Subscribe (Buy) Current Affairs PDF 2019 - Pocket, Study and Q&A (English & Hindi)

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Current Affairs Weekly PDF - September 2019 Second Week (8-15)
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Q&A (English & Hindi)
INDIAN AFFAIRS
Fun zone has been set up by the Railways at the Visakhapatnam Railway Station
A fun zone, the first of its kind in Indian Railways, has been set up at the Visakhapatnam Railway
Station, Andhra Pradesh. The Gaming zone was inaugurated at platform number 1. The children
can enjoy games during their waiting period for trains.
Western Air Command Commanders' conference 2019 held in New Delhi
A two-day long Western Air Command, Commanders' Conference 2019 was held on September 5-
6, 2019 in New Delhi. Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa was the chief guest of the
Conference. Air Officers Commanding or Station Commanders of all Air Force Stations under
Western Air Command participated in the conference.
President inaugurates 2-day National Youth Summit 2019 in New Delhi
The President of India, Shri Ram Nath Kovind has inaugurated the National Youth Summit 2019
held in New Delhi. It was organized by Youth Awakening Mission (a wing of Paavan Chintan Dhara
Charitable Trust, Ghaziabad). The 2-day summit was concluded at the ALT Center in Rajnagar,
Ghaziabad on 8 September 2019.
SRB Increased By 13 Points In 4 Years; Stood At 931 In 2018-19
Women and Child Development and Textiles Minister Smriti Irani notified that the Sex Ratio at
Birth (SRB) increased by 13 points nationally since the implementation of the Beti Bachao, Beti
Padhao (BBBP) programme from 918 in 2014-15 to 931 in 2018-19. These figures vary from the
second Health Index Report released by NITI (National Institution for Transforming India) Aayog
in June 2019 which showed decline in SRB in 12 out of 21 states between 2013-15 and 2014-16.
Read full details here: SRB increased by 13 points in 4 years; Stood at 931 in 2018-19
Amit Shah Chairs 68th Plenary Session Of The North Eastern Council 2019 In Guwahati, Assam
Union Home Minister Amit Shah chaired the 2-day (8th & 9th September, 2019) event of 68th
Plenary session of the North Eastern Council 2019 (NEC, a nodal agency for the economic and
social development of the North East which consists of 8 states of the region) at the Assam
Administrative Staff College in Guwahati, Assam. Governors and Chief Ministers of 8 northeastern
states (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Sikkim)
participated in the event. Governors and Chief Ministers of 8 northeastern states (Assam,
Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Sikkim) participated in
the event. Read full details here: Amit Shah Chairs 68th Plenary Session Of The North Eastern
Council 2019 In Guwahati, Assam
6th India-China Strategic Economic Dialogue 2019 Held In New Delhi
Three day organised 6th India-China Strategic Economic Dialogue(SED) was held in New Delhi
from September 7-9, 2019 between India and China. The Indian delegation was led by Dr. Rajiv
Kumar, Vice Chairman(VC) of National Institution of Transforming India Aayog(NITI). The
delegation from China was led by Mr. He Lifeng, chairman of National Development and Reform
Commission (NDRC). Read full details here: 6th India-China Strategic Economic Dialogue 2019
Held In New Delhi
Overview Of Prime Minister Of India, Shri Narendra Modi’s Visit To Haryana
Prime Minister (PM) of India, Shri Narendra Modi visited Haryana. He participated in BJP’s Vijay
Sankalp Rally which marked the culmination of Haryana Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar’s ‘Jan
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Ashirwad Yatra’. He laid the foundation stone to Mega Food Park at IMT, Rohtak. Read full details
here: Overview Of Prime Minister Of India, Shri Narendra Modi’s Visit To Haryana
India Has Seen An Improvement In Overall Life Expectancy At Birth To 69 Years: SRS 2013-17
According to the Sample Registration Survey (SRS) document named "SRS Based Abridged Life
Tables, 2013-17" released by the Registrar General of India, the overall life expectancy at birth in
India improved to 69 years from 68.7 years in 2012-16. As per SRS 2013-17, women are expected
to live for 70.4 years and men for 67.8 years. Read full details here: India has seen an
improvement in overall life expectancy at birth to 69 years: SRS 2013-17
First edition of helicopter summit 2019 by aviation ministry held in Dehradun
Ministry of Aviation jointly with Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
(FICCI) organised the first helicopter summit 2019 in Dehradun, Uttarakhand to discuss the issues
related to connectivity through helicopters. The Indian Air Force(IAF) were invited for a talk on
'Role of IAF helicopters in MEDEVAC (medical evacuation) at National level'.The summit was
based on the theme “expanding connectivity through helicopters”.
Kerala to set up India’s first iWTC in Kozhikode
In consonance with the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs), Kerala will
set up India's first International Women's Trade Centre (iWTC) in Kozhikode to boost women
entrepreneurship and secure gender parity. It is an important Gender Park under the Department
of Social Justice of Kerala Government.
Defence Secretary Sanjay Mitra to head 3 member panel to look into assets, liabilities of J&K
Centre has appointed defence Secretary Shri Sanjay Mitra to head a 3-member panel to look into
assets, liabilities of Jammu and Kashmir(J&K) between two successor Union territories(UT) J&K
and Ladakh, that comes into effect on October 31, 2019. The other members on the panel include,
ArunGoyal- retired Indian Administrative Service(IAS) officer and, Giriraj Prasad Gupta- Retired
Indian Civil Accounts Service (ICAS) officer.
2019 National conference on crop residue management held in New Delhi
The National conference on crop residue management organised by govt. of India n collaboration
with ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) was held in New Delhi. Union Agriculture &
Farmers Welfare Minister Shri Narendra Singh Tomar addressed the event. During the
conference, CHC Farm Machinery” app was also launched. 20 farmers from Punjab, Haryana and
Uttar Pradesh were felicitated for their contribution in crop management and also for promoting
the in-situ crop residue management.
PM of India & Nepal jointly inaugurate South Asia’s first cross-border petroleum products
pipeline from Motihari in India to Amlekhgunj in Nepal
Prime Minister (PM) of India Shri Narendra Modi and PM of Nepal K.P. Sharma Oli jointly
inaugurated South Asia’s first cross-border petroleum products pipeline of 69-km from Motihari
in Bihar, India to Amlekhgunj in Nepal through video conference.
India declares free from H5N1 avian influenza
India has been declared free from H5N1 avian influenza (commonly known as bird flu) by OIE
(Office International des Epizooties)-World Organisation for Animal Health. The flu was last
reported in 2017 with disease outbreaks in Odisha, Bihar, and Jharkhand.
PM Shri Narendra Modi launched NADCP in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh
Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi launched National Animal Disease Control
Programme (NADCP) in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh in the presence of Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister
Yogi Adityanath and Mathura Member of Parliament (MP) Hema Malini. NADCP aims to control
the Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Brucellosis in the livestock by 2025 and eradicate them by
2030.
22nd session of UN Committee on CRPD held at UNHRC, Geneva
The 22nd session of the United Nations (UN) Committee on Convention on Rights of Persons with
Disabilities (CRPD) was held at the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC), Geneva,
Switzerland from September 2-3, 2019. Indian delegation was led by Mrs. Shakuntala D. Gamlin,
Secretary, Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD).
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The first meeting of the Apex Committee for DefExpo 2020 held in New Delhi
The first meeting of the Apex Committee for DefExpo 2020 was held in New Delhi. It was chaired
by the Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh and it was also attended by Chief Minister of Uttar
Pradesh Shri Yogi Adityanath. 11th edition of DefExpo will be held for the first time in Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh from February 05 – 08, 2020 with the theme ‘Digital Transformation of Defence’.
DPIIT launched plastic waste management ‘Swachhta hi Sewa 2019’ campaign on September 11,
2019
The Department of Promotion and Industry and Internal Trade(DPITT) under the Ministry of
Commerce and Industry launched ‘Swachhta hi Sewa 2019′ campaign on September 11, 2019 as
part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s call to action against plastic waste from industrial estates,
parks and other areas by all states and Union Territories(UT). The theme of the campaign is
Plastic Waste Management.
MP govt. to offer cows for online adoption
Madhya Pradesh (MP) govt. announced to launch online service for cow adoption and shed
provisions under the MP govt’s initiative “Project Gaushala”at Gaushalas(cow shelters). In this
project a cow can be adopted for a minimum period of 15 days.
J&K tops in coverage of iodised salt in the first Nutrition International’s survey 2019
The Country’s first of its kind survey titled "India Iodine Survey 2018-19" to measure iodized salt
coverage conducted by Nutrition International in collaboration with the All India Institute of
Medical Sciences (AIIMS) and, the Indian Coalition for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders
(ICCIDD), and Kantar has reported that Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) has topped the list of best
performers in iodised salt coverage. J&K is followed by Nagaland and Manipur in the second and
third place respectively.
AMER8 for the year 2019 held in Abu Dhabi
The 8th Edition of Asian Ministerial Energy Roundtable (AMER8) for the year 2019 was held in
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and India was the co host along with UAE. It was held
alongside the 24th Edition of World Energy Congress (WEC). From the Indian side, it was
attended by the Union Minister of Petroleum & Natural Gas Mr Dharmendra Pradhan who is on a
3 day visit to UAE. Read full details here: AMER8 for the year 2019 held in Abu Dhabi
PM Modi Launched “Swachhta Hi Seva 2019” campaign at Mathura, Uttar Pradesh
Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi launched nationwide campaign “Swachhta Hi Seva
2019”(SHS) in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh(UP). The theme for 2019 is ‘plastic waste awareness and
management’. This SHS which means “Cleanliness is service” is observed from 11th September to
October 2nd 2019 as part of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). Read full details here: PM Modi
Launched “Swachhta Hi Seva 2019” campaign at Mathura, Uttar Pradesh
Overview of PM Modi’s visit to Jharkhand on September 12, 2019
Prime Minister(PM) of India Shri Narendra Modi paid a one-day visit to Jharkhand and launched
schemes namely KMY, PMLVMY and Swarojgar. He also inaugurated Jharkhand assembly and
schools in the state. Read full details here: Overview of PM Modi’s visit to Jharkhand on September
12, 2019
Overview of the PM of St. Vincent and the Grenadines Dr. Hon’ble Ralph Everard Gonsalves’s visit
to India from September 8-12, 2019
The Prime Minister (PM) of St. Vincent and the Grenadines Dr. Hon’ble Ralph Everard Gonsalves
visited India on September 8-12, 2019. He became the first-ever Prime Minister of St. Vincent and
the Grenadines to make an official visit to India. Read full details here: Overview of the PM Of St.
Vincent And The Grenadines Dr. Hon’ble Ralph Everard Gonsalves’s Visit To India From
September 8-12, 2019
Ministry of railways & Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) sign MoU on green initiatives
Ministry of Railways has signed an MoU (memorandum of understanding ) with Confederation of
Indian Industries (CII) for facilitation of green initiatives in Indian Railways at New Delhi. Coffee
Table Publications on Energy Efficiency, GreenCo Rating (developed by CII) and Green Buildings
(including railway stations) were also released during the signing ceremony. Read full details
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here: Ministry Of Railways & Confederation Of Indian Industries (CII) Sign MoU On Green
Initiatives
India joins as a 16th member of global AMR research hub
Department of Biotechnology under the Ministry of Science & Technology, in New Delhi, has
announced that Indiahas joined as the new and 16th member of the Global Antimicrobial
Resistance (AMR) Research and Development (R & D) hub. This partnership would address the
challenges and enhance collaboration in the AMR research of the 16 countries, European
Commission, 2 philanthropic foundations and 4 International organisations.
