Cambridge IGCSE ICT Practical

Workbook Answers

●● 11 File management
1 Generic file types can be used on any platform. [1 mark]

2 a Rich text format

b Comma separated values
c Text
d Graphics interchange format
e Joint photographic expert group
f Portable network graphics
g Portable document format
h Moving picture experts group layer 3
i Moving picture experts group layer 4
j Cascading stylesheet
k Hypertext markup language
l Zip
m Roshal archive [13 marks]

3 .rtf, .txt and .csv [1 mark]

4 .mp3, .mp4, .zip and .rar [1 mark]

5 2 from:
So that you can always return to a previous version …
… in case of file loss/corruption
… if you need to refer back to the work at a particular point in time
To reduce the chance of overwriting the file and losing the data [2 marks]

6 To reduce transmission times between devices

To reduce storage space used for the file [2 marks]

7 File C, File A, File B [2 marks]

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  8 Changing the quality of …

… an image file [2 marks]

  9 Downsampling, which is the reduction of picture quality so as to reduce the file size
Upsampling, which is to increase the number of pixels used to store the image [4 marks]

10 4 from:
To reduce the size of an image/document containing a number of images
It is designed to be used where the file is not to be edited.
Sometimes the file may be placed in a container in .zip or .rar format.
This is used for reducing transmission time …
… storage capacity required.
It is especially useful for archiving documents. [4 marks]

●● 12 Images
1 Clip art is a collection of simple pictures and symbols made available for computer
users to add to their documents. [1 mark]

2 The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of the width to the height. [1 mark]

3 Width 3 cm
Height 2 cm [2 marks]

4 a In Line with Text

This places the image as an in-line graphic and is treated as a text character within a
line of text.
b Square
This places the image on the page and the text wraps (flows) around it.
c Tight
This places the image on the page and the text wraps (flows) around it, like Square, but you
cannot control the distance of the text from the image for the top and bottom settings.
d Through
This places the image on the page and the text wraps around the image with pre-set values.
e Top and Bottom
This places the image with the text above and below the image, but not wrapped to the side.
f Behind Text
This places the image behind the text.
g In Front of Text
This places an image over the top of the text. [7 marks]

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5 4 from:
Click on image to select it
Select the Format tab
Open Format Picture pane (using Picture styles section)
Select the paint bucket tab
Select Line
Select the line type and thickness [4 marks]

6 a Type of transformation: Rotation

b Feature used: 3-D Rotation [2 marks]

7 Cropping [1 mark]

8 a Type of transformation: Reflection

b Feature used: 3-D Rotation [2 marks]

9 a 24
b 8 [2 marks]

10 Bits per channel refers to the number of bits allocated to each of the three primary
colours used with light; Red, Green and Blue / RGB. [1 mark]

11 .png files can store 48 bit images (16 bits per channel) … and even 96 bit images. jpg files are
restricted to 24 bits images. [3]

12 a)  A file with 16 bits per channel [1]

●● 13 Layout
1 What is the purpose of the document?
Who is the target audience?
How will I make it suitable for this audience?
What is the appropriate medium?
What is the appropriate package? [5 marks]

2 a Ctrl X
b Ctrl C OR Ctrl Insert
c Ctrl V OR Shift Insert
d Ctrl A
e Ctrl Z

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f Ctrl Y
g Prt Scr
h Alt Prt Scr [8 marks]

3 To drag and drop is to move a selected object …

… like an image or highlight text …
… to another part of the screen …
… using a mouse or similar pointing device. [4 marks]

4 a Left aligned
b Centre aligned
c Right aligned
d Fully justified [4 marks]

5 a Top
b Centre
c Bottom
d Used for vertical alignment within a table. [4 marks]

6 a Borders are the outside boundaries/edges …

… of a cell/table/image etc.
b Gridlines are the internal lines within a table. [3 marks]

7 a is the area of a document between the top of the page and the top margin.
b is the area of a document between the bottom of the page and the bottom margin. [2 marks]

8 2 from:
Left page – Name of the chapter
Right page – Subsection name within the chapter
Horizontal line [2 marks]

9 Page numbering [1 mark]

10 Information only has to be added/edited once and it appears on all pages …

… therefore less work required …
… therefore less chance of errors.
Automated fields can be used to place page numbering …
… these will change without manual updating.
Automated file names and paths can be shown. [4 marks]

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11 INSERT tab [1 mark]

12 a Right tab
b Left tab
c Centre tab [3 marks]

13 Select the INSERT tab.

Choose the Footer option. [2 marks]

14 To identify the date and time that a document was printed (not created)
To make it easier to identify which is the latest version of a document [2 marks]

15 To enable the reader of a document to locate the file easily on a storage system
To verify that it originated in a student’s own user area on a networked system
It enables the reader to see the file type used [no marks for name or path as they
are in the question] [3 marks]

