 -1 2 3 7 9 6 9 7

[u 3 _ 1 = L°C -/] = O o- 4 1*2273 8 1 -1 7 6 0 7 0 2 .
O O 1-79505 47
from Egs. (7 - 8 4) ctnj (7-<?6) >

U„ = v T = 4 4 1 4 2 135, U12. = ± J Í = L = 3*53 5 5 3 3 3 , H = íü _ 5.¿5 6 8 5 4 2
^J| «/» 13 24r#
^ 2 2 = f ^ z z - = 1 * 8 7 0 8 2 8 7 , U 2 3 = y i 2 * 13 ) = 4 * 2 7 é / 7 9 ?
*33 = ( * „ - *,3 “ ^ « y 1 = )-32724g5

'í- 4 /4 2 1 3 5 3-5355339 5 -6 5 6 8 5 4 2
M = O 1-8708237 4*2761798
O O í •9272 4 8 5
6 3 0 6 2
* " “ l4„ - 0 - 7 0 7 / 0 6 7 7 *12= - * ^ ( * 1 4 * “ ) = - |,S3
= 0 .5 3 4 5 2 2 4 7 ^ i = - f ( % 3 ^ ) = - i-iwasa*
*22 - H22 22
c<„ = -------- 0-5/887 4 4 7 * (J = - 4 - ( « , a * „ + « | J* , 3 ) = 0 .Í Í 9 4 9 3 3 I

^33
0-707/0 6 7 7 - 1-33 63 0 6 2 0-88 9 4 3 9 3 / ‘
M " 1= K -;l = O 0 .5 3 4 5 2 .2 4 7 - , . f8599 ? 8
O o. 5/ 8 8 7 4 4 7
7-62
0 0“ ”3 0 0 0 “
4 -2
2 -13 0 0 2 0 0
1—1
tn
JL
11
[* > * 0 0 1 0
0 -l
2 -i
0 -10 1_ - 0 0 0 1_
Ej- 0 * 4 ) g ív es, for IA 1 l ■ 0 3 *
z •1 0 0
•51
1— 1
0 (•4*421 -0*7o7/07 0 i?
1!
0 0 1.22474 -0* 316497

_o 0 0 0-577 350 _
E > .( 7 . 8 6 ) 91ves
r 0.5 0.35355338 0 .2 0 4 1 2 4 *4 0.28*67510"
[u l‘ 1= 0 0-70710677 0*40824828 0 .5 7 7 3 ^ 0 2 0 i
O O o.-8f649655 |. 15 4700 4 J?
o o o (.73 2050 7
stcLn4ard et'gen f>roklem ÍS [^ 1 y = a y
Luyere
[ b T = ( M ' 1 ) t d » : I v l 1
0*75 o-530330o£ 0*30618520 0*43301266'

m 0*5303 3 00 6 l*3749939 0*73 3 85662 1*1226827
~k 0*30 6 (8 6 2 0 0*7938 5 6 6 2 <* í2 5 |. 5 3 0 9 8 9 9
0*433012 6 6 f *1226 82 7 I* 590 9 899 5*2499990
X=
cu-id = Cu] x
7-63
From Eg.(7. 84)>
, ,-- , ^(2 _ 20 _ Oj ,3 “ Ü =- 6
v lí= Já^ , = 'fii - 4 . ^ - 4 “ l,_ ~ 7 7 ' 4
«»= ^ t z /2 = (8 9 - 2 5 ) ^ = 8
"23= ^ ^ 3 - Í(- S O - C - 0 (- 0 ) = -'O

^33= (<*33 “ ^3 - = (¿80 - 36- IOo)/z=|2
,T
r4 -5 -6 "
Untk
1= 0 3 -10
- 0 0 12
7-64
% Éx7_45.m
» A = [3 -2 0; -2 5 -3; Ó -1 1]
A =
3 -2 0
-2 5 -3
O -1 1
» [V, D] = eig(A)
V =
-0.4765 -0.8962 0.4154
0.8656 -0.3444 0.5950
-0.1537 0.2797 0.6880
D=
6.6334 0 0
0 2.2315 0
0 0 0.1351
% E x7_46.m i
» a = L-5 2 1 ; 1 -9 -1 ; 2 -1 7]
A =
t5 2 1
1 -9 -1
2 - 1 7
» [V, D] = eig(A)
V =
-0.0723 -0.9572 0.4172
0.0570 -0.2514 -0.9027
-0.9958 0.1431 -0.1048
D=
7.2024 0 0
0 -4.6241 0
0 0 -9.5783
7-65
% Results of Ex 7 47
| » pr'ogram9
Eigenvalue solution by Jacobi Method
@
Given matrix
2 . 50000000e+000 - 1 .0 0 000000e+000 0 .00000000e+000
-1.00000000e+000 5 . 00000000e+000 -1.41421356e+000
0 . 00000000e+000 - 1 . 41421356e+000 1. OOOOOOOQe+OOl
Eigen valúes are

1.03806779e+0Ól 5 . 00000000e+000 2 .11932209e+000
Eigen vacto'rs are

F ir st Second Third
3:29649826 e -002 3 . 59210604e-001 9.3267414Oe-001
- 2 .59786425e-001 - 8 . 98026512e-001 3. 55 048443e - 001
9 . 65103271e-001 -2.5400 0247e - 001 6 . 371461Q4e-002
% Results o f Ex7 48
1 » programlO-
Solution o f eigenvalue problem by
© matrix ite r a tio n method
Natural frequencies :
- 4 . 450417e-001 1 . 246977e+000 1 . 801938e+000
Mode shapes (Columnwise):
1 . 000000e+000 1 . 000000e+000 1 . 000000e+000

8 . 019379e-001 - 5 . 549503e-001 - 2 . 246941e+000
4 . 450421e-001 - 1 . 246987e+000 1 . 801867e+000
% Results o f Ex 7_49'
» program ll
Upper trian gu lar matrix [U ]:
2. 000000e+000 -1.000000e+000 0 *000000e+000
0. 000000e+000 1.414214e+000 - 7 . 071068e-001
0. OOQOOOe+OQO 0 . 000000e+000 1.224745e+000
0. 000000e+000 0 . 000000e+000 0. 000000e+000
Inverse o f the upper tria n gu lar matrix:
5 .000000e-001 3 .535534e-001 2 . 041241e-001
0. 000000e+000 7 . 071068e-001 4 . 082483e-001
0. 000000e+000 0. 000000e+000 8 .164966e-001
0. 000000e+000 0. 000000e+000 0 .000000e+000
Matrix [UMU] = [UTI] [M] [ÜI] :
7 . 500000e-0Ql 5 .303301e-001 3 . 061862e-001
5 . 303301e-001 1 .375000e+000 7.938566e-001
3 . 061862e-001 7 .938566e-001 1 .125000e+000
4 . 330127e-001 1 .122683e+000 1.590990e+000
Eigenvalues:
6 . 231904e+000 1 .431905e+000 5 . 000000e-001 3 . 361911e-001
Eigenvectors(Colum nwise):
4 . 804506e-001 - 4 . 370337e-001 2 . 672613e-001 - 8 . 209847e-002
8 . 452583e-001 - 4 . 162514e-001 - 2 . 672612e-001 2 . 021007e-001
1 . 303605e+000 2 . 067115e-001 -2,672612e-001 - 4 . 318039e-001
1 . 552770e+000 6 .853100e-001 2 . 672613e-001 2 . 186930e-001
7-66
¡'Results o f Ex7 50
***********71»»-. .._****
Please input N:
3
Pleáse input matrix D ro w by row:
2 2 2
2 5 5
2 5 12
EIGENVALUE SOLUTION BY JACOBI METHOD
G I V E N MATRIX
2.000000 2.000000 2.000000
2.000000 5.000000 5/000000
2.000000 5.000000 12.000000
E I G E N VALUES ARE
15.15868265 2.87890731 0.962.41005
E I G E N VECTORS
FIRST SECOND THIRD
0.20164232 -0.49011982 0.84801117
0.46419929 -0.71456420 0.52337082
0.86247284 0.49917989 0.08342689
7-67
R e s u lt s o f Ex7_5 1
******************************
Please input ND:

3
Please input BK matrix row by row:
10 -4 0
-4 6 -2
0-2 2
Please input BM matrix row by row:
3 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 1
UPPER TRIANGULAR MATRIX [U]:
3.16227766 -1.26491106 C.00000000

0.00000000 2.09761770 . -C .95346259
0.00000000 0.00000000 1 .04446594
INVERSE OF THE UPPER TRIANGULAR MATRIX, [UI],
0.31622777 0.19069252 0 .17407766
0.00000000 0.47673129 0 .43519414
0.00000000 0.00000000 0 .95742711
MATRIX [UMU] = [UTI] [M ] [UI]:
0.30000000 0.18090681 0 .16514456

0.18090681 0.56363636 0 .51452725
0.16514456 0.51452725 1 .38636364
EIGENVALUES:
1.67156962 0.38337151 0 .19505887

EIGENVECTORS (COLUMNWISE):
0.28923075 -0.23770397 0 .16281604

0.59330466 -0.12923308 -0 .21898643
0.84651373 0.42480537 0 .14007703
7 .5 2 ) £ - 0 , - 4
i L
F7 4"I 1
í = 2 m.
Bc^s.'c relcLÍíonshíp :
w í U n t 1'-*'*''1 ' * * * -
f e )
fe.)
t)e .fle .c .b i o n 0 ¿ . v « g ,S S tv», c íw e "íb I o c l J r n \ (j - •
U5¡n¡ x=i,, ( , = z-J?, o ^ í 4 = 2 ín ;
t*;' = (loo X ? . S l ) ( z - f , ) J , -f , T» g j
GEI(2.) . 7 ^ y
T*cfle.c,tion o f mass rn2 áux- 'fe rn, ^ ;
U tfiV ij x - % ,- f $ i j Ob ~ l , , i - 2_ - 4 , , J ?=2 »*n f e ) :
w ¿' = - ( ,0° * (<| + 4 ) * - a (i)C -« i+ 4 ) /
= - w 1 *'(*■-*■ - Jt , Vi ^+ 2 Jg, - 4 1 , ( e ¿
!2E r V 7
b e fle c -b to n of ma^ss rn/ c£u-t. fe fsraJ( '^ z ? '1
U S i V y . x - J ? , , 4 = 2 . , b = £ - 4 , - 4 ¿ ) « n f e ) :
( * 0 * 9 •C l)_U - 4 - 4 ) .4 . _ ( ¿ _ ¿ |_ izf _ 2 > ,

GBT(l) 1
= frft). + ^fe) fe)
I2 E X
7-69
pe¿lech‘or) of rriCLss rn2 cUe. ho Locuá rnz §. ;
USCnjJ X - ^,+ l z 3 ¿=2. a -n d b - S\ — 2 t •n ( E | ) :
» = (s ° * i ’* 0 ( ± ± z l t l í h l l í l {n - fc - i , - * ^ 2- n .+ u f j
“" i
Í E Z ( 2. )
f ff l. s ('li + 4 ' ) fz— *i~
1 , ,. ,t£I
T ofol d e fle c b io - n 0£ m ccsses m , and cu re -.
- « /+ « ■ ," = w i * .V * - * .:£ +
GE L
^ 0 . 5-i-, ( i - i , -
,Z£\ V- .............. &)

•6J^= ZO^-V- = - * ? * ! d| ( z - t l- J ¿ ) ( í t i3+ t i + t - M z
1 ........ i i ■ - ■ y
lz E L
+ C1<'^2.)(2.-1<-1*-) ( - Z.l?'—ZÍ¿ + ¿ft,j-

12 EX
Funda-mental nadrurad £ r e .f y u e n c .y is jíven
y ( r iy -f m¿ ^ ) -jj \
(vn, w * > W i w^2- ) J 2-1( z «-,*■+ W ^ J ^
lo m axim ije GS^ we can ma^ímiê C^2”-
ProMem fs i R*nd J?t i2
to max imije j! _ f -f
V Z -t iT jV W-21 J
u/here u-, and a.re given by (¿y) a^d (Eg) .
Proldem can be folved cu f o l i o uj S :
Trca-t £ aj cu fu n c J s io n <r£ d, a^d
Sef _3f — O <^nrd .fffi —O f e to )
So/ve % * . (E ,0) for i , a^J J *.
7-70
S h íffn e s ! o f on e J ir d e r (sím¡>ly ¿ ^
S u p p o rte d Lea.*n) ^ ^
ZfíEr 4 ? ( 3 o x , o 6) ( i i c S ) if
*5, = - T í - = — r------- ^ Z = 2-S7Z «-
l (3O X 12.)
*■
WÍiSre O» = ivfcí'fck <xru4 J e f t l i o f C.TOSS-Secti'on (ín ch )
of jlr d e r - Yn
-f^ = Z 4cj,= S-H+H ¿V *"
Tn^. = mCLSS of t r o Ile y = ^3gg.^ “ = 10 3*5í *?"7 ¿t- S c c / in
s ttf/n e ff of rope = -fcr = 4 J -= ^ f ?0 * " 0 = gg 175 d r

(¿o X 12?)
U jh e r e d = d i a .m e . t e r of- t h e ro(?e (ínc-k)*
m« = mas* ok iífte J I oclA - <goflQ = Z5-81W
* 3t¿.q
From sectfon ^
hatrurcLl j-r e ^ u e n c íe s -k, wi
o f a» 2. d* o » í * s<jsbe.'y\
( skown rn a-dj-íêrvt f ig u r e )
a-re g ¡Ven kg
< * l,l = ¿ Vfl|Yn2_
Here -fc, - ^ -•
and -henee e s f ' a-nA c¿tv. te ejc^?re sse Jí
í«.m ctr o n J o/ di ClrtxJ c( »
¿J,2" = 03* (& > 4 ) ; C¿1 = 03^ (o. , J ) (E0
1%egjAZJit>vn¿srdt
C*3i*'(a'-> ‘O ^ ( j ^ ^ . o j ) 2- ; CJ2 ^ J ) > ( ¡ 5 7 . O í /" CE s )
S ílic e 1500 rf?rn = 1 5 7 .0 ? ta A /s e c .-

ch o o se. a am_d d Ju e li tlia-fc tft*e rneg,uadífc«e*
are S(Z .tí$ f j'ed . ^ ■fcríai and e r r o r ¡¡> ro ce d u re Cglx\ b e used
fo r tkte purpose.
7-71
Chapter 8
Contieiious Systems
= -mo-SS deny% K =. 7 83 O ¿ 2 * {¿ 3 ^ j. - 2 4 *59 37 x/o~? *?/W>

P = 250 N , J¿= Z m
(L ) c= W /2 = ( z 4 ! s ° St x , 0- ) 2 = tóo.8«+ y *
(a ) G91 = -£-p- _ l£Q •JMg4_g. _ ijg .jg -g , ,-^ ^ /s _ 2.5.Z03I Hz
« i = 3000 (zir) rad /sec = ZL£ = IL£
© C = ( C 0 O O 7 T X 2/7T ) =
U92 - ^TTc/j? ~ 3 03i =
,2 0 0 0 Tn/s
S o 00 ttj,
C0rij.-n.al = (P /f)PZ = llo t>0 m/ s

=ne« = ( '- 2 P/j=)/Z = 1-0994 ( > £ ) !4 = I-OS54 C o r í^ W
G3^ OxT»d ¿4Í3 cm-s ¡)r\cre< 2, s e c l by S .S '4-%
f - 30 000 N , f = 2 -^/rrj
84 ^ C= { t ) ^ 2 = ( 30000A ) 1/2 = I22.-47+S ™{¿

- m e fa«en = -— = 2-4495 -3 '___ ___________________
\ At %=o : p ?]£ = m U ¡L (£,)

( 8.5 J 3* 3-fc2
V_y At * - 1 ■ P = - * W (¡=2)
Senered- s o l u b i o n ís
gjr (7í3 t ) = Wfx) . T(-t) =. 0 Coi + B íl" ^ c ^ )(p ¿oS ~h D Sin 65'^)
ÉgLL& bíonS ( E l ) CL-nJ ( E s ) J i v e :
|p ^ Sm í|2 + £ ^ <^s ^ X C ^ SmaHr)

- - m c*z ( f \ eos + B Sin (0 coi c¿b + D j'xso
t. 6 A (yh652) -f B - O (^4 )
8-1
Egs. CEz) ^ C*i)
p ( - ^ ^ 4 + toS ^ ) = - * ( A C * * ^ +B ím i^ )
A ('- Sin ^ + * eos 4 ) + B ( ^ eos + * s‘‘n ^ 7 ) = O (e ¿ )
E ftS - ( E 4 ) c u n c í ( £ 5 ) <3¡ v e irk e f r e ^ a e n e y e g u a t í o n :
( yh* 2) 0 ^ /0
= O
PQL Sifl + fc c-oS ^ jP ^9 CaS íi^L - f Sin ^ 7 )
W inickt, u.j?on sím jolíf i'cccbíoxij b e c o m e s

' p ^ - ( ^ ) ^ 2
■bar) o¿ =.
( e l » * ) * + ( j ± £ ) *
i = 2m , d- 0*5 m-rrij f - 7Soo -fc^/rn3 , 63^ = - - - - - c =
— TT
/— ó— 1 ^
C°0 «t = l(27t) rad/sec =
2 ' ' W
í-e-,
<■*"? - T (& i)
¡■e-> p ^ 1 2 4 >8oo M
(* 0 03, = s-(27T) rad/sec = = 0 J
7300
7T‘
r-e., <00 TT =
4 (75oo)
í' e- j P = 3, 120,000 N
Let »:=o l?e fíxed and * = / £ ¿e connec¿ed io ¿ke pin u/AicA

0 l a-n m ove »‘n cu £ r ic tio r \ le s s s l o b .
0 3 x
W (*) = A eos + b sin
k j ( o , 'b >
) =0 = * . W ( o ) =0 =#■ A = o
a$A
|H 0 í)= o * g (i) = * => íf A = 0 ,
#• _. ^ e - o
CoS
c c-
^ = (2 -M -t-O y ; n = 0,1,2,...
or ü > „ = f t " + 0 ^ c ; n = 0 j I, Z , ■
2. i
0 ur( * , 0 = 0 - ^ 0 ^ [c„ arf = £ p + b„ ^ 0 0 ]

wWu,
8- 2
Since u- (X) = tí’ ('XjO') = O , C?n - °
nTT x
, . ]
D* = ’ rr^ ^ T
-^ Y i* + J * • ttn
7Tcr> L 0 ^ Vi
£
n ^ 6v€^v
= ga- i - a f ° H
IT3 en3 4 n-1
(. 0 * _ p « n ¿5 rUf
%
Tr3 n 3 c
n- 1
gaJ ^ (_ i)V ■mr* nTT C t
w(x.-fc) = — — 2 L J i— ^ • 4 ¿n
TT
Tr’ c ^ n i
n = 1 ,3 , 5 , . . .
E&-(í'tí) U cz £ * _ o, W(x)
¿i
Mult^ -ífa? e^^ÍTon wfx) ¿ J ± f¿ £ i í**» o -ti JL ■
cz f V ) = - [ '[ w w ]^ .
“o <** «'o
T k ís ,$ £ v C rw 5 ‘t f c c u t ’ Ot L /< ^ T \ C3^- £3-> < X jiJ J l ij€ ^ Id A n t a ¿ ÍL a -^ <íjj-
IsxdZíyiaA or\ "t e - • % ¿§JjJzaÍZox\ k j ^ cú its ^ atC?
I= w ( ,) - w(0) j £ (0>- f 0i [ i ¡ r (x)] - J‘

SJLriCe, "ffce. ;firs¿ itjn f& vrn¿ cm "tfct fiZcj&C /txJÜL o^ ~tfccx e^jj^sí^brx
cCnjL icr Corn-TrLcrn. j^jrxjrd c > T i^ . r rn-¡-¿JL£ccrnJ? , r d/v^ \iJLst^-CjC. C¿j
ijS J L /r tf. ru L ^ o fc v C .
C ílnmcm Cujrtcl¿t¿Crr^Z (&X.CUrr-^¿L&^ *

Fñced «ir o-n-ií í W(o) = W( ^) —o
a i- e r J í : C°) - (/) = o
errti o-rr-cí oL&h : W(°) — *~ °
err^í { t-Kí A cl«^J cftfe*. ert-a5 Cucm-Yve-ofeJ t» o-> M^ycíâ :
V J ( 0 ) = o s ií w
w (!) - - 1c U / ( í )
Ax
i - 2 000 -m , j3= 8890 * ^ /m 3 , 0 < 6Pt ttf 6S^ < 20 Hz
^n= /T
¿ £V / _
Fo r < 20 (z T V ) red /see , 4JI < 4 o TT
i*e ■; P f ^ ^ o i x (zoco)
V 8890 ~~ 4 - ir
ie-> p < ?5 S<go x ío s /V
Le-¿ é h e . ferm izslU e (¿/feíd) sirers q f- f/,e m a d :e .ria ,t ê

3 0 0 Alfa/ = 3 X lo S N / tr,Z .
8-3
Assumin^ bhe cÁtajmeter o f CoJole aj o - l h i j cunea, o f
c r o s s - s e d ion \S JL (o*L}2 = o>oo~7^S 4 - ynZ ¿Ae

p e rm iS S i'L le te n sió n ( u jíth fo n d o r o f S c u fe ij o f one) «í
(?*0o7*54)(3x/o*) = 2,356, 200 M

/. T n d íd -tensión = 2*3562 x lo6 NJ
S olubíon í s ^/Ven ¿>y
oo
Sm
n= 1
WAere.
, r)TTX
"f -
<*n
d
ü
r%
j Sm ñ ¿faC (ez)
i
O
T rie m ííiCbL defl e c h t ó n ij^fx.') ís jiv e n . by
1S (*)= | lA x /^ ôr ° - x - ^ ( E.
1 3 A -(i-*yzi for i/z < * =£ i
S’u b s 'b i.'b u -'b io n of ín~bo ^ íi/ e r
-P - J u Í T ^ 33 ¿ x _. n ir x , fJ 3¿ ( I -* - ) n7T^ ^
/ U ~ r r,n T ” ^ + ^ ¡ t - Im ~ 4 j
el í J l ím "3 L a _ * i ¿t H E L J V» 3¿ J j ) / l i
=/‘ Uv x 1 j„ "Ti-"-A */j
i
2 Í. / j l s,-„ _ fj_ m üüi ? *
,£* i T iS-1 nT i / //
fyl
9k n TT
Sivi ^
yi¿ TVx
3 ti S í * , siiST
- x for ri = j , fs Y n = Z o jcr n = 3,
*TT S TT
_ _ J i 3 — jr r r vi = 5^ o ;fty n=6,-.
'r,_Z
32. T T' 5*6 TT
C7TÍ . 9JI y
íü -f'X .'t) =r _ l£ . ^ 5,Vl 7^TTX* COS —~ +-f-
^ r h Sm “ J - ^ ^
2.7Í2, a i 3 TT2-
_ t£L k fm ^ ^ ^CTrt _ _
327T2- / ^
8-4
/At t*o :
7 T X
S n Í J j
JC l i l' n 1
+ Ü L A -p — ------- h sin — —
Z T V Z i + 3 7T Z
3Z7T1 JL
5 7 T X 9
- Cí ii ' fi *l
n
£ r o .7 r i
i f
M t = j-c :
£Ü_ i- TE* _ Ü L A í.n ^ + ÜL i, lín ^

“■(*• ir) = 2 7T2- { £ ^ 3Z7T l 5oTTZ ¿2
At t = jr •
9 9 J"í l C - TT'X i » 27T * | A, TT x I 5*TT* 9
w *i = ^ - [ s,n t - * s,n i " + 1* rm ~ r " n í,n i r
At * = i _ .
At t = 4 :
í V 9 Jaf ¿ r . 7TX J 2.TT* | ¿+7T>í , I „ „ S7TX 7
^í*> I ) = í - í,n T ‘ + i Sm ~ T ~ ü s,'n X + « s‘" - ^ r /
T ¡is.se. J e J - l e c é ton shcup&s a x e sAown fc>e/ow:
x/ f
8-5
C , - VÍSCouS dcLmpmj Coe^-ficien't
8 12 1 /
- forcé/unt-i ve(oc¡by/uníi; lenyhA
( P + d ? ' ) Sin (g+ d^)- *- f(xj-b) Jx
- c, dx - p sf
Sm Q
= -fo')
Wi^ln d? = ,9 L dx a.nd Sm (0 +• dtf) s ■+” ~ dx

9x 3* 3x2
Eg, (E ’i') c^-rj be re w r tite n a¿
9
> | 2 1 )+ S ^
3x
Pvee ví^ y cutio Y) solution \S jiv'&n by
yicit ~b ^ r\cir -t i
w(X-, t ) = ¿ j,-„ ^yE. { c n eos !L£J Í +■ fm
i i
Yl= i i
W«-■tía c* = —
i j % (*)
/- \ • Yiirx
*m — f ~
j
*
a,r»d 3>h = £ _ yitt -x .

sm dx
n¿TT i
- (3 > *n = o .
d-b
zv r0 r i ^ Y) 7T X
For ■ucC*-') = ttr sin , rr 11 - 1 . 7TX
dx
r» " " T i n ----
0 ° S> "
H *l í jf
llím5 -tFe. rela-tionf
S in ( tti, + h |" ) x
J sSin
i m.-X Sfn
;,V n,x «U = Sfn K - " . ) *
2 ( T 7 7 | - V , ()
CSin
. 2 Vn.X di x = x - — • sfn 2 m . x
J 1 2 4m ,
U/e yedc -for n = f,
c ,= Ü £L f *Iín2. -ir* »U = UI
í i a-
a-nA fs r - •• ,
l
2 «OJ f Sin - ?1 f " - i ) x fin ^ ( " + 0 X
¿„ = - O
2 -E-
- 2 I2 L CTT i
W (X >0 - Sfn
1^ ^ c o i ------- ----
8 -6
G u ífo u r A -t r i n g s :
W i're otioLmefer* = d - 0 * 0 5 mrr> 9 5X16 ^

Weí^kt cUnsify = f = 76*5 te N / Yn3
Youngá m od <4t»s = E - 2 0 7 x 10^ Pa/
L e^g'H iS : O ' (S 6 nr> í o«65 m
le n s r o n in eo-ci» ^ P n 'n j = P =■ S'O o o o N
ASSüme * . ends of s f r » 'n j j o -r e j f / x - e x í ,
F u n d c x -m e n fc d f r e ^ /u e n o j; i*s
¿a. - SJT -f l A * -ZL /- n

/ "If ) a co
USínq
j3 = im a-Ss j°£ r U n ir i e n j f A o f- srriny
2
— P J ^ _\ /\ _ 7<g • 5 x / o 3 T r ^ x io 5 )
w / 1-81 ^
= 15 3 * 1170 x lo*7 K J /m
fo r tk e S p r in g Witfr ie n jik o-6o m ; E£ • 0 ) 3 ¡ves

\
„ i = /_ 5000= y jr _ _ 2 , . , 2 0 8 > ,4
V 1 5 3 . 1 1 7 0 X/o“ v 0*^0 ^
A
~ 4 - 7 é 2 d x lo
for tfce s t f i r y j IaJi'PA i .e n j 'P A /? - 0 * 6 5 noJ #0 ) JfVOS
5° — -------- - V _Z L_
\ I 5 3 . H 7 0 x lo- 7 / 0.65 " Z S 1^ 2 * 10 4
= 4-39 5 7 x/o^ Hz
8-7
TÍ* h ^ t r r . (V CC C jJ /jL U lg ~
~P~ f i S * F / -- ,„ * ) > / A'
- 3 - 0 0 8 3 X I0 £ N
i cfjj ü d fa - 1 u ^ o i- í h ^ f í t t - f = ~ - . ^ L fí. ^
= 3 Í2 . 7 ?¿v * 3 /» ,
JL
2
C = _ //~ 3
n „o
. 00S3 , ,
6 X
* 10 ] = 88 I 6 S 'm/t
3 S 2 -7 7 Z Í;
N a W J o f -ffre co_ y e f £^ s U £ (-x e J > «*«.
n c tt
^ V\ " ^ -> ** "" I J ^ •>* * '
05. = c ^ - 8g«gg TT
¿ 50 0 '■0.5572 = 0.0 8%¿8 Hz
C&2 -z 2 c jr 2 (# £ 'ó *)7 r .

' T ® M I * * ^ , 0./773Ó ^
/. ^ c p ^ frre or¡- to lo J ^ ¿ J ^ e
1o&tujee.yy cq ^ S ^ c ^ £ ¿ \ cJZ. f ¿ ~ u rc J tí,
<2. T ^ 1* e~-¿U 0^- ££¿T Ofl-We. o_>uz. ^ x e d .
8-8
u (■ * , £ ) = ^ A C aí -f B ^ )(c Co? ost + P ^ c st)
3w S ^ ^T~ ) CC Ctfí Í5t -f D ^ v n G 9 t )

9X = A ^ ^ -f
3£L ( o j b ) - o ^ ~o
9*
| S - («,* ■) = o =» _ iC.¿ A
''*
^ —
c
fC ca? a t +
v-
3> '«*> C s t) = °
Ôv> 7T
r4 _ riTrc n ir
n "" — =
*(*¿0 = £ 0,5 22LÍ [ c n c*a tui£± + d„ ^ n- ^ í ]

n =1 £ ¿ í
£ n ir x
dx
' y - jT ^<>00 ^
J>„ := “ * ¿,00 Caí n ir x cí*

V» TT r. '■'_
fa ) n (* ,¿ ) = (A Cá Í| í + B ) (c o¿ 0 3b + p ^ caé)
At x = o : M í¿ 3 = AE 2 ü
3t«- At 9X
- * , A = AE 0 B * B
At x = i : fAí dí u - _ _ ^ E 3u_ M2
9tZ 9X
-«/«»(A + ^ )= _ae«(_A b o x í^ ;
í.e £ (-09l /vi2 caí ^ _ A E f -W ^ ) = B ^ A | 0? ^ + t/M» * .
;.e ^ « ,« 6 ^ + 4 1 ® ^ .^ + < ± «il ^
TÍm'S Zs tte- e^caterL-
(*>) « ( * ,* ) = (A a ,s ^ + B if„ ^ ) ( c ? «i t í * * .» * > _ *'
At * = o , *, - - AE | £ * 8 = A . „ fei)
At * = j?,
* ?JC
=*■ * 2 (A <^5 H * + g *»» ^ ) = -A e ^ {-A *h4? + e «1 < 4 } "
S’u b s t í i u i m j (Ez) m ió ( £ 3) , u e get
c \ 69^
COÍ — -f- "fe, *2 c
A E O j\ a si
S ín
[ ( * . - ¿£-¿<9/ AE03 J J -
8-9
Henee the freftuencj egucuéfovi ís îVen ¿y
/, *|C x X . A * , *<2 c AE^ \ . Cái
* , - ) C oS + — — —7 — Sin — -
V AE< ¿ ) c V- ABC3 c /
!'& • > "bxn

03.
V fc,** c 2- - A /
(c ) ^ 4 - B crfO>¿ + P s m C j t )
M x = o, «fe -u = AE |^- B = ^ c c . ^ *=°

^ "A] E 03 O
^
, ---- (£,)
v z'
Ai x=. l 9 AE Ü H - _ Al 3 ^
3X , 3-fc2- ,
=» AE í- A ^ Sm + g _£L — )
c c x-i
= _A1 (Â 0*5 ^ -f B 5i*n Có*' fE g ) ljj.,1
S u b s tifu tín g (E ¿ ) r«to > we
A EC iS a f . esJ? „ ¿sí \ _ 2. / es i k c e i /í \
———- A -ím ^ +■ G*S ) = JVL03 a ( c ^ ^ - f sin — )
c " V c AEC3 ' r* \ C AEC3 y
f A ^ C ( 'f e - A L 65 z ) ^
■fc**. ^ = i
( A 2 E 2 íl? Z - A l G52 -fc e 2 i
= TJ-
e£ tkk. baJi ¿s fcixjiA ¿Jr X ^ o CLT-J o tta x J ^ J ~t¿ cu -mA^y M <^- x = Jl, ¿M
f w ^ r w ^ t b i Í hJL£U^Z^ _ .
* í £ = j.f7rC\ .c* ^ :? = 0’ 7 ? 5 4
¿ z lT T / ^ ' *
-AS- cun. a^^lsrtJLrrus^Lcm. i u£*- Xtnxaít ftzJbztuorvsdyJL^ Ifyí. VpJh-^5 Yr\
TcM l g-1 . Wke^ ^ - o- I , * , - O.JII3
wtam p = |-o j <*,- 0-260 2.
TK^ ^¿>¿2* y, ( p ) = ¿p = o- ¿ 0 J 9 p +. o-25o3
For * , = 0 ‘ 735-4-, tsc cutir /S = o- 73 5 4 - o-25o3 _ 0.3774= —
^ r M
.» (VlaAá iré - (A ~ _I2______ — 1. 1297 rn
0 -2 7 7 4 7
E b u c L tío n of m o ir io n fo r f r e e v íb r a iío n z _ d 2-1* Ap.N
8.19) ^ . . C 3xl ' 3 ta 1 ,;
As.ume seraratfen o f V a .C a .b le s Cn Bg. ( e , y . u (^ ^ U (* ).T (t )
so tk a -t - ca i-U r = u J^T t j_ jiy t

^ ^ X F =T “ 3- "
. . . (E4)
8-10
l e-, + 03z U(x) = o fo )
and c jfo t ) + u* T ft) = 0 fo)

a t
lo sViow -Biadr t h e co n sta n t a on th e W3 M: U n e ? sfd e o j1
E g. ( £ 2 ) ÍS • n e ^ tív e ^ u a n t í t y , w u .L * t í^ E g . ( E 3) ty l/fc )
and mire groóte w -r * t- x jV om o to / :
c 2- i* = a- f* {u (x )) d* ( B^>
(J 1 '^jsoSt’tiVe.a-lu/ccyí
Eg •( Ey ^ sh ou s tk a t a» w'dí fiave t h e s a m e St'^n a¿ th e
in t e g r a d on t t e Xej^'t sfd e -
1 = ¡'“ « ■*-
O
In te g rc^ te (E g ) t>j/ p a -r ts to je .t
r= u(Jf). M *1 - u í « ) - ^ - { —~ f
Since. U (o) = 0 j tte s e co n d ter m on th e r-h -s- o f (^ 7) w ill
3ero' /3‘ t s o > AE = _ * f o ) fe )

at n.—í • frlutti'l>lic£c.tion of ( E#^) kg k /(^ ) J iV e s
U (i) . i ^ - ( í ) = _ * ffo )j2 <o

x h ís skou/S th a d x < O and. hen ee a» < o -
In EgS. ( £ 3 ) and C th e r e ex ists an eígen ( n o r m e s í)
fu n c tio n fo r ecuch fr e fy u e .n c y (co n s ta n t) 09 . L et Uw ( * ) ¿md

Uyi('x ) d en ote th e norm al fu n c b i o n s c o r r e s fo n d in j to th e fr e q u e n c ie s
an d- G3„-3—'ce.sftsfifcivgty._______f E ? ) gfves_______________________________
C* ü f e : + uta = 0 - - f o ) ; c1 + ^ u n = o — fo ,)
dx2- 7 dx2-
M u L tíftj ( % ) ¿y Un > C O and SubbrcLot t h e r e s u itin j
£ g u a t i 'o n í one jV o m th e atfrer tb get
c‘ Un _ c *- ) U" " " = ° ^

In tegrante ( 5 /, ') r e s p e c t to * fr o m O to f to $ e.tj
O n ft e r in t e g r a d ion p e u r t s , the d e s ir e d o r t h o jo n a ^ líh y r e la tio n :
J U m (* ) U *C *) J * = O , 6 3 ^ ¿ é C J n f a z )
8-11
' s*s-
, Seir u Jo ijjJO cp-crAZnjatiLx X, aÂ xz a jí ¿A s ru m .
u«2U) Ai
“ T T
i
U , (x t , t ) = (A i OÁ + h ^ ) ( o C *f L d t +■ j> ^ cj-fc) i ii
Üt ( x 2^ ) =
‘U, ( o , t ) - O =» Al = o
+ St ^ ^ c^t-f- J> ^ ^ t)
h
i
i
+
^2
*2
i
'U, - U z (o ,ir ) =í>
A ,E , < * ü i(jp ,,t ) = A2 E2 aJ i £ : ( b , t ) = t é n s iíe fo r c é ^ c u ^ í. inri fjTS^Jn. o íu a -S

9X/ 3X2.
;.e. A|e, B, 2 . 0,5 «I. = A2e2 Bt * S2= - ^ í to» ^ i 1 . B,
/v cf C, c¿ - - AZB Z C , ci
u z(x 2> ) = bJ^ < * L a¿

~ cl +■ ^ s il ^ “ s V c o r fa t *»-«.»*)
CZ a 2e 2 c , C, c 2y ^ /
= 0 =► B( a. ü2, «£. ^Cx o í, _^ ¡ t h l m „

9 :t a ~ c2 ( c' c* A2E2c, c, C2 /
■■ v * dSn' u u , í á i . . fe,. » k = a,e, c 2

C| Cl A2 E2 c,
m, X
8 21) -Axial vibration:
nio m a ss o f r o d
,9= - ,
m e n d m ass
U s in g p = 7 6 .5 k N / m 3 fo r steel, w e fin d /
2
TT d 2 ¿ P _ _7T 5 76.5 (1 0 3)
mo — ( 1) = 1 5.3 11 7 k g
4 100 9.81
nio 15.3117
= 0.1531
m 100
F r o m T a b l e 8 .1 , th e v a lu é o f fo r /? = 0 .15 31 (u sin g lin e a r in te r p o la tio n b e tw e e n
—— v a lú e s -o £ -/ 2- = _ 0 . 1 _a n d /? = 1 . 0 ) is: ____________________________
a x = 0 .6 0 9 9 (0 .1 5 3 1 ) + 0 .2 5 0 3 = 0 .3 4 3 7
W, = 03437 ^ ^ 207 (iq9) f 9*81)
( b ) T o r s io n a l v ib r a tio n :
In th is ca se, w e u se th e resu lt o f E x a m p le 8 . 6 .
fí _ r0C* dP €
íT
w h ere J = p o la r m o m e n t o f in e rtia o f th e sh a ft:
8-12
J = — d4 = (0 .0 5 )4 = 2.4544 (1 0 “ 8) m 4
p= 7 6 5 0 0 /9 .8 1 k g / m 3 ; / = lm
j rod = (2.4 5 4 4 ( 1 0 - 8)) ^ 2 2 . ( 1 ) = 1.9140 (1 0 “ 4) k g - m !
p . 1 .9 1 4 0 ( l ¿ j l . 1-9140 (1Q- 5)
S in ce ¡3 is c ió s e t o zero, w e h a v e f r o m E x a m p le 8 . 6 ,
C
«*«7
f —N. , _£
8.22) Consíder hadfo ifü. am j ¡í” T
h ^ ¿usa' — 1 rr o •
- - i ^
= (A +S c*s Cát+ í> ^ u t ) * :
d ( o , t ) =0 => A - o
G7 = - 5. (L , t)
8x ^ *■ ' 2 V. 2-* >
=> (5 .B c¡sA = <% . B ¿t*
c TF 2. zc
=» ^ 091 = 2.6 ¿7 _ ZC _ S j i
1C J~0OC Ct9Í <£c:
Freû-*^^ e^jMsXcari ■ c< — j2> idnUVL o¿ = M p-
1^. rocrbs a^- tticS e ^ ^ a jf c r n oJre. o (n , = / ¿ If % \
<** - ü íii. cu J *
a(x,t) = orf cant + x>„ osn-fc) CE0

n=1
9 (^ ° ) = ¿ s»'n ^ f Q = o =» C„ =. o (g Q
« =i
¿ («,0 = £ .... fEs)
0 i^ = 0Q curui henee & (X, 0^) —

■ 4 ^ =* 0 V 7 * J7T_C_
N alti>lj Eg.(E*) b Sl« ^ c “ ínFe9ro,Fe frem o fe ^ •
9 (z , t ) = 5 sr" ^ s ;"
_________________*=* W c________________________________
& (X ,-b ) = (A Caí <££: + B ^ ) ( C O r5 0 3 t -f- D ^ ¿ 9 'f c ')
9(o,fc) - O =» A = O
e (Z ,t ) = o= > W < él = o ■ t-y g . _ n lr
.: ü„ = i2Z£ = v^L / V . „ a ..i,,,*.

^ x Vu
x Bounda-r^ c o n d íir fo n s ; z
8 ‘2 4 At x= o , G3" ||- fo t) = * t l 9 fo t)+ ct ( | | ( « , * ) + ^
At X = í ’ S3- | | ( U ) = - ^ 2 a ( X t ) - ci t | | c x t ) - ¿5
8 25) = (* 075 ^ +■B ^ ^ ) C cí ^ ^ + D

6 (o / t) — o =s- a =o
¡£ (% fc )= o * c r f ü § í= o ; « t i > («- ± )- ir
*'• o™-í)tt n ? . i , Z i . . .
\ ¡fiz
e (r.,t) - (a GtS í p -i- B ^vx ^ ) (C 0*1 c s t -t- D ^ a 9 t) ( Ei )
8.26
aJ: x.=o: ¿r *!£ = g J — /P n
9-fc3- 9* - - - (£ * }
*= I ' t- _ r- n- 39
3tz 3*
E^-CE.) ^ (te*) ^ J- y A + (S £ í2 J B =0 (e+)
( e ^ ( e 3) ^ ^ i ^ ^ +GJrv>
¿êU-ir_*j "¿ÍCer dxJU>urru.nC£sr¿£'- ¿Ajl “Coí^tC¿£-^v¿5_ ;j-£. A r -C g i - 5) - -

2 ^4 (E f)
¿n ( £4 ) < e^jMtíX is ^ tfce. eôJZary
J-, C3 syq
=o
-^ --e -^-p3 ^ ^ ^ )
í-e.
J^CS* ¿£»í|¿ - f a + O Caí í£* - ^ jL =
8-14
EoujJtlan üU rndtZon : C2 § (E()
3hz
-
8.27) ° ax1
Let d Z a JL j ¿ta £ e v±kn¿¿2¿cm h> 9 (x ,t ) = X ( V ) ■ <-o% Cdt ------------- ( e { )
2» 2L
( E i) o a - u Í Ce 2) 5^ -* -f- -— ■ X = 0
S o (u ¿ i'o n ^ X (* )= A ^ T 1 + B í¿ í
c c
0 ( x =0 , t ) - o => X (X =o ) - o ^ A - o
A t fre e eÂ, G ¿T í , ir) - /Y ^ 63 1

9x
B G J- “ C^r e l to? cst- = m to O rí O - t
c c
3= d Í 2_ Í ^«c
G¿T62 C
0 f * ,t) = ^ i o C ¿ sjl * ^ í .t¿ * — • 63-fc

T“ c c
____________ g J 69_________________________________________________________
From soln'tton of broklem 8.23» r.% - 71 ^

8.28) r , , ~T
^ = 5 - /iL _ J7T o-SxtoU
9 V£ 2. V " - 7S Ó 5" - 5030*5261 r a j /s e c
L et ÍKe cunûicJr ¿jAjiícLC^tOL^ s\ tu. $¿ 3

$ ¿ ,2 rruzo-i-uAí-cí f-îcn-n ttx.
8*^^ jsoÍ¿^^Tl GV-CM-j^ííA o£ tfU ■i/wS'feuY-t LfU $03-$- •Tk£^- t^tx
¿ftrlíZóX COTU^ÍZorvS anü
e(x,o) = o » i®. ( * , o ) = a9 (Ei)
3t v 7 ~
AnÛ-Lx>X <A¿¿-j>h-C-Zsrt^ls^ of ^
eílt.t') = Cjt5 + g ^ , ^ Í ) ( C107SÍJ-t + D ^ , c^-fc) Ce2>
A? tfcz./^XS^t ¿x ¿LL^j^CêjJ aje X= O O-frA. ^l¿e. ajfc' 7C-- 9.,
d(o,-fc) =0 , =0 ( Es)
Ep 3 - (- £ 2.) a n n i - ( E-s)- £¿v¿c A = 0- y

» « CJ„Jc rnr
B ^ c ^ ^ l= o * •^- = T ‘ i "'''*>•*
c e c
e n( X'* ) = ^ TJ^ ( 0n O* + 2* /**" C£4.)
00
9 i* ,* ) = z : r c „ urf ü „t + ^ ^n-t) — ce í)
n si.3;- v
At t =0 ’ 9 ( * ,o ) = S 1 T T C„ ( E ¡)
n » 1 ,3 ,...
l£ - (x }° ) = ^ ^ “TJ" ^ ^n = í¡? Ê?)

= 1 .3 ,...
Smce 0(3c,O) = 0 , Cn — o . sfrJbz af- fE?)
7 2Li5^ ^ Ír9lsÍ£lh.C29ZxxSj -f^zs^n-L O itb 9 , OOnA tfuct
*2»X
8-15
£
S ^ "T
i iir <**
dx =' r2 ^ l <3 7T áK= ~ l i '
(j 9 íA - = 03, *
« / £~ tn ttí = V 2 T>.
*• = =P ’ * * *"= ^ * "=<‘J' "
oo YlTTX
> , '^ orl-
¿X
n = l,3 j •• •
F«^- 2* 15" y i v e s Fbe v a lú e s of /3n X -.

^7 / I
“- ^ 7 ^
H ere I E l 1 f f a . ? m , 18) / -; . ; ? x iiT '1') ) t
\/ p A Í * ) --------------------------------------- ~ í = " ° - 7 8 l ¿ f
J i y g $ o x o .o 3 x i ó J
(a») For jaín n ed - piYinecj beo.m ;
(b,¿ = TT , G3|= it2"^/ 10. “75/V) = 1073.3737 roJ/sec

- Z K , 2
C& _ = 4 63, = 4 37 3* 2 ra-d/sec
¡ ? , 3 Jl = 3TT, 633 = 3 03,= 7 2 4 0 - 3 6 3 ¿f r a J / s e c
(I,) For f/'x e d - f i 'x e j b e cun ;
ftj? = 4 .7 30541, " 2-4 " 7 7 ‘ 3 * 2 6 r a J /s e c
/$E# = 7 '$ S 3Z o 5, Cúz = G 2 3 Z * Z o z i r a j / s e c
f o t = ¡ 0 ^ 7 * 6 0 8 , C¿ 3 - 13393 • ? 4 7 4 r a J l/ s e c .
( e ) For fi'xed - f r e e ¿ e a_tn ;
l b , H = ¡ ' 8 1 5 1 0 4 J 69, = 3 2 9 .5To?í r o j /s e c
4 ° *?1> 03Z ~ 2 4 4 i • 0117raÁ/sec.

f i 3 íl = 7 *9 5 ^7 3 7 , & S 3 4 ' 7 0 3 0 r a J / s e c
(« 0 For ¿ V e e - fre e . :
/S, f = 0 , 6 3 ,= o ; = ^-7305^1, k>2 - 2 4 - 7 ?. 3 g 2 .6 ra-cf/sec
y53 X = 7 ‘? 5 3 Z 0 5 , 033 = 6 S 32 . 2o 2 3 r a j / ;e c _
ffiode s h c u ^ e s : Tê mocJe s h a n e s a ~ re jiv e n m F.<^. 8»f5

(e^ u c L -b io n s o n ly ') . ~rhey re s u b í i'n -ir h e f o IfoUSinj.
1—^ 6 3
£ *
P t'n n e d - f f n n e d R x e á - fiTceJ R 'x e d - ;fre .e Free - f r e e
8-16
B o u n d a -r y c o n c £ i t ion S cure :
At x - o ^ fix e d OnJ 4- W (o) = o — ( E ,) , J i í f r°} = o -------- (E ¿)
At * - i , free end 4 , d£w = 0 . . . ( £j) > = 0 (fy)

<*X cía;
T{ie d e fle c tio n (n o r m c a -í) fu n c t io n Ts g>Ven by
U /(x ) = C, Co* X+ C2 -ím |¡3X + C3 CtffrA (Sx -f í,n A ^3x fe )

^ rcm ufn'ck
4“ ^ )= j6 ^ - 0 ! « n ( S * + C 2 C í í f M C j o rf< | 9 * ] fe )
- (E ,) o ^ J (E f) g iv e C ,+ C3 - o fe )
^ ■ ( B z ') < ^ A (B 6 ^ & ¿*M (5 ( cz + C ^ = o C^s)
USe <4 (^ 7 ) a 'Tv£* (£ ¿ 0 Áea-cl? to
W (x) = c, Cc^ px - |Sx) + Cz p * - ^ rsk (Sx) £s)

U íe of E^. C ^ i) , (E i^ o^J ( % ) g fe lc U
C'j C GrS (3^ - f OaíA (S # ) + Cg_ j3^ -f- (S /^ ) = 0
C | ( -'Srívi f3 / “ ¿i-Cr-Á-. p 2 ) — C2 (" Coi ^3 i -h CoiA y ■=. O Ce»)

Tbe fre q u e n c y e g f^ o .t r o n c f l-n be o b ta -in e c^ ¿y S e .ttt.rig ¿ r te
c o e f /i C/ent m a Jz rix «V» f^ V o ') ojt-oI Ce m ') ^ z e .r o cuí
Co^ |3/ -f cofA f ¿rC* -f- ^í¿feA |3^

—o fea)
'ÍVn ^/f —Á<srdr £ -coi / s/ _ (SÍ
Uf’on s«*mjsli^t'ca.hiox), E^.(E\z) 'jie.lá s tbe f reg,uencg e£ ua+éu

¡ on
ay§ ftl • 0* 6 ^ = - 1 CEi3)

First four roots o f (£/?') °-'re given by
l’ 815\o¿t} p>zt= ¿f&'foo'tl j p?Sl - 1.
8-17
BouridcLry conduHo-nS O-re :
^ f c \ r -r f u _ V, ¿ IV
A ix - o ; B i ^¿f-Sí.= o - ( 0 , - f r )
A-t
A-fc X^£; íí s ^ W
£xr ¿ ! ^
£ — fBi)> EX á l^ = a — (* * )
«¿X3 ' J)^2-
£$* ( 8 - ( o $ ) $ ¡v e s
c2" r .,,f ,f' ' " ' " 1

f w, U = - TTITUT [ w* ^ ^ ^ +^ ^ ^ w/ J
0 í
At x= í, % - ( ’ e4 >) 9 »V es
w / '= o — (e o , w; % o --- ( e 7)
E q ■ C E ? ') Q i' v e s
I x wr - * w, - * - Ce í ) . El = * *¿ — í^ )
M u.ltipl'fing (£ > ) ^ U/y , (£?*) ¿y U/t* j . a.nJ. S u.(shrcuchir\y one
rom fcke o 'fe rJ we .
EX ( W - 7// U/¿ - U //" U /y) - * ( U£ - w ,- U / y ) - o — (E te )
Tki‘¿ sh o u s hkoA ffrz. r -b-S- o/ (£ 5) fc z e r o x .- í.
Ai x ^ o, Eg. ( F , ) 31 ve5 w///= o o — fe )

& . (E 2^)c)¡ves
1 ET W / - - ^ I-/ — (ffr f, BX ü / / s - * , U / / - f E „ )
(£ ,* ) ty u^/ J ty W / a a/nJ SuLhrc^chixx^ ovie
¿-rom ¿Ae o^ er ^ We ge-t:
F l ( K " W. _ v / / W;') = _ 1et ( U// w/ - W/ ^ / ) = O - - fo s )

Thi's shaws ik c J o hke. r-h-s. 5 %. ( »‘s ze ro o-ir x := O.______
<bj(o,i) - (ojt) - l¡X(H,t) = ( J?, t) = o ; t > o

3*z 3xz
U/(*-) = C , (CpS (3X-f- |3 x ) + C 2 ( o j S p X - Ccr$£ ( 3 x )
-f- C 3 ^ <^Vr» ■(■ /Servil p -f- C ^ ^ 'ÍOk p X — P X^
ct2- W _ c, p r ("- c«5 p x +■ /3x ) + ^ (3X — CcfÂ ( 3 x )

«Sx2- 2.
+ C 3 ¡i (-- J¿rx j3 X 4* -f- ^ó->n |3X — ^fóvw/l P x )
W (o) - o C, = O
á f J i (o ) - o C¿ — O
áX
Wfí) — O C3 ^ ^ÍVfr — trirJ-' P ) = 0 ""(B|)
¿--— (?.) = o C 3 (- ^ ^ + -&ÍTV&. ^ — C. [/ÍCvx p í + ) = 0 -- (¡=2)

d x1
8-18
SvfrfTr-. cj "tto . (d d jL h - rrT jjric e rrjt q -^ -f-fo. \ n sd ju .yc. <5^- C 3 cxjv-á.
Árrx ( B , ) a u n n j ( E z ) t o y t ^ L O , 'OrC <^z ) T e ^ -o jC o T L
—/'S'úvv fiH . + Arlsr-k f3 í ) _j_ //&Gv\|3Í — /§ ^ n l (3 í ) “ O
OT /^t/T-v (S í /^¿rvf» ^3 í — O
S ^ ru ce , 5^ /3 Í i= o , e g /^ t e m k o m a
/S v n . (S $-
.-. frjU m r
— O
; 09,= y2. 2- I--------- ’
v/ 7 7 ; ^ = 1»2- - "
w (o ,t) = g j f (<>,*) = l l í £ ( * , t ) = 2Ü f ( | , * ) = o j t > o

o .3 4 j oX 35 c 2- 3x 5
W (x )= C ,(c o 5 /9 x -f- C ^ / S x ) - h C2 ( c ^ / 3 x - CpS£ ( S x )
+ C3 /Sx + /3x) -f- c4 ('£¿v^ - /íw ¿ /3*)
^ - ( x ) = C, ^ ( - G ^ f S x - f - c j& (S x ) + c * /3 Z ( - c r f / 8 * - C ^ /S ^ )
^ c 3 /3 Z ( - ^ / 3 x -h c ^ / 3 z ( - •*** / 3 x - ^ÓvJv ( 3 ) t )
• ^ ■ ^ O ) - C , /3 3 C ^ (S x + £ x ) + C 2 |03 Z3 * “ P x)
x^
+ c 3 jS 3 ( ”- oxS (S x 4- ( S x ' ) h- C ^ /3 3 (- C stf p x . - csM x ( S x )
W (o ) - o => C, = o
l _ J ^ ( 'o ) = o =» C 2 = O
c2x2-
J lw .(2 ) = 0 =» C s C --^ ^ ^ - i- ^ Jx fit - )- f3^ + ^
d 3 W r £ \ _ 0 = ^ C 3 (— Car5 (Sy? -f- GaS^» ^ í ) — C¿j £ CjrS f3/? -f- ) — 0

c (x ? 1 ' --------- C£ z)
S d X ¿r^ ~{f\£* t$ jJjL^ vr\^ x - i¿x s^ JÍ' c3^ C^ G Lrrd C^ Ásr> ^£^2 •
C E j') C Lrrd ( ^ 2. ) to ^ 2^ 0 , ffcz . j^ l£ j^ jx ^ j^ ~ c^ epj¿sx$O j= rr\ C cu n t - e ct4i-£^t\xc( •
- ( - ^ / 3 Í + ^ r v l| 3 ^ )(^ C ^ / 3 Í + coS £ (3 (¿ ¿^ ¡2 / + /3 Í ) (- Caí ( S Í
4- 07^6 ( S Í ) - O
CT ^ í - ta w J v ^ í. = o
F or S i 'm Ja \ y s u j? ¡? o r ie d t e a .m , -t /> € f i r s b b h r e e . n c d z u r a i f r e f t u e r x a ’e s
8.35) îVen ty
í Er/4 ^ " ) ^ = ^ c^v^/ii*)44

J-
^ =0 , / ) (e p fA l^ y = 47T1 ( E i / f A j i ^ 2.
U3= ( f r t f ( e z / f A r p = 97TZ ( e i / ^ A / 4 ) > i
8-19
F o r s h e e l, B = 2*07 x (o m2" a j3 = 7 8 S O ^ S /m 3 3 i = í*o bi .
S e .-b b in 3 ^ > /500 Hz ^ 94-24*2 rc*J / sec = TT2- í ( ¿ - 0 7 x i ó ,,) z '\/l
W* 5e ± f/ C(?W o)ACl*>J
(a ^ -O * > 7r * ( L 2 g ! £ - ) ( ± )
°r -j- < 0*0 3^71 ( E, )
G93 < 5 o oo Hz = 3 /4 l 6 . o r a - 4 / e c - s t c 2’
■C(z ' o7 xiB" ) 1 f
L 7??o A fl) J
we ê-'t
r _
> 0*00476/7
LeE bke \>ôJm h o jv e ojr e c i o ^ n ^ u l c ^ r r e c é io n
A= , r = , M
L-C-t -^ -= 0*005 -¿<3 s'a/fci's’^ y ineûcuLibCeS (E ¡) o^d ( £ 2) .
TKen ^ 2-= o * o ^ crr ct = o* 2 4 4 ? >n
Tc^/cing = o •I m f ur c¿¡m {\cuv-e. va-âX^ ; ws ge"fc
A - tú-á = £7*0 7 4 4 9 rn 2- cen j j - J.ZZô X íO~^ >w*.
^ 'N F ro m "tê /Sd{u-2¿ar» c>£ 8*3Í, j-W /í¿n p> %.-c. O ,

836) C3 _ c+
Henee f-x ) = C n ¿ h - P n * = Cn ^ " jp "
(áfe/w-eAO/í v iJ ^ z a tu ^ n ,ô£-cíé¿m ,¿?
2 *'t£n P P ~ f A* Caí 63nt H- B n í* 5 „t)

rr= 1 7-
Xrffxest^ k eou r* \p\pzajjti ¿r. "IfvL fjiSZ¿£~ rrurdU. ,
acr(7Lj-k ) = /Sen 2 £ í- ^ A , caí 03,t -+- Sí ¿¿w 09,
£knrv¿Ljrt^ YTl^rn^v^ ¿Ti* tfe btCLrr^ i*
mfx.-fc) = El ¿ H ^ t ) _ _ 3 f £ X ^ T L i. f/l,C<rf 6S,t + B, ,«¿»

9xz X2 ^
IJ. te vinafen u Y , te ma^rn^- « ^ e j :

a Mmax I = - ^ E I V
For -í£e c^ütei/,
M I _ 2E! (■w.fx,., , >/rJ2l V - ! 2- ) _ 20*2322 N->n
n,a'x ' “ (lf l i o 1* ) \ ,00° / ~
8-20
WOO = c, C oS p x . i - cz P * + c 3 P> x + & L rJ % (2> X
J Z U/ r „ \ _ _ C | /32 C ít5/3x - C 2 /Sz -f C 3 /3Z o t ^ / S x + C 4 /3i X Ó v A / 3 x
d xz
iI^ O ) = C(/S3 ^ , S X - C 2/S5 c ^ / 3 x - f +
dx3
El (o ) = o => C, = C — (e.)
d x 2-
El d Ü Í ( o ) = -fc, W (°) =» E I Z3* ( " Cz + C4 ) + 2 ' Cc i + c 0
Js! ' ~
c* (-ei P ) + c3 C+2- 2') + ^ C ^ Z 3*) = ° --- CeO
EI = ° ^ Cz (- ¿ ¿ n p l ) + C ^ c o Z l I3 l - O * p l ) + C ^ ^ l,3 ^ = 0
--- Ce O
EX é J!L (l)= + £ U/(¿)
IX
dx
c z d - E T / S * c o ip l - *7. p l) 4 C 3(e I(5 3 ^ /S-P+EI/3 f3 ¿
- £ 2 ^ p l - J 2c o ^ jS / ) + (’ E I /3 3 a rf£ g z ^ v A /S ^ ) = o
Seifcng itPvL clítíJvrrUnQ^t ÜZL ccrefáic¿&-dts c£ C2 , c 3 <xmd C^ ¿rx

fe-A ^ fc -ZJSJLO, XúZ. Qí>t" yt"c *r>.,„i77rr, ■
- EX ! +* i f ! E l p3
_ áürt. ¡ (cotfipt-aA p%) = O

_J_.. . _ . . .... .. _ . _ 1
( - EX /53 orf pi 1 I jS3 ^z£¿n p i +■ } j~ (E l |S3 ccá & p l
—•^2 ¿ i* . p V ) í -£zfcoS/3¿ + 0 ^ / 5 / } ^ ) ! —-fí-» ^tru/i

i
B^coujJJt. c¡£ /S^mriufej , 03TxX¿c¿tA cr*-^ ‘â^- /ê¿2-^ "fe ^ ^
COTX^¿¿^Z¿rn-S czîe i
'U T C o '- t') - O , EX ¿ H ( o , t ) - O
3x2
frr , I^T _ D Qjf x = A •
E r 2ÍH. = + ÍH ¿ H . o> * = 1
ax3 2 g t 2- 2
W(x) = C , ( c r f / 3 x + Cx^ /3 X ) + c 2 (Ccr« p x -c c $ l £ *)
+ C 3 ( ¿ ¿ n (3 X 4- £ ¿ r ¿ p> x ) -f- £ X - /S X^)
\^J (o ) -O ^ c, - O
£J 2W
J £ f o ) » 0 * C2 = °
dxz 1 7
W(*) = C3 ^ (3x + p x ) + C 4 (^n/9x- £x)
8-21
á^ 0*) = /3 c 3 ( c r f Cpífc p * ) + p c 4 ( c o * p x - C i^ / S x )
ii^ f x )= a 3 c , ( - o ? f3 * + ¡3 x )- p 3 C 4 ( otS ¡ 3 x + c * r f / 3 * 0
=*> c 3 (ürf ^ -f- pA ) + c (krf §£ - cosA. g i ) = o

v2 1 (B,)
E I0 (i) =- ^ 2 W({) *
e r g 3 [Jc? C- & -h c c * í & ? ) - c4 (cp5 ^ £*)] =
- c / [ c 3 0*'n ^ r) + c4 ^ ) 1 —“f t )
í e’ rx o£ & + R*. <^#6 ^ = o
R, (_ CoS s i + \ ¿ tU fe L ) +■ f*2 ( < ^ ^ + A g l ) = O
r 1 = c3 + c 4 , r 2= s - c4 , * = .
z e i jS
B^ SeJt&ruzj fP& Cjytîc^Jirr^' xru3$5tJLK ít£. R, curru=$ R2. "fe
zjC oAfcu^ eg^cz-fem •
CoS g i . ( a # A + ^ /StrJ. £ - ) - + ■ ^ -f- A /SLXrt 4 ) -
cr X (-feAt^L @A * t r , £^ ) = 2.
For C 0 r \ '¿ e s n ¿ z r n ~ C ¿ ~ , ^ t> iz ó v
8 .3 9 ' Ccr^cL¿ri¿¿tZ%
* * X, -<2 r°-* ✓S'íumyn .
T
-»fs-
<
-j3^ g ^2 /ír<rw X j -(■ C j ^ X | -{- ,'5'órvA g X f
= -C , ñ /S x , + c z jS 075 j S x , + c 5 (S / 3 x , - f C4 p o rf£ (3 x
J.X)
W, ( o ) = 0 ^ Cj -f- C3 = O i C, = —C3
(o ) = O ^ C2 + ^4 —0 ' C2 = ~ ^4-
c£Xi
U/,(x,)= C3 (cctfA/sx, - Grf g x , ) -f- C4 ( 4¿ u px, - /3x,)
W ,(jf) = 0 =^> c 3 = - C, r ^ Pf ." ^ Z3 '* \

7 4 l CoS f 3 i - /S i /
W|(*¿) = Cj r ( t e o Á f i x , - S¿n / /ten P% - ¿¿rJ, |6Í \(rî á z r coS/S*,)]

\ o * p l- coUpZ J y -..-(í)
W zCx 2 ) = C , Coí (3 x 2 -j- C2 /3 x 2 c^' ^ X2
8-22
2" O l) = “ C! ^ ^ ^2 ■
+
■*-2. P X.£-j- C^ |S /^W-A ~(~ ^-a f ^ ^2.
dX-z
Wz( o ) = o =»* c f = - Cj
^^2. ( 0) = O =^ C2- = — C4
£flXZ ftU p X - /^ \
ia/2( Z ) = o = » cJ = - c ¿ f - l C£7s (3/( _ 03^ (sje J
W1(x 2.-)= e l [O * "^ ( i x z - /ÍZr, p x z) - (■**’ ' l3^ VtoSK /3x2- c^J/3x.z)7
y ^ ' v Cb S p l- c^(3J? / _________ ____(e2) J
U í í l f x , = J?) = - — (**=*) 9íves

ÍX| ^ c?X2
< < [ c « * ■ » » ^ > - E i r f S i r ^ > ]
+ c ' j > r f ( 3Í - c*5 (3,2) - S tC '.p l- &~M |3l y ^ jj. e J i+ ^ a ) l \ 7 = 0

V c>5 (3,2 _ ,3* ' r — (E,)
0 - (* • = * )= ~ *> * íver
+ c l [(¿£jp£+x£* p X ) - ?*■ - ^ |S^ \ / - ^ «^4- ~1 = o

l d / t f - C rfi p l ) V ___ (e )
SínCe t lie cU fo io ^ n o ^ J: ^ ffc. c j^ -^ L O ji^ h ofc c4 a-ni c ' ^
(E3) Ce4 ) ^ ^ te ca < ^ L u J h ^
C^ cunA C^ *** (£ 3') £2j^ 0=4") * “fk¿8 £lco¿5 to -fe.
Q^jj-aJüicrr^S
Coi pJL CP& pZ = i
OStA ifc¿UY<- p l =• ía-orv-A p $.
G e n e r a l fr e e v ib r a -b ie n A o lu tio r t o f cu A im p ly .¿ u p fS lt x J i b ex x m X¡s
CX3
-U-(x,t) = 2 ; -4*» íZ Z ^ orf 63n^ + gn^rn t^nt )
n~ i. A»
fit t=o, | W (0tjO ) = o e i 3^ M = Í o
TÍ1US I : 3„ ¿in ^ =0 ¿l Bn = o
n= 1 1
E l f = £ (E .)
vn=t
8-23
A7i i $ E<^ . E (^ síun )T*~^-— Ojwd Ay\^Zx^LG^¿-r^ f ^íOTn O to X
1)€ cÁiai^
A„= e — -----
j~ fí fT Â.-„ I^ B
Z </„ J„ _ 22 ¿i 4 fa
J* =
x n*--^ ^ ¿ W fe &f e F- v
r ± - arf wifS
'
EX yiff TT
+ 6 l4
> n = fe 5, —
EX nr 7Tr
'■■SíCuítonií w ( Xj-b)= 4 Í ° ¿ + f c*5 O. *
__________________________ ^ 5 e i n=i.¿-. ____________
X \2
t«t w „ , f,()-
N* í ' E I (0 ) ' J- - ^ í ' - ( f . ) ' (* ■ ^
D = f ^ f A {W(x) } 2 dx = f_Li j^x. ( i - j "^4 dx _ / ¿ol
2._ _W_ ^ 4EXp (?o) ^ ,20 EIo

D "
i*(fAol) f A 0 Jl +
O ~ J7ZZ f d o \ 1/2
{ f A* 1+
(oj) ^jju^íXcm r*ió(¿eri fuf Q> u>vti^T/m Xrecuw a
8.42) í^"ttT / \
E I f e = ffe*> - J= A a^ r -— fe)
^■et (■%, i:) — V/^ TnC^) táhsüvL U/n(x)=. rí^ nciVmXL? rrurJjL
ÍAc Is&usrt-A-ayo^ CoTTttuÉZZrrV? am-íX ”"tí\£. OTl
El 0 = o ? „ V A W" » n - 1 .1 . . . . (fe)
£g.(E,') becom es fcr tb e a ,s s u .m e d ¿o ía -tio n ,
e f *=1
e Fdx*
r T" ( t ) = f o > - f c ) _ j > A sn=1
v „ c * ) f e - ^d t — fe )
u b i c b , ín v ie w of ( E z ^) , b ecom es ^
£: ^ wn^ ) t „ o ) = - i . f f x . t ) _ 2 1k m t j f — fe)
n s i ^ 0=1
Alai' t i f l y í n j Ej. (£ 4:) W ^x') aA\-d Á^Xéj^zaXlrvsj fro m o io J¡? , wc
7 ¡ ? + T - - ¿ h - F- “ > — - ^
F„(4 ) = / f e x .t ) WnCO ¿x --------f e )
o
Motre. ifejfc" t f o . ¿ltíEo^XjrnxoA ¿k^ of- ndXvn-cd- Tri&-chu, Y\GUrrdd-tj )
8-24
J* WwO ) U/W(x) cíx = ° 3
.^2 m n
Áí >Cvu (^£5^* "rk¿. Aótujtzcyn Eg^. (E ^ C-CU-n ü?elSu£$¿srt <
2^
r„ C-t) = A„ cpS G3nt + B„ ^ c*„t + ^ (r) ^ (3n£t_r) Jr

where A„ a«J B„ oíia c a - m h v r Jx fe ^ c|¿feSWAjJ (et)
from mitfo-L conjffions. tK^í -/fe fefei ,53LÍ&m. ic
£xî£¿£*J. a¿
ur (* ,t ) = £ [Ari ^ + Bn ^ 45" fc + ^ Ü T Í0 F" ^ '**’’ 03n (t - í ' ) ‘1^ ] W/ ’t>

Tl = i " ----------- (E s )
pOT O '^"rr^ % IfZJZsm .,
W*(*) = «p .
TTTTa>
F or ^ rven H sm C U r^ , ( E g ') k ecan ^ F* (■£■) = F0 ^ /5-¿-n ( ¿ t
HehCfi (E7') ¿ecarrui^

/^¿Yl _ (£ ) ./i¿n w |
TnCt') = - 1 ^ 4 " •**’
EIT+ / Ltl (-ZT)
‘W&eJlZ
(Q^ — ^ 2_ —--- — ■ÛyYLcL^-rr^îaX ^fl£í£JjJLr-n£¿j (3^ “ífe- XsCO-rc*.
T h ic Z ik íL ££u u A fV L ^ x y y ^ ^ o f - “f e fa ja .™ ¿3
^F0 1 :
„■■ ( - y ) nTTX /irCw G$-b
7T4- E X
l ” ‘ (S r )‘
_ * ( % ) ? ' I 3 03 . n ir x 2 / q 4-
¿-t
« • (T ) ^ n 63( tT
7 r4 e r Y\-i
" ‘ ( ”+ - ís r :)
D e r iv a c ió n of E^.(e5) : ^
If -ifuicur de;fW ma.-kior> fs êro a M= El ~““7

f 8•13 i) “fe* 9V _ _ f A - — j_ z
9)C ' 9t z
Eg. =£¡- 3/Y) __ y — j31 ^ 9 Z /V1 gv
= i 71
9X- 9 tz 3x‘ 3*- a x ^ a t 2-
'Z^'lxX
or dí /V1
+. frtA
A 3l W
L g - f = /I
at1
3x: a*. 3t
or ET ^ + fA t g . - J3* - f =o (E -l)
3x4 *fc a x ^ a t 2-
1>e^.vaÍ¿ór» ^ C5®) ;
Eg.(E.l) L e co rr*¿, bor - ¡- - o .
8-25
/A ax+ ' B t1 A 2 x Z2-tZ
tiT(Xjir) = C Ofí 09nt , E%. (^ -2) become
_ £T
r * (^ )V -o 0Í‘
' /A
..2 - r_
'■■•■ «L* . '‘ ‘ Í T ) 4 _ « '" * * * A
■* r‘ ( 2 p ) ‘ í4 (» + " >1,* r ‘ )
. ]p e n v a -tc
Using (E-l) oa-J CE‘ 2 ) » ^ ’3) ° yY^ CB-4) be. u rih éen
~ 4eAG ( t t " S O + f = J = A
or _ aV f _ /A aNg Cb . s )
5 X 2- -k-AG ^ AG 3 tz
O 0 - ^ ! ( í - g ) = O
(£•£)
- « & ( £ ) - * « £ + **S
•SôdvíjfofetJÍZt:jn ( E •5 ) ) Jiv e s
BT d U j + _EX_ 2 ^ £ _ c/AEr . pA Ce-7)
ax4- -feAS ax2- *,*£ Íx ^ t1 r J Zt2-
Jf f = o, ( E .7 ) t e c o - .e s E i l í s r + ^ 2 ^ _ £ f f j ^ =( (E.8)
J a*+ at2-
p e r i v c i h 'o n of (E g ) •
Wctln ts fa t) - c sm 22E* 0 9 „t , ( E .j) g iv e s
, C¿Z rv* TT*4

65. = __________________________________________
i 4 f ± + J —■I 1 J2Í Z 1 )
V H.G l* )
f’ltxltTjiiy . (8'83") by W(^) o-mÁ /y^Zc^ca-tí from o "fe J7 :
^ f l W fO ^ = í £ [ w w ] 2 -/*
O C L -J
TîS skoc*/£ -tb o jt tfie Si^n of 69 2 u/iíí i>e ia m f tfcastr of -bUe

{.e ft í>fl.nd 4:J e term . X n t e j r a - b i n j -th e fcft -k c^ J l ¿¿JU. ex^^í-S-cbri
U. ux. %¿t o í
j ^ w - w w | x - £ s ? « - i £ H 0 + í [ 0 ( ‘ > ] = > * ^
For ccrrr^m om b v v jv y A o Jru j ü m ítfcn vS , tê Í-V st fc-o fe w ? ¿n CE|>>
wd( be -zero, o_nd (E ,) wílf be j?0 s í t í v e - I4ence G32, ís joosítíve.