India is the fourth country in the world to export bulletproof jackets to over 100 countries
According to Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), India is the fourth country in the world to have its
own national standard on bulletproof jackets after the United States, United Kingdom and
Germany, which provides 360-degree protection. They are manufactured at 2 Public Sector
Undertakings (PSUs) Medani and Ordnance factory at Avadi, Chennai and private firms SNPP
(Palwal), Starwire (Faridabad) in Haryana and MKU (originally incorporated as M Kumar Udyog)
in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.
Rail project connecting Agartala (India)-Akhaura (Bangladesh) to be completed by 2020: Jitendra
Singh
The union minister of state (Independent Charge) for Development of North Eastern Region
(DoNER), Dr. Jitendra Singh stated that the 15 km railway route between Agartala (Tripura) and
Akhaura (Bangladesh) through Nischintapur in Indo-Bangla border will be started in 2020 while
meeting the Indian Ambassador to Bangladesh Riva Ganguly Das in New Delhi.
1st military conference for SCO member states held in New Delhi from sep12-13 2019
The first conference on military medicine for Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member
countries was organised in New Delhi from September 12-13, 2019 by the Indian Armed Forces
under the aegis of Headquarters Integrated Defence Staff (HQ IDS). The aim of the conference was
to share the best medicinal practice and render medical support in military field and to overcome
common challenges involved.
Indo-Thailand joint military exercise “Maitree – 2019” scheduled to be held at Foreign Training
Node, Umroi, Meghalaya
The joint military exercise between India and Thailand “Maitree – 2019” is scheduled to be held at
Foreign Training Node, Umroi, Meghalaya from September 16-29, 2019. Nearly 100 Indian and
Royal Thailand Army (RTA) soldiers will participate in the exercise. It is an annual Joint Military
Exercise which is being conducted alternatively in Thailand and India since 2006.
MoS for Health & Family Welfare Aswini Kumar Choubey announces plans to set up National
Genomic Grid for cancer research
Union Minister of State (MoS) for Health & Family Welfare Aswini Kumar Choubey announced the
plan to set up National Genomic Grid for cancer research in line with the National Cancer Tissue
Biobank (NCTB) set up at the Indian Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras. This was
announced by the minister on the sidelines of the launch of the campaign War Against Cancer at
Sri Ramakrishna Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
Skill India gets its first batch of IES officers to the ISDS cadre; Training at ATI, Mysuru
The first batch of Indian Engineering Service (IES) Officers who have joined the Indian Skill
Development Services (ISDS) through the Indian Engineering Service Examination conducted by
the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) have started receiving the training at the
Administrative Training Institute (ATI) in Mysuru, Karnataka.
NGT forms committee headed by AK Goel to prevent illegal groundwater extraction
National Green Tribunal (NGT) formed a committee inorder to look into the issues related to
illegal groundwater extraction and prevent them. The committee headed by NGT chairperson
Adharsh Kumar Goel directed the panel to frame mechanism to prevent the unauthorized
extraction and also to monitor the functioning of Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA).
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Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot launched India's first 'Jan Soochna Portal' RAJIV campaign
Chief Minister(CM) Shri Ashok Gehlot, of the govt. of Rajasthan has launched a portal called ‘Jan
Soochna Portal' under the Rajasthan Innovation Vision (RAJIV) campaign that was started to
commemorate former Prime minister(PM) Rajiv Gandhi’s 75th anniversary. This portal designed
by the information and technology(IT) department, is a first of its kind in India to provide access
to information about govt. departments in a single platform.
Rs 2,000 crore acquisition proposals approved by DAC, under 'Make in India' initiative
Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) under the ministry of defence chaired by Shri Rajnath Singh
(defence minister) has approved proposals for procurement, for the India armed forces Services,
worth Rs 2000 crore as part of the “Make in India” initiative including Indigenous production of
125mm Armour Piercing Fin Stabilised Discarding-Sabot (APFSDS) ammunition for 2414 no. of T-
72 and 2011 no. of T-90 tanks.
COP 14 Of UNCCD Held At The India Expo Centre & Mart, Greater Noida, Delhi
The 12-day, 14th Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) of the United Nations Convention
to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) was held at the India Expo Centre & Mart, Greater Noida, Delhi
NCR, India from September 2-13, 2019 under the theme “Investing in Land, Unlocking
Opportunities”. It was for the first time, India had hosted the conference. Read full details
here: COP 14 Of UNCCD Held At The India Expo Centre & Mart, Greater Noida, Delhi
Ravi Shankar Prasad Launches India’s First Maritime Communication Services And CEIR System
In India
Nelco, a security service provider company of the TATA group, announced the launch of maritime
communication services. By this launch, Nelco became the first Indian company to provide
broadband services in maritime sector. This communication service that provides uninterrupted
Broadband internet to any maritime vessel sailing in Indian waters was launched by Union
Minister for Communications, Electronics & Information Technology and Law & Justice Shri Ravi
Shankar Prasad in Mumbai along with pilot launch of Central Equipment Identity Register (CEIR)
system to track stolen mobile phones. Read full details here: Ravi Shankar Prasad Launches
India’s First Maritime Communication Services And CEIR System In India
In October 2019, The Indian Army Will Conduct A Large War Exercise Near China Border Named
‘HimVijay’
The Indian Army and Indian Air Force (IAF) will jointly engage to conduct a large war exercise
code-named ‘HimVijay’ in October 2019 along the china border near Arunachal Pradesh. This
would be the 1st and biggest ever war game done by the strike corps in the eastern region. For the
first time, 17 Mountain Corps will be involved, over 2500 soldiers will participate in it. Read full
details here: In October 2019, The Indian Army Will Conduct A Large War Exercise Near China
Border Named ‘HimVijay’
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Mumbai ranks 5th and New Delhi 11th in the 2019 Knight Frank Co-Living Index across Asia-
Pacific, Beijing tops
Co-living index for the year 2019 titled "Insights on Co-living – An Asia-Pacific Perspective" across
the Asia-Pacific region was released by London based consultancy agency Knight Frank. Among
the Indian cities, Mumbai ranked at the 5th spot, New Delhi ranked at the 11th spot and the
electronic city of India, Bengaluru ranked at the 19th spot in the index. The index was topped by
Beijing (China) followed by Tokyo(Japan) and Shanghai(China) in the second and third position
respectively.
India participated in 84th Edition of TIF 2019 in Greece
India participates in the 84th Edition of Thessaloniki International Fair (TIF) for the year 2019 in
Greece from 7-15 September 2019. Indian delegation was led by Minister of State (MoS) for
Commerce and Industry, Hardeep Singh Puri. The New India Pavilion: It was inaugurated by the
Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic, Mr. Kyriakos Mitsotakis and the Minister of State for
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Commerce and Industry, Hardeep Singh Puri. The rank of India in the Global Innovation Index
(GII) 2019 is 52 amongst 129 countries in the list.
According to a report published in the Lancet journal, India is ranked fourth in Global Malaria
Cases in 2017
According to a report published in the Lancet journal, India is ranked fourth in Global Malaria
Cases in 2017. India has 4% of the cases worldwide behind the African countries Nigeria,
Democratic Republic of Congo and Mozambique. In 2017, there were 10 million malaria cases in
India out of the 219 million cases of malaria worldwide. Read full details here: According To A
Report Published In The Lancet Journal, India Is Ranked Fourth In Global Malaria Cases In 2017
Thailand became the first Asian nation to unveil plain cigarette packaging
Thailand became the first Asian nation to unveil plain cigarette packaging to reduce the appeal of
smoking and complied with the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) guidelines. Australia became
the first country to require tobacco products to be sold without colourful brand logos in 2012.
Eritrea tops the list of 10 countries in press censorship by CPJ
New York-based media watchdog “Committee to Protect Journalists” (CPJ) released “10 Most
Censored Countries list” that have high press censorship. The list was topped by East African
country Eritrea that shut all independent media in 2001and has only 1% of the country’s
population in internet penetration. Eritrea is followed by North Korea and Turkmenistan in the
second and third place respectively.
Commerce & industry minister attended the 7th RCEP ministerial meeting held in Bangkok,
Thailand from 8-10september 2019
Commerce & Industry and Railways minister Shri Piyush Goyal attended the 7th Regional
Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) meeting of the 10members of the Association of
Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) countries and its 6 Free Trade Agreement (FTA) partners in
Bangkok, Thailand from September 8-10, 2019. Along with this meeting, he also attended the 16th
ASEAN India Economic Ministers (AEM) meeting and the 7th East Asia Economic Ministers
Summit held at the same place.
SL’s new luxury train Pulathisi Express by Indian railways ‘make in india’ product flagged off
The new luxurious train of Sri Lanka(SL), Pulathisi Express which was produced under the ‘Make
in India’ project of the Indian Railways was launched. The president of SL Shri Maithripala
Sirisena flagged off the new train from Fort railway station in Colombo to Polonnaruwa, North
central province of SL. Earlier, an agreement was signed between Indian Railways and Sri Lanka
Railways for supply six DEMU train sets to Sri Lanka.
U.S. designates TTP chief Noor Wali Mehsud as global terrorist on the eve of the 18th anniversary
of the 9/11 attacks
On the eve of the 18th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks, the United States (US) Department of State
designated the chief of the banned Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) Noor Wali Mehsud, also
known as Mufti Noor Wali Mehsud, as a 'Specially Designated Global Terrorist' (SDGT). TTP has
held over 1400 terrorists attacks in Pakistan in last 12 years.
Overview Of External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar’s Visit To Indonesia And Singapore From
September 4-10, 2019
The External Affairs Minister(EAM) of India, Dr S Jaishankar paid an official visit to Indonesia and
Singapore from September 4-10, 2019. India and Indonesia have committed to reach a target
of$50 billion bilateral trade by 2025. In 2018, the trade between the two nations crossed $20
billion. Read full details here: Overview Of External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar’s Visit To
Indonesia And Singapore From September 4-10, 2019
Vietnam unveils southeast asia’s largest solar power farm
Vietnam has inaugurated Southeast Asia’s largest solar power farm called ‘Dau Tieng Solar Power
Complex’. It occupies 540 hectares in Tay Ninh province, some 100 km from Ho Chi Minh City,
having the capacity to generate 688 million kWh (kilowatt-hour) of electricity annually. The plant
has an investment of over $ 391 million
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24th Edition of World Energy Congress for 2019 was held at Abu Dhabi National Exhibition
Centre, in Abu Dhabi UAE
The 24th Edition of World Energy Congress (WEC) for 2019 was held from September 9-12, 2019
at the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre (ADNEC), in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE)
under the theme “Energy for Prosperity”. The triennial event is a global flagship event of World
Energy Council. It was held under the patronage of Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President
of the UAE. It provided a unique platform for global energy leaders to explore new energy futures,
critical innovation areas, and new strategies.
Indian Navy ships Sahyadri and Kiltan are on a port call at Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
Indian Navy ships Sahyadri and Kiltan made a port call to Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia for a 3 day visit
from September 12 – 15, 2019 as a part of Indian Navy’s Overseas Deployment to South East Asia
and Western Pacific. They operate under the Command of Rear Admiral Suraj Berry, Flag Officer
Commanding Eastern Fleet.
BANKING & FINANCE

