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    Guidance on Fault tolerant DC Power system

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    13 views6 pages

    Fault Tolerant DC Power Systems

    Uploaded by

    sagger09
    Guidance on Fault tolerant DC Power system

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    2) United States Patent (10) Patent No: US 8,629,644 B2 Rozman et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 14, 2014 (ss) FAULT TOLERANT DC POWER SYSTEMS Gass m2 sa08 Dagan sao (75) Inventors: Gregory I, Rozman, Rockford, IL (US) aes too a i a67 Che 36581 Serna nee apace 27a Mis Oe ee imtoo Ee aetna ee etme peed 7688 568 82" 2010 Pande a (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis tae eemee fame patent is extended or adjusted under 35, Tha6004 B2 62010. Roum eal USC. 184(b) by 322 days 7876073 B2* V2011 Solana 2O1O 0145589 AL 62010. Kebuyas (21) Appl. Nos 12947,247 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS, (22) Filed: Nov. 16,2010 e 2109984 x2 102009 a 13st? 121599, Prior Pubtcaton Data Wo 2012026026 132012 US 2012101206891 May 17,2012 GTaae PUBICATIONS| (1) Im.cl. European Search Report dod Aug. 29,2012 for Applicaton No HORP 116 (2006.01) 16nan3.0202, (2) US.cl sic 3187101; 36934 * cited by examiner (68) Field of Classification Search USPC one 368/17-20, 25, 26,34, 39, 53,54, 65, Primary Examiner — Rajnikant Patel 36895, 97, 98; 310/71, 45, $4, $8,59; (74) Aitornes, Agent, or Firm —Cantor Colburn LLP 318/140, 366, 371,380, 801, 803, 807, S1W/810,727:307/10001, 114,179, 65,28 G7) ABSTRACT See application fle foe complete search history. A fault tolerant DC power system includes pemmancatmag- i net generator (PMG), aft contactor in lecrcalcommuni- 66) eters Clee cation with the PMG, an active rectifier in electrical commu nication withthe fist contactor, @ second eonlacoe in US PATENT DOCUMENTS clerical communication withthe fst contactor, anda motor 4907400 A+ 91990 Diyancndetal. 32210 drveineletcal communication wth the second contacter. S362 A | 11904 DeDonsher aa ‘The first contactor is congue to seve electrical comm- SIMS A | 21098 Anonyeta soins tstion Between the PMG and the sete rete and the 7a a 70235 second eontctris configured to establish electrical comm log615 Bt 32001 Roam SeneriarMameatcece| saua7 nication berwoen the PMG and the moter dive. SiS1000 82 102003 Taser a eS158 BE 122003 War 1 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets ? US. Patent Jan, 14,2014 Sheet 1 of 2 US 8,629,644 B2 100 a ee aah Rea . A AE [ . Loe Ce PNG I od, eal ki GATE SIGNALS f 106 106 l AGINE RECTIFER CONTROLLER MOTOR DRIVE 106a CONTROLLER yr SYSTEM >| RE-CONFIGURATION CONTROLLER fg }-——— TORT, R2, R3, RA, RS FIG. 1 US. Patent Jan. 14, 2014 Sheet 2 of 2 US 8,629,644 B2 200 DETERMINE OPERATING MODE L201 | RECONFIGURE ‘SYSTEM BASED ON OPERATING MODE 202 FIG. 2 US 8,629,644 B2 1 FAULT TOLERANT DC POWER SYSTEMS FIELD OF INVENTION ‘The subjct mater disclosed herein relates genorally tothe field of power systems, and more particularly to fault tolerant high voltage direct current (DC) power system DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART Generally, DC power systems include a generator andre tfler configured to rectify alternating current (AC) generated atthe generator into DC power. Upon failure of ope or more ‘components the entire power system may fi. 1 follows that in applications where pawer syst supply povsero critical ‘components it may be desirable to increase the fault tolerance ‘of the power systems, BRIEF SUMMARY Acconing to one aspect ofthe iaveaton, 2 ful olerant DDC power system includes a permanent miagnet generator (PMG), afirst contactor in eletrical eommunicaion with the PMG, an aetive rectifier ineletrical eammunicaion with the first contactor, a second contactor in electrical communica tion with the first contactor, and a motor deve in electrical ‘communication with he second contactor. Theirs contactor is disposed to sever elecrical communication beoveen the PMG and the active rectifier and the second contactor is ‘configured to establish electrical communication between the PMG and the motor drive. Acconting to another aspect ofthe invention, a fault toler ant DC power system inchudesa permanent magnet generator (PMG), an ative rectifier in electrical communication with the PMG, a motor drive in electrical communication with the ‘active rectifier, anda plurality of contactors arrange to sever ‘lecircal communication between the PMG and the active Feetfer and arrange o establish electrical communication betwoen the PMG and the motor drive inthe eventof a failure ‘of at last one component of the active rectifier According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of controlling a fault tolerant DC povser system, the DC power system including @ permanent magnet generator (PMG), an ative rectifier in electrical eommunication with the PMG, and amotor dive in eletial communication with the active rectifier, where the method includes determining an ‘operating mode of the system, and ift least one component ‘of the active rectifier hls, reconfiguring electrical commu: nication of the system to bypass the active rectifier through the motor deve ‘Other aspects, features, and techniques of the invention will