11.

к
ш
Conductors)* Insulators) . (AS1)
к !" #$% & ' () * &+. .
к !" ,-./ & ' () * &+ 0
/0 1 :- ш 3 2$ 4&5! *6789': !" ;&+.
234:- <% => .
50 6 1 :- ш 3$
2 4&5! *67 $ !" ;&+.
234:- ?@ ABC, & DE, *FкG H IJ .
70 6 8 1 KL ш 3 2$ ? MNк ' 45! *6789': O !" &" ;&+
2349 LED.

5.. :;< =->?@ A 1BC D EF3G 4 HI JK H 1L A 1BC A 1 MN O;P Q RS? (AS1)

1. .P
Q R ,!S7T =!: U V 43 W X 3 => = OYк 4 х = A[\* ] # ^_ ` ;7$ a
Q ? Y * &+.
2. b cd eк 7f @ ,!Sк ‘ f g’ ;&+.
3. d
FJ к =$ # ^_ кi, &jk ' l94P
3 ` ;m.
4. b cnop l d $% кi, &jk l ! . l ;&+.

4. к qкG !r ./ st& ; !u 2 к9vBw,6 к =$ # ^_ i2 Y ,T = lPvB c ' xк

кi,,T = l9y3 m.

5. # ^_ xк кi,nop z a = l9 l{ $% ‘ Q ’ ;&+.

70 Q ,T Electric Current) . $ ,
Q f| Q 7 {N. (AS1)
Q ,T I)9 xк A}к = к =$ 6$ ,c *6] $% X~•@ € Xш !S,f| $%
Q ;&+
€ Xш,T( )
Q ,T* I W
,T( )
,
Q f| 9 Q >$ 2 SI ,
Q f|,T € vB7E •$$ A w‚ 4Psy3 &+
€ vB7E ƒ к„ „ …†A[к_
1A = 1 C/s.

4. xк к,T = ‡ $ ˆ = ‰Š к„ „ … € Xш t
Q jkA[3 € к,T =$ Q ,T # . AS
J4Z ш KL € ш
X ,T, Q =90 к„ „ …
,T, t = 4 $ ˆ = 4 × 60 A}к = 240 A}к .
Q ,T, I = ?
€ Xш,T( )
Q ,T, I = ,T( )
= = 0.375 A.

[0 \к ] ^;_ R4 /5 к` ` a b ш
c d Eeк f ^g OhiE*jZ b ] ^;_ : Ohi kl A . mAS/)
J4Z ш KL € ш
X ,T, Q = ‹ к„ „ …
,T, t = 4 A}к .

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 1
 Q ,T, I = ?
€ Xш,T( )
Q ,T, I = = = ΠA.
,T( )

6 к,T =$ # ^ $!S"• ш
Y =dX # к к w m. (AS1)
t 7,T = ; !u Ž•./ к,T = # ^ кi,&jk l =` ;m
‹ < t 7,T = ; !u к9vB Ž•./* к, w xк 4, M: Q uniform Electrical Field) &•./ • Y
Πb M: n
Q ‘# ^ $!S"• ш
Y = к Y943 Y

’0 6 ORSmDriftspeed q34 6 c mDrift velocity) 6 ^r st^u¡ vк M4 EF 6 : 34 O;P Q RS¡

4& t{N9 к,T =$ # ^ AB¢& 4! 4!S t{Nw‚ l943 ;m b t{N$ 4& t{N 4& X8

4& t{N, vd = . ;&+

£кG. I W Q ,T
nW# ^_y Q
AW к ,c *6¤ V
¥J
QW ш
X ,T

¦0 fx ^ y Iz {| mPotential difference) 6 ^r st^u¡ 34 M4 I RS¡ (AS1)

fx ^ y Iz {| (v):- ,
Q f| cd XV $% A {N B к l P& к Y9 l{ $ 2 *6AB $$ A, B ,c
?ª $« 7¬ -® ;&+. •$$ ‘v’ w‚ 4Psy3 &+.
$( )
?ª $« 7¬ -® ,v=€ Xш ( )
2. ?ª $« 7¬ -® $% x U $ к„{ ;&+.
M4 :- ?ª $« 7¬ -® $ 2 SI ,
Q f|,T ¯¬(V).
1 ¯¬ = 1 °±¬/к„ …
1V = 1 J/C.

}0 ; !u qкG !r ./ st& ²8к к . t @* ; !u qкG xк st& {N ,!³к st&к ´C € Xш

t
Q jkA*[3 € ; !u v}J °!S'S $ ŠŠJ0 € ; !u qкG ?µ $« 7¬ -®c # . AS/)
J4Z ш :- € ш
X , Q = 5C.
$, W = 100J.
?µ $« 7¬ -®c , V = ?
$( )
?ª $« 7¬ -® ,v=€ ƒ ƒ ‹Š V.
Xш ( )

10. 5 к` ` a b cш 210 V fx ^ y Iz {|• 2 \к € O• RS240 V fx ^ y Iz {|• 2 € O• O G к к >

O ‚ ;PƒP „ …1L† Q RS? (AS6)
J4Z ш :- € ш
X , Q = 5C.
?µ $« 7¬ -®c , V = 240-230 = 30V.
$, W = ?
$( )
?ª $« 7¬ -® ,v=€
Xш ( )

⇒ 30 = ⇒ W = 30 × 5 = 150 °±¬
//0 k4 к (emf) 6 ^r st^u¡ 34 M4 I RS¡ AS
k4 к 9 /0 ,
Q f| cd XV $% T|c¶t,T {N c c¶ $ 2 к 9
Y l{ $ 2 &y 7 *6AB $$
* к (emf) ;&+.