ADB will provide $200 million loans to Maharashtra for rural road project
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved $ 200 million (about Rs 1,400 crore) loan to
upgrade about 2,100 kilometers of rural roads to all-weather standards in Maharashtra’s 34
districts for better connecting rural areas with markets and services. Under the project, a
provision of contractual maintenance for 5 years following construction has also been provided.
In addition to the loan amount, $1 million will be provided for institutional strengthening of the
Maharashtra Rural Roads Development Association.
RBI selects Daffodil Software Pvt Ltd for developing mobile app for visually impaired
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) selected Daffodil Software Pvt Ltd to develop a mobile phone-
based application for visually impaired people to identify currency notes. It informed the Bombay
High Court that an internet connection would not be required for its proposed mobile application.
IPPB launched AePS services
Union Minister for Communications, Electronics & Information Technology and Law & Justice Shri
Ravi Shankar Prasad announced that India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) has launched Aadhaar
Enabled Payment System (AePS) Services at the first anniversary of its business operations. With
this, IPPB became the single largest platform in the country for providing interoperable banking
services to the customers of any bank including the 34 crore Jan Dhan account holders.
India announces $1 mln disaster relief aid for Bahamas as it is affected by Hurricane Dorian
The Government of India (GoI) announced humanitarian assistance of $1 million as immediate
disaster relief to help people in The Bahamas affected by Hurricane Dorian which has caused large
scale destruction. The death toll is more than 40 and is likely to increase.
Overview Of The Report Submitted To RBI By A Panel Headed By Harsh Vardhan For The
Development Of Housing Finance Securitisation Market
The panel headed by Harsh Vardhan, senior advisor, Bain and Co., for the development of housing
finance securitisation market has submitted its report to the governor of the Reserve Bank of
India (RBI) Shaktikanta Das. The six-member committee was set up by RBI on May 29, 2019. The
panel suggested that the National Housing Bank (NHB) should create an intermediary for
standard-setting and market-making for the instruments. Read full details here: Overview Of The
Report Submitted To RBI By A Panel Headed By Harsh Vardhan For The Development Of Housing
Finance Securitisation Market
India Ratings cuts FY20 growth forecast for NBFCs to 10-12%
Credit rating agency India Ratings & Research (Ind-Ra) downgraded growth forecast for Non-
Banking Financial Companies (NBFC) to 10-12% from the previous estimate of 15% due to
slowdown in economic activity. It also revised NBFC’s outlook from stable to ‘negative’.
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Finance ministry notifies code of conduct for non-official directors of PSBs

The Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance of the Government of India has issued a
code of conduct for non-official directors of Public Sector Banks (PSBs). The boards of the banks
will have to send an annual performance report which rates a director based on professional and
ethical conduct, and contribution to the board.
An internal group of RBI to assess the adequacy of forex reserves
An internal group of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will frame a formal mechanism to assess the
adequacy of its foreign exchange (forex) reserves. RBI had recently adapted the fresh Economic
Capital Framework (ECF) as recommended by Bimal Jalan Committee on ECF which noted that
RBI’s forex reserves in 2008 were higher than India’s external debt. The panel will study whether
forex reserves are adequate or not and how much reserves are adequate to cover various risks.'
IDBI & LIC CSL to launch a co-branded credit card
The Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI Bank) and Life Insurance Corporation of India
Credit Cards Services (LIC CSL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of LIC, will launch a co-branded credit
card. It will be marketed to customers, agents, and employees of the corporation and its
subsidiaries.
SBI revises service charges for deposits and withdrawals from October 1, 2019
State Bank of India (SBI) has announced revision in charges of deposits and withdrawals that will
be effective from October 1, 2019. The new revision is applicable to cash withdrawals, non-
maintenance in Average Monthly Balance(AMB) and deposits.
IFC & FIDC sign a MoU to train NBFCs
The International Finance Corporation (IFC), part of the World Bank Group and the Finance
Industry Development Council (FIDC), a representative body of asset and loan Financing of Non-
Banking Financial Company (NBFC), signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to train the
NBFCs in India on “Commercial Credit Reporting”.
Karnataka Bank MD & CEO MS Mahabaleshwara inducted into IBA’s Managing Committee
The Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Karnataka Bank, M S
Mahabaleshwara was included in the Managing Committee of Indian Banks Association (IBA). He
was elected unopposed from the private sector member banks category.
CBDT notifies E-assessment Scheme 2019 for faceless scrutiny of income tax return
The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) notified the e-assessment scheme 2019 for conducting
faceless scrutiny assessment of income tax returns (ITR). It will be established at regional and
national level with auto-allocation of different scrutiny matters.
RBI increases loan exposure limit of banks to a single NBFC (excluding gold loan companies) from
15% to 20%
As announced in the Statement on Developmental and Regulatory Policies dated August 7, 2019
on ‘Harmonisation of single counterparty exposure limit for banks’ exposures to a single NBFC
with general single counterparty exposure limit’, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has made
amendments in the Large Exposures Framework (LEF). It has increased the bank's loan exposure
limit to a single NBFC(non-banking financial company) to 20 % from 15 % of its eligible capital
base. However, this is not applicable to gold loan companies.
RBI reduces the risk weight on consumer credit required by banks from 125 % to 100 %
The country’s central bank, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has cut the risk weight of consumer
credit, including personal loans from 125 % to 100 %. Now banks will be able to give more loans
to customers for purchasing consumer products such as mobile phones, home appliances, two-
wheelers, and three-wheelers.
RBI proposes new rule to set up Rs 200 crore minimum capital for SFB under 'on tap' license
regime
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has framed new guidelines in licensing Small Finance Banks(SFB)
under ‘On-tap’ regime in order to make more participants in the finance banking section. As per
the new guideline, the SFBs should have Rs. 200 crores minimum capital except for such small
finance banks which are converted from Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs). UCB's should initially
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have at least Rs.100 crores from the start of the operation, however, it should make it to Rs. 200
crores capital within 5 years, from the date of commencement of business. Read full details
here: RBI proposes new rule to set up Rs 200 crore minimum capital for SFB under 'on tap' license
regime
RBI Panel Chaired By Mahesh Kumar Jain Suggests To Set Up Of A Federal Body Like GST Council
For The Agriculture Sector
The RBI (Reserve Bank of India) panel has suggested creating an institution like the GST (Goods
and Services Tax) Council to implement reforms in the agricultural sector. It was also
recommended to transfer subsidy directly to the account and avoid debt waiver. Read full details
here: RBI Panel Chaired By Mahesh Kumar Jain Suggests To Set Up Of A Federal Body Like GST
Council For The Agriculture Sector
NPCI reduced merchant discount rate on RuPay Debit Card to 0.60 % on transactions above Rs
2,000
An umbrella organization for operating retail payments and settlement systems, National
Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has rationalized merchant discount rate (MDR) on
transactions with RuPay debit cards. The new rate will be effective from 20 October 2019. MDR
has been revised to 0.60 percent on transactions above Rs 2,000. There will be a maximum of Rs
150 per transaction. Currently, MDR of 0.90 percent is charged on transactions above Rs 2,000.
The maximum limit was fixed at Rs 1,000 per transaction.
BUSINESS & ECONOMY

UNCTAD released its first ‘Digital Economy Report 2019’
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) released the first ever Digital
Economy Report (DER) titled "Digital Economy Report 2019 - Value Creation and Capture:
Implications for developing countries". DER was formerly known as the Information Economy
Report. It examines the scope for value creation and capture in the digital economy by developing
countries. Read full details here: UNCTAD released its first ‘Digital Economy Report 2019’
Niti Aayog selected McKinsey & Company to set up India's first Digital Capability Centre in New
Delho
National Institution for Transforming India (Niti Aayog) has selected McKinsey & Company to set
up India's first Digital Capability Centre (DCC) in New Delhi. The government will act as a
facilitator to bring together industry, academia, and research on one platform by forming DCC.
Gujarat again tops the second edition of perception based 2019 LEADS index
Commerce and industry minister Shri Piyush Goyal released a report on the 2nd edition of
perception-based index of mobility of goods and efficiency, the Logistics Ease Across Different
States (LEADS) index in New Delhi. The list is topped by Gujarat, followed by Punjab and Andhra
Pradesh in the second and third places respectively. The index is developed by commerce and
industry ministry along with the company Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd (Deloitte).
IMF cuts India's GDP growth to 7% from 7.3% for FY20
International Monetary Fund(IMF) has reduced the Gross Domestic Product(GDP) growth rate of
India to 7% from its previous estimate of 7.3% which is much weaker than expected by IMF. This
rate cut is attributed to uncertainty in corporate and environmental regulatory in some Non-
Banking Financial Companies (NBFC).
The US becomes the world’s top oil exporter surpassing Saudi Arabia and Russia
The International Energy Agency (IEA) notified that the United States (US) became the top oil
exporter in the world by overtaking Saudi Arabia and Russia. In June 2019, crude exports grew
above 3 million barrels per day (bpd) in the US. IEA has estimated the growth in global oil demand
in 2019 at 1.1 million bpd and 1.3 million bpd for 2020.
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Overview of union minister of finance & corporate affairs Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman's presentation
on measures to boost economic growth
Union minister of finance & corporate affairs Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman made another presentation
on the measures to boost economic growth. Earlier the announcements were made on August 23
and 30, 2019 regarding the series of measures to enhance economic growth of India. Read full
details here: Overview of union minister of finance & corporate affairs Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman's
presentation on measures to boost economic growth
Infosys co-founder Kris Gopalakrishnan to head expert panel to examine non-personal data
regulation
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (Meity) has framed an 8-membered high-
level panel headed by Infosys co-founder Kris Gopalakrishnan to study issues related to non-
personal data and suggest the ways to regulate non- personal data. The draft Data Protection Bill
2019, submitted by the Justice Srikrishna Committee on 18 July 2018, is yet to be tabled in
Parliament.
AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

Vedanta Resources chairman, Anil Agarwal honoured with a lifetime achievement award at 19th
Annual Asian Achievers Awards 2019 held in London
The founder and Chairman of Vedanta Resources Limited, Anil Agarwal (65) has been given the
lifetime achievement award at the 19th Annual Asian Achievers Awards 2019 with the theme
inclusivity at London’s Grosvenor House Hotel, on Park Lane. London Deputy Mayor, Rajesh
Agrawal has received the Editor’s Award 2019 for Public Services.
President’s secretariat announces recipients of Visitor’s Awards 2019
President’s secretariat announced the recipients of Visitor’s award 2019. The award will be
presented by the President Shri Ram NathKovind at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. President’s
secretary Shri Sanjay Kothari, headed the committee along with other officials, assisted by a Sub-
Committee selected people for 2019 Visitor’s award. Read full details here: President’s secretariat
announces recipients of Visitor’s Awards 2019
16-year-old Priyavrata becomes youngest person to clear 2019 “Mahapariksha” examination
Priyavrata became the youngest person to pass the“Mahapariksha” at the age of 16. The
Mahapariksha contains 14 levels and is conducted twice in a year at Tenali (Andhra Pradesh) for
the students studying ‘Shastras’ (ancient scriptures).
India’s DAIS, Mumbai ranks 10th in 2019 “Global Top 50 IB Schools 2019" list
In the “Global Top 50 IB Schools 2019" list released on September 7, 2019, by United
Kingdom(UK) based education consultancy ‘Education Advisers ltd’, India’s Dhirubhai Ambani
International School (DAIS), Mumbai, Maharashtra was ranked at 10th position in the list. The list
is topped by Anglo Chinese of Singapore followed by Godolphin & Latymer of UK and St Josephs
Institution of Singapore at 2nd and 3rd position.
76th Venice International Film Festival Awards for 2019 held at Venice Lido, Italy
The 76th Edition of the annual Venice International Film Festival Awards for 2019 was held at
Venice Lido in Italy from August 28- September 7, 2019. It was organized by La Biennale di
Venezia and was officially recognized by FIAPF (International Federation of Film Producers
Association).
 Golden Lion Best Film - Joker
 Silver Lion Grand Jury Prize - J’accuse (An Officer and a Spy)
 Special Jury Prize - La Mafia Non È Piu Quella Di Una Volta (The Mafia is no longer what it
used to be)
UNESCO announces International Literacy Prizes 2019
Audrey Azoulay, the Director-General (DG) of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) announced the winners of UNESCO International Literacy Prizes 2019.
The International jury, which recommended the prizes, comprised of John Benseman (New
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Zealand), Rana Dajani (Jordan), Ms. Jianhong Dong (People’s Republic of China), Sowonne Tchang
(Republic of Korea) and Dr. Willy Ngaka (Uganda). Read full details here: UNESCO Announces
International Literacy Prizes 2019
Telangana governor Tamilisai becomes the youngest governor at 58years while Andhra governor
Harichandan becomes the oldest at 85
Former TamilNadu Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) chief Dr. Tamilisai Soundararajan who was sworn
in as the first woman governor of Telangana, became theyoungest state governor at the age of 58
among all the current governors. Andhra Pradesh governor Biswa Bhusan Harichandan is the
oldest at the age of 85 among the current governors.
Indian Concrete Institute award 2019 honours MEIL for Kaleshwaram project’s outstanding
concrete structure in Hyderabad
On the occasion of concrete day celebrations, Construction company Megha Engineering and
Infrastructures Limited (MEIL) was recognised with Indian Concrete Institute award 2019 (ICI
award)for the outstanding concrete structure of the Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project (KLIP) in
Telangana. The ICI awarded the best concrete structure award 2019 to Amazon building and for
execution of the Khajaguda to Nanakramguda concrete road.
“Srivilliputtur Palkova” gets Geographical Indication(GI) tag in Chennai
“Srivilliputtur Palkova” in Virudhunagar district of Tamil Nadu has get Geographical
Indication(GI) tag in chennai.The sweet is prepared from high quality flavour of milk with sugar.
The milk is fetched only from in and around reared cows of Srivilliputtur.
Indian Ambassador to UAE Navdeep Suri conferred with UAE Order of Zayed II
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has honored Indian Ambassador Navdeep Singh Suri with its
highest civilian honor Order of Zayed II award. He has been given this honor for strengthening the
relationship between the two countries.
IIT Ropar & IISc Bangalore ranked No 1 among the 56 Indian institutes in the Times Higher
Education World University Ranking 2020
In World University Rankings 2020, published by the United Kingdom (UK) based Times Higher
Education (THE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Ropar and Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
Bangalore were ranked number 1 among the 56 Indian institutes on the list of the best
universities of the world, beating IIT Bombay and IIT Delhi. Since 2012, for the first time Indian
institutions did not feature among the top 300 in World University Rankings 2020. Read full
details here: IIT Ropar & IISc Bangalore ranked No 1 among the 56 Indian institutes in the Times
Higher Education World University Ranking 2020
UNESCO to translate and publish an anthology of Guru Nanak Dev’s writings in world languages
on his 550th birth anniversary
Ministry of Culture of the union government notified that in commemoration of the 550th birth
anniversary (April 15, 1469) of Guru Nanak Dev, United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) will translate and publish an anthology of Guru Nanak Dev’s
writings in different major languages of the world.
17 Indian peacekeepers deployed with the UNMISS felicitated with UN Service Medals
17 Indian peacekeepers who were deployed in the United Nations Mission in South
Sudan (UNMISS) for over a year were felicitated with UN Service Medals by the United Nations
(UN) in recognition of their UN Peacekeeping service to the people of South Sudan, the world's
youngest country, as UN Police officers. Among the 17 peacekeepers, 5 were women police
officers.
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APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNS

