3.

The Kingdom of Malacca

The founder of the kingdom of Malacca was Prameswara, a Prince of Majapahit from Blambanga
who fled because of the invasion of Majapahit, then settled in a small village on the west coast of
the peninsula and became a pirate pirate. In a short time the small village became a very good port
city and Prameswara appeared as the most powerful man in Malacca.

The first step taken by Prameswara in his efforts to develop the city of Malacca was to gain
recognition and protection from China. In 1405 Prameswara sent an envoy to the Peking court to
formally request recognition from Emperor Yung-Lo. The envoy was received and then endowed
with the official seal of the Kingdom. Six years later, in 1411. Prameswara paid a return visit to the
Peking palace with 540 accompanists. This visit was welcomed by the Chinese emperor and
strengthened the friendship between China and Malacca, which greatly benefited the Malacca party.

King Prameswara's position is getting stronger and stronger. With assistance from China
Prameswara tried to perfect the port of Malacca, whose construction began in 1405. By 1409 the
port of Malacca had been completed and then emerged as a large airport.

The strategic location of Malacca, which is the main gateway for Southeast Asia, enables Malacca to
dominate trade in countries located in the west, east and north of Malacca.

4. Demak Kingdom

The story of the establishment of the Kingdom of Demak is similar to the story of the establishment
of Majapahit which he replaced. Babad Tanah Jawi tells us that Raden Patah, under the instructions
of Sunan Ampel, opened a forest in Glagah Wangi and that the new city in Glagah Wangi was named
Bintara.

When Prabu Brawijaya learned that actually Raden Patah was his own son from the concubine of
the Chinese princess he presented to Arya Damar, Duke of Palembang, then Raden Patah was
appointed as duke in the Bintara and as a subordinate of Majapahit was obliged to face the prabu
once a year at the Majapahit Palace. Since then the name Bintara has been changed to Demak.

In the history of Java from the ancient Mataram era to the Majapahit era, usually the granting of
land like Demak was accompanied by an inscription. But until now the inscription giving Prabu
Brawijaya land award by Bintu to Raden Patah has not been found yet. Thus the search for the
typonym etymology of the two words "Bintara" and "Demak" has strengthened the Babad Tanah
Jawi's explanation of the history and juridical development of the Demak Kingdom.

The awarding of non-commissioned land and the appointment of Raden Patah as Duke of Bintara
and the awarding of the new name Demak to the new State were seen as the founding of the Islamic
Kingdom of Demak.

Twenty years later, around the 1500s, Raden Patah openly severed his ties with the increasingly
powerless Majapahit. With the help of other areas in East Java, Raden Patah succeeded in knocking
down Majapahit and then moving all the royal ceremonial objects and heirlooms to Majapahit to
Demak. This was used to legalize the kingdom of Demak as a continuation of the Majapahit kingdom
but in a new form as an Islamic kingdom.

5. Cirebon Kingdom
 Since before Demak became an Islamic kingdom there was actually a strong desire to expand
economic power towards the west. Very large rice yields produced by fertile alluvial rendering areas
along the northern coast of Cirebon and Kendal, are additional results that are quite important for
the Demak trade. Demak and Cirebon relations are held with coastal ships. Sea trade in Cirebon
roughly began at the end of the 15th century.

The establishment of the Islamic kingdom in Cirebon is inseparable from the influence of Demak.
Fatahillah Islamized and established an Islamic kingdom in Cirebon also in the name of Raja Demak.
Fatahillah is the brother in law of Sultan Trenggana, for marrying the sister of King Demak.

6. The Kingdom of Banten

The foundation of Islamic power in Banten is Sunan Gunung Jati. In 1525 Sunan Gunung Jati on
behalf of Demak had landed in Banten. According to the Javanese-Banten story when he arrived in
Banten, he immediately succeeded in getting rid of the Sunda Regent there and he also quickly took
power of the government over the port city. Banten was used as the first foundation to Islamize all
of West Java.

Sunan Gunung Jati after mastering Banten and Jayakarta apparently did not try to attack the capital
of Pajajaran. In fact he lived in Banten only until 1552. Because of the death of the Pasarean prince
from Cirebon, then since that year Sunan Gunung Jati moved to Cirebon forever and surrendered
Banten to Hassanuddin, his son.

Hasanuddin continued his father's efforts to expand the Islamic territory. He extended his power to
Lampung and surrounding areas in South Sumatra. Lampung is the main producer of pepper. The
pepper trade made Banten an important airport visited by Chinese, Indian and European vessels.
The Javanese-Banten political and cultural influence in Lampung lasted from the 16th to the 18th
centuries.

Around 1600 Banten reached its heyday and became a trading center. At that time Dutch and
British ships more frequently and regularly stopped at Bandar Banten. It turns out that the arrival of
Westerners is a direct threat to banten. The capture of Jayakarta 1619 by the Dutch was the
beginning of the decline of Banten.

7. Pajang Kingdom

Both the Kandha fiber and the Jawai Tanah Chronicle contain many stories about the founder of the
Pajang Kingdom. When he was a child, he was called Mas Kerebet, because when he was born there
was a wayang beber performance at his home ... in his teens he was named Jaka Tingkir. This young
fighter then served the Demak Palace as an enlisted soldier. Because of his marriage to Princess
Sultan Trenggana he was able to enter the life of the royal family.

After Sultan Demak died in 1546, the young Raja Pajang succeeded in using the chaos that was
raging in the capital to take power. Jaka Tingkir can kill Aria Panangsang from Jipang-Panolan in a
battle between Jipang and Pajang. With the break of the power of Jipang-Panolan, Pajang has since
been recognized by most of the interior of Central Java.

During the reign of the subsequent Mataram kings there was great difficulty in governing. The
Pajang revolt against Mataram during the Sultan Agung government had destroyed Pajang forever.
This rebellion occurred in 1617-1618 and received support from dissatisfied parties in Mataram. As
punishment for the rebellion in the form of not wanting to deposit the rice yield to Mataram, the
rice fields in Pajang were completely burned down by the Mataram army. The farmers were forcibly
appointed to Mataram to build a new palace. After that Pajang no longer meant either political or
economic.

8. Islamic Mataram Kingdom

This kingdom was founded in 1586 in Kotagede, the southeastern part of Yogyakarta. This kingdom
was founded by Sutowijoyo, brother of Prince Benowo. Sutowijoyo had the title of Panembahan
Senopati Ing Alaga Sayidin Panatagama after ascending the throne in 1586. In 1601 Sutowijoyo died
and was succeeded by Mas Jolang, who had the title Panembahan Seda ing Krapyak.

After Raden Mas Jolang died, he was replaced by Duke of Martapura, because he often experienced
pain Duke of Martapura eventually died. Subsequently he was replaced by Raden Mas Rangsang
who held the title Panembahan Hanyakrakusuma, in 1640 he changed his title to Sultan Agung
Hanyakrakusuma, around the 1640s he changed his title again to Sultan Agung Senapati ing Alaga
Ngaburrahman Khalifatullah.

During his reign the authority of the Mataran Islamic Kingdom was very broad. This kingdom is
located in the former area of the Hindu Mataram Kingdom, but the Mataram Kingdom is an Islamic
style kingdom.

Some relics from the kingdom of Islamic mataram, namely the Saka year, kipo cake, silver
handicrafts, kyai gundhil clothing, kalang obong, gates of Kotagede, flat stones, and gendhing
literature by Sultan Agung.