C om m on bou n d ar^ condítons:
S ím p ly ✓ S u ^ fo r t e d end: W (x) = i p l = o
Rxed end: W (x) - dW_ _ 0

dx
Free end : d^W. ^ } _ j 3uy _ Q
^ __________________________________________
g ^ A E q u a tio n o f m o tio n :
El + pA = F 0 sin c j t (1)
dx4 d t2
F o r s te a d y s ta te resp on se, w e a ssu m e th e p a rtic u la r s o lu tio n as
w ( x ,t ) = W ( x ) sin u t (2)
S u b s t it u t io n o f E q . (2) in to (1 ) gives
_£o_
dx4 c2 p A c2
,
where c2 = — — f(4)
,<\
P A
T h e c o m p le t e s o lu tio n o f E q . (3 ) ca n b e w r itte n as
F
W ( x ) = 0 ! cos ¡3 x + C 2 sin /? x + C 3 co s h /? x - f C 4 sin h /? x (5 )
pA c
w h e re [P = ( 6)
c¿
T h e b o u n d a r y c o n d itio n s fo r a s im p ly s u p p o r te d b e a m are
W (x = 0 ) = 0 (7)
g w . ( 8)
W (x = ¿ ) = 0 (9)
( 10 )
E q u a tio n s (7) a n d (5) give:
Ci + C3 T~T = 0 (11)
p A cz
8-27
Equations (8) and (5) yield:
~ Ci f í2 + C3 f í2 —0 or Ci — Cj (12 )
E q s. (1 1 ) a n d (1 2 ) p ro v id e :
Ci — C , — (13 )
2pA c'
E qs. (9 ) a n d (5 ) give:
Fo co s f) £ + c o s h (3 € _ ^ j
C 2 sin ¡3 £ + C 4 sin h ¡3 £ = — „ (14)
pA c
E qs. (1 0 ) a n d (5 ) y ie ld :
— C 2 sin /3 £ + C 4 sin h (3 £ = — F ° - ñ- feos ¡3 € — c o s h (3 A (15 )

2 p A c 1 '
S o lu tio n o f E q s. (14 ) a n d (1 5 ) gives:
F0 F fí f
C. = (1 - co sh (3 ^— 5- ta n h — - (16 )
2 p A c 2 sin h /3 € 2 p A c *
Co = - (1 — co s (3 € ) = ------- --— — ta n ^ ^ (17 )

2 p A c 2 sin. (3 € 2 p A c‘
T h u s th e c o m p le te s o lu tio n b e co m e s
F0
w( x ,t ) = T- [ic o s P x + c o s h 13x ) + t a n — sin /? x
2pA B€
— ta n h —— sin h B x — 2 ] sin c j t
2 J
= me c jZ sin c á t
1 p
— *" *
« --------- i -....y 1
1000 tg% % ™ , z
u = --------- (2 7r) = 104.72 r a d /s e c . <------------------------- i ------ ?
60 '
F ( t ) = m e w 2 s i n w t = (0 .5 ) (1 0 4 .7 2 2) sin 104.72 t = F 0 sin cu t (1)

w here F 0 = 5 48 3.1392 N ; co = 104.72 r a d /s e c
S te a d y sta te resp on se o f th e b e a m ca n b e e xp ressed as:
w ( x ,t ) = £ W a (x ) ^ ( t ) (2)
w h e r e th e n orm a l m o d e s, W n(x ), a re g iv e n b y (see F ig . 8 .1 5 ):
W n(x ) = sin h (3n x — sin f3n x + a n |cosh /?n x — co s ¡3n x j (3)
8-28
sinh ¡3 n £ — sin /3n €
and = «
co s (3n £ — co s h p n €
T h e g e n e r a liz e d fo rcé , Q n (t), ca n b e exp ressed as:
e £
Q n W = / f ( x ,t ) W n(x ) d x = F 0 W n( — ) s in w t (5)
o ¿
T h e s t e a d y sta te valú es o f th e g en e ra liz e d co o r d in a te s, a re g iv e n b y E q . (8.117):
t
q * (t ) = / Q n (r ) sin wn (t - t) dT
P A b 0
F o W a (| -) t
— f sin cj r sin (t — r ) dr (6)
p A € con g
€
where b = f W^fx) dx = £ (7)
T h e in te g ra l o f E q .’ ( 6) ca n b e e v a lu a te d as:
t
J sin cj r sin ujn t co s wn r — co s 0J n t s in cun rj- d r
= sin u n t f‘ —
i sin 2 r d r — co s cjü t f‘ —
i (1 — co s 2 cjn r ) d r
sin wn t t co s cjü t
(8)
T h u s q n (t) ca n b e exp ressed as

£
Fo W n(—) ( g.n ^ cog ^ £
%(t) =
p A. € ü ju 2
1 8.2771 W n( — )
2 sin cun t — t c o s cou t (9)
ÜJr,
T h e s t e a d y s ta te resp on se o f E q . (2 ) ca n b e exp ressed as
w ( x ,t ) = 1 8.2771
co
¿¡
w4 > W n (x ) jsin üju t — t cos üju tj m (10)
n—1 ÜJr,
-o.i t
8 .4 8 ) S te a d y s ta te d isp la ce m e n t o f th e b e a m F (- í) = (oo e n
2 cm di'a , .
c a n b e exp ressed as
i _________
w ( x ,t ) = 2 W n(x) q a (t) (1) t

i m
n—1 -1
w h e r e th e n o rm a l m o d e s, W n (x ), are g iv e n b y (see F ig . 8 .1 5 )
8-29
W n (x ) = Cn Jsin (3 n x - sin h /?a x — (eos ¡3 n x - cosh /?n x)| (2)
sin /?a ^ + sinh /?a €

«a = (3)
eos /9n / + co sh /?n C
a n d th e g e n e r a liz e d co o r d in a te s , q ^ ft), are g iv e n b y
+ O,2 q n (t) = QnW (5)
e
w here Q n(t) = / f ( x ,t ) W n(x ) d x = F (t ) W a (<?) (6)
o
T h e s te a d y s ta te s o lu tio n o f E q . (5) is g iv e n b y
i t
(7)
= a k ,; - / sin Wn ^ ~ ^ dT
e
w h e re b = f W j( x ) dx = £ (8)
t
/ Q n (r ) sin (* — 0 d r = 100 W a ( 0 / e 01 r sin (* — t ) d r
o t —r = 0
o
= — 100 W n( ¿ ) e ” 0 1 1 f e 0,1 ^ “ r) sin ajn (t — r ) ( — d r ) (9)
t —r =* t
U sin g th e fo r m u la
.a x (10)
f e a x sin b x d x = a sin b x — b eos b x
a2 + V
E q . (9 ) ca n b e e v a lu a te d t o o b ta in
100 W a ( ¿ )
«JnW = p A ío jR (w| + 0,01) 04 e 0-14 + 0 .1 sin 04 t — 04 coa 04 t (11)
U sin g p = 7 5 0 0 k g / m 3 , / = l m , A = — ( 0 . 02 2) = 3.1416 (1 0 4) m 2 , E q . (1 1 ) ca n be
4
w r itte n as
4 2 .4 4 1 2 W M ) í _ n1f
q n (t) = ------ — --------------- 10 4 e UI + 0.1 sin 0 4 t - 0 4 coa 0 4 t (12)
04 (w| + 0 .0 1 ) {
T h e to ta l s t e a d y sta te s o lu tio n ca n b e fo u n d fr o m E q . (1).
T h e s o lu tio n is assu m ed as
wM ) = S w s(x) <b(t) (i)

n=l
w h e r e th e n o r m a l m o d e s o f a ca n tile v e r b e a m are given b y (F ig . 8 .1 5 ):
8-30
MC-fc)
m (*)= m
Mí
*
:--------- L ,
W n(x ) = sin /?n x — sin h /?n x —(co s /3n x— c o s h /3n x ) (2)
sin /3n ^ + sinh (3n £

Oír, = (3)
co s (3U ^ + co sh /3n £
w íiere /9a / a re g iv en b y t h e fr e q u e n c y eq u a tion :
co s /?n ^ co sh /?n ¿ = — 1 (4)
T h e g e n e r a liz e d fo r c é Q n (t ) g iv e n b y E q . (8 .1 1 5 ) b eco m e s
dW r, .
Q n (t)= M o x=t (5)
dx
w h ere
dW r
1 1 - e = A l (=03 & e - cosh /3n ( ) + a n P n (sin /? „ ¿ + s in h /? „ ( ) ( 6)
dx
T h e s te a d y s ta te resp on se o f t h e b e a m is given b y E q . (1) w it h
l t
ÔO = PrnA.rTD T
UJR /q sin ^ - r) d7
dW n ‘
Mq /s m w n (t — t ) dr P)
p A b u)n dx
w h ere b = J W a (x) dx = £ (8)

o
N o tin g th a t
[ sin ojn ( t — r ) d r = — (1 — co s con t ) (9)
E q . (7 ) ca n b e w r itte n as
Mq dW n .
(10)
u t) = 71714
i ------ M
w ( x ,t ) = W ( x ) sin u t ( 1)
w h ere W ( x ) = C x cos /? x + C 2 sin /? x + C 3 co sh /? x + C 4 s in h ¡3 x (2)
8-31
B o u n d a r y c o n d itio n s :
w ( 0 , t) = 0 (3 )
í ( 0- ‘ ) = 0 (4 )
= A t)= 0 (5 )
e i |¡^r(x = ^ t) = m ' ^ r ( x = ',?> *) (6)
E q . (2 ) gives:
dW
= - / 9 C j sin ¡3 x (3 C 2 eos ¡3 x (3 C 3 s in h /? x + /? C 4 co sh [3 x (7 )
dx
d 2W
— C x co s £ x — C 2 sin /? x + C 3 c o s h ¡3 x + C 4 sin h /? x (8)
dx2
d 3W
C x sin ¡3 x — C 2 eos ¡3 x + C 3 sin h (3 x + C 4 co s h (3 x (9 )
dx3
E q s. (2 ) a n d (3 ) give:
+ C3 —0 (10)
E q s. (2 ) a n d (4 ) le a d to :
c2 + c4 = 0 (11)
E q s . (2 ) a n d (5 ) y ie ld :
— C i co s ¡3 € — C 2 sin (3 é 1 -{• C 3 co sh ¡3 £ + C 4 sin h ¡3 £ = 0 (12)

E q s. (2 ) a n d ( 6 ) resu lt in:
C j (sin ¡3 € + k co s ¡3 £ ) - f C 2 ( — co s f } € - f k sin /? <f)

+ C 3 (sin h /? ^ + k c o s h /? + C 4 (co s h ¡3 € + k sin h ¡3 = 0 (13)
w h ere
. m cj2
k = — (14 )
E l /?3
E q s. (1 0 ) t o (1 3 ) ca n b e exp ressed in m a trix fo r m as
[A ] C = 0' (15)
w h ere
1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
[A] = — co s ¡3 £ — sin (3 € co s h (3 £ sin h (3 f¡ (16)
(sin /? £ ( — eos ¡3 £ (sin h ¡3 € (co s h ¡3 €
+ k c o s /? € ) + k sin ¡3 1 ) - f k c o s h ¡3 € ) + k s in h ¡3 € )
8-32
Cx 0
,
c2 0
C =H ■ j; 0 =■
^3 0
C4 0
By s e ttin g th e d eterm in a n t o f th e co e ffic ie n t m a trix , [A], t o ze ro , w e o b ta in th e

fr e q u e n c y e q u a tion :
!A] =0 (17)
@ -
01 P
30
V a x k x lío n ir\ 0 - direction
to rc es ir» radícd d ir e c tio n a r e ? r de a.ni P( r + J r ) de

V ertica l com porieot o f roAia.1 fo rc é s
= p ( r +d r ) J e ( ^ § . i r } _ P r d e (8= F r ( 3 £ + ¿ p' ) i r de
=. Pr ( ir de înce /3 = Í5£
^ drz r sr / I ar
F orces m í&rigervhaA iírection cure P ir cltA Pdr.
Vertical carn-^cYie^dc ¿L tsxrruzL*.*-§t£lcz¿
= p ár (<*+ Je ) - P ir <* =. f Jtr d e
' de ' ae 2.
= p. -L aüsi r d r d s c( = ± * 2 - i | 4
rz a*?2- r 30 30 r dez
G^xüfeírv.^ the. fjfic J - v e r t i c a l fo rc é "íb m aíy " t i m es c L C c e t o f r o í & r ) , w *-
Pr i r d e r l ^ ^ - L ^ h—L ¿Lhf l = p rd.de

r L3rl + r 3r rx 30i J J 3 i *.
i-e- + J_ 3ur , 1i 3^^

¿Hr
3r ir rz a©2- 3t*-
8-33
/V ¿tov=A ay o,
op\\^
«•'(/». '. f y j j ^ > ?,!= ■ *, c o
Xn ttü CsxAA. >
£" ¿¿n^<5 d \*7 5 ?^» l O fo-^
x = 4 ^ c * * »-* « * * "
V
ttCL Uz-As^ ^ X ^ t 3 - 1 ( l O O5' 7 ^ ) ~ 0 * H 2 lÍ7 S tvi
° 12 Í2.
^/C 3 = 333*3333
Q2
2-
/\ - / 2 ^ í >15 = 9 rn
/ = 5 0 0 w»
= 3 .,3-7 5 x ¿V
f A (3 3 3 . ? ? ? 3 ) ( ' 9 ) C ? 0 0 ^ )
e? . co
65, = 7T* 7 5 ^ n 5 X '<5" V = ^ ’ S 6^0 ( ° ’ ° ' ? ? lf3 y )
= 0 . 19 5s q n aU /A
2 .<------ 5
U32~ (2 7v) J 3 3 1 £ X t o 1* = o . 7 8 3 3 7 $ r * A / ¿
8-34
£n f\ B :
D&^JL-cJ£co>n tfcí bccLsv* i'S given ¡y
= x '°f«J ( Á " > c ^ W‘” t + B « <*W t )

f1 ;
‘LnÁfc
íi) / . v (‘ ) <0
x ">(*,) = c , ' ^ p « 1+
+ c 3 |S° x ( + c^° p f° X , 6 0
« W > r. , . . , t ) = 0 ^ ¿ J » , j ( ) „
E^S- f3 ) gi ve;
rU 10) + c~ - O ^«‘n O —
- <3
O* o ^ 1
* 1/ l' s „ u/ I
’+ Ct\ P ~ 0 I S/k¿ o - o
0) CO CO ÍO 0 r 1
3 * " '* í , ? i f ' > ■(“ •'?’ ■
* ' ,;k ) = c ; ° r « , » , . ~ v s )
¿ P *)- ^
0 >
+ c2 ^ XL /S'í'Vví» ^3 C~*^) | ^ Crí^ P *) = |S
8-35
Xv» /¿¡ja-*2'* B c .*
■ ^JLcSx< ^tí\ tez a* ¿¿f
WCz)0 * 2 >t ' ) - X ^ fíO ^ C , ) cí5£S6 ) í ■+ B ^ 63 *") O
rupM^
0O
^ rî / ! ) X. •+ ^ <<*• f3
x (*) c x , > C| c ^f ^ * r
t ) O O
+ C3C° cy^ p " c¿t
- o CO
dr CO A___^í¿— f%2 ^ O
E r £ í C *.- 0 = « , E ' • 3
¿Ir
1 " 4W ,
OO
crr c o
.
« , Á J L («, = » ) =o
¿ ü r < « . * o « ; - 7 7
<A*2L
Í^ J Io y v S (O 3 ¡ve
CO (2")
(2") f A-tX fi» x ,
(W cerS ^ *2 2 I
-c
(2) CO o
CO CO ¿-OyS ^
4- C (3 + C lI
re*
CO C to*)
_ cf + c f = 0 * S CO-
Czl CO OO (O
CO .
00
[ c; ° ^ - c2 ^ í 3 ** + c*
♦ ^ r*i
c,M ..
=1 O
= S - 3 6
H e n e e
. CO r fe) , (5) -v
X - C ( ( O * ^3 í t 2 4- ^3 * * )
f2m
>) r fe) . (O \ ^
_j- ^ '^ U r- ^ * 2 - ~f~ s fo rJb ^ 0^~S
A* Ir » ” 1 B , W« («.= * ) =o^ W f2) ( * a = JZ)= o , 0 0
X f i , C * ,= O - ° a ( * 2 ^ /O -O
TAe f.vsfc- efy^cJZcrr, o£ ( 13 y y.'eldíT
f e f e (3 f e - o * £ f e ^ + e f e ^ f e - t ó f e í
i*€
f e = _ c ,f o f e t f e < - ^ f ,0 a ] 0 O
y ^ p f,) ^ ^ (0 5
USÍY^) Efr- (/*/) y B<p. (S y b^CjrrrUZ^
X °V fe)= C ^ / ^ j S ' 0 *, _ c ^ | 8 f , > * (^
fc * i G (l)t . - c °r k 0 l ? \ 0) . (I) x 7
' ( f e f e f e f e f e j ^ *' p 0 0
rT ^ e ^.Cc-rvA <T^-
Eg. O ) :
Cz) (fcO (3 f° £ + C + c ^ [ & ^ p( ^ 4 ^ P Cí)0 =
¿‘•e -
CO
^ + Cg%£ ^ ^
c2 = - c
'írú-,
u?.vg e^- ( i s i j %■ ( 12.y
X C2V % ) = c,í 0 /(c«rf f 0 0 p°° «¡)
_ f \ (<fc <»*+ ^ z o ,;
V ^ p O u ^ ^ / J
C cyrJlxñjJui^ qj~ lj?0\rk & C
J X ^ (1 2 __ d X f^ ^ il a p e c o n t /'n u t h j ^ O#*)
Jx ¡ <A*
^ b e n d in j t n o m n e n f ’ CoinJ'l « u ' ^ j ) 0^}
E ^ u a íc^ (J8 *)3 í ve^ '
fi(0c , 0 ) f ' _ ( ^ f C O f - * ‘h k ^ ° l )
íc ^ ^ H - c A $ í0[ \ / , pfOjp _ wsAÍ3
V / w . ^ - ^ a ( W 7
8-38
^ C,CO I ( ~ M , p (z)X + V ji)
Y^ ^+
/ c o s f t (2) Z p (z)Z \ , ,, 7
^ 7 o*¿ I ~ o
! t *G ¿ pW X / J
O o
¿ ^ w a ÍZ ^ vi ( Í 9 ^ )
(3f ° C,f° ( c í ^ V t c w i (SC° Í )
c * p '° íl - c A C (3 0)J? v 6) ,.
t — ------------------------ 1— \ r ^ /9 ( 7 / '
•^( 30 ) y
- ^ ‘ c ^ C -e V ’ * t c ^ ( 3 ^ ^ )
l îv. |S ; ^ ^ (&f° ^ ' '

c *C>
fáÛ-frUv^ ^ —p ^ = (S ^TY fcfct b - tL c t'V ,- ( -UyU^v
to / ¿ ¡f á r * M U , € T I (° = EX 00 - e i^ ) ^ E frS -Q .o y
Cl/v-A. (2 1 J\ZjJLu~C~Z- "&>
8-39
Q 0) (M r. (i l - M U (3
- (c ^ p t_ c ^ ip H }
\ ¿¿*ñ ! - ¿ t U ñ H ) r
. co
“f c. ^ C ~~ ^ ^ ~f~ ¿£*Jn p ^
Cefi R $- ■+ \ 7
— ) ( c¿/^ 6 H -b C j& íp O r *=- o
f '¿ tU p í? / -1
c - ^ - #twí* ^) — (cc^ p / - o f^ , p $_)
í (¿ c * (3 H - (2> £ }
c (z) r ( - / W . p í t ¿ t U - ' (t r f f k
+
=o
p í ^ p,£)
& o
OsrÂ
( ¿ ¿ p ! - /SvUp j ? )
— c ^ c - c ^ p i f - c * f t p t ) f a - f t - h * u pfi) - ( ^ h _ c * r t p b ( -^ ¡3 f o ^ f O
p í -f* m x U, p í ")
T U ¡¡o y * - ^ e ir <Jx~^ u '
-fe íte j (C A liS W .w t «j -fe a ^ f á c ^ ^ Ju
C; ¿2a^c(. C j Iln ♦( / O CÔ 'fc 'yzJT-o.

í
8-40
**
O x> *
1
A* r f
irfcx CS^- i'hs- 'Í uj-o s4¡r^p&-sv-^2 cffe- ffcé fcc^xzvv.
QA B £ < f) io ¿t q^ mJL j w -e e j^ ^ S S U ^ jL d lcn r^ S
,'n tfci ÍlVC ^sêst^S Qj> jp ¡U ^ iá i ,
Ivi A B:
W Q) ( * „ -t ) = x c o f* o { ^ ° ^ £<?(U ¿ + s c® * J 0 )
iSX t;
X 0 ) Oi) = i,0 csrS (3x, + c ‘ } «i -+- C ^ c ^ p * , •+ 'Vtwí.p
'CO
Xvi BC •
wb V o ) - x‘ t « 0 { A C° ^ « CZ)Í + -3 ^ J CO
¿jJM ^
ZjjJL^ÍC
( r> ~\ C 2.") - í*‘0 » _
X ^ C ^ O - C^ ^c=4^ « 2 + C ^ ' U i ^ *¿ + C j p^z-f- 4 u U.¡2> XZ
co
C
Bo^vvv-cU^^ Cprxfiízfercrvv5 ^ /^ sC¡^ ^ £ ,
jAt X| = Op 'X ^ ~o)

eso
i x co
(* 1 = ° ) - ° co
d*
* & 2 ;> C5 } (£ 5
c í ° + C 3f° = o ^ c / ’O - C)CO C¡ 0
0 ° + 0 ° = ° or r co- -GO
8-41
Iyy v,e^- cr[y (7 ) 0 ^ 4 Q s ') } E ^ -C O te o m ií
X COC’ (0 - C,0 ) (" ¿^S(S *1 - c<M (3 * 1}
-t c 0 ^ ^ v0 c*?
JX^l^Czlc^Zíty» ¿ai" jo o 1*rt £" ^ ( a , = , £ ) ¿s 5 ^ ° '
x c' > 0 1 = O ^ c f»> ^ p /
+■ c 2C° c ) =■ 0
<’•£ ^ co O) ^ |g ^ / A (,* )
c_z = - c, —
\ -^Cv- ^ H _ ,¿<^4> ^ ^ ^
ü si^ 3 e^‘ 0 ° ) í £?-00 cc^ Ir * o^>
>ít o c*i') ~ c,ío | '^ * Ia ^1 - <>** p O
0 0
'£&- (3 ^ - <gwí% (3 í / J
8-42
g c - £ j ?y>
<
sSul£2cy-
<
4 ^ jsC3^- BC •
( z ")
^ *2= °; X ( f e - O — O (j2)
A x (°
c*z= o - ° fe O
<A*2
E g¿' ( O . Q r t cvv-A ( 3 ^) y jj& A
C2) CO CO c o r -X
C, -f c 3 =- o Or C3 - - C, l fv
c f ’ + c fe = -e - f e ’ = - f e 5 ffí>
JTy, Vi'eu- e^S.Q^t) O-vfe ( ¡ O j •C O bectrnr-rt
x C2)0 > V c t¿° ( ^ 0 " ^ í3 *2^
ro ( ^ (S 5f2) G O
oJ- ^=Olr¿t B ( ^2 - ^ ^ 5^^° *
X (0 f * ^ ) = cJ ° C ^ p ^ c ^ p i )
,«.e . CO _ c CO X £_e¿ (S/^ - CsAÍ<fiÁ ^ O O

2 ~~ — I
^ A c - f l - A uSpH '
US "^3 ■( 18 ) P • (/£)
X fi? f e o - G C ^ J fe fe ,- C^» (ff x f e )

e7~*~^‘ C xk jz > o {) r$ ~ B> '•
$[ojc?e ^ ^ fí) - — ^^ 0^ * \ )
& *\ J* z
’fcZrrjS+W vrurrrWfc' (^rrvt/nxM-fe * . 2- (l) O2'v/C*^ />v /-

J x a ) = Ü J L . (J O < *0
<**, “ (í> <«**
(2 < 0 c¡to--4 /^)
O 1 O <tov>4 (j 9 ? £&-Q-<J. '‘¿ó •'
co -(sí* ^ + S to k p t) - ° ^ t ¿_ \ ^ co S g I - cM ^ )X
C«
V^W- í ^^/ j
+ c;° r ( ^ ^ +*'•'><' p h - f y^? - c m ^ R ) l

( v^ ^ - to A p y j
QZ2)
+c ^ L ( ^ + c ^ / s H )^ ( < * $ * - + M U p S ? )Z =*
<■ '■ ¿¿ p t - 4 ¿J> p £ / J
c * o
t& J -t^ J ^ rn -irv o ^ i (25^. to o je ^ ^ c e ^ jG -
^ C ,CO o t o c f Z^ m B ^ s- ( ¿ 2 .') ° - t o (2-3 ()
«l^ * . « í . -b, ô-vo , c r t ífe ^ v t o
r, t o ■
8-44
Pro ceJUo-JZ- fe ¡yCv^Á -fcfce. oís-
inj^lA^JL V ib raJ¿crn ¿ cs^ ~tfc¿ ÍbJo - W ^ w ^ta^-e. ,.A4sûjm ir\
F ty . C° 0 :
For bea.»^n ê.íj-TvvCvvi' AB :
1Xc^¿e_c^r¿r'n i*í jive n by
XcT, ( * i >O ^ X ( * r ) •( A Cjt í es i 'f 15 ^1 ^
'lo ítfr
X (*i^ = CC
,° c * í ( S x } + C . ^ * * > (Stt,
+ C<° Cí7Â ^ , 4- c^ JrCrU* P * I C2)

U/y» \>C'U^ÁclTI^ ck /\ ;
-UT, ( * , ~ 0 ,*t ) = ¿> C jO
ZV'y
(X ,' O^) “ O CÔ
3^\
£^,S * (? ") ouyvA Qf) ccov, Írí tSlit¿e^ y aJ>
X(*| = 0 ~ °
o)
0 0o ;) CO c co r 5 -)
C., "-f-f " C3
C_ -=Oo cnr
oir *C
“3? - — ^ '
¿ X
(* ,= o } = O
dX,
c; _ 0) „co „ 05
C~
2 y -+- C ¿i - o crr c ¿j. - " ^2 6 0
£^s. C2')pC5> GOvJ, ( ¿ ) J/i'elot
x ( x i^ - C_¿r¿ * , — (Lo&b ^ * 0
+ (&*» - P * 0
ftr«, juv*cfion
F of C o r )" f t Y\U \\~tj o > A jp o iy Jc B j "ffc e £ * .| p r e s r i b r , 5 t^ e
te^d.Vj ^menf ^vxJ rÔL -^rv¿/ JU
myrrdisrd: o Jr B 7C( ^1 / j 1,
£I T T Í V ^ O
C?*,
= El ^ - C V ■ ( c*rf (3 f- 1 + Z3 ^
- C^' ^ ^ ¿ ¿ . j¡3 í , -+ (3^0 3 *~

VB = EX 9_ ^ f * , - j O =
9*,
= E I^ 3 [ c [° (3 i , )
—' C-2 ^ CcfS (3 ^ i -f- ^ ^ 0 x
( A g *S 6 rt -f- B c*^-t ^ C *0
4 ’ Fcír b e.CLW> y^ -S ^ Y '^ r^ B 3 J
I^c^ /^Z--dJ^Ccrir» ^ {\/cy^ ¿>^
^ 2 Í'X2 > ^ ')- X CÔ- ( A <LjCr^ ^Jj0 ^ ^ /^ n ^ *^ 0 0O
ZJrrftT
X (* 0 = cf0 ^ ? * * +
-f- C 3Z) ^ x 2 •+■ C ^ /&w-k (2> x z C rO
As s ume tcr2 (<x2 - o ., -fc) - O : »TÍ* i $ g { v e s
x ( * * = <>) _ 0 or c CO + c (Z ) _ o
re- (2} (2) 0O

c — c
3 - Ll
ASS um e <ífíüUJ^> Jaree ( ¡n w2 - á íre¿& 'r*'') ^
o jr x ,_ = O r t U is 51' v e s
V (*r«)--o ^ E l ( * z * 0 0 0
&7ÍZ
8-47
•(13) 3 ives J m v /e w o.f C,o) cuvuA C ") •
“ (*’ - O
crY
C
CO CO
- C G O
rl^ u s «Te , X2 C O ¿e *w z¿é& ~
O v.-ew cr^ £^ . ^ 0lf) .
(2 ") x
X 0*0 = C( ( ^3 X j - (3 * a )
oo o
~(~ 2 -^rCy. ^ ^ ¿ -f- p ^ 2~) 0 ^ )
^ e ^ L lv ^ vcuw x^ri' ffe €r*°-c^ ; fre irá C j yíf
M = E l ? ^ (x g - la ) - o (/ é*)
c a 4
£g,,0O cc^ i'n fe J W / y. C*-z} ¡w?
¿ ZX C O ( /4 £_o< -+ B 4rtA, c s t ) = O
E I
ct* | 0 X .- ^ Z
Of r x — o 0 7 )
( * 0
cl X 9t¿ ^ /?2
^<^jâÍ¿cprUÍ 0 7 } cu»\J (1 5 ) y íel d :
8-48
C í^> r
C | ( C=rf |ñ X 2 - f p
CO /• /
"f c 2 V P ^2 + A u Jn j3 ~ o O O
oJt -ffo ^ e e <^wí, 3 ¿S¡ .
V - c T 3 ? ^ 2.
"s T f CX2" ^ 2 ) ^ ° O ?)
7 "^ Ccuw /vo feA/vr^ y (?<-?-) ^
g-1 4. L i? . (a M cM r -f g c^t^) i = O
A* l " /*,= /»
^ á^ X _C ^ O _ - O C_2 o }
Í7 C ^ * 2-^2
(g O cuv-vJl. O5 ' ) rr> .
cx o /
■f C j ^ ^ / 2 — ^ ^ Z^)
+ c f ° f - cxrí (& JU + c*s£ P * í ) = 0 ^ ^
5'- E ^ jfo r c e Osvv-fe^-x-i^^ Cpvvsfixfecn¿x& tfcz- ju n c fe rn
jjstf irJr B l
She^ (jt? ^ ^3 AB > 3’ ve^ ^
/U e^ u x A *fc "ffc cU^Xcxl ^ LCe-
CrJUc^MJ (j^ B C,
8-49
t- e-
^ ÍJ",
9 tl
i' €
J^ C.( "* (2 í t - •2-C Í' p ^ 0
- c 2C° ( o ¿ ^ i + ^ ^ 0 ] - ( A +
= - J3 A ^ , 6fe (A c^í ^ + * ¿¿-«n*) *
[ Cl ° V p*i-o*A P *•) + c z0 \ ^ ( S ^ - ^ ^ | )
C“ )
4B U e ^ fe B
P¡ Lrvf ¡yc^ n r, /¡M ^rvLvJt g £ ,
.2-
^ ' W2. ^ >1
m£ 4- CS) = El — r O * s V
P ^ 2,
*2- A
= E l _ — ( * 2~ ° ) *(A ^ y i^ ® /í‘‘« ^ h't)
í* £ V y
o o
T h e rijK^^vojwol A l'cSLl. c^ £ ^ , ( 2 3 ) C-c^vi fc>e ex-|oA£^^( cu*
8-50
E l ( f ) C - ^ CÍ ° ) ( A t (2 O
tIius (2 3 ^) C-A-^r» ITSUû JJL cw £2^
^ í p |* - C[ ( g^ ^ S / ) + p A )
- C Í ° C íü . ^J?, + ¿ í ¿ ¿ (S ? , ) f 2- C ^ j *
PA + B 69h"t *) =1 o
or
- C ¡ ° ( ( « « f l . t c 4 f < l ) - C j 5 (• « * ■ p - * l + A<~ í / O
r C[ ° ( O = O C255
Ó. FfvuJl eêpjfecíYv^ •
CcTYvfcc vxctv^ vrv0r*'<T-£*^ <3-^~ B • Bg . (£ 5 )
¿jj %&juOi ¡J^1^ B '• E^' f 22'')
ZeiTO fcj£v^x’,n^ tYVxrrrv^vvB j>.0 l^xA" C • E:^, . ( * $ )
"Zero o_A" joo íwA~ c Eg, . (2. O
. .__ CO (O C2")
CXV^kV\(7 w/VA Cj^VvV&tA-XC *. (2 ? ^ ^ | > 2
cJT ^ .
fr(X ^ ^ ^ ¡J T oy ^ ) E % ¿. ( 2 ? ) , (Z 2 ), ( I*) > ( í l ^
Á ' „ o) (i} (z.) I - CO

neous m c, ^ c z * C,
8-51
Set fte áeterrhi'na-hf 0f motríx of Coefft'cfents of C (>)
Cz \ C,( q ^ -A C£ ín E^s- ( z í ) , ("2 -0 ,0 0
o -^ J i (2 1^ & j ^j j - o- X té - z e .r o . tIu ' s
[te -fn ^ y u u u -c ^ e ^ u s ix e n n . T^ e ^ £
tí-e fr^ u en c^ Í ^ J c ir , gíve^ ft~e n A U J
-fr e ^ L ^ v ^ i^ S c^_ v,'br<3-fcr,jYv é fc e tv o - í>e«-~-
✓4^ st ei m.
8-52
a For {tormo me mobíom, eûatón o f -moFi'on Recomes
8.56) f w ( ± 3W ^ x j, w
~ T ^ + r TT + 9e l = " T
L et W(r,<9) = X(r).rC0)
i!* + j_ ix . / C92. X
d r 2- r ¿r + P
i l l + / r =I O Ce.)
c*02
c^ X J_ dX X = O ( E2 )
+ P r 2-
Jlr^- r dlr * (
SoU cn o f (e*) * x f f ) = C( ¿ T ^ . r ) + C2 I w ( F r ) . * = 0, 1, 2,...

l*/{aer€ cT^ OsruJ I M GL?1£. ¿y£. ffe. fjiSzAst’ asndl ¿Z-C-CrrÂ
/- =
Sortee ( / •f ) —>-00 víftem f -»- o , C 2 = O X ( r ) curud
A ¿m -ce ixr ( r } e , t ) f ir ú jt i .
/. X (r) = C, t ( A r )
At r= R , X (r)=o ;.e., Í , ( A r ) =0 (f=3)
. ( E3 ) 'W s Tütít* : /£ R , £ R , •- - , ^ R , ••-
/. L52 = Í l_ L
___________________ f _________________________________________
^ (a-) E g ^ c m 0^. m ¿fen : ^ ^ = p( + 0 ) + f ^
Let Lke fo rc e J r e s fo n s e of fh e re cb z n ^ u Á & Ji - v n - f c v r ¿ z . o f ffc .
**"" u r ( x , y t- b ) = 2 2 T „n( t ) ^ =JE ^ ( e z)

Xn- i n-d °
idrtCn*. T^n C t ) ~tó fó. <Lrflhrn¿njeÁ. EgS- f £ | ) OnnJ ( E ¿ ) 9 ‘ ve
TT*? 2 2 r ^ % - l ) Two(t) a»
z%sn
t>
m»i « =1 ^ a b /
■+■J3 2 2 ^ Twn (t) ^ ^ ^ ~~ °
m=< n=i d t2-
{Ylu&tyJf ( e ?) ^ 'm^ L Z I¿ arrj LnSjs^lcdJ. UjiMr
X ffipm O "to cu arÂ z jiit r -fe 2 - /^ crm o fe y- fc

d*Tmn , t) + PJEVbL + 4 ) T (t) , F (*) ;
-jpr~ 1 ; J=> ( a .1 / wnl ; cLbf mn
m ,n = 1,2., ••• ( e4-)
8-53
l&JUVL ^ ^
Fmn( t ) = J J f ( * < * * ) ^ ^ ax ^ ( e r)
o O fa
sLÍZot 0 = 0 03^ 4 = exjfuJ&tA a J
T „ C*> « <** ir J T f f e r ^ ) t + , . . •*■ *■.,5 757571
+ 7 Í ( # ^ ) r
tujiere A^n CLm-d Svnn OJXt cí¿tl^rrv¿íve_cí £¿ícrna "tfe- •forurt^Tn ¿rdfca-Z
Oyr\Ájd¡ZoTL6 "ffe. T(\Xrr^b)ZQ-rnX. • "¡“íi^ /&óiL-£ZZm -¿?
^V£Lyl £r^_ E^. (E^) Ut£k T^n( t ) '^kowrn.
O) fe* £(*,y,-fc) = 4 . ^ 0 be“ ^
Fmn C t) = f “ [ v ^ "E l "JL¿ ¿u ^

O O
= 4Jo jl Í L - Cr f mtt^ ^1 — ce* -ntt)

TT2- m n
r o izrr m or n e^Cv».
[ 4 4 o j» ^ m c^ J r» o-dí*
TT2-
S xn ce tfe rruZs*rMrL&^j¿- X* aJc TuLifr /yrúJláJJ^ t A mn = =
°-n^ % - ( E0
- *■
" r- tt7
Ct) = TTTTPf ~cl
CLTh
bT £
a
Ai t 0Tt ^0T 1 í* * "
^ TrA ^ “ r ) ’ i r
16 fo (¿ _ Cpá 7T A f c )
TT3 Tnr> f A TT A
16 fo £-0r m czjyLcí n oad

tt4 Mr»/ A
**“ * ’ { ¡ r ( ^ ^ ) } V Z
Ffrtaí fa^M&crn iz
*r C 03, 03 i -mTr* ,. t>tt^ í .
«rfcy,*) = JLá V £ + ~ i> '( )
^ tp ¿—■ n= 1,3,•.. I ai ¿2. ;
M= 1,3,- - •
From excxrn^píe. S-M,
!*(*.,¥,*) = xc'*) Yfe) T(t> =(C, ccrf** + Cz ¿ ^ ° < * ) ( c 3 c * s + p y)*
(A c A Gst -f- B 6 3 t)
8-54
Ccrn-cí¿ílcrru5 :
w (o, y - icr ( c u , y j t ' ) = o ; o <£ < L t ^ o
TJ• = hr ( * , tr) =. o ; o ^ x t É a, cuj “fc ^ o
i-e. xC°) = x O ) = 0 , Y(o) = V ( ¿ ) =• o

í.e. C| = o } C3 = o /&¿u oícl, —o =o
°< -= ^ (« = >.*.-). /*»= t ("='.*.•••')
•• (lí + í ) ;
CUrvjsí íf o . 0 ^ L ? Z £ ^ o ric ¿ ¿ v ^ . Sji¿^ X^ O -C J¿j-rr^ ^Í^ ¿d jd j-C T Y \
« U ( * , y, -t) = ¿¿n S|fL m . n p ^ wnCoi 65^-t + «. t )

Qz^JiJuzfL &dtuJZcrri
00 03
= £ ¿ ^ * » ü S L ( \ „ Orf « U * + Bra„ ^ w™,t)

rn= ¿ n=i
G en eral S olution
Wf^Vjfc) ■= ST ST 5ir> StV* f^>nn 035 Y" Smnsin CJmn fc)
m=< n=f ( E$
-X TiTC^ô; * woCx , ^ ; T
(*'?>»)= ^ 0<? s ¿ ^
Eg. ( E , -) g iv e s
Is 2 ¿ „ n nv, = * * *.v. ^ = **»(*, * ) (e.)

m=i n= 1 ¿
22* ¿5 05mn Bmn Sin sm ^ (* ,£ ) (£4 )
ro=( n=1
T êse a re double F ou rier sine s e rie s e x p c c n s ío n s so fcka-fc
a ¿f f ^ /» fc , x . miTx . n tt^ .
/'»» = ü J J H (x > ? ) stn ~ z r !I” ~ r •«*
*=¿> us0
¡3
_ 4 r 0' . 7T* , m7rx |_ f . TT^. , «7T¿Í « /V \
' 17 J ^ Sin U í,,n • * *■ J Sm t. r,n~ i- <? 15^
X=0 ^=0
¿± u» i)
Bw_r> =: --- T f ' /•_ \ * rnTTX . tt7T^ . .
dL¿ 63„n J J Sin “ ^ T Sín " X “ ^
x=0 y=o
- o jôr 5 «Ver» dcubcu
Te ')
v. 6 /
8-55
V sí n3 iU r e la -tio n r ^ ^ ^ t fa fa + fl-fc , _ ^
/ v l I . ^ ^"f3 ^ f3 **
Ccun be Simf>l¡fíecl
a __= á j f k h r ^ ^cuP -
a,L ( z l ffao i-O TT
- O ir ((rn
r +-r!l)
U7rT -Jc / l 1 Cn-í)T Cru-OTT J
o for m
¡j-or rn > 1 o-nA/ or n >• 1 V )
=1 cune} Yl= 1 c«
4ô /• CP
, - w — .z, , -
7T^
A,, = Sm fe)
^ J0
7TX TT ^
*^ t) = ~ ~ cu.
W¿tk G3/( = ^ CZ 7TZ ( aJ* + T F )j
(íVom tKe soiu.-ti‘on of Jorobfem 8• 5 Z )
General Jatuílari •
8M ] v (x ,H )- Z 2 ^ vV>-
wsl n= 1
r f W f x , ^ O)-., (*,y)
Ú r(x,»
CSO Co
zr S 1 A„n ^ ^ ^ = m; ( * , * )
■m=l r»=±
oo co n
S S ^n. K , a, Ü I2 :
¿ =
tn= l n= ±
Tkese oTL2- clloxüê. frru?t¿e>t. ^ .ru e. /SxJx¿£? ex^cupr~fr¿an -5 a£
¿5 (*> ? ) • ,
a> u rnTTx n 1T> dx A1
,W i --- ---- -
Amn= ZT J0 /o ^ 0 >^) a- L
~ O fcY" <
^ÍY-Zrt^ cfLa-t¿XJ
¿f p&~ s, y
B,
j J fc>;(*.y) -s*. ?-' T?7r^ Jz Ay_
^ “0
&
- 4 ti m TTx
^(2- ti* CU ¿ J>~6)
wn ^ o
‘Lltcns^, fksL yi^Xcidlari
S ^ o i t . tú* f i t - J í = ± - - J¡l+
¡p í } *r ° ^ /3 ,
8-56
%• vB 0
4¿k
B = -
O LÍ Cá,
T n . -=^= í. c u n J n = £ 2 .
fc. E * .)({-• * ? * )
7á7 "77 ^ ) Í/C ^ ^
^ G5(z-t
e Fundc^rneri-fcal y io M u tc lL f r e ^ u e n c y 0 f b r a jn s v e r s e v i b r c u ií o n Is
! g .V e n ^
C 32 = c 1 7T2" “ I +■ T i ' ) í°r r e c h u n ^ t t /a - r m e m b ra n e &§■ s íd e s . . . ( E , )
11 * ' ' ' ~ O/, a .-n J b -
2. _
C - -• -fe )
7f
(a7) For a,, - b¡ - &y G 3 ,r = c TT — fe3)
(¿C) For a>, = 2. 1>| , l j _ a.z — z l t2

Q ,r e ^ — a- ; b
:. b, = ay^ r * C2^j = \Tz C2-*
(^ ) From S olu iíon o f problem 8>5Q, ib e fu n d c ^ m e r tb c ^ i najbu.ra-L

fr e ^ u e n c y Qf ou c i'r c u la -r m e .m ir a .n e o}- rcc.dius R ís jív e n by
Cúozl = t\ P - C f ¡ w K ere ^ R = 2-4¿4 = íV r*F zero o f

f
BesseL fu n cb ton ° f ‘¿'Ae ft'rsb kind .
S i n c e i r £ z = o , , R - c u / f¡?
z _
ôt - c
z- (A i2'4<>4
# S ) , c * ( Í 1 26 10
Oj --- f% )
8-57
Ai -f- cfM
k-is-d*.
C0 ' ) Zf lo a A iu e . ío -bKe ca-r m oves Wí H a> co n s te a -n t v e -lo c 'iíy \}q
ír> He x - d i'rec-fcí'on j
= F(* - f e^
E gu íliferíu m egiACL"ti*ohS a-re
( y+cív) _ v - F0 C^-t) -f- fe ■ur cíx — _ p A c^je —-^T

J 3tr
or I 7 - F0 ( * , * ) + ^ = -j= A fe)
^ O + d M ) - A» - (v+ ^v ) + F C ^ f c ) dx - O
or 3W
- V —o
9x f e )
Usíng ( £ 3) .> CCLri ^ rewrífcten

tf’tA 9ZtJ-
3-b2- fe)
a x 2-
Bu£ Ai = EX
ax2- fe)
% s' (^4) ("£5^ üza-d to
— = - ^ f é fe)
For unrform lecu m } ( E g ) s C m Jg lff íe s t b J ín V íe w o_f (Ef)
fe)
F I 0 + fe ffe + = F°
(b-) Solu.'biOYí :
Definir^ a:- t fe)
Eg. ( By') can ke ex ^reísecJ, a¿
EJ i j f + fe ^ * 17Í + = Fof2° fe)

L et f- = C an-cen í r c u íe d X o cu d . -fíen H »e ôvernín^ sûa-íú( O n
oJc q JJL ^ o t n ís o£ H e Leoutn 3 e x e e ^ t a ir y. - o , ¿s
J fe , . . 2. jV . . _ ( Ew)
EX
¿ ,* +J’ 1" ’-’' T F + = °
So l u í Con o£ Cîo) colw ke e x p r e s s e d aj
8-58
w O )= (£„)
Suts'ti'tu'ti'ovi of (E|j) l"n^° ( ^ 10) 9 »Ves
£1 C* ^ -f- j> A Xj/ + *< = O CEli)
UiKose roo-fcs ca-n te e*j? r e s s e d a¿
^1,2. = - (ou+ t ) , = ± ( gü - ¿ ¿ ) ( E'3)
Wítti T , ,------ , ,
QJ = h -C <k , b - J 1+-C d , c =
, 4. ( £ .) * j W
t Kw j i t e s o lu t io n of C Ef o ) b ecom es
u -(^ ) = A, e * 1 ? + b z +- As e **5 -+• A 4 ( Eis)

w h ere A¿ ( ¿ = \, 2, 3, 4 ) a-re c o n s t a -n t s wtíct co-n ¿e cteierm ínecj
¿from tte foÜotuiVig eonc Ai t i onS:
^ ^ \ d e f le c h tó n %c t e n c t ir ij T n o m e r í: a - re
- — —o air ■^■=- ao j zero y - ce
h*
■ slojp1 f’s zero under He toa*á
3=*° }
jV -r
- El = P stecu r fo rcé /íc^S
¿y3 o+ ¿y3 y=o
d.iS’ Con'fcinuítj
¿*~tT p
E X -4~~~~ ■=■ 4r J (xvicler H e
'
2
«S.D3J
« ) W6° = 24 E l C1 - * ) 2 = —
24 EX í x M ' + x ^ z l x 3)7
- Cg f z x £ V 4 * ? - 6i * * )
<f* 24 EX
¿bsL - - C?~ f z í 1 -}* 12 XZ' - i 2. í x ) O
« 2 A
*■ O5
c° t O,)
720 E l ü
ft , j ' = / A P ¿ A l f ( ¿ ■ r + s - . t . ’ p *
(—
24 E l
O3 z
S A s- co ( Ez)
362 880 EZ I Z
8-59
.2 N_ íc f- .tS \ f 3S it io E1 ! ^ _ EX
^ = 5 = [ - ^ ) { — Alls Co- - ¡ ' * r n '
■'. u = za-4499 / 51 ,-
s jfA l '
tK íí ccui te com p a ra d W.'th + te e x a -c t s o lu t i o n ("Fig. 8*15) :
8 .6 4 ) ‘• ( ‘ - “ T i
f t - - * ? • * * ¥ ■' & “ • (¥ )* “ T *
= Í E I í / 7T4/ ^ 3 ¿
ir n2 . . a f x. , , »*• 12L f „ , , ZJLZ
» = fA j (w (*> )z ^ = / a ^ i r,+ ^ T ' zc^ ^ ) d>c
= 3Ce2 ( ? ^ / 2
•• 0 3 = 22*7730 y —E £ _ . C om p re -this1 wi-tA
" w t = c ^ 7 3 oo4 o l J J S = ^ ^ y j g r .
From sirer>$£h o f ma^-tericéis* / " ^é/êng-tA

8.65
bhe. staÁ C c d e f le c h tó n cur/e
i* g.Ver» ^ 'j*----------- - ^
W f x ) = J £ L ? L f / - x ) ( « - 3¿ ) = _ f£ _ (s
4-8SJ- 4 SEX '
• 4 ^ - = _ í 2_ Íis lx ^ - S x3- 6t z¿ )
dx 4-ffEI K '
f * - 4 je2- —Z2-')
j x 2- 5 El y
i /Mi zaw\
\2- r 1
N= £ J I • =
cÍtc >91 5
d*V 3zo EX
8-60
J)= fA (W * )) = 1-3090 x lo 5 ^ ^ ^
E2- zz
1 M El
65 = £ . = 2 3 ? . 7319
•• £¿>= (5. 4910 /_ £ £ _ .

v J3
l~(i¡s co-vi te c o m bCLT6,J íh e EXa-cl: Va^Lue.
h ‘
8 .6 6 ) w c* )= r ^ C - ^ + ’ O i o < x - A | _— -^
| < ) ¡ i & x <x l ~ 4 — ^— 4 — ^

V 48EI 7 2. ' A
il w _ [ i k ( - í»*+ i > ; 0 - x - -i
l * 2-
g lj O * - ^ ) ; i. 4 x < a
T _ 4 ^ * T J / A l*
- ^ (¿ ii)' [ ! Ñ « ,*+ , i ‘ - « * ^ * | W ( « - ' ) ' j *J
/ A OS1 f f 16 *7 3 / ^ 5 _ 24 í _— i ^
7 ? 6 }°. , 3 Sí x
+ r ,6 *7 7 x l* f + ! il t ^ _ ! ^ + * í l ¥ - ^ +t ‘ * ] .
+L ^ g + s + 3 2 J?-
^ - 6 / fA c a z l 7 \
s5K# r P P “ )
"*V«x 4 *ma^ = i » W(Vc»4-)

x= T
i ,«*■/£* \* ... -6 f^ td 1 l \
(w T r ) ° ,,'ÍK“ ( l ^ / 1
T «, « e j. = 5 ‘ £2211’ + ,¡.4 „ - ‘ = £4-
8-61
V = -¡- f* e x (^ ± \z J x
mtt* 1 Jo U * ” ) t
* ilfe [ í 4 + i , ° “ * + , l '~
“ ¡ f e
= ¿3
3®4 e r
2- Jt3 £l ^ 2 5 3 0 -7 El
^ “ 324 E l ( ?)tuf S j=A £ 7 + 13-<S x .ó6 m i 6 ) / ^ f / U + lí-t»»)
.-. CJ = 50-Í987 / Er ----------- ' tíW A1t = J.A-í = tm-sS of U

____________________ V X 3 ( 5 - ^ b + ^ - ^ _w ) _______________________________
U t W(X)= c0 ( , - ^ ^ = q ,(i + ¿ - ¿ * )
8.67. . .
cflV , / 1 \ *s i
ix z “ 2C‘
(? ) cz r*
T fe * = 4 -Z jV ^ c » ) Lwf*)]*«»*= [ * (* - + $ - T Í * *
= ¿ ^ \ c ¿ r ¿ +í Í + l ^ +i ü í _ 4 x5 +x’
2 f- L 2 <s£* 4¿2 s-^3 3¿ Jo
^ca2A0 c? JL
v~~ = 2. = f f fi* Y t £ w .. ^ -o -o
X /V
Twa* = Vmax V v&s
G. 5 2. - c-j c .zt _________
trf e t,r 50 ____ 60 B £0
-----------
a3 j ’ôc.’-i f* o i*
(J = 7*7 4^° El,
/ A> i +
8.6 8 ) U í W( X ) =¿ I I x3+ ^ 1* )
x =O
** 2&I /
V
W X = E2_l . f* 1( ]f ¿---
1 ur )vZ J* + i * [»(*= *)] + ¿ k t g ^ . (x=t>]
o
8 -6 2
Smce V
£
T c*o
«4
*t c2 lé
1 L0 36 E2! 2
Ar. — cí X5 from y&fuki'on o£ ^roblan 2 *5*7)

^■
4-0 El
* c f l* c í jt‘
4 0 EX 12.2 E 7-rz 71
z _z
Tmo* — ^3 f A j 13 C2 l 9
from brotíem
[W X)] ‘ <í* = o / / A ^
64 2 0 E2 Xz 8.57
V,Tna.x = T,ma.* 3?ves
652 = /l2*4^í5 —r — + 3-Í942 t t v +6*9231 ** ^^

¿*AJÉ j» A jL* J
>
i 2w _ c ( *jry " arf 2TTX
i *> '^ X / X
_ g92 r * os2/ A cf r 2 2.TTX
T,tria.* aA —2. CcrJ
2 c X
4in ± E £ \ 2.TTX X
. /í¿n
X ) + (4 - l ) ] 0
= 2. f A c¿2 c,2-J2
EX CÍX
V.rna-x z
SEX C,*-n-4
TT / ^ I x-rr* N X - — -c i2 7T
4E^
£ + Í 2LÍ
1 2TT X /O X3
T vnax = <&&*
=
4 E l c f 7T+ _ 5/9* 52 E l
3j> A C,2 a fA l 4
8-63
Z.
= EA,
z l J
= EA0 ci
. 1 (x > ® > ‘
fS i ^ TT /
T Tnax = j’ -M(X) U 2" i * = ^- J Zm0 [ t ~ - j - ' ) c f T T ^
’ ^ ' [ f M r f J ‘ - ? t ^ T f •‘ O
= [ ( t - f ^ t ).1 - t ( t - l í i l -
( LE) ( 8 v rz \ o
'
c 2- l Ía ± -\ 1 K+ l%/
= 69 m° c' T t1 - ^ )
^max = *^nia^:
^ = gA.Tr* ( 1+ ^ 4 = 5-9303 SAo_
(éí >»,í ™0 f
69, = 2-4/4S Í^ E K T
1____________Vm. JL*_______________________________________________
g y jN U/e t a t ó tA e c ^ ^ c fe m cx-tûre tfe I m m i a í t ^ , o^rn-4dZ¿-ferv5
w C0»^-) = ’hJr(Cü’ '¿-) = ^CôO) = b) =■O

t ó T ( x ^ ) = C( X ^ ( x - < ^ > ( ^ - J»)
(7X = c«
|H = C)>c ( ' x- a . ) f y - t) + C, O -a .)
(22ÍY1+ ( ^ ) z = q - ^ O - + c f x 2- y z ( y -
+ C,7* -xz ( X - a-)a ( £ - k )z -h c f X 2- y Z O - - 3")2
= c,l [ i x V + xu < f ( z ¿ + il>1) + * V í - ^ ) + V +

+ y,3 (-*«-) +- (-ZCLt2-) _,_ x^3 (4*0*1»)
+ 2X4 f -f X 4 ( V ) + X * > C-Z t>) + XZ C a f t 2' ) + X 2' K “ z t a ^
+ x3 y 2 C"2a') -f- * 3 ( - 2 a ^ ) + x3^-(4o.í»)-*-*?>*■ f-xa*)]
8-64
í á c ^ r + m )*]*■* - 4*5
b_ ,
+
a>H '
45 )
* v4*
* W ) . *
-zfcx* ? 3 + **£* + i a . l * >3- 2B' t * * J
/ / Wí ■ Jy- = c * a / A / s o o
w ° = ¿ f Í ( a H 3 )Ca.2+ ^ )
V ffiox 2. 45
- 2- 5 I 5
T*m a x -= 69 JP . C, CL fa-
_!----------
2- 900 a , , j_ .
Vm ax = Tm ax g ^ es f^ J . = 20 ( ¿ + 7 )
•■• - * * + -+ 711 I h t 7 ^
E x a jih V cJ U í. at GS< = 7T Ii
* 1 ‘ 1f \ * * + to
@
F o r a s h a ft u n d e r to r sió n , th e sh ear stress (r ) in d u c e d a t a ra d iu s r fr o m th e ce n te r o f
th e cross s e c tio n is g iv e n b y
MtW r
T~ — j — w
w h e r e M t (x ) = to r q u e a t s e ctio n x . T h e p o te n tia l e n e r g y o f th e s h a ft is g iv e n b y th e
s tra in en e rg y :
v = | - / - ¿ - ^ dAdx (2)
U sin g E q . (8 .6 1 ):
(3)
E q . ( 2 ) ca n b e exp ressed as
de_
V = - / GJ dx (4)
dx
2 o
T h e k in e tic en e rg y o f th e s h a ft ca n b e w r itte n as
89
dx (5)
dt
B y a ssu m in g a h a r m o n ic v a r ia tio n o f # (x ,t) as
9(x, t) = 0 (x ) co s oj t (6)
a n d eq n a tin g V max to T max, w e o b ta in
8-65
e
d©
f GJ dx
dx
(7)
f p J G2 dx
o
F o r th e s h a ft sh ow n in F ig . 8 .4 1 ,
G = 80 (1 0 9) N / m 2 ; p g = 76.5 k N / m 3
J = — d4 = — (0 .0 5 4 ) = 61.3594 (1 0 “ 8) m 4
32 32 v J
L e t © ( x ) b e a ssn m ed to v a ry lin e a rly o n e ith er sid e o f th e d isc f o r s im p lic ity :
0Q x
0 (x ) = ; 0 < x < 0.8
0.8
; 0.8 < x < l (8)
0.2
w h e r e dQ is th e angu lar d is p la ce m e n t o f th e d isc. E q u a tio n ( 8 ) satisfíes th e b o u n d a r y
e o n d itio n s a n d gives:
d© #0
— = ------ ; 0 < x < 0.8
dx 0.8
------------ ; 0.8 < x < 1.0 (9)
0.2 “ -
e €
d©
f GJ d x = 306 797 #2 ; f p J O2 dx = 159.5384 ( 10 - 5 ) 0%
dx o
T h u s E q . (7 ) gives th e a p p r o x im a te n a tu r a l fr e q u e n c y as:
306797 9 l
cj2 = 1923.0292 (1 0 6)
1 5 9 .5 3 8 4 (1 0 - 5 ) 9 l
U) ~ 1 3 ,8 6 7 .3 3 2 8 r a d /s e c
F or c o m p a r is o n , the to rsio n a l n a tu r a l fre q u e n c y of a fix e d -fix e d s h a ft w ith no

in te r m e d ía te d isc, is given b y (see F ig . 8 .1 2 ):
7T C
üJi = = £ — A / g l í B Ü lM íI , 10, 0 6 2 .3 5 5 7 r a d /s e c
e V p 1.0 V 76500 '
8-66
8.73 ') ^ = c, x f £ - x ) , ¡_¿t p= fens,bn
v _ = - i c,‘ P
= 1 p ^ L X 2x + + x 3 _ 2 ^ j * = i. Pcf ^
~m« = ^ ^ f b > Y ^ = i f c f u } 1- £ * ( r f + x + - 2 JÍ x 3 )=«*
= ¿ « ‘ K i 7
^m ax - ^"m ax 51 v e s ^
E xact
- e^-)*
VaJW. ¿? G9. =
- - “ •-
77 / JL_ .
Ct) W ( x ) = c, X ( J t - x ) + Cz X2- ( X - x ) z
^ = C,(Í-2X) + C* ( 2 Í l x + 4 * 5. 6 { x ‘ )
- t í ' >*- «>)

0 ' / C’
+■ c í ( + í 4 * N - « * S + *SjlE* + + i ej!l * + - + f í ~ * - M - J25* 3)

+ 1C|CZ (zJ?3 x + + x x 3 - S ^ x 2- - 4 X2x a - ! r + t l 2 Í X3 )
= t ( i c' X 3 + ^ c ¿ +
TMt« = -I * / ¡ W ( * ) l * =?* = ^ J * [ C|l ( í V + > : + - 2 { ^ )

® O
+ CÍ ( í 4 * 4 + x V - 4 i x7 - 4 ¿ V )
+ Cl C2 f 2- +• &l X-5 — é i X 4__ 2. x Ó ) J <£x
= » re “1
f
-57
^ T J
i 30
- cJ-
1
V 5
X + 630 ^
± J — C z
f
9 3 j-
70 C‘ 2 * ¿ 7
J
y» P (icfl*+ )
^ ^ (ló" Cf ^ + ^ ci l 9 ± 70 CfCz^ )
^ ■ ' ( T < i * ' t j ‘'< ') , 17;■ p ( l í r ' * * 7 + »'■ ' " í
8-67
■e-, c' ( t íH I A .7 ) -h ¿ 2. ¿ i í í - 7 )= 0
S eífer^ ¿JiíX^tr^rLOLr^ "tte CoZffiiCJLZrnSts g^, C, q^^íÍ C^
■fc
( t p* ’ - T f J ^ ' X i f e p í ’ - íW
- ( i . , l ' - i , » * ¡ t 7 ) ( - i « 5- » J’ " , r ^ * °
¿. 8 • j cd * - II 2.
,ooS í / f O ~
03* = ?•?£>?7 -^ - , loa- 1302-

J «*■
£5, = 3- 1+ 16 63= (o * I0S"9
j >jí‘
, it f
FirSt mode TK«Vcl moclé?
ExcL£/k /Soiu-tibn ¿s ;
69± - rzz 03,= 6-2332 JL. 03,= 3-4243 / X
\|j>P 'Ij ’t 1' /e1
U(x)= Si-
18/74^ Vma-X " 2 (j7) 9.
áu £i_
■*íW *
~ ^ ^ J- -£pjy HhzCLST-n
dx
%
z£ / “• ' J t
T,max = jül
— 1Jr a v *j * = 2 J
J0 * ^JL* ¿ - á x
— ^ C| ^ í?*" o i^ 2 ^ ¿ x ^ (re¿isvT~
tiflX - VrnP-¿ uy - 3E
, M t= i - ^ i o s j l l
8-68
M tU - U (Z .)= 1l2 L + £ iJ 1
i r
= £A f c,1- ± <£_ íC ,c t -i - ‘-I . 2 C 2. X
1 L— + 3 t + —r J « ef:
t « = ¿ í£_ r V
2- Jo
= J-icf-^ + i cH + íc.^ 1 ]
E^s. ( E „ ) <3^-c$ ( E ( z ' ) o f E x c u m ^ le . {?• I 1 giVe
3X , 2- ay
i 2L _ ^ ü = o « ~¿ " ^ 77*=° ( E .l )
3C|
UKere X -- Cc,x + i q t ¿ c , c z] (£■ 2)

2.JI
V'= [ f c tl + -5- c* + ^ c , c 2 ] CE.3)
Eg s. ( e . i ) fe Ce. O 3 ive
C ,(£ jjL - M a r f i l ) = °
+ c. ( i £ = 0
pVe^wenc.^ ej^jju>Sshr\ ¿2
(l-J-X ) ( i - í * )
ü2 + A. SO
240 90 3
(‘ - í > ) ( í - í > )
wKere ^= cdzf j . z
A = 2- 4 * * « , 32- 1307
£
U3¿ = 5- 6 7 2 8 0
'• M t = ^ 57669 V / jT
U(%) = Cf A i» Z £ + C2 ¿¿n /
21 2*
,~ 7^
Í2 = (c , +3^2. o rí í ^ ) k *
3 - ^3 ->H
1
■V.
r>cux 2 (c . U» + , c , c« ' - Z j f ) 1 A*
-h
J H 7 T + iCl Ui “ ) ^
ryjj íh¡- ^ o £ o ^ jn. __ i + ± A.„ ,
8-69
7T* 2.TTX
faATZZ-.cJi 2 Z Z - ** = T ,. ,
J 2X ** {íV n (4T/j2)
V „„ - Z A f ? ) - < ««)
+ c,e , ( í l E * 2¿ « . * f)]
+ «,= , « . = • • « • “ ir } ' « + p *•* i f
+ Ci ^ T T + 2-c,Ci ^ jjr ^
* * fju S J2L , i _ JL **, 2 * ,
J 2jt 2 2TT ¿ »
f ^ n 2UJ£ = 2^ - J _ ^ ULi ,
^ z l Z £T T l
__ zTTX
/ * » f f • «• ^ ^ = — ^ - " ^ ~7~
( ?y ¿ ) y y x )
x= T Í [ c? ( ¥ + £ ? * • ¥ ) + c t ( 6 í ) + c ,Cl^ l . ^ + i l /Mní|)]
V = / A p ( 4 - ¿ •** f-) + 4 ( 4 ) + C, Cl ( 4 ^ X _ i. ^ a :)]
= 1 “F [ 2 C | ( ^ r •*• ¿ ^ t ) + c* ( t f ^ t + f 4 '** sr ) 3
M ÍíZ lL [z C x(o- 30 45Í) + Ci î -2405 l ) J
aLE.*[e,(,.t> + c , ( ' 4 ^ f
g * .1l ! f c 2 ( u i ) + c , ( l-Z+OS i ) 1
4/ 1 L J
/ A C1C' ( ¥ - 4 ^ f ) + C2 ( Í ^ " T - ¿ r * " * * ) J

/A [ 2 C, ( 4 .5 2 8 ? j ? ) 4 Cz ( ^ o . | 3 T ? £ ) 3
/ 1 [c ,(4 ) + cl( i » , T - ¿ . « a ) ]
fA [ C2( ¡ . 3 ? 3 3 ¿ ) + C, ( a . 1 3 7 ? / ) ]
8-70
3* _ ¡4 2 1 =o c^J 2* - <4 2 L =o g iv e
dC( 3c( ^Cj
C | AEAT^- 0 . 4 0 í2 .5 _ f A C J ZJl 1 -o S 7 á )
V ^
- S - C i ^ H A Z 2" o» 3 1 0 1 2 — f A (j£ ?~ í O = O
C, ^ g A X 2- 0 . 11012 — j> ACJ^JL O .(3 2 0 ^
+ C 2. ^ - A^ ~ 3*0 - f A O ^ l f-3333^ =. O
fh z c Q A -^ v j. egâsuferi ¿2
^0 . 4 - 0 2 2 .5 E ^ L 2-_ j> Aos2"^ ,,o 576) ( ' ^ X ^ B'O - / i *#*3 )
— O- 3 1 01 2. — f A C d ^ i 0 - l 3 8 0 ^ Z _ 0
í.e ., ^ 4 _ 25 *70?0 G92- + 7 7 - 7 0 ?2. =0
/o2- = ( XS-1070 ¿ \Z-7otO\ g

v 2 y ^ r
.-. M j . 1 .1 1 1 1 J X . , » ,= 4 .1011 .
Q ) uw - g + * *" ,S S . f e * 5 fe ’í r ;
v m** = 4.
* t* “ M © “ ■■>“
-i- 7 c-^ «s g p - H C C C i c r f ^ c r f 3 2 -1 )4 *
-2- EA 0 7T' SEA ^

— cl * ív 1 + 7TT2-) / + C1 rl+ 4 )
(S i V ^ ' tá16 lSL '^
v 9
S ttt
t1 / / Z l
t _ = TT
+ 4 ^ - ^ + « ,c t ^ ^ ^ i ^ j *
_ r j- c 4 m „ Jí M _ 4_ \ í C3í rn0 l r t _ _ 4 _ \
_ C' — 4---- l 7rz ) 4 t 1- sW
+ c , c 2 a-ca1, Wp X
TT2-
* = H ñ£ ( o .íg 6 ? 5 ) + 4 - ^ ( 5 - 8 0 165) 4- C ,C 2 ^ 0 -5 )
Y= C* m j (o- 1* 1 ^ 8) 4- 4 m0í ('o.13 2 7 4 ) + c.C j. tn0JÍ ( 0.202 S 4 )
iü = c, (1.73370) + c2 (1.5)
ac, £ v y i
8-71
3X = C, F— (/ - i) + C2 Eñf- (11-60330^
302.
-^X = C, m.J? fo-' 2.97 3 é ) 4 Cz i n 0 2 ( a - 2 0 2 6 4 0
ac, v
Ü = C ,'w 0 í C o '2 0 2 4 -é ) 4 C2 mC/£ ( 0 . 4 7 7 4 ?)

ac2
i X - ^ i X ^ o o^J | X - 6 3 z | X = o gíve
C ,(§ A ^ - (.7 3 3 7 0 - 69X 0 - 2 9 7 3 ^ 4 - C z^ X ^ 1>5_ (JS¡i'mgl °* 20 zé4)
c , ( g ft° 1*5 - 0- 2024-6) + Cz( £ A l 11-60330- G9''m0i = o

y i K fL
Fre<gu.enc^ e^pjXfecm Z?
l'7 331 - 0 5 % ^ 0'Z973é)(^p- <|-6033- id’ | o. *774*?)
— í-5 - o*2oZ 6^y‘ = o
0 ,+ _ 3é.3é<? « Z ( ' ~ ) + 1 7 7 -0 +^ 2 =O
6 3 2- _ ( 36- 3 6 7 £ z 4 ' 7 ? 9 g ) E/Ao

a. / K /*
.*, 69* = 2 - 4 ° 6 Z 1 gfro , 03. = S-^2.9 9
7 1 f ^ o í1
For o. ítn -n j. = _L r tp T = f / W ¿ . J*
J0 \ dx / "»* 4>
Here W00 = c, >1 ( í - * > _j_ c2 7c2-( £ _ x)L
A^- = rC., 1
— i —
- n /» "v
2C, x -i-
4 - n¿ Cr~j.. f* x -v __
- £r. Cr_2 jv! -v
/ + _u4 a.
- (q . X
jr '^
<£x
= C|Z 4 - + C‘ í £ ? £ ? + C ,C i 1 T £
O
f u wl ^ = c* 1 0 + c*■ h ¿ + c ,c * 4
2 _ X
£<qx¿$Znjj Tmcu. o^rJ , we 69 =■ ~Y
'J n ^ * = t [ cZ 4 - + c * £ ? -2 7 -1- C ,C i 7 T ^ 1
— I Y=- 4 C c Z + qz JL + c ,c i l ! ]
2- U 30 €30 70 J
— )- = * i 05 ) - O yêJU Bo¿. ( E „ ) c v r J ( E iz^) °f- J-13 .