Tenure of Pakistan's army chief Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa extended for 3 years
According to the Pakistan Prime Minister's Office, the tenure of Pakistan Army Chief General
Qamar Javed Bajwa (58) has been extended by another 3 years. Bajwa's work extended due to
regional security, scheduled to retire on November 2019. The appointment of an army chief in
Pakistan is a prerogative of the Prime Minister and his government. The practice of being
appointed army chief on the basis of seniority in Pakistan is not followed.
Vijay Kumar Chopra & Vineet Jain elected as Chairman and Vice Chairman of PTI respectively
At a meeting of the Board of Directors (BoD) of Press Trust of India (PTI), India’s premier news
agency, after the company’s 71st annual general meeting, Vijay Kumar Chopra & Vineet Jain were
elected as Chairman and Vice Chairman of PTI respectively.
 Vijay Kumar Chopra, aged 87, who is the Chief Editor of the Punjab Kesari Group of
newspapers, was unanimously elected Chairman of PTI succeeding N Ravi, publisher and
former Editor-in-Chief of The Hindu.
 Vineet Jain, Managing Director (MD) of Bennett, Coleman and Company Limited (BCCL),
the publisher of Times of India, was elected as Vice-Chairman of PTI.
Read full details here: Vijay Kumar Chopra & Vineet Jain Elected As Chairman And Vice Chairman Of PTI
Respectively
Madras HC Chief Justice Vijaya K. Tahilramani resigns after the Meghalaya HC transfer
High Court Chief Justice(HC-CJ) of Madras, Vijaya Kamlesh Tahilramani resigned from her post
after being transferred to Meghalaya HC. The resignation letter was handed over to the President
of India, Shri Ram Nath Kovind and copy of it to Chief Justice of India, Ranjan Gogoi.
Rajiv Kumar appointed as the new MD of Microsoft India (R&D)
American multinational technology company Microsoft has appointed Rajiv Kumar as the new
Managing Director(MD) of Microsoft India Research & Development (R&D) Private Ltd (MIRPL).
Kumar, who is currently corporate vice president of the company’s Experiences and Devices
(E+D) group, succeeds Anil Bhansali and will be relocating to Redmond, United States(US).
Chinese firm Alibaba Group’s chairman Jack Ma steps down
Jack Ma, Founder & Chairman of Chinese firm Alibaba Groups has stepped down from his post at
his 55th birthday and will remain on board till 2020. Jack will be replaced by Chief Executive
Officer(CEO) Daniel Zhang as its new chairman.
P K Mishra appointed as the new principal secretary to PM; P K Sinha appointed as principal
advisor
Pramod Kumar Mishra, aged 71, was appointed as the new principal secretary to Prime Minister
(PM) Narendra Modi succeeding Nripendra Misra with effect from September 11, 2019. Former
cabinet secretary P K Sinha, aged 64, was appointed as the principal advisor to the PM. He
currently serves as Officer on Special Duty (OSD) in the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO).
Bollywood Actor Ranveer Singh signed as JBL’s new global brand ambassador
Bollywood Actor Ranveer Singh is the new global brand ambassador of Audio equipment Maker
JBL owned by Harman International Industries.To strengthen JBL’s dominance in the country, He
will engage in all sequence of marketing initiatives and also endorse a range of new JBL’s
consumer audio product.
Hima Das appointed as brand ambassador for Gatorade by PepsiCo India
Hima Das(19yrs) from Assam was appointed as the ambassador of sports drink brand Gatorade
India which is a subsidiary of PepsiCo India. Hima, nicknamed as Dhing express, joins shuttler P.V
Sindhu and javelin thrower Neeraj Chopra as brand ambassadors in the country.
Indian officer Abhijit Guha to lead UN's peace mission in Yemen
United Nations(UN) Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has appointed former Indian Army
Lieutenant General (retired) Abhijit Guha to lead UN mission in the port city of Hodeida, Yemen.
Apart from leading the UN Mission in support of the Hodeidah Agreement (UNMHA), Guha will
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also hold the post of Chairman of the Redeployment Coordination Committee (RCC) that is tasked
with redeploying forces of the Yemeni warring parties in accordance with their agreement.
Overview of Key Parliamentary Panels and their heads
The Central government has announced the constitution of various parliamentary panels and
standing committees for the newly constituted 17th Lok Sabha. Among them, the panel of
Defence is headed by Jual Oram.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ISRO lost the signal from chandrayaan 2’s lander Vikram
The communication from Chandrayaan-2's Vikram lander of 1471 kg to Indian Space Research
Organisation’s (ISRO) ground station was lost before its soft landing on the unexplored lunar
south pole of the Moon. The contact was lost when the lander was 2.1km away from the surface of
the moon. Rs 978-crore project consisted of 3 components namely the Orbiter, the Lander
‘Vikram’, and the Rover Pragyan (27kg).
IAF Chief B S Dhanoa restored Ambala-based 17th Squadron ‘Golden Arrows’ to operate first unit
of Rafale aircraft
Indian Air Force (IAF) chief Air Chief Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa restored Air Force Station
(AFS) Ambala-based 17th Squadron ‘Golden Arrows’ which will be committed to operate India-
Pakistan frontier. It will be the first unit to operate the newly-acquired Rafale aircraft. He also
presented a memento to Station Commander Group Captain Harkirat Singh to commemorate the
occasion.
Samsung unveils ‘Good Vibes’ and ‘Relumino’ app for deaf-blind and visually impaired people in
India
South Korean tech giant Samsung,has unveiled two apps namely “Good Vibes” a communication
tool for deaf and blind people and “Relumino” that helps the visually impaired people to see the
images clearer.
DRDO gives second indigenously developed AEWC aircraft 'Netra' to Air Force
The Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) has handed over the 2nd
indigenously developed AEWC (Airborne Early Warning and Control) aircraft, 'Netra' to the
Indian Air Force(IAF). Western Air Command Chief Air Marshal R Nambier Nambiar accepted the
planes at the acceptance ceremony at Bathinda Airbase in Punjab.
China launches 3 satellites, will help areas including disaster management and climate
monitoring
China has successfully launched three satellites (a resource satellite- ZY-1 02D and two small
satellites). These satellites have been launched in a predetermined orbit that will help in disaster
management, urban construction and monitoring of polar regions and global climate change.
K2-18b: Water discovered for the first time in atmosphere of habitable exoplanet
Astronomers have found water for the first time in atmosphere of habitable exoplanet- K2-18b
which orbits in its star's "habitable zone". The article was published in the scientific journal
Nature Astronomy and the lead scientist of the research is Prof Giovanna Tinetti of University
College London (UCL), United Kingdom.
DRDO successfully test fires indigenous MP-ATGM in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully flight tested indigenously
developed low weight, fire-and-forget Man Portable Anti Tank Guided Missile (MP-ATGM) from a
firing range in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. The missile weighs around 14 kg with maximum range
of around 2.5 kms, will replace Soviet-era anti-tank missiles.
BHEL commissions 1,320 MW thermal plant in Jharsuguda, Odisha
Govt. of India owned state run engineering firm Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
announced commissioning of 1320 MegaWatt(MW) power project in Ib Thermal Power
Station(ITPS) in Odisha’s Jharsuguda district. This generated power will be supplied to Grid
Corporation of Odisha(GRIDCO).
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First-ever arrested landing of LCA Tejas successfully executed by DRDO, ADA