* к emf , =
‹ * к к SI ,
Q f|,T ¯¬ V

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 2
/5.. ] ^;_ A kl Z 3‡? O;P Q RS? (AS1)

] ^;_ klI ˆ4 :- 1. ; !u = !r ./ = Ž к (# ^»R , xк &y 7 ( Y\V¼@•

` ;m.
‹ !r ./ # ^»R , ` {6 Y\V¼@• = &4•& t a!:к Yш = l9 *6 c , T| 7f_
` ;m.
3. ; !u =$ &y 7 t @ ½ xк = Ž к cd ш
X ¾!S ,tŽ • Y. •$$ €d¿R ;&+.
4. cd ш
X 7f_ к t a!:х Yш = À| Xш 7f_ l9 s !r .t кv}J *6&w m. •$$ Á½ R ;&+.
5. Á½ R ,!S7T €d¿R к xк к ²8 к9vB Ž•./ к ²8 !r ./ st& ,c ?µ ;$Â7¬
-® &•./ • .Y
6. b ?µ $« 7¬ ® t @ к ; M: Q &•./ • .Y

/7.. emf , fx ^ y Iz {|34 JlR4 I RS? (AS1)

fx ^‰ y Iz | (v) k4 к (emf)
,
Q f| cd XV $% xк Ã c tŽ {N ,!³к Ã c tŽк 1. ,
Q f| cd XV $% T|c¶t,T {N c c¶ $ 2
к 9
Y l{ $ 2 *6AB $$ ?ª Ä$«7¬ к Y9 l{ $ 2 &y 7 *6AB $$
® ;&+. * к (emf) ;&+.

2. ?ª Ä$«7¬ ® , V= 2. * к emf , =
3. ?ª Ä$«7¬ ® к SI ,
Q f|,T ¯¬ V 3. * к к SI ,
Q f|,T ¯¬
4. •$$ ¯¬ Å E w‚ Æ y3 &+. 4. •$$ ¯¬ Å E w‚ Æ y3 &+.

/d.. Š‹ I JŒ RS? 34 ;PQ >R4 1L •ƒ JŒŽ•F • ˆ4•4 O;P Q RS? (AS3)

ÇÈ $7,f$% ? y3 7$ É
Q 8 ¾&\к,T' $&ÊvB l{ $ 2 t AB !Sк! °ËÃw $
Q AB É
Q 8 $! \ | O d $% 4>7,Tw‚ t!S l {N.

t AB¢&,T $ $&ÊvB l{ $ 2 t AB !Sк! °ËÃw $ Q AB É

Q 8 $! \ | O d $%
4>7,Tw‚ t!S l {N.
AB¢& `ˆµÌ 8i t z к st& ,c ?ª Ä$«7¬ -®c * $ = t
Q jk *6 к =,f ? =
` Í Y $ É
Q 8 ¾&\к,T' O;P Q RS?
Š‹ I :- AB¢& `ˆµÌ 8i t z к st& ,c ?ª Ä$«7¬ -®c , $ = t
Q jk *6 к
=,f ? =` Í .Y
i.e v ∝ i ⇒VƒIR

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 3
 23lGш :- ÇÈ $7,f$% !uMN l .
1 O EF ;Pк; :- 0.5 Å ?ª .tŽ8 £ ²8, Åe E, ¯ fÅ E, ; !u ,!S7T AB\Ï.
; ‘ M4 G ’ :- 1. ,T = lPvB c ' t 7f$% к ? 9.
2. A ,!S7T B , xк £ ²8 ²4 Æ$ $ 8T . t
Q jk *6 (i) ,!S7T ?ª $« 7¬ -® (V)
Æ 9.
3. £ 6 É
Q ' $% ; !u 4 х v} l Ð, *6AB É
Q 8 t к = Ñ *67 {N.

к. ¢ B v^š ;_RS £ 6v¤^š ;_RS £ = EF¥ =R

(V) (i)
1.
2.
3.
4.

4. v}J к {N t AB¢&,T $ , 8,$ ltl ].

5. ' = R (AB¢&,T) ⇒ v = iR.

6. ÇÈ $7, 4!SlP. {N .Y

/[.. \к “ ;< >” •O fx ^ y Iz {| Vb“ : Ohi kl I к – 3‡ • ,!S7T

&" ƒ —• ƒ_I RS. b ƒ —• b1 A 2 ^g 3‡? (AS5)

6 a ‹‹Š V ?ª $« 7¬ -®c xк ¬D к к {N ` Y ¬D ÒÓ no Ô qкG $!Õc,T ‹ŠŠ Ω mw6* ¬D

8T { t
Q jk *6 Q ,T # . AS/)
b)0 ‹‹Š V ?ª $« 7¬ -®c xк # iÖк¬ j× E к к {N ` Y j× E qкG $!Õc,T ŠŠ Ω mw6* j× E 8T {
t
Q jk *6 Q ,T # . AS/)
a). ?ª $« 7¬ -® , Vƒ ‹‹Š V.
$!Õc,T, R = ‹ŠŠ Ω
Q ,T, I ƒ ?

VƒIR ⇒ I = = ƒ Š ¦ A

b ?ª $« 7¬ -® , Vƒ ‹‹Š V.
$!Õc,T, R = ŠŠ Ω
Q ,T, I ƒ ?