3 C-i ^Ci
8 -7 2
1-------1
Q/|0 »
9X 2 1*
PK II
9C, " ‘ ■¡s
15 * j . « r » '" 4
t l >• * 5- <7
4 a 7 - - je7
<l,|h
K - £ [ ‘ ' A * !+ 1 —
II
(05 * .-1 * 70
3c2
2-P7
f t d 7- i 5 \ ' rl*
30 /
1 + cz (
. i? 14o ) -
, 2. «9
* c , f t í . ‘ - £ 2 Í t 7 ) + e « ( ' « t í - ’ - Í H Ü ’ ') - o
^c2 *c2 'v is 140 / l 105 G 30 /
/UÍfeñ^ tfcé cSCtoü^rtcvr^- 0^ # i. Tnj¿t?íi.;>c crj- Cf o-nJ. C¿
fe ^2X0 j ^*4 tfe ^ L t x jju s r^ e ^ j+ a llcm QJZ
( t - h ) ( <5 I 40 ) - a1 - I I 2. X 4 1002 = O
t t - f e ) G É i“ & )
V&Ozz * = / ¿ 2^ \
A|= í- 8 7 2 .2 , X2= (02* 41 4 4
63* = 3 •1 4 2 . r n ( J = I0‘ 12.

> ¡S F 2 ‘ ' / i 2-
k e su U s o f Ex8_78
0,78.) ¡rJé-k-Jt-k-k-k'Jfk-k'k-k-k'X-xT?* «■*■***** Roots
1 . b eta = 0.01 3 . 173097e+000
» p r o g r a m l2 6 .299059e+000
Roots o f n on lin ea r equation
3. beta = 1.0
Data: »p r o g r a m l2
n = Roots o f n on lin ea r equation
xs = 5 . 000000e-001
x in c = 1 . 000000e-003 Data:
n in t = 5000 n =
ite r = 10000 xs = 5 . 000000e-001
eps = 1 . 000000e-006 x in c = 1 . 000000e-003
n in t = 5000
ite r = 10000
Roots eps = 1 . 000000e-006
3 . 144773e+000
6.284776e+000
Roots
2. b eta = 0.1 8 . 603336e-001
»p r o g r a m l2 3.425618e+000
R oots o f n on lin ea r equation
Data:
n =
xs = 5 . 000000e-001
x in c = 1 . 000000e-003
n in t = 5000
ite r = 10000
eps = 1 . 000000e-006
8 -7 3
4. beta = 10;0 5. beta = 100.0
»p ro g ra m l2 »p r o g r a m l2
Roots o f n on lin ea r equation Roots o f n o n lin e a r equation
Data: Data:
n = 2 n = 2
xs = 5 . 000000e-001 xs = 5. OOOOOOe-O.Ol
x in c = 1 . 000000e-003 x in c = 1 . 000000e-003
n in t = 5000 n in t = 5000
it e r = 10000 ite r = 10000
eps = 1 . 000000e-006 eps = 1 . 000000e-006
Roots Roots
1 . 428870e+000 1 . 555245e+000
7 . 228110e+000 2 . 644501e+001
R esu lts o f Ex8_79
»p r o g r a m l2
Roots o f n on lin ea r equation
D ata:
n =
xs = 2 . OOOOOOe+OOO
x in c = 1 . 000000e-003
n in t = 50000
ite r = 100000
eps = 1 . 000000e-006
Roots
4 . 730041e+000
7 . 853205e+000
1 . 099561e+001
1 . 413717e+001
1.72787 6e+001
Solid line: one term Dotted line: two terms

'o o n i ' 0.1
%Ex8_80.m
h = 0.1;
1 = 1 . 0;
c = 100.0;
x = 1 . 0/ 2 . 0 ;
f o r 1 = 1 : SOI
t (i) = ( i - l ) * 0 . 1/500;
w l ( i ) =. ( 8 * h / ( p i A2 ) ) * ( s i n ( p i * x / l ) * c o s ( p i * c * t ( i ) / l ) ) ;
w2 ( i ) = ( 8 * h / ( p i A2 ) ) * ( s i n ( p i * x / l ) * c o s ( p i * c * t ( i ) / l ) . . .
- sin (3 * p i* x /l)* co s (3 * p i* c* t(i)/l)/9 );
end
p l o t (t, wl) ;
ñ ó l d on;
p l o t ( t , w2 , 1 : 1) ;
x l a b e l ( ' t 1) ;
y l a b e l ( ' w ( l / 2 , t) ')
t i t l e { ' S o l i d l i n e : one term D o t t e d l i n e : t w o t e r m s 1) ;
8 -7 5
F rom E xorable 8 * 7 , th e r i **1 m ode fh & b e is g iV en f?y
[8 -8 1 ) c |( “ s &* - í3» * ) ~
wkere ^ = 3 -226602. , 7-06*3*3, (0-2/0176, 13-35/76* f o r n= 1,2,3,4-.

Tfie ^rogram a.nci -resuits & x e giVen betou.
8-76
n
PKUBLEM 8.81
n o
n
DIMENSION X(4),W(4,9)
Tl=4
M=y
MD = 10
c N = NUMBEF OF MODE SHAPES TU BE CUMPDTED
C M = NUMBER ÜF STATIUNS 1H THE BEAM ATWHICH VALUE UF DEFI.ECTION
C IS RtyUIRED
C MD = NUMBGR UF SEGMEN15 XW THE BEAM
C W(W,M) = MAXRIX CÜNTAÍNIWG THE MUDE SHAPES IN RPWS
DATA X / 3.9266U2, 7.06 8583,10.210176, 13. 351768/
DU 10 1=1,N
DU 20 J=1,M
Í=X(1)*FEAL(J)/REAL(MÜ)
i = X LI)
20 W(i,J)=(COS(Y)-COSH(Y))-((COS (YY )-COSH U Y ))/(SIN(Y Y)-SINH(YY)))*
2 (SIN(Í)-SINH(Y))
10 CONTINUE
WRITE (86,30)
30 FORMAT C//,2X,43H MODE SHAPES OF F1XED-S1MPLY SUPPORTED BEAM,/)
DO 40 1=1 ,N
40 WRITE (86,50) 1,(W(I ,J ),J = 1 ,M )
50 FORMAT (/,2X,6H MODE:,14,4E15.6,/,(12X.4E15.6))
STOP
END
MODE SHAPES OF F1XE0-SIMPI,Y SUPPORTED BEAM
MODE: ■0.1JJ996E+00 ■O.4557 30E + 00 ■0.84851 9E+00 ■0.120675E +01

■0.144486E+01 ■0.150550E+01 ■0.136498 E+ 01 •0.103456E+01
■Ü.557241E+00
MODE: ■0.382233E+00 0. 107 4 49E + U1 ■0.149510E+01 ■0.131923E+01

■O,570 351E+00 0.422676E+00 0. 11988 1E + 01 0.139 349E + 0 1
0.917175E+00
MODE: 3 -O.690370E+00 0•147 476E+01 •0.112212E+01 0.204393E+00

0. 130049E +01 0.114192E+01 ■0. 111633E + 00 0 .126025E + 01
-0.120557E+01
MUDE: •O•100204E+01 ■0.141423E + 0 1 0.927429E-01 0.139201E+01

0.53991 /E +00 ■0.114441E+ 01 ■0.107568E+01 0.64257 8E + 00
0.137500E+01
8 -7 7
f X
Vil Ax
Eûo-tion o£ motion is1
X.
5 «Ven hy Eg* (S'77) :
i
El
ax4
R e p r e s e n t a d fon o¡- lo a ,d :
L oclA ¡S f( x .) w h fc t »s -ze.ro e v e r y where exoep-fc over cu
Henchí ZAx. ok x= xc , u U ere ¿t ís* egaai to (F0/ 2 A x ).

The toa-Á £ (* ) Ca.n be é¿xpcLnc(ec( frito F ou ríer sTne íe r e e s
f w = ¿ /„ Si"r' ^
n= i
where x 0-f-Ax
' ■ ■ T Í = JJ
? • > > * i JJ 2 Ax « " T XT
Xe-A x
+ A í , .
r* . nTTx .. r-
R, r X„~FA *
/ ( o ) Sin ñ- - ( . T17TX J
* X„
J -f-AX
. 1 U / i sm n r **
7C0 _ A X
_. f r iir a x \
2 Fb HTT *o Sm < _ — )
S m ---- O s)
/ n TT AX
V X
Ax —V o , (E j^ te c o mes ^ _ 2 ^ m rx 0 O 4)
CT
r (: /■<v»"\ — 2. 'o * Yl'TTx.0 nirx
■■ J l * ) - — 7- .¿ U sm Sm (E s )
* n= , 9 l
Smce F¿, iS rrtovin^ oXcnr^ the brídje with consta-nt
Ve.l0 c.1ty o?, at ÍTme t 3 F¿> wllt be ak CU (Au¿kcLsn~C¿. X0—tít
¡from Su-jyôrb • Henee the. Ijoq-A cLisfeti.Ltutz&~n cí^- £%- C%")
Ca*x he. rewritten aJ
p ,. J.N 2 Fe C_. ir v t . TTX 27TVt _ . z w x . ?.
í (*>t ) = ■—p | Sin —j - Sin - y + Sin-------— Sin—■£— + - •• ^
jt r - ¿ — jt
Ce « )
TT'tf
Settin j AS = >0 0 Ca"n a¿
fC M O » g J^ ^ JT X Sin 631 + Sm ^2' 7 rX S in 2 6* t +•••*} OV)
8 -7 8
?
Egua-'-bion o f m o t i o n , (H |') .? becomes
é1 ^ + f fi í z r = í (*> ^ = £ F„ ?1" " « * fe)

«- 1
U /bere r _ 2. Fb
r n- —j - ; n = f j 2. , . •.
We C¿a-r>f in d bte Solution OÍ % ■ (% ) h su.^>er jaosing tA e

S o lu t io n s of ■bke. i n d i v i d u a l f a x in ó n ic c o m p o n en -b s. Thu.s¿ we
T ie e Áto f i n d 3 f o r tk e r»"^ t o -r m onic, tk e Solution o f tte
folloW m g e q u a t io n :
BZ + fA i r " F" Sin ^ T ~ s,n ^

Tê Soluíio vi ^ jpo-rticulcLr in teg rad ^ o f E^, cajn ^ tajeen
lú - ( z j- b ) - s r„ n í í - sm r>ü9t (E /o )
Su.hsbl-tu.-b Cor> o f ( E l0) bvbo ( £ 9} g ive s
- 5 lÜ (.„ )
« o ™ y í <- ( ^ >*}
{e '¿
AcAáinj tke hom oje.ne.ous S o lu tio n to t/>e p a -ré ícu la _ r m é e jr a J . o f
Eft. ( E ( o ) P the g e n e ru i solutrion ca.n te e * .p re ?se d clS
1¿r(x,t) = sin[ A ; ^ ^ + S; Sm 03zt J

¿ = 1 /- s
+ W n Sin Í L p ^ nos-t fe 'O
Tke im ib ia i c o rtd íb io n s a-re given hy
'b J -(X jo ') = O , i*!í£ ( x , o ) r= o Ce /^ )
~rke.se fn ítia J. c o n d it io v is a-ve s a t is fVed /f

A¿ fsr (2-^ ¿ —o frr cJJ-, i ^ n
---------------------------- Sl-„ . / s,-0 n w í - — íi.U tl
“ w ' í i - r ^ n ”■ < 4
8 -7 9
Since. (£ „ = y\Z C 3Wlkere 0S¡ i í t L e f u nA a^me'n'baÁ
fre ^ u fc n cj -¿rLe ¿ r tc Jg e 3 Eg, ( F js ') Le.comes

F
n Tfx.
j r .'n n c jt - s>'n n V -fc I
n2-^. I
( E <í)
tU j -fclie to-tai res f>onse o# U e tri’dge Ca_n Le ex^re?rec| as
<2¿r(X',-b') = 2. i r sm ^ -¡r-
E l 7T^ • { " '" '( ^ r ) S1" u -* ]
L -(# ■ )
Sm 2TT*
+
> M ^ )‘
37T x
sm - y
+ - |s ín 3 £í>-t — ^ -ÍíL_^ s in 9 G 5 ,t j . h----- O . t)
8 -8 0
Chapter 9
Vibration Control
f-4 ° E X~(£~ ) a = (S ' 53 ra d / s

^ 15 0 0 J
V r sjreedi o f th e a u to r n o ¿ íte c‘r> ^ r r y / >
6,9= 2 TT — 2- TT Í^ Q o o O V - i - . Qt 3^ g t v ra ^ d /s
( 3 6o oJ 5 7
r - Ü - _ 0 - 3 4 9 1 V
05 " ~ 1 6 . 3 2 9 9 "' ^ 0 , ' ° 2 135 V

Y - 1 Y ir m ^ |o ^ m
I j X ~ d» sbla-cernerií o/ ma/Ss ( s s en^ e rs ) P W£ f>e~ve

X_ „ 1 _ ^____________________
Y i „ /^ o S 9 3 x fo^ V
x » 10 = ___ ÍQ........ 2.
4-5693 VZ ' 10* - ¿ f - 5 6 9 3 V
^ 0<?
Th us p o ,íse n ^ e r^ w íU perceive v iU ra ^ Y o n in th e
n e f^!n 4 o r hooJ of 4 <£.7 g|<£ Speeá •
lossiMe methods <2 improvin^ the olesíjn'.
í. change the sziffnesí of ¿he s<jsiem ¿y c U a - n j i n j
iire p r e g a r e ,, o r s prí n3 * o f ¿ he su sp e n sió n .
2. ck a,n ^ £ th e m c^ ’ s0/ fche s ' j s bem by e-J«A.inj rn o re

mcuss ( Á eouÁ iv e t'g h t).
3. A o lc í ol a - m p í n g to th e ^ ? c £ m uZ iny b e tte r
shock ajb> £or¿> ers.
X Ct) - X COS 651 j ^ z Ct) = cqsz c& t

9.2
/ V (- fc ) -- 1 XJ W í* u ± ¿* = T f ¿ S in 2 CS T I
0 O
9-1
_ V-/ Líen 1 Sin £ 0 5 T
- A
T í5^ íi +
4 05 T }
2
+ O X
} - 2.
* rm» = x/ ^
For sbcu-biíc. ba-la-nce. '- t >
2 Fx = o , s? = o
(-/ere
^ Fx - m. Y] Caí 9, + co* 0 2
/• r3 ot5 0 3 -t mc rc coi ec = o
35 (ff©) Crf 40° + ÍS(fo) otí 2 2 0°

-+ 2 5 (1 3 o ) o ? * 2 9 0 ° + m c rc orf ©c =. o
^ 2 5 4 9*< - 1034 • l + l i l i • 5 + mc rc csrf Qc

=£■ ™c r c Co5 0 c _ _ 3 0 2 6 •5
í f j » ^ [ *""l '*i*n © 1 "+■ ^ z ^2. În ®2 "t" ^ 3 în 9 j + rrtc rc Sin ©c = o

4 “ 3 5 ( / / o ) Sin 4 0 ° 4 IS ( 5 ° ) Sm 2 2 0 ° + 25 ( f 3 o ) sin ¿ 3 0 ° + TV)Crc í*V» 0C — o
=+ 24 7+ . 1 2 — 2 6 l'1 3 - 30 54 •02 5 -+ rc S1V1 Qc = o
^ tn£ rc sm e c= /4 4 7 . 025
tn
c rc ~ 0 ( ~ 3 ° Z é ' Z~h ° ZS' ) Z J ^ = 3354*036/ £-
, - l ( 14 + 7 .025
=+ — Tift/n = -25*5525
- 3 0 2 6 •5
U n ce du .e “t o fióle is- j=>voj o o r - 6 Cono-I. 60 C^*m ) •

Let rn^ = niaSS rem oved ^from 5'ttr «j/e
= TCLchus o_dr luhích 5^" lio/e 1* cfr»/fso| — 5 ¡n•
lüUich (i 0 Iq ¡s- dr i LL e .d
0 5 — o rn ó le a - t 5 ^
s i F x - ¿ Y - r n - c n s = o
4 (4") CP* o° + 4 (4") Cp3 60° + 4 f 5 ) Cl7* /20° + 4 ( 5 ) or? / <5*(3 + rn ? 0/5 G ^ so
4* (é + <5 — f o — 2 o + 5 r n _ GTf &5 =0
5" rr»5 Cc--* 0 r — 5
s ^> = S . r¿™ ¿ -í>'n e¿ = O

¿ —1
9 -2
=7- 4 C4") 5ir» 0 ° + U(4) S\r\ 60° + 4 Í 0 Siri 120°-+- 4($) Si'v> 150°+ r? ^ 5 sin d ? = o
^ O + / 3 . ^ 5*6 +- l 7 ‘ ? 2 0 -f O -+■ Y> í * S ^ 95 - o
=> 5 rn^ S in 9 $ = - ?/ * , 7 6
/. rn 5 = -i- \ / ( ¿ ) X 4 f-3 1 -1 7 6 ) = 6 * 3 4 -3 6 oz
- 3 76
= bcu-n C ) =. - 79 • 106
EFX= 2 r¿- orf 9 ; = o

i =1
S fn c e c Ji T/ cure sa-me., we lia v e
0*5 C&í \0° -¡r 0 * 7 arf Í00° + 1 * 2 arS \S0° 4 ^ 9^ — o
=>■ O- 4 9 2 4 - o- 12/52 - I* <5176 + ^ Ürf a¿j — O

=¿> m ^ 0*5 9 ^ = o •8 10 8 8
_ 4
2 ? Fy = 2 ty>: T. ?m 0¿ = o
^ 2=f
=£>■ o- 5 Sin (0° -f- a>7 Sin 100° -f- í*2 Sin (90° 4- = o
S*’**» 0¿{- =
=>■ ó>08G8 4- 0-6 S 4 4 - O» 2 0 # 3 4- Sin Qq = o
ro^ Sin 9 ^ = _ o* 56 755*
m .4 = [ ( o - 8 i0S g ) Z+ ( - o . ? S 7 í í ) 2' 3 ¿ = o-9 g 9 9 6 oz

, -1 r - o . 5 é 7 2 g \ _
^ 4 = i¿ü n r~ ~ / - — 3 5 • o o 4- 5
^ ' o -ílo í? ^
Au = O rm'(s , 4 0 CCW ^
tl-t- íiT = ( l 9 mí Is, 150 ° C C W)
w = [A t 4 A u-etíT
= (|0 Z 4 I 9 Z - 2 ( « o ) ( l7 ) e o s UO Y * * 18* 194-3
lV_ = crim in a l unba.Lct-r\ce - A v - f (0 — 6 - 3-2977 oz

l Av / VlS* 1943 /
-1 A-u 4 A¿ - . - 1 |“ Í02'- H S - 1 9 4 3 2' - I ? 2, ~7
C< = COS = COS
L 2 A L 20)(|8-1<?43) J
= c*5 ' (o- 1425 ) •= 7 3 - 4 0 3 8 CCW

Co n n d fn g U J^ e e l wt’H ¿>aJí2_neeci *'£ «3, u /eí^ K t o-p 2-2 9 7 7 oz *s
cuoUJed czJÉr 7 3 - 9 0 3 8° c,lo c.fc üj i ?e j-ro m b k e jsosíéion o£ -tke "tria.A
WeígM: or ( 6 5 4 73*4 0 3 2 ) = 143*903 8 ® d o C k u íse From tk e fko-sre
m cur Ic*
9 -3
X ; = (fió «rf* . 15° CU/)
■T = ( g .8 TniU, 35* CCW)
Oir-w V
Ay. = [ a -u + A U+ZJ- - 2 A^ ^ ü t u - Co? ( ^ - e ) J
= £ 6 .5 * + g-82 - l(6 -5 )($ ‘g) Cj r f S O 9 ~ ]/ z = £-773 7 n ^ ls
W0 = on'gmaL un b a la n c e - t íü \w - / §.;.f V - 1-9 1 35 oz

' Aw/ V 6- 7 7 3 7 /
cV - COS
- i f A Í + Aw -
—
A u+w rl _
I = COS
- 1 f 6*5z + é - 7 ? 3 7 2„ ?-J2 “l
--------------------------------------
L 2-Av. A is J L 2. (s-5-)(S *7?37) -1
- eos” 1 ( o . 12.4-0 = 3 Z - ? é 7 0 ° CCW
F ^ w b e e l w ill be b a ia n c e d cl, u ^ U r a \ | . 9 i 3 5 oz * a J M J a i
2Z*8690° cuy from . th e p o sifío n of tb e - t r ía l weigKfc o r (^ -4 5+ 8 2 •8 6 % )
- 3 7 . 36?Q ° cuy from . th e fK ase marte._____________________________________
98) = ( 4’ Tníís’ * 5° cC W )
A * * * ,» (*™ k, I4 5 °ccu y )
Aetr= [ A Í + / £ +fcr •)]*■
= ( 4 Z + Ez - z ( 9 ) ( 0 coi 100° ^ = ? - 5 4 5 3 milr
= o r ig in a l unb a/a.nce = “ ( - ^ ^ 5^ ' ) 4- - l«67S2 oz
c¿ = dos 1 ^ A u ~h - Ay+url _ ?-5-4S3Z - 5-:

2- A/u Atj- J l 2 *4.<<?.54-5-3 /
= ^ ' (0, ? 6 4 6 ) = fS’- é Z é l 0 CCW
(Jrinc3«VtJ wAee l U x ® /ê. bxzdhsLn^cJí-J? cj. OJ q j& Jjjjrjz ’ cjj- i'é T é Z OZ ^
osX Á jlÁ 55*éZS( CU/ J-rom (Xe_ ^fo^t-Son cf|- XíxjLoX ar
^2Q-F55'»62g» ) = 75T- 62. £ { ° CW JVcrm i f e ^ > K c^ - n r t o ^ . ________________
F ig u r e 3.11 (¿ ) shows t k a t rh e Ja^raíe. cxnn^Ss_ L&ÍZj^Lí.-¡-^ TAjL cJL¿¿^JLa-Caj™*™£

<X*y£ tfaz- d b zlV ^ r^ J-C&-C-*- ¿3 3 0 ° a-t" cl* ra-fe? cr|_ r = i - T h e
fcfLCZ JLslo^jJLí lb_e_ i h_j?.r JLnJiv^-r^ f^LCe.
¿S JLljjl. to tfe. Czjr^Í5zLî£j^ct^- iz^-Cc 0^- ffe. rrxa-£-s:> tAe.
J ^ T J L cJ Z ori ¿5^- tAí. CUr-¿a¿ía-r-tâecl rn& -¿S ¿i ^ 0 ° CíJ-^SxzA of tfñjL .
fience "fite rofiU$<S -Aa-s Ü3" moVS/C? ¿xf" 2-2. 9 ° -h 3 0 ° - 3 17° o í
xsnÁZCjzühí~jX t f e ^ zo ~ ^ zh -cJ2 /í .
9-4
(9 1 0 ^ ^0 r ^ tcctic b a . l c c n c e * s u rn ° f oXL in ertia . fo r c e s m u stbe Z ero :
m ) r, -j- vn2 ^ 4* ffl 3 Fg + ^ b i rb[ + m b2 r ¿ 2. - O (Í=l')

wh.'c^ ¿e u jr itte n m s c a l a r - fo r m o í
rn,r, arí&< -t m z r z coSe z + m5 r3 co* © 3 -+- m M r bl cm -f c^s e b z - o
m,r, Sm e¡ + m r¿ sm &z -t- iin 2 r5 + rj>, ** rfc2Jma fe2- ( Z zo)

Far clyncun/c íxxlcunce ¿ s u m <>JL m o m e á i s Aue t o i n e r t i a ^
•rnust be z e r o about jaoin h . ~ff\e m o m e n ts a Á o u t ~tks. p o in t j
d e fin e d , by tb e. ¡r r t e .r s e .c t i o n of z-cutís w itb p¡a.ne A , 0 'V e r
rt + 69Z r^ + i* w 3 a*1 r> + L d ^ by + Lh¿ * l z < ^ * b z = °

or (f’ f)
Jl,m, r, atfe , + 0 ^ 0 ,+ h z ^ i z ríz ^ e bz= ° (% )
í| rn, r, Sin 0 J + ^2^2. -sm 0 2 + ¿3 m3 r? £‘ n ©3 + ^ b z ^ b z rbz S,'n 9 bz ~ ° CEé )
EgS. ( £ 5*) c u J fe ) 3«‘ve
m¿2 r¿2 = TT>I F ^ **" ^ 2-rn2- ** ^ 02 ^ '^3 9\)

2.
_{- (^ | rr?| r, -ív o @ j 4 - ^ 2. ^ 2. r 2 ^ 0 2 -f- £3 -£C»-. Q f ) > C1^ 7 )
_l f $ |^ 1 f j ^C-r\ Q \ 4 - ^2 r 2 '£'¿1-. 0 ¿ -{ - ^3 rr?^ r 3 0 j» -i

®J,2 = -tas* < — ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i fe g\
(_ a , tíi [ T, C oS < 9 ¡ - f - Coi 0 2 -i- r? C crf Q% J /
O n ce a/»-d 6^ a^re ûn J , EgS. fE i") a «vj (" E?) C om ise

u sa d to d ete r m in e
ml¡ r t | = ^ (fm, r, u& a, 4- c o í 9 z t rn 2 r 3 e 3 + mhz rh^c*s &y^

2-1 ^ /- \
-h^m,r, Si‘n 9 |-f-rn¿ r¿ ^ 0 2 + ^ 3 r 3 <4^ 0 j +. ^Cr. j- [£ 9j
1 f iw,r, ím 0,+ mzrz sin &z + mi r? fm 4. m¿z r¿2íín e bz ,

9yl - ta.-r. 5 s C£ /o)
L m, r, Cíá 0 ,4- TOiC, coi e^+- m j r? 0 ^ 0 3 + c^rf )
L et Wg a rrj Wc ¿e H e am oun ts (v e ijh t s ) c f the ma,beria-l rem oved

,*n |í>lcuies B cm4 C ajn.yu.lajr tocationS 0g 0C j re sp ecti vely.
T be matericcL rem o v ed mu.S"fc baJa-nce. th e weiyhés cuddeA
[ te m porcL-rlly') in jolcunes A ojvA O. Mea.Su.ri r\y a^rx^h-í co u .n ta r-
cíocK w ise fr o m th e hori£oritcL.L (- x .- clxís) , w e neeal to scutisfy
th e follou/iny e&ucubions fo r s t a t i c hc^íccnciny o f t h e r o t o r :
9 -5
¿f
-h VJs r 3 e B + Wc rc orf 0 C - 0 (e ,)
¿= l 4
2 W ; r 4* S in ©t* -f r g Sm 0S 4 w c rc S m ©c = o (e ¿ )
í =i
S in c e w , = W2 = w 3 - 1^4 = 0*2 tí, 01=50; 9 Z = - € 0° J 9 3 = I Z O ° j
Q^= -izo 3 r, = ~ r3 = r¿+ = 3 fn, ctn J rg = rc - 4 fn j ■

( £ , ) CUTT^ ( £ 2 ^)
0 * 2 .(3 ) S o a - t O . Z f ? ) C o tf(-6 o ,)-f- 0 - 2. ( 3) C oi IZ O -f- 0 < z ( 3 ) Co* ( - I Z O )
-f / f W-g Co-í 3 g -+■ ¿e U/q CjtS © c — O
=£■ We> csxf Q g _j_ Wc 0 C — 0 ‘ 0~75 C Ô
O' 2 ( 1 ) ¿ i » 309 -f 0 -2 ( 3 ) ( - 60 * ) + 0 . 2 ( 3 ) IZO0 + 0 *2 ^3 ) sm (-I Z O ° )

I 4 wB e g + 4 wc ^ ec = o
^ Wg 0 3 -f- Wc /S-¿vi 0 C = — o •O2o I O
For d ^ n c u n í c ^ U n c ín ^ £ tü-Km g momen-bs -fro m jjlct-n e. A ) ,
W 3 Tg ^ 3 ü rf -(- W ^. ^ ^ Cp5 ^ 3 O g -f- Wyc ^ C£rf @ c = 0
W5 r 3 4tm @g -f- U4 ^ ,4- ^ 0 ^ Wg r 5 A g & g -h *c^ c ^ 0 C —O
i-e*>
o. 2. (3) (2 4 ) ^ ,20° ■+■ 0 > l(l)(2 ¿ i) CtfS (-iZ O °) - e l c * * % + W f2a) ^ ec = °
0 -2 f3 )(2 4 )/^ /Z 0&-e O . Z ( 3 ) ( z 4 ) ^ ( - 12.0° ) + Wg (4) (4 ) ^ e g -h U/c (* )( 2 o) *£* ©c = o
[Q l^ g qt5 © g -f-3 O ©c — 1 4 ' 4 C^5\)
16 iVg /S ¿ri0 g
• -f-ffo W<- 0 C — °
Eg¿ •C E3 ) ar«^ ( e 0 9,V e IC ( o ' O l s ) + G¿j \HC a * &c = /4 -4
<TC V Ic CsrS 9 C = 0*20 625 C^T"}

E g í » C e 4 ) o-'Vid ) 3 iV e 16( —o *o 2 o\) + GA wc &c = o
<sr Wc Sin ec = o. o o 5 o 2 5 ^ Eg )
E^g. ( £ 7 ^ (£ g ) < Û
Wc = [ j 0 ‘ 2 0 G Z 5 ) Z H- C0 - oo S o Z G ) 2' ' ] = 0-2063 U> -)

(O
, —» / o- o o 5 o 2 5 v f
0c= ^ ( ^ I T F ) = !-3 9 5 7 j
£¿S*CE 3') cl^ C e 9^) 3 iV e üj5 0 g ^ - O. 13 I2 ¿e i (E|
£^S * ( ^ 4 ) Oj-rüsí (^ s) 3 ‘,vrS W g sin 9 g ■= — 0 - 0 2 5 12 5 )
u/s = [ ( r ° - í3 i2 4 ) z -e ( - 0 - 0 2 5 i z z ) 2 ] / 'SL = 0-1 3 3 6 .tí
9 -6
, - c*o 25 125 \ 9
0B = ^ (-0 -Í3IÍ4 ) = JO-^77
ATnou.nt m a - i e r ¿ <2- 1 ¿b ¿e rem oved :
o • 133 6 tfc oir (0 ‘ 8 3 7 7 ° CCW exir r a ,d í u s 4 ín /a /o^ e B
cunA O'Zoé 3 Ü> exir |- BS^T C C W exir ra-diu.s 4 ,'r, plañe C .
WC = 2Ü>» Wj> = 4 , WE = 3 ¿6 , rc = z" , rp = 3 " , fE = j " ,

0 C = 30% &p = 22.0° , 9E = - 30° .
Ldtr U/^ , r¿ ; Wg J íg , 0 g cieno-te -¿rte W et^tts’ o-Aáe.d m
jala-nes /\ a_n<d G , res’p e c t i V e t y .
For s b o -tic L o s la -n c in g J
wc rc o * e c 4- W p r p Cpí 4- W E y*£ 0 e + lÂ rA SA + WG rG C7* &G = o
=> w/l rA ^ r£ Cp* =: S - S 3 4 (E j)
W,- r*c Sin + U^jj rp Sin (3p -(- Wg r£ $t*n 0gr -(- U/A Sin 9^4- *C? Sl"n ~ °
=4- u/A rA sm e A +■ rG = 5 .2 1 3 0 ( ^ 2)
For dj/no-mic l a l o - n c i n j , u;e fca-k-e m o m e n t í oJôu-t tA e le f b b e a .r in j
(p la ñ e 3) :
w c rc orf 6 C 4- U/¡> r*j) ^ 3> O í &J, -+- U/g r £ o,? &£ 4 - rA 04
-f- Wg r G ^ o í % - o
^ - 1£ WA rA o* eA 4- g# wG rs o* <9^ = 2 0 1 - 4 0 » fe )
^ ^C. &C. "¡“ ^4 p ^"p ''tOr* 0 p -f- l//g ¡Tg 'ívn. 0 gr ■+* ^ ^ A^ 4Cr> &A
•+■ r© /Wn e G = 0
^ -<6 W A r/4 ^ a A 4- U/g- rff ^ ©g - l-rz.5¿+¿+ C£¿t)
^Zs ‘ C ^ | ) E 3) ^jielci
— /6 Cüf^ ~ 2 o í » 4-° 5
or u/g Tg cpí = a-as'K (% )
E ^ j. ( e - ^ ( E 4 ) g.V e
- 1 6 ( ? • Zl SG^) fo¿j ^ = 3 7 2 • 5"44

cr Ws rG ^ n © g = 4 . ?í?4 2 fe )
E^ * Ce 5 ) f e " ) 9»Ve
W (5 rg = £ ( 2 . 9 S l i ' ) ¿ + ( 4 * 3 ^ ' > t ] /sL = sr. 2 ^ 4 9 tt- =

fe )
- bxm ' ( 2 . 9 5 ^ “ ) " ^ .O S -^
9 -7
£ ^ I - ( El) * ( ^ O CXjT\A C£ 7 )
c^s = 6. 5? * - 5 .2 2 4 7 C^s ?a-o549e= 3 -6 4 2 .7 7
a /• (^sO
A rA /^ ri 9 A ~ 5*2136 _ 5- 2 2 4 7 -^-ó» 5 6 -o 3 4 9 = o ■9 0 o 7 J
í 68 ) provtde ^
UyA r A = [(3 * 6 4 Z 3 )Z+ C ° ' 3 0 o 7 ) 2’ ] 2 = 3.7526 fc-.n

^ _ i / 0 o**^9 o0 o0l / \ o ( (^9)
sa = ^ ( T T iT T s "
X£ -fAe. i o o ic L n c ín g w e i g Írtí cure. plo-C -e.d cJr cl, vclcLi'c^L d is-tcu n ce. o £
2 U ín jola^nes A o-n d G „ W£ Aicuve Y^ — Y^ = 2 f/ o~nd iie.nil e
WA = (.8763 XA, 0¿ = 13-2277 ¿ = 2-6425 X¿ , 0S = 5 6 -0 5 4 9 °
yA = f f Z loo V* V-.
9.13) - - o- 8£$2 +¿ 4-7Z4-0 1B £
VB = 4 Z X § i L = 2• l■?_ i ~7 X ^7* 2 é8 Z ‘
- - 4 -o - *
~¡j^ _ A b r VA — 4^/3 Vg
v /= é .5Z ü £
_ __ 3,25 4 ¿ 5’*ó2?2- gR A a L~~ A fin A s l
7 ; » 4 ^ Z il2 l A SL V, - a *l
_ _ 3 . 4 4 7 2 4-x 2 - 2 ? 2 5 uR =
A*r - A¿¿_ a SR
v /' = £ - o Z í2 -
=. o»a + t G - O U 4 ? *70 5T£
Bl - - u, = 4-2315
y^ "_ 7. o Z £ °l
— 3 , 5 + t 6*o<á 2 2 Br - _ = 2*12 1 7 / - 3 7 . 2 g g ¿'
/ *
U^L = 2 ' O 3 0
_ 1*732.1 -h ¿ 1*0
"Wtf = 2 - 0 Z i l
ss 2*0 + ¿ 0
A = 7/ 7 ^
-*1- S [^
= ,.2 ^ 20 / h i t H ! £
Y = va '~ 7
-----------
= a*6?l 3 ¿ Ih 2 l^ L
9 -8
(f ^ l4 )(C b ) 05 - l0c^ x ~ Í04--72 n x d / *
C e n t r if u g ó fb re e s d(i£ to roto-tíng masses ( a U p a W í e l to
y 3 -- ^ kng) are
FJ =■ M| r, íó '1 — ( ?° / o o o ) ( s/fo o ) (/o 4 " 7 2 .)z 4 - 3 , - g é s i
F¿ = Tr'2.r2 í<5 2’ =(lo / lo o o ) ( y í o o ) ("lo 4 - 7 ^')2 = (O* 966 3 N
F3 = rn3 r ? 69z = ( 4 o / o s © ) ( é / o o ) 0 4 - - 7 3 -)2 = 2é*3<9l M
“r ie s e oa^n ¿e W rltten ,'n. v e c to r form a^s
^ = F/ 1 & 1 _ = ‘f 3 • s é 5- í / _Q° = 4 3 -?é5l / r Cx ) ^ / 7 7 ?)
fí = F1 / ® l = 10.9663 A i2 _ ° = - ? . 4 8 3 2 ^4 9 -4 9 71 íT
^3 = ñ* Z £ l = 26 - 3(9/ /200 = _ 2 4 . 73,9

The m olnents of- t k e s e to rc e s tzl4¿£-y\c¡Xotó- fíj-. cJ t A rt^ x Jr
¿e \=cxlasrULe-J iru Í£ jl. cr£- tkc_ bzâJrU*^- ^ ou ^Z crri^ oJr S. Hen.cs
•5T ÁT = 0-2 t X 43* gé5/ ] * + ( - ? * 4 ? 3 2 ^ 4 7-4971 iT )
^ — —►
4-0*7 t x. ( - 2.4 - 7 3 /7¿ — 7-00/7 -k ) -f 1*1 ¿ x ^3 = O
wkere ¡?g ■= recucf;ion a ir í>eartng 3 aîd * X 1 dehofreS' tAe Cross
b ro d a - c t. t ^ ís ^ iV e ? — -r — “T — x,-\
r - i ? . 1307 -k 4 5-25 2.4 4 |.| -¿ X K 3 = O — (^ 1)
^ 3 ~ (^°J f + -6 - íe ) . rk e n M Á x (cu^ 4 t k * ) = |. | cu iT _ | . | t ^
f E j') arruí (g ^ 3 ,V e Cb= I3.75-52. , ¿= 4-7749 "- - (^ 2 )
.-. ■R’ g = I3 .7 5 5 - 2 i 4- 4 * 7 7 4 9
S im í IcLrly, by to-ícing m o m e n ts ¡a-h o u .ir Bí

— O- 2. -¿ X (1 24-73/7 > - 9-0017 -#c ) - o- 62 x ^ - 5 - 4 ?3 2 í^-_f_3. 45-77 -jT’ ^
— O- 9 ¿ X (^43* ^ 5 1 £. ) _ 1.1 ¿ X = ó*
Wh e re - reactio>r> a t beart'ng A = c / 4 d * .
— 3 í •2 4 2 3 *fc 4 3*^92^ — (• f C -fc 4 f •I d f — O
c = -29*4021 , d= -3 *5 43 6
/. R* = ' 2 9 * 4 0 2 1 / - 3 - 5 4 3 6 -íT
N ote t k ó : th e se cw-e ro to .tín 5 v e c t o r s .
(k ) S in c e tK e jzta-nes L a_mjd R pa.ss tir o u g i -tke kecurrn^y ,a cij-icÍ. S ,
t ie ¿a ./a -n cin ^ £ o rce s cure 3 «‘ven
i “R = _ 7 S _ _ 15-7552. J. - 4-7749 7 = w R r CJ2 ('ar5 9 R ¿ + X .n 9 e 5 )
í-e. TT7r ( 0 . 2 5 ) ( / 0 4 - 7 2-)Z coS 0 R = -13-7552
(O- 2 5 ) (/ 0 4 .7 i ) 2- X«n <9fc = - 4 .7 7 4 3
•'e ‘ rnR C o S 0 R = - O ' O O 5 O I 7 , w g g = . 0 .o o l7 4 z
9 -9
= \j (f 0‘ O O S O t l) (-0'00¡74'2-)2' = 0*005311 -kj - 5-311 g.
0 R = U n " 1 ( ^ ''0,00l74' ^ o - O ( j 5 0 l 7 ) = I?* 1480° + |SO°= lW-I+SO*
^ - 2 S * 4 - 0 21 / ” 4- 3 - 5 4 3 G = m L r CS^Cp* 0l / + e L ÜT )
. 23* 4 ¿ 2 I
''e ‘ tt?L ü?5 0 L = --------------------------— = o * o i o 3 é
(o -2 5 ) ( io^ . 7Zn)
77[_ n e L = _____ 3‘ ------ = 0-0012.33
(O-25 ) (fo-f.72.)2-
7»L = 7 5 ^ 0 (0 3 6 )^ ^ (^ 7 0 0 1 2 ^ 9 3 )^ = 0 * 0 (0 4 4 ^ = (0 * 4 4 2"
0L = to^ r' ( ' ° ' oO<2- 9 y ¿ - 0 l 0 3 6 ) = 7 - ( l 4 l °

Nbre: Anjles a re mea.sured clocK-wise fro m wkiíe •ü-ootCing
Iro in A t o v io r d s 5-
S - b t f f n e s r o f s b e e l s h a , f b L e b ^ e s - n
[9.15
beaurinas = ^ _ ^ í_ í_ £ £ l
l F / 1 _
3ox io6 ) f t t , . ¿A M /. 2 T 2
* “ — Ti (iSf') / = 2 6 1^ ¿ ¿ /.a
(?o)
O ) C ribí c a í sp e ed — 63^ = — /jfp £ ( 8 6 ♦4 ^ - i o q . s t s I ^ ^ / se c .

v ^ V íoo
V ilo r a b i ó n C L trx p l í b u c l e o f ir n e r o b o r ( s t e & - ly s b a b e v a lu é . ):
E g*(9»39) *3¿ V e s "tke Gimjsli-tucle ¿n x - díV ecxioy) <xá

2 i i r n a s 2- e
d m 09 e lOher» d camping i£ z e r o = — __________ _
11< - m CíS2- |
Here. (03= (200 rpm ^ [lo o ( z n ) / 6o = i z s - G G A r r a J / s e e
e - O - s " , m 03Z - ( (2.ST. 6 6 4 ) 2 - 4 08G - S H 8

[Oo \ /. .2 . -f //
x = v ^ n r ) ' ' 3 9 | 2-
\3£ 6* 4/ [zéí?- 4 0 £ £ . S ’ Í / 3 |r ^
Si’m iía r ly "tKe Gumpltb«.de in 1 - di'recbio n is given ¿y

Y = Y = I* 39(2^ _________
R e s u L b a -n h CLm p lib u le o f b k e ^ íy w Á eel = R e \ J X Z + ^ - (*367 5
(c ) F orcé -fcr<2.n sm ¿fcte.d -fco ibke bea_ring s u jy p o r b s
= 1< R - 26 (g ( ( * 3 6 7 5 ) = g(«So * 9 i g ________________________
9 -1 0
QonsiJ.&'Tinj ¿eari'ngs aA Sfmple supports., the ¿prín^ constant o f tke
9.16) b&am iS’ ^_ 4 £ e _T where £ = JLtskcuice behoeen beaxinjs.
Let r = variable frosíbion of cerner

c f maSS- , ajnd
g _ statYC radt’aJ dc'splcuLement
o f center of masí .
Tken equation o f \no~tion ís
m r G3 Z = k ( r - Sst ) or
J>yna-mi*c ferce. —p = Vnr C32- = vn G32 ^ Sst
k — m C92- 10 1
SYnce F cuitrs a t tFe muidle of the beam, ^— — iH- /mg^ _ FX- _d_
tna.x 2E 4 2.X
Ujkere d = díameter of áUclf t .
s ~max F-^ d _ rn C9 K / d
(_-fc — v n C j " )
Suhstítutm^ tke expr-esrion fo r fc
£ <J f ‘f * e x
maje
?r t £ £ E - — m 03‘
)
mass 2 0 k^
9.17 xSNVVW 2-5 cm
/
/ T /
■\<!\VV\V t
- A -
1 rn
Stiffness o f a simply supported beam :
48 (207 (109)) ~ k (°*0254)

48 E l = 19.0521 (104) N /m
k =
Natural frequency o f tbe system:
k *\ / 19.0521 (104) ... . ,/

cÜr, — = \ / ------------- ^----- = 97.6014 rad/sec
=
m
V V
Frequency o f rotor (speed of shsft):
20
co —
6000
60
1
(2 tt) = 628.32 rad/sec
ar
WM rl amplitude o f tbe disc: A =
V (1 - r2)2 + (2 f r ) 2
9 -1 1
(a) A t operating speed:
u 628.32
r = -----= -------------- = 6.4376
97.6014
A - .. (0.005) (6.43762) = Q^ m
V ( l - 6.43762)2 - f (2 (0 .0 1 ) (6.4376))2
(b) A t critical speed (Eq. 9.41)::
Critical speed:
97.6014
co — oJq-j = ------------------------- — = — — = 101.7565 rad/sec
i _ i í _ 1_ , 39.0406 2|T
2 ^ I 2 97.6014
where c = 2 V k m C = 2 V (1 9 .0 5 2 1 ( 10 4)) (20 ) (0 .0 1 ) = 39.0406 N -^ /m .

co 101.7565
r = -----= --------------- = 1.0426
^ 97.6014
(0.005) (1.04262)
A = — ... -....... v K ’ = 0.06074 m
V (1 - 1.04262)2 + (2 ( 0 .01 ) (1.0426))2
(c) A t 1.5 times critical speed:
= = 15,2.6347 =
con 97.6014
A = (°-°05) ( 1-56382) = 0.008457 m

1.56382)2 + (2 (0.01) (1.5638))2

'9 . i8 ;
r= 6.4376 ; co = 628.32 rad/sec. Deñection o f mass center:
1 + (2 f r)2
R = a
(1 - r2)2 + (2 C r )2 I
— (0 005) I _______ 1 + (2 (0-01) (6-4376))» » = i.2465 ( 1 0 ^ ) m

| (i - 6.43762)2 + (2 (0.01) (6.4376))2 J
Centrifuga! forcé: m cJ R = (20) (628.322) (1.2465 (10- 4 )) = 984.2015 N
Bearing reactions: R j = R 2 = — = 492.1007 N
I = — d 4 = — (0.0254) = 1.9175 (10“ 8) m4

64 64
9 -1 2
(R l í . ) 1 492.1007 ( I ) ( )
— T — = - - ^ 7 5 ( 1 0 = 1'6040 (1° 8) ^
(b) A t critical speed:
r= 1.0426 ; u = 101.7565 rad/sec

i
1 + (2 (0.01) (1.0426))
R = (0.005) 2 = 0.05589 m
(1 - 1.04262)2 + (2 (0.01) (1.0426))2
Centrifugal forcé: m <J R = (20) (101.75652) (0.05589) = 11574.1319 N
R x = R 2 = 5787.0659 N
R l(j)(j) 5787.0659 ( i ) ( “ ^ 1 )
= 18.8627 (108) N /m 2
I 1.9175 (10“ 8)
2
(c) A t 1.5 times critical speed: m 03 R-
r = 1.5638 ; cu = 152.6347 rad/sec | ^------------------ j.
1 + (2 (0.01) (1.5638))_______ [2
r = (o.oo5) \ , r-r»oo2>2 ' '} ( — r r — ^2 1 = o-003460 m
(1 - 1.56382)2 + (2 (0.01) (1.5638))
Centrifugal forcé:
m (J R = (20) (152.63472) (0.003460) = 1612.1767 N
R x = R 2 = 806.0884 N
M áxim um bending stress:
(806.0884) ( - ) ( - 5 ^ - )
2 = 2.6274 (108) N /m 2
1.9175 (10- 8 )
Stiffness o f beam (k):

9-19) 48 E l _ 48 (71 (109)) (1-9175 (10 8)) _ 55 3 4 7,734 4 N /m
k “ ~ ~ l3
Natural frequency:
= j g g ^ 734l = 57 . I 6I I rad/sec
ÜJ-r
9 -1 3
6000
co = (2 tt) = 628.32 rad/sec; r = — = ■j ^ ' 3 2 = 10.9921
60 wn 57.1611
ar
WMrl amplitude o f rotor: A =
1(1 r2) 2 + (2 r )2
(0.005) (10.99212)
----------- — = 0.005041 m
j ( l - 10.99212)2 + (2 (0.01) (10.9921))2
c = 2 V km r= 2 V (65347.7344) ( 20 ) (0 .0 1 ) = 22.8644 N - s /m
Wr 57.1611
1 1
2 2 2 2
c 22.8644
1 - 1 i - i
2 2 57.1611
cu = 59.5946
= 1.0426
~ 57.1611
(0.005) (1.04262)
A = = 0.06074 m
2
j ( l - 1.04262)2 + (2 (0.01) (1.0426))2
1.5 üJñ 89.3919

r= = '1.5638
CJr 57.1611
(0.005) (1.56382)
A = = 0.008457 m
9 2 (M ^ ^ operating speed:
r= 10.9921 ; u = 628.32 rad/sec. Deflection o f mass center o f disc:
9 -1 4
I. \2
(0.005) j l + (2 (0.01) (10.9921))5
R = ------------------^-------------------------------------J
2
------- r = 0.4272 (10“ 4) m
(1 - 10.99212)2 + (2 (0.01) (10.9921))5
Centrifugal forcé: m <J R = 20 (628.322) (0.4272 (10~4)) = 337.3052 N

Bearing reactions: R j = R 2 = 111 ^ ^ = 168.6526 N
Rl ( f ) ( f ) (168.6526)(1)
Máximum bending stress: = -------------------------- = 0.5497 ( 108) N /m 2
I 1.9175 (1 0 -8) V } '
r = 1.0426 ; lo = 59.5946 rad/sec
(0.005) |l + ( 2 (0.01) (l.0426))2 r

R = -----------------^ ’--------- = 0.05589 m
y ^
~2
(1 - 1.04262)2 + (2 (0.01) (1.0426))2
R j = R 2 = 1984.9425 N
Máximum, bending stress:
Rl (| ) ( | ) (1984.9425) ( i ) ( ° ^ - )
= 6.4698 (108) N /m 2
I 1.9175 (10- 8 )
r = 1.5638 ; OJ = 89.3919 rad/sec
í |t
(0.005) j l + (2 (0.01) (1.5638)) r
R = ----------------- i-------------------------- --------------- — = 0.003460 m
(1 - 1.56382)2 -f- (2 (0.01) (1.5638))2j 2
R x = R 2 = 276.4855 N
9 -1 5
K. <£>( f l (276.4855) ( ¿ ) ( ° f i )
= 0.9012 (108) N / m 5
i 1.9175 (10-8)
3600
k = 3.75 (105) N /m ; f = 0.05 ; u = (2 tt) = 376.992 rad/sec
@ m = 60 kg ; a =
’-'-b
2000 ( 10 ~6) m
- y T - V 3'75Sq °6)- = 25°-° rad/sec
u 376.992
r= = 1.5080
a;n 250.0
(a) Steady state whirl amplitnde:
a r.2
A= (i)
(1 - r 2) 2 + (2 f r )2
(2000 (10~6)) (1.50802)

= 0.003545 m
1_
(1 - 1.50802)2 + (2 (0.05) (1.5080))r
(b) During start-np and stopping conditionss, rotor passes through the natural frequency
of the system. Thus, using r = 1 in Eq. (1), we obtain the whirl amplitude as
0.005
A-Ir=i — 2 f = 0.05 m (2 )
2 (0.05)
Lst t = o
@ Un lsa.lcLYice.cA forces:
Fx p — m r G3~ ( Coi of, -f- L¿ri c<2. + c*5 + Ccr5 o(^ y
“ m r c j2 o ° -f oy? ¡ 80 ° 180° -f- 0° / =

m 2- . „ 2.
f ^ ^ ^ (cp * 0 ° - f Qrf 3 £ 0 °H - C ^ ? 6 G a + c&S 0 ° )
* 4 = ± ( - £ - ) U f ( 3 0 0 0 _ x z * \ z _ 3 2 6 9 . 4.4.95- ¿¿
¿ (O ^ 6 . 4 / V T/ ^ so y ”
Un ba,lcL.'nce.d momerrts : ^ 0 | 3 ^
M*f> = ( ¥ ) + ^ f z ( ^ ) ,_________ I j
- F * h (4 )- F* h l ( ¥ ) ;£_ I J_ I
2. i Z
9 -1 6
m r C3 LA
3 coi O + CC¿ IS O — O rí IS O 9 - 3 c& f O
- O
'.JS1 ( 2- ) ■*" ^* ¿7. (■ 2. ) - F-XAH ( 2.

.2 , o2-
— Tnf ü3^¿_ f -2, C_p3 o -r Cctf 16O — O * "3 60° — 3 Cí7* O* )
2 J? ^ 7
= O
FX k - ^ r o ? 2 (g t 5 =(, 4- 07* ^2.) - m r ü 2 ÔrS 0° ■+* Cx>* ISO0 ) =

t
2_m r 2.-2
£9
F*¿ = m r— — ( 05 z ^ , ^ 2 .^ 2 ,)= (<05 0 # -f- 07* 3 ¿ o ) =
X A ” je
filo m e n a s - a - b o u 't fcKe r e j-e r e n .e s . f5 ( a .n e ;
^ m r a?
M,u - fvu. - 4 • rF Xfa2-- —
2. (o > * O — ot* I5 0 ° ) = A m r cd
2
F _ A m r 7 3 ¿ (u A o ° — cM 3 C O ) = O
PX^2 . —
2
2.1
rces a_ncí fsri m e t r j
//
r= 3 - 3 ¿4 , 1 = lo " , 03= I 300 rf) m = 157-08 r a J / seo ;
=. O , c<^ = |go ^ * ? = 30° 7 * 4 = 2 .“7 O
Assum e mc = O a_nd rn^. ^ = = 3 ¿4 •
C onst-'der bhe. v e r b i ca^L a n d ^ a r iz o tib ^ L cá m p o n en ts o f bke in & rii'c^
torces a-F -fc = o • T k ís gives-
/ 2_ _fL
Fx ^ = wc) r o 9 or? <*¿
— ^rrij. -f- mcJ r c?2" ( O -f- c a í f2 o -f o?*- 3 0 -f- co* 2 7 0 ^ — o
9 -1 7
2- 4
Fuu- - mc f 03 ^
u—I
= - rnc r L32- C^ 4 °° 4 ¡20° -f- -4c4 90 ° -f- 270° ) =
Fx ¿ = > -J LhSr?- S í ^ z-^í

^ Á=1
.1 , q 2
= ~ 0°4- c ó ?6o° -h c*f 1*0° -f- arf 54. 0o) — o
"Prímcurg a n d seco n d cu ry forC .es cure ¿ a - la n c c d .

