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Exclusive economic zone

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Contents Not to be confused with Special economic zone.
Featured content An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a state has
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special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.[1] It stretches from the
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baseline out to 200 nautical miles (nmi) from its coast. In colloquial usage, the term may include the continental shelf. The term does not include either
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Wikipedia store the territorial sea or the continental shelf beyond the 200 nmi limit. The difference between the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone is that
the first confers full sovereignty over the waters, whereas the second is merely a "sovereign right" which refers to the coastal state's rights below the
Interaction surface of the sea. The surface waters, as can be seen in the map, are international waters.[2]
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About Wikipedia Contents [hide]
Community portal 1 Definition
Recent changes
2 Origin
Contact page
3 Disputes
Tools 3.1 Potential disputes
What links here 3.2 Resolved disputes
Related changes 4 Transboundary stocks
Upload file 5 By country
Special pages 5.1 Argentina
Permanent link
5.2 Australia
Page information
5.3 Brazil
Wikidata item
Cite this page 5.4 Canada
5.5 Chile
In other projects
5.6 China
Wikimedia Commons 5.7 Cyprus Sea areas in international rights

Print/export
5.8 Denmark
5.9 France
Create a book
Download as PDF 5.10 Greece
Printable version 5.11 India
5.12 Israel
Languages
5.13 Japan
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
5.14 Mexico
Español
5.15 New Zealand
िह ी
Bahasa Indonesia
5.16 North Korea
Bahasa Melayu 5.17 Norway
Русский 5.18 Philippines
The World's exclusive economic zones, shown in dark blue
Slovenčina 5.19 Poland
‫اردو‬ 5.20 Portugal
中文
5.21 Russia
45 more 5.22 Somalia
Edit links 5.23 South Africa
5.24 South Korea
5.25 United Kingdom
5.26 United States
5.27 Vietnam
6 Rankings by area
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links

Definition [ edit ]

Generally, a state's exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, extending seaward to a distance of no more than
200 nmi (370 km) out from its coastal baseline. The exception to this rule occurs when exclusive economic zones would overlap; that is, state coastal
baselines are less than 400 nmi (740 km) apart. When an overlap occurs, it is up to the states to delineate the actual maritime boundary.[3] Generally,
any point within an overlapping area defaults to the nearest state.[4]

A state's exclusive economic zone starts at the seaward edge of its territorial sea and extends outward to a distance of 200 nmi (370 km) from the
baseline. The exclusive economic zone stretches much further into sea than the territorial waters, which end at 12 nmi (22 km) from the coastal
baseline (if following the rules set out in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea).[5] Thus, the exclusive economic zones includes the contiguous
zone. States also have rights to the seabed of what is called the continental shelf up to 350 nmi (650 km) from the coastal baseline, beyond the
exclusive economic zones, but such areas are not part of their exclusive economic zones. The legal definition of the continental shelf does not directly EEZs in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean
correspond to the geological meaning of the term, as it also includes the continental rise and slope, and the entire seabed within the exclusive
economic zone.

Origin [ edit ]

The idea of allotting nations EEZs to give them more control of maritime affairs outside territorial limits gained acceptance in the late 20th century.

Initially, a country's sovereign territorial waters extended 3 nmi or 5.6 km (range of cannon shot) beyond the shore. In modern times, a country's
sovereign territorial waters extend to 12 nmi (22 km) beyond the shore. One of the first assertions of exclusive jurisdiction beyond the traditional
territorial seas was made by the United States in the Truman Proclamation of September 28, 1945. However, it was Chile and Peru respectively that
first claimed maritime zones of 200 nautical miles with the Presidential Declaration Concerning Continental Shelf of 23 June 1947 (El Mercurio, EEZs in the Pacific Ocean
Santiago de Chile, 29 June 1947) and Presidential Decree No. 781 of 1 August 1947 (El Peruano: Diario Oficial. Vol. 107, No. 1983, 11 August
1947).[6]

It was not until 1982 with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea that the 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone was formally adopted.

Disputes [ edit ]

The exact extent of exclusive economic zones is a common source of conflicts between states over marine waters.