The first-ever arrested landing of the Light Combat Aircraft(LCA) Tejas was successfully executed
by the Defence Research and Development Organisation(DRDO) and Aeronautical Development
agency(ADO) of DRDO at INS Hansa, Goa at a shore based facility centre. This achievement would
pave way to take up aircraft carrier landing demonstration on Indian Naval Aircraft Carrier, INS
(Indian Naval Ship) Vikramaditya.
ENVIRONMENT
IMD released report titled ‘Mid-Monsoon 2019 Lightning’
India Meteorological Department(IMD) has released a report titled ‘Mid-Monsoon 2019 Lightning’
prepared by IMD’s research body Climate Resilient Observing Systems Promotion Council
(CROSPC). It is a first of its kind report in India about lighting incidents and lighting hotspots. As
per report, Odisha was reported to have more lightning strikes than any other states in last 4
months.
Typhoon Faxai hits Tokyo, Japan
Typhoon Faxai has hit Tokyo, Japan. There were winds of up to 216 kilometres (134 miles) per
hour. Authorities have issued non-compulsory evacuation warnings to more than 390,000 people.
Cryodrakon boreas- new species of Pterosaur reptile identified by scientists
The University of Southern California (USC) scientists and colleagues have discovered new reptile
species Cryodrakon boreas from the Azhdarchid group of pterosaurs, which is also called as
“frozen dragon of the north”. Its study is published in the journal of “Vertebrate Paleontology” led
by author David Hone from Queen Mary University of London in the United Kingdom (UK).
Scientists from BSI discovered two new species of ginger from Nagaland
Scientists from the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) discovered 2 new species of ginger- Zingiber
namely Zingiber perenense and Zingiber dimapurense from Nagaland. The article on Zingiber
dimapurense was published in NeBIO, an International Journal of Environment and Biodiversity
and the article on Zingiber perenense was published in The Thailand Natural History Museum
Journal.
SPORTS
Afghanistan’s all-rounder Mohammad Nabi to retire from test cricket
Afghanistan’s all-rounder Mohammad Nabi, aged 34, will retire from test cricket after the
conclusion of the ongoing test match against Bangladesh at Zahur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium at
Chattogram, Bangladesh. He has played only 2 test matches for Afghanistan (25 runs & 4 wickets).
n the ICC (International Cricket Council) Men's Cricket World Cup 2019, he took 10 wickets in 9
matches.
Snake boat Nadubhagam Chundan clinched the 67th Nehru Trophy for the year 2019 at
Punnamada Lake in Alappuzha, Kerala
Snake boat Nadubhagam Chundan which was rowed by Pallathuruthy Boat Club clinched the 67th
Edition of the Nehru Trophy 2019 in the boat race held at the Punnamada Lake in Alappuzha,
Kerala. 79 boats, including 23 snakeboats participated in the event. Champakulam chundan rowed
by United Boat Club- Kainakary, Karichal chundan (Police Boat Club) & Devas chundan (NCDC
Boat Club, Kumarakom) finished second, third and fourth respectively.
Bangladesh Krida Shiksha Prothishtan (BKSP) successfully lifts U17 Girls Subroto Cup
International Football 2019 title
Bangladesh Krida Shiksha Prothishtan (BKSP) has successfully retained the 60th edition of the
Under 17 Girls Subroto Cup International Football 2019 title by defeating Neelamani English
School, Manipur with 4-0 scores in the final held in Ambedkar Stadium in New Delhi. BKSP won
this title for the 3rd time in a row - 2017, 2018 and 2019.
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IAF Chief B S Dhanoa flags off kargil to kohima ultra-marathon to mark 20 years of 'Vijay Diwas’
In order to commemorate 20 years of Kargil Vijay Diwas, Air Chief Marshal B S Dhanoa has flagged
off ultra-marathon named as ‘Kargil to Kohima (K2K): Glory Run’ spanning more than 4,500 km
from Kargil War Memorial at Dras in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) to Kohima War Cemetery in
Nagaland commencing on September 21, 2019 & will culminate on 6 November 2019.
IOC won 93rd All-India MCC Hockey Tournament for 2019 in Chennai by defeating PNB
Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) defeated Punjab National Bank (PNB) by 3-1 and clinched the 93rd
All-India MCC-Murugappa Gold Cup Hockey Tournament title for the year 2019 held at Chennai,
Tamil Nadu.
Brigid Kosgei of Kenya ran fastest half marathon ever by a woman in 2019 Great North Run in UK
Kenya's Brigid Kosgei created record in the 2019 Great North Run event held in the United
Kingdom(UK) making the fastest half-marathon run ever by a woman by winning the event in 1hr
4min and 28 secs which is 23sec ahead of the 2017 world record set by Jocelyne
Jepkosgei(Kenya).
India Red wins 2019 Duleep Trophy at Chinnaswamy stadium, Bengaluru
India Red defeated India green by an innings and 38 runs to win the 2019 Duleep trophy held at
Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru. Akshay Wakhare (India red) of Vidarbha, Maharashtra took a
5 wicket haul leading to the team’s victory while Abhimanyu Easwaran(India red) was awarded
player of the match title.
SL cricketer Malinga takes double hat-trick, became 1st bowler with 5 int'l hat-tricks
Sri Lanka cricket captain Lasith Malinga became the first bowler to take 100 wickets in the T20I
(twenty-twenty International) format during a 3rd T20I match against New Zealand at Pallekele,
Sri Lanka after which he also became the first-ever bowler to take a double hat-trick. Currently,
Malinga is the only player with 5 limited-overs International hat-tricks.
Charles Leclerc wins second successive F1 win through 2019 Italian Grand Prix
Ferrari’s Charles Leclerc(Monaco) has won the 2019 Italian Grand Prix(formally known as
Formula 1 Gran Premio Heineken d'Italia 2019) Formula 1(F1) race at Monza, Italy. This
marks Ferrari’s first Italian Grand Prix win in 9 years (last win 2010) and also Charles’s second
successive win in the F1 race after winning the maiden 2019 Belgian Grand Prix.
Overview of US Open 2019 held at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York,
United States
US Open 2019, annual hard-court tennis competition, was held from August 26- September 8,
2019 at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, New
York, United States (US) on 14 DecoTurf hard courts. Following are the winners:
 Men’s Singles Rafael Nadal (Spain)
 Women’s Singles Bianca Andreescu (Canada)
 Men’s Doubles Juan Sebastian Cabal & Robert Farah (Colombia)
 Women’s Doubles Elise Mertens (Belgium) & Aryna Sabalenka (Belarus)
 Mixed Doubles Jamie Murray (Great Britain) & Bethanie Mattek-Sands (USA)
8th edition of Ladakh Marathon, world's highest marathon, for 2019 held in Leh, Ladakh
The 8th edition of Ladakh Marathon for 2019 was held from September 6-8, 2019 in Leh, Ladakh.
It is the highest marathon in the world as it is held at over 11,000 feet above the mean sea level.
There were more than 5500 participants from 26 countries. The event was organised by Rimo
Expeditions.
Brazilian tennis player Diego Matos banned life time for match-fixing
The 31-year old Brazilian tennis player Diego Matos has been banned for lifetime because of
match-fixing and was fined $125,000. Matos was ordered to repay $12,000, received in the
tournament of Ecuador. He was suspended from tennis since December 6 2018.
South Africa appoints Former Indian Batsman Amol Muzumpar as interim batting coach in test
match against India
Former Indian Cricketer Amol Muzumpar has been appointed as South Africa’s Interim batting
coach for three test matches against India, starting from October 2. He replaces Dale Benkenstein,
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who resigned after the team's depressing performance in the World Cup 2019. Previously,
Muzumpur acted as a batting coach of IPL franchise Rajasthan Royals and domestically played for
Mumbai and Assam.
Hero MotoCorp Chairman, MD and CEO Pawan Munjal to be inducted in 2019 Asia Pacific Golf Hall
of Fame
Pawan Munjal, the Chairman, Managing Director(MD) and Chief Executive Officer(CEO) of Hero
MotoCorp was selected to be inducted in the 2019 Asia Pacific Golf Hall of Fame for his support in
sports in India as well as globally.
MYAS derecognises PCI for violating NSDCI, 2011
The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (MYAS) derecognised the Paralympic Committee of India
(PCI) for violating the National Sports Development Code of India (NSDCI), 2011 in accordance
with provisions under clause I (ix) and (x) of Annexure-III of NSDCI, 2011. It has been penalised
for misgovernance.
India tops medal tally in 6th Track Asia Cup cycling in New Delhi from sep 9-11
Three-day event of the 6th Track Asia Cup cycling competition 2019 hosted by Cycling Federation
of India (CFI) from Sep 9-11, 2019 was held in New Delhi at Indira Gandhi Indoor (IGI) Sports
Complex. The list was topped by India with 10 gold, 8 silver and 7 bronze, totaling 25 medals in
the event. India was followed by Uzbekistan and Malaysia in the second and third places
respectively.
Australian cricketer Megan Schutt becomes 1st woman to claim 2 white-ball hat-tricks against WI
in Antigua
Australian fast bowler Megan Schutt created record by becoming the first woman to have two hat
tricks in white ball cricket in third One Day International (ODI) matches against West Indies at Sir
Vivian Richards Cricket Stadium in Antigua, Barbuda. She also became the first Australian woman
to claim a hat trick in ODI.
Australian cricketer Steve Smith breaks world record, making 10th straight 50+ score against
England at The oval stadium, London
Australian international cricketer and former captain of the Australian national team Steve Smith
created a world record by scoring 10 consecutive half century against England. He broke the
record of most 50 plus runs in a row against a single nation on the second day of 5th Ashes test at
the Oval Stadium, London, United Kingdom(UK). The previous record was held by Pakistan
cricketer Inzamam-ul-Haq, who had hit 9 straight 50-plus scores against England from 2001 to
2006.
25th Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships for 2019 held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
The 25th Edition of Asian Junior and Cadet Table Tennis Championships for 2019 was held
at Buyant Ukhaa Sport Complex in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia from September 2-7, 2019. It was
organized by the Mongolian Table Tennis Association under the authority of Asian Table Tennis
Union (ATTU). Indian team clinched 2 silver medals.
 New Delhi’s Payas Jain lost to top seed and World No. 1 Yuanyu Chen of China by 4-0 in the
finals.
 The Indian boys team settled for a silver medal.
Ranveer Duggal, aged 15 from Chandigarh, clinched bronze medal in IBSF World U-16 Snooker
Championship 2019 in Tyumen, Russia
In the International Billiards Snooker Federation’s (IBSF) World Under-16 Snooker Championship
2019 held in Tyumen, Russia, Ranveer Duggal, aged 15 from Chandigarh, clinched bronze medal.
He is a student of IX standard at St Stephen’s School, Sector 45, Chandigarh.
India won ACC U-19 Asia Cup 2019 by beating Bangladesh
India won ACC (Asian Cricket Council) Under-19 Asia Cup 2019 by beating Bangladesh for 5 runs.
The final was held at R. Premadasa International Stadium, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
 Player of the match award - India’s left-arm spinner Atharva Ankolekar, aged 18, took 5
wickets for 28 runs from 8 overs.
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 Player of the series honour - Arjun Azad of India, for scoring 202 runs in four games this
tournament.
BOOKS & AUTHORS