VƒIR ⇒ I = = ƒ ‹ ‹ Ω
17. \к ^]š› …œ• zž 5V fx ^ y Iz 2 ] ^;_1L к RS 2 3‡0 zž R4 Ÿ05A OhiE*jZ zž к† ;¡•
J4Z ш :- ?ª $« 7¬ -® , V = 2V. A . mAS/)
Q ,T, I = 0.2 A.
$!Õc,T, R = ?

VƒIR ⇒ R = = ƒ =10 Ω
.

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 4
18. ÇÈ $7,,T €O & '
18. !" t!uÚк!S l {N. AS
ÇÈ $7, €O & ' !" !r ./ & ' t!uÚк!S ltl ]. ,
ŠvI 34;8 :- ÇÈ $7,f$% ? *6 !" ÇÅ7 !" ;&+.
234:- => .
6ŠvI 34;8 :- ÇÈ $7,f$% ? l$ !" ÇÅ7 !" ;&+.
234:- LED0 &"

/90 ¦кš \к “ 0 ¢zB v^š0 6v¤^š 2 •ƒP • klEF • JK ¢ B q= O XL6§ •eœ •

O YL6§ •eœ “ 1¨ ƒ —• ƒ_© >”0 ^ : ƒ —• 6 ;P • 1L 3‡ ш к ˆ4 I RS¡ mAS‡
a “ к “ s кª«¬ 3‡¡
b “ к† ;¡• A ¡
c “ 1- • 5ŸV fx ^ y Iz 2 ^r b “ ® 8¯ A ¡
d •eœ ƒ —• Ž 34ƒP 2 I s3‡¡

a. ÇÅ7 к,T.

b. $!Õc,T, R = = .
= 50 Ω. Ã c tŽ t z d¥Jd ²4 Æ tl ]
c. y ,&" Ý ,P = V × I = 20 × 0.4 = 8 W
d. ÇÈ $7,,T ( = AB¢&,T)

20 $!Õcк Resistor) .
;¡•к :- к =# ^ _ l d $% $!ÕOY *6 O !" $% $!Õcк ;&+.

5/.. Å ш!u& $!Õc 1,00,000Ω m Å&+ 12V ; !u$ ,T Íк % Ž•./ Å ш!u& 8T { t

Q jk *6 Q
# ? (AS7)
J4Z ш : - ?ª • $« 7¬ -®c * V=12V
$!Õc,T0 R = 1, 00,000Ω
Q ,T0 I =?
ÇÈ $7, {N, I = = = 0.00012 € vB7E .
, ,

22.. A 1LB± ² ±( ³ ) 6 ^r st^u? ´3‡ A – Z 3‡? (AS1)

³ :- 1. ,f t ш!u& xк $!Õc,T f $*643 .Y
2. , ш!u&,T 8T { 0.001 € к!r Ô t
Q jk s Ž•./ € -
Q ; $% , 8T!S3 l8 .
3. 0.0024A к!r Ô , ш!u& = 2 t
Q jkA[3 ш!u& =$ c t7 $&\jk *6 к € к к 8T • .Y
‡ £ f€ к к 8.n‘ ßf .

‹Œ ,f t ш!u& v}J ßf -
Q ; t!S l {N.
,f t ш!u& v}J ßf -
Q ; KL
кi. 4 Q (€ vB7E =) ш!u& v}J -
Q ;t
1 0.001 -
Q ; $% 8T!S3 l8 .
2 0.005 dàvB•$ к9'S43 Y.
3 0.010 к .! 4 »sy3 m.
4 0.015 к .! Í \ F Da Í Y.
5 0.070 1 A}к к #к Gt 4,7 8T {6 \! t
Q jkA[3 4•¶ » =•w &+.

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 5
‹‡ OYк Ç U ²8v}J $ l % MN 2 ßf # к к 8 .
1. к!r Í 43 -; v}J 4,f & ' ` % !r ./ ²8 , 240V ?ª $« 7¬ -® ` Í Y.
2. b !r {N , FJd !Sк! $% к9vBw6 Y Q >$% ?ª • .Y
3. Q >$% ?ª , b !r ./ ²8 к { 9.
4. OYк Ç U ²8v}J $ l % MN x : ²8 v}J $ {N ` % ?ª $« 7¬ c
® . Q °&+8 .
5. к к OYк Ç U ²8v}J $ l % MN 2 ßf к 8 .

5[.. к ;¡ 2²µ¶ •eœ bˆ4 >” · „ ¸ ;_¹S®Z O•? (AS1)

1. xк ¬D ²4 Æ$ ,á Å E 4>7 w‚ $ $!Õc,T Æ9s, d¿Ô TC = € t Ñ
*67t I
2. ¬D qкG !r ./ st& xк ; !u 2 к9vB 5 $ ˆ ? Í ¬D 8T { vB lt I .
3. £ Ž•./ €vB A
X B ¬D qкG $!Õ $% ,á Å E 4>7 w‚ ,& Æ 9
‡ ¬D qкG $!Õc,T v}&8. , ,T 8,$y3 ,T.
5. ' к,T qкG $!Õc,T `ˆµ 8i v}J €O & ./ • .Y

‹â. к $!Õc € к &" v}J €O & {N ` Í $ É

Q 8 ¾&\к,T' t!S l {N?
23lGш :- к $!Õc € к &" v}J €O & {N ` Í $ É
Q 8 ¾&\к,T' !uMN l .
1 O EF ;Pк; :- ; !u, Åe E, Ö ,!S7T 4,f ?ª .tŽ0 ,c *6]c ¥JV 8 c => w‚ *67 {N
²8 .
; ‘ M4 G ’ :- 1. ,T = lPvB c,T' ; !u, Åe E V¼i|ã z a = к ? 9.
2. P ,!S7T Q ,c d
FJ xк = Ž ²8 к ? 9.