16 You only have to enter the page numbers once (or twice on facing pages) with automated page
numbering/Page numbers have to be entered on every page if done manually.
Automatic page numbers calculate the page numbers/Manual page numbers have to
be edited if pages are inserted or removed. [2 marks]

●● 14 Styles
1 Corporate branding/a method of recognising a company through elements like its
logo/colour scheme etc. [1 mark]

2 4 from:
Colour schemes
Font style
Point sizes
Logo
Styles for bullets/numbering
Paragraph style
Page layout/page formatting [4 marks]

3 4 from:
Business cards
Websites
TV advertisements
Bill boards/advertising hoardings
Company vehicles [4 marks]

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4 To give consistency to documents and other materials

To save time in planning/setting up/creating/formatting documents
Creates brand recognition
Reduces the risks of mistakes in documents [4 marks]

5 Styles would be defined in a cascading stylesheet(s).

The external stylesheet(s) would be attached …
… to all web pages in the website.
They would be placed so the last stylesheet attached has priority. [4 marks]

6 A serif font has small strokes called serifs at the end of individual letters. [1 mark]

7 A sans-serif font does not have serifs at the end of individual letters. [1 mark]

8 Points [1 mark]

9 Font face [1 mark]

10 ascender, descender [2 marks]

11 In a document template file/in a file with a .dot file extension [1 mark]

12 To display hidden characters to the user [1 mark]

13 2 from:
Tab key
Return key/Enter key
Space bar [2 marks]

14 4 from:
Select/highlight the text/numbers/cell …
… that contains the style that you wish to copy.
Select the format painter button …
… from the Home tab.
Drag the mouse over the text/numbers/cell that you wish to apply the style to. [4 marks]

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●● 15 Proofing
1 A spell check searches through its dictionary …
… and tries to find a match with the word in the document.
If a match is not found it indicates a potential error …
… usually by underlining the word with a red wavy line. [4 marks]

2 4 from:
A spell check searches through a dictionary to find a match with the word in the document.
If a match is not found it is displayed as a potential error.
Names of people/places may not be in the dictionary.
Highly technical/specialist terms may not be in the dictionary.
Newly accepted words may not be in the dictionary if it has not been recently updated. [4 marks]

3 b a blue wavy underline [1 mark]

4 Validation is checking that data entered is reasonable. [1 mark]

5 [1 mark for true or false and one for each reason:] [14 marks]

True False Reason

A range check could be used to validate
the title of the book
A length check could be used to check the
number of characters entered in the ISBN
✔
A limit check could be used for the Price
field
A consistency check could be used with
the Price and Author fields
A check digit could be added to the ISBN
field
A format check could be used with the
ISBN field
✔
A length check could be used with the
Price field
A range check can only be used on a numeric data
✔ type and the title of the book has an alphanumeric
data type.
All modern ISBNs have 13 digits (ignoring the
4 – symbols) so a maximum field length of 17
characters would reduce the storage capacity
required for the database.
The price field will have 2 limits, one being >=0
and a maximum price for a book, therefore a range
✔
check would test this whereas a limit check would
only change 1 of the 2 ends of the range.
There is no direct relationship between the Price
✔ and Author fields so consistency check would be
inappropriate.
The ISBN field already contains a check digit so this
✔
would not be required.
This field contains 13 numeric characters spaced
with 4 hyphens and these are consistent through
most ISBNs (older ones have 10 numeric characters)
so a format check is appropriate.
The book price field has a numeric data type
✔ (probably with a currency sub-type) and length
checks are only applied to alphanumeric fields.

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6 6 from:
The correct application of styles
The correct margin settings
Images placed as specified
Text wraps as specified
Images are not distorted
Objects fit within the page/column margin
Objects not overlapping
No lists split over 2 pages/columns
No tables split over 2 pages/columns
No blank columns/pages
No widows/orphans [6 marks]

7 A widow is the last line of a paragraph …

… that appears alone at the top of a new page or column. [2 marks]
An orphan is the first line of a paragraph or a heading …
…that appears as the last line of a page. [2 marks]

8 Problems with gender, Mr in first sentence and She in 2nd sentence

FROM is upper case
Age of Mr Tanton has been transposed from 71 to 17 [3 marks]

9 Verification is a way of reducing errors …

… when data is copied from one medium to another. [2 marks]

10 Visual checking/verification
Checking for data entry errors by manually comparing …
… the original documents …
… with data entered on the computer.
Double data entry
Data is entered into the system twice …
… where the computer compares the two versions … 
… and differences in the data are flagged as an error. [8 marks]

11 [3 marks for explanation and 1 mark for suitable example]