Alomen-ts óout tie r e f e r e nce jalone-.
% t co + Fx ^ c o - f^ 3(o - c o
— ( V ^4 roc^ r Ct3Z jV C crí 0 + 2 c^í l?o* - 2 C a5 90° — & c ir J 2. 7 0 ° J
— 4 r G52' ( V f 4 wc) = 4 ( 3 ) 0 57 -02) = 2.Z3g-g3i6 IL -i

= u n boÁcunceA fzrimcLry co u jd e
<V = F ^ íO t P ^ r fO -^ fW - Fx^ ( f e ;
m fa r 2G3z r
= —L _ |_é Cerf 2-X ( 4 2 c^ i 2X Z - 2 2X3 - £ C^í 2^ J
A*
— a p i* ( « ) - ( ¿ - ) ( > ) * ( í n ' » ) ' W 4
= 275#* 5-?#o
— Un kcu[cLnce.d /Seco n4a.rj coup/e
= ^ 1 (0 4 (2) — F ^ ? ( i ) -
— - mc r 63Z /&« ¿X, 4. 2 ^5v« X 2 — 2. ^ <x3 — 6 ¿tn ^ 4 ^
— — m c r 65^ ( 4 ) = o since me. = o .
Prim arg untóa-nced fo rc é s a r e given ky
@
P
•
Fs f > =
= ¿ (F .),,
í=l
= ¿ - ( m4
r6 3 2 < * * ( « * + * r )
ÍCjZ ^ ( “ *+ *0
00
(E e )
S e co n d o -rj u n t s c lo - n c U forcé fr g.Ve „
FXíS = k (F ¿ )jc = 2 tf"> V J^ J L ^ ( ^ + 2 “< 0 (E l)
P rim cu rg a-nd .¿ e .c o n d a jn j u r ¡ lo a .la ,n c e ji m a m e n ts cure g iv e n ¿g
n -1 o
(**.)> = j e : (F ,)t ^ , ce,)
(/V )^ , d : ( F x ) A : z¿ fe>
(4 * 4 = ss (% )
E g - ( E i ) giVes
6
(jn J, +-1« C') r o s 2" ^ C^S <*t* = (™ p + mc) (2 o í o '- f z 110 °
Z = I¡
-c
4 - 2 Cc¿ 2 4 0 ° ^ =. O
Eg. ( £ 2.) g t V e s
- mc r o s2" ¿ sm ^ - - m c r c^2” ( 2^ 0° + z ^ ¡zo° + z 240 )

¿=i = o
(E ? ') <3¡ v e s
o 2- C 2.
m h r fe? Jfe „ . ttil r 03 f o 0 0.
_ £ _______ - 2 ? Cpí 2.<=(; = —í 2 Orf O + 2- OTÍ 2 4 0 + 2_ orí 4. go ) - o
i 2=1 n 7
Es - ( e 4 ) 3 1''" 23
£
(rn^^nic') r ^ 2- ¿ l¿ qr¿ - (™ f> -f-^ c ) r fe5â, /¿o % 2 240°
¿ - 2-
4- 3 Cst¿ 2 4 0 * -f- 4 075 4 5 ^ 0 ) ~ 0
ES ' ( ^ 5 ) 5»VeS
^ l L orí z * ¿ ~ ™)r r 03 3 l £q*s 240°+ 2 420°

a ¿ - 2. ¿
4 - 3 o£ 4 2 0 ° + 4 G7* 240 ° + * Qrf C ] - O
% 'C ^ s ) 5 ‘V e s
- m e r o ? 2" ¿ J?¿ í ¡‘n <*; - - m c r a 3 Z o, ¡2 0 ° 4 z 240o
¿ = 2. V
-f- 3 tu* 240° + 4- /5-C* 120° -h 5" O ) = O
/. Engine <*-£ c o m js>leií:e(g £ o r c .e a_nci m om ení b o u / a - n e e . ^ .
(0O 69_= [H ? - o ca = 600 rpr” - 600 * _|IL _ e 2 - 8 3 2. ro J / J

\J M 60
J±L- ~ OO > c — o
0&n
P0 = m a 2 r = ( 2 - 5 ) ( & 2 - S 3 z f ( T s l ) = 7410 ’ 223 S N
^ P
% • 0 - 9 q fe X = rr = — 2 - I - - o 4 , .S L „ „
f 1c —m 03 ^ 'N 63n
^ ^ y
9 -1 9
(ja ) G3n , Jé - = o
* F- = = - ~ - = Fa = 7 4 - 0 - 2 * 3 ?
* - mCS i - (% $
CS = 2 5 Hz to 35 Hz. = 1 5 7 'o S r o J/ Sec to 2l'?-c?/ Z rcU/sec

9.27)
Tn ” § 5 /9 .8 1 ~ 8*6 6 4<©
l~ r a .in £ T n ¡S S i Lilt'-é-y o f aur\ u n d a m js e d teclcL écr jív en by £
r - 2. ' (O
For S0 /£, v í k r a / t i 'o n »‘So(cl» " ¿ fo n 3 £g - 5 iV e s
0 -2 " (i-(» /W )l | í '~ ( l t ) I =
- ^ - = ^ . 2 .4 4 9 5
/4t CS = 25 Hz, 69n = l5 7 * o $ / z * 44-95 = 6 4 - 'i z 7 4 r & i/ s e c
At £j= 35 Hz, ^ = 2 (9 . 9/2/ 2 . 4 ^ 3 5 = 2 9 - 7 7 8 3 raJ/sec.
» * u „= {% r - ^
or ^ ?«8I
S<-, =
A-t a>= 25 Hz, = <?-s i / ( í 4 - I 2 7 4 ) 2' = O•O OZ3 25 m
At I5 > = 3 5 Hz, Sst = ? ,? 1 / ( ' 2 ‘? , 7 7 ‘? J ) Z ~ > 2 .0 0 1 2 /7 TT,
Se(e.et stcofcTc. J.e.f le.c.-bio-n o f is'ola^'fror oS0 - 0 0 23 S5 Tn .
c A e c K in g th e per jt r m anee a J- 69 = 35 Hz :
69^ = 6 <f' ( 2 7 4 ro J /s e x L - At 6 5 = 3 5 Hz.,

1
T = — I------------------ -- ---- — — ■= o •o S 5o
r |i - / a i <? ^ ! ^ / 6 4 W Z 7 4 ) I
91-s/ ¡Solos-bco-n , H e tte r th c tn ‘¿He re g u fre d c o m o u n t.
^ st °^ " ^ o lo y -b o r = o *2385 Vnm
= goo 650 = 6oo r^m. — o p e r a t ín g sêed = 62-332 'CaA/se.c

9.28) -7- _ _ _ .
I r " 2' 5 at 65 = 63„
Eg ' ( 3 .9 4 ) g iV e í
9 -2 0
Tr Z = ------- '+ ( 2 T r ) w ith r = -g - ( E|)
(¡-r 4 + (z r T *
At r = <, _ z I+ 4Í1 , „r _ i -f- 4 A , _
TJ. = — ; í '25= -■■-■— =» T = 0-2/82
4 . *5- 2- 4- T
At o p e rcd rm g speed 3 T r = o -1 ou-id T = o*zi£2 ¿ E ^ ./E ,) î’ves
IT 4 (°-zisz)z r z
(o .,)" =
(1 -*"*■)* + 4 ( W i s i ) 2- 'r "‘
, upon si'ifíplrficoJbi'on, become.s
r ^ - 20' ?595 r Z -99 — o =4. r Z= 24 '54^3
G5o
cy r = = 4 . 3 3 4 4
O? y-.
S ince 090 - 6 2 - 2 3 Z r a d /s e c ^ 03^ = 12 -6 0 ^7 r a d /s e c = J j l -

2_
1t = W = ( j Z . 6 o? 7 ) - |^ ) = I 2 9 5 8 - 5 -0 5 4 ,v / tt
/. X sola-tor i's d e j-fn ed ty

k = IZ ? 5 2 ' 50^4 Â1
t\J—A
C = 2 m ^ T = Z( - l ^ y * 2 ,6 0 5 7 ) ^ 2/8*-) = 4 4 ^ 6 1 3 ?
M = 50o ^ 2 Yne = 50 c/n , 0 3 = 3 0 0 rpm = 3 1- 4 / 6 rc-d /sec

F0 = s te a ,d y s t a t e f o r ce m ^ g n í-tu ^ e = m e 632 > o ^ ■= \Jk/ y ¡
Sbafcic. d e f/ e c t io n o f com pressor = SA = _ÜL - ™ e (^ A
k 1< '
"TrcvnS mfssfon radrtb — TI. = ^ _ f i -t ( 7. v r ) 2" 1^ ^ n
5 ' ) ----------- 1------------------ 7 > ^z)
uiitV, r - . ( ( í - r 2-) 4 (2 T r) /
A m p li'tu d e of víofa/fcrov» of c o m p re n so r
- X = F>3/ T* x , 2.N2- ^ 2- 2. -l'/z . __ m e — ■ r ......... - (E:
/ [ > - * ca) t ^ c ] - Á ^ ( . r *) l + f i r r ) 1 A '
For a> good d e stín 7 ^. m u s t te Sm o-tL. Akc> -X sfiou-ld te

sm o -it jt r sm a -líe r dyna-mi'c s t r e s s .
9 -2 1
r so lector w ith 1í SkoCk cuhsar ¿ e r W¿th Y a-nsI
^¿5' ( ^ z ) jW Tr— O* ( a^r-ud Y =
o* I = l-f- fo - 2. r ) >2
([- ^ y L+ fo .2 r)s
Fvr s m a.Lt TU» T — -^- s Aouid
b e I<xrge o r £$n sma.Lt or r * - 5-'7é r2 - 7? =o
L et Tr = O-l So bhajb or r 2’ = I 3 • 56 5 5
or r — 69£o
| - r i | = 10 -
r = ^ - = J7 T = 3 -3165
05^ = 31* 4 1 6 / 3 .
= 8* 9*? 2.9 r a - A /s e c
Ü9n = = 3 , '^-,é/3*3/éó
= 3 •4 7 2 ¿ f reiÁ / s e c .
1t = ( Z ' S l Z l ) 1 (zoo)
= 16 W - 2174- ^ /m
srt = fesrK11•*'«>*
1c= (*<*>) 3 6 9 ( 9 * Zí 7 4
= 4 4 863-1801 U/m = o *O I 3 4 ir»
r 2’ = 1 3 . 3 6 6 9 * ( ¡ - r 2- ) * ^ |92*9?03
* 4 4 gg 3-1^ 0? (2 T r)l= ( o * z x 3 . 6 S 6 ) 2*
= 0-0110 rn
= O- 9 3 47
y*2- - II , ( ) - r t ')2' = /oo
2 ^ 2
( ¿ t r ) = ( o - i r ) = (o-2x 3-3 les) 13. 3 6 6 3
X - * ) ,
= o- 4 4 900 \ / l5 2 *4 3 o 3 - f- o - 9 3 4 7
efr.ceO-.
= o* OO 1079 "m
vx: - fvíoo
— )/ — = =
1‘
900 7 100 i- o * 4 4
- 0 * 0 0 ( 0 9 3 *m
S'inCe. X |S S m a lle r t‘n tb e ccuse o f s h o c k cubsorber, ib i¿ bo be

jorefe.Yre.cl. Jn th is ca.se, cu sm<Ûer v a lu é . o f -k v i ti be
«cierrfc; tkis -(e a -lr ¿3 che.sL.fser le s 'ig n *
9 -2 2
m - 200 ^ , * =1 0 0 0 0 N /m , T - o* 15, ^ = I lo f ' _ 7 . o 7 <| r a d /?
9 .3 0 ) p v too
Ca) _7 7 > i s
f ± + (/■
r \z
2 * r)
1_
_ ) 2- ÍJ
Fr«m E ^ . ( 9 * 9 9 ) ^ ¡ r = ZT
( i - r l f + ( ¿ T r ) * ■> > 1
f.e. i-f-(zTr)2 > ( i - r 2- ) 1 + . ( i T r ) 1

i.e* 1 > ( i - r zy
4-
This «jires i > í + r ^ - z r 2. r 2. r 2- o
r 2' ( r t‘ — 2. ) <0
r < o or r < 2.
fhyst C<z-LL>j ôí Sitie ySoiubt'o n is 69 < JT c jv
< JT (7 -0 7 1 1 ) « /O r a d /^
< 3 5 .4 -9 2 .7 r| ?m
(M Ff
< o* 1 :
Fron, e-g. ( 9 . 9 * 0 * 1 + (2-t O < o - o í ¡ d i - r z ')Z + ( z r r Y J
1 -f- o - o 9 r 2- ■<" o - o í -+■ o- oi r ^ — o*o 2 r z h- 0 * 0 0 0 9 r 2
0*0 1 - o* i 6 9 í r 2 - o * 9 9 > o
( r i - i 6 - 80 2 l ) C r r 4- 5.£920) > O
i-e. r 2— / 6 - Í 0 2 » ? O) r^-f- 5 -892 0 > 0 or T - Í6*2O2I<0, r%-5-*92 < 0
i-e. r Z > (6-802/ , r 2 > - 5 - ? 3 2 or r % < 16- 802.1 , -5*892
(n o t p o ssitle )
r 1> 16- 8021 , r > 4 » 099o
69 > 4-■ 033 0 ( 7 .0-7 IO = 23*9844 r a d /g = 276-7803 r^fn-
9 3 l ) '^0r ^ ^ a m p e d system, transmission ratio is:

Ft k
Tr =
F, k — gj2
Since isolation is 60% , we have
Ft = ±
= 0.4 = ± 150 300 k - 383.1386
Ff k - (2 tt)
386.4 60
or 0.4 k — 153.2554 = — k or k = 109.4682 lb /in

Tlms k has to be less than 109.4682 lb /in to provide more than 60% isolation.
m.g__/C \ mg 150
k = = 1.3703 inch.
;st Lmax 109.4682
9 -2 3
1200
m = 50 kg ; cj = (2 7r) = 125.664 rad/sec ; f = 0.07
60
nJL
Ft 1 + (2 f r)J 2
Tr = (i)
(1 - r2)2 + (2 f r)2
For 75 % isolation, Eq. (1) gives
1 + (2 (0.07) r )2
0.25 = or 0.0625 r4 - 0.143375 r2 - 0.9375 = 0 (2)
(1 - r2) 2 + (2 (0.07) (r ))2
Tlie solution of Eq. (2) is given by:
io
r2 = 5.186255 (positive valué) or r = ----- = 2.2773
CJ 125.664
This gives 04 = = 55.1803 rad/sec
2.2773 2.2773
Máximum stiífness: k = m cj2 = (50) (55.18032) = 152,243.1865 N /m
m = 80 kg ; w = (2 tr) = 104.72 rad/sec

9 .* ? 60
2000
(a) = 0.2 = ± = ± ( 1)
F0 10000 “ k -m cj2 k - (80) (104.72 )
Using the negative sign in Eq. (1), we ñnd
0.2 k - 17.5460 (104) = - k
M áximum stifíness = kmax = \ = 146217.0453 N /m

1.2
(b) Steady state amplitude:
F0 10000
X = = 0.01368 m
ÍV
146217.0453 - 87.7302 (104)

1
B
(c) M áxim um amplitude o f fan during start-up:
F0
fe
0
X = CJ2
k — m uf k 1“ —
<4
where 04
-VT-V 146217.0453
80
Using oj = 0 4 , X —*- co. Henee an undamped isolator must pass through resonance very
= 42.7518 rad/sec
quickly to avoid damage.
9 -2 4
3000
9i34 ) m = 3° ° k s ; ^ = — (2 tt) = 314.16 rad/sec ; F 0 = 30,000 N
Requirements:
1* = ~r = small —► k = large (1)
2. X = — — < 2.5 (10“ 3) m (2 )
(k - ' J f + (J c 2
Fo
3. X | r_ ! = — I r_! < 2 (10~2) m (3)
w2 c 2
1 - r2 +
ÜJ
where r =
Fx k 2 + u? c 2 2 1QOOO = _1_
4. (4)
F0 I ( k - m c j 2)2 + W 2 c 2 I - 30000 _ 3
5. For achieving isolation, r > \^ 2 . Henee
k < or k < 14.8045 (108) N /m (5)
Since four inequalities, Eqs. (2) to (5), are to be satisñed, in general, we need to use an
iterative process. From Eq. (3), we obtain:
F0 F0 30000
< 0.02 or c > 4774.6371 N - s / m (6 )
, , tu c . (jJ c 314.16 c
k(— }
W e assmne c = 5000.0 N -s/m and k = 6 (105) N /m as trial valúes. These valúes
satisfy Eqs. (5) and ( 6 ) and give:
(k — m (jj2)2 + (j? é = |(6 (10S) - (300) (314.162))2 + (314.16 (5000))2
= 23.6611 (105)
and the left hand side o f Eq. (2) becomes:

30000.0
= 0.001268 m < 0.0025 m
23.6611 (10°)
and henee Eq. (2) is satisfíed. The numerator on the left hand side o f Eq. (4) is:
k 2 4- (J c 2 Y = 1 3 6 (1012) + (314.16 (5000.0)) = 6.1844 (106)
9 -2 5
and the left hand side of E q . (4) th u s becomes:
6...18i l í l Q6j = 0.2614

23.6611 (106)
which is less than the valué on the right hand side. Thus Eq. (4) is satisfied. The final
design is given by k = 6.0 (106) N /m and c = 5000.0 N -s/m .
/^ ^ \ m = 120 kg ; me = 0.2 kg-m ; k = 0.5 (106) N /m ; f = 0.06
^ = | A [2 = 64.5497 rad/sec ; F T < 2500 N

m
Eq. (9.103) gives:
1 4- (2 (0.06) (r)); Fx 2500

< <3
(1 - r2)2 + (2 (0.06) (r)) m e w: (0.2) (64.549721)
1 + 0.0144 r 2
or ( 1)
1 + r4 - 2 r2 4- 0.0144 r 2 < 7
Setting the left hand side o f Eq. (l) equal to — , we obtain

r
r5 - 486.1111 r4 + 1103.1111 r2 - 555.5555 = 0 (2)
The roots of this cubic equation are given by

r? = 0.751358 ; T1 = 0.866809 ; = 55.9523 rad/sec
r 2 = 1.52760 ; r2 == 1.23596 ; Wg = 79.7808 rad/sec
r| = 483.834 ; r3 = 21.9962 ; = 1419.8481 rad/sec
From Fig. 3.16, the valúes o f w2 and CJ3 can be interpreted as shown in the following
figure. It can be seen that the forcé transmitted to the foundation will be less than 2500
N (actually, less than 2500 \^8 /3 = 2357.0226 N) over the frequency range u/2 ~
(i.e., 79.7808 rad/sec - 1419.8481 rad/sec).
Ra-nge -----
9 -2 6
me = 1.0 kg-m ; cj = 800 to 2000 rpm = 83.776 to 209.44 rad/sec
9.36) F 0 = 7018 N at 800 rpm and 43865 N at 2000 rpm
Fx < 6000 N over the speed range ; f = 0.08
To find k.
i_
1 + (2 C r) 2 |2 < 6000
Relation be satisfied:
meej2 i ( l — r2)2 + (2 £ r )2 I m e cj2
1 + 0.0256 r2 2 . 6000
or < --------- = 0.8549 at cj = 800 rpm
(1 - r2) 2 - f 0.0256 r2 ~ 7018
and < —-------- = 0.1368 at cj = 2000 rpm (1)
43865
Equating the lest side o f Eq. ( l) to 0.85 at cj = 800 rpm, we obtain
1 -f 0.0256 r 2
= 0.7225
1 + r í - 2 rf + 0.0256 rf
or rf — 2.00983 rf — 0.3841 = 0 or rf = 2.1856 (positive root)

or ri = 1.4784
Equating the left side o f Eq. (1) to 0.135 at cj = 2000 rpm, we obtain
1 + 0.0256 r|
= 0.018225
1 + r| - 2 r| + 0.0256 r|
or r| — 3.3791 r| — 53.8697 = 0 or r 2 = 9.2211 (positive root)

or r2 = 3.0366
cj 209.44
By selecting r 2 = 3.0366, we obtain
= — = — = 68.9713 rad/sec. If rx =
r2 3.0366
uj 83 776
1.4784 is selected, we obtain cjn = — = - ■ = 56.6667 rad/sec. Thus cjn = 56.6667
r^ 1.4784
rad/sec satisñes the transmitted forcé requirement at both ends o f the operating speed.
Yerification:
cj 209.44
A t the speed 2000 rpm , the valué o f r = is: r = = 3.6960
cj^ 56.6667
This gives r = 13.6604 and
1 + 0.3497
2 = 0.09166 < 0.1368 o f Eq. (l).
1(1 - 13.6604)2 + 0.3497
Stifíness o f the isolator:

k = M cj2 = (200) (56.66672) = 64.2223 (104) N /m
9 -2 7
m = 100 kg ; oj = ^25. (2 tt) = 62.832 rad/sec ; Isolation = 90%
9.37? 60
F^ k k
0.1 =
F0 k — m w2 k - 100 (62.8322)
39478 6022
or 0.1 k - 39478.6022 = - k or k = = 35889.6384 N /m
1.1 '
Static deflection o f isolator: 5^ = ÜLI_ == _(9-8l) _ q Q2733 m

k 35889.6384
1800
9 3 8 ^m = 200 kg ; cj = (2 7r) = 188.496 rad/sec. Unbalance = m e = 1 kg-m
60
permissible forcé to floor = 8000 N
Ft 8000
Forcé transmissibility: Tr = = 0.2251
m e u? 1 (^88.49S2)
1 + (2 <: r )2
(1)
[ ( 1 - r 2) 2 + (2 f r) 2
Freqneney ratio (r) that satisfies Eq. ( l) can be found as

1 + (2 (0.05) (r))2
(0.2251 ) =
(1 - r2) 2 + (2 (0.05) (r))‘
or r — 2.1872 r — 18.7239 = Oor r.2 = 5.5568 (positive root)

or r= == 2.3573
co 188 496
Necessary natural freqneney: 0 4 = — = --------------= 79.9633 rad/sec
r 2.3573
Possible Solutions:
(a) If the available isolator is used,
\ / — = * \ / = 57.7350 rad/sec
^ = VV m
m - V 300 '
(smaller than the necessary valué o f 79.9633 rad/sec).
If tw o identical isolators are used in paralíel, k^q = 2 (106) N /m and
* \ / = * \ / = 81.6496 rad/sec.
w m v 300
(approsdmately equal to the necessary valué o f 79.9633 rad/sec).
(b) If the isolator is available in the forrn o f a helical spring, it can be cnt into two
halves and one o f them can be used for isolation to achieve a valué o f 04 = 81.6496
rad/sec.
9 -2 8
Mass of engine = m = 500 kg
9.39) Forcé transmitted with. out isolator = F^ = (18000 cos 300 t + 3600 cos 600 t) N
Máximum magnitu.de o f forcé transmitted:
F0i = 18000 N at cj = 300 rad/sec
F 02 = 3600 N at cj = 600 rad/sec
Tlie m áxim um possible forcé transmitted will be tbe sum o f the magnitudes o f the two
harmonios:
F 0 = F 01 + F 02 = 18000 + 3600 = 21600 N
Since F x == 12000 N, we use the relation
Ft 12000
or 0.5556 = or r = 1.6733
F0 21600 1 -r' r2 - 1
At cj = 300 rad/sec:
CJ 300
= 179.2843 rad/sec =
^ ~ ~ ~ 1.6733 500
or k = m ( cj2) = (500) (179.28432) = 16.0714 (106) N /m

FTi
W ith this valué o f k, the valué o f —— at 300 rad/sec is:
F 01
1
TI 1 2
— 300 = 0.5556
01 1 -r f 1 -
179.2843
/
or F T1 = 0.5556 (F 0i) = 0.5556 (18000) = 10000 N
F T2
The valué o f at cj = 600 rad/sec is:
F 02
1
f T2 1 2
— 600 = 0.0980
F 02 1 -r f 1 -
179.2843
Since F t i - f F^ 2 - = 10000 + 352.8 = 10352.8 N < 12000 N (permitted valué), the

stiífness o f the isolator can be taken as k = 16.0714 (106) N /m .
At cj = 600 rad/sec:
cj 600
^ ~ ~ 1>6733 = 358.5729 rad/sec
k = m cj2 = (500) (358.57292) = 64.2872 (105) N /m (1)

FTi
W ith this valué o f k, the valué of at cj = 300 rad/sec is:
01
Fti
300 = 3.3331
1- rf 1 -
0 1
358.5729
This corresponds to a larger valué o f F ^ i than F 0i and henee the valué o f k given by Eq.
( 1) is not suitable for isolation.
1 (5280)
., Speed range: 40 to 80 mph. Since 1 mph = — ~ = 1.4667 ft/sec, speed range =
9 .4 0 ) 60 (60)
58.6667 to 117.3333 ft/sec.
R oad surface is given by: y(u) = 0 .5 sin 2 u ft ( i)
T- 'H
where u = horizontal distance (ft) = v t, v = velocity (ft/sec) and t = time (sec).

2 7T V
Since oj = 2 tt f = where oj = frequency o f road waviness in rad/sec and s = one
s,
wave length (ft), Eq. ( l) can be expressed as
y(t) = 0.5 sin 2 u = Y sin H t (2)
where Y = 0.5 ft and Í2 = 2 v.
Steady state response o f the system subjected to the base excitation, y(t) = Y sin Cl t, is
given b y Eq. (3.67):
xp (t) = X sin (fl t — <p) (3)
( 1 + (2 f r )2 V*
where X = Y , „ „ „ (4)
U 1 —r ) + (2 fr)2
M áximum acceleration of mass (driver) is given by
xp(^) ! max - n 2x
= n2 y í 1 + (2 ^ ) 2 2 = 2 (32.2) = 64.4 ft/s e cí (5)

(1 — r2)2 + (2 f r)2
A t 40 mph:
O = 2 v = 2 (58.6667) = 117.3334 rad/sec, and Eq. (5) gives:
1 + (2 f r)2
n* y 2 = 64.42
(I r2)2 + (2 f r)2
2
or (117.33344) (0.52) |------ 1 ^ ^ = 64.42
1 n ’ 1 (1 - r2)2 + (2 (0.05) (r ))2
9-3(1
or r 4 - 116.24 r2 - 1.1424 (104) = 0 (6)
The solution o f Eq. ( 6 ) gives (with position valué o f r2)
o
r = 13.4083 =
o 117.3334
ÜJr, = = 8.7508 rad/sec = "
13.4083 13.4083
. \ , 2 1500
Stiffness o f isolator (suspensión) = k = m = (8.75082) = 3567.2175 Ib/ft.
32.2
Check for acceleration at 80 mph:
Oj = 2 v 2 = 2 (117.3334) = 234.6668 rad/sec, = 8.7508 rad/sec and

o> 234.6668
r= = 26.8166, r 2 = 719.1306, and (2 £ r2 )2 = (2 (0.05) (26.8166))2 =
8.7508
7.1913!
1 + (2 ? r2)5
= n, y
(1 — r 2) 2 + (2 £ r2)~
1 + 7.1913
= (234.6668 ) (0.5) . , = 109.724 ffc/sec2 > 2 g
^ M ; 1 (1 - 719.1306) + 7.1913
Henee k = 3567.2175 lb /ft is not acceptable.
A t 80 mph:
0=2 v = 2 (117.3334) = 234.6668 rad/sec, and Eq. (5) gives:
f 1 + (2 c r )2
O4 (Y 2) = 64.42
(1 - r2) 2 + (2 f ry
1 + 0.01 r 2
or (234.66684) (0.52) - = 64.42
(1 - r2) 2 + 0.01 r 2
or r4 - 1829.98 r2 - 182798.0 = 0 (7)

The solution o f Eq. (7) gives (with positive valué o f r2): r = 43.8742. Henee
O 234.6668 , ^ /k “
= = 5.3486 rad/sec = y j —
43.8742 43.8742
Stiffness of the isolator (suspensión) is:
k = m col = ¿522- (5.34862) = 1332.6646 lb /ft

32.2
Check for acceleration at 40 mph:
Oj = 2 Tj = 117.3334 rad/sec, = 5.3486 rad/sec, and
9 -3 1
rl = = 21.9372
tí = 481.2415, (2 C r j 2 = 4.8124, ( l - r ? ) 2 = 230631.89^3, and henee
1 + (2< rri)2
xP (t) | max = n f y -
( l - r ? ) 2 + ( 2 C r 1) 2
5.8124
= (6883.5634) = 34.5563 ft/sec 2 < 2 g
230636.7107
Henee k = 1332.6646 lb /ft is acceptable.
Forcé transmitted to base in case o f Coulom b damping can be found using the
equivalent viscous damping constant:
1 Ni .
F T = j ( k x )2 + (c^ X )‘ = x k 2 + W 2 C^q
4 fi N
1-
7T Fr
(J
1 -
íX
4 /i N cüq _ (4 N )2 (1 - r2) 2
With Cgq ™” and
7T CJ X
4 ¡i N
1-
7TFq
( l - . r 2) 2 (4 fi N)a
1+ 4 [i N
4 /l¿ N 7T Fr
Thus F t = F(
1 -
ttF í ( l - r 2,
) \2
2'
4 /i N
1 + r 2 (r2 - 2 )
= F0 - ttF0
2
(1 - r2)
Thus the forcé transmissibility is given by
2
4 [i N
Ft (r 2 - 2 )
Tr = 7r F 0
✓
(1 - r2) 2
Under base excitation, the displacement transmissibility is given by (similar to that o f a
9.42] viscously dam ped system, Eq. 3.68):
_l_
eq 2
1 + '
X
2 (i)
Y
1 - X 1
<4J k2
CJ2 c 2
eq 4 (I N
But (2 )
k tr X2
Snbstitnting Eq. (2) into (l), we obtain
2
4 [i N
1 +
X TTkX
2 (3)
Y 4 /i N
(1 - r2)2 +
TTkX
Relative displacementt transmissibility is given by ( similar to Eq. 3.77):

2
ÜJ
Z_ m (J
(4)
Y
(k — m cj2) 2 + w2 c eq cJ c 2
eq
1 - +
Using Eq. (2), (4) can be written as

Z
(5)
Y
4 fi N
(1 - r2)2 +
TTkX
9 43) M = 200 ; m e — ° -0 2 k g -n i ; 4 1 = = 0 .0 0 5 m
_ M g _ = (200) (9.811 = 39.24 (104) N /m

0.005 0.005
cj = 1 2 — (2 tt) = 125.664 rad/sec
60
k_ = \ / 39.24 (IQI I = 44>2944 rad/sec
= M V 200
9 -3 3
(a) Assume £ = O for tlie isolator.
uj 125.664
= 2.8370
04 44.2944
Amplitude o f •wash.iug machine (from Eq. 3.81):
m e
X = < - - - = M i I g js r q !) _ ü .41.88 ( l o - ) m
M i 9.nn « v '
1 - 2.8370'
(1 - r2)2
(b) Forcé transmitted to foundation (given by Eq. 9.103)'-

1 f \/ ^ (2.83702)
j J2
F t = m e W,2 r' = (0.02) (44.2944 ) 1 --------1----- -= 44.8069 N
1 - r 1 — 2.83702
(2 tt) = 314.16 rad/sec

9 44) M = 60 kg ’ me = °'°02 kg’m ; w = ~Ü¡T~
Ft
Tr = < 0.25
m ear
Let £ = 0 for the isolator. From the relation:
Ft 1
Tr = < 0 .2 5
m e r2 cj2 1 -r '
we obtain |1 — r2 | > 4 or r > 2.2361

Let r = 0.25.
(a) r = ------ = 2.5 ; 0 4 = = 125.664 rad/sec.

04 2.5 1
k = M cj2 = (60) (125.6642) = 9.4749 ( 10 5) N /m .
m e _2
(b) X = (given by Eq. 3.82)
M 1 - r'
0.002 2.5 2
= 39.6825 (10- 6 ) m
60 |1 - 2.5'
(c) Ft = m e cj.n — — = (0 . 002 ) (125.6642) = 37.5987 N
9 -3 4
Usrnq N = 3ooo r pm ariJ S = o *o t m Eg . (9 •10 i) y te lA s
9 .4 5
N r 2 3 •3(532 2 - R
V<?*ol ( I - f O
or / 2- R Jó ^ o 7 (3 000)
v/"¡ c = = 10*030 4
V 1- R 29*3o32
or —— ~ = ( 0 0 • 6 0 8-1
I - R
or R - o* 98 9 9 6
f h u s khe r e d a c.t Ton ír> t h e t ra.vi s mi t be J f o r c é is d$- dS&/ g
, m = 3o tea . 09= fo - 7 5 Hz = 6 2-832 - 4 7 1 * 2 40 Tcu^/s

9.46) * '
* = o*25 , ü = 0(15
1 loo
U S ín^g tk e e¡ í s p I a. ce ro e vi t t r a n í m í s s ! ¿» í l ¡' z y ¿2s ™ r o * /5 , u/s
O t>t a .1 n 9
- l + (2 t r ) a z
0*15 —
( (1- r 2 ) 2 + ( z y r ) z J
Sf yuCLr i ' nj tkt' s e ^ u -O ^ tT o n , We jfi’n d
o •0 2 2 5 - 1 -f o- 2 S r 2
(î-r2) 2 + o .25 r 2
or — , « 2_ \ . 0*25 r 2-
o*(32 25 ^ |f - 2Í 4-0*25 r y - >
or . z
o-o 2 2 5 r - o * 2 8 93 7 5 r -0 -9 7 7 5 = o
Solu+Ton o£ thi'í egixaJríon •s •'
= 1 5 * 6 3 5 0 5 6 ; — 2 * 7 7 7 9 4 5
uS ^ ^ ¡_______ __ 05 _ 05 \f^
r = 05
or f\P 05 \Tm c9 JT Ó
V s 1*385018 £3
3 -954 ^ 2 5 3.3<54¿25
2.
or te =
Tû s te = • 7,5 7 3 » o 7 7 6 í^/m when 09 = 6 2 * 8 3 2 ra-A/s
425, 9S5-6Í63 í^/yn when c<5 = 4 ”? 1# 2¿f 0 rcL¿/s
9 -3 5
A vi c o \ <j s /*s :
\Áe» 7 , 5 73'0776 N/m ¡j WAen ic = 4 2 5 , 9 8 5 . 6 ( 6 3 N/

W^sn a? - 62-932 recd/s s ! u/hen ^ = £2. • 83 2 red /s \
" / E _ |5 . j g S2 rad /s ^r> ' = 119- 16 (7 ro-d/í
s ínce m - 30 1<^ Sín te rn = 3 0

r - 3 r - o•527 3
(2 “3“ V ) 2 - 3 • 9 O9 S 2
( z j - r f = a. f l S 3 5 1
,- r 1 - - th ’ 6 * 2 9 _y-i = 72 I3
•í -f 3-90 9 3 J_
•f o - o é 95 z
T1r =
( - 14 ■& I S 3 ) 2 + 3 • 9 ° 3 SjF T- ' f.(oc .7 2 l í ^ ) z + o •aiS 3 5 I J
= o-|5 ==> A c c e p t^ h l e = 1 . 3 4 5 5 =?> N o t o-acep to-tle
When cs=47í*2¿f0 /$■ WUw = ^-71-2^0 r « J / s :
v* = 2 9 - <6597 r = 3.9546
( 2. ^ r ) 2 = 2 19*^^51 ( á ' j r ) 2' = 3 'S o s s
! _ r 2 = _ I4'S'3S9
j„ r2 - -8 7 5 -6 9 7 3
J_
I+ 219-3251 r 1+3-9098 -) 2
Tr " Tr =
1(¡ - 378' G178' ) + H Í * ? 2 5 P (£-|if.6389) -f 3-3o 9 8
= o-o 169 1 ^ A c c e p i^ h íe - o-15 ftcceptcüole
s i l %-f neSS o£ the s u s p e n s i ó n - ^ - 7 ^ 7 3 . 0 7 7 6 M/ m .

¿3 - 600 (2TT) _
6 2-8 32 Tccd/s
9.47) 60
W /'s tr o K e ^
F = m r OS2 ~
2
.c e 2-
- = -19 (J Í)(é 2 .?3 2 )'
* / 3 8 6 ■4
= 4 ,5 9 7 -6 5 3 3 V°
10 O 0 0 •<3
(«0 = = 3 8 .5 5 0 7 rcu á / s
( 2 6 ° o/ 3 8 6 ' 4 ' )
r = — - 62-832 = /• 6 2 3 8
^ 38-5507
Sin ce 09 > 09 m , £ o r c e t r a - v s m¿ t i e d to ih e f o u n da~t ¡'on
( ^ 15 3 iv e n 6^
9 -3 6
£ 4597-6633 Vo
T - 2,775- 6 5 7 7
rz - 1
3 O 00(3 ■ 0
= 6 6 .7 7 1 7 rad
J // s¡
( Z&Q o / 3 8 6 ' O
r = ü - 62-332
r ü9„ =o.92f|0
66-7717
S in c e <. £¿9n , ¿ fo rc é F r a n s rn í ¿ ibed •£;© ib he fo u n c líL fr o n
( Fr ) is gíver» í¡ij
F 4 5 97 . 6 6 33
F
= 40, 14 S • g { 3 2
1 - r l - 0.8255
For h c c r rnorn'c ¿ a s e m o t i o n > •¿fie d í s f l a c .e m e n ’t irc ^tism issi bi l i t y

9.48 .
Is g »ven
t+ (? t O !
CO
Y
0 - r i ) + ( 2 T O 2- J
For o-n uncSamped i s o l a t o r . , . (1 ) b e co m e s
X __ I
Y ' 1- r
In -tFe presen!: ca.se
x_ _ 1
or 1- rÎ - 20 or ~ 2.\
Y 20 l~ r
T h w. ? r r: \¡2 i 1 ~ 4 15 8 2 6 ~
iíL_ - 2 ( 21T )
C*9n
or 4 TV
- 2 '7 4 2 2 r o -d /s
4 -5826
4¿ r ( 2 * 7 4 2'2-) = 7 .5 /9 7 M/m - s fc i ^ f n e s y /so ta cto r.
9 49) ^ e t ê shocfc ¡Soía,tor be u n ja, mpe-oL
tna-y. - x osn CO
**
X = - X ( 2)
wFere X «s tke ccwplt'íude of íbe 4fsp lacem ent ©.f the rnc/SS-.
Sin es the máximum step ve lo city is spec i‘ -f 1ed a s o •o I m/s> the.
9 -3 7
tntfLxím u m a,lLo weü»fe v ^ l u e o f X ¡S g i v e n by Eg.(i):
b
x = Xrnax < 0. 0 |
or 09n > ±™ ±x_ = 11l l = i r cl J í / s f3 )
S«Vn*lctrly, usín^ H e m n im u m s pee \f ,'ecf Vc^Lue o f x mc*.x

a.ír 20 - 1.96 «2 ™ /s 2 > ££ #( 0 31‘ ves
X 63* < l?6*2 or G5> 5 / * ma~* - / 19 g 12

V X V «'*»
or 69n r£ 140.0714 r a e | ("4 )
£ £ s ‘ ( 3 ) a'nc^ (^0 3» v e :
1 r a j/s S 63n < (4 0 * o 7 / 4 r o .J /s
Bg s e l e c f m j H e V&-Lue o f CJn iV, H e rni'oíclíe o f tbe r^ n je j
we fín á H e siíffn ess of H e isola,bor pcLcI ( * * ) cls
k = ^ = 10 (70*5357) =r 4 3 , 7 5 2 * ^ 5 7 0 (Vf/tw
m = 105 m á x im u m de f l e c b Con = o* 5 rn
9.50 d
Fro m H e re sp o n se s p e c ír u m , H e peo-k v a iu e of ^ me*-x ^
car te se e n to Ue cL j?f r o X i m & b e L y I* 75 ^ v<2-lue ©f
't o &3n
^ o*75 *
21T X
x ma-x. <<
¿
Usín3 X vneLx " ° '5 ^ ™p* - 1*75 gives1
o
1,75 Fo |t75 ( ioooo) y
Z----------- “ ----- — — -------- - 70, 0 0 0 * 0 N/ yy)
^m ax 0*5
9 -3 8
Body m íU M ( rr\) w ¡tk m g - <ó O Lb
s-ílffness = ^ 400 A t/m
N a . t u r o /1 f r e ^ u e n c ^ tir e . S y s t e m :
w n =. J ± - = /* !_ _ 1^00 (336-^)
v « \J -m5 “ yj ¡ —---------- = 50-7543 r o ^ /^
(,') ^ m p l i ' f u d e 0/ L o .s e V i 't r a - t i 'o - n - Y - 2 .0 ín

A t r e s o n a n c e 5 Shea-d^ /ifexíé o-im plíhu.de oj- LoJlj - X = 5-o ir
For f r e q u e n c y r o iY o f = ) (^ t - r o so r , a . n c e ) j £g . ( 3 . |0 s )
3 ¡ves
X c fl+ C ^ T ) 2
— - JL -
Y " 2
1 C2 T )
25 1 + 4 t í ^ ¿f
^ ^ = * * = o r t = o - 2 l S 2
U t i n j t k e jr & \a k i ’o r )
c c
Y = 0 -2 18 2 -
2 t r ü „ 2 ( 60/ 3S6 . 4 ^ (V o-7 5 4
or c = 0-2 isa (a) (50 .75 ^3 ) - 3 . 4 3 3 3 Xfc-See/,^
00 Wíiem ¿>«.se JY e ^ u e n c g ¡s US = ( 0 Hz = 6 2 • 5>*VeS :
Forc.e ’t rccns fe ffce m a ? s r V* X
- 400 ( i-2 1 $ o f ( V s )
= 913 - 5 9 6 4 •
9 -3 9
Di Sh\aX&m en'b fra,\nSmi s s í t i l i'fy o¡f o- d a - m p e d S i'n g /e
d eg re e o / freedom Sj/ste m SuíjecheA f¿ b íU e e * c i'W h 'o n ,
> ( t ) = Y ost J ;s gTven kj
21 i ■+
Y fü
(¿- r 1 ) + C 2. f i )
> ^ /T fr w r i | L e ir vei<7 cí+y ^

i C¡LJ-¿tarr*o i? ¡ l e /
cl.ufo m 0 b 1’ ( € be
V ^m/hourj
clwA W cly<®I engtfc
oj-
be
a y
X ™ .
Fre-^y-&ncy ínfro d u c e ^ f fo ffce fc> ffe a u u A b m o l y ile:
09 r 2 Trf - 2 tt / V ( 1o ocT)
? <0 <3 O /
= 0-2~77S X s C2 )
i
C O
» / r
preguen r c c tio : a?
x . X CO
je v k
p in j f / x t i’o : ^ _
V lT r ñ CO
S u b s f c í bu+e (¡i') cthd ( 5 ) in • CO fe obtcu'n
£1 + S
* 7 = °-” 7S r ñ
f * - i - * ™ »
9 -4 0
/ v c. \Z —
1 + 0 .0 7 -7 1 - 7 ( -------- A 1 2
\ je 4c. y
, V 1 x 2. /VC \2
(i-0 -0 7 7 I7 H M + 0 .0 7 7 1 7 )
% * * ) \ * y
9-41
(Y\a.fs o f m Sbruteen t - m = loo K j»
H arm on ic mofí'c7r)*. ^ S fn
Os = Ireûeh = 2o Hz _ (2 5. g 6 4 'ra j />
oc-cceleraJri'on = |_ y ^ | = 0. 5 ^
fltnbh'l-u d& - V — 0 '^ 0.5 m
r a - T - - —r = ------------------- = 3|.6Í3X<0 ™
^ l25-6é/(a
= O. O 3 I SS 3 *wn,>
Isolo-tor: 9 v „ c
£ = 2 5 XIO N/nn » 7=0-05
pn«-ximumr< di's fia-ce m en t r e s f o n s e ( x ) W Í f"/> t s o Lcoi~o r ;
0 )
( t - r x ) + f 2 Y r )
USin^ ¿9
^ = 5 ° - °
r= -g ; = - » ■ « « , 2-5133
50 •<?
Henee fce rr?a-*i‘ mum JLt'sfo l¿L.c.em e n f ir¡ s t r u m e n i: ¡ s
J.
2
rrC z,.66 9 > ¿ 6 ) S l + ( Z * 0,05 * ¿ ' 5 I ^ ) Z
—2 >S I 3 3^ ^ Z -{- ^2 xO'05 x 2*513 3^
- 6
= x 10 TO
Máximum cu ccetera fV on ex.j?e rCenceJl by -Hre Cr\sbrurr\ent

ÍS ;
•3- _ I ^ 2 . - 6£
03
1 =
=
(J25'664)
9 6 8 6 I ■ 5¿f x 10 ^
( e <133 S x
rn /’^ a
10 )
- 0 .0 9 É 8 S / U 2-
9 -4 2
/Yjo,$S o f fte ín s t r u m e n t = 20 — rr> *
Rcu\je o f ¿n j í n e ¡p reg u e «cíes* * ÍOOO r p m — 3 0 0 0 1rp m
or 1 0 4 .72 r® J/ s _ s í^ . lg rad /*
L et Stí ¿ f r e í r of sp riV y ( ,'s a tactor) t e * .
r u » j x = y í r - „ . 2 2 , s j t
R a rv je o f f r e ^ e n c y r a fe o ? i‘s •
•
62, , _ 62a
r, = -TT
09 1r. t» r ¿2 = 69n
10 ¿r"72 3 l¿( ‘ l é
or r ,= — —= r fe r 2 rr
0.2 2 3 é J * o.223éJfe
¿/6S .3303 , _ l ¿ f OS. 0 0 S 9

or r, = . fe r, =
■ _ I __________
nT T v ílT
To a-e.hi'€.v€ 9o ^ fSo ía /h b r » , tt e va.iue cífr tk e
¿jit'$plcLCjejner\í irrO'inSrnisS' i't» //i 3 "T~j i%s í
X
Td = - -o»1
E p.(9M o5^ íz r f ^ = 0 JtVeg :

sr
= o • l =■ c o
Y
For r, = k M - W y fZ o Eg'ÍO gíve*

I 2. 1 . 1 £>8 • 3 ^ 3 I—. /a
I 1- r, - 10 => I < - - — j — - (a
or te - I f l l l l i L . rr I? , 939^991 ^/m
II
For r2 - 1^05 •o o S l > £Fg - (/3 3 »V e s

2.
| 1- r / | =: lo ^ ^ __ IH o S * 0 o 8 3 I _ 10
te
9 -4 3
z
I¿f0 5 * o o 8 1
or ------------------------------ r í 1
*
or ]¿t° 5 ' ° ° 8k JC o A t~ t£T r v - ^ 5 ' J u / i^ a -c e j. otvs ¿a-^k rw-d~ 7C
** = 4 *^- - Zf ( 5 0 , o o o ' ) - 2 0 0 / ^ N^ m
_ ¿o ® - = 20 . 3¿ 7 s *3
° t'8 1 0
P 's ^ t c u o ^ o-] w : ^ ^
£ (-t ) = 0 . fl¿ 1O ■* w
[A óLKS rrÛ-sY* <SS/<^nÂ-Sí^r^f-k~ JOv-íOC_A (d”^
/ X ) 3 lVev- ^ El ‘ ( c>',oS^ ’
Y ~ o -02 v» ^ 09^ =
í ? • 0 y 5 É> Y & Á j J i J (ó ~ (O ¿ ^
. - - 10 1
r - - — - o f i c i o *+A 5- = o
£ p ( Í - l o 5^> g iV e i
¿- r l 1 2
- o- o 2 ¿ 2 _2
X - Y í
. <5 _ - V } J ( ( / - 0 . í010
= 0'02 ^ l ' O l í l ) — 0 .0 2 0 2 / m
9-45
/Ylítxrûnr, Víloeíf-3= |ú»X|= ¡ i e ( 0 ' 0 Z o 2 l )
= 0 . 2 0 21 Tn
2. . ~
|*lcucrt*ttw» cL ccelero^ V ow =: X ) - (jo} [0 ^ 2 0 2 ))
^ 2 *0 2 / m o / ¿ Q-
9 -4 6
Torsiot\aX sy s t e m w ith r o t o r :
* , = 600* M - »/r OÁ > ch = 100 N~tr'~ s/rajd > ^ s ^3-^2
X orgue CL'^li'ed to ro to r:
M (t') = Sin 091 ; = 500 N -m
SfeoJbj sta te £Lr»jntar d c'sf ta te m e n t rota r:
® = S° = 0 * 0 5 7 2 7 raJ
Find 05 OLhd torgue. frcaiSrni tteA ib ffre baê. ( S u j o p o r t )

a£. fke rotor System:
Forcé trcurisvníSSíbi'l*tj o £ t t e rofe>r S e st e ro iS
given kg o-r> eg u a ta ‘on -fe • (9 * 9 4 } :
Al T C 1+ ( * * 0 * ? Í
ÍY’ ° ( ( i - r a) 2 + C¿ Y O Z J ° ^
Tê steoJUj s t a t ^ maocfmum o^nôXaS^- <XiS^\ajz,e^Yruir^X L
+ Ke ro ta r unáer fke. a^ptaed 'A a rm o n íc fbrûe t's
g rven i>g eû^xfecrn ^ tm i Iclt fe % •O ?0 ) -

Mo
© = =, ________
2- ->J.Z co
{(k fc- Jo ^ z ) 2 -f ^ c f j
Co1- ) por O. 0 8 1 2 1 rad, M0 - ?o o M -">,
Jo - 5 ^g-mZ j C £ — IOO h J -tn -sí/ ro J i ojyiA
■kt = <8000 N - m / r& i , ^ ^ 3 ,V e s
( o - 3 -. e s * Y + ( f C3 >
^ © 2
, 'e '> z a ( s o o ) x
(6 0 0 0 - 5 W 1 ) + 63 O o .o o a ) = — ------------------------------
(ó .a s 7 Z 7 ) 1
= 9 2 . S2 54 X t* C o
9-47
i‘ ca /b 'or> o -f E^- (2f^) resutís m
¿y 4 2. 6
25 09 — 5 x ioT 09 -|- 3 * ! 7 ¿ / ¿ x 10 = o
R oots of- -C O c¡~re g i'v e n ty
0 3
Ü9. ^ = q . o 6 5 6 kio S 7 ( ' 3 3 h H X /o
1¿ z.
03^ g ■ vaÁ /A i =r ^ 3 > f 8 l S r « J /¿
U S . 'o j {fe V ia l* * - Cf£ >tk e
c fjj t f e L a>V rr^crn A c^d J U j -t o r ^ u ji ü :
09 = 8 - 099¿/ r < x 4 / /i .
(^b") fAa-X ím i» " t ’o r^ w .e IbinfmiihjLto tfc"e r t - crr
baíe. -¿5 given ¡>y E ^ - C O -

— -t
( oOOO j ,
~— — 3 ¿{ • G ¿t I O Y<XJÍ( / ¿ j
* ' , = ._ = o-2 2 27,

Z \l 4<± Jo 2 yjQooo (5")
2 2.
(^2 ^ r = (J2 x 0 . 2 2 2 7 x q . 2 3 3 2 ) a o-o I S 2 2 ,
I- r z — | - ( 0. 2 3 3 0 2 = o .5 ¿ í 5 ? ,
Q - r l) Z r o . 9 1 / E 31 = o. 89 3 7 ,
Eg •C O 3 ív e$
^ _L
\ \ + o-o 18 22. 7 2
/V1 T - 500 y — / _ 5 2 3 0 */?*/ Ay'“ fr>
L o ' 8 ? 37 f ° ’O I 8 2 2 J
9 -4 8
The ímuvY) clh<¿ taiWmuro v a lú e s o f r Ca¿c\ t e deéerm i'neA by
SeWifl3 á ('!>')
(O
dr
Hourever., ttre resuíh'nj e /c f ressi'on wií( ¿ e ie n jH y . Henee -fte
Va/riO-tioyi o f TJ U/iH r f o r eo-4> \JcA juJ l efc S is
jol&'t'é e j } uíuruj . (•? - lotSs) >cxn-Â, ~tke afollo u/t'njo t r e r Va-iri'onS
OsruÁ Co^cJhiS^crevS CGün t e . mjQshsL *
1. At T j = o ; 'H i's dehe te s f^re ínih'aA J°oi'rv(r cjp

olí T$: vers us1 r coJtves <dLvên^w tr v^Xu^f V *
2, Tê m áxim um a/w i¿ Ynm fm unr» o f Tj g lt u _ A cL $3b4ûiJ t j/
tfre ro o fs o f IFe eg^xfecm :
i T 2 r £ H- ( If c t ^ - í f V C s r 1- i ) r % 1 = 0 60
(obfeuncüble fr o n > conîÍTon O ") ) .
(a,*) por do-mprn^ r e t ío s m £ te range
O < V < J ------ - o. 3 5 3 5 ^
ia/íII A ov e tí v o posí+i've reoi r o o f s 5 ¿me ín
Pke rainge o < r <* sfz , o/rwd ft"® o f r e r fn fk e ra^nge
r > T~2 f T t e roa t [yí«-j i'n +fce r a m g e o < lf < \Tz
W» N {3e ¿X> rn íí.X1rn u.ro of Tj guyvc^ f/ve Ofic. ^j/1ng
ím tke. r o -n g e r > v/7 UA'/I t e a. m m í m a m o f “£ ,
( t ) For o la-m jo m j ro -h b S m tír e m n ge
r > ÍJ T = ° 35 3s. Tr u/i /! n<sf -A otve ed ker
o* m ínim um or w ^ ím u m * i' F Ia/«0 m crea se
C o 'n i\ r)u o u s lj UJith r.
9-49
FzrC <
9— ¿L c^ rr^ > < A ¿ n 'rg J jl ek'Q-^ ¿ y / A jZ ^
i , U ^ W f e m , M * ) _ < fa .
£ / — & ■•» 4 iw to r . « l
" í t c í + * 3 = - « j' = » « 2 y ^ » + (O
wkere ^ ,'$ H e relcuh've eL^^C£*r\^/vvJr j i v e r t by

l- *-> CO
Tê s fe o -A ^ /Sfájtc. ^crCuJfeccm •( / } ccuv» t e £ K p r e sseJ[
oJ i
2 ^ - (^ ^ y )/4
H v y - n « c o
\ J ( l - r J + (2 r r_)
2 (t> 2 ^ (és t ' " ? 0 ^
where ¡Z ¡s f k e clv^ Ii'+ u J e a O ^ ís "Hve joUa^- cuy^C sl :
2 = Y ... r * -, (O
í- r * y + ft T 0
(O
¡ ' T 2-
w v#r
r = J íL f7 )
CSy,
rhu s H e rela-ii’v e d r S f>la-ce-rêni tra.v» Smi'ssi’ti’lí+y C«-H o e
erjcpreSsej aSif^rorn E ^ '(5 )}i
Z r l
^ /o - ^ y 7 ( 2- ^ r r ) z 1 0 0
9 -5 0
Com prensor \ td ó lS S } m = 7 5 ^
r ota-i i‘oncJ /5êed j 05 = 9 0 0 rprn = Sty.2 H& XXá

/%
p0 = ¿ i/p a m í’c forcé, exj>eri‘ e n c e j - 2QO N - yn 6 05 *
por ce tro L m S n ítie S fo be base ís giVen
Ft _ f • ) z
Fo ~ C O - r a)* f (°
F° r ±L _ q.,5, £g- CO ? - es
Fo r
I 2. I I
m— r i —~~—'— ~ G » Q £ (s 7
o - i s = - — r ,^ or 1 » o ./s
i- r I
U/î'ck g í v € S
r 2r 7.6667 => r - 2.7£8? “ ^ (2 )
Si'^ce c*5= 9 4 - 21/8 raA / jj , £2 } <¡\ves
CuS
^ * yw
Eg •(3") ^ x £í¿5
* r = 21,72,3. $ ¿ 4 7 N//m
9-51
E le c t r o n ic m s tru m e h t: ( m ) - 2 o
ftes/red r to J r a r a i f r e ^ u & n c ¡j C^n) ~ (5 ra A / x
l>amf>»‘nj r o J t i'o ( *T ) = o -9 5
A v a .t Io-h(e. v o J^ l C - lo - S o N -x/m
°**= = 15 ^ ^ =2 o ( | S 2 ) = 4 5 0 0 A //m
r= f = Cr ■ = 0.95
c 2 / te m
K€g uí red VclLuz cA§ C - /, 90 /te vo = I •9 o ^ 4 500 (" 2 . o )
= 5 70
S m c -e H iS vaX xe ís L a .r y e r ~tka.r> {-h e ocvcll Icl U s
V a /lu e s o í c , iA/e ase cu p>a,ssíve s y s te rn *
fo r tfre a - c f c v - £ C srrJ j\ cA "fe b e x m -e j ;
tefe cojv. aA e CLcfexc. c crrá jícri "íó ^ r^ Sjb cd tl cu ’Sx^LCeJ
f c Ct'>, ¡frofortioncd -fe fee k ^ J L -C ^ r r ^ d
cuyA velocífj rx O ír)
fc c o = _ 9 x(t> _ ? (o
r d
So "tfce cfjj- m c -Í V o n o^- “f t e p e suLFing
o ^ rA j^ í'A y qjtA jycAJ jí J /xy^Ú isrr* \kscA s j\ cu /f\X2-h_-rrurvxcc: 'fr¿*~Cje- ¿
Fq / í í n G9 -¿ P te.ccn m ^<5
w X -f Cc + <%( ) * + (te f- ^ ) X c í ( t ) = F6 sm 051 (2 )
7"huS "ft»€ n a íu J ^ a i ^7£-£^jjJL^C4j q^. teVe rua-ur
Cjolto t e £ x (pAOS-£^_d ¿2^
“-(^rO* 9-52
GUYvst "Hre. O C^y ’t K é . Yt£U ^ ^ S '& A io d%
^ = — H 2á go
2 ( * + S fT
L/Smg Eg. (“O ; Eg 4 C O Ccl* i fce r e u m ' f c t e n <x8
c - f- ^ j =• 2. t Yn 6 S „ = 2 (0 .3 5 ) ( 2 ° ) O O
- 5TO N -¿/ -m
US in g "Híe Irn^xrm uvr) OuVCL¿(a^>(€ VcJLl,g. c7_ C Cl£
C - So N - />/-m > fc e VaXu¿- o^- ffcc. c íjL ^ y A a i^ V ^
C *) CCLVn ke cl¿
~ 570 ~ C ~ 5 7 0 -9 0 = 4^0 N - * / \ r> '
9-53
F o r t k e f> a s s ív e ( e x i s f í n g ) s y s b e m :
rn ~ 5 'fcg ^ 'ÍC - 2.0 N /m i C =: S /V - / £ / rn
A c i ively C o n fro ll«®d 4ystem :
\ ¿ / , '1 t s e H r h 'n j f t 'm e c I S A í s d e S í r e J .
S e H Iíw g ¿ ,Vr?e rs 5 ,V e n h % * C 4 -6 0 i
~ —
'r
For "the given jâSSíve Aystem :
j? ~ r- = 2 roJ ¡ ¿
c
5
‘r =
' 2 y iT T o
5-
= o «25
20
H enee , _ 4
—
7— ~ 2 A
o. 25 CO
Si nce S e tb lin j tim e ( ) ís /ess l$A¿
t k e re is no neecí ;fo r o -n ouct~ive co n tro l S y s te m
9-54
E x í y f 103 £ jo * -ssfv e ) S ystem :
09n = = 20 r a d /.* CO
£ = — - -------- - 0.2o (2)

2 irn G9n
E ^ s - C O ajx^í (2~) g iv e
■fe o c
m - ---------- , ^ =- o . 2 - - —
4 00 2 ^ jc \Tm 2 J*k y
<j = 10 C 20
CT* c __ o . 2 fe
(o
C - o. o 2 fe
4 ssu m e H e m a í tfce £ * rsfm g S y s te m cu
yr\ ~ IO fe-g *
T ^ t's g iv e s fe = 400M O - 4000 M/Vn
C»-r»ck -I\eirice c =■ 0 . 6 2 fe = So N -A / m
Fo f H e o u x J r iv e control System , re fo u .Y im g t t r e im&£<£ C*10),»
S tff-fness ( f e ') c^n -d . c¿£*-m p íng c c m s t & - n ‘k C O
B J C íS fl^ g S y S 'f s m J tke cj TrC tsL cÁ -$ x f L C e i's 3 « V e n
f c C O - - ^ X ( f ) - ^ ¿ ( O ( 3 >
oav>J "ffce e^ ^ -o J Z cm o£- rnof£
9-55
~ _ n r + ?b
" m = loo ra-Á /A
H enee
y = YT> ( l OOOO ) - *
= /ooôoo- 4,000 - N /m
The d.<xmf>ínj coYL¿£cx*d: o f 'fk e cu ct iv e control
Systern wí ( ¡ te
■y - c+ = 0*8
n
C 4 ^ = 0*8 (2 mn C¿9r>') r o « S ( 0 0 ¿ 0 (2 0
= 3 2.0
OY
= 320 - So - 2¿fO N - ¿ / w
9-56
m ,= 200 I Z o ° ( zlT/ L o ) = 4 o IT ™ A /a = jT T 7
*, = eguiWên-t ¿prín^ con sh ^ n ^ o f o.ír c o m ^ r e s s o r ^ 'c o ,2" , = 3 . 1 5 X 3 MW/Í,
Lc-fc th e a b s o r b e .r i?e i u n e á ¿o tUcut (j3'2~ = í .

Na-iuro-t freg,ue n c.’es o f tte comfc.nej <are glven
roote o f Eg. (9 .1 4 5 ), wftfck fo r ( ^ t) = i tech es
9-57
6-9\4 /" Wt\ / 69 X2-
“5 T ) - ^ r)v s i) = °
or, r^ - (2 4 r z -h 1 = 0 ------ fe )
No u/ r£ = -o-1 _ n. g . ^ . ( E , X3»Ves
G9¿
(o .¡¡)f - ( i + ;5 r ) c - « ) t + l ^ J£ f = ° ' 2° 1 5
rn2_= 4 0 •5 Icg,
* TT = ^ — ^
■Zfr UK. US*. rt = i - i , 3 'Ves
( '• * ) * + 1 * ° ^ ^ 7 = ° ' 1344

Smce í4>í5 VoJ-ue oC I7
7?- Xs
-m,
%7tlcJIÍ¿sJ í , •TjX. ■Ivayvre. 4» ~tfe
VxHu-t4 <r£ m2 a_nr>_fij Ti — O *% •
Becum t 69, = 69n = 1 5 0 0 ^ ^ 1 ^ = (57- 08 r a J / s e c

m , = M = ?oo = 'mQ' s'-? ° f T o o to r
2 ^
^1= =69,¿ "7, = ( I S 7 ' 0 8 >) ( 3 00) = 7- 40 12X10 (Vi/™
69,= ^ / m 7 =652=N / V ^
.’. Kz = tr>2 o?2 =. 2 4 é 74 * I2^4 1^2 ( E*>
(a>) Beo-vn \aj i b b c^h s o r ¿er

VJ1
0-75
II
or r, = - n - i / ^ -
0
“ 2
For cu tu rre-ol .b s o rb e r , = I > «-*
r " := £_
0 + 2.
or /U = / r,4 O' 3 l 64 -M m 2_
r,2p- y -2 “= 0 . 56 Z5 -2 3403
‘ ‘ - m|
RcL.'bi'o o-§- a - k s o r k e r m a í í fea 4Ae m «,íJ oj2 -¿4ie m o b o r
= /¿ = O- 3 4 0 3
(k) /Vio-Sí ^ « , = a-¿ Sor t e r = „ , 2 = / u TO, = ( 0 - 5 4 0 3 ) ^ 00) = íoz-oí fcg
St.-ffness of H e o -tfo rter =<fci = _f?r o m g ^ ( E|)
^2- 2 4 6 7 4 *12^4 ^to2-O?) - Z-317 X (O^ N/m
(c ) A m j s líb u d e o¡- vibrcL-bton q£ bke ol i y o r t e r m«us\r f x 2 ) :
9-58
Eq. (9.142) 9 'Ves X = - ■ = - w£Cl5 _ _ ( 4 ; ) Í J ^ - a s \ Z'
2- "íc- "ÍCo ——■
Z' 9 1 ? x |0 6
= - o* |95’c? TnVn
Forcín^ f r e q u e n c y = 2 o o ( z h ) / é 0 — §3-176 rad/sec. = 03, = 632

,9 .6 5 . mf = i fe»
F o r ^ z /6 5 , = 1 , r ,z , T*z * ( i r ^ ) + v /(i-f- 4 ) 1 - /
wKere r¡ - -^-/cs2 , rz = -n-z./üJz , /* = m¿ / m ,

H e re , = 7 5 0 rp m = 7 5 . 5-4 r a d / s e c , - *- £ = 1000 rp m = Í 0 4 - 7 2 r a J/ je c ,
r, - I S o / s o o ^ O* 3 3 7 (E> > czjvuJ = | ooo/soozz l* 2 S"0 0 '
f , 2- = ( n - £ W g + * C1 + ^ ) t_ 1 = [ ( ? + ' r ) - r '1 } z
V ,+ A = (¡+ n 4 ) / , 4
V /“ = Cr'^ + ' ) / r,1 — 2

= o_t2 1 £ ± 1 _ 2 - fl. 0 i 6 7
m / o . g 7 ? 7
•• —7 = 5 7 - 9 * 6 1 *< *.
o*o< 6 7
Wew regtitVed valu.e of _o> ( ¿5 70 0 rj=m = 7 3 * 3 0 4 ra-^/scc

u h .'c h correspon d í fe. r| _ 7 o o /y 00 = 0 . g7S
A* = -2 = -2 = o - o T .» * -
r,2- 0.76 96
m2= rrjj = 0 . 01122. ( = 4 -' 3 0 (O
w ¿th \ tfc e .s e v a ^ lu e s , -^- . 2 c c .n L e f o u n d a-i
TZ = (l t ^ ^ 4- (i 7 4 ^ 1 - f 1 = (i+ O ' O B S 6? » ) 4 o> 2 7 0 ¿4 = 1-3 0 6 3
-^- 2. = rz Ct* 2 = I - 3o 6 3 ( S ,3 ' 7 7 é ) = to? - 4 3 7 r a J / Sec = 1045"' O 4 rp m .
Tfn's ís lcwge.r H c2*i He c/esfred u.ppervalué of 10 4-0 rpm .
Sp ring S-fci'-ff n e ^ o£ H e adsorbe. r = *r>z üs/

_____________________ = (4 * *01) ( S 5 ‘ 7 7 6 ) 2' - 30 f g g . ¿ 1 6 6 J f c / . n . ______
O Tri gi'oa^í. S yj'te.m : m ,= 2000/3 g £ . 4 .= 5.176 U » - s e c . L/ l n
9 . 6 6 'j 6Í ( = (¿ tt') /co - SZ-S32- TO-d/sec = y ^ l/m t'
•fc, = m | ¿¡i,2" — 5 ♦ 17 6 { Q Z - 8 S Z ) — Z o 4 i 4-• 1Z 4 - 5 LL / ín
(av) A ¿_^rber_: ^ H ned a b so rb er} &2 = 03, = 62-S3Z. rad/sec ^

1<z = SOO0 ¿ t /.n , m2 = ^ 2/ C S -/ = S ° ° o / ( £ 2. - § ' l ? d ) ' = «'2665 ^
W e i^ L t cj ! H e a- b s o r b e r — 4-81-111 Ib
9-59
(J») New S y r ie r n j
McL±urcul f r e ^ c n c i 'e i o j 1 H e new s y r t e m ^ j -^ -2 j ajre giV cn
¿y (fo r - / ) :
r*, r ^ = (,+ 4 ) * y ( l+ 4 ^ 2 . (
U /Aere ^ = - 0. , / ^ , r* = V ™ . ■
H ere p.- I'¿6G5/S . n e = 3 .2 4 4 7 ^ a_nd
r,2‘ = o. 6 l 2-7 , r, ■= o -1 2 2.7

r/" = /- 6 3 1? , = (. 1 7 7 5
_/L, - r , 0 ?2 = 0 -12 Z1 (G Z -S lz )- 4 ?* ISIS r o -d /fe c = 4 ¿ ? ' ¿ 5 o ? rpm
- 0 - 2. = rz W z = I. 2-7 7 5 ’ (6 2 *3 ? ¿ ) = ?0 ' 2- é 5 3 roJ/sec = 7 0 6 -4 -7 50 r/*m
(\JaJbu.rcL.l frsû-e.'ncies' of -the comh ined sys-tem ore

9-67H , = 0.7^2.= 0-7 (61- S5-2-) = <f3.9S2.4-raJ/sec
-T i_2 - I •3 ^ 2. = (• 3 ( f f z . * Í 3 2-) = S I» ¿ í /6 r¿a-d / s e c .
f, " o *7> rz - I- 3 , / ^ / m t = ^ 2 - ^ / = C l - 812. ra J / ^
c + 4 ) V c> + 4 ) L- í ’ »r /< = ~ 2
_ (o i7 ^ ■+■ I irij.
/ " - ( 0 *7 ) ^ "" Z = 0 -5 3 0 8 = — -r ir) 4 = 0 . 5 3 o g ( M 7 O
= 2 * 7 4 7 4 ^ - íejLZ/ ' n .
From E&- (£■,), ^ 2= (6 2* 8ll) (z- 74 7 4 ) = l oS¿fé • 55 )1 ¿ ¿ /i* .
y&y.ií —- i . . - r>. . i
0 *5 -3 0 ? , /r.u-O* 5 3 o í \ 2 -
0 + 4 ) - 7 c - 4 ) 1- - - - c+
- z< 0 4 - 0 2
or r2 = t . + Z S é > 1*3 (cfeSi'red v a iu e /
Menee- ^ 2 .= 7*74-74 ^ ¿- ieo / n

(u / etjh b 0f cL^Sorb^V - ^ 2 3 - — Í 0 6 i * 5 c? 5 4 )
* z = 10 ^ 4 6 * 35IZ. /¿/.n-
9-60
, G - Ü-SXIO^ b S Í , j-= Skcu£t
,9.68) r 8 - rkíL f-t 2
For S h a* f - t 1 •„
------- — ------ - —------
, f l =
* tr 7,
= 7T (11.5- XIO6 ) / , * _
32 x 30
= o*4i IG * ioé U > -i* / ra A
¿T| =. ÍQQ_ (jQ = 7 i 27 J7 4 ¿ > - ín - S ec 1

S
0 ^ = U, = = (o* 4 / / 6 x i o * / 7 . 2 --?2 - tY = 2 3 7 '7 ? ? 4 - "*J/sec
F or sk a- f-fc Z :
% 2. = ^ f " ' 5 * l ' £ '> ( V _ J +)

32 X 3©
ASSumtr\^ P_ _ _¿f_ ^P a_nd i >n i'nc h e s ' } >
r i i i i í i J * f ( ^ - . / . - J 4 * - ''" A w
^ lf? í ( # ) = ”'23"
For 05^ - Cx9, , <xrj 0^ 2. = ^ ^ti/ > we
ó 4
2 3 7 * "7 ^ 4 = O* I 2 2. X (o d
= 723*761 J
o-232?
•* el = 0 -Z 1 3 Z " cLnJ p - 0-7643
J\= 15 K j - ■m '^ {;1 = o - é Xioá
^ í- y j^ y / j) = J o - é x í< //W = 200 ra- ^ / íe c