3. Ö 4>7 w‚ t 7 = t
Q jk °:A,B Åe E !u{N å d¿Ô *67f9.
4. 'S9 = Ž ²8 w‚ b к¶w $% $&\jk s0 ²
Q 4 c&æ = Åe E !u{N å d¿Ô *67f9.
5. ?µ $« 7¬ -®co AB¢& ' ` % • 2 Q t c = Ž ²8 к c& ' ` .. ,
8,$y3 ,T

5º.. EF¥ 2²µ¶ , EF¥ kl›• ¸œ© к ;¡• , 34 fx >O•к 6 : f : 2 ^g „ ¸

;_¹S®Z O•? (AS1)
23lGш :- AB¢& `ˆµ 8i t z ,
Q f| ,c *6]c V
¥J 8 к $!Õc , $ ?ª .tŽк =,f ? =
` Í $ !uMN l .
1 O EF ;Pк; :- ; !u, Åe E, Ö ,!S7T c ?ª .tŽ 8 $ i»È w‚ 7f&+ *67 {N ²8 .
; ‘ M4 G ’ :-
1. ,T = lPvB c,T' ; !u, Åe E V¼|
i ã z a = к ? 9.
2. P ,!S7T Q ,c 10cm ?ª .tŽ 8 $ i»È ²8 к ? 9.
3. Ö 4>7 w‚ t 7 = t
Q jk °:A,B Åe E !u{N å (I1) d¿Ô *67f9.
4. &+ 20 cm ?µ .tŽ 8 $ iÆÈ ²8 PQ , ` s t
Q jk °:A,B Å E !u{N å (I2) '
8T!S3 * 9.
5. v}J !Sç {N к qкG?ª .tŽ v}!S'S Ž•./ $ $!Õc,T к„{ v}&+8T • $,
8,$ ltl ].

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 6
‹¦. к $!Õc,T к ,c *6]c V
¥J f$ 2 =,f ? =` Í $ $&ÊvB *6 É
Q 8 O ,T Q 7 {N¡
23lGш :- к $!Õc,T к ,c *6]c ¥JV f $ 2 =,f ? =` Í $ !uMN l .
1 O EF ;Pк; :- ; !u, Åe E, Ö ,!S7T x : ?ª .tŽ c ,c *6]c ¥JV 8 £ ²8 .
; ‘ M4 G ’ :-

1. ,T = lPvB c,T' ; !u, Åe E V¼|

i ã z a = к ? 9.
2. P ,!S7T Q ,c d
FJ xк = Ž ²8 к ? 9.
3. Ö 4>7 w‚ t 7 = t
Q jk °:A,B Åe E !u{N å d¿Ô *67f9.
4. 'S9 = Ž ²8 w‚ b к¶w $% $&\jk s0 ²
Q 4 c&æ = Åe E !u{N å d¿Ô *67f9.
5. £ к{Nè ,c *6]c V
¥J v}&+8T • % Æ z • = Q >,T к„{ v}&8.,T 8,$ ltl ]
â v}J !Sç {N к $!Õc,T к ,c *6]c ¥JV f $ 2 =,f ? =` Í $ *F •tl ].

!
5}.. R = ρ" 2J4»3‡ Q RS? (AS1)
к ?ª .tŽ l к ,!S7T $ ,c *6]c V
¥J f $ A) 2 ,c 4 ( O $% ! {N.
1. к,T qкG $!Õc,T $ ?ª .tŽк =,f ? =` Í .Y i.e., R∝# …… (1)
2. к,T qкG $!Õc,T $ , *6]c ¥JV f $ 2 =,f ? =` Í .Y i.e., R ∝$ …… (2)
%
3. (1) ,!S7T (2) 4Åк&| {N, R ∝
$
%
⟹ R = ρ$
‡ £кG.‘ρ’ Y ? AB¢! к,T. •$dX é• $!Õc,T ;&+.
´ é• $!ÕO $ 2 SI Q f|,T ΩLm ÇÈLÅ E
,

7Ÿ.. 1 v fx >O•, 0.1t.v ® 8 к ;¡• 100 Ω 6¼ 3½ ;¡•к A ? (AS1)

J4Z ш :- l = 1m, r = 0.1 mm= 1000mm, R= 100Ω
é• $!Õc,T , ρ = ?
к,T qкG ,c *6]c ¥JV , A= Π r2 = 3.14 x (0.1)2 = 0.0314

% × . ' (
é• $!Õc,T , ρ = $
= = 0.00314 = 3.14 x 10-6 Ohm-meter.

Œ Ω $!Õc ` % Y
xк Å E ?ª .tŽ ` % ,f 8<g ²8к ¦Ω ,c *6]c V
¥J ` %´Å E ,f 8<g ²8
$!Õc # . AS
J4Z ш :- l1 ƒ Å E R ƒ ¦Ω
l2 ƒ ´ Å E R‹ ƒ ¡
%) ) × %* , ×
)
ƒ
%*
⇒ R‹ ƒ
%)
ƒ ƒ ‡Š Ω
*

750 xк Å Å ,c *6]c ` % ,f 8<g ²8к ‹ Ω $!Õc ` Y ?ª .tŽ ` % ‡ Å Å ,c *6]c ` %

,f 8<g ²8 $!Õc # . AS/)
J4Z ш :- R ƒ ‹Ω A1 ƒ Å Å
R ƒ ¡ A2 ƒ ‡ Å Å
-*
)
ƒ
* -)

) × -) ×
⇒ R‹ ƒ
-*
ƒ (
ƒŒΩ

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 7
77.. :¾¿ ÀF ª« • I ;_1L ^ £ B D •ƒP®Z Á. A к ? (AS2)
¬D ÒB9no Ô = 7f!u = å 4_ ` É'Sy3 &+. &|,T,
1. $ 28 OYк $!Õc,T.
2. OYк ê
Q (t y¢
3. OYк `ˆµÌ 8i $!Õc 8T|к,T к9'S ` .. .