If there is an error in the original source document …
… and the data is reasonable …
… then the data entered may be incorrect/inaccurate.
e.g. Data expected is 1st April 2019 and data is recorded and entered as 4/1/2019 then
this would be a data entry error if UK settings used but not if US settings are used. [4 marks]

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●● 16 Graphs and charts

1 a G
b B, F
c B, F, A, C, D Please note: with data like this and only 3 different data items, either a bar chart or
pie chart would be suitable
d A, C, D
e A, C, D
f A, C, D
g E [7 marks]

2 a Pie chart
b Bar chart
c Pie chart
d Line graph [4 marks]

3 a Line graph [1 mark]

b It is a line graph because the time intervals along are all the same/10 seconds …
… by using a line graph it will allow is to see the exact distance travelled at other
times (like after 17 seconds) [2 marks]
c Time in seconds would be plotted on the X-axis
Distance would be plotted on the Y-axis. [2 marks]

4 a A2:B2 or B2:C2 or A2:C2

b A2 and C2 [4 marks]

5 CTRL key [1 mark]

6 b Legend (showing data series)

c Primary value axis title
d Secondary value axis title
e Primary value axis labels
f Category axis labels
g Secondary value axis labels
h Category axis title [7 marks]

7 a Chart title
b Legend
c Segment label /segment value [3 marks]

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8 If graph is a comparative bar/line/combo chart …

…it may have 2 data series which hold different types of data.
Value axis only shows one of these values.
So secondary axis is required to allow comparisons to be easily seen/understood. [4 marks]

9 Maximum axis value

Minimum axis value
Axis Unit value (may be called Major Unit or Minor Unit) [3 marks]

●● 17 Document production
1 All 4 extensions are formats for text files/documents.
.txt and .rtf are generic file formats
.odt is a package-specific file format for Open Office.
.docx is a package-specific file format for Microsoft Office. [4 marks]

2 Suitable description for your word processor like:

4 from:
Select the PAGE LAYOUT tab …
… in the Page Layout section …
… click on the drop-down control on the bottom right-hand side …
… to Open the Page Setup window.
Change the Paper size using the drop-down menu. [4 marks]

3 Answers in any order:

Margins
Paper
Layout [3 marks]

4 An area outside the margins of a document …

… that is used to bind a book together. [2 marks]

5 Widows and orphans are both a single (or partial) line of text …
… that are not kept with the rest of the paragraph …
… as the text flows into a new page or column.
The single line of text at the top of the next page or column is called a widow.
The first line of a paragraph at the bottom of a page is called an orphan. [4 marks]

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6 a A page break forces the text onto the start of a new page …
… leaving white space at the end of the previous page.
b A section break is used to split areas of a document into different layouts …
… these can be continuous on the same page or force a page break as well.
c A column break forces the text into the top of the next column …
… leaving white space at the end of the previous column. [6 marks]

7 a An orphan
b Move the cursor before the S in School closures.
Insert a column break. [3 marks]

8 In the HOME tab

In the paragraph section [2 marks]

9 It aligns text to:

a the left margin …
… with a ragged right margin
b the centre of the page …
… with ragged left and right margins
c the right margin …
… with a ragged left margin
d both margins …
… leaving two straight margins and no ragged margins. [8 marks]

10 Single line spacing [1 mark]

11 a 1.5 line spacing

b single
c double
d multiple (or 3x line spacing) [4 marks]

12 ruler [1 mark]

13 a Sets the left alignment …

… of the first line of a paragraph.
b Sets the left alignment …
… of all lines in a paragraph except for the first line.

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c Sets a left tab stop …

… which left aligns all text/numbers to it when the tab key is pressed.
d Sets a decimal tab stop …
… which aligns numbers using the position of the decimal point when the tab key is pressed.
e Sets a right tab stop …
… which right aligns all text/numbers to it when the tab key is pressed. [10 marks]

14 a Hanging paragraph
b Indented paragraph
c Normal paragraph [3 marks]

15 4 from:
Click the right mouse button …
… in a cell within the column to be deleted.
Select the Delete Cells …
… option from the menu.
Select the radio button for Delete entire column …
… then click on the OK button. [4 marks]

16 Merge cells [1 mark]

17 4 from:
Click the right mouse button …
… in a cell within the column to be deleted.
Select the Table Properties …
… option from the menu.
Select the Cell tab.
Select the Center icon followed by the OK button. [4 marks]

18 To save repeated typing/editing of similar material

To reduce the potential for typing errors [2 marks]

19 To generate personalised letters …

… to a number of people. [2 marks]

20 a Monday, 09 May 2016

b 01/08/16
c 2016-05-09
d 01/08/2016

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e 09.05.2016
f August 16
g 1-Aug-16 [7 marks]

21 Right mouse click …

… on the date field.
Select Toggle Field Codes …
… from the drop-down menu. [4 marks]

22 Right mouse click on the placeholder.

Select Toggle Field Codes from the drop-down menu. [2 marks]