A bsorber:
« iz ^ = V ,I't l/ j I
£
For fAe com&iYiecJ systz.'m U/itk -¿ane^ a.bsorbe.r, '¿ 6 e ria^-bura^L
fre.<fyue.nct'e$ __a. t OLnnJ -^-2. a-re g.'ven ky a-n egu<a.t»or» sím llo-r
to Eq. (9.146) a *
r ' Zj r*. = (iF £■) + y ( 1+ £ - / - 1 ' (O
wkere jy ^ ^ r , = A \/cáz a-n4 r2 = -™-z/aJz •
9-61
Lst - O be. ZS°/g ttüsun U TUn r, = i£i- = 0-79
1 Zoo
'■ Bfr. ( e O 3«VeS
— o •3 4 o 3
(o.70 = (¡i- 4^ - V 0+ 4 ) ■ /*
Tn
S.*nce = v /^ - tz /jk = 2oo,

- o*2o42 *■>oS N-m /ra-d
SVnce - 0- 2. ha,s to ¿e a i ie& st 2o g r e a -t e r itia-rt u9tJ
r *= - SI * “ 2
E^. ( E,') ^íves , fo r ^ = 0*3403^
r z2 = (1 4 — ) 4- + O j_Z ±o¿ ^ ^ _ 1>777<? ^ pi = ,.335
Henee. ^2.= S*(£)4^ -fc^_ m2 ane| ^ t z .' ° * 2- ° 4 2- M W- w / xclA

a re cl<
i e&p-hzbl e..
rnz
Q ) (-§ -Y - (z+v ( ^ T + ' =° w k ere
O ~ **»»
or, T ^ - (2.-4/^) r ^ T < = ° U/kere r- = 2 ± L or

<^2 ¿^2
*• r2 ' = j C2- ^ / * ) ± y /fc-f-z Q 2 -~ 4
A1 r — * ± i
ü$2.
.I Z J K P lo t
O 1-0 Í-O
0 -± 0-354-1 I- 1 7 0 5
0.2 0-80 11 1-2483

0*3 0-76 30 1-3107
0 -4 0 - 7 3 2 6 1*3650
o-? 0-7071 1-414-2.
0-6 0-685 I l-45?7
0‘7 0 * 665 6 I-S023
0-8 0-64-82. 1-5427 "rn.
0-3 0-6325 1-5* II TT»,
1-o O-6 1 8 0 1*6120
x± 03t. <, 171?- = o ■ 1

,
< 0 -5 = 1
Eq. (9.140) y v e s ,W = i > S r = o-l -o-i
9-62
(S i)
± O*5 -
( ^ ) z ] C t _ í f r T ] - 0-1
69, 69^.
1
i- i - Tz
(■•»- 1 - r/* ) - o - i rt4 - * ' » r2Z + »
For + 0*5 ; we get - ¿ ■i -f- i = 2- 2. r¿
í-e. Y*t" = 1-0 ^ 1 2 5 ( 4- va.luc.) y rt = 1-0253
For - o - 5 > Koe je t - z-\ + 1 = - 2 + 2 r*
í-e- f2 = o -9 5 3 4 ; 3 . 14 ¿ 6
r2 = 0 - 9 7 6 4 , 1*7739 (*>bove -tKe

reíoria.n ce
O pera*n g ro-n ^ e ,*s 0.9764 £. 6L _ < , 0512.9
69, ~
9.72) ^ =
V^=V IQ5
40
= 50 rad/sec
_1_
:2 2 k I2
AssuTniTig that cj2 = coi , we obtain = = 50
ni2
k, = 75000 N /m , and
Fr 300
X, = - = — 0.004 m
m 2 (J m 2 cuf 30 (502)
a*= i - ¿ - 0*5 m. —*j
H / = I*5 Vn -H
^ x = { m aJc A ^
M otor: m x = 20 kg, cj = 1350 rpm = 141.372 rad/sec, me = 0.1 kg-m.
From A ppendix B, we have
= P b 2 a 2 (3 a <f - a (3 a + b))
7A 6 E IÍ3
where I = — w d 3 = - i - (0.15) (0.0123) = 2.16 (10~8) m 4
LA 12
TT
Henee I, x = -----
k P = ----- £(207 ( 10 )) (2 -16 (1-------
----------------- 10 )) — (1-53) OCO-,C*T O N
-------------- = 362167.2 AT/m
/
JA (0-5 ) ( l 2) [3 (1) (1.5) - 1 (3 (1) + 0.5)1
9-63
Natural frequency of the motor on the beam:
ki <\ / 362167.2
V
Natural frequency o f the absorber:
= —--- = 134.5678 rad/sec
20
üJz = \ / — = cj = 141.372 rad/sec

V m2
Selecting m 2 = 10 kg, we obtain
k 2 = 10 (141.3722) = 19.9860 (104) N /m
Amplitude o f the absorber at forcing frequency uc
X - F°
2 m 2 u?
where F 0 is the amplitude of the forcing function = m e c? . Henee
„ m ea2 me 0.1
x 2 ------------ - = _ = _ 0.01 m
m 2 or m2 1U
m* = 15,000 kg; k* = 2 (10S) N /m ; F j(t) = 600 cos c j t

9 .7 4 j Assume that the forcing frequency coincides with the natural frequency o f the bridge.
\ / — = * \ / — —- = 11-5470 rad/sec
V mi V 15000 '
For a tuned absorber, = \ / —— = = 11.5470 rad/sec

VV m2
Choose m 2 = 10 kg. This gives
k 2 = m 2 o ¡ = 10 (11.54702) = 1333.3333 N /m
Am plitude o f bridge will be zero at the forcing frequency, cu = 11.5470 rad/sec.
cüi = 100 rad/sec. T o suppress the vibration o f the m otor, the absorber should have the
© natural frequency:
íjg = \ “ = 80 rad/sec (operating frequency)

V m2
10
or k 2 = m 2 (80 ) = (802) = 165.6315 lb/in
386.4
9-64
S F = m x m i + c i + (k - f K 2) x — K 2 R 9 = F 0 sin cj t (1)
SMo =10 (I + M R 2) 9 + ( Kx + K 2 ) R 2 9 - K 2 R x = 0 (2)
Treating the forcing function as the imaginary component o f F 0 el4>t, we assume the
solution as:
x = X e i (u t ' ^ (3)
(4)
Substitution o f Eqs. (3) and (4) into ( l) and ( 2 ) gives
— m cj2 + (k -f- K 2) + i c CJ X - (K 2 R ) e = F 0 (5)

- (K 2 R ) X + - (I + M R 2) cj2 + R 2 (K j + K 2) e=o (6 )
Solution o f Eqs. (5) and ( 6 ) yields:
— K 2 R F0
0 = (7)
(— K 2 R ) 2 - m cj2 + (k + K 2) + i w c — Iq o ? R 2 (K^ 4- K .2 )
- l o uJ2 + R 2 (K j + K 2) Fo
X = (8 )
— m e j 2 + (k 4* K 2) -r i CJ c - l o <J + R 2 (Kx + K 2) - ( - K 2 R ) 2
where Iq = I + M R 2 (9)
Equation (8 ) shows that the steady state displacement o f mass m (X ) will be zero if
lo cj2 = R 2 (K j + K 2) (10)
%Ex9_77.m
9.77 for ' j = l : 5
zeta = (j-1 )* 0.25;
for i = 1 : 1001
r(i) = 3 * (i - D/10.00;
Tr(i) =.sqrt( (1 + (2 * zeta * r(i))A2)/((l - r(i)A2) A 2 ..
+ (2 * zeta * r(i)) A 2));
end;
plot(r, Tr);
hold on;
end
axis([0 3 0 8] );
x l a b e l (' r');
ylabel('Tr')
g t e x t ('zeta=0.0') ;
gtext('zéta=0.25')
g t e x t ('zeta=0.50')
g t e x t ('zeta=0.75')
gtext ('zeta=l.0'); % Click to put the text beside the curve you like
9-65
o 0.5 1.5 2 2.5 3
% program ñame: PR978.EQ
f = 1;
% zeta = 0.2, mu=0.2
zeta = 0.2;
mu = 0.2;
g = 0.6 : 0.001 : 1.3;
tzg2 = (2.*zeta.*g).A2 ;%-- tzg2 = (2*zeta*g)A2

g2_f2_2 = (g.A2 -f>2) .A2 ;% g2_f2_2 = (gA2-fA2 )A2
g2_lmug2_2 = (g.A2-l+mu.*g.A2 ) .A2 ;
muf2g2 = mü.*f.A2*g.A2 ;
g2_l = g.A2-l ;
g2_f2 = g.A2-f.A2 ;
xlr =sqrt {(tzg2+g2_f2_2) ./ (tzg2 .*g2_lmug2_2+ (muf 2g2-g2_l.*g2_f2 ) .A2) );

x2r =sqrt ((tzg2 + f .A4) ./ (tzg2 .*g2^.1mug2^_2+(muf 2g2-g2_l.*g2_f 2) .A2));
plot(g,xlr)
hold on
plot (g, x2r) ;
hold on
%----- zeta = 0.2, mu=0.5 ------------------------------------------.------- ¿
z eta = 0.2;
mu = 0.5;
g = 0.6 : 0.001 : 1.3;
t.zg2 = (2 .*zeta. *g) .A2 ;%--- tzg2 ^ (2*zeta*g)A2

g2_f2_2 = (g.A2-f.A2).A2 ;% g2_f2_2 = (gA2-fA2)A2
g2_lmug2_2 = (g. A2-l+mu.*g.A2 ) .A2 ;
muf2g2 = mu.'*f.A2*g. A2 ;
9-66
g2_l = g. A2-l ;
g2_f2 = g. A2 - f .A2 ;
xlr =sgrt((tzg2+g2_f2_2)./(tzg2.*g2_lmug2_2+(muf2g2-g2_l.*g2_f2).A2)) ;
x2r =sqrt((tzg2+f.A4 ) ./(tzg2.*g2_lmug2_2+(muf2g2-g2_l.*g2_f2).A2)) ;
plot (g,xlr,
hold on
plot(g,x2r,
hold on
%_------ zeta= 0.3, mu=Ó.2 -------------------------------------------------- ¿
zeta = 0.3;
mu = 0.2;
g = 0.6 : 0.001 : 1.3;
tzg2 = (2.*zeta.*g).A2 ;%--- tzg2 = (2*zeta*g)A2

g2 f2_2 = (g.A2-f.A2).A2 ;% g2_f2_2 = (gA2-fA2)A2
g2_lmug2_2 = (g. A2-l+mu.*g .A2 ) .-A2 ;
muf2g2 = m u .*f.A2*g.A2 ;
g2_l = g.A2-l ;
g2_f2 = g.A2-f.A2 ;
xlr =sqrt((tzg2+g2_f2_2)./(tzg2.*g2_lmug2_2+(muf2g2-g2_l.*g2_f2 ) .A2));

x2r =sqrt((tzg2+f.A4 ) ./(tzg2.*g2_lmug2_2+(muf2g2-g2_l.*g2_f2).A2));
plot(g,xlr,
hold on
plot(g,x2r, ' ) ;
hold on
%------ zeta = 0.3, m u = 0 . 5 ---- /
zeta = 0.5;
mu = 0.1;
g = 0.6 : 0.001 : 1.3;
tzg2 = (2 .*zeta. *g) .A2 .;%-- tzg2 = (2*zeta*g)A2

g2_f2_2 = (g.A2-f.A2),A2 ;% g2_f2_2 = (gA2-fA2)A2
g2_lmug2_2 = (g.A2-l+mu.*g.A2 ) .A2 ;
muf2g2 = mu.*f.A2*g.A2 ;
g2_l = g.A2-l ;
g2_f2 = g .A2— f .A2 ; .
xlr =sqrt ((tzg2+g2_f2_2) ./ (tzg2.. *g2_lmug2_2+(muf2g2-g2_l.*g2_f2) .A2)) ;

x2r =sqrt ( (tzg2+f.A4) ./ (tzg2 .*g2_lmug2_2+ (muf2g2-g2_l *g2_f2) .A2) ) ;
plot(g,xlr,' : ;
hold on
plot(g,x2r,':');
hold on
%------ zeta’= 0.4, mu=0 .2 ------------------------ •----------- \¿
zeta = 0.4;
mu = 0.2;
g = 0.6 : 0.001 : 1.3;
tzg2 = (2.*zeta.*g).A2 ;% tzg2 = (2*zetá*g)A2

g2_f2_2 = (g.A2-f.A2).A2 ;%g2_f2_2 = (gA2-fA2)A2
g2_lmug2_2 = (g.A2-l+mu.*g.A2 ) .A2 ;
muf2g2 =. mu. *f.A2*g. A2 ;
g2_l = g.A2-l ;
g2_f2 = g.A2-f.A2 ;
9-67
xlr =sqrt((tzg2+g2_f2_2)./(tzg2.*g2_lmug2_2+(muf2g2-g2_l.*g2_f2).A2));
x2r =sqrt((tzg2+f.A4 ) ./(tzg2.*g2_lmug2_2+(muf2g2-g2_l.*g2_f2).A2 ) );
plot(g,xlr,': ');
hold on
plot(g,x2r,' : ');
hold on
%------ zeta = 0.4, rau=0.5------------------------------------------------ ¿
zeta = 0.4;
mu = 0.5;
g = 0.6 : 0.001 : 1.3;
tzg2 = (2.*zeta.*g).A2 ;%-- tzg2 = (2*zeta*g)A2

g2_f2_2 = (g .A2-f .A2).A2 ;% g2_f2_2 = (gA2-fA2)A2
g2_lmug2_2 = (g.A2-l+mu.*g.A2 ).A2 ;
muf2g2 = mu.*f.A2*g.A2 ;
g2_l = g.A2-l ;
g2_f2 = g.A2-f.A2 ;
xlr =sqrt((tzg2+g2_f2_2)./(tzg2.*g2_lmug2_2+(muf2g2-g2_l.*g2_f2).A2));
x2r =sqrt((tzg2 + f .A4 ) ./(tzg2.*g2_lmug2_2+(muf2g2-g2_l.*g2_f2) .A2)) ;
plot(g,xlr,
hold on
plot(g,x2r,
x l a b e l ('g')
ylabel('Xlr and X2r')
a x i s ([0.6 1.3 0 16])
9-68
% Ex9_79.m
w2_l = 1.5;
for i = 1: 101
m2_l (i ) = (i-D/100;
Omgl_w2(i) = sqrt( ( (1+(l+m2_l(i))*w2_lA2 ) - ...
sqrt( ( 1 + (l+m2_l (i))*w2_lA2 )A2 - 4*w2_lA 2 ) ) / (2*w2_lA2) );
Omg2_jw2(i) = sqrt( ( (1+(l+m2_l (i))*w2_lA2 ) + ...
. sqrt( ( 1 + (l+m2_l(i))*w2_lA2 )A2 - 4*w2_lA 2 ) ) / (2*w2_lA2) );
end
w2_l = 3 . 0 ;
for i = 1: 101
m2_l (i ) = (i-D/100;
Omgl_w2_b(i) = sqrt ( ( (l+.(l+m2_l (i))*w2_lA2 ) - ...
sqrt( ( 1 + (l+m2_l(i))*w2_lA2 )A2 - 4*w2_lA 2 ) ) / (2*w2_lA2) );
Omg2_w2_b (i) = sqrt ( ( (1+ (l+in2_l (i) )*w2_lA2 ) + ...
sqrt( ( 1 + (l+m2_l(i))*w2_lA2 )A2 - 4*w2_lA 2 ) ) / (2*w2_lA2) );
end
w2_l = 4.5;
for i = 1: 101
m2_l (i) = (i-D/100;
OmgD.w2._c (i) = sqrt ( ( (1+ (l+m2_l (i))*w2_lA2 ) - ...
sqrt( ( 1 + (l+m2_l(i))*w2_lA2 )A2 - 4*w2_lA2 ) ) / (2*w2_lA2) );
Omg2_w2_c(i) = sqrt( ( (1+(l+m2_l(i))*w2_lA2 ) + ..i
sqrt( ( 1+(l+m2_l(i ))*w2_lA2 )A2 - 4*w2_lA 2 ) ) / (2*w2_lA2) );
end
plot (m2_l, Omgl_w2) ;
hold on;
plot(m2_l, Omg2_w2 , '— ');
gtext(' w_2/w_l=l.5, Omg_l/w_2');
gtext('w_2/w_l=l.5, Omg_2/w_2');
hold on;
plot(m2_l, Omgl_w2_b);
9-69
hold on;
piot(m2_l, Omg2_w2_b,' ) ;
gtext ('w_2/w_l=3 .0, Omg_l /w_2.') ;
gtext ('w_2 /w_l=3 .0, 0mg_2 /w_2 ' ) ;
plot (m2_l, 0mgl_w2_c).;
hold on;
plot (m2_l, 0mg2_w2_c, '— ') ;
gtext ('w_2 /w_l=4.5, Omg_l /w_2')';
gtext(' w_2/w_l=4.5, 0mg_2/w_2');
xlabel('m_2/m_l');
ylabel ( ' Ómg_l/w_2 ,• 0mg_2 /w_2 ') ;
Results of Ex9_80
•kic'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k
(9^80)
» programl3
Results of two-plane balancing
Left-plane balancing weight Right-plañe balancing weight
Magnitude=4.231537 Magnitude=2.121730
Angel=130.294244 Angel=140.731862
9-70
From Eq. (9.151),
yi
*2 _ C2 ^ f fe * +
Xi fC2 - m 2.Ct92 +A' G3 C2 “ ( ( * t _ mt C32 ) 2 + G9* C*

¡-C
i/z
í s = 25. í CF*)x + a r ? y
SSfc 5tt ( / .i 2\2 , f a
( f * - ? 2 ) 2 + C2 T ^ ) 2
_*L is g íven \*j Eq. (9.152).
^st y x
The pro^ra-m ^br genercubfnj EKe vaJ~u.es o£ —2- a^nd — fo r
Sst o*t
^ = f* = 7 2 0 ' T = ¿> T - o-t, O, w i<L - q vetrieí kítween
Tn' . . , i <r
o*6 cwid f■3 i*5 g iv e n b e ío w •
noon
PKUBLEM 9.81
DIMENSION XC2)
PEAL MU
MU=0.05
1)0 1U0 1 1 = 1 , 3
G=0. 4
DÜ 90 J J = 1 , 15
G=G FO . 1
F= 1 . 0
IF ( I I . EQ. n ZEf A= 0 . 0
LF ( 11 . EQ. 2 ) ZETA = 0 . i
IF ( I I . EQ. 3 J ZETÁ=10. 0
XN= ( 2 . 0 * Z £ T A * G ) + *2+ (G* * 2 - F ' * * 2 ) * * 2
XD=( ( 2 . 0 * Z E T A * G ) * * 2 ) * ( C G * * 2 - 1 . O+ MU*G*G) * * 2 ) +
2 (MU*F*F*G*G-(G*G-1.0)*(G*G-F*F) ) * * 2
X ( 1 ) =SQRT(XN/ XD)
XN=(F**4)+(2.0*ZETA*G)**2
XD=(F*F- G*GJ**2+(2.0*ZETA*G)**2
X( 2 ) = X ( 1 J * S QP T( XM/ XD)
PRINT 5 0 , MU, ZE TA, G , F
50 FORMAT ( / , 2 X , 7 H HU = , E1 5 . 8 , 2 X , 7H ZETA = , E 1 5 . 8 , / ,
2 2 X , 711 G =,E15.8,2X,7H F =,E15.8)
PH1NT 6 0 , X ( U , X ( 2 )
bO FURMAT ( 2X, 7H X C l ) = , E1 5 . tí, 2 X , 7H X ( 2 ) = , E 1 5 . 8 )
90 CONTINUE
100 CONTINUE
STUP
END
MU - 0.500000U1E-01 ZETA = U.OOOOOOOOEtOO
G = 0.50000000E+00 F = 0 . 1 OOOOOOOE+O1
X ( i ) = 0 . 1 36363o4E+01 X ( 2 ) Z2 0 . 1 8 1 8 18 1 9 E‘ + 01
MU =.0.5000U001E-01 ZETA 0 .OOOOOOOOE+OO

G — 0.60000002E+00 F = 0 . ÍOOOOOÜOE + Ol
X( 1) = 0 . 16343209E+01 X(2 ) 0 . 25 5 3 ü 2 6 3 E+0 1
9-71
MU = u. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 c: -01 ZF 1 A = 0. OOOOOOOOE-» 00
G = 0 . 70 0 0 0 0 0 5 E +0 0 r - 0 . 1 JOOOOOOE+O1
XI i ) — 0 . 2 1 6 4 6 3 0 2E + 0 i X C2 ) - M
- •4 / 4 4 4 tí i 5 e, f 0 1
HU = 0 . 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 F.- 0 1 ZETA = 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E+0 2

Ü = 0 . 1 700G00 3E + 0 1 F - 0 . 130 0 OÜOOE + O1
X( 1 ) = 0 . 19 1 0 7 0 0 0 1 +■0 0 X 12) - 0 . 491 i 3098E+00
MU — O. hOOOOOUlE-31 ZETA — 0 . 1 0 0 üüu 0 0 fc:+02

G = 0 . 1 8 00009Jt+0t b — 0 . i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E+ 0 i
Al 1 ) s 0 . i l 6 4b85bL + 00 X( 2 ) = 0 . 115 8 25 0 1R+ 0 0
.MU ZZ 0 . SOoliOOO 1£ - 0 1 ZETA ~ 0 . 100 OQüüOE + 02

G = 0 . 1900C00 JE* 01 F = 0 . 1 0 0 U0 0 0 0 E+0 i
xen = G. 3 5 3 6 u 2 4 2 E + 0 u XI ¿J = 0 . 3 b 7 7 3 3 5 9 E+OG
Cra-r>e ioc^ ion : x c CO = (E0
Forjing j^reSS loccttiom : 7Cfí'^ ) = Aj (Ez.)

A ir compresor Jtocaéion: * ^ (0 = A*, sin c^/fc (*0
AC - 2 0 yM.vr>, ü5c - lo Hz. , Tc = o* 1

A tte ru a stio n Louú ;
- o-oos r i .
A r= A„ € w tiere A 0 = cum^lZ-tude o~t source C£4 )
and r - dliV'tajntc from Saurce
A p lic a d : ion of ^ • ( ^ 4 ') 3 **2*
-O-oo 5(6o)
Ac - 2. 0 red u ces to 1o e •= 14- 8164
30 prn reA u ce s to 3 c ^ a , ° ° Z C ^°) _ ¿ o - { 096 
A ^ = 25 re A u ce s to 2 5 ¿ _0' 0 0 5 _ 2 o - 4 ^ 13 A 1’-'
.D is -b u r L > a -n c e .s a -“t fíbe o£ m iílin ^ m e z -c b in e . a r e
— 2.7T-fc
(-t) = 14-816 4 e Sin 2.0 i r t üm O í)
( t ) = 20-1096 Sin 3 0 i r t p in ( e <)

Oj (fc) = 2 0-4-653 fin 4-0 TT t jUrn (e 7)
5"O0 fc^ = mgt j "ico.el
F in d r » t* , "k i a .n d c,*
4í?o ■ktJ/m = -fc r ~ jh V o ..s
Su.cfc Fhat H,
-L— __t ^ ?c
< 2.- 5 ytt,TI 'rT*b- (000 =£► -t- tnj
‘c-u-tte r rna.*
wKcn '^roun c) = ~.f + 5 a.
^ ‘ J- V o u n d
a*U cvefcfr»5 simu.Lt«2_neoUí i¡j
E ûa-tíbní of mo t i 'o n :
(TOl + m i ) 7LL _ *; (x 5 _ * t ) + ^ _ c; ( x^ - 5
+ c=? C ¿ t - *A ) = 0 O s)
Weg ^ ^ ( x t _ *<) - ( i t - ) = o ( E*)

i-e-t
+ o *1 ct +■ c «2,
+
- c<
° TOeg J /
- k
*; + H «&
+ Ce ,o')
- 'fc* í ^ _
Tê n g tb Lcund si'de t>f Eg. CEío) 9»Ve» , for e«-ok tyjse. of
d«‘ st urka-ricff,
U/ken X? ~ * c (t) :
/■ -2-TT-b
*f i- (^4**164 e í í'n 2 o 7Tt x (o ^ ^
f , ■>. —2 TT"fc - ZTrt - ¿
-f c ; £ 14 * 2 ( - 2.TT ) e St‘n Z o i r t -f- Uf*Sl£y (zo TT1) e zon-tj- ,0 ,
U/ken (-fc) ; C6 .,'>
■^í X j t Ct- X£ = -fc¿ ( 2 0 •l^?6 Sin SolT-b')
■+ c i ( ZO'IOÍÓ S ?e TT * C_c5l o 7T-t^

U/Ken x ^ = *•
-#c* 4 c¿ x^— -f<¿ ( 2_o.4 £ 35 4 oTT'É:')
4- c¿ zo •46 £ 3 x 4°"^ x 4 ° 7T”‘^V) O »)
Pro c e du. re :
c.- ' F T r-
U t r¿ = — — = 0*1 or c ¿ = o>2 ^rnc « ¿
imi&r* z™¿ JT? 2 yfrñJ~iT['
(l) Assume tr»;
(i) A^SUxne 4cv*
O) Fi’nol C^- = 0*2 \j mz 'k L
(4 ) Sol ve E ¿ . (£*>) n u .m e rico .U j w ¿th x^ = F.'nd n^c .
(5-) Solve E z-(E io) nut*en’c a % w¿U x^ = x ¿ ( * ) . p .^ * (fc') .
9-73
(6 ) S o lv e lo ) num érica,LLy wí x? = £ « .( * > ' Ffncl ttío-x
(7 ) Fi'n.d Tru 2_X ^ (- t ) = Tna.X. j * ^ (.£ ) J - f m «_x | Ok} J + rn a-X J j
(s') IJT -ma-x X^(_k) < 2*5 û.m ; co.frcn't ya.lo.e 5 ©£ "fc[ CJ
c o n s k i ku-te. kU e desireU Je L S ijn .
(*0 OÍAer wi'.S'e> increment m; cunÁ ^/or k{ , o-v*4 ■¿o s+ep ( s ) .
9-74
C h a p te r 10
V ib r a t io n M e a s u re m e n t
a n d A p p lic a t io n s
V o L tcu je = V = o*o38 V oíb - m e t e .r / u e w - t o n

s e .'n s ib iV íty
bhic«no.SS = t = 2mm = - Z — Tn
looo
o u b p u i v o l t a j e = 22.0 voUrs > j3re$.mre a-fr ic a d = f>x = ?
E= vb ^ ^ 22.0 = (o «o ?S )(^ )
•• = I* 12.24- X <o¿ M /m 2______________________________________________
rn = O •5 ■fcg , -fe - (O O O O N/m , C £ O
CLmptibude = y = 'Vioo o
fofa-l diVp la.eemen't 0/ mcuSS = x = l2/o o o rn
rela/fciVe d<2 pUcemenb - = x - 3. = S / Oao w
Z = J — 7 i-e-j _ 8 _ = í (V iüo ^ )rz ) ^ rz= y 3
í- r 1000 ( 1- r z
r = Tt- = 0-8165
<
G3 = rasn = 0*5165 JÍ2JLZZ - 115. 4 .7 0 5 r a J /s e c = 1 8 -1 1 7 7 Hz
r2 V , v C ,
10.3) Z = , ¿- Wkere Y= ~ = 77
' y / d - r 2-) -f- (2 V r) 'ert
crt ^
. 2- v .2
/([- r 1)* + (& r ) ¿' J í+ r + '
S feed ra-nê :
10,4 ' 5oo rpm “ 52*36 ra-4/sec - 150o rpm = (57-og rcuJ/sec,
x = X eos os t ; _ r 1 y___________ / \
Z - 1------- — ---------------------rn
/ ( 1- O + C ^ rr)2
CASE ( i ) : Le b Y = o
Eg-CEi) JiVeS, for 2% error,

Z r 2-
03 roo _ 150 0
ti5„ = — =. — — TT = 70-0143 or z /o -o 4 ¿S r/>m
7-14/4 7 -1414 7-14/4 r
- \‘ ¡669 or 3 -5 0 0 7 Hz - 7-331? or 2l- ? ? 5 7 rad/sec
69n = / - / ££? Hz
C A ff _0_i) £ L ei 7 = o-6
9‘V e s z r2
-T7 = ; .o ■- “ I - E = 1-02
0-0404 - 0'S 3i6 r z 4 1 - 0 4 0 4 = o

Whícfi giVeS1 y-= 2 -2 5 6 2 ., 3*05 4 6
Since tk e ûcLnti'ty E a/tto^/nS* rna.x ¡mum <xt
r = —j = = ¡ - 1.881% fo r 7 = 0-6
x/l - 2 4
u/e use f = 2* 25G2 •
Máximum G3n = 63/r = * 0 ° / (2 .2 5£2 x6o) =3-6335 Hz

. Error -fa cto r fo r víkrome'te-r ís _______ ü
10.5 J E= ‘-----------
/ ( ' - O * + r ^ n 2‘
Maxi'mum o f E occurS oJc ^ ¿
r =
r 2-
For 7-= o , E=- — ■ anc| r* = f
| l-r I
Since tke recree 4 £ r < ^ > we ase r= 4 for ma-XÍmum
error- .
- 1 4
E — —¡-—— =. |*o667
Ir - 4 |l - 4 |
P ercent error = ( e - / ) / 0O - 6 -6 7 /^
r2
E rro r fa -c to r = E — y— ----------------------------,
10.6
(zTr)2
E Cwb"bcLinS Y17a.yi Trn um <xfc r^" — 1 2 . ^'
For T - O ‘ 67, r* = 3 - / 2. 3 I oj?c¿ 3 / - /• 0053

Ir- r* , ^ = o-67
Perceni error =1 o*5 3 7
10-2
S&lecF the vibrometer on tAe b&sfe of LowesF frequency be¡n<a mecbsured.
10.7 ) . %
(OJ) ^ = O : ^
Y = 1-03= -r 4 — 7 , r z = ± ° 2 = H -3333
r* -i o*o 3
r _ g- _ 2-7T(roo)
u9„ = ~" = 5*8595
éO G9r\
<Ai = 8*9 359 r a J / $ec = 1*4222. Hz
( > ) T = 0-6
Z r
From E^. ( I0»l9')f = 1*03 = -= = ----------- = E
Y (iT r):
.2
( , . 03) 2 { l + r4 - a r z + 4r^T^j = r4
l*e»; 0*057404 - o* 5-g r z -h i = o
e *, r* = 2*3535 , -7 . 4 0 18
<*e*> r - i . 5 3 4 i,tT , 2*7206
selectm g r=2*7zo6, E
/■a _ i-OOO TT
60 ( 1 . I Z 0 G )
= 1 9 * ¿4 5 8 roAjasu:
= 3*0 6 30 Hz
T Íie E oArbcunS
cJr
r - 1 ^ = i* 8292
iT
•for T = 0 * 6 . Henee, ue ke¿y^
Fo boüfLSL r- 2*7206 -¿ó a-vod
êctfc of E*
S-i.
ai-
= -d 2— m ,
lOOO
G9= 4000 rí>m
1
= 4 ( 8 * 8 8 ra d / sec
W n = ^ 9 / Ss-b = J C
* '9 l ( i l ^ ) ' = 3 1- 32 09 ra J /sec
f = ^ /^ v , = 41?* 88/ 31. 3203 - 13*3738

Le.£ V - o i 2
13*3738
E rror fasC.bor —
/ Q - r 2- ) 2- ^ ( i r r ) 2 ’
7=o l'- r 'l 1 1- 13-1132
= 1*0056
1 0 -3
(O tr\ax.wnurn di’s1jslace.m e.n b = Y = ^//'O 0?6 — J/f*oo5£ — 0*99 4 4 mm
(íí) fAax\murr\ v e l o c i b y = 03 Y = (4 18 •3 8 ) ( o . 95 ^ 4) = 4 ( 6 . 5 4 7 3 mm/sec
(Í'ii) Alajamum cuice.leraybi‘o n = G3Z\ - (41 ?í")2(ó*^44') = 174423 •35 rrim/secl.
(El)
Y y ( l - r * ) z -f- ( i r r /
Alaxímum oí -|L occurs U/Ken r = r* = , 1 ?ee Eq. (3.82))
' Y vjl —2 T
For Y - o*? , r * - ^á= - 1 * 4142 , (r*)Z - 2
= I* 1547
yr
T J r* / ( i - i ) z + ( 2 x o*? x 1*414 2 .)*
V fien error ís ane jsercen i t — =|-ol or = o.99ol

Y
Eg. (E¿) can ¡De rewr i b b e n as ■
Y_\Z Q- " r!L) 1 Y ^ T ^ r 2-

z 1 , r4
l - | X j 2 ) - r* ( 2 - 4 T 2) 4- i = o (Ez)
For X = o*990i and 7 - 0* 5, (e / ) ¿ecom e?
0*0197 r4 — r2 4 1 = O Allz//V1| 1
r 2- = 1*0203 , 4 9 *74 I (
r = ^ = 1*0101 , 7*0527
L o w e d : freg,u.ene^ f o r
one p e r ce n t a c c u ra c ^
- 7 •0 5 27 (?)
= 3 5 .2 6 3 9 Hz
F re g u e n c ^ rcuige > ioo Hz , m a x fm u rn e rro r = 2
fe - 4 0 0 0 N/m , c = o => Y = o , m= 2
For v íb rom e.'te.r w¿bh Y=o¿ Z
Y J ( l - r í ) z + ( 2 r r ) 2* 7 = 0
rz
T T ^ f = '-°2
2/ I I
or r / ( í —r z ) = — 1*02 sm ce r musb be. grea irer tficun or>e
/ o r ¿¿giier fre ^ u e n c re s
or r 2_ 5-1 i>e*, r = 7* (4 14
10-4
Mm ím um fmpressed freguencj = (3 = 10 Hz
S,'nce r= (% 5b _ loo/ca^ = 7-1414 - 63,,= l4 -o °2 ‘? Hz = 87-9Í27 ^

- \ f/ rn
in = * /W = 4. 000/ ( 2 7 . 9?27)2 = o . ?Í67 ÍCJ
tOn =: 10 Hz , ^ = M r = CJn ^|T^X^ = lo J í - T ? ^ = O•6

¡_et tfie loujesb freguency = ¿yo ^ ^ - V -,
*n
Error = 2 . % m H e rcwnje f0 < r <c co
r2
E rror= E = l*o2 = = —i
y j^ -r3- ) + (Zx o.Ó r ) 2-
=> 0*0404 r * - o*5525 r 2, +■ 1*0 4 - 0 4 =
r = 2*2552, 3*0546
L et r0 = 2 -ZS 6 2 :
G30 = r0 = 2.2502 O c) = 2 2 * 5 5 2 Hz
L et rc = 3 * o 5 4 é :
030 = r0 ^ = 3 . 0 5 4 5 [lo) = 3 0 * S 4 é Hz
L oloesb £re-guenc.y = 2 2*552 Hz ;= 14/» *7616 ra ^ /s e c
Error fa -cto r for o-oeelerovne-fcer =• £ =

10-12) ' ' ^ 7 ^ 7
/Ykzxírnurn oj? E occ.ur5T oJr r* = ^ 1 - 2 'y2'
W/ier ^ = 0, r* - } ^ ncl £ - . 1-
|i-r*|
Sm ee H e ro-nê i's 0 < r < o*65 , we use r = o*é5 i
r = ° * é5 " li- 0*65^' ~ M73,e

P e rce rit error = ( e - f ) f o o = 7?* 16
E rror fa c to r = E = -—
^°* y v / ( l - r a) z + ( z r r ) 2-
Vdíke o f r a t wllic/i E a t t a - í n S m a x . í m u w ís T ^ — v/i-* 2 T'
Wken t= o*75 , - _ . ..- 1
E= rr-------- ó--------------^ and r * = \J1 - i* 1251
J C í-r 1) 2- + z.zs r
= rma.3 rna.rj
Sin ce tfie ra,nê fs o< r < o* 6 , we u se r= o* 6
i i ____________________
E/ = 1--------------- ---------------------- 1 = 0*9055
r=0’é 7 ( i - O - S É) 2- * 2. 25 ( 0 * é ) 2 .
P e rc e n t e rro r = ( e - 1) f0 ° = -9*45//
10-5
m= 0*0 9 ^ t ma-* error = 3 ®'/'ef frequency range of o <oo Hz
Fíncl 'k and C, ^
p0 f ad e c e l e r o m e t e r ; e r r o r fa -a to r = £ =
\ l(l-r2 ) í + ( ^ t O 1'
E aA tcu n S ma-XÍmum a t r = r* = n
Jl —2. T2-1
i
0* ^ Ewclx = E *• =
zr h - ^
(í) Consideraron 0f rna-ximam error*
£ r r o r = e= E - 1 = o-o? = - 1
2-T y ^
UjsOh rea-rra-n g em en i j tHis IbclA s to _ y-2 -f-o .2 3 5 = o
of "T* “ 0*Sl^4 > o«7274
ai: y = 0-6164 = \/1- 2 (o. 61^4)z* = °*^^

a^ ^= 0'7S 74 = 2. (o *72 74} 2-1 - ima-g«‘na_r<f
(ií) Corvsidercvfcion o f minimu.m error :
A i: error = g = E - i = - o - o 3 =
te»)
vt*- r i ) z + i r " ) 2'
U/¿t k 7 = o*6I64.> 5^. O í) c«-r» ¿e fimj?K'fied a-S
r 4 - 0*4202 r z - o . o 62.8 ■= o
r 2- = 0*927*, - o* (06? or r = o* 766 z
At tfae máximum fregaenay.,

a?= 2 7 T (lO 0 ) = 628-32. rad/sec
^ n - °Vr “ 028.82/^,7662
= 820*o 470 ra_d/sec
-k= m Ct9n2' =r 0 «0S ( 920.0 4 7 ) 2‘

= 33 623.2941 A//m
_ Q
Cc = 2.rn O^r, = — =*r c = 2.m G3„ 7 = 2 (o. o?) (?2 0 *047) (o* 6 (£4 )
= 90*5477 N—&/rn
To - 0‘ I , "k- lo 000 tj/ m > C = o 4* 7 = o
10-1S) G3n = _ Jioooo/o.y' = 3IS-227J raJ/lee
Engine ¿peed = C¿5= lOOO rpm — (04 • 72 rad/sec
r=65/Í9n = /04 * 7 2 / 3 / 6 *22.7,8 = 0-3312
peafc- to - pea.k tr«*Vel of m alí = <0 mm
Firid; Y > 02 Y , G3Í Y -
10-6
We {¡a v e ., £ ro m Eg,- 0 o * 17) >
2 I rz o - 3 3 I 2 2,
_ r= ---------- - - = o- I 232
y 1^ = 0 | l - r*-| jt _ O*331 z.2-1
Since f?ea,k- to - |?ea,k tra-vel ©/ mw: - lorom , Z = sr mm
Y = z / o •1232 = s/o •(23 2 = 40 *524 4

AIclx olisjalfl-cemeftt o / Jôunc(cLtroh = Y= 4o*5?44 mrn
Ma_x '/e lo c i't j o-f -foanoía-tí'on = 69 Y = 4 - 2 4 : 9 - 9 9 2 4 rnrn/S£x-
(YIclx axx^í-hxiíZcm founda-'bíoin = C9Z Y =4 4 5 o 53 *#29 IVnm/sec
Mfl-Ximam sbeed = 3000 rbm : Hz ; r= - ~ ~ — °* 3
1016) ^
Fbr aête-r emeter, 1 =1+error= 0.9 (¡^
])(í-r ^ + (iT r)2
H ere c = 20 N —f / m > ^ _ c _ 2 0 ____________- o*ol£9i5
lm 6t9b 2 m £100 x 2. tt) m
For r = o*5, E&.(Ef) 9*“ves 7 = 0*8192
S: = "Y" = ^0/ 0. g 19g = 24 ■3 9 62. N - ¿ J m
m = -■— — = £4*3962- _ o-o 1 9 4 1 ^<q = <7*41 ^ ra-mj

269n ZflOOXZTT)
4:= w fiS^s o-Ol94l ( l o o X Z7t ) 2 = 7é22- 7 ? € 7 ^ /m
65n = Z7Y Í0 ‘ S) - IT ra-J/sec ; CJ, = 09 \¡T^~PP

10.17) "______ 1 a t o
'J T - T 2-' = “ i/ c J » = ° ‘4 S
/ o -5 4> V =
f| = = 47T/7I- = 4 ; r2 = = 8 ; r3 = ^ S /^ n = 12.
* . * » - (^ I L )
^ = iá.t7,^_lÍ£L^2J.^ - - 8. 4 9 3 4 o
^2 = g \ = _ 4 . o n ?9
V / - 64 /
d 3 = fetíT1f 2x ° ‘ 22 * l2-) = - 2- 6505°

V 1 - 144 /
z.
T\ ____________
,- ■" ~ =, x 20 - 11- 0 ? ? 4
/ e - O l +(*ír,)1
1*2
■■*— - x 10 = 10*1331
y ^ - O fc+ ( ^ r r 2) 2 '
1 0 -7
=========== X 5 - ?.02 ?4
+ ( 2 T r 3) 1
Record Indica -ted ¿y v íL fo m e icr & g«Ven ¿y
= 2!-0<??4 Sin C4-n-t + 8 * 4 .9 3 4 ° ) + (0*1331 Sin 4 ' 0615 °)

4 5• O2? 4 Sm ( í 2 7 r t + 2-é?05o ) mm
%(■{:)= 20 Sin S a i + 5 sin 150 -fe mm ( E|)

r10.18
* ( t ) = - Z o ( 5,o )1 SÍn 50 ir - 5 0 * 0 * «t. 150t m m /s e c
- _ 50 000 Sin 50 1 - 112 5 0 0 Sm 15o i ™m / s e c ( e 2)
G3n = 100 rad/sec , ^ >/7— 7 ¿ = 8 0 ^ f= 0*6
r - ¿j> 5° tr . r _ 03*- _ 150 ,

'" » n = 155“ - 0 ’ r2 - 1 5 ; - 757 = '•5
= W ' f-£ L Ü \ = h m - ' f * * ? * - * 0" * ) = BS-éS?*’

\ 1- r / / V 1-0-25 /
. _ 5 5 . 2 2.2 2.
5*0 00 0 M ^
= = = = = = = = - 52 0 5 7 ' ? 2 o 6
/Ói - r ^ + C ^ r . )l
11 2 5 0 0 = 51 3 5 5 . 6 2 2 ?
J ( ± - r? T + o t 1’* ) * '
O u i p u t o f t h accelerom e-fcer
e is given Ly
£(£) = —52 o57-?2o6 sin -32-6S?S^)
- 51335-6229 Sin ( / 5o ¿ 4 55 - 2 2 2 2 °) 'm m // s e c Z (E?)
it c an Le Seen é-fia-fc Eg. C^?') lS SuLsta-ntic^LUf cLiffe.re.nb

fr o m Ce z ) - _________
. For 9«Ven ¿ea-m ,

10.19) . 2
A = * Cí s ) = 0-0625 ¡n
I= l í M i Ú f = 2ü.35x¿
l - z" to \o"
For a cantilever Leam , Fi'g. 8* 15 gives
10-8
U/bere Qg( / = ( j, 2 1 S I04 )*" = 3 * 5 í £ o l 5
Q ^ / ) Z = (4* 6?4<5‘? /)2‘ = 2 1 * 0 3 4 4 ?

( /M ) 2 - C7*^?47 57)2 = 61- 6772.1
(/S4 J? ) 2 = Qo ' 91 ZZ4 l ) i = 12-0-90 172

Fór Sf>r¡ng s t e e i } E= 30 x 10^ psi , fJ . — o-¿3 3 ¿ ¿ / ¿n3
:__ L L y f 3° xi°¿ í ü i e i * ' ° ~ <:> 3 ,552.0

- í ^ c . . - » * ) ! 4 ; = **
Tfie f í r s t j-our .fre'guenc.ieS a-re given below :

1 lz "] cJ, U>z 05 3 GSU
1 = 2" í 4 ¡ 3210 - 102.0 ! 2oll7-4S?4 ; Sé 32.?* S S 2 7 ¡ lio 3*3- 4 5 3 0
W : (00 \ 118-404*? f0 4 * 6 ??S ! 2253- 1* 2.1 4 4 IS- 33*1
Henee t h e ra.nge oJ¡I preguen ¿.fes it a -t ca-n te measurecj iS’

given Ct5 > 12 8 * 4 0 4 ? r c u l/s e c .
However, jV rsi made onlg (u/híc¡> is o,siest to excíte'},
s
íke ra-nge o f fre.fiu.en cíes ís ¡ 28- 4 o4 ? ^gJ_ < ca < 3 Zlo-toz
k XR 1 _ r2 N
= — (assume)
Fo ( i _ r2)2+ ( 2 c r )2 D
D ^ - N ^
_d_ kxRN
dr , dr =0 i.e., D ^ - N -^ -= 0
dr D2 dr dr
or -¡(1 - r 2)2 + ( 2 f r) ( - 2 r) - (1 - r2) 2 (1 - r2) ( - 2 r) + 2 (2 <r r) (2 f) = 0
Tbis equation can be simplified as

r4 - 2 r2 + ( 1 - 4 f2) = 0
and its solution is given by
r2 = 1 i 2 f or r = V i + 2 £ ; V i — 2 £
Since
kXR
Fo ,r = V rT 7 7 4 f(l+ f) W
10-9
and
k XR
r =V i - 2 c= 4f(l-f) (2)
Fp " — “
we note that r = Rj = "N/ 1 — 2 f corresponds to a máximum and r = R 2 = *\/l + 2 f

corresponds to a mínimum of X r .
k Xj - 2 <;r
T T (1 — r2)2 + 4 f2 r2
D ^ - N ^
_d_ k X¡ " dr dr
= 0 ( 1)
dr Ff D‘
dN dD
where —— = — 2 £ and = - 2 (1 - r2) (2 r) + 8 r
dr dr
By setting the nmnerator of Eq. (1) eqnal to zero, we obtain
¡1 + r4 - 2 r2 + 4 r2 \ ( - 2 f) - ( - 2 f r) 4_ 4 r + 4 r 3 + 8 c 2 rh = 0
which can be simplified to obtain
3 r4 + (4 f 2 - 2) r2 - 1 = 0 (2)
The roots of Eq. (2) are given by
_ 1 -2 - 2 V ?4 - r ’ + 1 . l - 2 ji + 2 V f i - i i t l
r2 = (3)
3 3
Since it is difñcult to determine, from Eq. (3), the correct valué of r that corresponds to
the mínimum of Xi, we use a numerical computation. For f = 0.1, for example, Eq. (3)
gives
r2 = - 0.0030 ; 0.6583
This shows that
1 - 2 f2 + 2 V ?4 — S3 + 1
(4)
corresponds to the mínimum o f X j. For small valúes of £, f 2 <$C 1 and Eq. (4) gives
r~ 1 (5)
Thus X j attains its mínimum valué cióse to r = 1.
' ' Response o f a single d.o.f. system with hysteretic damping is given by Eq. (3.106):
x
Fq k — m w2 + i k /?
10-10
k - m t i? -k ff
Re Im
Fr (k - m cj2)2 + (k P)2 Fr (k - m co2)2 + (k p f
X
Re + Im ( 1)
Ff F0 (k - m co2)2 + (k p f
It can be verified that Eq. (l) can be rewritten as
X JX
Re + Im + (2 )
F0 F0 2 pk 2 pk
Eq. (2) shows that the locus of as OJ increases from zero is part of a circle, with
Fr
1
center 0 , -
2 k p
The peak of Bode diagram is equal to « In the present case, peak-to-peak valué is
@ plotted; henee X
................................. 0.45
X _ 0.225 _ 4 5 _ 1
mil = 0.225 mil.
.,
*C
Sst ~ 0.05 * 2f
or f = 0 . 1111 .
Lúe CS,
10-11
Reduction in amplitude from 6.8 in/sec to 0.8 in/sec in 7 cycles or 22 milliseconds.
10.24) Eq. (2.92) gives:
xi
- In = 8 or 5 = — ln — 0.3057
7 x8 7 v 0.8 '
Henee c = ------- = 0.04866.

* 2 7r
10.25 ) Typical Bode plot of phase angle

is shown in the figure.
cJ
(a) </> = 90° at r = ------ 1. Henee the valué o f 0Jn can be determined from the valué of
r corresponding to (j) = 90°.

(b) Since
-i 2 <Tr c OJ
(j) = tan = tan 1
1 -r ' k — m o?
we find
c oj1 c oj2
= —1 and — = 1
k —m oj\ k —m oj\
where cjj and oj2 correspond to the half power points. Henee, by finding the valúes of oj
corresponding to (j) = — 45° and <j) = — 135°, we obtain coj and oj2. From these valúes,
the damping ratio can be found using the relation:
— W1
2 0Jn
10-12
Characteristic Problem 10.26 Problem 10.27 Problem 10.28
n 16 18 18
N 750 rpm 1000 rpm 1500 rpm
d 15 mm 2 cm 10 mm
D 100 mm 15 cm 80 mm
o
o
<M
o
o
a 30°
d
— cos or 0.1299 0.1253 0.09576
Dominant frequency of
vibration
Inner race 6779.4 eycles/ min 10127.7 cycles/min 14792.8 cycles/min

defect (1078.97 Hz) (1611.87 Hz) (2354.33 Hz)
Outer race 5220.6 cycles/min 7872.3 cycles/min 12207.2 cycles/min

defect (830.88 Hz) (1252.91 Hz) (1942.84 Hz)
Ball or roller 1214.6 cycles/min 1761.7 cycles/min 2188.1 cycles/min

defect (193.31 Hz) (280.39 Hz) (348.25 Hz)
Cage 326.3 cycles/min 437.3 cycles/min 678.2 cycles/min

defect (51.93 Hz) (69.61 Hz) (107.93 Hz)
f(x) = — ; 1 < x < 5
x
x = mean valué of x = J f(x) x dx = -i- = 3
o 2 = (standard deviation)2 = f (x — x ) 2 f(x) dx
= T J (x - 3)2 = T 3 x2 + 9 x
3
i co 5
k = kurtosis = — / (x - x )4 f(x) dx = — / (x - 3)4 ( - ) dx
16 i
Let y = x - 3 so that dy = dx. This gives
k ~ 6 4 y =f -2 y 4 d ?
10-13
x = mean valué of x = 2 f(x¡) x¡
= ¿ w + | - ( 2) + ¿ - ( 3) + ¿ w +i - ( 5) + i ( 6) + ¿ ( 7) = 4
o2 = (standard deviation)2 = 2 (x¡ “ ^)2 ^(xi)
+ { 5 - 4 ) 2 4 + ( 8 - 4 )2 4 + ( 7 " 4 )2 ¿ = = 1-6875
16 v '• 32
£ (X¡ - X ) 4 f(xi) = (1 - 4)4 -é r + ( 2 - i f 4 +(3 -4 )* ±

32 32 16
+ (4 - 4 f ± + (5 - 4)4 ¿ + (6 - 4)4 JL + (7 _ 4)4 _ L = - 8.4375
8.4375
k = kurtosis = — 2 (xi ~ x)4 f(x¡) = = 2.9630
£7 1.68752
F íj. i° •4 6
10-14
B c ü s Cc tu les:
» f\í r e soY)a~nce j -the r\l l u d e uj,'H hcLve ^ sha^rj^ pe¿z.f<
* A t resonar? p h & se- ivíll bz 5 0 * a^'nA th e, js h c ^ s e
c i r \ a , 'n j e s fcy 150° ojS frequency croSês the r\ a ,t urcuL
frefyuenc,^.
irsiVig t k e s e rules, u /e id en íify £ o u .r resono-nt

£ rep u en cie$ m F i'j. i o - 4 é
R e s o n o-vi t £ resuenay I) ¿z~rr> |mr> q r out i'o

^ _ 2 3 5 . 3 4 4 ? - 21?- S 2 7 é
C£, - 22 3 • 44 2 3 Hz
1 * ( 2 2 8 •4 4 g 3 )
= o -o 3 3 ? Í 2
6S2 = 4 7 4 .13 7 ? Hz r _ 4 * 2 -75S6- 458'62o7
2 ^ — — -
2 ( 4 7 4 •I3 I B )
z. 0 •o 2 5 4 5 4
^ 1223.44^2- IHS - 2 7 5 2
03* “ 1215 • 5172 Hz S3 = ----------- -----------------------------— —
2- ( I 2. 15 . 5 1 7 2 )
= o •o 1 2 4 1 1
^ - 14 4 S* 2 7 5 7 5 HZ v- _ ' 4 5 3' 4 4 2 3 - 14 3 1 - 0 3 4 5
■>Lf ~ —----------------------------------------- —---
2( /44g. 2 7 5 9 )
= o . po 7 7 3 S
IR a. cta'us 0£ c í r c /e
= i •2 5 -
4 *
T = - a . 2.
4 0*5)
FIGURE 10.47
10-15
Ran<ge o f 02 = 62.*831 to 314- iG rcuj/sec = Goo lo 30oo rpm
Ma_x Q ^ elera -tron le.ve .1 — (o g — ? ?* i m /sex^
|V|fl.x wei'gkt of Specfmen = [o M
M ax V i'b r a t í'o n c u n p lilu .d e . = o* 0 0 2 5 m
Freguencg ra.nge:
VaxlaJíle. ¿ p e e d ele.clrCc moior ca,n ¿e LdSed to ©kta-iYt
tke fre^«-enc^ ro-nge [ j^ r a, tn e c lc c r r c a J . sAa-fcer).
Vi bra/ t t bn o-m pliluA e :
Ff >(t) = A Sin 0 ? t , fei )

o-c.cc.lercuti’on = /\¿ts2'.
At ¡09 = 3 ¡¿t'té raJ / s e c j aje* plílu.d& neede-d ~to a-cki'e.ve tAe
rnc2_Xi‘rnu.m ax o e ie ra / tib n <*s -
a¿m p lib u d e f/4) = cxí-êle r a - t ib n /^ 52
= ? S ',í! / f 3/ ^- / ó ) 2- = a*2? 3? x / F 3 m
At 03= 62*832. ra A / sec } ajm plt-bu.de ne.e.d.e-d tb a-cki'ev'e
tk e mcLxímum a-ceele r ^ t ib n A? :
CLm p l f t a d e _ a£r-g.fera*ti’o n y ^ 2
= ? ? *¡/^ éZ *S 2z ) 2 = 0 * 0 2 4 ^ 5 Tn
itu .d e tS ibo ín’g k iten ce cdiYect cjpph'ccLiton ° f
y ( t -) ib riot |>errmttec{
M ecbanfe&l ¿Aa-fcer o j- tk e shown ín F*g- 10*18 c.«-n ke
USed* B ls .c iro d y n a .m tic Ska^kcr o f tke type skoU/h in F ifi.
10*19 (a») aJso be used.
p le c tr o ma-gne'tifc s ta /c e r *.
M<xx. forcé ( Fmñ^

a v a i la-M e d e jse n d s on :
(a.) m a ^ n e t t 'c f i'c ld s ire n g H
(^k) r t u m k e r o f tarn í
(c ) coil d ia m e te r
(d) current f i o w íng
L.'rmtadrfonS a.re: (a.) r n a ^ er ia J . sireng-K., (¿ ) cooli'ng {arov í d e . d .
fría.* cuLcelera-tio n = /^ r mo-x \

^«
\ rm^, -f-
+ -mi. /
Where = maíí o f R eam en and =■ m«/S‘s aj? sha,ker taA/e.
Speed range: 300 - 600 rpm

\J0-.34j Frequency range: 31.416 - 62.832 rad/sec
Number o f reeds = 12
Uniform spacing of frequencies give tbe reed frequencies as:
Hi, ..., n i2 = 31.416, 34.272, 37.128, 39.984, 42.840,
45.696, 48.552, 51.408, 54.264, 57.120, 59.976, 62.832 rad/sec
Let eacb reed be considered as a cantilever beam of cross section a x b inches. Let
lengtbs of all reeds be same and tbe material be aluminum for ligbt weigbt. Tbe
fundamental natural frequency o f a reed is given by (Fig. 8.15):
El
wl — ( A = (1.87512)
pA t4
= 3.516 - = 69.1142 (104) b ^ r ( 1)

(0.1/386.4) A e*
By equating given by Eq. (l) to Qj , ..., ft12, in tura, tbe proper valué o f j ^ ^
needed for different reeds can be computed. By seíecting a common valué of € for all
reeds, tbe cross section of any reed can tben be found to acbieve tbe required valué of
_L
I 2
A /4
10-17
Iterative process is to be used.
1. Select trial valúes of the design parameters (material of the beam and its
dimensions).
2. Model the beam as a spring-mass system with:
m = end mass = 50% of mass of beam:
m = — p (i)
2
k = stifíness of a cantilever beam:
3EI
k = (2 )
3. Equations of motion:
m x -f k (x — y) = 0
or m z + k z = —m y (3)
where z = relative displacement of end mass.
4. Since ymax = 0.2 g, assnme a constant forcé o f - m (0.2 g) on the right hand side
of Eq. (3) and solve the equation to find z(t).
5. From the known zmax valué, compute the máximum stress ((Jm2iX) induced in the
beam. If crmax is less than the yield stress of the material, the design is complete.
Otherwise, go to step 1 and change one or more design parameters and repeat the
procedure until a satisfactory design is found.
rn 1
TTTTT?'-
B a s e m o i i 'o n , £ -
10-18
C h a p te r 11
N u m e r ic a l In t e g r a t io n M e th o d s
in V ib r a t io n A n a ly s is
dx 1 i* | *<+* - _ í * 1+1 x<.4-4

, , - 2 X.+, + *4-
á2"* ¿i )¿+1 at 1* At A-t
dt¿ (At>*
At At
£*| _ ¿5.)
i!z i dtHi+i
d t 3 \i At
(A t)
- x.\
¿ í* | ¿xM - á i2- f W J x , +i + * X<V,1 A 4V * - 3X^ +3X¿W
dt MZ+i Jt 3 U ------
d t* U (A t)1 (A ty
At
At
= %:+¿i ' * x * + 3 * 6 **'+> * * 4

(At ) 4 _____________________
dx dx
11.2
d fe l 2t á" dt ¿-i
JtMi P s r ^ ) - (- £ - - - ) =
At (A t y
At
d^X
d lx ) ^ dd S X1i/ ~~£ * a - I ~t - 2.^ __ ^ x ¿-< — 2 *¿—2 -f- x<,~
i!* = ^
d ?I t r UzlU¿r'-t_L
dt* = V (¿t)2- / \ r¿ t ) z
a t3 At
At
*; - 3 + 3
t*fc)
j 5* i _ | f c - 3 x¿ - ,+ 3 x ¿ - i - x¿->)- f x¿ - < - 1 x¿-z+ **¿-i~ * ¿-+)
iíil
dt3 Ii ■ tt’ I t - l = V ((At)_________
A t)3 (A t)3 /
¿ t* ¿
At At
X ;- 4 + 6 * ¿ -z - 4 * < - 8 +
(A t )4 ______________
* ;+ , - a *2 + * í _ ,
11.3
d t2 I; (A t)"
J 2X I _ ¿ ¿JS I + i f c l
it i Tf U i Jt ‘ |¿ dt»li-.
d t 4 Id
(A ty
11-1
+* . - z U l±1 ~ IX¿ + *;-i
(A t f (A t)
(A t)2- / \ (A t ) 1
* ¿ + 1 - 4 *<•+, + 6 * ; - 4 - ^ - , +
_____________________
Egua.-t.on: x -4- * - O Ú fi. \ i )
0 Centrad i : S í eren» wl^tten. *;*,= (A t0 — ^ - 1 0 - — ,i * i - i j
= (í- ¿ t 2) — (£0
For x0 = o and ¿0 = 1 , E? . ( | | . 9 ' ) 3 rv e s *_, = - AÍr
(O w;tk At = i , x .+ ¡ = x . - , — fe )
■Repetítíve a.j*Jf>li*ca,-tion ° f (Ei ) , witU x , = - I o_rJ * o = 0 , gives He
resu lts sUown ín the f®Lio u/in3 taJsle.
(n) U/iH» At = 0*5, x ¿+| s |.75 —* (E»)
Tê r e su ttí , fo r X_( “ -O* 5 a.«J x 5 r= O , o-re skoúm in the tatíe*
Com{>a,riSoTi of SolubionS:
T«me ( t ) Valué of X(t) ottamed utth "•• Exa,cb vaíu-e of x(t)

At = o*5
■H
! *Xk2 ” Stn ^
II
O O O
11 0
1
0*5 - O** Í 0*47 94
1 ( 0*8750 o*84 15
f.5 — 1*0313 0*9975
2 1 0*9297 0
*9o 93
2*5 - 0*5T3?7 ¡ 0*5385
3 o o-l¡22 ¡ 0*14(1
3-5 - —0* 3983 ! -o*35o8
4 -1 -0*8098 j -0*756 8
4*5 - -(•0189 1 -0*9775
5 -1 -0*9733 ! -0*9589
5*5 - - 0*6343 - o*7055
? 0 - 0*2242 -0*2794
t¿ , central ckfference formula, 5 (Ves
0 - f *« " 2 X* " 1 + X <-z-^ + o - ± *<• - 0
1* CAt)* /
r.e. X¿ = = 1*1111 ( i x ¿ -| - * £ - * ) £>r A t = i
l-o*±(At)z (E i)
Since y — - * -
— ------ni = o ,
*-o — x = x - i
Afc • “i ®
^ g - ( e i ) gives tke fottow ínj r e s u tts .
11-2
i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10
1 (•!/// 1-35*0 1-7 t í l 2-20f f 2.63% 3*0555 3-5092 4-3344
1 1 MUI 1-5550 1-7*32 2-20*4 3-053* 3-4*40 3-9092

\ -Z
X -l from(E,) MUI |.35?0 1-75*32. 2-20*4 2-6336 3-055S* 3-4*4-0 3-9032- 43544 4-7596
For g iv e n d a íc l, E$. ( M- 7 ) 9«Ves X ' +i ~ ° ' 7-(~TK¿ ~ 3 x á - i ' ) — (El)
© (
^
“ (t )
[" ■ * '>
<
9 ,V e x0 = -1
= i') => Underdo.mf>ed cose.