Norway and Russia dispute both territorial sea and EEZ with regard to the Svalbard archipelago as it affects Russia's EEZ due to its unique treaty status. A treaty was agreed in principle in April 2010
between the two states and subsequently ratified, resolving this demarcation dispute.[7] The agreement was signed in Murmansk on September 15, 2010.[8]
The South China Sea (and the Spratly Islands) is the site of an ongoing dispute between several neighboring nations.
Croatia's ZERP (Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone) in the Adriatic Sea caused friction with Italy and Slovenia, and caused problems during Croatia's accession to the European Union.
A wedge-shaped section of the Beaufort Sea is disputed between Canada and the United States, as the area reportedly contains substantial oil reserves.
France claims a portion of Canada's EEZ for Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon based on a new definition of the continental shelf and EEZ between the two countries. Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon is entirely
surrounded by Canada's EEZ.
Mauritius claims EEZ for Tromelin from France and EEZ for British Indian Ocean Territory from the UK.
Turkey claims a portion of Cyprus's EEZ based on Turkey's peculiar[9][10][11] definition that no islands, including Cyprus, can have full EEZ[12][13] and should only entitled to a 12 nautical mile reduced
EEZ rather than the usual 200 that Turkey and every other country are entitled to, including an area to the south of Cyprus containing an offshore gas field. Furthermore, the internationally
unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which was created as result of the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus, also claims portions of Cypriot EEZ. Cyprus and the international community
do not acknowledge the Turkish claims[14][15][16][17] on Cyprus's land and sea, which are viewed as illegal under international law[a] and urge Turkey to restrain itself from illegal drilling for gas in the
island's EEZ.[b] Furthermore, EU has threatened Turkey with economic and political sanctions for violating the Cypriot EEZ.[34][35]
Lebanon claims that the agreement between Cyprus and Israel overlapped its own EEZ.

Potential disputes [ edit ]

Regions where a permanent ice shelf extends beyond the coastline are also a source of potential dispute.[36]

Resolved disputes [ edit ]

The Cod Wars between the United Kingdom and Iceland occurred periodically over many decades, until they were resolved with a final agreement in 1976.
In 1999, following the Hanish Islands conflict, the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruled that the EEZs of Yemen and Eritrea should be demarcated equidistantly between the mainlands of the two
nations, without taking account of sovereignty over the islands.[37][38]
In 2009, in a dispute between Romania and Ukraine over Snake Island, the UN International Court of Justice decided that Snake Island has no EEZ beyond 12 nautical miles of its own land.[39]

Transboundary stocks [ edit ]

See also: Highly migratory species

Fisheries management, usually adhering to guidelines set by the FAO, provides significant practical mechanisms for the control of EEZs. Transboundary fish stocks are an important concept in this
control.[40] Transboundary stocks are fish stocks that range in the EEZs of at least two countries. Straddling stocks, on the other hand, range both within an EEZ as well as in the high seas, outside any
EEZ. A stock can be both transboundary and straddling.[41]

By country [ edit ]

Argentina [ edit ]

Argentina's exclusive economic zone including

territorial claims. Considering the maritime areas
claimed, the total area of the Argentine reaches
3,849,756 km²

Australia [ edit ]
See also: Australia–Indonesia border, Timor Sea Treaty, and Australian Whale Sanctuary

Australia's Exclusive Economic Zone was declared on 1 August 1994, and extends from 12 nautical miles to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from the
coastline of Australia and its external territories, except where a maritime delimitation agreement exists with another state.[42][43] To the 12 nautical
miles boundary is Australia's territorial waters. Australia has the third largest exclusive economic zone, behind France and the United States, but
ahead of Russia, with the total area of 8,148,250 square kilometres, which actually exceeds its land territory.

The United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf confirmed, in April 2008, Australia's rights over an additional 2.5 million square
kilometres of seabed beyond the limits of Australia's EEZ.[44][45] Australia also claimed, in its submission to the UN Commission on the Limits of the
Continental Shelf, additional Continental Shelf past its EEZ from the Australian Antarctic Territory,[46] but these claims were deferred on Australia's Australia's exclusive economic zones including
Antarctic claim
request. However, Australia's EEZ from its Antarctic Territory is approximately 2 million square kilometres.[45]

EEZ Area (km2)[45]

Heard and McDonald Islands 410,722
Christmas Island 463,371
Cocos Islands 325,021
Norfolk Island 428,618
Macquarie Island 471,837
Mainland Australia, Tasmania and minor islands 6,048,681
Australian Antarctic Territory 2,000,000[status 1]
Total 10,148,250

Brazil [ edit ]

Brazil's exclusive economic zones

Brazil's EEZ includes areas around the Fernando de Noronha Islands, St Paul and St. Peter Archipelago and the Trindade and Martim Islands.