7d0 к ‘ (Conductivity) ‘• Q RS?

к ‘ σ):- é• $!Õc
(σ =,f$% к \,T ;&+. •$$ ‘σ’ 8T&+3w‚ 4Psy3 &+.

7[.. >” ;¡ˆ4 ©ÂMà : кŽ•F •»>”, ^u —Ž ;¡ˆ4 2J4»ˆ‡ Q RS? (AS1)

1. ,T = lPvB c,T' , ,-./ $!ÕO V¼i|ã 4 O = к ? 9.

2. ÇÈ $7, {N, V1 = I R1, V2 = I R2 ,!S7T V3 = I R3
3. $!ÕO V¼i|ã 4 O =к {N `d %m. к к, V = V1 + V2 + V3
4. V1, V2 ,!S7T V3 t a
Q M:vB l' ,I R = I R1 + I R2 + I R3
I R = I (R1 + R2 + R3)
5. R = R1 + R2 + R3
6. ' $!ÕO V¼i|ã 4 O = к9vB Ž•./, 59 $!Õc Ž t {N {N $!ÕO Hw3 $ 2 4,f .

7Ä.. >” ;¡ˆ4 ƒ кŽ•F •»>”, ^u —Ž ;¡ˆ4 2J4»ˆ‡ Q RS? (AS1)

1. ,T = lPvB c,T' , ,-./ $!ÕO 4,f & 4 O = к ? 9.

2. ÇÈ $7, {N, I1= , I2 = ,!S7T I3 = .

), * .

3. $!ÕO 4,f & 4 O = к {N `d %m. к к,, I = I1 + I2 + I3

4. I1, I2 ,!S7T I3 t a
Q M:vB l' , = + + ⇒ V ( ) =V ( + + )
) * . ) * .
) * .
5. = + + ⟹ R=
) * . ) */ * ./ . )

6. ' $!ÕO 4,f &4 c = к9vB Ž•./, 59 $!Õc Ž t¶ G, t {N {N $!ÕO

t¶ G,f Hw3 $ 2 4,f .

7º.. 1 š к ^r EF ‘š • к 6¼•4, “ ƒ 1 š >”J4 A к ? (AS1)

1. Eк AB \E , s к md , AB \E к E c& * к Gt.
2. t @ ²8' E .w ,T.

7Å.. 1 Á hÆ@ …œ•Ç ©ÂMà ˆ4 :к •J4; qк ƒ к •J4; ? A к ? (AS2)

1. &+ jëR IJÔÂ # @ Ž•./ 4,f &4 O =dX к Žw &+.
2. &|,T t 7 =# d
FJ xк IJÔ $*67к ?ª md 'S9 IJÔÂ = 2 4&5! tŽ • .Y

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 8
7}.. 30 Ω ;¡• >” ;¡ˆ4 „ È 2 6 к 34 .´ RS ^u RS A 1 ;¡ˆ4 fx .
^u1L – ˆ‡ • ^] ƒ_I RS? (AS2)
1. V¼i|ã 4 O = к9vB Ž•./ :- 59 $!Õc,T, R = 90 Ω.
R = R1 + R2 + R3 = 30+30+30 = 90Ω.

2. 4,f &4 O = к9vB Ž•./:- 59 $!Õc,T, R = 10 Ω.

/ / '
= + + = + + = = =
) * . ' ' ' ' '

= ⇒ R = 10 Ω.

3. !r ./ $!ÕO V¼i|ã =, ,!³к 4,f & ' к9vB Ž•./KL 59 $!Õc,T, R = 20 Ω.

'/ (
= + =' + ' =' +1 = =1 =
) * / . /' 1

= ⇒ R = 20 Ω.

4. ;< >” ;¡ˆ4 ƒ, ;¡к^u ©ÂMà ˆ4 : кŽ•F •»>”:- 59 $!Õc 0 R = 45 Ω.

* . ' × ' 2
R= R1 + ( ) = 30 + ( ) = 30 + = 30+15 = 45Ω.
* / . ' / ' 1

dŸ.. ´ >‚ : ;Pк; ƒ A к к •J4 Á? ©ÂMà : кŽ•FJl st Á · 3‡? (AS2)

34 O кŽƒÉ {] :-
1. £ .@ = # d
FJ xк !Sк& $*67к ?µ md 'S9 !Sк! = 4&5! tŽ • .Y
2. <% !Sк! к x : ?ª $« 7¬ -® ` % 4&5! tŽ • .Y

©ÂMà ˆ4 O ‚ кŽƒÉ ²B :-
1. V¼|
i ã4 O =к . t @ !Sк! $!Õc,T v}&+8T • .Y
‹ V¼i|ã 4 O = !Sк! к9vB Ž•./, FJd xк !Sк& $*67к?µ w6 <% !Sк ! к
4&5! .

d/.. ´ >‚ : ;Pк; A к ©ÂMÃ : к ? (AS1)

£ .@ = !Sк! V¼i|ã = к ,T # к ',
1. V¼|
i ã4 O = !Sк! к9vB Ž•./, FJd xк !Sк& $*67к?µ w6 <% !Sк ! к
4&5! .
2. к к £ .@ = !Sк! к V¼i|ã 4 O 4!rì Y .
3. к к ´ >‚ : ;Pк; # @ Ž•./ 4,f &4 O =dX к ? 9.