, * « _ , = - , . « 5
Since ^ _ 1EL = Ztt sec, loe u iii c o o s iá e r * B i e r e s p o n d e ¿ o r sfe^s .
t+l *7 *x+l ¿rom (e , )
1 O —0*625 0-375
2 0-375 0 0-5*2 5
3 0 . 5 2 50 0 0Et 00 Ü. 375000E+U0 0 . b 1G000E+00
4 o . s i o o o ü e +uu 0 . 525000E +00 0 . 399000E+00
5 0 , 399000Etü0 O.blOOUOE+OO 0. 252600E+00
6 0. 252600E+00 0 . 399000E+00 0 . 1 14240E+00
7 0 . 1 1 4240E + 00 U. 252b00Et00 0• 8 37604E- 02
3 0 . 8 3 7 6 0 4 E- 0 2 0 . 114240E+00 -0.56817 6E-01
3 -0.568176E-01 0. 837&04E-G2 -0.845702E-01
10 -0.845702E-01 - 0 . 56 8 17 6 8. - 0 1 -0.343078E-01
II - Q. 8 43 0 78 E- 0 1 -0.845702E-01 -0.672887E-01
i2 -0.672887E-01 - 0 . 8 4 307 8 E - 0 1 -0.436196E-01
13 -0.436196E-01 - 0 . 67 2 8 8 7E-01 - 0 . 2069 42E-01
f4 -0.206942E-01 - 0 . 4 36 i 9 6 E - 0 1 -0.280008E-02
15 -0.280008E-02 - 0 . 2 Q6942E- 01 0.849639E-02
( —; ) = i - ( £ = 0 =*■ C-riticedLy da.mf>ed c o s e .
© For tKe da4o,, Egs-(11-7> to (ií-9') 9‘Ve

_ i
H “ T
(7 - z X._, )
Response. ¿eíow.
= -2 , X_( = - 0-75 . ¡s g\'ven
X.
4. x¿+, fro m ( E, ;
1 0 -0-75 o-25
2 0*25 O 0-29 17
3 0 . 2916b7E*00 0 . 250000E +00 0 •256944E+00
4 0 . 256944E+00 0. 291667E+00 0. 202546E+00
5 0.202546E+ÜÜ 0 . 25b944E +00 0. l 50b56E+00
s 0 . 1 50656E +00 0 . 2 0 2 5 46E+00 0 . 108250E + 00
1 0 . 108250E+ 00 0 . 1 50656E +00 0 . 7 6 0 7 2 8 E - 01
8 0 . 7 6 07 2 8E- 0 1 0 •1Q8250E +00 0 . 5 2 6 6 8 3 E - 01
9 Ü. 526683E- 01 0 . 7 6 0 7 2 8 E- 0 1 0 . 360888E- 01
11-3
10 0 . 3 6 0 8 8 8 E- 0 1 0. 526683E- 01 0.245475E-01
II 0 . 2 4 5 4 7 5 E- 0 1 0 . 36Ü888E-Q1 0 . l b o 0 9 1 E- 0 1
IZ 0 • 1 66 0 91 E - 0 1 U. 245475E-01 0.U1948E-01
13 0 . 1 1 1948E-01 0. 166091E- 01 0.752425E-02
14 0.752425E-02 0. 111948E- 01 0•5 04668E- 02
(5 0.504668E-02 Ü. 752425E- 02 0.337971E-02
For gíven J a b a ,, Eg.(7/*7) 9íves 0.375 X;
tUiS ejuatiO n does r\ot m voive ctnd
fience the response can t te
found íince x0=o- Henee we cha.nge A t to o « 4 . tIvs gfves, frotn
Eg.(f|.7)> = 0 . 0 88S9 (il.s X¿ _ |.25X._( ) — (E,)
%S- O»**) (n*9) 9l,/e *a = - 4 X_( = - O-TZ
■Results:
í+1 *7-1 *¿ x i+ 1 ( E«)
1 -Q. 72000QE+00 O.OOOOOOE+OO 0 . tíOOOlOE-Ol

2 O.OOOOOOE+OO 0•800010E-01 0 . 8177 9 8 E - 0 1
3 0 . 800010E- U1 0. 817798E- 01 U. 747091E- 01
4 0.817798E-01 0 . 7 47091E - 0 1 0.6728 35E-01
5 0.747091E-01 0. 672835E- 01 0.6047 84E-01
G 0 . 672835E- Ü1 0 . 604784E- 01 0 . 5 4 3 4 7 1 E-01
7 0 . 6 0 4 7 8 4E-01 0 . 5 4 3 4 7 1 E-01 0 . 488356E- 01
8 0 . 5 4 3 4 7 1 E-01 0 . 488 3 5 6 E- 0 1 0 . 438829E-01
5 0.488356E-01 0 . 438829E-01 0 •3 9 4 3 2 3 E - 0 1
10 0.438829E-01 0. 394323E- 01 0 . 354332E- 01
¡1 0.394323E-01 0. 354332E- 01 0.318396E-01
IZ 0.354332E-01 0. 318396E- 01 0.286105E-01
13 0.318396E-01 0. 2861 0 5E- 0 1 0 . 257089E- 01
{*9h= = Z7.3SÍI , Tn = 2 -rr/^ = 0- ZÍ 943 • A-t= o-o5
Egs- (||.7 ) & O 1' 9) ?'Ve 0 £ t ¿ 0'2

ZOO
X¿+| = T ció f 2° ° ' ír ? 0 * « - ' + Fj¿ ) w,lCre F (^ = { _ S’o o t +3 0 0 ; 0 -2¿-fe<0 .¿
X 0 = 50, X = O .O S 2 5 — (B.)
"Resalts
¿+i *< F\- * H * ¿ ) x í + i from (E|)
1 O 0•200000E+03 O.OOOOOOE+OO 0.625000E-01 0 . 6 25 0 0 0 E- 0 1
z 0 -o5 0 . 20000QE+03 0 . b250 0 0E- 0 1 O.OOOOOOE+OO 0 . 131173L+00
3 o-l 0•200000E+03 0 . 1 3 11 / 3E +00 0 . 625000E- 01 0 , 7 8 6 9 4 2 E- 0 1
4 0 . 15 0.20000ÓE+03 0 . 786942E-01 0 , 1 3 1 1 7 3E+00 0. 5238 1 2E- 0 2
5 0* 1 0 . 200000E+03 0. 5 2 3 8 1 2 E- 0 2 0 . 786942E- 01 0. 47 3 5 2 4 E- 0 1
6 o* 25 0 . 1 75000E+0 3 0 . 473524E-01 0.523812E-02 0 . 108762E+00
7 0-3 0 . 150000E+03 0 . 108762E +00 0 . 473524E- 01 0 . 5 98 3 6 8 E- 0 1
8 0-35 Ü. 125000E+03 0 . 598368E-01 0 . 108762E+00 - 0 . 2 1 5 2 8 7 E- 0 1
9 0.4 0. 100000E+03 - 0 . 215287E-01 0 , 5 9 8 3 6 8 E-01 0 , 7 1 1 1 54E-03
(O 0-45 0 . 750000E +02 0 . 7 1 1 1 54E-03 -0.215287E-01 0 . 6 7 3 8 12E-01
II 0-5 0 . 500000E+02 0 . 6 7 38 1 2E- 0 1 0 . 7 1 1 154E- 03 0 . 384892E-01
12 0.55 0 . 250000E+0 2 0 •384892E-01 0.673812E-01 - 0 . 455336E-01
13 - 0 . 3 0 5 1 76E- 04 - 0 • 455336E-01 ü. 3 84 8 9 2 E- 0 1 - 0 . 431603E-01
1 1 -4
14 0.65 - 0 . 2 5 0 0 0 1 E+0 2 -0.431603E-01 - 0 . 455336E t 0 1 0 . 2 3 64 8 7E- 0 1
15 o*7 - 0 . 50 0 00 1 E+0 2 0. 2 3 6 4 8 7 E- 0 1 - 0 . 43 1 60 3 E- Q1 0 . 1 415 0 0 E - 0 1
i£ 0-75 - 0 . 75 0 00 1 E+0 2 0 . 1 4 15 0 0E- 0 1 0 02 3 6 4 8 7 E - 0 1 •0. 676142E-01
17 0-8 -0.10QQ0QE+Q3 - Q. 676142E- Q1 0 . 1 4 15 0 0E- 0 1 - 0 , 838765E-01
(8 0-25 • 0 . 125000E+03 - 0 . 838765E-01 -0.676142E-01 -0.215709E-01
19 0-9 - 0. 15 0 00 0 E+0 3 - Ü. 2 15 7 09 E- 0 1 - 0 . 838765E-01 - 0 . 134502E-01
20 0*95 • 0 . 175000E+03 - 0 . 134502E-01 • 0 . 21 5709E-01 - 0 . 886470E-Q i
21 1*00 - 0 . 20 0 00 0 E+0 3 -0.886470E-01 - 0 . 134502E-01 - 0 . 1 2 1 2 8 3 E+ 0 0
BûaA:Con: vn ic + c x + 1c x = F(fe) - £
© Sin ce ' £ ' „ s 2TT,

E^s. (II.7) to
¿fe
(11.9) $íve
ís sei ected a-s o *5.
*<;+l = o -2 ( 7 x ¿ - 3 x £, , + ¿ 2) — fe,’)
E xccob s o lu tio n (¡from Ex<xmf>le 4 . 9} :

Fbr SF = i , * = 1, G9„ = i , Y = o - ^ » ^ j = 0. 86603, uê ¡final
x (£ ) = fc - l- f e ° (o rf 0-?65o3 t - 0*57735 Sin 0-26603^ ) CE*)

■Resutfes .*
M-l *¿♦1 > (M '(Ez)
i 0 0*.00000~OE+00 o.ooooooE+oo O.OOOOOOE+OO 0 .1 82477E-01
2 0*5 O.OOOOOOE+OO O.OOOOOOE+OO 0. lOOOOOE+OO 0. 126190E+00
3 1 0 . IOOOOOE+OQ O.OOOOOOE+OO 0 . 340000E+00 0 • 364080E+00
4 1*5 0 . 340000E+00 0 . 100000E +Q0 0.71600 0E+00 0. 731292E+00
5 2. 0,716000E+00 0 . 340000E + Q0 0.119840E+01 0 .1 20253E+01
s 2.5 0.119840E+01 0.716000E+00 0.17 4816E+01 0. 1 74240E+01
7 3 0 . 174816E+01 0 . 119840E+01 0.232838E+01 0.231622E+01
8 3*5 ’ 0.232838E+01 0 . 174816E+01 0.291084E+01 0 . 289641E + 01
9 4 0.291084E+01 0.232838E+01 0.347815E+01 0 . 346501E+01
10 4 .S. 0.347815E+01 0.291084E+01 0 . 402290E+01 0,4013 35E+01
11 5 .. 0 . 402290E+01 0 . 347815E+01 0.454518E+01 0,45401ÍE+Ol
12 5#5 0.454518E+01 0.402290E+01 0 . 504950E+01 0 . 504860E+01
13 6 0 . 5Q4950E+Q1 0.454518E+01 0.554220E+01 0,5544 39E+01
<4 6*5 0 ,554220E+01 0•504950E+01 0.602938E+01 0 . 603328E+01
15 7 0.602938E+01 0 . 554220E+01 0.651581E+01 0.652013E+01
ie 7*5 Q.651581E+Q1 0 . 602938E+01 0.700451E+01 0. 700828E + 01
17 3 0•700451E+01 0.651581E+01 0.7 4968 2E+01 0.749949E+01
12 15 0 . 749682E+01 0 . 700451E+01 0 . 799285E+01 0 • 799426E+01
19 9 0.799285E+01 0,7 49682E +Q1 0 .8 49190E+01 0. 849219E+01
20 9*5 0.849190E+01 0•799285E+01 0 . 899294E+01 0 , 899244E+01
X _ <¿X» _ n-«
©
Let X£ = x
2' ¿fe ' 3F <¿fc ¿fe1
Egucttion n-l
d *• _ 3 (*>b) __ ^ n -l A *
¿t" «'n ¿fe l—I
Y
x„ - a «-l 2 iL . . . (et)
O/, Xn-» -
( E , ) a-nd (B¿) c<xn te expressed a j,
l f = FCx^t)
11-5
u
C MAIN PROGRAM FOR CALLING THE SUBRÜUTINE RK4
v- • • —————— ——————— ———————————————- — — ————• ———

C THE FOLLQWING 7 LINES NEED TU BE CHANGED FOR A DIFFERENT PROBLEM
DIMENSION TIME(40) , X ( 4 0 , 1 J , X X ( l ) , F ( l ) , m i ) , Y J ( 1 ) , YK(1) , Í L ( 1 ) ,
2 UU( 1)
XX(1)=1.0
NEQ=1
NSTEP=40
DT=0.1
1= 0 . 0
WRITE ( 5 8 , 1 0 )
10 FURMAT ( / / , 3 X , 5 H I ,10H T1MEC1) , 7X,5H X ( l ) , / )
DO 40 1 = 1 , NSTEP
CALL RK4 ( T , DT, NEQ, XX, F, YI , YJ , Í K, YL, UU)
TIME( I ) =T
DO 20 J=1, NEQ
20 X(I,J)=XX(J)
WRITE ( 5 8 , 3 0 ) I , T I M E ( 1 ) , ( X ( I , J ) , \ J = 1 , N E Q )
30 FORMAT ( 2X, 1 5 , F10. 4 , 2X, E l 5 . 8 , 2X, E l 5 . 8 )
40 CONTINUE
STOP
END
The sukrouii'ne F U N cu\d ouipu-t o.re g (Ven t e í o w .
For j7roblem (a>) i Fbr firo¿íem O )

SUBRQUTINE FUN ( X, F , N, T) i SUBRQUTINE FUN ( X, F , N, I )
DIMENSION X( N3 , F (N) i DIMENSION X ( N ) , F ( N )
i
F(1)=X(1)-1.5*EXP(-0.5*T) i F( l) = - r * c x c n * * 2)
i
RETURN i RETURN
i END
END
n. ME( i ) X(l) i I riMECI) XC1)
i
0. 1000 0 . 9 5 1 22939E +Q0 i 0.1000 0 . 99502486E+00
1 i 1
2 0. 2000 0 . 9 0483737E+00 i 2 0,2000 0•98039210E+00
i
3 0. 3000 0. 86070788E+00 ii 3 0.3000 0. 95693767E+00
4 0. 4000 0 . 81873059E+00 ii 4 0.4000 0 . 92592573E+00
5 0. 5000 0. 77880Q61E+Q0 1
i 5 0.5000 0„ 8 88 8 8 86 6E+00
6 0. 6000 0 . 7 4 0 8 1 802E+00 ii 6 0.6000 0 . 8 4 7 4 5 7 4 1E +00
■
7 0. 7000 0 . 7 0 4 6 8 7 8 3E +00 i 7 0.7000 0 . 8 0 3 2 1 264E+Q0
i
8 0. 8000 0 . 6 7 0 3 1 9 7 4E+00 i 8 0.8000 0 •75757557E+00
11-6
•
31 3. 1000 0 . 2 1 2 2 4 2 7 4E + 00 31 3. 1 0 00 0 . 1 7226547E+00
32 3 . 2 0 00 0 . 2 0 1 89069E+00 32 3 . 2 0 00 0 . 16339886EtOO
33 3•3000 0 . 19204344E+00 33 3.3000 0 . 1 55 1 59 2 1E +Q0
34 3.4000 0 . 18267635E+00 34 3.40UÜ 0 , 1 47 49 27 8E +00
35 3. 5000 0. 17376597E+00 35 3.5000 0 . 14035103E+Q0
36 3. 6000 0 . i b529004E +00 36 3 . 6 0 00 0 . 1 3368998E+00
37 3 . 7 0 00 0 , 15722735E+00 37 3.7000 0 . 12746987E+00
38 3 . 8 0 00 0 . 1 4 9 5 5 7 7 4E +Q0 38 3 . 8 0 00 Ü. l 21b5464E+00
39 3.9000 0 . 1 4 2 2 6 2 0 1 E+00 39 3 . 9 0 00 0 . 1 1 6 2 1 163E+00
40 4 . 0 0 00 0 . 13532193E+00 40 4.UU00 0 . 1 1 1 1 1 123E+00
The p r o jrc L m cund oubpu-b cure jfv e n b e io w .
nnnnnn
MAIN PROGRAM FOR CALLING THE SUBROUTINE RK2
THE FÜLLÜWING 6 LINES NEED TO BE CHANGED FOR A DIF FEREN T PROtJLEM

DIMENSION TIME( 4 0 ) , X ( 4 0 , 2 ) , X X ( 2 ) , F ( 2 ) , i i ( 2 ) , i JC2 ) , UU( 2 )
XXCl ) =0 . 0
XX( 2 ) = 0 . 0
NE0=2
NSTEP=4ü
DT=0. 3 14 1 b/ 2
r=o.o
rtRITE (5 / , 1 0 )
10 FORMAT C / / , 3 X , 5 H I ,10H TIMECI) , 7X, 5H XC1) , 12X, 5H X C 2 ) , / )
Dü 40 1 = 1 , NSTEP
CALL RK2 CT, DT, NEQ, XX, F, Y1, YJ, UU)
TIMECI)=T
DO 20 J=1,NEQ
20 X( I , J ) = X X CJ )
rtRITE ( 5 7 , 3 0 ) 1 , T 1 M E ( I ) , ( X ( I , J ) , J = 1 , N E Q )
30 FORMAT ( 2X, 1 5 , F10 . 4 , 2 X , El 5 . 8 , 2X, El 5 . 8 )
40 CONTINUE
STOP
END
C SUBROUTINE RK2
SUBROUTINE RK2 CT, DT, N, XX, F, X I , XJ, UU)

DIMENSION Xi ( N) , XJ( N) , UU( N) , XXCN) , FCN)
DO 10 1 = 1 , N
10 UUCI)=XX(1)
CALL FUN ( XX, F , N, T)
DO 20 1 = 1 , N
X1(1)=F(I)*ÜT
20 XX(i)=ÜU(I)+XI(I)
T=T+DT
CALL FUN ( XX, F, N, T)
DO 30 1 = 1 , N
XJ( I ) = F ( I ) *DT
30 XXCI)=UUCI)+CXI(I)+XJ(I))/2.0
RETURN
END
11-7
w • ——————————— ————■
C SUBROUTINE FüN FOR USE I¡M THE SUBROUTINE RK2
C THIS SUBROUTINE CHANGES FRUM PROBLEM 10 PRUBLEM
SUBROUTINE FUN ( X , F , N , T )
DIMENSION XCN), F(N)
F(1)=X(2)
F0 = 1 , O
T0=3. 1416
XM=1.0
XC=0. 2
XK=1. 0
FT=FO*(1.0-SIN(3.1416*T/(2.0*TO)))
F(2)=(FI-XC*X(2)-XK*XC1))
RETURN
END
I ÍIMECI) XC1) XC2)
1 0. 1571 ü. 1 2337063E- 01 0 •1 4845039E+00

2 0.3142 Q. 46506263E- 01 0 . 27647862E+00
3 0.4712 0 . 9 9 0 8 6 7 0 2 E-01 0 . 3 8 1 7 0516E +QQ
4 0.6233 0 . 16633771E+00 0 . 46245623E+00
5 0. 7B54 0 , 2 4 4 3 1 1 8 4E+00 0. 51778144E+00
6 U. 9425 0 . 32896915E+00 0 . 5 4 7 45305E +Q0
7 1 . 0996 0. 41628993E+00 0. 55194682E+00
3 1.256b 0 . 50238299E+00 0 . 53240609E +00
9 1. 4137 0 , 5 8 3 5 8 7 2 3E+Q0 0. 49059010E+00
10 1 . 5 708 0. 65656364E+00 0. 42880845E+00
36 5.6549 - 0 . 2 8 4 6 3 5 7 2 E+ 0 0 0 . 5 1 8 8 7 9 7 1 E+00
37 5.8120 - 0 . 1 9 2 3 7 4Ó4E + Q0 0 . 6 5 3 2 1 267E+00
38 5 . 9o9Q -0.79548687E-01 0 . 77926701E +00
39 6. 1261 0 . 5 2 3 2 4 4 1 4 E- 0 1 0 . 8 9440674E +00
40 6.2832 0. 20133464E+00 0. 99627036E+00
Tcomputer p>rogm.m and oubpu.tr cure given beLoui.

U tJ C
4A1N PRQGRAM FOR CALLING THE SUBROUTINE RK3

JCJC
J tj
THE FQLLQNING 6 LINES NEED TO BE CHANGED FOR A DIFFERENT PROBLEM

DIMENSION T 1 M E ( 4 0 ) , X ( 4 0 , 2 ) , X X C 2 ) , F ( 2 ) , Í I ( 2 ) , Y J ( 2 ) , H K ( 2 J , U U ( 2 J
XXC1) =0. 0
XX( 2 ) = 0 . O
NEQ=2
NSTEP=40
DT=0. 3 14 1 6/ 2
T= 0. 0
WRITE ( 5 7 , 1 0 )
10 FORMAT ( / / , 3X, 5H I ,10H TIMECI) , 7X, 5H X ( 1 ) , 1 2 X , 5 H X ( 2 ) , / )
DO 40 1 = 1 , NSTEP
CALL RK3 ( T, DT, NEQ, XX, F , Y I , I J , I K, UU)
TIMECI) =T
11-8
DO 20 J=1,NEQ
20 X(I,J)=XX(J)
WRITE ( 5 7 , 3 0 ) I , TIMECI) , ( X CI , J ) , J = 1 , NEQ)
30 FORMAT ( 2X, 1 5 , F10 . 4 , 2X, E15. 8 , 2X, E i 5 . 8 )
40 CONTINUE
STOP
END
C SUBROUTINE RK3
C ==================================================
SUBROUTINE RK3 ( T , DT, N, XX, F, X I , XJ, XK, UU)
DIMENSION X I ( N ) , X J ( N ) , X K ( N ) , U U ( N ) , X X ( N ) , F ( N )
DO 10 1 = 1, N
10 UU( I ) =XX( I )
DO 20 1 = 1 , N
XI C1 ) =F( I ) * DT
20 XXCI)=UU(I)+XICI)/ 2. 0
T=T+DT/ 2•0
DO 30 1 = 1 , N
X J ( I ) = F ( I ) *DT
30 XX(I)=UU(I)-XI(I)+2.0*XJ(I)
CALL FUN ( XX, F , N, T)
DO 40 1 = 1 , N
X K ( I ) = F ( I ) *DT
40 XXCI)=UU(I)+(XI(I)+4.0^XJ(I)+XK(I))/6.0
RETURN
END
C ==================================================
C SUBROUTINE FUN FOR USE IN THE SUBRQUIINE RK3
C THIS SUBROUTINE CHANGES FROM PROBLEM TO PROBLEM
C ==================================================
F(I)=X(2)
F O= l ,0
T0=3. 1416
XM=1•0
XC=0•2
XK=1•0
FT=F0*(1.0-SIN(3.1416*T/(2.0*T0)))
F(2)=(FT-XC*X(2)-XK»X(1))
RETURN
END
I r i ME ( i ) X(l) X( 2)
1 0.0785 0 . 1 1884968E-01 0. 14891791E+00

2 0 . 1 5 71 0•46078 302E-01 0 . 28356332E +00
3 0.2356 0 , 1 0 0 1 1 1 04E+00 0 . 4 0 1 1 3 1 8 1 E+00
4 0.3142 0 . 1 7 1 1 1 324E+00 0 . 4 9 9 3 2 9 1 2E+00
5 0.3927 0 , 255897 43E+00 0 , 57641083E+00
6 0.4712 0 . 3 5 1 0 4 7 16E+00 0. 63120759E+00
7 0.5498 0 . 45300832E+0Q 0 . 6 6 3 1 3553E+00
8 0.6283 0 . 5 5 8 1 8 1 05E+00 0 . 6 7 2 1 9222E+00
9 0.7069 0 . 66300964E+00 0 , 6 5 8 9 3 8 7 1 E+00
10 0.7854 0. 76406908E+00 0 . 6 2 4 4 6 8 2 1 E+00
11-9
36 2.8274 - 0 , 5 6 9 4 8 4 2 3E + 00 - 0 . 2 865 8101E+00
37 2 . 9 0 60 - 0. &0655731E+00 =0 . 18535951E +00
38 2 . 9 8 45 - 0 . 62764353E*00 - 0 . 8 3 4 1 2 7 4 4 E- 0 1
39 3. 0631 - 0 . 63280767E+00 0. 1 7 00 2 78 4 E- 0 1
40 3. 1416 - 0 . 6 2 2 4 6 108E+00 0 . 1 137 3823E+00
The ma-in jjrogram, satroatm e FUM and resuLis are (jlv er
C MAIN PROGRAM FOR CAbLING THE SUBROUTINE RK2

C
C THE FOLLUNÍNG 6 LINES NEED TU BE CHANGED FOK A DIPFERENT PROBLEM

Ü1MENS1UN TIME( 4 0 ) , X ( 4 0 , 2 ) , XX( 2 ) , F ( 2 ) , I I ( 2 ) , Y J ( 2 ) , U U ( 2 )
XXC1)=5.Ü
XX(2)=0.0
NEü =2
NSTEP=40
DT=0.01
T= 0 . 0
«RITE (61 1 0 )
10 FÜRMAT ( / / , 3 X , 5 H 1 OH T1ME(1), 7X, 5H X ( 1 ) , 1 2 X , 5 H X ( 2 ) , / )
D¡J 40 1 = 1 , NSTEP
CALL RK2 ( T, DT, NEQ, XX, F, YI , YJ, UU)
TIMECI) =T
DO ¿0 J = 1 , NEQ
20 X(I,J)=XX(J)
WRiTE ( 6 1 , 3 0 ) I » I I ME( I ) , ( X ( 1 , J ) , J = 1 , NEQ)
30 FORMAT ( 2 X , I 5 , F 1 0 . 4 , 2 X , E 1 5 . B , 2 X , E 1 5 . 8 )
40 CONTINUE
STOP
END
DIMENSION X( N) , F ( N)
F(1)=X(2)
F(2)=-1000.0*X(1)
RETURN
END
I IÍMECI) X(l) XC2)
1 0.0100 0. 4750000QE +0 1 - 0 . 50 0 00 0 00 E+0 2

2 0.0200 0 . 4 0 1 24998E+01 - 0 . 95000000E+02
3 0.0300 0. 28618748E+01 - 0 . 1303750ÜE+03
4 0.0400 0 . 1 4 1 5 0 3 1 l Et Ol - 0 . 1 5247501E+03
5 0.0500 ° 0 . 1 8 0 4 7 0 5 9 E+0 0 - 0 . 1 5 9 0 0 1 5 7 E+03
6 0.0600 - 0 . 1 7 6 1 4628E+01 - 0 * 1 4924678E+03
7 0.0700 - 0 . 3 1 6 5 857 6E + 0 1 - 0 . 12 4 16 9 82 E+0 3
8 0.0800 -0.42492628Et01 - 0 . 86302750E+02
9 0.0900 - 0 . 48998270Et01 - 0 . 39494984E+02
10 0.1000 -0.50497856Et01 0 . 1 1 478039E +02
11-10
0. 360Ü 0. 28330812E+01 0 . 139Q1421E+Q3
0.3700 0 , 40815692E+01 0 . 10373269E+03
0.3800 0 . 4 9 1 4 8 178E*01 0 , 57730366E+02
0.3900 0. 52463808E+01 0 . 56956673E+01
0. 40Ü0 0 . 5 0 4 1 0 1 8 5 E f 01 - 0 . 4 7 0 5 2 9 2 1 E+ 0 2
The m cL in p r o jr tz m , s u J ,r o u h 'n & FUN <a.r\cQ r es u tb s a -r e gíven .
nnn nnn
MAIN PRDGRAM FOk CALLING THE SUBRGUT1NE RK3
THE FDLLÜwING 6 LINES NEED Tü BE CHANGED FOR A DIFFERENT PROBLEM

DIMENSION TIMEC4 0 ) , X( 4 0 , 2 ) , XX(2 ) , F ( 2 ) , Y I C 2 ) , YJ (2 ) , ÍK ( 2 ) , UU( 2)
XX( 1 ) = 5 . 0
XX(2)=0.0
NEQ=2
NSTEP=40
DT=Ü, 01
T= Q. 0
WRITE ( 6 2 , 1 0 )
10 FORMAT ( / / , 3 X, 5 H I , 1QH TI ME( I ) , 7X, 5H X C1 ) , 1 2 X, 5 H X ( 2 ) , / )
DO 40 1 = 1 , NSTEP
CALL RK3 ( T , D T , NEO, XX, F , Í I , I J , I K , U U )
TIME( I ) =T
DO 20 J=1,NEQ
20 X(I,J)=XX(J)
WRITE. ( 6 2 , 30) I , T I ME ( I ) , (X ( I , J ) , J = 1 ,NEQ)
30 FORMAT ( 2X, 1 5 , F l 0 . 4 , 2X, E l 5 . 8 , 2X, E1 5 . tí)
40 CONTINUE
STOP
END
SU6R0UT1NE FUN ( X , F , N , T )
DIMENSION X( N) , F ( N)
F ( 1 j =X( 2 )
F(2)=-1000.0*X(1)
RE TURN
END
i r i ME ( I ) X(l) X( 2 )
1 0.0050 0•47500000E+01 -0.49166668Ef02

2 0.0100 0 . 40290279E+01 - 0 . 9 3 4 1 6 6 7 2 E+ 0 2
3 0.0150 0. 29089794E+01 - 0 . 12836461E+03
4 0.0200 0, 15012785E +01 - 0 . 15055135E +03
5 0.0250 - 0 . 5 4 2 0 7 0 8 7 E- 0 1 - 0 . 15778635E+03
6 0.0300 - 0 . 1 6 0 3 0 b 2 4 E+ 0 i - 0 . 1 4936400E+03
7 0.0350 - 0 . 2 9916553E+Q1 - 0 . 1 2 6 1 3235E+0 3
8 0.0400 - 0. 40823741E+01 - 0 . 9 0 4 0 7 7 9 9 E+ 0 2
9 0.0450 - 0 . 47672653E+01 - 0 . 4 5 7 4 4 0 6 1 E+02
0.0500 - 0 . 4 9 7 8 7 188E+01 0 . 3 4 2 1 2494E+01
l?
36 0.1800 0 . 1 8843936E+01 0•14399376E+03
37 0.1850 0. 32061126E+01 0 . 1 1 8 2 6 420E+03
38 0.1900 0 . 42087383E+01 0 . 8 0 82 4 21 9E +02
39 0.1950 0 . 47930727E+01 0 . 35397079E+02
40 0.2000 0 . 4 9 0 1 4902E+01 - 0 . 1 3 5 0 4 6 5 4 E+ 0 2
11-11
11.17) T h e m<xir\ pro^rcLm , s u b ro u é i’ne FU N and o u h jy u t o¿ce ^íven.
UOC
MAIN PRGGRAM FOR CALLING THE SUBROUTINE RK4

J C
JCJ CJ
THE FOLLOWING 7 LINES NEED TO BE CHANGED FUR A DIFFERENT PROBLEM

DIMENSION TIME( 4 0 ) , X I 4 0 , 2 ) , X X ( 2 ) , F ( 2 ) , XI ( 2 D , Y J ( 2 ) , í K ( 2 ) , Y L ( 2 ) ,
2 UUC2)
XX( 1 ) =5 •0
XX( 2 ) = 0 . 0
ÑC,3 = 2
NSTEP*40
DT=0.01
T=0 . 0
WRITE ( 5 9 , 1 0 )
10 FORMAT C / / , 3 X , 5 H I ,10HTIME( I ) , 7X, 5H X ( 1 ) , 1 2 X , 5 H X ( 2 ) , / )
DO 40 1 = 1 , NSTEP
CALL RK4 ( T , D T , N E O , X X , F , Í I , I J , Í K , Y L , U U )
TIME( 1 ) =T
DU 20 J =1 , NEQ
20 X(I,J)=XX(J)
WRITE ( 5 9 , 3 0 ) I , TIME( I) , ( X ( I , J ) , J=1 , ¡JEQ)
30 FDRMAT ( 2X, 1 5 , F l 0 . 4 , 2X, El 5 . B, 2X, El 5 . 8 )
40 CONTINUE
STOP
END
SUBROUTINE FUN ( X , F , N , D
DIMENSION X( M) , F ( N)
F(1)=X(2)
F(2)=-1000.0*X(1)
RETURN
END
I ri ME( I ) X(l) X( 2)
1 0.0100 0 . 4 7 5 2 0 8 33E+01 - 0 . 49166bó8E+02

2 0.0200 0 . 4 0 3 2 9 6 / 1 E+01 - 0 . 93 4 57 6 42 E+0 2
3 0. 0 3 00 0 . 2 9 1 4 0 1 8 2 E+01 - 0 . 1 2 8 4 8 1 4 1 E+0 3
4 0.0400 0 . 15061308E+01 - 0 . 15076540E +03
5 0.0500 -0.51074505E-01 - 0 . 1 5 8 1 0023E+Q3
6 O.ObOO - 0 . 16031944E+01 - 0 . 1 4975887E+03
7 0.0700 - 0 . 29963315E+01 - 0 . 1 265b857 E+03
8 0.0800 - 0 . 4 0 9 2 3 5 4 3 E+01 - 0 . 9 0 6 2 8 9 5 7 E+02
9 0.0900 - 0 , 47825933E+01 - 0 . 46083870E+U2
10 0.1000 - 0. 49966143E+01 0 . 32299538E+01
36 0.3600 0 . 1 8 8 9 8 8 1 7E+01 0 . 14634213E+03

37 0.3700 0 . 32352061E+0 1 0. 12050217E+03
38 0.3800 0. 42597 318E + 0 1 0 , 8 2 7 1 4409E+02
39 0 . 3900 0. 48618784E+01 0 • 36725792E+02
40 0.4000 0. 49819474E+01 - 0 . 1 2 9 0 3 6 6 7 E+Ü2
11-12
The maín fnrogram, subroubíne Ektfun and results are gtven.
C
C PROGRAM-.....................................................................
C MAIN PROGRAM WHICH CALLS CDIFF
C
C == == ====:= === ======= ==== = =::===:= == == ==== = = = = == = = == == = = == == = = = = == = = = = == ==
C FÜLLOWING 10 LINES CDNTAIN PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
REAL M( 2 , 2 ) , K C 2 , 2 ) , MC C 2 , 2 ) , MK C 2 , 2 ) , MC I C 2 , 2 ) , MMC ( 2 , 2 )
___________DIMENSION . C( 2, 2) . +£I C2) , XDI C23 , XDDI ( 2) , XMl ( 2 ) , F ( 2 ) , R ( 2 ) , R R ( 2 ) ,
2 XMK(2),XHI(2),XM2(2),XP1(2),ZA(2),ZB(2),ZC(2),LA(2),LB(2,2),
3 SC2),XC25,2),XD(25,2),XDDC25,2)
___________DATA N, NSTEP-+.N5IEE1, DEL-T/2 , 2 4 , 2 5 > 0 . 2 4 2 1 6 2 6 7 /
DATA X I / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA X D I / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
___________DATA M/ I.-0-f.O-J}-^.jQ, 2 . 0 / ...............
DATA C / 2 . 0 , - 2 . 0 , - 2 . 0 , 2 . 0 /
DATA K / 6 . 0 , - 2 . 0 , - 2 . 0 , 8 . 0 /
C END OF PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA . _ ____
CALL CDIFF ( M, C, K, X I , XDI, XDDI, N, NSTEP, DELT, F , R, RR, XM1 , XM2, XP1,
2 MC,MK, MCI, XMK, MMC,XMI, ZA, ZB, ZC, LA,LB, S, X, XD, XDD, NSTEP1)
___________WRIJE_( 5X, Ji ) £_________ _________
10 FORMAT C/>,38H SOLÜTION BY CENTRAL DIFFERENCE METHOD,/)
WRITE ( 5 3 , 2 0 ) N,NSTEP,DELT
20 ____ EQRMAT r i.2H-SI.YEN DA T A : , / , 3 H N= , I 5 , 4 X, 7 H NSTEP=, 15 , 4X, 6H DELX=,
2 E15.8,/)
WRITE ( 5 3 , 3 0 )
_10______ FORMAT f l QH SOLUTION: , / / , 5H STEP, 3X,5H TIME,3X,7H X ( I , 1 ) , 3 X ,
2 8H X D ( I , 1 ) , 2 X , 9 H XDD( I, 1 ) , 4X, 7H X ( I , 2 ) , 3 X , 8 H X D ( I , 2 ) , 2 X ,
3 9H X D D ( I , 2 ) , / )
__________ DO 40 1=1, NSTEP1
TIME=REAL(I-1)♦DELT
40 WRITE ( 5 3 , 5 0 ) I , TI ME,X( 1 , 1 ) , XD( I , 1 ) , XDD( 1 , 1 ) , X( 1 , 2 ) , XD( I , 2 ) ,
2 XDD( 1 , 2 ) ______
50 FORMAT ( 1 X, 1 4 , F8. 4 , 6 ( I X , E l 0 . 4 ) )
STOP
END.
C ■=====================================================================
c_________________________
C SUBROUTINE EXTFUN
C THIS SUBROUTINE IS PROBLEM-DEPENDENT
£ __________________________
C ======================================================================
SUBROUTINE EXTFUN ( F, TI HE, N)
___________PÍM-ENSIQN_jXMl . .
F (1)=0.0
F(2)=10.0
___________RET.URN____________
END
SOLUTION BY CENTRAL DIFFERENCE METHOD___
GIVEN DATAS
N* 2 NS I EP s 24 DELT= 0 . 2 4 216 267 E+0 0
11-13
SOLUTION
STEP TIME X(I,1) XD C1, 1 ) XDD( I , 1 ) X ( 1 , 2) XDC1 , 2 ) XDD( I , 2 )
1 0.0000 0 . 0000E+00 0 . 0000E+00 0 . 0000E+00 0 . OOOOE+OO 0 . OOOOE+OO 0 . 5000E+01

2 0.2422 0 . OOOOE+OO 0 . OOOOE+OO 0 . OOOOE+OO 0 . 1466E+00 0 . 3077E- 07 0. 5000E+01
3 0.4843 0 . 1 1 22E+00 0. 2317E+00 0 . 1 913E+01 0 . 5045E+00 0 . 1 042E+01 0 . 3604E+01
4 0.7265 0 . 3 6 0 1E+00 0 . 7436E+00 0 . 2314E+01 0 . 9859E+00 0 . 1733E+01 0 , 2105E+01
5 0.9687 0 . 6966E+Q0 0 . 1207E+01 0 . 1510E+01 0 . 1500E+01 0 . 2056E + 01 0 . 5669E+00
6 1.2108 0 . 1036E+01 0 . 1 396E+01 0 . 5531E- 01 0.1961E+01 0 . 2013E+01 - . 9224E+00
7 1.4530 0 •1 289E+01 0 •1224E+01 - . 1 478E+01 0.2292E+01 0 . 1633E+01 - • 2217E+01
8 1. 6 9 51 0.1388E+Q1 Ó. 7260E+00 - • 2635E+01 0 . 2438E+01 0 . 9 8 5 1 E+0 0 - . 3 1 36E+Ó1
9 1.9373 0 . 1 302E+01 0 . 2 6 1 0E-01 - . 3 1 45E+01 0. 2378E+01 0 . 1 795E+00 - . 3 5 1 8E+01
10 2.1795 0•1045E+01 - . 7088E+00 - • 2925E+01 0. 2127E+01 - . 6433E + 00 - , 3277E+01
11 2.4216 0 . 6664E+00 - , 1312E+01 - . 2061E+01 0. 17 32E+01 - . 1335E + 0 1 - • 2439E+Ó1
12 2.6638 0 . 2433E+Q0 - , 1655E +01 - . 7 648E+00 0 . 1270E+01 - . 1769E + 0 1 - . 1146E+01
13 2.9060 - . 1 398E+00 - . 1665E +0 1 0 . 68Q8E+00 0 . 8289E+00 - . 1 864E+01 0 , 3640E+00
14 3.1481 ■•4070E+00 - . 1 343E+01 0 . 1979E + 01 0 . 4940E+00 - . 1602E + Q1 0. 1803E+01
15 3.3903 - . 5055E+Q0 - . 7550E+00 0 . 2 374E + 01 0 •3288E+00 - . 1033E + 01 0 . 2895E+01
Ib 3.6324 - • 4166E+00 -,2 00 1 E-01 0 . 3 1 96E+01 0. 36 45E+QO - . 2673E+00 0 . 3427E+Q1
17 3.8746 - . 1 5 8 4 E+ 0 0 0 . 7 1 6 7 E+00 0. 2889E+01 0. 5935E+00 0 . 5466E + 00 0 . 3295E+0Í
18 4.1168 0 . 2 1 83E+00 0 . 1 3 1 1 E+01 0. 2019E+01 0. 9707E+00 0 •1 252E+01 0. 2527E+01
19 4.3589 0 . 5395E+00 0 . 1647E+01 0 . 7600E+00 0 •1422E+01 0 . i 712E +01 0 . 1 2 7 1E+01
20 4.6011 0 . 1 023E+01 ó . 1662E+01 - . 6399E+00 0.1861E+O1 0 . 1 838 E+0 1 - , 2264E+ÓÓ
21 4.8433 0 . 1295E+01 0. 1353E+01 - . 1 9 0 8 E+ 0 1 0.2201E+01 0 . 1 608E +0 1 - •1675E+01
22 5.0854 0 •1 403E+01 0 , 7832E+00 -.2800E+01 0. 2378E+01 0 , 1 067E + 0 1 - . 2793E+01
23 5.3276 0. 1326E+01 0.63 42E-01 - . 3 1 45E+01 0. 2357E+01 0 . 3 2 1 1 E+0 0 - . 3366E+01
24 5.5697 0. 1080E+01 - , 6657E+00 -.2877E+01 0 , 2143E+01 - •4839E + 00 - , 3283E +01
25 5.8119 0 . 7 1 42E+00 - . 1263E+01 -.2053E+01 0. 1779E+01 - . 1 192E + 0 1 - , 2564E+01
The- proklem- 4 e penden-i áata, to te used ín tke ma.Cn j>ro9 ra.m ( ufn'ch
ca lis C DÍ F F ) , subrou-tine EX.TFUM cuid oa-bfjai a r e given beLou/-
C F3LLQWING 10 LINES CONTAIN PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
REAL M ( 2 , 2 ) , K C 2 , 2 ) , M C ( 2 , 2 ) , M K ( 2 , 2 ) , MCI( 2 , 2 ) , MMC(2, 2)
DIMENSION C 1 2 , 2 ) , X I ( 2 ) , X D I C 2 ) , X D D I ( 2 ) , X M 1 ( 2 ) , F ( 2 ) , R ( 2 ) , R R ( 2 ) ,
2 XMKC2),XMIC2),XM2(2),XP1(2),ZAC2),ZB(2),ZCC2),LA(2),LB(2,2),
3 S ( 2 ) , X ( 2 5 , 2 ) , XDC25, 2 ) , XDDC 2 5 , 2 )
DATA N, NSTEP,NSTEP1, DELT/ 2, 2 4 , 2 5 , 0 . 2 4 2 1 6 2 6 7 /
DATA X I / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA X D I / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA M / l . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 2 . 0 /
DATA C / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA K / 6 . 0 , - 2 . 0 , - 2 . 0 , 8 . 0 /
SUBROUTINE EXTFUN ( F , TIME,N)
DIMENSION FCN )
F( 1 ) =1 0 . 0 * S I N( 5 . 0 * T1 MEJ
F( 2 7= 0 . 0
RETURN
END
SOLUTION Bí CENTRAL DIFFERENCE METHOD
GIVEN DATA!
N= 2 NSTEP= 24 DELT= 0. 24216267E+00
SOLUTION:
11-14
STEP TIME XCI,1) XD( 1 , 1 ) X DD( I , 1 ) XC1, 2) XD(I,2) XDD( I, 2)
1 0.0000 O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO O. ÜOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO O , OOOOE+QO
2 0.2422 0 . 5488E+00 Ü.1133E+01 0 . 9359E+Ü1 O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO O , OOOOE+OO
3 0.4843 0 . 1 291E+01 0.2666E+01 0 . 3301E+01 O. 3 2 1 9 E - 0 1 0.6645E-01 O , 5488E+ 00
4 0.7265 Ü.1307E+01 O. 1 565£+u1 - . 1240E+02 0 . 1325E+00 0 . 2737E + 00 O , 1162E+01
5 0. 96B7 0 . 2 9 6 4E+00 - . 2054E+01 - . 1 749E+02 0. 2784E+00 0. 5084E+00 0 , 7 / 65E+00
6 1 . 2 1 08 -.9186E+00 - . 4595E+01 3493E+01 0. 3764E+00 0 . 5035E + 00 - 817 3E+00
7 1.4530 -.1279E+01 - . 3252E+01 0 . 1 458E+02 O. 3322E+00 0 . 1 1 1 OE + OO - , 2424E+01
8 1. 6951 -.6732E+00 O•5066E+00 0 . 1 647E+02 0 . 1 3 5 1 E+00
9 ■ •4982E + 00 - , 2608E+01
1. 9 3 73 0. 33 24E-01 O. 2709E+01 0. 17 22E +U1 ■ . 1 332E+00 -.9609E+00 - , 1214E+01
10 2.1795 0 . 1288E+00 0 . 165ÓE + 01 - . 1042E+02 ■ . 3683E+00 ■•1039E+01 O 15 66UE+00
11 2.4216 - . 1236E+00 3238E+00 - . 5 93 3 E+0 1 •. 5094E+00 ■•7768E+00 O , 1602E +0 1
t2 2.6638 0.8610E-02 - . 2 4 8 1 E+ 00 0. 6558E+01 ■. 5383E+00
13 2.9060 ". 3511E+00 O . 1914E+01
0 . 6 1 65E+00 0. 1528E+01 0. 8111E+01 •. 440 4L+ 00
14 3 . 1 4 81 0 . 1 4 24 E+0 0 O , 2162E+01
0. 93O6E+00 0 . 1916E+01 - . 4906E+01 “ . 2 0 31E+00
15 O. 6 9 2 1E + 00 O . 2378E+01
3.3903 0 . J481E+00 - . 5 54 0 E+0 0 1549E+02 O. 1 368E+00
16 3.6324 0. 1192E+01 O , 1749E+01
■•7 1 8 9 E+00 ■ . 3 4 1 8E+01 -. S160E+01 O. 4650E+00 O. 1 380E + 01 - , 1991E+00
17 3.8746 1185E + 01 3166E+01 0 . 1 024E+02 0. 6420E+00 0. 1043E+01 - , 2579E+01
18 4.1168 - . 5807E+00 0. 2853E+00 0 . 182bE+02 0. 5989E+00 0 . 2764E+00 - , 3753E+01
19 4.3589 4 1 29E+00 O , 3300E+01 0 . 6635E+01 0 . 3 8 1 2E+00 - . 5 385E + 0U - , 297 6E+01
20 4.6011 8 0 8 1E+00 0 . 2867E+01 - . 1 0 2 1 E+ 0 2 0 . 9 8 3 7 E- 0 1 - . 1 0 3 3 E+ 0 1 - , 1112E+01
21 4.8433 4651E+00 0 . 1077E+00 •. 1259E+ 02 - . 1602E+Ü0 -.1118E+01 O , 4 1 46E+00
22 5.0854 1098E+00 - . 1442E+01 - . 2 0 9 8 E+ 0 0 * . 3 5 3 9 E+00 - . 9338E + 00 O , 1106E+01
23 5.3276 0 . 2596E+00 - . 4244E+00 0. 8612E+01 • . 4582E+00 - . 6 1 5 2E +00 O ■1525E+01
24 5.5697 0 . 5064E+00 0 . 8 1 8 8E +00 0. 1655E+01 • . 4397E+00 1772E+00 O , 2092E+01
25 5.8119 0. 1U89E+00 - . 3 11 2 E+0 0 - . 1099E+02 - . 2 8 8 5 E+ 0 0 0 . 3 5 04 E+0 0 O , 2265E+01
(11.20) TÍ'f. f’^ ^ - d e p e n J e n i ‘*a i * í>e u s e j m t h e mo-m brogrcu* ( u h í c k
ca,lts CDiFF).» subroutine EKTFUN and outrpicfc ore given
C rüLLQWING l ü LINES CONTAIN PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
REAL M ( 2 , 2 ) , K ( 2 , 2 ) , M C ( 2 , 2 ) , M K ( 2 , 2 ) , M C I ( 2 , 2 ) , MMC( 2 , 2 )
DIMENSIUN C ( 2 , 2 ) , X I ( 2 ) , XDI C2) , XDD1( 2 ) , XM1( 2 ) , F ( 2 ) , R( 2 ) , RR(2
3
5 ( 2 ) , X ( 2 5 , 2 ) , XD( 25, 2) , XDDC25, 2J
DATA N,NSTEP,NSTEP1 , DELT/ 2, 2 4 , 2 5 , 0 . 2 5 /
DATA X l / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA X D I / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA M / 2 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 1 . 0 /
DATA C / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA K / ó . 0 , - 2 . 0 , - 2 . 0 , 4 . 0 /
SUBROUTINE EXTFUN ( F, TIME, N)
DIMENSION F(N)
F(1)=5 . Ü
F ( 2 ) = 2 0 . 0 * S 1 N ( 5 . 0 * T I ME )
RETURM
END
SOLUTION B C E NT RA L DIFFERENCE METHOD
GIVEN DATA;
N= 2 NSIEP= 24 DELT= 0 . 25000000E+00
SOLUTION:
STEP TIME X ( I , 1) XD( I , 1 ) XDDCI 1) X( 1 , 2 ) XD( 1 , 2 ) XDD(
11-15
1 0 . 0000 O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO 0 . 2500E + 01 O.OOOOE+OO
2 0 . 2500
O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO
0 . 7 8 1 3E-01 O.OOOOE+OO 0. 2500E+01 0. 1186E+01
3 0 . 5000
0. 2372E+01 0 . 1898E+02
0. 3720E+00 0 . 7440E+00 0. 3452E + 01 O. 28 3 4E+01
4
0 . 5668E + 0 1 0. 7381E+01
0 . 7500 O,9295E+0Q O. I703E+01 0. 4218E+01 O•3105E+01 0 . 3837E + 0 1 - . 2202E+02
5 1 . 0000 0 . 1 663E+01 0 . 2582E+01 0 . 2 8 16E+01 0.1517E+01 • . 263 3E +0 1 - . 2974E+02
6 1 . 2500 O. 2 3 36E + 0 1 O•2813E+01 - . 9 7 1 6E+Ü0 - . 2 8 3 2 E+0 0 - . 6 776L+01 - . 3 40 7 E+0 1
7 1 . 5000 O. 2709E+01 0 . 2092E+01 - . 4790E + 01 - .5484E+00 - . 4 1 3 1 E+01 0 . 2 456E+02
8 1 . 7500 0. 2697E+01 0. 7215E+00 - . 6 1 7 6E+01 0 . 4430E+00
9 2 . 0000
0. 1452E +01 0 . 2 0 1 1E+02
0 . 2 362E+01 - . 6938E+00 - . 5 1 47E+01 0. 9807E+00 0 . 3058E +0 1 - . 7 259E +0 1
10 2 . 2500 O. 1 803E+01 - . 1788E+01 - . 3606E + 01 0 . 3588E+00 - . 1685E +00 - . 1 8 5 5 E+ 0 2
11 2 . 5000 0. 1084E+Q1 - . 2557E+01 - •25 49E + 0 1 - . 2 1 0 5 E+ 0 0 - . 2382E +01 0 , 8438E+00
12 2 . 7500 O. 3046E+00 - . 2996E+01 - . 9614E + 00 0. 5659E+00
13 3. 0000 0. 4142E+00 0 . 2 1 53E+02
••3400E+00 - . 2847E+01 0 , 2 1 52E+01 0 . 2052E+01
14 3. 0 . 4524E +0 1 0. 1135E+02
2500 ■ . 6363EtQ0 1882E+01 O. 5572E+01 0. 2337E+01
15 0. 3543E+01 1920E +02
3. 5000 - . 5 1 10E+00 - . 3 4 2 1 E+00 0 . 6 7 46E+01 0 . 7 3 9 4 E+00 - . 2625E+ 0 1 - . 3 0 1 3 E+0 2
1ó 3. 7500 - . 87 4 2 E - 0 1 0 . 1098E+01 O. 4 772E+01 - . 1231E+01 - . 7137E+01 - . 5967E+01
17 4. 0000 0 . 4318E+00 0 . 1886E+01 0 . 1531E+01 - . 1764E+01
18 4. - . 5 00 7 E+0 1 0. 2301E+02
2500 O. 9 1 61E+00 0.2007E+01 - . 5596E+00 - . 9579E+00 0 . 5 4 7 IE+OO 0. 2142E+02
19 4. 5000 0 . 1325E+01 0 , 1 786E+01 - . 1206E + 01 - • 4U66E+00 0. 2715E+01 - . 40 8 OE+0 1
20 4. 7500 0 . I 6 I 0 E+OI 0 . 1400E+01 -.1882E+01 - . 8 1 6 0 E+0 0 0. 2836E+00 - • 1537E+02
21 5. OOOO 0. 1710E+01 O, 7696E+00 - . 3 1 65E+01 - . 9849E+00
22 5. 2500 - . 1 15 7 E+0 1 0. 3850E+01
0. 1577E+01 - . 77 8 2 E- 0 1 - . 3 6 1 4E+01 0 . 4299E+ 00
23 0. 2492E+01 O. 2534E+02
5. 5000 0. 1332E+01 - , 7549E+00 - •1 8 02E + 0 1 O. 2B08E+01
24 5 . 7500
0. 7586E+01 O,1542E+02
0 . 11Ó9E+01 - . 8 1 62E+G0 0 . 1311E+01 0. 4079E+01 0. 7298E+01
25 6 . OOOO 0 . 1 1 98E+01 - . 1 7 7 3 E+02
- * 2684E+00 0. 3071E+01 O. 3 2 4 1E+01 0. 8649E+00 - . 3374E+02
W (x.) |
—o qJ c y i o d e. í'):
MI^(w3 -iw í + 2 w , - * , ) = - íjj.v ,
i r C ^ - 2 w- 0 = - U i ■ w- , )
Ab X - J? ( a i r to c fe n ) :
1 «T V
tx í> > El -r ¡r = k , V fz )
t*e.
^ r f w» + i - í w M | t 2 w „ . , - w n. ^ =
w» - >
11-16
(n 22 \ S»Ven eûa-krons can ke expressed)
v_y jx _ fj. ( *2
? - 6 x, + ZXj )
& - h \ s i
f,
20 /¿in + 2 *i - 4 X?
L/kere
^-1
¿U ^ ju d x,
^ 2.
0*i¿^¿rUí/ ¿ 2.
Tke ma.tn progra-m u/kicl> Ca,iLs RK4*, "tkfi Suk'roU'érne FC/N and éhe
results cure given*
o o n o n o
MAIN PROGRAM FOR CALLING THE SUBROUTINE RK4
IHE FOLLQWING 7 LINES NEED TO BE CHANGED FOR A DIFFERENT PROBLEM

DIMENSION T I M E C 2 5 ) , X C 2 5 , 4 ) , X X ( 4 ) , F ( 4 ) , m 4 ) , Y J C 4 ) , m 4 ) , Y L ( 4 ) ,
2 ÜUC 4)
XX(1)=0.0
XX(2)=0.0
XX(3)=0.0
XX(4)=0.0
NEQ=4
NSTEP=25
11-17
DT= 0 . 2 5
T= 0 . 0
wRIl’E ( 6 0 , 1 0 )
10 FORMAT ( / / , 3X, 5H I ,10H T I M E C I ) , 7 X , 5 H X ( l ) , 1 2 X , 5 r t X(2)
2 12X, 5H XC3) , 12X, 5H X ( 4 ) , / )
DO 40 1 = 1 , NSTEP
CALL RK4 C T , ü r , NEQ, XX , F , Y I , X J , Í K, YL,UU)
r i ME ( I ) = T
DiJ 20 J=1,NEQ
20 Xll,J)=XX(J)
«RITE ( 6 0 , 3 0 ) 1 , T I M E ( I ) , ( X ( I , J ) , J=1, NEQ)
30 FORMAT ( 2X, 1 5 , F I O . 4 , 4 ( ¿ X , E 1 5 . 8 ) )
40 CONTINUE
STUP
END
SUBROUT1NE FUN ( X , F , N , T )
FCl ) =X ( 2 )
F ( 2 ) = ( 5 . 0 - 6 , 0+XC1)+2 .0*X
FC 3) =X( 4 )
F ( 4) = 2 0 . 0 * S I N C 5 . 0 * T ) + 2 . a
RETURN
END
I r i MEt i ) XC1) XC2) X ( 3) X( 4 )
1 0.2500 0 . 76904297E-01 0 0•2446Q433E+00 0 . 2 6 9 3 2 1 80E+01

2 0.5000 0. 3145 3 16 2 L+00 0 0 . 14515579E +0 i 0. 64889636E+01
3 ü . 7500 0•7 4 01 4 31 2E +00 0 0 . 29793470E+01 0 . 4 5 6 4 1 656E+01
4 1.0000 0. 13591884E+01 0 0 , 3 2 6 0 7 1 02E+01 - 0 . 2 6 1 2 6 1 5 1 E+0 1
5 1.2500 0. 20711818E+01 0 0 . 1 8 9 1 6 9 1 3t+01 - 0 . 7 2935324E +01
6 1.5000 0 . 2 6 6 8 7 763E+01 0 0 . 27935052E+00 - 0 . 4 5 0 6 7 8 5 4 E+0 1
7 1.7500 0. 29524713E+01 0 ■0. 78577667E-01 0 . 1 4555850E+01
8 2.0000 0. 28473990E+01 -0 0 . 6029b357E+00 0 , 2 9 1 8 6 6 4 7 E+01
y 2.2500 0. 24058905E+01 -0 Q.90024G42E+0Q - 0 . 9 6 2 3 2 7 96E+00
10 2.5000 0 . 1 7232550E+01 -0 0 , 2 3 8 7 6 3 2 1 E+00 - 0 . 35 3 36 8 85 E+0 1
n 2.7500 0 . 89089936E+00 -0 ■0. 34061307E+00 - 0 . 2 6 9 3 8 4 3 8 E+ 0 0
12 3.0000 0 . 3 4 34 6 52 1 E- 0 1 -0 0. 25854278E+00 0. 4o59V433E+01
13 3.2500 - 0 . 6 5 4 0 0 2 1 9 E+ 0 0 -0 0 . 1 4 9 0 9 3 6 2 E+01 0 , 3 9 9 0 3 2 8 1 E+01
14 3.5000 - 0 . 9 8 1 6 1 9 5 4 E+ 0 0 -0 0 . 1 7 3 1 3157E+01 - 0 . 2 4 9 5 5 2 4 6 E+01
15 3. 7500 - 0 . 8 7 7 9 7 0 2 8 E+ 0 0 0 0. 39478755E+00 - O, 72439308E+01
Ib 4.0000 - 0 . 4 3 7 0 8 4 5 3 E+00 0 ■0. 12451535E+01 - 0 • 47495975E+01
17 4.2500 0 . 16884252E+00 0 ■0. 1658 7874E +Q1 0 . 1 3506827E+01
18 4.50OÜ 0. 802B4268E+00 0 * 0 . 92830122E+00 0. 34720 352E +01
19 4.7500 0 . 1 3 8 4 4 1 82E+01 0 *0 . 39376926E+00 0. 36745048E+00
20 5.0000 0 . 18346303E+01 0 *0. 640649021:+00 - 0 . 15653036E+01
21 5.2500 0 . 2 0 6 1 2290E+01 0 ■0. 64773440E+00 0. 23636723E+01
22 5.5000 0 . 20297880E+01 -0 0 , 7 1 066928E +00 0 . 8 1037455E+01
23 5.7500 0 . 18273093E+01 -0 0. 28840952E+01 0 . 79655704E+01
24 6. OoOO 0 . 16137744E+01 -0 0 . 40854921E+01 0 . 1 0 1 14455E+01
25 6.2500 0 . 1 4 9 6 0 9 6 3 E+01 -0 0. 34342446E+01 - 0 . 5 4 4 0 8 9 4 1 E+01
Ej>u.ci,bioY\ o f mobíon U
3
At ^Tt'd 13omt l , tlií? comes
11-18
Ü;+t - 2 -h t\*_ i + X £ U¿ = o or - (2 - A ) U- + U¿_ . = o --- (E,)
- / a / J- J x . wkerC A- = *
fcg'(e<)> ^hen ° - t r ' ^ a to noeles' 2 ,3 a_nJ 4 , giVeS
u , - ( z - V ) üi + y, = o |
U4 - ( 1 - X) U3 + U1 = o V — ( E0
U y - ( t - A ) U* + U 3 = o )
Wítfi boundary condítíows L/( - U 5 = o, (E z) becomes-
__ 1
“ i
. i
N>
Uz ")
0
0
l
£a] U - * [ l ] u =0 uhere ¡> ] = l 0 , ü -
-1 2 -1 | ,M = I 0
3X3 3X» 3X1 3x< ?Xl Uí
_0 -1 2 L? 0 1 y j
Tke solution o f H te efgenvalu.e jorotlem .‘s found vsínj P r o y r a m S . p
The r e p u l í s cure
X, = 0-595786 , \-_- l'O,
2 \ 3 = 3*414-2.1
09,= 3-06147 69z = 5-65695 G33 = 7*33103

í w /i*
0.5 . 0 .7 0 7
t=>
- 0)
ü = 0-707 ( , u (2)= 0 l. í - 00 -*57 0 7 )C
II
v-
0-5 J -0*707 0-5 J
i
l l 24^ (* ) P°rce^ /onyí’tudrnctl
Vfbr a*fci'on: ¥ n-l n n+l
1 2
Egu.at<‘or» ¿S F»g. i
r\2- 3 <-(
t
ea Í 4 + f = ^ r r r 4
3xx 3t
ma
— (B.)
u k e r e u = U (Xjir) . t=(w- 2)Afc-* m- ¡I t
Let: tíre ¿olutibn Le
-----
reguíred jr>r o<t£T. z (**¿)
u..
Set ujj, ÍP3- (jinxfe <*
alpru^ 7- curuA t
i = 2 A t -> 3 (>• ------
CLX_ft5 a i Î-OTJJT!-
(3/2)
F<^. 2 . NJbée t = A t -» 2 —
0,0 f*.l) M X
tfcjdt irriCiJ^¿rií^^j t= o -> f er- ->
n-l m r-h 1
jzozrtJT cüvt 11 •
t = - At -> és -¿-------¿J-.---- ¿------ -ó-------- ¿------- d------ ¿
f c ) c u-£ ajt
x= n i 0>-i) (2,-0 ( 3,- 1) (*,-•) («»-«) (n-H,-<)
^ f j f 1 t .
cmvd t ——At /3o X-0 X*" X=2>i x=(n-i)n X=nk
-feat jûLe.
-fv = n - l At = •m- 1
CzruJkfccrruS’ CfiLTrt
o^y ^ ÍljlJ cJ c X = ( h - i ) £ Fi'q . 2
;l l
11-19
cunA ixvM J. CsxnJjJ^crrtS cojv- Íj€ ojb t = o •
Lt t ' U* . = VoJmjí. -u ot fe ¡x ñ y jr (fe /)•
fc£. ( E , ) Cpírt ¿e O ^Ô Xárnofed cd: ^crCjz ( < > ¿ ) a*
EA ^ V ¿ + I , ¿ ~ 2 u £- ¡ , j ' j + í z ^ - J=A Z U *',j * U ---
u W f(x » x;, t= t¿) .
The- prOCC-clure to Set oj? -fe ¡jirdJtíA^^ye>ULrr^ce.eûoJlay^S ig -
( i j . A f t l f ( B ¿ ) oir «jtod. (2,|), (3,0 (2,1), («)»•*•» C«»0;

->•; ( i ( « i - i ) , ( f e - m - 0 , * •* >( n ^ m - 0 . tK ís g iv e s (n -i x m -i)
e<£ua,t¡onS ,‘n f e un Known Sa^crcCa-tLd w ift - adl fe c^ a t fxrisrJj
Mi&uro- Fi'g •2. •
(2) „ A|J>¿dy f e 1 IxTLOri-da^ OzrnjJjjticrroi ■

At x=0j u (x ,f) =o => « , . , = « i , t = ••■ = u l , n - i ~'u i,n ,= °
At x=£, |H. = o =*■ « n<.t ^ :for ¿ =
O)- tte inibíc^L ConditionS-

At t =0, Jktr u(x,t) = U0 ( ^ > ' T k e n LT ( * = * ; ) f c r ¿ - h * , -*>"+»
At fc»o, Wr ¿ H ^ t ) = t£(*). rten n ¿>1 - « ¿ <_ , = ¿ (jc = ^
2 At °
ÍS' feV , = f e ‘ , 2 “ 2 At t£(x¿) ftr X » 1 , 1 , - - . n + l.
( 4). E x.j?re£ ¿ fe . ftz&uJst¿rLSj e^jjuoÍJarng Cm m cdküK fcrfryn • ThtA*.

a í mcz-my ^LnjusJv e^jJtoAlcrng oJ> ttü Jix. oJn¿_ .UAx*n-uox¿rn¿ ■
( i í ) Free v ib r a tio n : z
E g u a tio n ¿s d fe .j. c^2 u = 0 u /k ere cfe= --- ( E * )
d X2-
At rtode ¿ , ( % ) becom es * 2. , \
CF. g. 3-) L f e , - ¿ LN +. U¿_, +■ X U¿ = 0 wkere A= W — ( e4 ;
A ^ lg in g ( e 2) aje vsrrLtí 2 , ? J. . v n gives
u 3 - (2 - A ) U2 + u, = 0
u4 - (¿ - A ) U 3 + Vz - o
— ( £s)
u „ - ( l - A ) U rt_< + l f e z = °
fe*.,
n f-l “ f2“ 'A)
V Uh -h
. t»n_
—o
w n - lf - -J jy ^ ^
So a n d a r y candzterrvS cüê U, — O (\J ~ o a k r . - o sj omA t ^ +<- ^ n_ ( [ =0 at X
(E5) OArd ( % ) 91 ve (
Uj - ( 2 - A) U2. =0
uf - ( i - A) 0 3 + Ü2 = 0
11-20
U „ - C t - x ) U n_, H- u n_ 2 - o — (e7)
- 0 - > ) Un + 2. U nH = o
For n = 4 > (E 7 ) Ccwr ^ ^
-I 2 - 1 - \ — 1n 0 , --- Os)
o - z 2. J L u4 0 .
Frequency e^-o-tLcrn.
\ 3- fe A1 + 9 X - 0 — ( e 9)
3 - 7 5 20 50
5-79555 / E '
í//: V /X 1
^ \ FbrceA Íj&&úyr\jx£ y^^zdlcrr, : ; h -h
k
^
l y E ^ tT o n S3- ^ | . + í = 5T -~(e,) %_ =
n-J. *
O1
:= i
Le/t H e solu-¿-«*or> ke reguiVeJ fcr o<t<T. £ _j_
Set XiJ^ OJ jjírü-fe d¿^t>L2zrvC-e cxlcrr-^j n-1 m—1
x/t ^tvví^r
ûíi^ tv n p¿»t' «vt?
J-'V ■ -y ^ oJjm~cjj ir
o-w— w
(fen# m po.Vtí) JL¿r~ da> - -fe f .> ¿ c4 (’rotlem \0.'2.4.
Let 9 ,^ = af*=^,t=feí<
) ff^ = ¿ ( * = «x, -fc^-ty)
Eg-Ô oJr ^1¿=( j?ofnt (<■',/ ) J ‘Ves
G éX ^ 9<+«>¿ ~ z e ¿ >é * 9¿-« ' ¿ ^ + = 3T ~ 7' ^ í '*~ h
T k e ¡3ro c e c íu re to se t u p He f»'m*fce ct'^ F e re n ce ^ rie l ¿g .

(lV A E g • ( ^ 2*) ot- <yz¿¿£. -j-toisi-ir ( z , \ ) f ( 3 jS*), . * • 9 CVI —I » 0 ; ( ^ 2. ) >^?y 2.);
••*, 2-) ; • <•.- ', ^2 , * m - O > ( 3 , rn - i " ) , - • • , ( t j—l, m - l ) . t K ¿ ?
( t i - i ) X (tu —J ~) p^j , r,^Lrrtr^ <*i tA jl ín ) X ( m - { - l ' ) <-L^r*-4<^VT-aTt7rv£ ■
(2) . btrufruáciJig zsrnJliJZoT^ '•

At x = o , 9 (*-> t ) = o • tfe-Tvi^ 0 f ^ = 0 Jir r j- - 1 , 2 , . . . , ■m
^ X- 1 , 3 ( x , t ) —0 • flence 0 n , y - O J-zrc <t “ ^ 2> *‘ ’ * Tn

(?) - Apjíl^ írujtZcJ. Cj=nr^JbJj¿crr^¡ ■
At t - O j 6 ( z , - t ') = Qa( x ) ^ &¿> ± ~ ® 0 ( * " a - 0
At-t=0,t*t ) = © ,( * ) = » e. _ - 2 A-t ¿ f « c / \ fcr £ » ! . * , - vH.

y <.,-1 <->2 OV * /
(4 ) E x p r é s fe yu ^ M r^ u w fe u ^
(ti-2)kt» ^ ( n- Q * *t. Lo-r^m-cx^rug •_______________________________
11-21
X=0 x=X
Af>t>ly¡r\y Eg . (ii - 5 o') ta meS li
J^mEs 3 a-nd 4 . gcVeS -1 4 5- 5
w4 - ^3 + (S -A ) W2 - + wl + *-| = 0
Wj. _ 4 + (-£_ X) U/ j - 4 + W, - o
(O
wí - 4 w5+ (5->) w3 + w2 = o
Boundary ccndttí'offs cLre w - 4dx
^ - 0 cdr >1 = 0 a-A^d x = J¿
K =0 , W_|S w2 ; wr = 0 ,
hecovneS , cufte r CLfrfljxrxj bounda-ry c o n d íb ío * s,
7 -4 1 w2 1 o o W,
V»/
-4 6 - 4 3 v - X 0 I o
i -4 7 w, 0 o I
Solution (ot>teuiV»ed UStnJ F ro^.r¿Zro 9 * F ) ,s
X - 1. 2 . 5 5 4 4 , *;>= X, = /2‘7446
U5.= 1 7 '9 2 7 4 EX El
0SL= 39-171» / E 1 -4- 053 = 57- 1173
/A l + 2 J <f A £ 4 jÂl
—►O) 1 _ (3) r o. 5r4is

W = < ff-766 2. > , W = < - 0 -S4 2 G
0 -4 5 4 .4 } l o- 54 (¡?
z=o x=i x
EgjxO^ÍZcri :
f u -1 „H n n+i n<-2
E I ^ + / A ^ =
3x+ X n z — (£,>
W - 2 -), M =—
Le.4 t t e Solador» te reguíred o£b£T. 'T»-l/ vn- I
Set u-ja ex jh’nite cfcêTTXmXa. <
^ u'c^ aXrru^
9C ^ grfd ¡foln-bs - b t> 2,,-.., n-t-2. ) cJLp-^ é ( f ^ d - 1,1, 2, •••>
JriuîvJ^Tuj cp zd jpoínks a n t £rc¿¿fecí ecb > : = - £ , x = h-U o ^ J x~ Zi - z^j
ajv-d a.b fc — — /2»t •
Let u - ^ = u (*= X,- , t = - ¿ ¿ ) = f(*= t = -t,-).
Eg.(^j) ¡X jv^t ( ¿ J ? ) J¿\&J
/t¿r. . - 4 i¿r-, , + 5 u . .- 4 u . -f- w. \ /V. . —z w . .+ * * -.A
El ^ 2 ^ c~z ' i j + f A | K>t+' «>> ^ y
Tke procedure to set uf> the f frute d í f f eterice e£ua.fc»'or>s ¿s :

(¿) Atyjy (Ee') ^ <7^ (xrvYvfi" ( 2 , 1), ( 3, ! ) , « » • , O11/ 0 » C2^2-), ( X 2 ) , *• •, ( n , z ) ;
... ; ( i , m -l), ( 3 > m - l ) , . . (t \-\) eg^£kjt<SYv5
íAx. ifa_ UsrJ¿rr\szrujr>¿> (xS^ct^ío XslA vsd tr cM cyr¿¿£ •
(2.^. Aj»|>ly {^ûjylcLxTí^ (jzrnÁjJlonA :
11-22
At*=o, w = — =o=> « i trz¿ } = '**■...... m.
At x = £, ¿ í£ = l l ^ = 0 ^ w . - z w +«■ =o,
ÍX2-
tC L ,, • - 1 U" . + 2 1*7 , . - W . = o
n-f-2, j. ri+l>/ Vt-I>/
=* CJ*n+f,^. =■ 2.l*J .- t*T^—i

.,j.. W . = fi.w
n+2,£ n,^.
W*
n-l,¿
4-1(7
17-z, j.
dbr / = I, 2-,••** m
(3). Atyly in i c i a l e o n d itfo n S :
At t =o , A * 0 7 (x ,t) = K (X ) *
At t = o , A t (x.>t) .= *& S(x) or. = w. - 2 A t & £ (* ;) f o r ¿ 5 f . Z / - jn

3t •*"* 2.
(4) , Express tke JlCtcUtcin^ e^xodZcrn-£ ¿*. Ûn.
EoíACíxÔT1 i 2.
m 7 =b
p(Sf+§£>+*=/■ s? - ^ Th-i I* i
Set Uj> OJ (j¿rd£Z AL^TULt^j CJL cfT-^
*.= ■ &
u i$ \ n J m Q jr^d j o o í n ’t s a Á c rr^
<1*= t*-i
r-> y CLr^Á t CLXXi. InfercL^Ce. CXs^
-I At = _H-
ir Y u a _ c j¿ n ¿ z )- t ¿ f cf z i-£^ a t t = — A t ' IT"* x=a* X
— W
"fe a Jp ^ b g tfo. iyuüZaX OmTjJ¿¿£ZbrruS . 2 3 -<. n-i n
-¡T
Ut U Í,i.1c * ,úr( * * X i. * = *>.*»**)
*=£(*»**, í =»/.****)•
Ce») 9«ves d t f o in t
07
tVl, i ,ic " 2 ***,* + icj ^ p ^ ^,¿+1 >-k 2^ j -(*A
*í “A- '
+ i?,** = / ( - i ’¿ ^ + ' + ^ * ~ L) - - )
The follow tnj J^ ro c e d u re is used to áj&u.**. -tkz jxnjal eûoJjcrn-s :

(í). A¡>f>ly Eg.(E2) «t 5^ froinbs f°r *= l,z,- -, n ; ^-\,zi.
m a^vd = l>2 ,»• •, j * - 1 . rk¿¿ nxwx f f - i ) eg^cajfcm¿ ¿n
Y1 X m x ) ¿JvrtXrrUTUTrL* •
(2.)' hcuscuJLoJ^. CcrridLdZcrrJi ’.