EEZ Area (km2)[47]

Brazil 2 570 917
Fernando de Noronha 363 362
St Paul and St. Peter Archipelago 413 636
Trindade & Martim Vaz Isl. 468 599
Total 3 830 955

In 2004, the country submitted its claims to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) to extend its maritime continental margin.[48]

Canada [ edit ]

Canada is unusual in that its exclusive economic zone, covering 5,599,077 km2 (2,161,816 sq mi), is slightly smaller than its territorial waters.[49] The
latter generally extend only 12 nautical miles from the shore, but also include inland marine waters such as Hudson Bay (about 300 nautical miles
(560 km; 350 mi) across), the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the internal waters of the Arctic archipelago.

Chile [ edit ]

Canada's exclusive economic zone and territorial

waters

Chile's exclusive economic zones, including

Antarctic claim

Chile's EEZ includes areas around the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Islands.

Region EEZ Area (km2)[50] Land area Total

Mainland 1 975 760 755 757 2 731 517

Desventuradas 449 836 5 449 841

Easter 720 412 164 720 576

Juan Fernandez 502 524 100 502 624

Total 3 648 532 755 921 4 404 453

China [ edit ]

The first figure excludes all disputed waters, while the last figure indicates China's claimed boundaries, and does not take into account neighboring
powers' claims.

People's Republic of China's exclusive economic

zone:
China's EEZ
877,019 km2
EEZ claimed by China, disputed by Taiwan
EEZ claimed by China, disputed by others
3,000,000 km2 Total:3,877,019

Cyprus [ edit ]

The Exclusive Economic Zone of Cyprus covers more than 70,000 km2 and is divided between 13 exploration blocks. The process of the establishment of Cyprus,
Israel and Lebanon Exclusive Economic Zones was held in Nicosia in 2010 with separate meetings between each country.[51] Cyprus and Israel as part of their
wider cooperation have agreed to start their gas explorations with a common American company, specifically Noble Energy. Cypriot and Israeli governments are
discussing to export their natural gas through the shipping of compressed Natural Gas to Greece and then to the rest of Europe or through a subsea Pipelines
starting from Israel and then leading to Greece via Cyprus.[52][53]

Denmark [ edit ]

Exclusive economic zone between

Israel and Cyprus as signed in Nicosia.
(Labels in Hebrew.)

The exclusive economic zones and territorial

waters of the Kingdom of Denmark

The Kingdom of Denmark includes the constituent country (selvstyre) of Greenland and the constituent country (hjemmestyre) of the Faroe Islands.

Region EEZ & TW Area (km2)[54] Land area Total

Denmark 105 989 42 506 149 083

Faroe Islands 260 995 1 399 262 394

Greenland 2 184 254 2 166 086 4 350 340

Total 2 551 238 2 210 579 4 761 817

France [ edit ]

Due to its numerous overseas departments and territories scattered on all oceans of the planet, France possesses the largest EEZ in the world,
covering 11,691,000 km2 (4,513,920 mi2)[55]. The EEZ of France covers approximately 8% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world, whereas
the land area of the French Republic is only 0.45% of the total land area of the Earth.

Greece [ edit ]

Greece has claimed an exclusive economic zone, as it is entitled to do so, as per UNCLOS 1982 as well as customary international law.[56]
Exclusive economic zones of France, including
According to published maps, the Israel government has recognized the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) of Greece and Cyprus. They describe the Antarctic territorial claim
course of the gas pipeline which will transfer gas produced by American Νoble Εnergy Ltd. from the Leviathan reservoir to Europe, through an
undersea pipeline crossing Greece. The gas pipeline should traverse the sea area, which according to international law, is part of the Greek EEZ. By
this proposal, Israel recognizes the Greek EEZ in the area and offers an advantage that Greece can use during negotiation procedures to support its claims on the area. In practice, this cooperation will
set up a powerful energy coalition between Greece, Cyprus and Israel. The mining and operating part will be undertaken by an American company.[57] "The substance of the issue is that in an effort to
protect and secure vital Israeli interests in the Mediterranean Sea, Israel has been left with no choice other than to officially delimit its maritime borders".[58]

India [ edit ]

India's exclusive economic zones

Mainland India and Lakshadweep, 1,641,514 km2

Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 663,629 km2
Total: 2,305,143 km2

India is currently seeking to extend its EEZ to 350 miles.[59]

Israel [ edit ]

In 2010, an agreement was signed with Cyprus concerning the limit of territorial waters between Israel and Cyprus at the maritime halfway point, a clarification essential for safeguarding Israel's rights to
oil and underwater gas reservoirs. The agreement was signed in Nicosia by Israeli Infrastructure Minister Uzi Landau and the Cypriot Foreign Minister Markos Kyprianou. The two countries agreed to
cooperate in the development of any cross border resources discovered, and to negotiate an agreement on dividing joint resources.