become more eppareat from the fllowing deseription taken in conjunetion with the drawings [BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS, Referring now tothe drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several FIGURES: FIG. illustrates ful tolerant DC powersystem, aceord- ing to an example embodiment; and FIG. 2 illustrates @ method of eontolling a fault tolerant DC power system, according to an example embodiment, DETAILED DESCRIPTION Embodiments of a DC power generating system are pro- vided herein, wih example embodiments being discussed below in deta 2 “Taming to FIG. 1,a fault tolerant DC power system 1005s iustrated. The sysiem 100 may be a power system for a ‘ehicl, for example a ear, ruck, or other ground vehicle The system 100 includes permanent magnet generator (PMG) 101. The PMG 101 iscoupled to anengine, turbine. or her rating means which allows the PMG to produce altr- nating current. The system 100 further inchudes contactor RI incommunication withthe PMG 101. Thesystem 100 further includes an ative rete 102 in eletical communication with the contactor RI. Asshown, the contactor Ris arranged herween the PMG 101 and the ative rectifier 102, hus con- toctor RI may openilose an electical conection between PMG 101 and active rectifier 102 ‘The sctiverecifir 102 may includea plrality of switches S,-S, arranged in electrical communication wth the contae- ToFRL Theswitehes SS, fom DC output als ofthe ative rectifier 102. The ative ester 102 may further inelude DC coupling capacitor cy arranged in pall clctial com munication with oupits of the switches S,-Sy. The ative rectifier 102 further includes filter inductance aang serially ona first ral ofthe DC output rls and filter capaci- tor Cy, arranged in parallel aeross the indvetance Lp and a seco ail ofthe DC outpat rails ‘The system 100 further includes contactor Rin commu- nication with the active rectifier 102, As illustrated, R4 ineludes contaets R4a in communication with the fs il of the DC outputs, andcontacts R4bin communication with the second rail ofthe DC output ris. The system 100 furtber ineludes loa 103 in communication with the contactor RA, As aranged, contactor 4 may openileseanclcticalcon- nection between the active rectifier 102 andthe load 103, As further illustrate in FIG. 1 thesystem 100 may clade {an 104in communication wit contactor R2 in further com- ‘munication with a moter dive 105. The motor drive 108 may heany suitable motor drive configured power motor driven Joads suchas fan 104. Funes, the motor drive 108 may be ranged with interal componeats that are arrange sislar ‘oanactive reetifiee Forexample the ative retilier 102 and the illustrated portions ofthe motor ceive 105 are somewhat similar, For example, the motor drive 108 includes switches S,-Sia @ coupling capacitor Cyc filter inductance Lj sda fter capacitor. Therefore, redundant discussion of the components of the motor crve 10 is omit herein for te sake of brevity: “Asillustrate, the system 100 also includes coatactorR3in communication with PMG 101, contactor RI, contactor R2, and the motor crive 108. As arranged, the contactor R3 may ‘openiclose an eletrical connection between PMG 104 andl the motor dive 108, andor open close an eletial connec tion between contactor R2 and contactor RI. As further illus- trate, system 100 includes contactor RS aranged between the motor drive 105 and the Hood 108. Thus, the contactor RS may open/close an elctrial conection between the motor drive 108 andthe oad 103, ‘As desribed above, the system 100 includes two power converters (eg, the active rectifier 102 and the motor deve 108), both nelecrialcommonieaton withthe PMG 101 an Joad 103. According to example embodiments inthe event of component failure in ay portion ofthe system 100, the con- tootors RI-RS may be configured to openslose electrical connections thereby reconfiguring. the system 100 and bypassing failed components and tolerating an increased number of faults compared to couventional systems. The pening/elsing of contactors RI-RS is controled by the system r-configuration controller 107. The system re-con- figuration controllers in communication with ative eter controller 106, and motor drive controler 1064, The ative US 8,629,644 B2 3 rectifier controller provides gate signals to contol active ree- ttle 102. The motor drive controller i configured to conte tate drives of metor controler 108, [i should be understood that there may be additional moni- toring connections within the system 100, which have beens ‘omitted fom ths ilustration fo laity. For example, one or more ofthe controllers 105-107 may receive anor provide ‘oltagelcurret feedback from/to any component in the sys- tem 100, and additional connections to facilitate operation may exist according to any desired implementation. There- fore, example embodiments shovld not be limited aecoeding to he paticula form illsteated Hereinafteran example methodology describing the reson- figuration of the system 100 is provided in dt “Tuming to FIG. 2, 2 method 200 of controlling a fault 15 tolerant DC pawer system is illistated. The method 200 includes determining an operating mode of the DC power system 100, For example, the operating mde may be one of atleast four (4) dlfeent operating modes. The at lest four ‘operating modes may include a normal operating mode, a motor drive fail operating mode an active rectifier fil oper~ ‘ating mode, and a PMG fail operating mode. The system re-configuration controller 107i configured to collect status information about the PMG 101, fan 104, load 108, active rectfcation (102, 108) and fan movordrve (eg. or fan 104), ‘The status information about the PMG 101, load 103, and active retficaton (102, 108) is provided by he active reti- ‘er conimler 106. The status information about the fan 104, sdeusoutputs (eat 102, 108), and fan motor dive(eg. for fan 104) is provided by the motor drive controller 108. The 30 failure mode in the specified above component is derived by ‘monitoring components’ intemal temperature, power quality ‘on de bs by use of de bus voltage and curren sensors, PMG tnd Tan stator currents, andlor load current. The predictive health monitoringprognostes may also be use in determine 35 ing system re-configuration sul thatthe system re-configu- ration contoller 107 may openelose contactors RI-RS sccording tothe atleast for operating modes described in detail bolo “The normal operating mode is a mode where there are ideally ao faults (ora est parally Ruactioning components) in the system 100, In normal operating mode, the active rectifier 102 powers te load 103, and therectfer motor drive 108 powers the fun 104 ‘The motor drive fil operating mode isa mode where the rotor drive 108, or potion thereof, fails ‘Theactiverecife fail operating modeis amode where the sctve ectiier N2, ora portion there, fils “The PMG fail operating mode isa mode where the PMG 101 hls According to the particular mode determine at Block 201, the system 100 may be reconfigured to overcome the fault through application of signals to the contactors RL-RS bythe system r-configurationcontoller 107, at outlined in Table 1 below: TABLET Soma Cosed Cosel Open Clee Chet MuorDeive Ful led Open Open Clare Oper Atv Recife Tail Open Open Clon Open Clow acral (pet Opes Open Open Oper Asset fort in Table 1, the contset positon for each ofthe ‘contactors RI-RS is detemined by an operating mode ofthe sytem 100, During normal operation, contactors RI-R2 are s 4 closed, contactor R3 is open, and contactors RA-RS are closed. Intheevent of amotor drive fail,contacters RZand RS fopen to sever power from the fan 104, It is noted that as contactors R2 and RS are open, the fan 104 is aot powered, Hovsever, the fan 104 is not considered a critical loadlcom- ponent ofthe system 100, nsofaras operation of moreeritical Joads (eg, load 103) may be prefered. Inthe event of anactive rectifier fil,contactor R3 isclosed and contactors RI-R2 and R4 are opened to bypass active rectifier 102, sever power from the fan 104, and allow the motor drive 108 to assume the responsibility of retlying power fom the PMG 101 Inthe event of a PMG fail ll ofcontactors RI-RS open, thereby severing power fom ll components “Thus, as desribed above, example embodiments include fault tolerant DC power systems and methods of contolling the same. Depending upon an operating mode of the DC power system, contactors are openediclosed to reconfigure power distibutio’bypass failed components. AS will be readily appreciated by one of ordinary skill i the art, the tuition of the contactor allows for fault tolerance while reducing weight, cost, and complexity of redundant or extra rectification systems. Therefore, tecieal effects and ben efits example embodiments include fault tolerant operation ‘of DC poser systems and decreased weight through dual-use ‘ofactive rectifiers and motor drives of the DC power system, ‘The terminology used herein s forthe purpose of describ: ing purticular embodiments oaly and isnot intended to be limiting ofthe invention. While the description of the present Jnventon has boon presented for purposes of illustration nx description, tisnot intended to be exhaustive or Himitedo the Jvention in te form disclosed. Many modification, varia- tions, alteration, substitutions, or equivalent arrangement not hereto deseribed will beapparentto these of ordinary skill in the at without departing from the scope and spirit ofthe invention, Additionally, while various embodiment of the invention have boen described, it i to be understood that aspects of the invention may’ inelude only some of the described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention isnot to be seen as limite by the foregoing desription, but is only limite by the scope ofthe appended claims, “The invention claimed is: 1A fault tolerant DC power system, comprising: permanent magnet generator (PMG); frst contactor in electrical communication with the PMG: an active recitierin electrical communication withthe ist ‘contacto; ‘a second contactor in electical commuaication with the first contactor; a moto dive in electrical communication withthe second. ‘contactor, 4 thied contactor ia electvical communication with the active ectilie, loadin electrical eommunicaton withthe thre contactor ‘and ‘4 fourh contactor in eletrical communication with the ‘motor dive and the load ‘wherein the fst contactor s configured to sever electi- «al communication between the PMG and the ative rectifier and the second contacter is configured to

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