●● 18 Data manipulation
1 A database is an organised collection of data.
A database program is software.
It stores the data and the links between the data items.
It stores data using files, records and fields. [4 marks]

2 a A flat-file database stores its data in one table, which is organised by rows and columns.
b A relational database stores the data in more than one linked table, stored in the file.
c A record contains data about one person or item.
d Each column in a database table contains a field which has been given a field name.[6 marks]

3 a Field name
b Record
c Field [3 marks]

4 Primary key [1 mark]

5 a Alphanumeric
b Numeric
c Boolean [3 marks]

6 So that duplicate data is not stored …

… therefore the amount of internal memory and external storage space required is reduced. [2 marks]

7 It is stored as alphanumeric when the data will not be used to perform a calculation
e.g. Telephone number. [2 marks]

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8 a Date and time

b Integer
c Currency
d Decimal/Real
e Date and time [5 marks]

9 Foreign key [1 mark]

10 Data types cannot be defined.

Relationships cannot be established between tables/sheets. [2 marks]

11 4 from:
Open the data table in Design View
Select the required field
In the General tab
Select Format
Use the drop-down list to select On/Off [4 marks]

12 Method: Visual verification/checking

Description: Manually compare data from original document to that entered into the database.
Method: Double data entry
Description: Data is keyed in twice and computer compares both sets of data entry,
flagging differences to the user. [4 marks]

13 4 from:
A form allows a user to enter/amend data in a database.
A form can make data more accessible because:
• It can be created/tailored for different users
• It can display questions in full rather than just shortened fieldnames
• It can include instructions on how to add the data
• It can be used to create a menu/switchboard. [4 marks]

14 Closed questions [1 mark]

15 b option group with radio (option) buttons

c list box (drop-down list) with limit to list
e tick box (check box) [3 marks]

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16 4 from:
Navigation buttons allow the user to move to the …
… first record …
… previous record …
… next record …
… last record …
… in the current data set [do not allow table/database as form may be built on a query] [4 marks]

17 4 from:
Similar fields grouped but not crowded together/ should not look overcrowded
White space between each data entry box
Title stating what data will be entered
Instructions on how to fill in the form
Worded questions (not just field names)
Each field has appropriate space for the data that will be added
The form should be filled without large areas of white space
Option groups/radio buttons/list boxes/tick boxes should be used where possible
Navigation buttons are present [4 marks]

18 Databases like Access search for data using a query. The easiest method is to use
the query wizard. [2 marks]

19 * [1 mark]

20 <=5000
[1 mark for <= and 1
1 mark for 5000 with no comma or $] [2 marks]

21 Profit: [Sales_Price] – [Purchase_Price]

[1 mark for Profit:
1 mark for each field in square brackets
1 mark for mathematical operator – and concept of sales – purchase] [4 marks]
22 a This data is not sorted into any order.
b This data is sorted into ascending order
… of First name.

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c This data is sorted into descending order

… of Tutor group …
… then into descending order …
… of Surname.
d This data is sorted into ascending order
… of Surname. [9 marks]

23 A document that gives information [1 mark]

24 a Report Header: Data is displayed only once at the start of a document.

b Page Header: Data is displayed at the top of every page.
c Detail: Data about each selected record is displayed in this section. This fits between the page
header and page footer.
d Page Footer: Data is displayed at the bottom of every page.
e Report Footer: Data is displayed only once at the end/bottom of a document. [5 marks]

25 Shift/CTRL [1 mark]

26 a Report footer
b Page header
c Report footer [3 marks]

27 4 from:
Enlarge/stretch the box for the Extras field/data …
… in the detail row of the report
Select Design View
Drag down the page footer to create more space for the control
Click the cursor on the lower edge of the Extras control
Drag this down to make the box twice as deep/high [4 marks]

28 Reports or queries might be exported to:

2 from:
Manipulate the data in another applications package
Add it to a word processed document
Use the data to create a graph or chart
Be included as part of a presentation [2 marks]

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29 Select the control to be hidden in the Design View of the report.

Use the properties window to …
… set the foreground and background colours to be same colour …
… change the Visible setting to No. [4 marks]

30 When the same report template/document is to be used for two different purposes …
… for example an invoice and a delivery note …
… where the prices of the goods are hidden on the delivery note
… where the prices of the goods are shown on the invoice. [4 marks]

31 Open (the report) in Design View and select the required control …
… in the Detail section (of the report).
Select the properties pane.
Change/set the Format section to Percent. [4 marks]

32 a =AVG([Profit]) [3 marks]
[1 mark for AVG(…), 1 mark for fieldname, 1 mark for […] to denote a field]
b Label [1 mark]