Japan [ edit ]
Main article: Exclusive economic zone of Japan

EEZ Area (km2)

Marcus Island 428,875
Nanpō Islands 862,782
Pacific Ocean (Japan) 1,162,334
Ryukyu Islands 1,394,676
Sea of Japan 630,721
Daito Islands 44
Senkaku Islands 7 Japan's exclusive economic zones:
Japan's EEZ
Sea of Okhotsk 235
Joint regime with Republic of Korea
[60]
Total 4,479,674
EEZ claimed by Japan, disputed by others

Japan has disputes over its EEZ boundaries with all its Asian neighbors (Russia, Republic of Korea, China and Taiwan). The above, and relevant
maps at the Sea Around Us Project[61][62] both indicate Japan's claimed boundaries, and do not take into account neighboring powers' claims.

Japan also refers to various categories of "shipping area" – Smooth Water Area, Coasting Area, Major or Greater Coasting Area , Ocean Going Area – but it is unclear whether these are intended to
have any territorial or economic implications.

Mexico [ edit ]

Mexico's exclusive economic zones comprise a total surface area of 3,144,295 km2, and places Mexico among the countries with the largest areas in
the world.[63] This puts Mexico's total territory as 5,153,735 km2.

New Zealand [ edit ]

Main article: Exclusive economic zone of New Zealand

Exclusive economic zone of Mexico

Exclusive economic zones of the

Realm of New Zealand, including the
Ross Dependency (shaded)

New Zealand's EEZ covers 4,083,744 km2 (1,576,742 sq mi),[64][65] which is approximately fifteen times the land area of the country. Sources vary significantly on the size of New Zealand's EEZ; for
example, a recent government publication gave the area as roughly 4,300,000 km2.[66] These figures are for the EEZ of New Zealand proper, and do not include the EEZs of other territories in the Realm
of New Zealand (Tokelau, Niue, the Cook Islands and the Ross Dependency).

North Korea [ edit ]

Main article: Exclusive economic zone of North Korea

The exclusive economic zone of North Korea stretches 200 nautical miles from its basepoints in both the West Sea (Yellow Sea) and the Sea of Japan.[67] The
EEZ was declared in 1977 after North Korea had contested the validity of the Northern Limit Lines (NLL) set up after the Korean War as maritime borders.[68] The
EEZ has not been codified in law and North Korea has never specified its coordinates, making it difficult to determine its specific scope.[69]

In the West Sea, the EEZ remains unspecified in the Korean Bay because China has not determined its own EEZ in the area.[70] The border between the North
Korean and South Korean EEZs in the West Sea cannot be determined because of potential overlap and disputes over certain islands.[71]

In the Sea of Japan, the North Korean EEZ can be approximated to be trapezoidal-shaped.[72] The border between North Korea and Russia's respective EEZs is
the only such border that has been determined in East Asia.[73] Here, the EEZ does not cause many problems, even with regards to South Korea, because the sea The exclusive economic zone of
North Korea
is not thought to be rich in resources.[72]

Norway [ edit ]

Norway's exclusive economic zones, including

dependent territory Bouvet Island

Norway has a large exclusive economic zone of 819 620 km2 around its coast. The country has a fishing zone of 1,878,953 km2, including fishing zones around Svalbard and Jan Mayen.[74]

In April 2009, the United Nations Commission for the Limits of the Continental Shelf approved Norway's claim to an additional 235,000 square kilometres of continental shelf. The commission found that
Norway and Russia both had valid claims over a portion of shelf in the Barents Sea.[75]

Region EEZ & TW Area (km2) Land area Total

Mainland 1 273 482 323 802 1 597 284

Svalbard 402 574 61 002 463 576

Jan Mayen 273 118 373 273 491

Bouvet Island 436 004 49 436 053

Total 2 385 178 385 226 2 770 404

Philippines [ edit ]
Main article: Exclusive economic zone of the Philippines

The exclusive economic zone of the

Philippines shown in the lighter blue
shade, with Archepelagic Waters in the
darkest blue

The Philippines' EEZ covers 2,263,816 km2 (874,064 sq mi).[76]