Book titled ‘Fortune Turners: The Quartet that spun India to glory’ on spin quartet written by
Aditya Bhushan and Sachin Bajaj launched
Book titled ‘Fortune Turners: The Quartet that spun India to glory’ on spin quartet written by
Aditya Bhushan and Sachin Bajaj was launched in New Delhi. It is published by Global Cricket
School. It reveals the careers of the famous four spinners of Indian cricket team- Bishan Singh
Bedi, Erapalli Prasanna, Bhagwat Chandrashekhar and S. Venkataraghavan.
"Savarkar: Echoes from a forgotten past, 1883-1924" by Vikram Sampath released
Renowned Bengaluru-based historian and author Vikram Sampath’s recent book"Savarkar:
Echoes from a forgotten past, 1883-1924" describing the life of freedom fighter and Philosopher
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, popularly known as Veer Savarkar, was released on August 8, 2019,
by Viking Penguin publishers.
Venkaiah Naidu releases the book "Rethinking Good Governance" authored by the former CAG
Vinod Rai in New Delhi
The Vice President of India, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu has released the book entitled ‘Rethinking
Good Governance’ penned by former Comptroller Auditor General (CAG), Vinod Rai in New Delhi.
The book has been published by Rupa publications.
OBITUARY
Well known lawyer and former Union minister Ram Jethmalani passed away
Ram Jethmalani, Senior lawyer, and a former union law minister has passed away at his home in
Delhi after suffering from prolonged illness. He was 95. Jethmalani was born on 14 September
1923 in Shikarpur, Sindh in the Sindh division of the then Bombay Presidency, now part of
Pakistan. He had worked as union law minister and in the National Democratic Alliance (NDA)
government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
Bollywood actor and renowned Kathak dancer Veeru Krishnan passed away
Bollywood actor and renowned Kathak dancer Veeru Krishnan has passed away in Mumbai,
Maharashtra. Besides being an actor, he was also a famous kathak dancer. Many Bollywood
celebrities like Katrina Kaif, Athiya Shetty, Karanvir Bohra, and others were trained in Kathak by
him.
Documentary photographer Robert Frank passed away at the age of 94
Switzerland born famous documentary Photographer Robert Frank passed away at the age of 94
in Nova Scotia, Canada. He rose to fame by his landmark book “The Americans” and for his 20th
century photographs.
Veteran Politician Congress Leader Goverdhan Kalla passes away at the age of 89 years
Veteran Congress Leader and Former MLA Goverdhan Kalla passed away at the age of 89 years
after a prolonged illness in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. He served as an MLA of Jaisalmer between 2003-
08, funeral procession was happened at Vyas Chhatri Cremation Ground.
Climate change campaigner, Tongan PM Akilisi Pohiva, aged 78, passed away
Climate change campaigner of the South Pacific, Tongan Prime Minister (PM), Akilisi Pohiva, aged
78, passed away at Auckland hospital, New Zealand after suffering complications from pneumonia
and liver disease. He was the first prime minister of the South Pacific island nation elected by
parliament rather than appointed by the King.
Former Indonesian president Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie passes away
Former Indonesian President Bacharuddin Jusuf (B.J.) Habibie, who permitted democratic
reforms and an independence referendum for East Timor following the ouster of the dictator
Suharto, has passed away due to cardiac problem. He was 83.
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Photographer Charlie Cole, who took a picture of 'Tank Man' died at the age of 64
Charlie Cole, one of the photographers who took the picture of the famous Tank Man during the
1989 Tiananmen Square protests, has died of sepsis in Bali, Indonesia. He was 64. Born in 1955 in
Bonham, Texas, United States (US), Cole shifted to Japan in 1980. In the year1990, Cole won the
World Press Photo Award for his photo, which became an image of the 1989 pro-democracy
protest.
Former bureaucrat BN Yugandhar, father of Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, passes away in
Hyderabad, Telangana
Microsoft's chief executive officer (CEO) Satya Nadela's father and former bureaucrat BN
Yugandhar has passed away in Hyderabad, Telangana after a brief illness. He was 82. Yugandhar,
a 1962 batch Indian Administration Service (IAS) officer, worked as Secretary in the Union Rural
Development Ministry.
IMPORTANT DAYS
International Literacy Day 2019 observed on September 8
International Literacy Day (ILD) was observed on September 8, 2019, with the theme ‘Literacy
and Multilingualism’. It highlights the importance of literacy or the ability to read and write for
individuals, communities, and societies.
SIWI organised 2019 World water week observed in Stockholm, Sweden
Week-long conference on global water issues, the 2019 World Water Week organised by the
Stockholm International Water Institute(SIWI) was observed in Stockholm, Sweden from 25 to 30
August with the theme “Water for society – Including all”. Dr. Jackie King was awarded the 2019
Stockholm Water Prize Laureate during the conference for her contribution to global river
management.
Himalaya day 2019 celebrated on September 9
Himalaya Day 2019 was observed on September 9. It was celebrated in the Biotech Auditorium of
the Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee. It was first
celebrated in the year 2010.
World Suicide Prevention Day 2019 observed on 10th of September
On September 10, 2019, the annual World Suicide Prevention Day (WSPD) was observed with a
theme “Working Together to Prevent Suicide”. In order to raise awareness and to prevent people
from committing suicide, International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) host this day in
collaboration with global partners World Health Organisation (WHO) and World Federation for
Mental Health (WFMH) every year.
United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation was observed on September 12, 2019
The International Day for South-South Cooperation was observed on 12 September 2019 by
United Nations (UN) aims to raise awareness of the UN’s efforts to work on technical cooperation
among developing countries. The day also celebrates the political, social and economical
developments made by regions and countries in the south in recent years. The theme for the year
2019 is “South-South Cooperation is From Commitment to Action — Follow up to Buenos Aires
Plan of Action+40”. Read full details here: United Nations Day For South-South Cooperation Is
Annually Observed On September 12, 2019
National forest martyrs day observed on September 11, 2019 at the Forest Research Institute
(FRI) in Dehradun, Uttarakhand
To commemorate foresters who had laid their lives to protect nature and wildlife in the remote
corners of the country, National Forest Martyrs’ Day was observed on September 11, 2019, at
Forester Memorial in the Forest Research Institute (FRI) in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
Hindi Diwas observed on September 14 2019
Every year on September 14, Hindi Diwas (hindi day) is observed. This day marks the adoption of
Hindi language (written in Devanagari script) as official language of the nation, under article 343
of the Indian constitution in 1949. Union home minister Shri Amit Shah presented 2019
18 | P a g e
Rajbhasha Gaurav Puraskar and Rajbhasha Kirti Puraskar awards to the chiefs of various
departments, Ministries and other officers for promoting the language.
Engineers Day 2019 observed on September 15
52nd Engineers Day was celebrated in India on September 15, 2019 under the theme
"Engineering for change". It was also celebrated in SriLanka and Tanzania while others countries
celebrate this day on other dates. The day is celebrated to mark the birth anniversary of the
greatest Indian engineer Bharat Ratna (1955) Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (Sir MV).
International Day of Democracy 2019 observed on September 15
The International Day of Democracy was observed on September 15, 2019 under the theme
‘Participation’. The day emphasizes to provide an opportunity to review the state of democracy in
the world and raises awareness about democracy.
STATE NEWS
Hyderabad-Karnataka Regional Development Board renamed as Kalyana –Karnataka Regional
Development Board by Karnataka government
Law Minister of Karnataka, J C Madhuswamy informed that the Government of Karnataka has
approved to rename the Hyderabad-Karnataka Regional Development Board (HKRDB) as Kalyana
Karnataka Regional Development Board. It was announced after the legislators and others from
the region demanded to do away with the colonial-era nomenclature that associated the region
with the erstwhile Nizams of Hyderabad.
Senior Journalist Dilip Satpathy from Cuttack, Odisha passed away
Senior journalist Dilip Satpathy, aged 56, from Cuttack, Odisha passed away. The bone marrow
cancer had relapsed him 3 years ago. He started his career as a reporter in a city-based English
daily and become the Resident Editor of the Bhubaneswar edition of Business Standard.
Anupriya Lakra becomes first Woman Pilot from Odisha's maoist-hit Malkangiri district
Anupriya Lakra, aged 27, a tribal woman from Odisha's Maoist-hit Malkangiri district (tribal area)
has become the first female pilot from the backward region. She will join a private airline as a co-
pilot.
Justice Vikram Nath is the new Chief Justice of Gujarat HC
The Department of Justice in the Union Law Ministry appointed Justice Vikram Nath as the new
Gujarat High Court (HC) Chief Justice succeeding Justice Anant Surendraray Dave who was the
acting chief justice of the Gujarat HC as Gujrat HC had been without a regular chief justice since
November 2018 as the then Chief Justice R S Reddy was elevated to the Supreme Court (SC).
Odia writer Pradeep Dash wins 40th Sarala Puraskar award for 2019
Noted Odia poet Pradeep Dash was selected for the 40th edition of 2019 Sarala Puraskar award
for his poetry work Charu Chibar O Charjya. The award which is the foremost literary honour in
Odisha comprises of a citation with a cash prize of Rs 5 lakh and will be presented on October 26,
2019, by the governor of Odisha Shri Ganeshi Lal.
Actor, cinematographer and director Raja sekar passes away at the age of 61 years in Tamil Nadu
Tamil Film Director, Actor and Cinematographer Raja Sekar passed away due to cardiac arrest in
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, at the age of 61 years. He worked in television Shows. He also populated for
Robert Rajasekar Director Duo.
Telangana CM Chandrashekar Rao presents Rs 1.46 lakh crore annual budget for FY 20
Chief Minister(CM) of Telangana, Shri K Chandrashekar Rao presented the annual budget for
2019-20 of Rs 1.46 lakh crore. The total expenditure in 2019-20 pegged at Rs 1,82,017 crore
(Revenue expenditure: Rs 1,31,629 crore and Capital expenditure: Rs 32,815 crore). Maximum
allocation was made towards Farmers' welfare amounting to Rs. 12,000 crore.
Rajasthan Health minister Raghu Sharma launches a personal website and a mobile app
Health Minister of Rajasthan, Raghu Sharma launched a personal website and a mobile app to stay
connected with the public. Details of the programmes of the minister and other important
information will be updated on the platforms on a real-time basis.
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Happiness department of Madhya Pradesh opens “Time Bank”