33 a Data is unsorted [1 mark]

b Ascending order of First name [1 mark]
c Ascending order of roll number [1 mark]
d Descending order of roll number [1 mark]
e Descending order of Surname then descending order of Forename [2 marks]
f Ascending order of Surname then ascending order of Forename [2 marks]

●● 19 Presentations
1 4 from:
A presentation is a series of (linked) slides …
… used to present to a (pre-defined) audience.
Can be used to teach/inform …
… promote/advertise.
It may be presented as a visual aid in a lecture.
It may be presented as an on-screen carousel. [4 marks]

2 .rtf or .txt [1 mark]

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3 4 from:
It is used to ensure consistency of presentation between all slides.
It is used to place common items on all slides of the same type …
… so it is much quicker to develop each slide …
… as all the common elements are placed only once on each slide master.
It holds the information on colours, fonts, effects …
… and the positioning of objects on the slides. [4 marks]

4 a Primary Master Slide

b They are copied onto all the other sub-types in the presentation. [1 mark]

5 b Import/open the data from a generic text file then set up your master slide(s). [1 mark]

6 4 from:
Select the INSERT tab.
Click on the Header and Footer icon (in the Text section).
In/this opens the Header and Footer window.
Tick the check box next to Header and Footer.
Click on the Apply to All button. [4 marks]

7 4 from:
It is the relationship between the width and height of the presentation …
… when displayed through the projector.
The ratio is shown as (width:height).
The most common aspect ratio for projected presentations is 4:3…
… but can also be set to 16:9. [4 marks]

8 4 from:
In a spreadsheet like Excel create the chart using the INSERT tab …
… then in the Charts section, select the type of chart required …
…… and highlight the appropriate data and labels.
Fully label the chart.
Copy the chart into the clipboard.
In a presentation authoring package like PowerPoint, select slide 5…
… and paste the chart into the slide. [4 marks]

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9 8 from:
Audience notes are the handouts …
… given to the class/students/delegates …
… containing the slide contents …
… to save them making lots of notes …
… they sometimes have space for class/students/delegates to write their own notes.
Presenter notes are a copy of the slides …
… contain prompts/key facts …
… that need to be told to the audience …
… can be on paper or on screen …
… can be seen by the presenter but not the audience. [8 marks]

10 Audio clip
Example such as: Music to introduce presentation/sound-bite from computer ‘expert’
Video clip
Example such as: Short case study video/video of presenter demonstrating how to
increase your security settings [4 marks]

11 Transitions are the methods used to introduce a slide/move from one slide to
another/are between slides
Animations are how bullets/objects appear within a slide. [2 marks]

12 4 from:
Select the SLIDE SHOW tab.
Click on the icon for Set Up Slide Show.
From the Set Up Show window …
… click to put a tick in the ‘Loop continuously until Esc’ check box
… click OK button. [4 marks]

●● 20 Data analysis
1 4 from:
Using a spreadsheet model/you change spreadsheet data …
… to explore different possible answers.
Data models are often financial, mathematic or scientific.
This is sometimes called ‘what if’ modelling/scenario.
It allows you to change variables and get answers without doing the real thing. [4 marks]

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2 A spreadsheet is a two-dimensional table split into rows and columns. It is made up

of a number of individual cells. Each cell has an address, for example: E9. A spreadsheet
is sometimes called a sheet or even a worksheet. In Excel many sheets can be held within
a single workbook.
[‘Rows’ and ‘columns’ are interchangeable.
‘Sheet’ and ‘worksheet’ are interchangeable.] [8 marks]

3 In any order:
Number
Label
Formula [3 marks]

4 = [1 mark]

5 a The contents of A3 are too large to fit into the cell/column width.
b Move the cursor to the end of the column heading for column A ...
… Double click the left mouse button to expand the column
… drag the cursor to the right by clicking and dragging.. [2 marks]

6 4 from:
Absolute referencing for a cell will fix that cell name/address and not change it.
Relative referencing will allow cell names/addresses to be changed …
… when the formula is replicated.
A $ symbol represents absolute referencing.
Good example of absolute referencing like: $A$1 will not change when replicated.
Good example of relative referencing like: A1 will change to A2 when replicated down. [4 marks]

7 Select the FORMULAS tab.

In the Formula auditing section …
… click on the Show Formulas icon. [3 marks]

8 4 from:
Operator: +  Name: Addition
Operator: -  Name: Subtraction
Operator: *  Name: Multiplication
Operator: /  Name: Division
Operator: ^  Name: Indices/Powers [4 marks]

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9 4 from:
A range/array of cells …
… given a pre-defined name …
… which is short and meaningful
… which is understood by the spreadsheet to refer to those cells.
It is easier to remember and use this name (e.g. VAT) than the cell references
(e.g. $F$14:$G$16). [4 marks]

10 A function has a pre-defined name (built into the spreadsheet) …

… which performs a calculation/operation. [2 marks]