Poland [ edit ]
Main article: Exclusive economic zone of Poland

The Polish EEZ covers the area of 30,533 km2 (11,789 sq mi) within the Baltic Sea.[77]

Portugal [ edit ]
Main article: Exclusive economic zone of Portugal

Portugal has the 20th largest EEZ in the world. Presently, it is divided in three non-contiguous sub-zones:

Continental Portugal 327,667 km2

Azores 953,633 km2
Madeira 446,108 km2
Total : 1,727,408 km2

Portugal submitted a claim to extend its jurisdiction over additional 2.15 million square kilometers of the neighboring continental shelf in May 2009,[79]
resulting in an area with a total of more than 3,877,408 km2. The submission, as well as a detailed map, can be found in the Task Group for the
extension of the Continental Shelf website.

Spain disputes the EEZ's southern border, maintaining that it should be drawn halfway between Madeira and the Canary Islands. But Portugal
exercises sovereignty over the Savage Islands, a small archipelago north of the Canaries, claiming an EEZ border further south. Spain objects,
arguing that the Savage Islands do not have a separate continental shelf,[80] citing article 121 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Portugal's Exclusive Economic Zones plus
Sea.[81] submitted Extended Continental Shelf to the UN[78]

Russia [ edit ]

Kaliningrad (Baltic Sea) – 11,634 km2

St. Petersburg (Baltic Sea) – 12,759 km2
Barents Sea – 1,308,140 km2
Black Sea (without the Crimean EEZ) – 66,854 km2
Pacific – 3,419,202 km2
Siberia – 3,277,292 km2
Total – 8,095,881 km2[82]
Russia's exclusive economic zone
Somalia [ edit ]
Main article: Exclusive economic zone of Somalia

Somalia's exclusive economic zone

825,052 km2

South Africa [ edit ]

South Africa's maritime zones,

including the exclusive economic zone

South Africa's EEZ includes both that next to the African mainland and that around the Prince Edward Islands, totalling 1,535,538 km2.[83]

Mainland – 1,068,659 km2

Prince Edward islands – 466,879 km2

South Korea [ edit ]

See also: Syngman Rhee Line

South Korean exclusive economic zone:

Korean EEZ
EEZ claimed by Republic of Korea and Japan
Joint regime with Japan

Area: 300,851 (225,214) km2

United Kingdom [ edit ]

The United Kingdom's exclusive economic zone is the fifth largest in the world at 6,805,586 square km. It comprises the exclusive economic zones
surrounding the United Kingdom,[85] the Crown Dependencies, and the British Overseas Territories. The figure does not include the EEZ of the British The exclusive economic zones of the United
Antarctic Territory. The exclusive economic zones associated with the Falkland Islands and South Georgia are disputed by Argentina. The EEZ of the Kingdom in blue, including the British Overseas
Territories and the Crown Dependencies. The British
Chagos archipelago also known as the British Indian Ocean Territory is also disputed with Mauritius which considers the EEZ as part of its territory.
claim in Antarctica is shown in shaded blue.[84]
The UK was late to establish an EEZ, relying on overlapping maritime zones for fisheries, pollution control, and energy matters. The Marine and
Coastal Access Act 2009 gave the powers to establish an EEZ, with the zone defined by The Exclusive Economic Zone Order 2013 which came into
force on 31 March 2014.[86][87]
British Isles EEZ
Only the United Kingdom and Gibraltar are part of the EU. The Crown dependencies and the remaining overseas territories (that is, all except Gibraltar) are not
part of the EU. The United Kingdom has not as yet claimed its rights with regards to Gibraltar or the Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus.

Areas of EEZs of the UK, crown dependencies and overseas territories[83]

Territory km2 sq mi Notes
United Kingdom 773,676 298,718 includes Rockall and the Isle of Man
Anguilla 92,178 35,590
Ascension Island† 441,658 170,525
Bermuda 450,370 173,890
British Indian Ocean Territory 638,568 246,552 disputed with Mauritius
British Virgin Islands 80,117 30,933
Cayman Islands 119,137 45,999
Channel Islands 11,658 4,501
Falkland Islands 550,872 212,693 disputed with Argentina
Gibraltar 426 164 disputed with Spain
Montserrat 7,582 2,927
Pitcairn Island 836,108 322,823
Saint Helena† 444,916 171,783
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 1,449,532 559,667 disputed with Argentina
Tristan da Cunha archipelago† 754,720 291,400
Turks and Caicos Islands 154,068 59,486
Total 6,805,586 2,627,651

†Part of the overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, which together has an EEZ of 1,641,294 square km.