A t x= O ; o r f x , ^ t ) = O ^ toj_^ JÍC = 0 d ir f ^ 5 f
At * =a», w- (x, y, t) = o =» t j . ^ = o f c í= i.V ^ m ; *= ^ ...,1»
11-23
M y - O , w-(jL,y,t) = o => w¿ j í ¡ i c = o fot ¿=>,i ..... .. ; *= I, 2
Ai y - b, w ( 7 L , y , i ) - o =» = 0 ír r ¿= *= I>2 f
{?)■ Atth in ih c u L c o n d it io r > $ :
At b - o , h ± fcr(x,y,t) = !*£(*,> ) ^ h r ¿ = i > z ,■■■>*;
A t - t- o , ^ ísj. . = í í T. . - 2 W Y * . 2*^
í = í> 2.,--•/ tt > ¿ = l,Z,..., m.

(4). Express tKe resulimg egua-tfor>S in Yna/trix cform- r h e r e oñM te
(fl-2.) X f™*"2-) x Krr\ ~tf^ ^CXn-m-g. ru ¿^ ¿^ - qf-
of mo t í o r ) :
rn fF,co
Fz ( í ) .
».e.
-2
x- A- CO
-2 Z -
E ^ u O /t/o n í CO c«,n be r e w n t t e n o*?
X , -{- 2 X | - i ¿ 2 + ( S x , — 2. X 2 — O
¿ X 2. - 2 X, + 2 ¿ 2 ^ 2 X, + 3 X ¿ = (0
or X| - - 2«| + 2 ^ - g x, + 2 X 2 C z)
^ ^ 1 — ^ 2 “t" x l “ ^ X Z + -* CO
U s í1 n
Vi )
y, a.nd Y (^~°) = 0
y= V i
>
y
V
E^s.(2) o.nd (3) co-n W
e e-xpreísed ¡as
^ 7 = \ - z ^ * í ^ - é y, + = j r(t)
Jt ' y*
y 2 - y* + y, - h h 1 5
11-24
l/SÍn Jk - 22Lo , Fr^^qr^m (¿f-rn ox.w be
USed to ¿fi'n d th e s o lu tio r » .
Results o f Exll_29
******•***.**************
» programl4
I Time(I ) xd ) d x (l) x(2) dx(2)
1 . 5708e-001 5 . 9523e-003 1 . 0944e-001 5 . 8328e-002 7. 2086e-001

3 . 1416e-001 4 . 2823e-002 3 . 7884e-001 2 . 1918e-001 1. 3032e+000
4 .?124e-001 1 .2857e-001 7 . 1703e-001 4 . 5992e-001 1. 7366e+000
6 . 2832e-001 2 . 6725e-001 1 . 0403e+000 7 . 5658e-001 2. 0145e+000
7 . 8540e-001 4 . 5102e-001 1 . 2817e+000 1 . 0845e+000 2. 1343e+000
9 .4248e-001 6 . 6316e-001 1 . 3960é+000 1 . 4189e+000 2. 0980e+000
1 . 0996e+000 8 . 8165e-001 1 . 3607e+000 1 . 7358e+000 1. 9137e+000
8 1 . 2566e+000 1.0827e+000 1 . 1755e+000 2 . 0132e+000 1. 5971e+000
9 1 . 4137e+000 1 . 2440e+000 8 . 5854e-001 2 . 2318e+000 1. 1714e+000
10 1 . 5708e+000 1.3472e+000 4 . 4240e-001 2 . 3770e+000 6. 6715e-001
11 1 . 7279e+000 1.3799e+000 - 3 . 0920e-002 2 . 4392e+000 1 . 2076e-001
12 1 . 8850e+000 1 . 3369e+000 - 5 . 1500e-001 2 . 4149e+000 - 4 .2760e-001
13 . 0420e+000 1 . 2200e+000 - 9 . 6373e-001 2 . 3069e+000 - 9.3696e-001
14 . 1991e+000 1 . 0382e+000 - 1.3356e+000 2 . 1246e+000 - 1 . 3687e+0Q0
15 . 3562e+000 8 . 0625e-001 - 1 . 5969e+000 1 . 8828e+000 - 1.6895e+000
16 . 5133e+000 5 . 4353e-001 - 1.7248e+000 1 . 6009e+000 - 1 . 8747e+000
17 . 6704e+000 2 . 7201e-001 - 1.7082e+000 1.3017e+000 - 1 . 9098e+000
18 . 8274e+000 1 . 4410e-002 - 1.5489e+000 1.0090e+000 - 1 .7921e+000
19 . 9845e+000 - 2 . 0779e-001 - 1 . 2607e+000 7 . 4627e-001 - 1 . 5312e+000
20 . 1416e+000 - 3 . 7614e-001 - 8 . 6809e-001 5 . 3442e-001 - 1 . 1482e+000
21 . 2987e+000 - 4 . 7674e-001 - 4 . 0407e-001 3 . 9037e-001 - 6 . 7391e-001
22 . 4558e+000 - 5 . 0135e^001 9 . 2720e-002 3 . 2551e-001 - 1.4669e-001
23 . 6128e+000 - 4 . 4804e-001 5 . 8124e-001 3 . 4484e-001 3 . 9092e-001
11-25
24 3 . 7699e+000 -3.2129e-001 1.0214e+000 4.4658e-001 8.9549e-001
25 3 . 9270e+000 -1.3159e-001 1.3773é+000 6.2229e-001 1.3263e+000
26 4 . 0841e+000 1.0545e-001 1.6202e+000 8.5755e-001 1.6487e+000
27 4 . 2412e+000 3.7042e-001 1.7305e+000 1.1332e+000 1.8367e+000
28 4 . 3982e+000 6.4167e-001 1.6997e+000 1.4267e+000 1.8755e+000
29 4 . 5553e+000 8.9711e-001 1.5307e+000 1.7143e+000 1.7622e+000
30 4 . 7124e+Q00 1.1160e+000 1.2378e+000 1.9728e+000 1.5063e+000
31 4 . 8695e+000 1.2807e+000 8.4493e-001 2.1811e+000 1.1290e+000
32 5 . 0265e+000 1.3779e+000 3.8448e-001 2.3227e+000 6.61Q3e-001
33' 5 . 1836e+000 1.3999e+000 -1.0601e-001 2.3860e+000 1.4069'e-001
34 5 . 3407e+000 1.3451e+000 -5.8663e-001 2.3663e+000 -3.8975e-001
35 5 . 4978e+000 1.2182e+000 -1.0184e+000 2.2653e+000 -8.8723e-001
36 5 . 6549e+000 1.0296e+000 -1.3664e+000 2.0915e+000 -1.3115e+000
37 5.8119e+000 7.9480e-001 -1.6025e+000 1.8590e+000 -1.6283e+000
38 5 . 9690e+000 5.3301e-001 -1.7080e+000 1.5869e+000 -1.8122e+000
39 6 . 1261e+000 2.6552e-001 -1.6747e+000 1.2974e+000 -1.8486e+000
40 6 . 2832e+000 1.4057e-002 -1.5055e+000 1.0141e+000 -1.7349e+000
% Programl4.m
% Main program f o r c a l l i n g the subroutine RK4
% Run "Prograinl4" in MATLAB command window. Progrml4.m, rk4.m, and fun.m

% should be in the same fo ld e r , and set the Matalb- path t o th is fo ld e r
% fo llo w in g 5 l i n e s contain problem-dependent data
format long
xx= [0 0 0 0 ];
neq=4;
nstep=40;
d t = p i/2 0 ;
t=0 ;
%end o f problem-dependent data
f p r i n t f (' I Time(I) . x (l) dx(l) x(2) dx(2) \n\n');
f o r i= lrn ste p
[ x x , f , t ] = r k 4 ( t , d t , n e q ,x x ) ;
time ( i ) = t ;
f o r j= l :n e q
x (i , j ) =xx(j ) ;
end
f p r i n t f ( '%2.Of %8.4e %8.4e %8.4e %8.4e %8. 4e\n' , i , t i m e ( i ) , x ( i , 1 :n éq ));
end
p l o t ( t i m e ', x ( l : 4 0 , l ) ) ;
g t e x t ( ' x ( l ) ') ;
hold on;
p l o t ( t i m e ', x ( l : 4 0 , 3 ) ) ;
gtext('x (2 )') ;
x l a b e l { ' Time' ) ;
y l a b é l ( ' X' ) ;
% Function rk4.m
%
%===============================
fionction [xx, f , t]=rk4 ( t ,d t ,n ,x x )
[xi] =fun(xx,n, t) ;
fo r i= l:n
u u (i)= x x (i)+ .5 *d t*x i(i);
end
11-26
tn=t+0. 5*dt;
[xj ] =fun (uu, n, tn) ;
for i= l:n
u u (i)= x x (i)+ .5 * d t* x j(i);
end
[xk] =fun (uu, n , tn) ;
for i= l:n
uu(i ) =xx(i ) +dt*xk(i ) ;
end
tn=t+dt;
[x l]= fu n (u u ,n ,t n );
for i= l:n
f ’( i ) =xl (i ) ;
x x (i ) =x x (i ) + (xi (i).+2*xj ( i ) +2*xk.(i) +xl (i) ) * d t /6 ;
end
t=t+dt;
% Function fun.m
fu n ctio n [ f ] =fun(x,n, t)
f ( 1 )=x(2 );
f (2 )=-2*x(2) + 2*x(4) - 6*x(1) + 2 * x (3 );
f (3) = x (4 ) ;
f (4) = x (2 ) - x(4) + x ( l ) - 4*x(3) + 5;
ü l . 3 o) E t , u a ' b í ° t i s of m o íío Y ): ¿ ’( 4 g x, - 2 =■ IQ Sin s t
2 x 2 - 2.x , + - O
Gr x ( =■ — 6 ^» i- 10 Sin 5 1
^2 “ 3^1 — 4^ 2 .
ProWew» ’fo be solved ís :
r ^ 2. _ _
A Y __ 1 - 6 y , -f 2 i* lo S in 5^1 _ £
¿b
i ^ - 4 y*
wi
Y - aun A Y (O - o
11-27
T r o j r a m W-m ís u s e J to Solve. th ese ^ u < t b io n S H
o
n - ¿f ^ o a-nid dt = — (40 sie p s u s e d )
o 2-G
o
R esults o f Exll_30
**********************************
» programl4
I Time(I) x (l) d x(l) x(2) dx{2)
1 ,5708e-001 . 1474e-002 7845e-001 0.0000e+000 1.2360e-00Í3

2 .1416e-001 . 2179e-001 8901e+000 1 . 12"43e—003 1.8174e-002
3 ,7124e-001 . 1079e-001 9264e+000 8.0316e-003 7.9050e-002
4 .2832e-001 . 0743e+000 7210e+000 2.9302e-002 2.0111e-001
5 .8540e-001 . 3821e+000 7131e-001 7 . 3678e-002 3.6666e-001
6 .4248e-001 . 3282e+000 . 7201e+000 1 . 4387e-001 5.1794e-001
7 .0996e+000 . 5623e-001 . 1349e+000 2.3154e-001 5.7695e-001
8 ,2566e+000 . 0705e-001 . 0999e+000 3.1685e-001 4.8144e-001
9 .4137e+000 6 . 4233e-001 4 . 1400e+000 3.7374e-001 2.1824e-001
10 .5708e+000 1 . 1164e+000 1 . 7473e+000 3.7893e-001 -1.6442e-001
11 .7279e+000 1 . 1780e+000 . 9242e-001 3.2064e-001 -5.7311e-001
12 .8850e+000 8 . 8870e-001 . 5560e+000 2.0294e-001 -9.0595e-001
13 .0420e+000 4 . 5992e-001 . 6458e+000 4.3964e-002 -1.0910e+000
14 .1991e+000 1 . 2531e-001 . 4788e+000 -1.3077e-001 -1.1074e+000
15 .3562e+000 9 . 7785e-003 . 2490e-002 -2.9627e-001 -9.7979e-001
16 .5133e+000 7 . 0457e-002 6 .2931e-001 -4.3343e-001 -7.5366e-001
17 .6704e+000 1 . 4170e-001 8 . 8991e-002 -5.2993e-001 -4.6650e-001
18 .8274e+000 5 . 4399e-002 . 2595e+000 -5.7769e-001 -1.3404e-001
19 ,9845e+000 . 4398e-001 4172e+000 -5.6974e-001 2.4201e-001
20 .1416e+000 . 4251e-001- 4157e+000 -4.9981e-001 6.5101e-001
21 .2987e+000 . 2294e-001 3611e-001 - 3 . 6547e-001 1.0521e+000
22 .4558e+000 . 8747e-001 . 4469e+000 -1.7347e-001 1.3711e+000
23 .6128e+000 . 8295e-001 . 5521e+000 5.6379e-002 1.5210e+000
24 .7699e+000 1 . 5268e-001 4 . 2469e+000 2.9198e-001 1.4382e+000
25 .9270e+000 7 . 5178e-001 3 . 0953e+000 4.9531e-001 1.1148e+000
26 .0841e+000 1 . 0537e+000 6 .2016e-001 6.3242e-001 6.0943e-001
27 .2412e+000 9 . 4005e-001 . 9747e+000 6.8277e-001 2.9645e-002
11-28
28 4 . 3982e+000 -4.9282e-001 3.4645e+000 6.4407e-001 -5.0708e-001
29 4 . 5553e+000 5.7387e-002 3.2671e+000 5.3052e-001 -9.1308e-001
30 4 . 7124e+000 4.6138e-001 1.7307e+000 3.6614e-001 -1.1528e+000
31 4 . 8695e+000 5.8458e-001 -1.1398e-001 1.7658e-001 -1.2380e+000
32 5 . 0265e+000 4.6760e-001 -1.1837e+000 -1.6504e-002 -1.2032e+000
33' 5 . 1836e+000 2.8161e-001 -9.8207e-001 -1.9670e-001 -1.0768e+000
34 5 . 3407e+000 2.0842e-001 1.2869e-001 -3.5051e-001 -8.6708e-001
35 5 . 4978e+000 3.1891e-001 1.1786e+000 -4.6447e-001 -5.6937e-001
36 5 . 6549e+000 5.2369e-001 1.2108e+000 -5.2494e-001 -1.8930e-001
37 5 . 8119e+000 6.2652e-001 -9.9538e-002 -5.2141e-001 2.3595e-001
38 5 . 9690e+000 4.4921e-001 -2.2015e+000 -4.5213e-001 6.3386e-001
39 6 . 1261e+000 -4.6585e-002 - 3 . 9510e+000 -3.2835e-001 9.1654e-001
40 6 . 2832e+000 -7.1472e-001 -4.2611e+000 -1.7399e-001 1.0159e+000
% ■
% Function fun.m
fu n ction [ f ] =fun(x,n, t)
f (l)= x (2 ) ;
f (2) = - 6 * x(l) + 2*x(3) + 1 0 * s in (5 * t );
f (3) = x(4) ;
f (4) = x (1) - 4 * x (3 );
©
E g i U < s ~ 't i'o n S o §- T r í o tio r » :
[m ] x + [c"] x + M x = F (t)
lí
u
M - [ ; ‘ j. M - [ ; • „ ] . r * : = p , ■ ’ ]
}
S o lubíon u Sm j P ro g ra - vn Í5*vr> :
n= J-2 » -|, c = [ l ° o] , * =[_\

| | ^ nsteja - 24, áeií - o>l5
Iy)SubrbroqrcL\rt:
* F _- 1
í 20 sin
, 5
_ t, ji
Results o f Exll_31
*******************************
» programl5
Solution by cen tra l d iffe r e n c e method
Given data:
n= 2 nstp= 24 d e lt= 2 . 500000e-001.
S olution:
step time x (i,l) x d (i,l) x d d (i,l) x ( i , 2) xd(
i , 2) xdd(i ,2)
1 0.0000 0 . 0000e+000 0.0000e+000 2.5000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000
0 .0000e+000
2 0.2500 7 . 8125e-002 0.0000e+000 2.5000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000
Ó. 0000e+000
11-29
3 0.5000 2 . 9785e-001 5.9570e-001 2.2656e+000 1.1950e+000 2.3920e+000
1 . 9136e+001
4 0.7500 6 .9273é-001 1.2292e+000 2.8024e+000 2.8783e+000 5.7566e+000
7 . 7812e+000
5 1.0000 1.2939e+000 1.9920e+000 3.3001e+000 3.2132e+000 4.034¿e+000
- 2 . 1559e+001
6 1.2500 2 . 0095e+000 2.6335e+000 1.8316e+000 1.7079e+000 -2.3409e+000
- 2 . 9444e+001
7 1.5000 2 . 6113e+000 2.6349e+000 -1.8206e+000 -1.4739e-002 -6.4559e+0
00 - 3 . 4760e+000
8 1.7500 2 . 8788e+000 1.7387e+000 -5.3487e+000 -2.3474e-001 -3.8852e+0
00 2 . 4042e+001
9 2.0000 2.7482e+000 2.7373e-001 -6.3712e+000 7.4471e-001 1.5189e+000
1 . 9191e+001
10 2.2500 2 . 3050e+000 -1.1476e+000 -4.9998e+000 1.2015e+000 2.8724e+00
0 - 8 . 3629e+000
11 2.5000 1 . 6610e+00Ó -2.1743e+000 -3.2136e+000 4.3624e-001 -6.1695e-0
01 - 1 . 9552e+001
12 2.7500 8 . 8908e-001 -2.8319e+000 -2.0468e+000 -3.1334e-001 -3.0296e+
000 2 . 5063e-001
0 2 . 1734e+001
20 4.7500 1 . 3287e+000 2.0191e+000 -9.4959e-001 -1.5950e-001 3.4773e+00
0 - 4 . 4812e+000
21 5.0000 1 . 7010e+000 1.6947e+000 -1.6456e+000 -4.5222e-001 8.7311e-00
1 - 1 . 6352e+001
22 5.2500 1 . 8823e+000 1.1071e+000 -3.0551e+000 -5.8471e-001 -8.5041e-0
01 2 . 5638e+000
23 5.5000 1 . 8304e+000 2.5880e-001 -3.7315e+000 7.8790e-001 2.4802e+000
2 . 4081e+001
24 5,7500 1 . 6408e+000 -4.8304e-001 - 2 .2032e+000 3 .0664e+000 7.3022e+00
0 1 . 4494e+001
25 6.0000 1 . 4914e+000 -6.7792e-001 6.4412e-001 4.2109e+000 6.8461e+000
- 1 . 8143e+001
11-30
Boita^bíor)s mob\om\
] íc -f- £ c ] x f £-í¿3 ^ = F (£)
u/ í tíi
So Iu .t io n uSm ^ ? r o jr c L f ín 15 * m :
n=2, w. = [ ¿ g ], c = , *= [_ i ' = {o
s ] > 51>
xdi= {1 } > "siep- So, ole(i =^ .

Ir » s u t p r o g r o - r n ^ ( í0 }
R esults of E xll_32
'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k’k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k'k j
» program l5
S olution by central d ifferen ce m ethod
G iven data:
n= 2 nstp= 50 d e lt = 2 . 500000e-001
S olution:
step tim e x ( i ,l ) x d (i,l) x d d (i,l) x (i,2 ) xd(

i , 2) x d d (i ,2 )
1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 . OOOOe+OOO 0.0000e+000 O.OOOOe+OOO 0.0000 e+ 0 00 0.0000e+000

5 . OOOOe+OOO
2 0.2500 3 . 4694e-018 6.9389e-018 5.5511e-017 1.5625e-001 O. OO O O e + O O O
5 . OOOOe+OOO
3 0.5000 7 . 9153e-002 1.5831e-001 1.2664 e+0 00 5.5 613 e-00 1 1.1123e+000
3 . 8980e+000
4 0.7500 2 . 8025e-001 5.6050e-001 1.9511e+000 1.0934e+000 1.8742e+000
2 . 1978e+000
5 1.0000 5 . 8633e-001 1.0144e+000 1.6798e+000 1.6506 e+ 0 00 2.1889e+000
3 . 1952e-001
6 1.2500 9 . 2647e-001 1.2924e+000 5.4495e-001 2.1205e+000 2.0542e+000
- 1 . 3969e+000
7 1.5000 1 . 2034e+000 1.2342e+000 -1.0110e+000 2.4211 e+ 0 00 1.5410 e+0 00
- 2 . 7089e+000
8 1.7500 1 . 3294e+000 8.0596e-001 -2 .414 8e+ 000 2.5053 e+ 0 00 7.6957 e-00 1
- 3 .4627e+000
45 11.0000 2 . 6959e-001 1.1967e+000 1.7533e+000 9.8 75 3 e-0 0 1 1.2500e+000

2 . 5015e+000
46 11.2500 6 .5 9 9 6 e-0 0 1 1.4887e+000 5.8 2 45 e-0 0 1 1.4537e+000 1.7136e+000
1.2070e+000
47 11.5000 1 . 0064e+000 1.4736e+000 -7 .028 0e-00 1 1.8992e+000 1.8233e+00
0 - 3 . 2947e-001
48 11.7500 1 . 2380e+000 1.1560e+000 -1 .837 9e+ 000 2.2327e+000 1.5582e+00
0 - 1 . 7914e+000
49 1 2 .0 0 0 0 1 .3 0 7 6 e + 0 0 0 6.0249e-001 -2.5905e+ 000 2.3864e+000 9.7439e-00
1 - 2 . 8789e+000
50 12.2500 1 . 2018e+000 -7.2283e-002 -2 .807 7e+ 000 2.3293e+000 1.9 320 e-0
01 - 3 . 3706e+000
51 12.5000 9 . 4307e-001 -7 .291 6e-00 1 -2.4473e+ 000 2.0743e+000 -6.2413e-
001 - 3 . 1680e+000
11-31
time
[11 33) ^ttu^ lor)$ Cm] íc’ + [cj x -f ['kj i? = F(t)

““ m =c ;]■«= [: : k *]=t - '?]•
r « ) = {■» *■» * t i
Sotuti'on uíín^ Projrc-vn í£.ra:
n = 2' m = [ 0 2 ] ’ c' - í í “ ] ’ * = [ - * s ] j*i= { ° h

Ttek,¿ ~ [ ° Q }- > Y\she. f z 5 0 , á e .U = -— ■
Xn su¡?|?r<3jrí2-m: ~j=(t) z: í /o Sm 5 i
R esults o f Exll_33
*******************************
}
» programl6
S olu tio n by Hobolt method
Given data:
n= 2 nstp= 50 delt=1.570796e-001
S o lu tion :
step time x (i,l) x d (i,l) xd d (i ,1) x (i,2 ) x d ( i , 2) xdd
( i , 2)
1 0.0000 0.0000e+00Ó 0 . OOOOe+OOO 0.0000e+000 0.0000 e+0 00 0.0000e+000
5 . OOOOe + OOO
2 0 . 1 5 7 1 0 . OOOOe+OOO 0 . OOOOe+OOO 0 . OOOOe + OOO 6.1685 e-00 2 2.2087e-017
5 . OOOOe + OOO
11-32
3 0.3142 3 . 0440e-003 9.6895e-003 1.2337e-001 2.4065e-001 7.6602e-001
4 . 7533e+000
4 0.4712 1 . 8912e-002 1.6259e-00 1 9.1608e-001 5.1478e-001 2.0011e+000
2.9598e+000
5 0.6283 5 . 8032e-002 3.4 519e-001 1.3650e+000 8.5661e-001 2.3334e+000
1 . 6316e+000
6 0.7854 1 .2 9 6 4 e-0 0 1 5.7 894e-001 1.6914e+000 1.2346e+000 2.4551e+000
1 . 9106e-001
7 0.9425 2 . 3963e-001 8.3 483 e-00 1 1.7936e+000 1.6157e+000 2.3650e+000
-1.2232e+ 000
45 6 .9 1 1 5 - 3 .7 2 8 9 e -0 0 1 1.7185e-001 3.0312e+000 3.9 6 9 0 e-0 0 1 -1.0620e+00

0 3 . 0395e+000
46 7.0686 - 3 . 1591e-001 5.6154e-001 2.4307e+000 2.6 7 6 2 e-0 0 1 -5 .579 4e-00
1 3 . 6136e+000
47 7 .2 2 5 7 - 2 .0 4 6 0 e -0 0 1 8.5380e-001 1.6722e+000 2.2 2 2 9 e-0 0 1 5.0005e-003
3 . 9062e+000
48 7 .3 8 2 7 -5 .5 4 4 6 e -0 0 2 1.0351e+000 8.6621e-001 2.6 6 7 7 e-0 0 1 5.8147e-001
3 . 8775e+000
49 7.5398 1 .1 4 0 5 e-0 0 1 1.1066e+000 1.1476e-001 3.9952e-001 1.1229e+000
3 . 5160e+000
50 7 .6 9 6 9 2 . 8 7 5 2 e-0 0 1 1.0823e+000 -5.0214e-001 6.1148e-001 1.5822e+000
2 . 8416e+000
51 7 .8 5 4 0 4 . 5 1 4 3 e -0 0 1 9.8440e-001 -9.3551e-001 8.8654e-001 1.9178e+000
1 . 9053e+000
time
11-33
oyíS of m o tio n * . G\Ve " h í* Solution of Problenr? n * 2o
So l u t i o n USmj Pro^r^m 16 . m :
n= 1‘ m ~ [ o °I ] > C = t o o 1 » * = [-2 l¡ ] ' x * ~ {o } >
x = U = ■[“ j , n s te j* = 50 j d e .il = 0 . 2 5
In s u b p r o jr o 'm : p = í 5 i
r y U o Sin 5 t J
Results o f Exll_34
************************
» programlS
Solution by Hobolt method
Given data:
n= 2 nstp= 50 d e lt = 2 . 500000e-001
S olution:
step time x (i,l) x d (i,l) x d d (i,l) x (i,2 ) x d (i ,2) xdd
( i , 2)
1 0.0000 0 . 0000e+000 0.0000e+000 2.5000&+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000
0 . 0000e+000
2 0.2500 7 . 8125e-002 0.0000e+000 2.5000e+000 0.0000e+000 0.0000e+000
0. 0000e+000
3 0.5000 2 . 9785e-001 5.9570e-001 2.2656e+000 1.1960e+000 2.3920e+000
1.9136e+001
4 0.7500 6 . 7731e-001 1.8615e+000 2.8459e+000 2.3779e+000 3.0857e+000
- 1 . 9588e+001
5 1.0000 1.1875e+000 2.2638e+000 1.6286e+000 2.6912e+000 -1.6232e+000
-2.7568e+001
11-34
45 11 .000 0 2 . 3544e+000 9.1 504 e-00 1 -2.2782e+000 2.2850e+000 -3.3050e+0
00 -2 .442 6e+ 001
46 11 .2 5 0 0 2 . 4907e+000 1.5 041 e-00 1 -3 .495 8e+ 000 Í.47 63e+ 00 0 -4.2224e+0
00 - 6 . 8088e+000
47 11 .5 0 0 0 2 . 4280e+000 -7 .070 1e-00 1 -3 .883 6e+ 000 9.0 044 e-00 1 -6 .867 4e-
001 1 . 7538e+001
48 11 .750 0 2 . 1705e+000 -1 .414 0e+ 000 -3 .050 2e+ 000 9.6 1 3 0 e-0 0 1 2.0554e+0
00 1 . 6650e+001
49 12.0000 1 . 7634e+000 -1.8673e+000 -1 .670 1e+ 000 1.1202 e+ 0 00 1.1342e-0
01 - 7 . 0501e+000
50 12.2500 1 . 2630e+000 -2.1135e+000 -5 .937 5e-00 1 6.9 518 e-00 1 -3.7771e+
000 - 2 . 0254e+001
51 12.5000 7 . 2135e-001 -2.1793e+000 1.7567e-001 -1 .6 0 2 8 e-0 0 1 -4.0782e+
000 - 4 . 4321e+000
T Íie pro b lem -d ep en d eré d d tb j bs be x l u A. ¿vi tke. mi2.in c& Ll

W 1 L S O K I (given in P r o U e m 1 1 . 4 9 ), sukroutíne £ V T F l/M
curJ ovJfvJ' cúvl giVen.
REAL 4 ( 2 , 2 ) , M I ( 2 , 2 ) , K ( 2 ,2 )
DIM ENSION CC2 , 2 ) , X I ( 2 ) , x D I ( 2 ),X D D I C 2 ),X C 2 5 , 2 ) ,X D (2 5 , 2 ) ,Á D ú (2 5 ,2 ) ,
3 r K Í 2 . 2 1 .X N lÍ2 ).X M 2 C 2 ).X N 3 C 2 ),X N 4 C 2 )

DATA N ,N S T E P ,N S T E P 1 ,T H ,D E L T A /2 , 2 4 , 2 5 , 1 . 4 , 0 . 2 4 2 1 6 2 6 7 /
.. Q a T A ■■ Ar i - / 0 » 0 r 0 - » - ¿ / ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ÜAL'A X D I /0 .0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA M / 1 . 0 , 0 . U , 0 . 0 , 2 . ) /
• -t>-k £ A- - Z * 0-, ■ 2 • 0 r m y-r2-»-0-/- - - - - — — - - — — — ------------- - - -
DAL'A K / 6 . 0 , - 2 . 0 , - 2 . 0 , 8 . 0 /
C E MJ ÜF p h o b l e m - d epen d en t DATA
¿lL dK ü lL í'íívL -E X IF U .'i C t , 1 l . ' ú E ,1J )
DIM ENSIO N L-(N)
F ( 1 ) = 0 .0
--F4-24 =4-0«-Q--- - - ------
RETÜKN
E N0
■OL U TI ú N— B-í'— iVIL Oíü M
IVEN DATA:
=.--- 2------ N-S-í^€P-=- -Q-E-L-T-A-=— 0 .-24214-26-7-£400
üLUTlüN:
TEP time XD( I , 1) XDD( 1 , 1 ) X C1,2 ) XD C1,2) XDD C1,2)
Q-.-Q
0.2422 0.1551E-01 Q.1922E+00 0.1587E+Ü1 Q.1330E+00 0.1042E+01 0.3610E+01
0.4643 Ü.1136E+00 0.6390tt00 0.2103E+01 0.4767E+00 0.1735E+01 0.2112E+01
..o, 7-¿^^^.50^^0-ú-,40-8--7E+0-^-0-ri-5-9-3-E-'M) í - -Q-,-944-OE-+-0-0— Q-.-2Ü6 3E +Q 1 0.5-98-6E4Q Q
0.9687 0•62 3 3Et 00 0.1328E+Ü1 Ü.4052E+00 0.1447E+01 0.2036E+01 -.8224E+00
1.2108 0.9431E+00 Ü.125bE+01 -.9998Et00 0.1905E+01 0.1691E+01 -.2029E+01
1.4530 -4-ríZ Q -b E+Q-l--Q »8é-9-7-S-*00— -.-2-195E + Q Q.2246E+01 0.10»5E»01 -. 2892E+Q 1
1.6951 0.1346E+01 0.255oE+00 -,2877Et01 0.2423E+01 0.3457E+00 -.3297E+01
1.9373 0.1323E+01 -,4452EtuO -.2910E+01 0.2411E+01 -.4384E+00 -.3179E+01
11-35
11 2.4216 O .317 1E +00 -.1511E+01 -.1252E+01 0.1879E+Q1 -.1620E+01 -.1489E+01
12 2.6638 0.427 4E +0Q -.1656E+01 0.5148E-01 0. 1456E+01 -.1822E+01 -.1836E+Q0
« --- 2.9060 0,4ü3bE-0t-- . 14-89£»Q 1— 0 .1 33QE+-01 Q.1Q23E + 01 --.Í7Q5E +Q-1 0 ,1149£+-01-
14 3. 143 1 -.2 713E +00 -.1044E+01 0.2341E+01 0.6543E+00 -.1291E+01 0.2276E+01
15 3.3903 ■•45Q0E+00 -.4093E+00 0.2903E+01 0.4155E+00 -.6520E+00 0.2998E+01
17 3.8746 -.3U4E+00 0.9418E+00 0.2410E+01 0.4606E+00 0.8226E+00 0.280SE+01

18 4.1168 -.¿189E-01 Q.1411E+01 0.1468E+01 0.7335E+00 0.1396E+01 0.1931E+01
-1-9 4.3599 U-.351 2E*Q-Q■-0^-16-Z2 Z -*O l-■■0.2 7.14E+0O 00 4 1 6 E + CU- 0.171 7.E.+.Q1 .0...Xl.5-9E-fcQH-
20 4.6011 0 .7 399E +00 0.1539E+01 -.9597E+00 Ü.1540E+01 0.1729E+01 -.6189E+0Ü
21 4.84^3 0.1074E+01 0.1180E+01 -.2005E+01 0.1929E+01 0.1432E+01 -.1834E+01
22 5.0854 ..LL.1294E +CU . *..2frtiQE+ Ul Q-^2X-3j>OI-Q...8814E +0Q ^ 2 X 1 1E--EÜX.
23 5.3276 0.1362E+01 -.5939E-01 -.2868E+01 Q.2343E+01 Q.1781E+00 -.3097E+01
24 5.5697 0.1267E+01 -.7143E+00 -.2541E+01 Q.2297E+01 -.5512E+00 -.2926E+01
T Íie £>rsblern--d e f e r í de n t JicubcL to be usej ih fcbe m a in £>rog'ro-ir» ¿ho/'b

calis WILSON/ (given in F r o tlenri 1 1 . 4 9 ), subvoutine £ * T F UN ,
■bKe r e s u L t s are given.
C FDLUÜr-víNÜ 10 LINES CONTAIH PKOBLEM-DEPEnDEn T DA1A
REAL M (¿ ,2),MIC 2,2),K (2 ,23
DIMENSION C(2,2J,XÍÍ2),XDL(¿J,XDOI(23,X (25,2),XDC25,21,XÜD(25 ,2),
2 XT(2j,F'í2),Fl(2j,F2(2),FT(2J,k(23,LA(2),Lb(2,2),á(2),ZA(2),
3 IK C2,2 j,XN1(2) ,aN2 C2),XN 3(2 3,XH4 12)
DATA N,NSTEP,NSTEP1,THfDELTA/2,24,25,1.4,0.24216267/
DATA Xi/0.0,0.0/
DAI A XD1/0.0,0.0/
DATA M/l.0,0.0,0.0,2.0/
DATA C/0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0/
DATA K/6 .0,-2.0,-2.0,8.0/
C END DF PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
SUBROUTINE EXTFUN (F,TIME,N )
DIMENSION FCNJ
F U ) = 10.0#S1N(5.0*TIME)
F (23=0.0
KETURN
END
SOLUTION t i í N1LS0N METHOD
GIVEN DATAI
N= 2 NSCEP= 24 TH= 0. 14000000E +01 DELTA= 0 .24216267E +00
SOLUTION:
STEP TIME x a , i) XD(1,1) XDD(1,1) x a , 2) XD(1,2) XDD(1,2)
1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0.OOOOE +OO 0.0000E+00 0.OOOOE+OO 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E +00

2 0.2422 0.8209E-01 0. 1017E +01 0.8399E+01 0.1461E-02 0.1810E-01 0.1495E+00
3 0.4843 0.5226E+00 0.2406E+Ú1 0. 3071E +01 0.1381E-01 0.9867E-01 0.5160E+00
4 0.7265 0.1062E+01 0. 1503E +01 -• 105 3E+02 0.5495E-01 0.2498E+00 0.7 325E+00
5 0.9687 0.1074E+01 -.1584E+01 -.1496E+ 02 0.1330E+00 0.3781E+00 0.3265E+00
6 1.2108 0.3655E+00 -.3797E+01 -.3306E+01 0.2246E+00 0.3401E+00 -, 6398E+00
7 1.4530 -•50b3E+00 -.2807E+01 0.1148E+02 0.2799E+00 0.8172E-01 -. 1494E+-01
8 1.6951 -•838QE+00 0.1135E+00 0,1263E+02 0.2548E+00 -.2930E+00 -.1600E+01
9 1.9373 -.5584E+00 0.1706E+01 0.5215E+ 00 0.1431E+00 -.6043E+00 -.9714E+00
10 2.1795 -.2170E+00 0.7537E+00 8390E+01 -.2359E-01 -. 7389E +00 -. 1402E+-00
11 2.421b -•2285E+00 -.6334E+00 -.3066E+01 -.2004E+ 00 -.6951E+00 0.5020E+00
12 2.6638 -.3632E+00 -.3125E-01 0,8040E+01 -.3488E+00 -.5089E+00 0. 1036E+01
11-36
13 2.9060 -•130 4E+ 00 0. 197 3E +01
0.8514E +01 -.4357 E +00 -.1847E+00 0.1641E+Q1
14 3.1481 0.4742E+00 0.2513E +01
-.4Q54E+01 -.4280E+00 0.2662E+00 Q.2083E+01
15 3.3903 0.8633E+00 0.2840E+00
-. 1436E +02 -.3050E +00 0•7 389E +00 0.1822E+01
16 3.6324 0.5643E+00 -.2534E+01
- •3916E+01 - • 8 396E-01 0.1040E+01 0,6659E+0Q
17 3.8746 -.1616E+00 -•2845E+01
0 .6349E +01 0.1726E+00 0.1017E+01 ■.8543E+0Q
18 4.llbtí -.5959E+ 00 -•4607E+00
0. 1334E+02 0.3836E+00 0.6825E+Q0 ".1911E+01
19 4.3589 -.4018E+00 0.1711E+01
0. 46U0E+01 0.4907E +00 0•1932E+00 ■.2130E+01
20 4.6011 0.2833E-01 0,1349E+01
-.7598E+01 0.4783E+00 -.2815E+00 -.1791E+01
21 4.8433 0.1332E+00 -. 4775E+00
- •7484E +01 0•3623E+00 -.6571E+00 -.1311E+01
22 5.0854 -.9143E-01 -.9221E+00
0.38 12L +01 0.1706E+00 •.9025E+00 -. 7150E +00
23 5.327b -.1416E+00 0.761bE+OQ
Q.1009E +Ü2 -.598 3E-01 -.9628E+00 0.2168E+00
24 5.5697 0.2564E+00 0.2184E+O1
0 .1656 E +01 -.2753E+00 -.7698E+00 0.1377E+O1
25 5.8119 0.7047E+00 0.9850E+00
- .1156E+02 -.41 36E+00 •.3408E+00
- •.i-xvoe.tui/ 0.2166E+01
The problem-depende n t dcttou to be useJ ín th e ma3n. projrcim i h a , i
‘ven fn P r o M e m 11 . ¿-9*)., s u t v o u t í n e £ x T F UN ,ancf
11.37J c c c H s W 1 L S OKI (g(
V — / ou tp a t cure îven-
C FüLLüWING 10 LINES CONTAIN PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
REAL M(2,2),MIC2,2),K12,2)
DIMENSION C(2,2),XI(2),XDI(21,XDDI(2),X(25,2), XD (25,2),XDD(25,2),
2 Xfl2),FC2),FlC2J,F2C2),FTC2),R(2),LA(2),LB(2,2),S(2),ZAC2),
3 TK(2,2),XNlC2),XN2C2)fXN3(¿),XN4(2)
DATA N,NSTEP,NSTEP1,TH,UELTA/2, 24,25, 1 .4 ,0 .25/
UH'iA Xi/0.0,0.0/
DATA XÜ1/0.0,U.0/
DATA M/2.0,0.0,0.0,1.0/
DATA C/0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0/
DATA K/b.0,-2.0,-2.0,4.0/
C END OF PROBLt. 4-DEPENDE NT DATA
SUBROUriNE. EXTFUN (F,TIME,N)
DIMENSION FCN)
F U ) =5.0
F(2 )=2 0 .0 +SIN(5•0 *TIME)
R11'URN
END
SOLUTION t i í rtlLSUN METHOD
GIVEN DATA:
N= 2 NSTEP= 24 TH= 0.14000000E+01 DELTA= 0.25000000E+00
SOLUTION:
STEP TIME XCi,i)
XD( 1 , 1 ) XDD( I , 1 ) XC1 , 2) XDCI, 2) XDDCI.2)
1 . 0 0 0 0 0. üOOOE +OO O.OOOOE+OO
2 .2500 0,7846E-01 0.o290E+00 0.2500E+01 0•OUOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO
3 .5000 0.2532E+01 0.1849E+00 Ü.2219E+01 0. 1775E+02
0.3173E+00 0. 1292E +01 0. 2772E-Í 01
4 .7500 0. 7246E +00 0.1185E+01 0.5347E+01 0, 7278E +01
0. 195ÓE +01 0.2539E+01 0.2.473E+01
5 .00 U0 0 .12 77E+01 0.2398E+01 0 •3847E +01 -. 1928E +02
6 .2500 0.9958E+00 0.2 760E+01 - .1840E +01 -.2622E+02
U. l880Efül 0.2322E+01 -.1598E+01
7 .5000 0.2387E+01 0 .1722E+01 -. 5495E +01 -. 3023E+01
0.1b38E+Ül -. J881E.+ 01 0.5026E+00
8 .7500 0 ,2566E +0 1 0.5579E +00 -. 3266E+01 0.2085E+02
9 -.4757E+01 0.2826E+00 0.1285E+0l 0.1556E +02
.0 0 0 0 0.2661E+01 -.5871E+00
10 -.4402E+01 0.8331E+00 0.2090E +01 -. 9119E +01
.2500 0.2384E+01 -• 1595E +Ü1
11 3661E+01 0.9796E+00 -.1282E+01 - •1786E+02
.5000 0.188ÜE+01 -.2397E+01 -. 2 755E +01
12 .7500 0 .1 2 1 2 E +01 0.3022E+00 -.3333E+01 0.1457E+01
-.2882E+01 -. 1122E+Ü1 -.2795E+00
13 .0 000 0.48 i2E +00 -.2841E+01 -. 4970E +00 0.2123E+02
14 0. 1444E+01 0.1675E+00 0. 3704E +01 0. 1238E+02
.2500 -. 1555E+0Q -.2164E+01 0.3975E+01
15 •50 Ou -.5604E+00 0.1194E+01 0.3364E+01 1510E +02
- .1028E +01 0.5115E +01 0. 1459E +01
16 .7500 - . b b i 6E + 0 0 0 .1787E +O0 -. 1662E +01 -.2510E+O2
0.453bE+01 0.475 /E+00 -.5336E+01 -. 4289E +01
11-37
1/ 4.0000 -.4914E*0u ü.1i42E +0 i 0.3ib9fc.+01 -.7410E+00 -.3392E+01 0.1984E+O2
18 4.2500 -. 119 4e.+00 0.1784E+01 0. 1965E +U1 -.1005E+01 0.1134E +01 0. 1637E +02
19 4.5000 ü.37e>5E+00 0.213dE+ul Q.3/35E+Ü0 -.4563E+00 0.2272E+01 -.7272E+01
20 4.7500 0.*2¿5É+00 0.216bEt01 -.o5b3t+00 -.2094E+00 -.672QE+00 -.1628E+02
21 5.ÜÜ00 0,1425EtO1 0.1778E+01 -.2441E +01 -,b840E+00 -. 2317PJ +01 0.3120Et01
22 5.2500 0.1783L*01 0.104bE+01 -.3417E+01 -.9452E+00 0.1110E+01 O 2429E+02
23 5.5000 0.1943E+01 0.2598E+00 -.¿874E+01 0.1O76E-01 O 62 6Et0 O 1655E+02
24 5.7500 0 ,i9 34E+ O 1 -.27b2E +00 -.1414L+01 0.1780E+01 o i b í í s E m -!l248E402
25 b.OOOO 0.18 32E +O1 -.4927E+00 -.3190E+U0 0.2923E+01 0.1835E+01 -.2663E +02
xke broMem-cfebendent á a ta i to be u sed ín th e m a ín prograjm t k a t
© C O /Us K Jlo rv o A R K ^ g i v e n
Oun<A o w t p u t are îVen:
ín P ro U e m 11. 5 o ) , s u U r o u b ín e
C F3LLÜWING 10 LINES CONTAIN PROBLEM-DEPENDEN-T- ©ATA--------------------

REAL M(2,2),M1(2,2),K(2,2)
g x jF U N ,
DIMENSION CC2,2),XI(2),XDI(2),XDD1C2) ,X (25,2),XD(25,2),XDD(25,2),

2 XTC2J ,F(2),R(2),LA(2) ,LB(2, 2) rS C2)-,ZA< 20-r----------------------
3 TK(2,2),XN1(2),XN2(2J,XN3(2),XN4(2)
DATA N fNSTEP,NSTEP1,ALPHAfBETA,DELTA/2,24,25,0.16666667,0.5,
2 0.24216267/ ----------------------------------
DATA Xl/0.0,0.0/
DATA XDI/0.0,0.0/
DATA K/l.0,0.0,0.0,2.0/
DATA C/2.0,-2.0,-2.0,2.0/
DATA K/6 .0,-2.0,-2.0,8.0/
C END OF PROBLEM-DEPENDENT -DATA; --
SUBROUTINE EXTFUN (F.,TIME,N)
DIMENSION F(N)
F(1)=0.0
FC2)=10.0
RETURN
END
11-38
SOLUTION BX NE.nMAKK METHOD
GIVEN DATA:
N= 2 N51EP= 24 ALPHA= 0.1b666667E+U0 BETA= 0 .50000000E+00
DELTA= 0.24216267E+00
SOLUTION:
STEP TIME a (I,1) XD(1,1) XDD ClrlO X (1, 2) XD(1,2) XDD(I,2)

1
2 0-0ÜUUE +00 O.OOOOE+OO Ü.OOOOE +GO 0.5000E+01
U.2422 0.1776E-01 0.2200E+00 0.1817E+01 Ü.1335E+00 0.1048E+01 O 3656E+01
3 0.4843 O•1287E +UO 0.7143E +00 0.2266E+01 0.4799E+00 0. 1753E +01 0*2170E+Q1
4
5 n"3^ ' £+°° ÍJ-1178e +ül 0.1568E+01 0.9532E+00 0.2093^01 0.5342e Io Í
0.9687 O.b7 9 3E+0Q 0.1393E+01 Q.2ÜÜ7E+G0 0.1454E+Q1 0.2067E+Q1 - 8511E+QQ
6 1.2108 O .10Ü8E+01 0.1259E+01 -.1303E*01 0.1927E+01 o Iu o Ie Io I -’
J Ü Í e Io I
7 1.4530 0. 12b3E+01 0.7991E+00 -.2497E+01 0.2268E+01 0.1071E +01 - 3080E+01
8 1.6951 0. 1377E+01 0.1221E+00 -.3094E+01 0.2433E+0 O 274 E +00 - 3505E+01
9 0*1317 E+01 6142 E+00 -.2987E+01 0.2398E+01 - J ^ O E +OO -¡3334^01
10 2.179a O.1088E+01 -.1246E+01 -.2231E+01 Ü.2173E+01 -.1270E+01 - 2581E+01
11 2.4216 0.7330E+00 -.1639E+01 -.1013E+01 0.1802E+01 -.1748E+01 -*1365E+01
12
a*on3n oüa*+^0 "«1712fc:+ül 0. 4055E +00 0. 1353E+O1 -.1901E +01 0Í9807E-01
13 "• 1453E +Ü1 0. 1736E +010.9094E+00 -.1703E+Ü1 0.1543E+01
14 a’aona "* 3607E +Ü0 -. 9133E +00 0.2721E +01 0.5536E+00 -. 1189E +01 0.2700E+01
15 3.3903 -. 4977E+00 -.1994E+00 0.3176E+01 0.3513E +00 -.4559E +00 O 3354E+01
1b 3.6324 -.4544E+00 0.5510E +00 0.3022E+01 0.3395E +00 0 .3 5 9 3 E +00 o!i3 7 9 E+01
17
18 ?-1195E+°l 0.2295E+01 0.5196E+00 0.1104E +01 ¿.2773^01
O, lblOE +Ol 0.1138E+01 0.8573E+00 0. 1639E +01 0. 1647E +01
19 a ?? 0.5158E+00 0.1720E+01 -.2284E+00 0.1289E+01 0.1865E+01 0.2165E+00
20 a ’q a IÍ 0.9129E+00 0.1506E+01 -.1545E+01 0.1732E+O1 0.1740E+01 -.1251E+01
21 4.8433 0.1222E+01 0.1008E+01 -.2564E+Ü1 0.2105E+Ü1 0.1288E+01 - 2478E+01
22
23 5*397 O °-lÍ l\ V 0
n° - - 3096E +°1 0.2337E+O1 O .s ll A lo o - i K l o l
5.327o 0,1374E+01 -.4202E+0U -.3043E +01 0.2385E+O1 -.2046E +00 - 3382E +01
24 5.5697 0.1189E+01 -.1081E+01 -.2419E+01 0.2241E+0 - 9643E+00 - 2 8 9 3 ^ 0 1
25 5.8119 ü . 86 7QEtOO -.1537E+01 -.1342E+01 0.1933E+01 -iístolt” -a IIIIÍo I
/" jávo h le m - <A? p£n J e n b cícÎrGo bo ¿e used /r> í h e ma.»n prcjgr^vn
1 1 .3 9 ) bh<xb c * . L i s MU M A R K ( 3 ¡ v e r \ ,'n Pro Uerr> II* 5o), -He su k r o u f \'ne
E x t f u n , <xy)A iU e o u t p u b are g»Ven -Aere:
C FJLLÜwI''jG 10 LINES CUNTAIN PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
REAL M(2,2),KIC2,2),K(2,2)
DIMENSION C(2,2J,XIC2),XDI(2),XDD1(2),X(25,2),XDC25,2),XDD(25,21f
2 XTC2),F(2),R(2J,LA(2),LB(2,2),S(2),ZAC2),
3 TK(2,2),XN1C2),XN2C2),XN3C2),XN4(2)
DAIA N , NSIEP,NSTEP1,ALPHA,tíETA#DELTA/2,24,25,O.16666667,O.5,
2 0.24216267/
DATA Xl/0.0,0.0/
DAIA XDI/O.0,0.0/
DATA M/1.0,0.0,0.0,2.0/
DATA C/0.O,0.0,0.0,0.0/
DATA K/6 .0,-2.O,-2.0,8.0/
SUBROUTINE EXTFUN (F,TIME,N)
DIMENSION F(NJ
F(1)=10.0*S1N(5.0*TIME)
F(2 J=0 .0
RETURN
END
11-39
SOLUTION BY NEmMAKK METHQD
GIVEN d a t a :
N= 2 NSTEP= 24 ALPHA= 0 , 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 E + 00 6ETA= 0 .50000000E+00
S O L U T IO N :
DELTA= 0.24216267E+00
S TEP TIME X (I# 1 ) X D (I,1 ) XDD( 1 , 1 J

X ( I ,2 ) X D (1 ,2 ) XDD( I , 2 )
1 0 .OOOO O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO O . O O O O E + O O

2 0 .2 4 2 2 O .O O O O E+O O O. OOOOE+OO
0.8b42E-01 0.1071E+01 0.3842E+01 0 . 8 1 2 9 E - 0 3
3 0 .4 8 4 3 0 . 1007E -01 0.8317E-01
0.5509E+00 O.2542E+U1 0.3308E+01 0 . 9 8 7 5 E - 0 2
0 .7 2 6 5 0 . 8206E -01 0.5114E+00
4 0.112QE +01 0,1570E +01 1134E+02 0 . 4 8 7 8 E - 01
5 0 .9 6 8 7 0.1119E+01
0 . 2 5 6 0 L +00 0.925IE+OO
1784E +01 -.163ÓE+02 O . 1 3 4 5 E + 0 0 0 . 43 8 3 E + 00 0. 5807E+00
b 1 .2 1 0 8 0.3303E+00 4220E+01 3762E+01 0 . 2 4 5 7 E + 0 0 O. 4296E+00 -. 652 3E+00
7 1 .4 5 3 0 -•6401E+Q0 -.3127E+01 0.1279E+02 0 . 3 1 8 2 E + 0 0
8 0 . 1 190E +00 -.1913E+ 01
1 .6 9 6 1 10Ü3E +01 O.2Q52E+00 0.1473E+Ü2 0 . 2 8 8 6 E + 0 0 - . 3739E+00 - . 2158E+01
9 1 .9 3 7 3 -.b501E+ 00 O,2182E+Ü1 O.lóOlE+Ol 0 . 1 4 3 9 E + 0 0
10 2 .1 7 9 5 -.7 8 3 5 E + 0 0 - . 1226E+01
■. 17 86 E+Ü0 0.1284E+01 -. 9018E +01 - . 6 8 8 7 E - 0 1
11 2 .4 2 1 6 -.9 2 0 2 E + 0 0 0. 9693E-01
-.87 17E-01 -. 3477 E+ 00 4458E +01 - . 2 7 9 7 E + 0 O
12 2 .6 6 3 8 -.7 8 3 6 E + 0 0 0 . 1031E+01
-. 1394E+0Q -.2747E-01 0.71O3E+O1 “ . 4 3 4 2 E + 0 0
2 .9 0 6 0 -.4 7 1 3 E + 0 0 0. 1547L +01
13 0.2207E-01 0.1815E+01 0.8110E+01 - . 4 9 8 4 E + 0 0
14
-.3 9 9 0 E -0 1 0.2016E+01
3. 1481 0 .5 744E+00 O.2232E+01 -,4bb4E+01 - . 4 4 5 6 E + 0 0 O. 4895E+00 0.2357E+01
15 3. 3903 ü.8748E+00 1784E +00 1524E+02 - . 2 6 2 2 E + 0 0
16 0 . 1 0 0 8 E + 01 0.1924E+01
3. 6324 O •4459E+00 -.3111E+01 -.8975E+01 0 . 2 2 9 2 E - 0 1 0 . 1 2 8 4 E + 01 0. 3542E+00
17 3 . 87 4b -.403§E+00 -•3220E+01 0.8070L+01 0 . 3 2 4 1 E + 0 0
18 4. 1168
0 . 1 121E+01 -. 1700E+01
-. 8682E +Ü0 -.2884E+00 0.1614E +02 O . 5 3 2 9 E + 0 0 0 . 55 16E + 00 - • 3000E+01
19 4. 3589 -. 5593E+0Q 0,2449 F.+01 0.64b7L+01 0 . 5 7 9 7 E + 0 0 - . 1601E +00 -.287 8E+01
20 4. 6011 0.8159E-01 O •2258E +01 8046E+01 0 . 4 6 7 2 E + 0 0
21 - . 72 50E + 00 - . 1787E+01
4. 8433 D.3764E+00 O .1102E +00 -•9b92E+ 01 0 . 2 5 0 6 F . + 0 0
22 1 0 1 7 E + 01 -.6259E+00
5. 0854 0.2234E+ 00 -.8793E+00 0.1519E +01 - . 5 5 3 4 E - 0 2 -.1 0 6 3 E + 0 1 0. 2506E+00
23 5. 3276 0.1303E+00 O.3584E+Ü0 0. 8703E +01 - • 2 4 7 0 E + 0 0
24 5. 5697
- •89 69E + 00 0.1118E+01
0.3961E+00 0.1522E+01 0.9086E +00 - . 4 2 2 0 E + 0 0 - . 5 0 9 IE+OO 0. 2084E+Ü1
25 5. 8119 O.6650E+00 O,1770E+00 -. 1202E +Ü2 - . 4 7 9 3 E + 0 0 0 .5 5 8 7 E -0 1 0. 2582E+01
The problem -de.f> endent Jata> t o b e used Tn t h e ma-in pro^ram
'v e n ín Protlem
II. 5o (¿uhích ccoUs NUmABK), subroatíne EXTFUN and 'Cesuiís are ^íven.
uU wíN G 10 LINES CONTA1N PRÜÜLE.M-DEPENDENT DATA
REAL M (2 ,2 ),M I C 2 ,2 ),K (2 ,2 )
DIMENSION C (2 ¿2),XI(2 ),XD1(2 ), XDDI(2),X(25 ,2 ), XD (25 ,2), XDD(25,2),
2 X T ( 2 ) ,F ( 2 1 ,R ( 2 ) ,L A C 2 ) ,L B ( 2 ,2 ) ,S ( 2 ) ,Z A ( 2 ) ,
3 T K (2 ,2 ),X N 1 1 2 ),X N 2 C 2 ),A N 3 1 2 1 ,X N 4 (2 )
DATA N , N SIE P , N STEP1, ALPHA, BETA, DELTA/
2 2 ,2 4 ,2 5 ,0 .1 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 ,0 .5 ,0 .2 5 /
DATA X l / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA X D i/O .0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA .4 / 2 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 1 . 0 /
DATA C / 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 , 0 . 0 /
DATA K /6 .0 , - 2 . 0 , - 2 . 0 , 4 . 0 /
END OF PRÜBLEM -DEPENDEN! DATA
SUBRÜUT1NE EXTFUN ( F , TIM E, N)
DIMENSION F(N)
F (1)=5 .0
FC2)=20.Ü*S1N(5.0*TIME)
RETURN
END
11-40
SOLUTION Qí NEWMARK METHOD
GIVEN DATAS
N= 2 NSTEP= 24 ALPHA= 0.16666667E+00 BETA= 0.50000000E+00
SOLUTION: DELTA= 0.24216267E+00
STEP TIME X(I,1) w

Q
x;
n
XDD( 1 , 1) X(I , 2) XD( I , 2) XDD(1,2)
1 0 .0 0 0 0 O.OOOOE+OO. O.OOOOE+OO 0.2500E+01 O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO
2 0.2500 0 . 7769E-01 0•6198E+0Ü 0.2458E+01 0,1914E+00 O.2296E+01 0.1837E+02
3 0.5000 0 . J129E+00 0 . 1276E+01 0.2789E+01 0.1228E+01 0.5553E+01 O. 7683E+01
4 0.7500 0, 7202E+00 0 . 1988E+01 0.2905E+01 0.2565E+01 0.3982E+01 • . 2025E+02
5 1 .0000 0 .1293E+01 0 . 2534E+01 Ü.1469E+01 0.2847E+01
6 1.2500
•.2048E+01 ••2798E+02
0. 19 40E+01 0.2517 E+01 -.1606E+01 0.1715E+01 -.6001E+01 ". 3641E+Q1
7 1.5000 0, 2'488E+01 0. 1 742E+01 -•4594E+01 0.370 3E+00
8
-.3674E+01 0. 2226E+02
1 .7500 0 . 2769E+01 0 . 4543E+00 “ .5706E+01 0.9920E-01
9
0.1312E+01 0. 17 63E+02
2 .0 0 0 0 0.2712E+01 “ •8750E+00 ••4927E+Ü1 0.708 3E+00
10
O.2480E+01 - . 8290E+01
2.2500 0.235 3E+01 “ . 1940E+01 ••3596E+01 0.9630E+00 •.8686E+00 • . 1 850E+02
11 2.5000 0 ,1768E+01 " • 2694E+01 ■•2 435E+01 0.3681E+00
12 2.7500
•. 3089E +01 0. 7367E+00
0.1035E+Q1 - . 3095E+01 -.7734E+00 “.1674E+00 -. 3396E+00 0.2126E+02
13 3.0000 0 . 2664E+00 - . 2940E+01 0.2019E+01 0.318 3E+00 0.3851E+01 O. 1 227E+02
14 3.2500 “ . 37 45E+00 -.2064E+01 0.4988E+01 0.1364E+01
15 3.5000
0.3319E+01 - . 1652E+02
• . 7216E+00 “ .6614E+00 0.6231E+01 0.1566E+01
16
-.2150E+01 -.2722E+02
3.7500 “ . 7048E+00 0 . 7455E+00 0.5024E+01 0.4094E+00 -.6182E+01 - . 5035E+01
17 4.0000 “ •3862E+00 0. 170 4E+01 0.2642E+01 10lbE+01
18 4.2500
-.4117E+01 0.2155E+02
0.1Q30E+00 0.2133E+01 0.7952E+00 ••1396E+01
19
O .9885E+00 O. 1 929E+02
4.5000 0.6503E+00 0 . 2201E+01 -.2522E+00 “.8012E+00
20 0.2745E+01 ■. 5238E+01
4.7500 0.1181E+01 0.1991E+01 "•1429E+01 -.3879E+00
21 O .1236E+00 - . 157 3E+02
5.0000 0.1617E+01 0 . 1437E+01 -.3003E+01 -.6516E+0Q
22 5.2500
-. 1444E +01 0.3194E+01
0. 187 4E+01 0.58 49E+00 ••3813E+01 “•b909E +00 O.2016E+01 0. 2449E+02
23 5.5000 0 . 1912E+01 -.2353E+00 -.2748E+01 0.4886E+00 O•7060E+01 O. 1586E+02
24 5.7500 0 . 1792E+01 “ .6351E+00 “•4500E+ 00 O.2425E +01 0,7132E+01 - •1527E+02
25 6.0000 0.1636E+01 - • 5461E+00 0.1163E+01 0.3569E+01 O.1377E+01 •, 3077E +02
Eûî'or»: 5 U + ¿f ¿ + 3 x = g Smt
or x = _ o - 3 ¿ _ a -£ «. + 1 . 2 S mi;
JDi'fí erer)t«‘<x.l e ^ u a ^ b í o r ) S to be solved:
LÍ - /
d b ~ ^ + 1*2
I
|
bb
i:¡
11-41
% Exll_41.m
% This program w i l l use the fu n ction dfuncll_41.ni, they should
tspan = [0: 0.1: 20];
x0 = [0 .0; 0 .0 ];
[ t , x ] = ode23 ( ' d f u n c l l _ 4 1 ', tspan, xO) ;
d isp (' t x(t) x d ( t ) ') ;
d i s p ( [t x ] ) ;
p lo t ( t ,x ( :,1 ))?
x la b el( ' t ') ;
g t e x t ( 'x ( t ) ') ;
% dfuncll_41.m
function f = d fu n c ll_ 4 1 (t ,x )
f = z e r o s (2 , 1 ) ;
f (1) = x ( 2 ) ;
f (2) = - 0.8 * x (2) - 0.6 * x (1) + 1 .2 * s in (t ) ;
x(t)
Results o f Exll_41
**************************
» Exll_41
t x {t ) xd (t)
0 0 0
0.1000 0.0002 0.0058
0.2000 0.0015 0.0226
0.3000 0.0051 0.0493
0.4000 0.0117 0.08.47
0.5000 0.0222 0.1274
0.6000 0.0374 0.1762
0.7000 0.0576 0.2298
0.8000 0.0835 0.2867
0.9000 0.1151 0.3456
1.0000 0.1526 0.4051
U-42
19.1000 -1.3092 -0.2840
19.2000 -1.3310 -0.1518
19.3000 -1.3395 -0.0181
19.4000 -1.3346 0.1158
19.5000 -1.3163 0.2486
19.6000 -1.2849 0.3789
19'.7000 -1.2406 0.5054
19.8000 -1.1839 0.6268
19.9000 -1.1154 0.7420
20.0000 -1.0358 0.8498
E -ifU u -iío n S : l* i +15 * 1 - 5 * ^ = F, (¿O
¿i - 5x, + 15 i t j = o
or *i = - 5 X, + 2'5 + o. ? F, C-t'i
*¡> - 1. 25 Z, - 3 . 7 ? * 2,
E sna-tl'ínS ,'n vector foim ',
j Y - 5 *, + 2-5 y 3 + o . 5 F,0O
E fft í
¿■fc
l>25 ,î| -5.T 5 ? 3 F. ( * )
WlH
*1 "I
—> —>
S
** . > Y ( 0 = 0
- 1
f
V V ^ 2 . 0
% Exll_42.m
% This program w i l l use the function dfuncll_42 .m, they should
tspan = [0: 0 .1 : .20];
xO = [0 .0 ; 0 .0 ; 0 .0 ; 0 .0 ];
[ t , x ] = ode23( ' d f u n c l l _ 4 2 ', tspan, xO);
d isp (' t x l(t) x d l(t ) x 2 (t) x d 2 (t )');
disp ( [t x] ) ;
p lo t(t,x (:,1 ));
x la b el( ' t ') ;
y l a b e l ( ' S o lid l i n e : x _ l ( t ) Dotted l i n e : x _ 2 ( t ) ' ) ;
hold on;
p lo t ( t ,x (:,3 ), ' : ' ) ;
11-43
% d f - u n c l l _ 4 2 .m
•function f = dftmcll_42 (t ,x )
F = 5*( s t e p f u n ( t , 0) - s t e p f u n ( t ,2.0) ) ;
f = z e r o s (4 ,1 ) ;
f (1) = x { 2 ) ;
f (2) = 2 .5 * x ( 3 ) - 5 * x (1) + 0 . 5*F;
f (3) = x (4 );
f (4) = 1.25 * x (1) - 3.75 * x (3 );
Results o f Exll_42
************************
» Exll_42
t x l (t) xd l(t) x2(t) xd2
0 0 0 0 0
0.1000 0.0124 0.2479 0.0000 0.0005
0.2000 0.0492 0.4835 0.0002 ' 0.0041
0.3000 0.1084 0.6952 0.0010 0.0135
0.4000 0.1871 0.8725 0.0032 0.0311
0.5000 0.2814 1.0072 0.0076 0.0583
0.6000 0.3869 1.0932 0.0152 0.0958
0.7000 0.4984 1.1272 0.0271 0.1434
0.8000 0.6106 1.1086 0.0442 0.1995
0.9000 0.7184 1.0397 0.0672 0.2620
1.0000 0.8170 0.9256 0.0967 0.3277
19.3000 -0.1051 -0.9836 -0.5591 -0.7481