11 a i  SUM
ii AVERAGE
iii MAX
iv MIN

b i  = $B$1 * B4
[1 mark for B1
1 mark for absolute referencing
1 mark for * operator
1 mark for B4] [4 marks]
ii =SUM(B4:B8)
[1 mark for =SUM( )
1 mark for range (can have absolute or relative referencing)]
iii =MIN(B4:B8) or =MIN($B$4:$B$8) [7 marks]
c Either:
Select and hold the drag handle in bottom right of cell C4 …
… drag this down to cell C8
Or:
Copy contents of cell C4
Paste into cells C5 to C8 [2 marks]

12 Either:
The contents of cell A6…
… are truncated to 0 decimal places …
… and displayed in this cell/cell A4

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Or:
The integer/whole number part …
… of cell A6 is extracted …
… and displayed in this cell/cell A4. [3 marks]

13 a i  Rounds the contents of A1 to 2 decimal places/to the nearest hundredth.

ii 64.55
b i  Rounds the contents of A1 to 0 decimal places.
If the contents have a decimal value >=0.5 then one is added to the integer value.
ii 65
c i  Rounds the contents of A1 to the nearest ten.
ii 60
d i  Truncates/removes all the decimal part of the contents of cell A1.
ii 64 [8 marks]

14 The COUNT function counts the number of numeric values (within a specified range of cells).
The COUNTA function counts the number of alphanumeric values (within a specified
range of cells). [2 marks]

15 The formula counts the number of people in the list. [1 mark]

It counts the number of alphanumeric values /cells contains containing a label or value in the list …
… and subtracts from it the number of numeric values/numbers.
It displays the number of cells that contain only text. [3 marks]

16 It counts the number of times the text ‘Master craftsman’…

… is stored in the cells between F16 and F26. [2 marks]

17 It counts the number of times the text ‘Master craftsman’…

… is stored in the named range JobDescription …
… which has already been defined by the user. [3 marks]

18 a It counts the number of times the contents of cell D3 …

… is stored in the named range JobDescription …
… which has already been defined by the user. [3 marks]
b $D$3 is an absolute cell reference.
This cell reference will not change when the cell is replicated/copied.
If a relative cell reference like D3 was used the reference would change when
it was replicated/copied. [3 marks]

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19 =COUNTIF($A$2:$A$20,C2)
=COUNTIF(…) [1 mark]
A2:A20 [1 mark]
Absolute reference for the range [1 mark]
C2 [1 mark]
Relative reference for the single cell [1 mark]

20 =IF(A3<=3,”Low”,IF(A3>7,”High”,”Medium”))
=IF(…) [1 mark]
A3<=3  ignore absolute reference [1 mark]
,”Low”, [1 mark]
Nested IF(…) [1 mark]
A3>7 [1 mark]
,”High” [1 mark]
,”Medium” [1 mark]

21 Looks through the contents of cells F3 to F23…

… to see if they are equal to the contents of cell A3/”AF”
It adds up the contents of the corresponding cells from G3 to G23. [3 marks]

22 HLOOKUP performs a horizontal look up of data …

… where the data in the lookup array is held in rows.
VLOOKUP performs a horizontal look up of data …
… where the data in the lookup array is held in columns. [4 marks]

23 4 from:
Performs a vertical lookup.
To compare and match the contents of cell D3 …
… with the first cell it finds in the range F2 to F16/left column of the range.
When a match is made it returns the value held in the same row in G2 to G16.
It will only accept an exact match (because the ,0 is false). [4 marks]

24 4 from:
This parameter determines the type of lookup performed.
The value of 0 is the same as false …
… this forces an exact match between the cell and the values in the array/range.
The value of 1 is the same as true …
… this forces an approximate match between the cell and the values in the array/range.
If the data in the array/range is not sorted a value of 1 gives errors. [4 marks]

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25 Name:  Normal [1 mark]

Description:   Data that you would expect to work when the formulae are tested
Data that is within a given range of values [2 marks]
Name: Extreme [1 mark]
Description:   Data that you would expect to work when the formulae are tested
Data that is on the edge of the boundaries to be tested [2 marks]
Name: Abnormal [1 mark]
Description:  Data that you would expect to give an error when the formulae are tested
Data that is the wrong data type/has values outside the range of expected values [2 marks]

26 4 from:
Highlight the cells from which the data is to be extracted …
… as well as an extra row above the data.
Find the Sort & Filter section within the data tab.
Click on the Filter icon.
Select the drop-down arrow in the top cell of the column to be filtered.
Select the type of filter required/text filter/number filter/custom filter/untick the
check boxes. [4 marks]

27 Highlight all related data before performing the sort.

Make sure that data highlighted to be sorted does not include hidden rows. [2 marks]

28 4 from:
Embolden/make text bold.
Underscore/underline text.
Italicise/make text italic.
Highlight text/use highlighter tool.
Change font colour.
Change background colour of the cell using Fill. [4 marks]

29 To make sure that all the data in a cell is fully visible …

… without making the column width larger
… without making the font size smaller
… so that data fits on the page/window/screen. [4 marks]

30 a The number held in the cell does not change.