United States [ edit ]

The United States' exclusive economic zone is the second largest in the world, covering 11,351,000 km2. Areas of its EEZ are located in three
oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea. Exclusive economic zones of the United States,
including insular areas
Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act

The sizes of the components of the US EEZ/territorial seas are (in decreasing size):[88]

Alaska – 3,770,021 km2 (1,455,613 sq mi)

Hawaii – Northwest Islands – 1,579,538 km2 (609,863 sq mi)
U.S. East Coast – 915,763 km2 (353,578 sq mi)
Hawaii – Main Islands – 895,346 km2 (345,695 sq mi)
U.S. West Coast – 825,549 km2 (318,746 sq mi)
Northern Marianas – 749,268 km2 (289,294 sq mi)
Mainland Gulf Coast – 707,832 km2 (273,295 sq mi)
Johnston Atoll – 442,635 km2 (170,902 sq mi)
Howland and Baker Islands – 434,921 km2 (167,924 sq mi)
Wake Island – 407,241 km2 (157,237 sq mi)
American Samoa – 404,391 km2 (156,136 sq mi)
Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef – 352,300 km2 (136,000 sq mi)
Jarvis Island – 316,665 km2 (122,265 sq mi)
Guam – 221,504 km2 (85,523 sq mi)
Puerto Rico – 177,685 km2 (68,605 sq mi)
U.S. Virgin Islands – 33,744 km2 (13,029 sq mi)

Total: 11,351,000 km2 (4,383,000 sq mi)

Vietnam [ edit ]
Main article: Exclusive economic zone of Vietnam

Vietnam has an exclusive economic zone of 417,663 km2 (161,261 sq mi). It includes the Paracel Islands and Spratly Islands. It has disputes mainly with China
due to the Nine-Dash Line.
Territorial claims in the South China
Sea. Vietnam's EEZ has a blue line.
Rankings by area [ edit ]

This list includes dependent territories within their sovereign states (including uninhabited territories), but does not include claims on Antarctica. EEZ+TIA is exclusive economic zone (EEZ) plus total
internal area (TIA) which includes land and internal waters.

