1.

Scientific Management Theory or Classical Management

Theory (Taylor- Manufacturing Sector, Assembly line.

Labor Productivity- Engineering processes, Economic

Efficiency)

2. Social Exchange Theory ( rooted in economic sociology

and phycology) , cost and rewards drive human behavior

and decision making

3. Contingency Theory ( Organizational theory , means that

course of action is dependent upon internal and external

situation)

4. Ability, Motivation Opportunity Theory- Three

independent work systems that shape employee

characteristics and contribute to the success of the

organization- for increased employee performance

5. Theories of Leadership
 a. Trait theory (initiative, emotional stability,

imagination, persuasive power)

b. Situational theory ( Group, problem and the

environment-

c. Behavioral theory ( Effective role behavior,

motivating employees for achieving their goals

6. Human Relations Theory of Management ( Elton Mayo,

Individual attention and recognition)

7. Theories of Motivation

a. Maslow’s need hierarchy theory ( physiological

needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, self-

actualization)

b. Herzberg’s hygiene theory (working conditions,

interpersonal relations, company policy and

administration etc.)
 c. McClelland’s Need theory (Need for Power, Need for

Affiliation etc. )

d. McGregor’s participation Theory ( X and Y )

8. Hofstede's cultural dimensions

Human capital and financial capital , but as Pak country less

resources- Professor at Harvard.

Fredreick Taylor PSM much better product in country.

Last class: work of Greek philosophers (Aristotle Socrates and

Plato), Enlightenment period philosophers, different approaches

to research ( positivism and interpretivism)