TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

LIST OF FIGURES iv

LIST OF TABLES v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi

DEDICATION
vii

CHAPTER

I PROBLEM AND ITS BSCKGROUND

Introduction 1

Objectives of the study 2

Significance of the study 3

Scope and limitations of the study 4

Definition of terms

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREATURE AND STUDIES.

Related Literature 6

Related studies 15

III METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Study 18

Research Design 20

Data Gathering Procedure

Flow Diagram of the Study 25

IV PRESENTATION, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 32

Conclusion 33

Recommendation

Bibliography 34

Appendices 37

Photo Documentation 39

Curriculum vitae 47
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure NO. Title Pages

1 Sea cucumber species in their natural 8

Habitat.

2 The General Anatomy of sea cucumber 9

3 Main External Anatomical Features of a

Sea Cucumber.

4 Structure of Saponins 13

5 Structure of Flavonoids

6 Structure of Phenols 14

7 Map of the Batag Island Showing 19

Barangay Cabadiangan

8 Flow Chart of Methodology 25

9 Specimen 1 Holothuria scabra 27

10 Specimen 2 Bohadschia similis

11 The Crude Polysaccharides Extract from 29

Two Sea Cucumber species

12 Bar graph of antioxidant Activity using 31

Hydroxyl Scavenging Activity (HRSA)

 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Summary Results of Bioactive Compounds 28

Of the Sea Cucumber Extracts from

Holothuria scabra

2 Summary and Result of Bioactive Compounds

Of Sea Cucumber Extract from Bohadschia

Similis

3 The results for the data using 45

UV-Vis spectrophotometer sample 1

4 The results for the data using 46

UV-Vis spectrophotometer sample 2

 ABSTRACT

Sea cucumbers species are valuable biological resources in

the Philippine waters and other parts of the world with potential
economic and medical applications. This study identified two
cucumber species in Batag island in Laoang, Northern Samar, and
these are Holuthoria scabra and Bohadschia similis. Experimental
design was used in the study. It adapted protocols for sample
processing for detection of some bioactive compounds such as flavonoids,
phenols, saponins, as well as polysaccharide extraction and assay for
in vitro antioxidant activity to check the antioxidant activity of sea
cucumber polysaccharides from Batag Island. Results revealed that
bioactive compounds such as saponins and flavonoids were present
in both sea cucumber species. The yields of crude polysaccharides
extracted from the two species of sea cucumbers, H. scabra, and B.
similis, were 21.3% and 9.68% by residue weight respectively. For
antioxidant activity tests, four concentrations at 50ppm,100ppm,
150ppm, and 200ppm were used to compare which of four
concentrations has a potential antioxidant activity. Results
revealed that the 50-100ppm of sample 1 (Holothuria scabra) showed
the potential for antioxidant activity, while sample 2 (Bohadschia
similis) has a weaker potential for antioxidant activity to all
concentrations tested. This could be due to the nature of the crude
extract which should be subjected to further purifications.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher acknowledge and sincerely deliver her

gratitude to the following persons who contributed to the success

of this study.

First, to Almigthy God for sustaining the mental, physical

and emotional strength of the researcher without him this study

will not be possible.

To Dr. Geraldine P. Muncada, my thesis adviser, for the

professional guidance, contructive comments, boundless knowledge

and encouragement coupled with untiring support in the preparation

and completion of this study.

The panel of examiners chaired by Dr. Merle N. Tonog, with

Dr. Karina Cui-Lim and Engr. Maria Lourdes C. Alvarez as panel

members, for giving their helpful suggestions for the betterment

of this study.

To my brother Marcelino Tan for unstoppable financial

support. To Muncada Family for supporting my studies. To my parents

Clarita and Pascual whom I made as an inspiration to finish this

study.

To my Classmates and Friends, to sir Jaymar, extension lab

staff MJ, Tom, Mark, Marlo, Rosabel and Laboratory Aid Staff Judy

ann and Feraldine for thier helpful assistance in the laboratory.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SEA CUCUMBER SPECIES FROM BATAG ISLAND

A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty
Of the College of Science
University of Eastern Philippines
University Town, Northern Samar

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Chemistry

ANSELMA M. TAN
June 2019
 DEDICATION

The researcher dedicate her humble piece of work to

ALMIGHTY GOD, FAMILY and the RESIDENCE in Batag
Island.