Rank Country EEZ km2[83] Shelf km2 EEZ+TIA km2

1 France 11,691,000 579,422 12,366,417
2 United States 11,351,000 2,193,526 21,814,306
3 Australia 8,505,348 2,194,008 16,197,464
4 Russia 7,566,673 3,817,843 24,664,915
5 United Kingdom 6,805,586 872,891 7,048,486
6 Indonesia 6,159,032 2,039,381 8,063,601
7 Canada 5,599,077 2,644,795 15,607,077
8 Japan 4,479,388 214,976 4,857,318
9 New Zealand 4,083,744 277,610 4,352,424
10 Brazil 3,830,955 774,563 12,345,832
11 Chile 3,681,989 252,947 4,431,381
12 Kiribati 3,441,810 7,523 3,442,536
13 Mexico 3,269,386 419,102 5,141,968
14 Federated States of Micronesia 2,996,419 19,403 2,997,121
15 Denmark 2,551,238 495,657 4,761,811
16 Papua New Guinea 2,402,288 191,256 2,865,128
17 Norway 2,385,178 434,020 2,770,404
18 India 2,305,143 402,996 5,592,406
19 Marshall Islands 1,990,530 18,411 1,990,711
20 Portugal 1,727,408 28,000 1,819,498
21 Philippines 1,590,780 272,921 1,890,780
22 Solomon Islands 1,589,477 36,282 1,618,373
23 South Africa 1,535,538 156,337 2,756,575
24 Seychelles 1,336,559 39,063 1,337,014
25 Mauritius 1,284,997 29,061 1,287,037
26 Fiji 1,282,978 47,705 1,301,250
27 Madagascar 1,225,259 101,505 1,812,300
28 Argentina 1,159,063 856,346 3,939,463[89]
29 Ecuador 1,077,231 41,034 1,333,600
30 Spain 1,039,233 77,920 1,545,225
31 Maldives 923,322 34,538 923,622
32 Peru 906,454 82,000 2,191,670
33 China 877,019 231,340 10,473,980
34 Somalia 825,052 55,895 1,462,709
35 Colombia 808,158 53,691 1,949,906
36 Cape Verde 800,561 5,591 804,594
37 Iceland 751,345 108,015 854,345
38 Tuvalu 749,790 3,575 749,816
39 Vanuatu 663,251 11,483 675,440
40 Tonga 659,558 8,517 660,305
41 Bahamas 654,715 106,323 668,658
42 Palau 603,978 2,837 604,437
43 Mozambique 578,986 94,212 1,380,576
44 Morocco 575,230 115,157 1,287,780
45 Costa Rica 574,725 19,585 625,825
46 Namibia 564,748 86,698 1,388,864
47 Yemen 552,669 59,229 1,080,637
48 Italy 541,915 116,834 843,251
49 Oman 533,180 59,071 842,680
50 Myanmar 532,775 220,332 1,209,353
51 Sri Lanka 532,619 32,453 598,229
52 Angola 518,433 48,092 1,765,133
53 Greece 505,572 81,451 637,529
54 South Korea 475,469 342,522 575,469
55 Venezuela 471,507 98,500 1,387,950
56 Vietnam 417,663 365,198 748,875
57 Ireland 410,310 139,935 480,583
58 Libya 351,589 64,763 2,111,129
59 Cuba 350,751 61,525 460,637
60 Panama 335,646 53,404 411,163
61 Malaysia 334,671 323,412 665,474
62 Nauru 308,480 41 308,501
63 Equatorial Guinea 303,509 7,820 331,560
64 Thailand 299,397 230,063 812,517
65 Pakistan 290,000 51,383 1,117,911
66 Egypt 263,451 61,591 1,265,451
67 Turkey 261,654 56,093 1,045,216
68 Jamaica 258,137 9,802 269,128
69 Dominican Republic 255,898 10,738 304,569
70 Liberia 249,734 17,715 361,103
71 Honduras 249,542 68,718 362,034
72 Tanzania 241,888 25,611 1,186,975
73 Ghana 235,349 22,502 473,888
74 Saudi Arabia 228,633 107,249 2,378,323
75 Nigeria 217,313 42,285 1,141,081
76 Sierra Leone 215,611 28,625 287,351
77 Gabon 202,790 35,020 470,458
78 Barbados 186,898 426 187,328
79 Côte d'Ivoire 176,254 10,175 498,717
80 Iran 168,718 118,693 1,797,468
81 Mauritania 165,338 31,662 1,190,858
82 Comoros 163,752 1,526 165,987
83 Sweden 160,885 154,604 602,255
84 Senegal 158,861 23,092 355,583
85 Netherlands 154,011 77,246 192,345
85 Ukraine 147,318 79,142 750,818
86 Uruguay 142,166 75,327 318,381
87 Guyana 137,765 50,578 352,734
88 São Tomé and Príncipe 131,397 1,902 132,361
89 Samoa 127,950 2,087 130,781
90 Suriname 127,772 53,631 291,592
91 Haiti 126,760 6,683 154,510
92 Algeria 126,353 9,985 2,508,094
93 Nicaragua 123,881 70,874 254,254
94 Guinea-Bissau 123,725 39,339 159,850
95 Kenya 116,942 11,073 697,309
96 Guatemala 114,170 14,422 223,059
97 Antigua and Barbuda 110,089 4,128 110,531
98 Tunisia 101,857 67,126 265,467
99 Cyprus 98,707 4,042 107,958
100 El Salvador 90,962 16,852 112,003
101 Finland 87,171 85,109 425,590
102 Bangladesh 86,392 66,438 230,390
103 Taiwan 83,231 43,016 119,419
104 Eritrea 77,728 61,817 195,328
105 Trinidad and Tobago 74,199 25,284 79,329
106 East Timor 70,326 25,648 85,200
107 Sudan 68,148 19,827 1,954,216
108 Cambodia 62,515 62,515 243,550
109 Guinea 59,426 44,755 305,283
110 Croatia 59,032 50,277 115,626
111 United Arab Emirates 58,218 57,474 141,818
112 Germany 57,485 57,485 414,599
113 Malta 54,823 5,301 55,139
114 Estonia 36,992 36,992 82,219
115 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 36,302 1,561 36,691
116 Belize 35,351 13,178 58,317
117 Bulgaria 34,307 10,426 145,186
118 Benin 33,221 2,721 145,843
119 Qatar 31,590 31,590 43,176
120 Congo, Republic of the 31,017 7,982 373,017
121 Poland 29,797 29,797 342,482
122 Dominica 28,985 659 29,736
123 Latvia 28,452 27,772 93,011
124 Grenada 27,426 2,237 27,770
125 Israel 26,352 3,745 48,424
126 Romania 23,627 19,303 262,018
127 Gambia 23,112 5,581 34,407
128 Georgia 21,946 3,243 91,646
129 Lebanon 19,516 1,067 29,968
130 Cameroon 16,547 11,420 491,989
131 Saint Lucia 15,617 544 16,156
132 Albania 13,691 6,979 42,439
133 Togo 12,045 1,265 68,830
134 Kuwait 11,026 11,026 28,844
135 Syria 10,503 1,085 195,683
136 Bahrain 10,225 10,225 10,975
137 Brunei 10,090 8,509 15,855
138 Saint Kitts and Nevis 9,974 653 10,235
139 Montenegro 7,745 3,896 21,557
140 Djibouti 7,459 3,187 30,659
141 Lithuania 7,031 7,031 72,331
142 Belgium 3,447 3,447 33,975
143 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,606 1,593 2,346,464
144 Singapore 1,067 1,067 1,772
145 Iraq 771 771 439,088
146 Monaco 288 2 290
147 Palestine 256 256 6,276
148 Slovenia 220 220 20,493
149 Jordan 166 59 89,508
150 Bosnia and Herzegovina 50 50 51,259
151 Kazakhstan 2,724,900
152 Mongolia 1,564,100
153 Chad 1,284,000
154 Niger 1,267,000
155 Mali 1,240,192
156 Ethiopia 1,104,300
157 Bolivia 1,098,581
158 Zambia 752,612
159 Afghanistan 652,090
160 Central African Republic 622,984
161 South Sudan 619,745
162 Botswana 582,000
163 Turkmenistan 488,100
164 Uzbekistan 447,400
165 Paraguay 406,752
166 Zimbabwe 390,757
167 Burkina Faso 274,222
168 Uganda 241,038
169 Laos 236,800
170 Belarus 207,600
171 Kyrgyzstan 199,951
172 Nepal 147,181
173 Tajikistan 143,100
174 Malawi 118,484
175 Hungary 93,028
176 Azerbaijan 86,600
177 Austria 83,871
178 Czech Republic 78,867
179 Serbia 77,474
180 Slovakia 49,035
181 Switzerland 41,284
182 Bhutan 38,394
183 Moldova 33,846
184 Lesotho 30,355
185 Armenia 29,743
186 Burundi 27,834
187 Rwanda 26,338
188 North Macedonia 25,713
189 Swaziland 17,364
190 Kosovo[a] 10,887
191 Luxembourg 2,586
192 Andorra 468
193 Liechtenstein 160
194 San Marino 61
195 Vatican City 0.44
Total United Nations 137,159,222 25,103,204 274,004,586