d5.. 1L; ›Ê I JŒŽ•F, 234 M JK O;P Q RS? (AS1)

1L; ›Ë I 9 xк t 7 = Æ$% ; !u , Æ$% $!ÕO c ' к9vBd , $$ 8T!S s
t' *64 »t{ $ 2 !r ./ 4&ínop $7,f ` É8 .w m.
2. dX 2! ]î $7,f ;&+.
/0 §_ I :L t 7o = Q () {6 ° ï_ t z d¥d
J , € ° ï_ *6!: Q >
H 3 , € °oï_ ê{N?µ mð Q > Hw3 $ 2 4,f .
' , I1 + I4 + I6 = I2 + I3 + I5.

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 9
 `Ë I :- 1. xк ,-AB t 7 =$ c !Sк! !r ./ st& ,c ?ª $« 7¬ -®O = v}&+8T ,
8TÚ ñò7 H 3 ó .

2. ACDBA „î , – V2 + I2R2 – I1R1 + V1 = 0.

3. EFDCE „î , – (I1 + I2)R3 – I1R1 + V1 = 0.
4. EFBAE „î , – (I1 + I2)R3 – I1R1 + V1 = 0.

8,$кKL 1L; ›Ê Ì ^u I 1L; ›Ê к;< • I (KCL) 6 ;< >O I 1L; ›Ê \ B q= I (KVL)

6 к`R4 6 ^] Á0.

„î $7,T Q &,T t 7f = ` mô'S *6 ÎÍ 34I :-

; !u c c¶t {N T|c¶t ¥J Ž к • % Ž•./ *¤ к emf) T| eк,T'
²4 » 9
‹ ; !u T|c¶t {N c c¶t ¥J Ž к • % Ž•./ *¤ к emf) cd eк,T'
²4 » 9
Œ Q ш
Y = $!Õc \! к Y Ž•./ $v}J ?ª $« 7¬ -®c T| eк,T' ²4 » 9
‡ Q ш
Y к t a!:х Yш = $!Õc \! к Y Ž•./ $v}J ?ª $« 7¬ -®c cd eк,T'
²4 » 9

d7.. ^ :, B O G fx ^ y Iz Ï 6¼ A O G fx ^ y Iz A ? (ASÄ)
(AS )
2! ]õ $7, Q & , VA –(1 × 5) -2 = VB
⇒ VA -5-2 = 0
⇒ VA – 7 = 0
⇒ VA = 7V.

dd.. i2 Y ,T 8,$ s, ш
Q % к 4,fO £t\ {N? (ASÄ)
(AS )
1. 3, 4 $!ÕO V¼i|ã = `d %7f?
2. 1, 2 $!ÕO V¼i|ã = `d %7f?
3. d
FJ $!Õc w‚ ; !u V¼i|ã 4 O =` ?
4. $!Õc 3 v}J ?ª $« 7¬ -® # ?
5. $!Õc 1 v}J ?ª $« 7¬ -®c 6V m t 7 = 59 emf # ?

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 10
 t 7f$% &" *64 »{ $ 2 к„ nop c,T' 'u7' i2 Y t 7 t43 .Y

i tŽ . &|,T !r {N 8T { x : i‹ t
Q jk43 Y
ii). . &|,T !r {N 8T { t
Q jk *6 i ,!S7T i &
X + &
X +' `d %m
iii). ; !uw‚ xк t $!Õc,T V¼i|ã = ` .Y &|,T ; !u {N ts]
t $!Õc,T8T { ts] $!ÕO $ 2 4,f ,T
iv). $!Õc 3 v}J ?ª $« 7¬ ®c = 6 V
O MKL V3 + 8 = 14 ⇒ V3 = 14 L¦ ƒ âV

v). 59 emf ƒ V1 + V2 = 6+14 = 20V.

d[0 xк t 7f$% ,T = lP . °!S'S Y t 7,T = t
Q jk *6 Q ,T # . ASâ

t 7f$% &" *64 »{ $ 2 к„ nop c,T' 'u7' i2 Y t 7 t43 .Y

t 7,T = R2 ,!S7T R 3 V¼|
i ã = `d %m.к к H 3 $!Õc,T = R2 + R3
= 30+30
60 = Ω
R2 ,!S7T R 3 59 $!Õc,T R1 w‚ 4,f & 4 O ,T = к .
/ '
59 $!Õc,T, =1 +' = =1 = ⇒ R = 20 Ω
1

∴ t 7,T =$ Q ,T, I = = = 0.1 A

dÄ.. 100W, 220W ;PI 60W, 220W ;< >” zž 2•4 ¼. 3l ;¡• Aк †O? (AS1)
4* 4*
1. P = ⟹R= $ , к wF 4
5

4* ( )* (,(
2. Ì ^u zž :- R = = = = 484Ω.
5

4* ( )* (,(
3. ;< >O zž :- R = = = = 806.6Ω.
5 1 1

4. H ¬D к !r .t ¬D к OYк $!Õc,T ` Í .Y

100Ω ;¡•
‡º.. 100Ω sк;_’ к к;Pƒ,P Ì ^u к fx >O•к ;<^uB • fx >O• 34 ƒ ;P 3‡. 1¨ Z ƒ
I ;<Ð к ;¡• A ? (AS7)
J4Z ш : - R1 = 100Ω l1 = ‘l’ ( к ,T)
R2= ? l2 = 2l

) 6* 6*
= 6)*⟹ = ⟹ = ( ⟹ R2 = 400Ω.
* * * ( 6)* *

dÅ0 12- ¢zB ] ^;_ RS 1.5 b •FIš 2 ^ f ^g \к ;Pк : OhiE0jZ 34 •eœ ;PƒP
…1L† Q RS¡ (ASâ
J4Z ш : - ?ª $« 7¬ -®c , V =12V.
Q ,T, I = 1.5 A.
,T, t = 2 8 .
°!S'S $, W = ?
$, W = VIt = 12 x 1.5 x 2 = 36 Wh

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 11
d}.. 1KWH O ÑÒÓ : JŒ RS? (AS1)
5
1KWH = 3.6 x 10 Joules.

