Disabel G.

De Luna

REPORTER

PATRICIA SAWYER BENNER

From Novice to Expert

 “ Nursing is concerned with the social sentient body thats dwells in the finite human worlds, that gets sick
and recovers; that is altered during illness, pain and suffering; and that engages with the world differently
upon recovery.”

Getting to know the theorist

 Patricia Benner was born on August, 1942 in Hampton, Virginia and spent her childhood in California.

 She received her Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing from Pasadena College in 1964.

 Her Master Degree in Medical Surgical Nursing from the University of California, San Francisco in 1970 and
Ph.D from University of California , Berkerly.

 In 1982- She completion of her Doctorate

 1989- achieved the position of Associate Professor in the Department of Physiological Nursing at the
University of california San Francisco.

 2002- she moved to the Department of Social behavioral Sciences UCSF.

NURSING

 Benner described nursing as an “enabling condition of connection and concern”.Nursing is viewed nursing
practice as the care and study of the lived experience of health,illness and disease and the relationships.

PERSON

 Benner stated that “ a self-interpreting being that is the person does not come into the world predefined but
gets defined in the course of living a life.

 Benner believed that there are significant aspects that make up a person.She had conceptualized the major
aspects of understanding that a person must deal with as:

 1. The role of the situation

 2. the role of the body

 3. The role of personal concerns

 4. The role of temporality

HEALTH

 Benner focused “on the lived experience of being healthy and ill.”She defined health as what can be
assessed, while well-being ill is the human experience of health or wholeness.

ENVIRONMENT

 Rather using the term “environment” Benner used term “situation”, because it suggests a social
environment with social definition and meaningfulness
Dr. Benner’s Stages of Clinically Competence.

1. Novice
 The novice stage of skill acquisition describes that the person has no background experience of the situation
in which he or she is involved.
 To guide performance, context free rules and objective attributes must be given.
 The novice also has difficulty discriminating between relevant and irrelevant aspects of a situation.

2. Advance Beginner

 1 to 2 experince

 Benner described has a sufficient experince to easily understand aspects of the situation.

 Clinical situations are viewed by nurses at the advanced beginner stage as a challenge of their abilities and
the demands of the situation placed on them instead of the patient’s needs.

 Also they feel more responsible for managing patient care.

3.Competent

 2 to 3 experience
 Competent performance considers consistency,predictability, and time management as essential
compnents.
 This stage is the most essential in clinical learning because the learner must know how to recognize patterns
and identify which element of the situation needs attention and which is ones to ignore.

4. Proficient

 3 to 5 experience

 The performer in this stage perceives the situation as a whole rather than in terms of aspects, and
performance is guided by maxims.

 They show an increased confidence in their knowledge and skills.

 Much more involement such the patient and family.

5. Expert

 When the expert performer no longer relies on analytical principle like rules, guidelines and to connect her
understanding of the situation.

 Benner viewed an expert nurse as possessing an intuitive grasp of problem without losing time considering a
range of alternative solutions.

Key aspects of the expert nurse practice as follows:

 Demonstrating a clinical grasp and resourse-based practice.

 Possessing embodied knowledge.

 Seeing the big picture.

 Seeing the unexpected.