Intervals

Major Scale (T T S T T T S)

& œ œ œ œ œ ∑ ∑
œ œ œ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Leading
note

Note the perfect intervals fall on the same scale degrees as the primary chords (I, IV and V)

& œ œœ œœ œ œ œ
œœ œœ œ œ œ
Perfect Major Major Perfect Perfect Major Major Perfect
unison 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th Octave

& b œœ bœœ #œœ bœ bœ bœ

bœœ #œœ œ œ œ
minor Minor Augmented Diminshed Augmented Minor Minor Diminshed
2nd 3rd 4th 5th 5th 6th 7th Octave

Rules for other intervals:

1 - If you raise a major interval by a semitone it becomes augmented

2 - If you lower a major interval by a semitone it becomes minor

3- If you raise perfect interval by a semitone it becomes augmented

4- If you lower a perfect interval by a semitone it becomes diminshed

Therefore the MAJOR 7 is a semitone beneath the octave.

The MINOR 7 is a tone beaneath the octave.

All 7th chords you will come across refer to the Minor 7th interval.

So the chords Dm7, A7 or C#m7b5 all contain the minor 7th interval