[Ÿ.. \к ´ ^u : >” ž , ;< >” Ô D , \к ^‰Ž D >” ·•4 Á. “ zž 40W , ^‰Ž D 60W ;PI
Ô D 80W •ƒP Z •4 ¼0 Á “ zž [ ^ * “Ô /5 ^ * ^‰Ž D [
^ kÕ •» “ ;¡Ö •ƒP Z •4 Á0 \к I • к 3 × kÕ •» k4šØ E
c jZ 30 ;¡Ö ‚ : klŽ‚ k4ŽÇ
®x ¤A ? (AS7)
7 ('× ( × )/ ( × , × )/ ( × 1 × )] × '
30 !Õö = $É'S s H 3 = Watts

(1 / 2 /' ) × '
=
, × '
=
, × '
=
= 84.6 Watts

xк 7-$Ô k4!S÷ = Rs. 3.00/-

∴ 84.6 Watts к *F9@ * AB yµ ,Te = 84.6 x 3 = Rs. 253.8/-

[/.. £ = 2 t*6] к!r Ô ÇtE =R t. 8T!S s t!S l {N? (AS1)

ŠOš :@9 , £ = {6 к 5A-20A ,!S7T 240V ?ª $« 7¬ -® ` Í .Y
‹ , ,T к$• ' 5A ,!S7T 8!S• ' 20A $É'S l »tl ].
Œ , ,T 20 кd % к Gt ` É'S l к ,£ =$ t 7 ;' {
X 6 2G , &•{6
t ш ` .Y
4. •$dX ÇtE =R $ ;&+.

[5.. £ .@ = 5¾ ö # к ./w ,T? (AS1)

ÇtE =R t к9': ,
Q f $% $ !S l.$ 2 , £ =$ t 7 = 5¾ U ` É'Sy3 ,T.
‹ 5¾ U dX Y a к Gt ê
Q (t y¢ к9'S xк 4 %$ ²8.
Œ 5¾ U 8T { t
Q jk *6 20A sw6 € 4 %$ ²8 {
X 6 2G к!S'S?µ • .Y
‡ Ž•./ £ =$ H 3 t 7 =$ Q €'S?µ • .Y
5. t @ ÇtE =R &| ' £ =$ y cd к ,
Q f °&8к { ` Í .Y

[7.. ´ >‚ : Rl • ;Pк; f >Oк R4 1 f >> :O I : ÙÖf A 6Ú 3‡®Z O•? (AS6)

AS6)
ÇtE =R t к9': ,
Q f $% $ !S l.$ 2 , £ =$ t 7 = 5¾ U ` É'Sy3 ,T.
‹ 5¾ U dX Y a к Gt ê
Q (t y¢ к9'S xк 4 %$ ²8.
Œ 5¾ U 8T { t
Q jk *6 20A sw6 € 4 %$ ²8 {
X 6 2G к!S'S?µ • .Y
‡ Ž•./ £ =$ H 3 t 7 =$ Q €'S?µ • .Y
5. t @ ÇtE =R &| ' £ =$ y cd к ,
Q f °&8к { ` Í .Y
6. к к ´ >‚ : Rl • ;Pк; f >Oк R4 1 f >> :O I : ÙÖf ø Yy3 .

[d.. ßT t 7 Short Circuit) . AS

³ O I :- v} z H 3 = €кABeк,T' !Sк! = 2 t
Q jk l{ $% ßTt 7 ;&+.

[[0 ² šB Ü Á†•m ³ O I ) O ´ ^u : O I 0 ® ••4 A к f >O•J4¼¡ AS

1. ßTt 7 &•{N Ž•./, OYк H 3 ,T = £ =$ t 7 , y cd = Q Xé s OYк H 3 ,T =
`•Ì ,T ./ tŽ • .Y
2.b `•Ì ,T t 8¶ ù к&| ,!S7T t 7f 9?µ m ? .tŽw m.
Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 12
[Ä.. A. \к 30 Ω ] ^;_ “ 1¨ , fx ^ y Iz {|34 1¨ O RS. b ] ^;_ A3Œœ•4 O I : 2 •, fx ^ y Iz {|34
1¨ O RS. v ;_RS : sª«¬•4 JlR4 2 34? A к ? (AS4)
B. zž RS RSƒ 2 •»>” ÝBv^š HI JK 34 ;¡34 1¨ O RS. Þ zž 12 V ] ^;_, EF‘ß ©ÂMÃ :
кŽ•F, EF‘ß bD klI RS. “ 30 Eeк ‚ к \к® ;P zž к† ;¡ˆ4 1¨ O RS. ;<Ð ^uB к ƒ_• 34 : N
klI RS. •eœ ;P¦ RS st ;8 ;P®Z Á? (AS4)
A. ; !u qкG ?ª $« 7¬ -® = cnop ,f&+• ` . .
B. ¬D qкG `ˆµÌ 8i v}!'
S S Ž•./ $ $!Õc,T к„{ v}&+8T • .Y