19.4000 -0.2073 -1.0540 -0.6238 -0.5451
19.5000 -0.3146 -1.0855 -0.6678 -0.3349
19.6000 -0.4229 -1.0711 -0.6907 -0.1256
19.7000 -0.5273 -1.0066 -0.6931 0.0750
19.8000 -0.6225 -0.8902 -0.6762 0.2603
19.9000 -0.7036 -0.7229 -0.6417 0.4248
20.0000 -0.7655 -0.5090 -0.5920 0.5644
11-44
C MAIN PRÜGRAM WHICH CALLS wILSON
C
C FOLLOWING 10 LINES CQNTAIN PRÜBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA

REAL M(2,2),MI(2,2),K(2,2)
DIMENSION CC2,2),XIC2) ,XDI(2),XDDI(2),A(25,2),XDC25,2),XDDC25,2),
2 XIC2) ,FC2),FH2),F2(2),FT(2) ,R(2),LAC2) ,Lb(2,2) ,S(2) ,ZA(2),
3 TK(2,2),XN1C2),XN2(2),XN3 C2),XN4(2)
DATA N,NSTEP,NSTEP1 ,TH,DELTA/2,24,25,1.4,0.24216267/
DATA XI/0.0,0.0/
DATA XDI/0.0,0.0/
DATA M/l.0,0.0,0.0,2.0/
DATA C/0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0/
DATA K/6 .0,-2.0,-2.0,8.0/
CALL WILSON (M,C ,K ,MI,XI,XDI,XDDI,X,XD,XDD,XT,F,F 1,F2,FT,R ,LA,
2 LB,S,ZA,TK,XN1,XN2,XN3,XN4,NSTEP1,DELTA,TH,N)
PRINT 10
10 FORMAT (//,26H SOLUTION BY WILSON METHOD,/)
PRINT 20, N,NSTEP,TH,DELTA
20 FORMAT C12H GIVEN ÜATA:,/,3H N=,Ib,4X,7H NSTEP=,15,4X,4H TH=,
2 E15.a,4X,7H DELTA=,E15.tí,/)
PRINT 30
30 FORMA C C1OH SOLUTIUn :,//,5H STEP,3X,5H T1ME,3X,7H X CX,13,3X,
2 8 H XDCI,1),2X,9H XDDCI,1),4X,7H X(I,2),3X,8H XDCI,2),2X,
3 9H XDD(1,2),/)
DO 40 1=1,NSTEP1
TIME=REAL(1-1)+DELTA
40 PRINT 50,’ 1,TIME,XCI,1),XD(1,1),XDD(1,1),X (1,2),XD(1,2),XDDC1,2)
50 FORMAT (1X ,14,F8.4,6(1X ,El 0.4 ))
STOP
END
o o n n o
SUBROUTINE WILSON
SUBROUTINE WILSÜN (M,C ,K ,MI,XI,XDI,XDDI,X ,XD,XDD,XT,F ,F1,F2,FT,

2 R,LA,LB,S,ZA,TK,XN1,XN2,XN3,XN4,NSTEP1,DELTA,TH,N )
REAL M(N,N),M1(N,N),K(N,N)
DIMENSION C(N,N),XI(N),XDICN),XDDI(N ),XCNSTEP1,N ),XD(NSTEP1,N),
2 XDD(NSTEP1,N),XT(N),F(N),F1CN),F2(N),FTCN),R (N ),LA(N),LB(N,2),
3 S(N ),ZA(N),TK(N,N),XN1(N),XN2(N),XN3(N),XN4(N)
DO 5 1=1,N
DU 5 J=1,N
5 MICl,J)=M(I,JJ
CALL SIMUL (MI,ZA,N ,0,LA,Lb,S)
CALL EXTFUN (F,0.0,N)
DD 20 1=1,N
R (I)=F(1 )
11-45
DÜ 10 J=1,N
10 R(I)=R(Í)-CCI,J)*XD1(J)-KCI, J m i C J )
20 CONTINUE
CALL XMULT CMI,R , XDDI,N )
DO 25 J=1 ,N
X(l,J)=Xi(J)
XD(1,J)=<DI(J)
25 XDD(1,J)=XDDI(J)
Al=b.0/(CTH*DEL?A)**2)
A2=3 •0/(TH+DELTA)
A3=2.0*A2
A4=TH*DELTA/2.0
A5=A1/TH
A6 ="A3/TH
A7=1 •0-(3.0/TH)
A8=DELTA/2.0
A9=(DELTA**2)/6.0
DO 30 1=1,N
DO 30 J=1,N
30 TK(I,J)=K(I,J)tAl*MCI,J)+A2*C(I,J)
CALL SIHUL (TK,ZA,N,0,LA,LB,S)
DO 100 11=2,NSTEP1
DO 40 1=1,N
XN1 (I)=A1*X( 11-1,1)+A3*XD(II-l,m2. 0*XDDCII-1,1)
40 XN2(I)=A2*X(iI-l,I)+2.0*XD(II-1,I)+A4 +XDDCII-1,1)
CALL XMULT (M,XN1,XN3,N)
CALL XMULT (C,XN2,XN4,N)
TIME1=REAL(II-2)*DELTA
riME2=REAL(II-l)*DELTA
CALL EXTFUN (F1,TIME1,N)
CALL EXTFUN (F2,TIME2,N)
DÜ 45 J=1,N
45 FTCJ)=F1(J)+TH*(F2(J)-F1(J))+XN3CJ)+XN4(J)
CALL XMULT (TK,FT,XT,N)
DO 50 J=1,N
XDD(II,J)=A'5*(XTCJ)-X(II-1, J) )+A6 *XD(II-l, J)+A7*XDD(II-1 ,J)
XD C11,J )=XD(II“1,J)+A8*(XDD(II,J)+XDD(II"1,JJ)
50 X(II,J)=XCII-1,J)+DELTA*XDCII-1,J)+A9*(XDDCII,J)+2.0*XDD(I1-1,J))
100 CONTINUE
RETURN
END
C =====================================================================
C
C SUBRQUTINE EXTFUN
C
C =====================================================================
SUBRQUTINE EXTFUN (F,TIME,N )
DIMENSION FCN)
F(1)=0,0
F(2)=10.0
RETURN
END
C =====================================================================
c
C SUBROUTINE XMULT
C
C =====================================================================
SUBROUTINE XMULT CA,B,BB,N)
DIMENSION A(N,N),B(N),BB(N)
11-46
00 10 1 = 1 ,N
BB(I)=0.0
DO 10 J=1,N
10 BB(I)=BB(I)+A(I,J)*B(J)
RETURN
END
SOLUTION Q í WlLSUN METHOD
GIVEN DATA:
N= 2 NSTEP= 24 TH= 0.14000000E +01 DELTA= O.24216267E+00
SOLUTION:
STEP TIME XCI,1 ) XD(1,1) XDDCI,1) X C1,23 XD(I,2) XDD(1,2)
1 0.0000 O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOOE+OO O.OOOÜE+OO 0.5000E+01

2 0.2422 0.33 44E-02 0.414 3E-01 0.3422E+00 0 •1392E+00 0.1119E+01 0.4244E+01
3 0.4843 0.2893E-01 0.1926E+00 0.9065E+00 0.5201E+00 0•1967E+01 0.2756E+01
4 0.7265 0.1072E+00 0 ,47 42E +00 0.1419E+01 0.1058E+01 0.2395E+01 0 .7809E+00
5 0. 9bS7 0.26 49E+00 0.8337E+00 0.1550E+01 0.1641E+01 0•2336E+Q1 -.1267E+01
6 1.2103 0.50 76 E+ 00 0.1152E+01 0.1076E+01 0.2153E+01 0.1825E +01 -.2958E+01
7 1.4530 Q.8074E+00 0.1281E+01 -.4223E-02 0.2498E+01 0.9863E +00 - .3964E+01
8 1.6951 0.1104E+01 0.llObEtOl -.1442E+01 0.2619E+01 0.6096E-02 -.4131E+01
9 1.9373 0.1316E+01 0•5916E+00 -.2807E+01 0.2506E+01 -.9176E+00 -.3497E+01
10 2.1795 0.13696+01 1866E+00 -.3621E+01 0.2193E+01 -.1615E+01 -.2266E+01
11 2.4216 0.1218E+01 1052E+01 -.3526E+01 0.17 5QE +01 -. 1979E +01 -.7 362E+00
12 2.6638 0.6710E+00 -. 177 2E +Ü 1 -.2420E+01 0•1264E+01 - •1974E +Q1 0.7743E+00
13 2.9060 Ü•3897E+00 -.2127E+01 -.5128E+00 0.8208E+00 -.1638E+01 0 .2002E+01
14 3.1431 -.11 86E+00 -•1981E+Q1 0,1717E+01 0.4905E+00 -.1059E+01 0 .2781E+01
15 3.3903 -•5290E+00 1330E+01 0•3 658E +01 0.3183E+00 -.3521E+00 0.3056E+01
16 3.6324 -.73336+00 -•3125E+G0 0. 47 47E+01 0.3207E+00 0.3643E+00 0 •286QE+01
17 3.8746 -.67086+00 0•82446+00 0,4643E+01 0.4872E+00 0.9876E+00 0,2287E+01
18 4.1168 -.3477E+U0 0.1791E+01 0,33 40E+Q1 0•7 852E+00 0 .1440E +01 0.1451E+01
19 4.3589 0,1627E+00 0.2337E+01 0.1170E+01 0.1167E+01 0.1672E +01 0.4655E+00
20 4.6011 0.7389E+00 0.2323E+01 -.12886+01 0.1575E+01 0.1660E+01 -.5639E+00
21 4.8433 0.12436+01 0.1757E+01 -.33 80E+01 0•1951E+01 0.1406E+01 -•1535E+01
22 5.0854 0.15586+01 0.7952E+00 -.4566E+01 0.22396+01 0.9371E+00 -.2339E+01
23 5.327b 0.1617E +01 -.31126+00 -.4571E+01 0.2392E+01 0.3 075E +00 -,2860E+01
24 5.5697 0.1418E+01 -.1283E+01 -.3457E+01 0.2332E+01 -.4004E+00 -.2987E+01
25 5.6119 0,1024E+01 -.1894E+01 -.1588E+01 0 .2 2 0 1 E+ 0 1 -.1082E+01 -,2639E+01
, © ____________
C
C MAIN PROGRAM WHICH CALLS NUMARK
C
C FOLLOWING 10 LINES CONTAIN PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA
REAL M(2,2),MI(2,2),K(2,2)
DIMENSION C (2, 2 ),XI(2),XDI(2),XDDI(2), X (25,2),XD(25,2),XDD(25,2),
2 XT (2),F(2),R (2),LA(2),LB(2,2),S (2),ZA(2),
3 TK(2,2),XN1C2),XN2(2),XN3(2),XN4(2)
DATA N,NSTEP,NSTEP1,ALPHA,BETA,DELTA/2,24,25,0.16666667,0.5,
2 0.24216267/
DATA XI/0.0,0.0/
DATA XD1/0•0,0.0/
DATA M/l.O,0.0,0.0,2.0/
DATA C/0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0/
DATA K/6 .0,-2.0,-2.0,8.0/
11-47
CALL NUMARK CM,C ,K,Mi,XI,XD1,XDD1,X ,XD,XDD,XT,F ,R,LA,LB,S ,ZA,
2 TK,XN1,X«2,XN3,XN4,NSTEP1,DELTA,ALPHA,BETA,N)
PRINT 10
10 FORMAT (//,27H SOLUTION BY NErtMARK METHOD,/)
PRINT 20, N,NSTEP,ALPHA,BETA,DELTA
20 FORMAT (12H GIVEN DATA:,/,3H N=,I5,4X,7H NSTEP=,15,4X,7H ALPHA=,
2 E15 .tí,2X,6 H BETA=,E15.8,2X,7H DELTA=,El 5.8 ,/)
PRINT 30
30 FORMAT (1 OH SOLUTION:,//,5H STEP,3X,5H TIME,3X,7H X(I,1),3X,
2 8 H XD(I,1),2X,9H XDDCI,1),4X,7H X(I,2),3X,8H XD(I,2),2X,
3 9H a DD(1,2),/)
DO 40 1=1,NSTEP1
IIM£=REAL(1-1)♦DELTA
40 PRINT 50, 1,T1ME,X(1,1),XD(1,1),XDD(I,1),X(1,2),XD(I,2),'XDD(I,2)
50 FORMAT C1X,14,F8.4,6(IX,Elü.4))
STOP
END
nnnnn
SUBROUTINE NUMARK
SUBROUTINE NUMARK (M,C ,K ,MI,XI,XDI,XDDI,X ,XD,XDD,XT,F ,R,LA,LB,S ,

2 ZA,TK,XN1,XN2,XN3,XN4,NSTEP1,DELTA,ALPHA,BETA,N)
REAL M(NjN),MI(N,N),K(N,N)
DIMENSION C (N,N ),XI(N),XDI(N ),XDDI(N),X (NSTEP1,N),XD(NSTEP1,N),
2 XDD(NSTEP1,N),XT(N),F(N),R(N),LA(N),LB(N,2),
3 S(N),ZA(N),TK(N,N),XN1(N),XN2(N),XM3(N),XN4(N)
DO 5 1=1,N
DO 5 J=1,N
5 MIC I, J)=M(I,J)
CALL SIMUL (M1,ZA,N,0,LA,LB,S)
CALL EXTFUN (F,0.0,N)
DO 20 1=1,N
R(I)=F(I)
DO 10 J=1,N
10 R(I)=R(I)"C(1,J)*XDI(J)-K(1,J)*XI(J)
20 CONTINUE
C-ALL XMULT (MI,R ,XDDI,N)
DÜ 25 J=1,N
X(1,J)=XI(J)
XDC1,J)=XDI(J)
25 XDD(1,J )=XDD1(J )
Al=l,Q/(ALPHA*(DELTA**2))
42=1,0/(ALPHA*DELTA)
A3=(1,0/(2.0*ALPHA))-1.Q
A4=(1,0-BETA)♦DELTA
A5=BETA»DEL1A
A6 =BETA/(ALPHA♦DELTA)
A7=(BETA/ALPHA)“1.0
A8=(A7-1.0)♦DELTA/2.0
DU 30 1=1,N
DÜ 30 J=1,N
30 TK(I,J)=A1*M(I,JHA6 *C(I,J)+K(I,J)
CALL SIMUL (TK,ZA,NfO,LA,LB,S)
DO 100 11=2,NSTEP1
11-48
TlMEsREALCII-n «DELTA
CALL EXTFUN (F,TIME,N)
Dü 40 J= 1, N
XNllJ)=A1*XC1I-1,JJ+A2*XÜ(1I-1,J)+A3*XDD(II-1,J)
40 XN2(J)=Ao*X(lI-l,J)+A7«XD(II-1,J)+A8«XDD(II-1,J)
CALL XMULT IM,XN1fXN3,N)
CALL XHULT (C,XN2,XN4,N )
Dü 45 J= 1,N
45 XN1CJ)=F(J)+XN3tJ)+XN4CJ)
CALL XMULT (TK,XN1,XT,N)
Dü 50 J=1,N
XCII,J)=XTCJ)
XDD(11,J )= A1*(XCII,J3-XCII-1, J))-A2*XD(II-1,J)-A3«XDD(II-1, J)
50 ADCI1,J)=XD(ÍI-1,J)+A4*XDD(1I-1,J)+A5*XDD(1I,J)
100 CONTINUE
RETUKN
END
C SUBROUTINE EXTFUN
n
u
c ================================
SUBROUTINE EXTFUN (F,T1ME,N)
DIMENSION FCN)
F i n =0 . 0
F(2 )=1 0 . 0
RETUKN
END
C ================================
C
C SUBROUTINE XMULT
W
c ================================
SUBROUTINE XMULT (A,B,BÜ,N)
DIMENSION ACN,N),B(N),BB(N)
Dü 10 1=1,N
BBC1)=0.0
DO 10 J=1,N
10 BB(I)=Bb(I)+A(I,J)«3(J)
RETURN
END
SOLUTION BX NEwMARK HETHOD
GIVEN DATA:
N= 2 NSTEPs 24 ALPHA= 0. 1 6666667E+00 BETA= 0.50000000E+00
DELTA= 0.24216267E+00
SOLUTIONS
STEP TIME X ( I , 1) x d ( i , u X D D ( 1 , 1J X I I , 2) XD( 1 ,2 } XDD C 1 , 2 )
1 0 .0 0 0 0 O.OUÜOE+QO 0 . QOOOE+OQ O.O O U O E+O O U.OOOOE+OO 0 • OOOÜE+OO 0 . 5000E +01

2 0 .2 4 2 2 0 . 2606E -02 0 . 3 2 2 8 E -0 1 0 . 2666E+00 0 .1 4 1 1E+00 0 .1 1 43E+Q1 0 ,4 4 3 8E+01
3 0 .4 8 4 3 0 .2 4 6 1 E -0 1 0 . 1757E iO O 0.9 181 E + 0 0 0 .5 3 2 9 E + 0 0 0 . 2030E +01 0 .2 893 E + 0 1
4 0 .7 2 6 5 0.1 005 E + 0 0 0 .4 7 75E+00 0.1 574 E + 0 1 0 . 1088E+01 0 . 247 lE tO 1 0 .7 467E+00
5 0 .9 6 8 7 0.2 d44E+00 0 . 8845E+00 0 . 1 788E+01 0 . 1687E+01 0 . 2382E +0 1 - . 14 8 3E + 01
11-49
6 1.2108 0.5257E+Q0 0,1252E+01 0.1251E+01 0.2203E+01 U.1805E+01 -. 3285E +01
7 1 .4530 O. 8530E+00 0.1398E+01 -.5063E-01 0.2534E+01 0.8 884E +00 • .4281E+01
8 1 .6951 0.1173E+01 O.1175E+01 -.1792E+01 0.2623E+01 1529E+00 •.4318E+01
9 1.9373 0.1389E+01 O.5460E+00 -.3400E+01 0.2467E+01 1097E+01 -.3481E+01
10 2.1795 0.141SE+01 -.3806E+00 -.4253E+01 0,2114L+ O 1 -.1766E+01 -.2042E+01
11 2.4216 Ü.1200E+01 1369E+01 •.3914E+01 O.1643E+01 -.2058E+01 -. 3706E +00
12 2.6638 0.7690E+00 • . 2 1 2 4£+01 •.2317E+Ü1 0.1148E+01 -.1960E+01 0.1175E +01
13 2.9060 0.2111E+00 -.2384E+ 01 0. 17 24E +00 0.7195E+00 -.1536E+01 0.2333E+01
14 3.1481 -. 3348E+Ü0 2017E +01 O.2854E+01 O.4223E+00 -. 8 929E +00
15 0.2976E+01
3.3903 -.7196E+00 1078E +01 0.4907E+ 01 0.2946E+00 1570E +00 0,3102E+01
16 3.6324 -.8292E+00 0.2025E+00 O.5664E+01 0.3445E+00 0.5568E +00 0.2793E +01
17 3.874b "•6221E+00 0.1475E+01 0.4843E+01 0.555QE+ 00 0.1156E +01 0.2158E+Q1
18 4.1168 - . 1445E+ 00 0.2382E+01 0.2647E+01 0.8899E+ 00 Ü.1574E+01 0.1296E+01
19 4.3589 0.4811E+00 0. 2667E+01 •. 28 84E+00 O.1299E+01 0. 1766E +01 0 .2842E+00
20 4.6011 0.1091E+01 0.2257E+01 •.3Q98E+01 Ü.1724E+01 0. 1702E +01
21
-.8069E+00
4.8433 0. 15 29E+01 ü. 1281E +01 -.4966E+01 0.2103E+01 0.1377E+01
22 5.0854 1882E +01
0 . 16 89E+01 0.267 3E-01 •.5390E+Q1 0.2372E+Ol 0.8102E+00
23 -.2799E+01
5.3276 0.15 48E*01 -.1150E+01 -.4326E+01 0.2480E+ 01 0.6281E-01 -.3 37 4E +0 1
24 5.5697 0.1163E+01 -. 1938E+01 -.2188E+01 0.2 396E+ 01 -. 7600E +00
25 5.8119 •,3421E+01
O. 6543E+00 2166E+01 0.3Q99E+00 0.2118E+01 1515E+01 -.2817E+01
11-50
C h a p t e r 1 4
R a n d o m V i b r a t i o n
f(* ) = ( * ( *“ 3o) i lO £ % - 30
í- O ; e ¿?eu /b cre
fsiormctslíjO'bion ;
30
/ k O <*«■ = * / C - T5 ) “ f ? ) - 1
-CO 2O Zo
=> 1<= o-é

30
2 S 30
P C * 2 2 o - /> < ■ * > - * / o -
ZS
28 28
= *( í t ) = ° , 6 ( t 3 S) ~ ° '° 4
— At
f (t) = í A e
-At
CO P C * ) » = A /* e At = i - e
— co
co oo
«O = _ —At \ r At
- ^ -fc f O Ü ^ J' “fc e ¿ * r = - A [re” At
A r-A t-O j
— co C-a X
1
A
ft?
C?0
= J (* - i)
= A f V + f J ^ V - z f " e Át
C/ O a
-í1 -A t 2 fc -A t 2 -At -i
-TT e J
[ Xa-
— At . -At
(e ), T T Í ^ )
“ =r ' T
14-1
e O I = X = j m X ■ f’ (x -) j x - j 0.5 x dx = 1 -0
> * y — oo o
E [ x 2] = f V K * ) Jx = í 0-4 x Í “** = 1-33 3 3

- 03 ° 2 í
CC =
- / " ( X - x ) 2- f o o «U = J f x - 1 ) 1 ( „ . ? ') J * = 0 -5 - j , c * 1 - í * + ' ) J x
—**■CO
co ^ ^
- 0-3333
cT~ ~ O • 5 7 7 3
x(t) = x 0 r‘" T T
T/t
-
<x(t)> = -i- f V \ 0 a i í xt= f (~x°^ L j l
T J T /i 3 x T -« , T V X "Vi
jLlvn
T->co ( - ¥ ) ] = »
m I
T r T/V J¿
oo
-% 0
T~+oo
T T'^C’O
J-t/ 2
h'm I — x°
ITT
2
z
T-><» ( T rT
*1
14-2
@ ; 0 5 x 5 2 ' ° £ * £ 3
i O \ e í r c u /A e r e
Ñ o r m c u li¿ < x ,b io n :
/ V ' / > - * =/ V ‘ (í-'

% = 0 2 =0 *= * ? =° X - cLL alenslby f u n c t i o n s
t e ía° = / K * ^ ) ^ = f- / > ^ = -f-

y --°
tY( y ) = f f c * , * ) <l« = _ £ f * = f y ,
X. — 0 ^ “
z x=°
* * = /><* >■* 4* = ± j \ , dx = x p - V - *
O
Y = S t ( y ) - > ^ = t / V « f c = = 2
o
^ 2 = E [ (* --£ )2 J = f } * - / $ )* K x> J x = J ( x ' r f ir Jx

O o
=: ± í ? íl ± H 1L - JL 2L \ 2 - 2.
Z l 4 + * 2- 3 3 Ja ~ 7
= (7 - 4 7 / 4
<7* = B 1 ( Z - K ) Z1 = ) ( * - $ ? & ■ ) • > ? = ü > - ^ i 2 <V

o 7
*>•).’ - i
’X f = 0.7071 ¿ 3
(c) °7jY * ^ [ ( * - £ ) ( ? - / ; ) ] = f f (* - t )(> - ¿ ) *2 . ^

x= O y. = o
2
x-o
*-4-) 4-^
7 /'y3
V T V 5
V/
i /O =o
- °
14-3
5- = * + ? - , E [ f J = EtC x+ J-)1 ] = e [ z 1 + /+ - 2. * ? ]
- E [x l ]+ £ [> *] + 2 E[«> 3
SinCJZ * cure indepenênt, E C * ? J = E r * - 1 'E [^ 3
e (Y ] = EL^X] + g [ f ] + z e DJ- eCV3 _______

h -) * ( f ) = x 0 ¿,'n G S t , x ( t + r ) = X0 « „ , C 3 ( - t + r )
*(t) xffc+r) = x* ( ¿ i S c a i : uá csí" + ^ cst íai ut. -iC-.iJÍ')
* 0 0 = T->«> J* T//2[ ( 1 - y 2-— cjT:] át
2 -V2 2
_ L r r, ¿ f I c i a r + M f c o r l : i
14-4
For *(*)= X ¿¿r, cs-t ¡ = *! 03 r p ro * Fr.llem 1 4 .7 ]
For ¿g^ctre u/ave; *(*) x(-t + * )
^(•k)
ítft
o w ITT 37T
L- ~
>*~X 1_
-X
skadec/ a.rea, =.
/x (t). x (i+ r )
1 ^ \ K - C O = -h ------- J
14.9 J i+ 3 t 2
E f x ^ = R (o) - 2.0 -t- 5 = 25
S(f) = o*ooo 1 vnz/cycle f>er s-econd for (O í f < 1000 H¿_
"^2- - Co*0 0 0 l) (fOOO“ ÍO) = 0*099 «n2- ¿S(£)

RMS valué = = 0-3(46 m o-oooit-
^ = yj x z - (%) - \ J o - o S 3 — o.oo2 5
= O- 3 l o é w O lo (ooo
14-5
a a t Z T T fis o c y 6 0 = | g g , 4 9 6 rad / sec
(14.11) _ (« . )m
^ = (^ ( 2 ^ 5 A i o é , 0 *2 2 ? xíc? ) N^/m.
(vicrma-tly oí«'S*t rt tute O
" " = \
v /m
¥ = v loo 10
/S//VTTT
P ^ n i = P 0 „ 2 > O?2 ]
= P [k > (ooC'S8-43S)2 ] - P [ 'k > 3 5 5 3074- 202J (é ,)
Dej^fnfn^ ^•■¿■o-ncíccrcí n o rm î va-rCa-íre aJS ^ ^ ^
Eg. ( E<) Co,r\ te rewn’H e n a¿
_ r ^ r *7 3 - 5?3 I X - 2 *2 ? Xío^ -1
P [ v n > c¿>J = P I ± zJL > ------------------------------------------------
" 0*225 x ( o6 J
= P Í 3- > 5 .7 9 IÍJ = a . 3 3 l6 K l0 - 8
fr o tn sE¿unola.rcl normcuL A fsfc rCLwti'on "toJole-s
J^ S e e j fo r e x cu m p le , ?e ^ . I^.S ^
14-6
(z *o t/V) ; o £ t £ i
'> -f ^ * - r
I r t ¿ n 65-t
n “ 'F J x W £ d t = -L 2 X 0-t
r 7 *
2 -^ 0 ^ — -c rí 69i
+ - *** e c£ ¿
ÍC ]
¿ n C»3 t
--CríC^-t ,~ r —< rt Cát 2.X0 Jbb
___f r t e + L_ ? j t e «At - ±_-
r z Jo
V * */ z
2 Xo/* 1 -in 09^ _<Tn 69 ¿ 1

•J (t’nas'fc) -f e
r
n ~ _ / /__ \ r — ¿ r\ 691 , v — t n 6^t "| r
4 ^ f e ) L£ f‘" ^ ) + e
J * /z
zx„ / 1 _ - ¿ n o9 -t \ ^
r \ - i « ^ e )
V z
TT
_ 4 n TT 2 Xo Í r - <-n7T - An
2 X o> r - * n 7T -J
7T
- l^tn ir e -{- e - 1J — n TT L
— 1 ]
n t t
- 2X0 i £^2 coi 4- Z X * S .n
C o S n TT -+- 2 n “TT
n 7T T7 T T
r^ T T 4
_n n - 1
«.2 2X«5 A✓ *■
) 4- — — ( V
/ n TT
y _________ '
4^. — — — V
n - »4cJ
•n = e v e n
cw inOJ-fc
* (* ) = S e
■n=.-<*>
G9t
00 2 X 0
- ^ T
yi “tt
r>=— ca
co n/z inwt
¿ z : c- o tt e
+ TT n =. — ¿5o
(n = e/en)
00 !LZÍ inc^t
2 — e
+
2*o 27 C -0 n
n = —c»
(_r)=• odd ^
14-7
A ” — co < t < co
(R13) * ( * ) = O > e i.s e w h e r e
°° C ú t r - ¿ c * t
x ((0) x(t) e
=
■ J d t = J
— cu
e d t
=
-C t 9
r - : ^
v
y
y-cu
14-8
A ¿ / - Z 09 CU i L30J \
es ( e - e )
_ A ¿ ( e o s C Jcu - Z A i n 0^0/ — CoJ <99cu - x. -í.ín 09clA)

09 V
_ 2 A^ s;n Q9cu C e .)
CJcu
Efy - ( E,') skowJ '¿Aa-'t X ( < ^ ) = 2. A coi 09 —> O .
l f K » ± _ X (U 3l — X(W>
- c u -k
14.14) z (-t ) =
Ae 9 t 5 o
o y e Ice w k e r e
Co
X (») J f
X (t)
/ <\
e
— Z 09 ~t .
J£ = AJr e
— (co ■+ ¿ o s ') t
cür
— £»
___ aa rr -(co+ ¿o?)t &o
A cu A 09
— X» —■z- . ,q2
( a . +• i 09s) L 6 ] * * + * < * ¿ + C 9 *
cu 4-09
-a, itl
io s ) =
x(*) = A e
IPO ,
} cxrb - lo s t 2^"O
—< —¿
W XC«0 - A Se
—co
e
r e e ¿t
_ ( ¿ 0 9 — aS) -t
] (au-hZcS) Le J
— (¿09-- <2-[)
A _ A ( ol+ Z (S ) ^ (c u - lo ? ') _ Z A CU
+
O ^ -lO 9 cu-i- <09 CU -k 0 9 ' ¿ + C9X cJ- + CO
09
14-9
* ( * ) = S ( t -O v )
14.16
/i 03 / r.a b — i 03- CU
X(có) = J S(t:-c¿) e dt = e = cas CJCU-i sin Cjcu
— C»
f.nce, ¿y cie.f t‘n é t »*on, tA e S.Vcuc f u .n c t .a n Ts j e r o
e v e r j u/ A e r e e x c e j a t t - cu , £ ■= a * ¿ & ^ c s t = ¿ c C lS a ' ,
/
\ r/í y _. 7r
I ¿ ^
^n-m) Ct50 _ — = — 7T~

CCJ5 (n-mô? t dt = ------- (~s .'n (’n-m') 03a t ~f
¿ = - r /2 fn — rr,') CS_ u -i 2 "■
£sín (n-m)TT Sin (n-m ) 7T J —0 -fot oJJ. m =£ n
(Vi— 0íl
2.TT
ffincc TT —
I*• í%m ('n -^ )C J 0 t •d t 4

= ------=--------- Ic oS (n - m ') CSQt -
1,
— (Vi—rn)CJL -*f /■
-% V ’ 0 i - -
= ( n - m ) CJ [ c o S ( r' - m) 7r ~ CcS ( ” ~ m ) r r j = o $cr n
Jr VCVSO
z
-J* = f(-t\J% =f íor m=n
r r/l
J yin O ' ctt —o /*>r m= n
~Vz
Eg0( l l Aecomes’
Vi . + % . ,
/° --en
— •en &9rtT
d9„tr a n
C — .n CJ *
-
j e c¿t = C „ r =¡. c „= - p -r f ( * ) -e •«tt
%
(Í4 -4 ¿ )
14-10
R x C O = f\ ccs cj?
Sx O ) = — f R (r) e
— OO
TT
i/2.09
2rr/ 09 2* ( eos o?r
-■n/ 22 £9
__ _A_ 7T/4<y
r , c jt ; - <: ~ *" <¿
1 TT
j <>*
- Ví
T z /lC J
= A_ C^S£ü> 5
27T [[?♦ * — f -*(■- 2.0D
^ -.T x/zcJ ^
_ __A _
-V«»
” 409
14-11
: ................... — r
o • 2 3 4 5 £ 7 8 9 Í0
. # : ___________i .
Y **\.. j. a O .í 0*2 0* 3 o» 4 o .? o» 6 o .T o .2 °* 9 '‘ O
E ,-= F (¿ ,-) , t t j o 20 40 éO 80 100 -8 o —Co — t+o - zo o
( í ) S p e c i ru m of F (-b ) : %
------------------------- .P — ¿ Y \ G>0 i"
Fro m Es?, 0 ^ •4 O , c n - ~^T J F ("é ) <S dt 0=^
-*/*
U / iie r e t '= * tfm e p e ri* o d - jL E L a^nd = P u n o to - m e n ta i
frepuency, r = />Q ^ ^ ^ ° z7r Xc U / s ^ , .
S in c e . 'th e . i n -b e j r a £ í o n fn E g .( E f) is over o n c -tím e p a rto A >
c„ c-ctrv be e x p r e y íe d a-í
e»= ZT¿ E FW e “* ■*— Í-=7T

. U
c"= ñ iS , 5 e
d 2 TT n •£- -)
“ F / fo,s Í2 J Í -i *" — }
N
= recJ (Cn) -f- Irncx^ ( C CE 2-)
^fr'(^z') J'veS ihe /o llo w in j 're s’u i b s ' j-0r AJ = \0 :
14-12
n Re c d C C o ) I S f e c b r u * cf F « ) = ( c X
= z ^ C fn Y j
0 tO 0 I0 O
1 - ío “ 30*7765 lo ¿i 1 • 2 1
2 IO 13. 7 6 3 6 25? .
3 — lo - 7 ' Z 6 5 Z IS Z - 7 ?
4 /O í . 2 </ 59 III •S’é

3 —i o O / O C 0 3 i o o * o o
6 <0 -3*2^77 111*36

T -<0 7.265'S’ 132*7?
? /O “ 13.76^5 7-31^ *
7 -I O * 0 * 7 7 7 5 / 0 4 -7 - 2 I
(íí / /Y?e¿J-n S’ g u c i . r e V a .L u e o f F Í ^ ) :
Uf fnj - ((¿f»¿f? ^ ,
N-í , ,, _Z | *2.
F*C¿) = 2Í M = S |c„) = 3 4 0 0 . 0 0
n= o
14-13
Rv 0 0 = cu e
CO
S x (^ ) = J" R f r ) e
— 03
* fe* .¡«r ,
J gj £ e It
l
2TT /
\27r/ _ ( ¿ c j - b )
_ cu a> a- ¿
+
27T(7a?-t) ZTT (¿ C 9 -+ !>) IT ( bZ-h 6S’i )
/> sra?)
^(r ) = J s(c¿) e (O c
—co Jo
SYnce S C t# ') =■ S© ,s s^mmetric 63

-a >2 -a>, * to?l 03 z
cund r e a i. , ca-n n e^ lect
■Hie ima/^ínQ.r^ c o m p o n e n ^ »'n (E, )
útnd u/r¿-¿e 'R(t) O/S
R(r)= z s0 f cos w r . J r = — S in 09£ # — s in 63, t* ... E

5. *
14-14
R (r) aA T -> o ís given \>y
rC&. -fin 65, 2T
fcn T z Sc . = <Fí)
r+ o \ cjt z / C J ,?
Tê vcLrtcx-tron R 0^0

ís síiou;n «V» íAe f iju r e >
From E g .(| ií- .6 o ), » i i ., 0?-
s* 0 > = ¿ e “ *r Jr = j_ (rf^rtr e ¿r
— 03
B “-fc p r = i- ( e l P v r + e- * ^ w r )
SitC»> = S i - i ^ r y v j
4Tr «23
—£
2r ( _ * v - ¿o? 4 í f v ) r - ¿ p ^ ) r
r|_ Jo e ^ + J0
4T
^0 ^ - ¿ 0 + ¿ p v ) r ^ + ^-J
+
— 03
«=*r_*j ?_____ + —^ --------i

Tw L =<Vt (u-pv)z
= ^_v_cr- r r es1 -4 + °<* y 2-__________________ n
7T L{<^1î' + (<^- ^\;)2'}{ C^9^Z3^) } J
Fby a,sf> halfc s u rJ^ íx c e :
- M , o< = 0-2 , /3 = 0 - 4
g _ (o - l) U (>»2l) r o- IG y 1 ■+■ 0 - 0 4 ^ ______________________ —— 1
^ L {o'0 4 ijl t f63-o*4^)2'j[o-o4^1-f- (C3+0'4V)Z} J

(£Z + 0‘2 vz
= 0 - 0 7 7 0 3 l?
_ £o*c>4 i?z'+ (os - 0 . 4 v)2*] [o*o4‘^ 2’4- (cJ-f- o .4 .^ ) 2'}.
F o r ¡xx v e j & uJi$< xu-e,:
(7^ = =0 * 3 j ^ o -6
^ (c¿)= Q>*3) v f c ' g Q [~ o - Z G V ^ - t - O - o l V * ______________

7r 4 ° ' 0^ tf( as- o - ^ ) 1 } [ 0 - o ? v V (cá + O ' í v f f ^
14-15
(jQZ 4- 0 . 4 5 U 2"
- Q. 2 4 4 4 ^ V
L {o.O ? 1^4* ( 0 3 - 0 - 6 ^ ) * }fo.O < ? (ü -f-o . Otf)^-
por ^rcLvel ^Surô-ce:
^ 7 - /■ 2 , <* = o - 5 , p = o.*f
sxo¿)= c°'y)^(g<z^r__°-*,v1m
+0,15 ^
^ Lfo.25 1?2-4f69-o.c?V)1}{o'2 5 V L+ (C J -t o - l V ) Z }_
(J z 4 - | -ü 6 V 1
- 0-5ÍSÉ6 V
' 0 .2 5 * V (0 3 - 0 . 9 V ) 1 } [o-25 V * > (09 + O - S ^ ) * j- rr]
From bg.(l-4.6J), RÔO = J ^ (£j) «fc, - s„ J =(43
— Cb -c o
= ITT S0• S ( V )
Idtere S C ^ ) ÍS the j) |fCL-C rQlÍ tr?. ^wrvdZoTl •
t SxC^) R x (r )= ^ S°'S (?)
■>09
(14.24) Sx O s ) = j RX C ? ) e- ¡ “ r ir „ ;(!)= ár
—co
fe )
ojná
1 rw ¿ 03T x ^ 27TÍ ^
R , W - ¿ f í S xO ) e ¿ » or R x (.r )= J S / í) e áf
-<* '“ '50 --- fez)
Idtere £x f e ) ,s power ¿p e cb ra J. dlevS'iby. f u n c t io n
- co < f < - Noting thc^t
S x (í) = Rx ( O = R* C - r ) , fe,) a n j (£z) Cojvl
te umtten a-5
SX( 0 = 1 í ^ x (tr)-(^ znf ? - £ ^ I7rí ’C H r ír

0 £*)
Ok/iyJ
R,,(?)=2 P C'("f)-{orf ¿n-f 7+; 4Ú 2-TTfr J. Jí- JW
1 ca
«>
o ? •____ (e4 ^
firr o, ircal ra s t J b rr* ^ z ^ r u J lA tc (t ), $*(£) R e ('r') oJuc
4zaJ. - V qJLjjjLZ ^LLn.cZ¿cy^¿ CuwJÜ £jí/v-C£- , £rt£ -tfüL. irnXXJÂ-rzO-J'^.
j¡> c ú J j ¿* fe3 ) ('e4 '), ^ (A t ^ ,
$x ( f ) = 2 J** ( r ) . Ccr5 2 TT f T • cCT —.-co < £ < O O ----- ( e 5 )
14-16
R*C?) = z I * S’xCf )• oX r- Sf fe - » < f < « --- Ce£)
O
If S (í ) á L tsrJ& * ‘t e- arLg.- A srA sJ, jx ctirth X ^ e cJñ a J- c& i^ zdtj {jtx^cjfem,
S(í) = 2 <Sx(f) ^ (r ) = B x tr > > C5 *) OJV^ (eO Lecar^ -
s ( f ) = 4 J**3R(r) os zTTf r • drv frr o< í <°=> — CeT^)

anr'"^ /?ao
R( ^ ) = s(s-) 2, - r r f r - «4f o<í<<» (Es)
Mean sg u cu re vcu lu e o£ cu s í n j l e d-0 ' £ ' S j s-iem fs îVen b y Ep.((¿f.9*):

Cq co
E £>*3 = J IH CW) |2 Sx 0«0 = y ¿ ¿ v ) J,i9 Ce,)
-oo ^03
whe re
K to)) = -r ’ ( f e - m 09 ) + c
7 - 7
05
fo)
L e t _ c s r,) auncJ + 0 9 ÍZ) d e n o t e f í n t ’fce Z í U / e r a n J ^ e r b o u -n d c
t o A e u S e d ^ o r in t e y r o J z Í o y \ »‘ n £ 6 5^ ^ a m J 69^ ^ J ib o ^ d t e
S u f f C c ie n b iy la .r j< s . J .
fy/e. C a -n u -?e t r a / p e ^ o / d a - t Y 'u ie o £ in t e jr a jt i'o n 'f o r s im . f l i c f t y .
X n - t h ic m e t h o d , w e d iv id e t h e In t e r v a u L (c < ? C z^ + . g ^ ° ) i’r v f e ? ( n - l )
g íiu o /L J r v r s r o n s r© b b -a Jo
u O)
09, = - 03
C JZ = - 0 9 , -h ¿*£S>
Os)
sr - 09, -f- Z A 03
v a)
09^ = - 09,-h(n-l)Ao9 - O?
Tten (^Cz)
n-i
/
A (09) ^ + A C ^ +0 J “
-a/ 0 t=l
= { a C - W Ci)) + A C ^ f° ) l ^ +- ^
t= z
The c o m p e t e .r p ro yrcu m Ifsétnj is J\v e n b e lo w ■ Xr» trAi’s
^rc?jra.rn, trKe foílouon^ notad:Con i\y used:
o/vi 1 - a /' ^ , o/v7 2 = 0 9 ^ ., OAl P - 65^ 3 SX = C^5) ,
H o /y i - j ^ ( ^ ) |z , ru tn = e C > 2 H .
14-17
r e a l k , c
d a t a ai , k , c / • * - /
D/AT/4 <?AH, ornz/'*'/

W = •v
Ñ i — N — i
D(?/V1 = Ca/V 1 2 + o M l ) / /? E/A L (N. O
C7/V1 n = — o/vi 1
C ALL P S D ( o /a H j Sx\, H or* 1)
C A L L PS D ( o m Z j S X 2. J H O A'1 2-')
S U M = £ C S X ^ / H O M 1 ) +. ( S X Z / H O M 2 ^ ] * 2 > O M / 2 * 0
D O 1 1 I = 2 ^ N f
om P = - O /n i -f- R E A L ( i - ± ) * D o Al
C A L L PSD fo / M P J S X P , H O A lp )
11 ^ U A lz : S 'U /n -f* ('S ’ X P / B o í M P ) * D O A l
P R í n t 12, su n
12 F o R A l A T f • * • )
S T O P
EN D
C SU BR O U T ÍN E TO EVALUATE Pou/ ER SPEcTRaL D E / V ^ í n AND H(3 M
S U B R O U T I N E P S D (o/Y1, S X , Ha
S’ X = -- -
H O Al = ' - *
R E T U R M
E N D __________________________________________________________________________
2- 2.
CJ O 16 XX /O
16 lo 5 100-00 é-25 x lo "5
1 22TT
TT" I/6
¿ .• ¿f054 X l10*
q .0 5 4 x o* /0A7* 2.1 es. 8331 x i< f*
14-18
2 47T 17* 626? xto* 287-44 \g. 4Zo5 x 10
3 £7T I?* ¿7?0 x ios 152-7? 7-164- 1 * f <TS
4 3 TT 22- 58 72 x ,o* in- 56 ¿+-?37( x to~S
5T 10 TT 26•3¿>é 5 x/o* too - 0 0 3-78 J8 x to~s
É IZ1T 31* xio8 111-56 3-5246 X \o~ 8
7 (4 TT 36* ?42S Xtos (52- 7? 4' ÍV64 X /o“ *
<5 (6 TT £+$.6315 x to9 227-45 6*6340 x/o~*
? /* TT 51- 5¿+6\ xl o8 I0£+7* 2 1 2 0 - 316o x io~ 3
Tk us ^ . (e 2) 31'ves £Ae meo-n Sûare Va^Lue ?f üte response

_ - 2
- ¿ -Ov\
^ C ^ Z1 = I 3 7 * &777 x «o
o j? m o h 'o r i 's
>nx -+- ck= F(¿) CE1)

LeJr ¿ — ve.(oCtby. Tbe.n (E’i ') bicornes
m. £ + oy- = Fft) fe)
L e ir -fce e * . c . í 4 e u -tfo n be. '
F fi)
FCO*
<xm( -tAe veiocihj response ¿e
K*) = r e ;üt
^ ¿6 3 t ¿ost
Henee ( F £) ^«'elds m i V? Y e + Cy e =. F0 e
a |h ^ ) I z or
= H (<•'“ ’)
Yo ¿ (J- Yn -i- C
(h ( ccs- ) I1 = — 2 :
, ^„ 2 2
Tn Cc? -f- C
14-19
Th is system ccxn Ae m o d el & d f » (fc )
oJ, cu ¿ ¡r- ijle . (£.0 ' £ - system

U/itA ra.nd^m Aa.se excthxfcCon»
The e jf y u a ¿ , 'o r ) S o f motion
axe y ¡ve r\ h*j :
c> + * ^ — m x
U/Aere ^ .
The freq u en cy r e s pon s e

fu n ctC on of tA e System
Ca-n Ae dtriVeol f o l i o u>s:
Le-t x (-t) - e íC l?t i
J.(t)= HCc.9) e i a t J
S a b s t it u - t í'o n cf (^ 0 In ^3 C^(^)
¿cst
C5 2- m 4 - c c c*9 -f- * ^ H (£tf) e - m 09
vn 03 03
í*e
H(é*) =
— m 65 -f- /fc •+ <
■¿cíe ( W - ¿ < 0 + ¿ 2 ro * u > n
td^
i*e-. CE 0
(H(as)j2 =
(tSz- 03zy + 4- VÍ C3Í csn
14-20
Tp>e pou/er s f e . e k r a A density o/ the resp onse ** 3 'Ven %
S^ o) = I M(w )| 2 Sx ( w ) 0 *)
In H e ¡o re s e n t c a .s e , S x .(^ )= Sa Eg-fC^) re d u ce s to
S|,C^) = S'o [ H ('C¿’> ¡¿ (e*)
T/i e mearlo ^ M a 're yaXu.& o$- th e re/a-t'iVe d ís b la u L e . m e r \ t

o£ -th e mci/Sí ca~Y-> h e cls
co
íá
C»13 = = Sg f . dú3
— <23 —CO -c**’ + c 3 ¿ + iL CS C
ín
'V _
-t
7 _ TT S„ 09*
II
rf e ) i
V
(Eí)
(l -r»;
) J1r u *
^ í + = i F -'- ( E 0
This gives S*Cl* ) = -¿ S f ( < ¿ ) ______________
m‘ •-- ( O
{ ( & „ * ■ - ( á 2- ) 2- + 4 t ^ í s 1
E M = ^ f \ __________
■— (6 .)
— (cs>^)2t 4 T^ „ V
For frn a M d a . r » f ¡ n } , (£ ? )
E L * 1-] ^ JL SF ( « » ) • -2L— -- - (e*)

ZT " i+
t+ere Sf ( g9 ) = AZ- _________________ lr> ^_______ --- fe)
F [l + ( k ^ } > ( 1 +
TT A1 1 +
n * l i =
1 T U „3 m 1 — N
i+ LlUn 7T CSy! C
f+
V )
69, - u n d fl-r n p e d n c u tu ra ^ l fre q u e n c y - \ j~ ^ e ^ / ^ ^
or = C¿( fe)
Ct?£ — d ex. m jse.d no/turad freûe f c j = qj^ \jj __ ^*2 '
= 09, J > - 2.
= p L ./ 7 ~ f t = . Cef
V TP 1 "
4
14-21
or ^ " ’c*. v^¡
M ea -* i’û.ajre v a -L ^ e o~f -íke et>s f o la ^ c .s hrt e r f t o j1 b li e . u rm j (mg

\= 5.
= S 7T SU
e c v 1: = *r c^ =
S * ( O
***■ Ce&
E^S' (E f ) ancf CE3 ) 9 ¡Ve
TT S,
0 0
S o?|
Eguairing ( e 2) and CE¿f') 7T S«
ceg = 2 u ? = c- 2.
o Ct?-, rr»
7T S< */z
( O
_ 2 5 CJ,2- (w,x - «£■)*■ J
f y s ' ( E' ) and ( ^ 2 ) ’in '""ew °f CE ff) > Üfí’e W

r~ 7T S„ cj,2- -1 '
CO
^ L2 S (^CJ,2- - GS|-")*) J
and
7T Sa
Ceg = 2 ( c j ? - C J?)*
z\Kz
_ 2 § ¿i,2- c O - ^2 )
2 TT S„ (C J ? ~ C J ? )* 1*
(e t )
S 03?
1 4 .3 1 ) Jn c a s e o f s t r u c t u r a l d a m p in g , t h e u n c o u p le d e q u a t io n s o f m o t i o n a r e g iv e n b y
q ¡ ( t ) + (1 + i P) u f q i ( t ) = Q i ( t ) ; i = 1, 2 , ..., n (l)
w h e r e f3 d e n o t e s t h e s t r u c t u r a l d a m p in g c o e f f i c i e n t . T h e m e a n s q u a r e v a lú e s o f x ¡ ( t ) a re
g iv e n b y E q . (1 4 .1 1 3 ):
n ( "\2 N*2 00
w
x?(t) = S K 1 ~ r / I Hr M 12 Sr M do; ( 2)
r- 1 1 ’ - 00
w h e r e , f r o m E q . ( 3 .1 0 6 ),
14-22
|H » | = 2 (3)
w2
1 r • +/?
F or ¡3 <<C 1, E q . (2 ) c a n b e a p p r o x im a t e d as
f (t) ~ £
w l 2 N ? S rf o )
ÍXW)2 - L / I H , ( w ) | 2 dw
r-1 V } -oo
R ( t \\2 N? 7T ClL
« S P ) — Sr H - f (4)
r—1' ' (*4 P
U s in g t h e c o m p u t a t i o n a l d e ta ils o f E x a m p l e 1 4 .7 , w e c a n o b t a i n (u s in g g 0 .0 1 in p la c e
of 2 = 0 .0 4 ) :
z f ( t ) = 0 .0 0 2 1 2 5 3 m 2
(5)
z| ( t ) = 0 . 0 0 5 5 9 8 3 m 2
(6)
z 2 ( t ) = 0 .0 0 8 6 5 8 2 m 2
(7)
m 22//„4
:
S (w )- ; ft = 0.02
4 _j_ (jf r a d /s e c
S in c e t h e n a t u r a l fr e q u e n c ie s ( r a d / s e c ) a r e g iv e n b y = 1 4 .0 7 3 4 , u 2 = 3 9 .4 3 6 8 , a n d
CJ3 = 5 7 .0 0 0 1 , w e c a n a p p r o x im a t e S ( c ^ ) f o r u s e in E q . (1 4 .1 1 5 ) as
Sr(wi) = = 0 .0 0 4 9 4 9 0 (1 )
4 + 1 4 .0 7 3 4
1____
S r (w 2 ) = = 0 .0 0 0 6 4 1 3 (2 )
4 + 3 9 .4 3 6 8 ^
1
Sr(ws) = = 0 .0 0 0 3 0 7 4 (3)
4 + 5 7 .0 0 0 1 2
a n d h e n e e t h e m e a n s q u a r e v a lú e s o f t h e r e la t iv e d is p l a c e m e n t s o f th e v a r io u s f l o o r s c a n
b e c o m p u t e d a s (u s in g E q . (E .1 8 ) o f E x a m p l e 1 4 .7 ):
z ? (t) = —
2 Cr M s(wi)+H2’) ^ s(wz)+H3’) - í SM
= — fo.0 0 0 1 0 5 8 (0 .0 0 4 9 4 9 ) + 0 .0 0 0 0 2 4 3 ( 0 .0 0 0 6 4 1 3 ) + 0 .0 0 0 0 0 5 2 (0 .0 0 0 3 0 7 4 )]
0 .0 4 L
= 4 2 .4 7 4 4 (1 0 “ 6 ) m 2 (4 )
7r S ( cj3 )
■!W - UJ2 0J3
2 Cr
14-23
= [0 .0 0 0 3 4 3 6 ( 0 .0 0 4 9 4 9 ) + 0 .0 0 0 0 0 4 8 ( 0 .0 0 0 6 4 1 3 ) + 0 .0 0 0 0 0 8 0 (0 .0 0 0 3 0 7 4 )]
= 1 3 3 .9 9 7 1 ^ ÍO - 8 ) m 2
(5)
r2 / > . o tv t2 / N o a.t2
*¡(t) =
(zf)) ■^rs(wi)+W 3's(w2)+W 5-s(W
3)
7r
o 04 [0 .0 0 0 5 3 4 0 ( 0 .0 0 4 9 4 9 ) + 0 .0 0 0 0 1 5 6 (0 .0 0 0 6 4 1 3 ) + 0 .0 0 0 0 0 1 6 (0 .0 0 0 3 0 7 4 )]
= 2 0 8 .3 9 0 2 ( 1 0 - 6 ) m 2
(6)
% Exl4_33.m
f o r i = 1: 101
x ( i ) = -7 + 14 * ( i - 1 ) / 1 0 0 ;
f ( i ) = exp(-0.5 * x ( i ) A2 ) / sq rt(2 * p i)
end
p l o t ( x , f );
x l a b e l ( ;x ' ) ;
y la b el( ' f ( x ) ') ;
% Exl4_34.m
fo r i = 1: 101
wa_pi (i ) = -7 + 14 * ( i - D / 1 0 0 ;
x_Aa(i ) = ( 4 / (p i A2 )) * ( l / w a _ p i ( i ) ) A2 * ( s i n ( w a _ p i ( i ) * p i / 2 . 0 ) ) A2 ;
end
plot(w a_p i, x_A a);
x la b e l('w a /p i') ;
y la b e l('X /A a ');
14-24
- 8 , - 6 -4 -2 O 2 4 6 8
wa/pi
% Exl4_35.m
f = [O 20 40 60 80 100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0] ;
k = 4e4;
c = 1200;
m = 5.1760;
N = 10;
sumE = 0 .0 ;
f o r i = 1: N
n = i - 1;
wn = 2*pi*n;
sumC = 0.0 ;
f o r j = 1: N
sumC = sumC + f (j+ 1 )*com p lex {cos (2 * p i*n * j/N ), -s i n (2 * p i * n * j/N )) /N;
end
en = sumC;
sumE = sumE + ( a b s ( c n ) /N2 )/( (k - m * w n A2 ) ^ 2 + ( c * w n ) A2 );
end
sumE
Results: sumE = 1.3760e-006
14-25
L et
d = . in n e r d iQ jt n e k e r o f column
t = w c lU , t h i c k n e s s
ü -
rr
fc -
h e íy h b
3 0 x (o
6
= 4
p si
$o "
'h o llo w
c !r cu I a.r
T
4 O fi
Colum n -
1c = S b iff-n e S * o f- Col umn (c a -n b i ¿ e v e r )
1
* (4 8ó)3
Le-t 't c c rK te <a> b h i n — wa^Liecl
cylindrlcal vesseL wit A
D — Tne,a.r\ c ifa m e te r
Ou =. t h i c k nery oj? s h e . l L
( "to fj £¿ b o t t o r n )
t = clxTccI tength of sheli-
W cu ter voíume = (0 OOO gaA l o n s =• 23! xio

Volóme o/ f-cnR = 7TDZ ¿ = ^ ^ ^
Ala.X' preSSure in
ÍC L n k = fc.«M = ^
U /h e r e 3^ = wei^hb cienSiij of
W cu ter = 62-4 M/.n 3

“ 0-0361 U /a Z 3
Ma~x. to u n je n titu L stre ss- Ín f í e ta -n tc = 'Dlfl-X

20- — - fo)
L et p e rm is s ib le stre ss in ta -n k _
07 " - V — 15 ooo b s ¿ ---
^ -g- r i
USíng a-- -f-cx^t o r of S c u fe t tj 0f 2 ^)
E ûcutC ng (£*3 ) a-x»J ( 6 4 ),
15000 = O' o3¿> ¡ i T> (^ 5)

2 ce
14-26
W e i j U t o f e m p t y S teel. tcunn — y 7T 2> ¿u b
U / te re f w e iy k t A e n s í i 'j 0f sbe& L= 0 * 2 g 3 lh /x ^ ?
= nrio-SJ of emptr^ s te e i teu n k - *1 ~ - - TT D c lL

3 8 6 ‘ ¿f
= 2- 300 7 x io ^ J> cl t (ks)
= Wa-íí of U/a>¿€r
tí- sec1
_ 0*1 X '°4 ) f )= ZI5-Í
vn
Njo-turo-l f r^ , e n c 3 ernftj W = é ,2 JJ2 ---fe)
No,turcU freguencj o / ¿ U[ L tlXrWt = ^ 6, 2.532 - — (Ec,)
lA/f\eve rn^_ a ^n'i*r o-n-d ^ cuta. îVen fe>^ C ^ O amí^ CÔ*
Due -fe jround cecee íercut Ton w.-tk pouêr s / s e c t r o J o le n ííty
S (Ct?) , *Hie mea-n sgûa-re Ya,¿cie reí cutí ve cAíSf»leuoc-me»v¿ 0^
Le-t tanK te a/ t k m - wa-££eJ

c^ímJrica-í- V ^ S S e L w i t k
D = mean alt’ct- m eter

CU - t/it'cK nerr ffj? s k e . i t
( top y ¿ o tto m )
t = CLXi'cul £j,f $ k e l L -
U/a/fcer v o ( u m e — 10 O00 gc^ l/on s = 2 3 ( xio ¡n
V o lu - m e o f fá.n í< = 2 L
4
íV|a.X' b re ss a re m ta-n k = i? =
r / iniw
U / h e re /" = u/ei’g t t d e n s iij of
W cu ber - G 2 *4 £¿/<„ 3
- o •o 3 6 í /¿/¿n 3
, p D Tct-nfe
/Viaje. fo L n je n ti'a - t stress- m tke tix.rx.tc = — ~ — _____
Le t fa e r m iííltíe s tre rs 1 m ta ~ n k - ^ <?7 — 15 0 0 0 -ib í¿ ----- (£

^ #■ 2
[^ U S in y cu of Sa*f- c.ty af 2^
u. ce t »*n 9 (E ^ a-nd C ^ ) ,
KOOO = 0-o3i£| 4 D (S ^
2 a>
14-27
W e íjU ir o f e m p t y S t e e l tc c n K — T T 1> L
where tvei'^ht densítj of sbe.e.L= o-z%3 lh/^

W l = -ma-SS of embira steeí txn-k = g‘.— — 7 T D £L¿
-3 3* * tdf r \
— 2 .1 0 0 ? x ,o~ j) cl ¿
vn — mo-íí aj? Wa-ter

•w
= l” 1 ’t'0 * ) f l S r !) = z , ? ’y — ■"" fe^

(\Ja.-turo,t jlregêncy <,.f e m ^ t j -fein* = vjw é/*:' > ( , , Z S 3 Z --- f%)
No-t^raJ freguencjojl ^ (.L t&-rv* = ^ &l2. í 3 2 ( e9)
U/f\£Y*S > ^"Ur QJTJL íven (^ E y ^ CUrvA CÔ •
D u e t o j r o u n c l a - c c e , l e r a J : < ‘o r \ w / í t h p o w e r S f e c t r a d d e « y í ¿ ^
S (65) , t h e imecun s y u c u r e . Vadoe oj? relcotíve diSj’lo-ceYnen.i
ta*nfc. ÍS gtVen by Ejj. ( £ |2^ o| Fxamjde ((¿f.fi-) :
w h e r e c = o» i Cc = o *2. r n 50 = O - o o o Z / r n '/ c y c \ e , / s e c .
When e rn p - b y ,
E [ ^ J = t t S. < ^ ^ _ ^
^0*2 -fc ^
cond U/hen fu.L L *
p T í 2- " !
L* J -- .......+ TY1W' )
^— < .2 -
16 m ir -
( E iz )
\
fc QO ' 2 \/fc ( m¿. -+- m t^) j
V\/e n e e d to j-fnd the v c u lu .e s oj? d ; t, ^ a-nd ¿>

to s a ~ t¡s fy the m e f t u a -L ié ie s (Eg) , ( Es ) , (E ^ CE tz) •
14-28

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Solucionario Vibraciones Mecanicas, 5ta Edicion - Singiresu S. Rao PDF

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL

1. Fundamentáis ofV ibration 1-1 - 1 -9 9

2. Free Vibration o f Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 2-1 - 2-139

3. Harmonically excited Vibration 3-1 - 3-119

4. Vibration Under General Forcing Conditions 4-1 - 4-145

5. Two-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 5-1 —5-133

6. M ultidegree-of-Freedom Systems 6-1 - 6-150

7. Determination o f NaturalFrequencies and M ode Shapes 7-1 -7 -7 1

8. Continuous Systems 8-1 -8 -8 0

9. Vibration Control 9-1 -9 -7 4

10.Vibration Measurement and Applications 10-1 - 10-18

11.Numerical Integration Methods in Vibration Analysis 11-1 - 11-50

12.Finite Element Method 12-1 - 12-96

13.Nonlinear Vibration 13-1 --13-52

14.Random Vibration 14-1 --14-28

The M A T L A B programs given in the book, answers to problems, and answers to

HfpS cund tejS S>*Li=- > / IliL

ma/SS ^ mornenfc oí iner-tícu

da-vn j^ing & -> pfn^ & s K ffn e s s

* ** ( + ^ = * 2* 3* ^ + 2 * , *3 ^ f e 5 + * 1* 2*4 Eg* 2 Kí kzK3K5

V e r tíc e JÍ f o r c é . e^jujih%ríum ^rorr\ :

P i'Sp l¿2-ce m e n-t 5 of Sprin ts le, aywd cure 5*‘ veh %

D í S ple-cemneni o f -forcé. F Ca-vn te fo u n d USm g ÉBg.S’-CS’J?

2* ^*1 9 + i *^*fc2. 0 ^"2 *^l) + ¿ ^ 2(0 ^1) + 2 ^ 3 (0 ^2) = i 0

i<,2.3 - £ °r senes SpringS fci > ^2. a_v-J ^ 3 *

*^ +f c d ^ n ^ ') + R> ' + **>

■'■ ht = Vy - \2'l£ x. la7 n / „ - ]c -r

@ c r o ^ - se o í io n A>"fóe a-x^tcd s k i f f n e s s (-fe) te ^Ivsn ¿ j

wken c r o S S - section is so l íd c í r c u ( a .r wíhA d í a - m e t e r d ^

wkew croSS - Se ction »‘s sgua.re w ! b h S i A e d .>

Wken c r o s s - s e c f t o n íS t a l U w cC ccuIo lt ujt'fh mecen díou. d eend

For S pecífíed vad¿te cr^. ^ croS£- se o tco n cúreos

r e g u ,W ÍS: A= « ± = c (c a n ff^ t ' ) C O

.: rKe ska-ft Wi'fí. t í i e {\cllo\w c , ' r c u l a . r c r o S S - seciV on

c o r r £ Sp©r»dS "fe m ínim u m w eíg h t.

f-OTCe clÍ" C/v-ui ■'

For gj Soli’d ci'rcu-láLr sectíor* u/«trk d t ‘< s . m s t s r <&>

w eíqkí of be,o.m - IV s TT ^ % _ ttX ] c"

= JLÍ (<f ¿ í ) = 7T cH S = 7T ^ ( ó-i J 3"^»

p£>r O-* /S ^'^^ÍY' 'Usifcf' ^d<Sj~ Á? td S i^ F'F C?<f- H\&

j?£L¿2~Vr\ ^ W^") ^ 1------------- -----------

tecurr» C o r r e SponJs ’fco ’tk e ftoUúUü cL ^ cjuXgJ i . c.roSS'- í e t i i ' e n »

5 Í o * t *c. €^^£^bri¿UAr« oj- He. r u b b e r mcurHCn^ Uh<lef

^ ^.c * * * 4 . $00 X * - 200 - O ( 2 ^>

Tbe roo'ts oí He CmJ^c ^ jju c J~ L c ~ n (2^> c ^ -i t e J v u s ^ J i JVom

ThuS H e ¿feaJfe e ^ u ílitr iu m p o S C b t'o n of He ru bter tn o u n tS n j

O2- ) E g w*‘ V a l e v ^ l m £ a .r ^Sjorinj Canstía-Vrvi o f r w .tte r m o u n i í n j

(.JO Deflec.fior> Qg r u b t e r ro o u n t í n j corres|¿>ondi’ng h>

tfc-e ej^jjuL\{cJlíLAr£ ^'ruL^x ^ rii-v j c o n s fa .n i íS* •

__ -_E— = —— ---------- = 0-2^77 m CO

l/üíiett +Ke sprmg u n d e r g o e s 1 cu s te o u J L y ¿e fíe c tib n o £

X* in duri'rtj j~he o¡pe,rcuiiar> o f ~tke e ^ g í n e , i~he

E^ul \/cJ^A-ár /Lí-ne^r sj»«'íag con s t a - n i : o jb 'J j /ífe.»JLg

Usínj ílie reí a i ion (i + ©) ^ 2¿ 1 +■ > iVe ot-taín

From eguívaience o£ pcée-n-fcia.1. energy,

From je o m e íry , ^ - * ,f = ccS*

ASSUmin^ % ío be SinclLL we LxSe. ■minuS’ Si^n

j^omt caví te c U f e r m .n e J ly consM crm g FAe m om ent

e g u a ii V i^ Egs-CO cuvtJ . C2 )-* obt<2-ín

Xej 0£ ttre m a n o m e f e r ( F » j. 1*77^» -¿Ae m e rca r^

T k e Yr?cu3jv»{fu á e ¿>f +Ae -forcé P due fb f £ e U/eíykfc o f ib e

di'SJalcLceJ m e r c a r ^ , a-c^ts* cm f k e r e s t o f fk e f lu.cd .

Urkere if bke s ^ e c if i’c wev'gkb o f rn e rc u rj^ cuw Jt A is1

* ** ( + ^ = * 2* 3* ^ + 2 * , 3 ^ f e 5 + 1* 24 Eg 2 Kí kzK3K5

2* ^1 9 + i ^fc2. 0 ^"2 ^l) + ¿ ^ 2(0 ^1) + 2 ^ 3 (0 ^2) = i 0

For gl» oAo.mínum AprCnj ivith = 26 é He

Around x: F(x) ~ F(x) + -^— |x* (x — x*)

n e o u v í^ (m e a r u/í'fe te ¿ p r ín j e o n s f- n F y iV e n by