The Madhya Pradesh’s Happiness department has planned to set up “Time Bank” that is mutual
exchange of services. In Time bank, The units of time in an hour is valued as currency. It would
provide money for an hour that could be exchanged to acquire a new skill without the need of any
paper money.
Haryana CM Manohar Lal Khattar launched 2 insurance schemes “Mukhyamantri Vyapari
Samuhik Niji Durghatna Beema Yojana” and “Mukhyamantri Vyapari Kshatipurti Beema Yojana”
for traders
The Chief Minister of Haryana Manohar Lal Khattar launched 2 insurance schemes named
“Mukhyamantri Vyapari Samuhik Niji Durghatna Beema Yojana” and “Mukhyamantri Vyapari
Kshatipurti Beema Yojana'” for traders registered under the Haryana Goods and Service Tax
(HGST) Act, 2017. Premium of Rs 38 crore for both the schemes will be paid by the Haryana state
government.
ONGC will invest over Rs. 13,000 crore in Assam to dig oil wells
Indian multinational oil and gas company, ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation ) has signed an
MoU (memorandum of understanding ) with the Assam state government to invest more than Rs.
13,000 crore in the next 5 years to excavate over 220 oil and gas wells in Assam.
Overview of TN CM Palaniswami’s visit to three-nation tour to the US, UK and UAE
The Chief Minister(CM) of Tamil Nadu (TN) KPalaniswami paid a three nation tour of 14 days to
the United States(US), United Kingdom (UK) and United Arab Emirates(UAE) from August 28-
September 10 2019 to attract investment in the state. The tour has fetched total investment worth
Rs 8,830 crore from 41 Memorandum of Understanding(MoU) signed with the three nations and
could provide job opportunities to 37500 people of TN. Read full details here: Overview Of TN CM
Palaniswami’s Visit To Three-Nation Tour To The US, UK And UAE
Meenakshi Madan Rai takes charge as acting CJ of the Sikkim HC
The central government has appointed Justice Meenakshi Madan Rai, senior-most Judge of the
Sikkim High Court, as the acting Chief Justice of the high court by replacing Justice Vijai Kumar
Bist, who retired on September 16, 2019. The appointment has been made by exercising the
powers conferred by Article 223 of the Constitution of India.
Ayushman Bharat Haryana: Income limit raised to Rs 1.8 lakh p.a for PMJAY benefits
The Government of Haryana raised the income limit to Rs 1.8 lakh per annum (p.a) in order to
claim the benefits under Ayushman Bharat- Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (PMJAY) scheme.
People will get a ‘Ayushman Bharat Card’. Under this scheme, eligible beneficiaries can get free
treatment up to Rs 5 lakh at empanelled hospitals.
Renowned writer of Kerala Sivaraman Cheriyanad passed away at the age of 78 years
Writer and author Sivaraman Cheriyanad passed away at the age of 78. Born in Chengannur,
Kerala,in December 13, 1941, Sivaraman initially worked as a school teacher and then started to
write many novels, stories, especially children’s literature. He was honoured with Abu Dhabi
Sakthi Award in 1988, A.P.Kalakkad Award(2009), Kerala Sahitya Akademi scholarship in 1990-
91 for study on the writings of writer Parappuram and also received National Teachers Award in
1989.
Uttarakhand CM Trivendra Singh Rawat launches “Mukhya Mantri Dal Poshit Yojana” in the state
Chief Minister(CM) of UttarakhandshriTrivendra Singh Rawat has launched “MukhyaMantri Dal
PoshitYojana” scheme in which ration card holders will be provided 2kg of pulses at subsidised
price every month in the state. The scheme was launched as part of Prime Minister Narendra
Modi’s vision of healthy India.
20 | P a g e
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BANKING & FINANCE

Finance ministry notifies code of conduct for non-official directors of PSBs

BUSINESS & ECONOMY

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNS

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

First-ever arrested landing of LCA Tejas successfully executed by DRDO, ADA

BOOKS & AUTHORS

Happiness department of Madhya Pradesh opens “Time Bank”

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