[º.. A, B 6•c ;< >” ;¡ˆ4 ] ^;_JK ©ÂMà : к RS 2•4 ¼. $!Õc v}J ?ª $« 7¬ -® Æ t{ $ 2 ¯¬ Å E ` .Y
b 4 c! æ$% t!S *6 ,T 'u7 {N? (AS5)

€• ] ±
1. O !" mw6 , 8T { 4&5! *678 8Tw É, € !" 1 ;&+.
2. O !" mw6 , 8T { 4&5! *67 ¯, € !" $% •к 6 к ;&+.
3. => t = OYк 4 х ú ` {6 A[\* ] # ^ ^uà $ ;&+.
4. xк A[к_ = к =$ 6$ ,c *6]O $% ¥~•û € ш
X !S,f| $% ;&+.
5. Q >$ 2 SI ,
Q f|,T b •FIš. •$$ A w‚ 4Psy3 &+.
6. Q >$% Æ t{ $ 2 6v¤^š ` q'Sy3 &+.
7. 1€ vB7E = 1 к` a/EeкD. (1A = 1C/s)
8. к =$ # ^ AB¢& 4! 4!S t{Nw‚ l943 % @ Í' -; y3 ,T. b t{N$ 6 ORS RSáB ORS ;&+.
9. # ^_ € ш
X !S,f| , q = 1.602 x 10-19C.
10. ! 'S Copper qкG € Xш y Q , n= 8.5x 1028 m-3.
11. к€ ш
X v}J *6AB $$ fx ^ y Iz {|• ;&+.
12. ?ª $« 7¬ -®O $ 2 SI ,
Q f|,T ŠzB .
13. ?ª $« 7¬ -®O $% Š B q= $ к„{ ;&+.
14. 1 Ǭ = 1 Ñz/к` a. (1V=1 J/C).
15. к cd V
X $% ý| ¶t {N c ¶ $ 2 к Y9 l{ $ 2 &y 7 *6AB $$ k4› к (emf)
;&+.
16. ?ª $« 7¬ -®c emf Æ t{ $ 2 ŠzB v^š ` É'Sy3 &+.
17. 6v¤^š # @ Ž•./ t 7 = V¼i|4
ã O = к ? 9.
18. Š B v^š # @ Ž•./ t 7 = 4,f &4 O = к ? 9.
19. $!ÕO $ 2 SI , Ω’ 8T&+3w‚ 4Psy3 &+.
Q f|,T Š‹. •$$ ‘Ω
Ω=1V/A)
20. 1 ÇÈ= 1 ¢zB /b •FIš(1Ω
21. ÇÈ $7,f$% ? *6 !" ŠvI 1 ;&+. (` :- => )
22. ÇÈ $7,f$% ? l$ 6 ŠvI 1 ;&+.( ` :- LED)
23. к =# ^ _ l d $ 2 к9': € к,T € к ;¡• ;&+.
24. # ^ _ l d $% $!ÕOY *6 O !" $% ;¡•к ;&+.

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 13
25. ,f t ш!u& = d
¥J !r ./ t7 , ?ª $« 7¬ -®c ` % Ž•./ , ³J4 1L tŽw ,T.
26. ?ª $« 7¬ -®c , Q ,!S7T ш!u& $!ÕO 59 -
Q ;tn‘ ³ .
27. âÜB ;¡• O &" 4\-;t ,!S7T `ˆµ 8i Å €O & {N ` Í .Y
28. Q f|,T Ω-m(Š‹ v^š).
é• $!ÕO $ 2 SI ,
29. é• $!Õc =,f$% к ‘ σ’ w‚ 4Psy3 &+.
;&+. •$$ ‘σ
30. O !" é• $!Õc кJ4‘ wF Ž • .Y
31. ¬D =$ ÒB no Ô ^ £ ÜBD w‚ 7f&+ *6y3 &+.
32. ©ÂMÃ ˆ4 : к9vB $!ÕO t @ &•{6 59 $!Õc , {N {N $!ÕO Hw3 $ 2 4,f .(i.e R=R1+R2+R3)
33. y ,&" Ý $É' $% wF97°:7{ $ 2 1L : •mKW) dX ,
Q f| $% ./w &+.
34. 1KW=1000W=100 J/s.
35. 1KWH= 3.6x106 J.
36. ÇtE =R t @ к9': ,Q f $% $ !S l{ $ 2 , £ .@ =$ t 7 = Ù =(Fuse) $ ` É'Sy3 ,T.
37. Q , ?ª $« 7¬ ®O " ;$% ® 8¯ ;&+. •$ SI ,
Q f| •(W).
38. y ,&" Ý ,!S7T f " ;$% Q›1LZ ;&+. •$ 2 ,
Q f| W-s ,!S7T KWH.
39. к ?ª .tŽ, к ,c *6]c ¥JV 8 к $!ÕO $% к ;¡•к âÜB ;¡• ;&+.
40. !r ./ 8T { x : t
Q jkA,[3 € !r ./ ©ÂMÃ : `d %m ;&+.
41. к ;¡•к O &" 4\-;t , ?ª .tŽ ,!S7T ,c *6]c ¥Jш v}J € & {N ` Í .Y
42. $!Õc ,Ç U ,!S7T к!r Ô Æ9*6 xк y c ÝB v^š.

Prepared by:-
by:- Gali Sreekar M.Sc Maths, M.Sc Physics, B.Ed. Chirala mandal, Prakasam District. 14