The way this number is displayed does change. [2 marks]

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b i  44
ii 43.7
iii 43.65
iv 43.652 [4 marks]

31 a Right mouse click on the letter C at the top of the column.

Select Hide from the drop-down menu. [2 marks]
b All numeric cells in column D should be formatted in sterling (£).
All numeric cells in column E should be formatted in euros (€).
All numeric cells in column F should be formatted in yen (¥).
All numeric cells in column G should be formatted as percentages (%) to
0/1 decimal places. [4 marks]

32 2 from:
Conditional formatting is used to change the display format …
… often the font/background colour within a cell …
… depending upon the contents of the cell. [2 marks]

33 Portrait
Landscape [2 marks]

●● 21 Website authoring
1 2 from:
A collection of individual but related web pages …
… that are often stored together …
… and hosted by a web server. [2 marks]

2 3 from:
Text
Sound
Video
Still images [3 marks]

3 content layer
presentation layer
behaviour layer [3 marks]

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4 a behaviour
b content
c content
d content
e presentation
f behaviour
g content
h content
i presentation
j content [10 marks]

5 a Hyper Text Markup Language … [1 mark]

… is a text based language.
It is used to develop the content layer/structure of websites. [2 marks]
b Cascading Stylesheet [1 mark]
2 from:
Is a text based language
Used to develop the presentation layer of websites
Can be embedded in the HTML or attached to a web page [2 marks]

6 a .htm
b .css [2 marks]

7 2 from:
It tells the browser …
… that the markup following this tag …
… will be written in hypertext markup language. [2 marks]

8 Head section [1 mark]

2 from:
Starts with <head> and closes with </head>
Objects in the head section are not usually displayed by the web browser.
Tags accepted by most browsers are: <base>, <link>, <meta>, <title>, <style> and <script>
The head section should always contain a title. [2 marks]
Body section [1 mark]
Starts with <body> and closes with </body>
Objects in the body section will usually be displayed in the web page. [2 marks]

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9 <!—Your name here --> [1 mark]

10 a Defines the text that follows as a list.

This may be a numbered, lettered or bulleted list. [2 marks]
b Defines the text that follows as paragraph style.
One from:
This is the text used for most body text in the web page.
This is the default style for text if no style is specified. [2 marks]
c Defines the text that follows as heading style 2.
One from:
This is the second of 6 pre-defined heading styles.
This is usually the second largest style. [2 marks]

11 a This adds a label to a table. It is placed just above the table on the webpage.
b This defines the text/image/object that follows as a piece of table data/the contents
of one cell in a table.
c This defines the start of a table row.
d This defines the end of a table row.
e This defines the start of a table
f This defines the start of the table header section
g This defines the start of the table footer section [7 marks]

12 a <table border="1">  [1 mark for border and 1 for ="1"][2 marks]

b <table border="">[1 mark]
c The table border may be not be visible/be hidden in the stylesheet attached to
the web page. [1 mark]

13 <table border="1" style="width:90%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">

[1 mark for each correct attribute
Attributes may be in any order and final ; is not required in the CSS] [4 marks]

14 Cell A)  <td style="text-align:justify;">

Cell B)  <td style="text-align:center;">
Cell C)  <td style="text-align:left;">
Cell D)  <td style="text-align:right;">
[1 mark for ="text-align: … "
1 mark for each correct alignment] [5 marks]

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15 Cell A)  <td style="vertical-align:top;">

Cell B)  <td style="vertical-align:middle;">
Cell C)  <td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
[1 mark for ="vertical-align: … "
1 mark for each correct alignment] [4 marks]

16 6 from:
The browser searches for the image source …
… in the current folder/same storage location as the webpage
… which is the file whale1.png
The browser sets a placeholder with a width of 300 pixels …
… and calculates the height using the aspect ratio of the image …
… and places the image in this placeholder.
The browser sets alternate text to "whale image"…
… so that this is displayed if the image is not available …
... so this is read if a text reader is being used to describe the page. [6 marks]

17 [1 mark for each correct row of the table] [6 marks]

File type Image file Bitmap image Image is suitable for Suitable for moving
web authoring images
.bmp Yes Yes No No
.gif Yes Yes Yes Yes
.jpg Yes Yes Yes No
.htm No No No No
.tif Yes No No No
.css No No No No
.png Yes Yes Yes No

18 First tag:  <video> [1 mark]

2 attributes from: width, height, controls [2 marks]
Second tag:  <source> [1 mark]
Attributes: src, type [2 marks]
Third tag:  </video> [1 mark]

19 RGB  Red, Green, Blue [1 mark]

20 a ff
b 255 [2 marks]

21 # [1 mark]

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22 # 004fff
Hexadecimal code has 6 digits [1 mark]
Hexadecimal code is preceded by a # [1 mark]
Digits in the correct order [1 mark]

23 4 from:
The syntax of the html and embedded css is correct
The background is a bright blue colour.
The text color for style h1 is a very slightly darker blue …
… and there is no contrast with the background colour.
This would make the text unreadable. [4 marks]

24 <h1>Fruit</h1>
<ol>
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Pear</li>
<li>Banana</li>
<li>Lemon</li>
</ol>
[1 mark each for <ol> and </ol> and 1 mark for all 5 <li> and </li>] [4 marks]

25 4 from:
<ul> and </ul> define an unordered list.
Unordered lists have bullet points …
… which can be different shapes (e.g. round, square, solid, outline etc).
<ol> and </ol> define an ordered list.
Ordered lists can be numbered.
Ordered lists can be lettered.
The style of the bullets/numbering is defined in the CSS. [4 marks]

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26 4 from:
A method of accessing a document or resource from your current application. Hyperlinks
do not just relate to webpages.
Hyperlinks can be used to create menu options with webpages.
They are accessed by clicking on objects, often text or images.
They can be used to open other webpages.
They can be used to open an email editor to send messages.
They can be used to move to different parts of the current webpage …
… and are often used to return the user to the top of the page/move the user to a
bookmark within the page. [4 marks]

27 2 from:
The <a> and </a> tags …
… are used to define the object used for the hyperlink …
… which may be text or an image. [2 marks]

28 a 2 from:
To bookmark/set a placeholder at this point in the webpage …
… that is called MantaRay …
… so that a hyperlink can be used …
… to move the user to this place. [2 marks]
b <h3>If you see a <a href="#Manta">manta ray</a>then please …
[1 mark for <a> and </a> tags, 1 mark for href="…" attribute, 1 for #MantaRay] [3 marks]

29 a Opens the web page in the current window.

b Opens the web page in a new window called _blank. [2 marks]

30 4 from:
When the text "Click here to contact us" is clicked on …
It opens an email editor ready to send an email.
The address line of the email will contain graham.a.brown@hotmail.co.uk
The subject line of the email will contain "New Workbook"
The %20 is replaced with a single space. [4 marks]

31 2 from:
One stylesheet can be developed and used on many web pages.
Using styles webpages makes pages consistent in the way the pages look/corporate
house styles can be applied.
Applying one stylesheet is much quicker and easier than applying individual
styles to each tag. [2 marks]

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32 The head section [1 mark]

33 The last/lowest stylesheet attached has priority. [1 mark]

34 The style attribute [1 mark]

35 ; (semi-colon) [1 mark]

36 a body
b background-color:
c #ff0000 [3 marks]

37 /* Your name here */ [1 mark]

38 a Centre is mis-spelled., it should be center.

b The sans-serif should not be in speech marks; it is a generic font type, not the name of a font.
c Font-weight is incorrect for italic, it should be font-style:italic
d The browser does not look for the font Times or Abril, it selects its default serif font.
e The hexadecimal colour cannot contain the letter h.
f The font Arial MT Bold should have speech marks around it. This will not work in all browsers.
g This should be justify not justified.
h There is no semicolon between the declarations. [8 marks]

39 body  {background-position: right top}

[1 mark for body, 1 for {background-position: …}, 1 for right, 1 for top] [4 marks]

40 . (full stop/dot) [1 mark]

41 Line 1:  Sets the background colour of the table to blue.

Line 2:  Collapses the two borders between cells into a single border.
Line 3:  Sets the border style of the table to solid lines (not dotted, dashed or double).
Line 4:  Sets the width of the external table border to 4 pixels wide. [4 marks]

42 Lack of bandwidth as they only pay for domestic internet connectivity.

Lack of technical expertise on the part of the user. [2 marks]

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43 4 from:
File Transfer Protocol
FTP is used to transfer/upload files from one computer to another.
FTP can handle very large file sizes.
FTP requires an FTP host and client software.
You require the details of the host server, a user name, password and port number
before you can upload a file using FTP. [4 marks]

44 a Functional testing
b User testing [2 marks]

45 a 2 from:
Is the table structure correct?
Do all images appear as planned?
Are all objects that are not supposed to be visible hidden from the user?
Do all internal hyperlinks work?
b 2 from:
Can each page be found from the expected URL?
Do all links between pages work as expected?
Do all external hyperlinks open the correct web pages? [4 marks]

46 Any job description relating to IT specialists, e.g. Analyst, Programmer [1 mark]

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