See also [ edit ]

Air Defense Identification Zone Business and

Baseline economics portal

Continental shelf
International waters
R v Marshall
Special economic zone
Territorial waters

Notes [ edit ]

a. ^ Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008, but
Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement. Kosovo has been recognized
as an independent state by 112 out of 193 United Nations member states, while 12 states have recognized Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition.
1. ^ The reference gives an approximate figure of 2 million square kilometres for the EEZ claimed by Australia as part of its Antarctic Territory. This is in addition to the 8 million square kilometre total given in the reference.
This EEZ is also distinct from the 2.56 million square kilometres of additional continental shelf mentioned in the reference.

References [ edit ]

a. ^ See:[18][19][20][21][22]
b. ^ See:[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]

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Works cited:

Suk Kyoon Kim (2017). Maritime Disputes in Northeast Asia: Regional Challenges and Cooperation . Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-34422-8.
Kotch, John Barry; Abbey, Michael (2003). "Ending naval clashes on the Northern Limit Line and the quest for a West Sea peace regime" (PDF). Asian Perspectives. 27 (2): 175–204. Archived from
the original (PDF) on 25 July 2011.
Prescott, John Robert Victor; Schofield, Clive H. (2001). Furness, Shelagh (ed.). "Undelimited Maritime Boundaries of the Asian Rim in the Pacific Ocean" . Maritime Briefing. Durham: International
Boundaries Research Unit, University of Durham. 3 (1). ISBN 978-1-897643-43-3.
Van Dyke, Jon M. (2009). "Disputes Over Islands and Maritime Boundaries in East Asia" . In Seoung Yong Hong, Jon M.; Van Dyke (eds.). Maritime Boundary Disputes, Settlement Processes, and
the Law of the Sea. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 39–76. ISBN 978-90-04-17343-9.

External links [ edit ]

marineregions.org interactive map , showing boundaries and disputes Wikimedia Commons has
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea – Part V media related to Exclusive
economic zones.
Sea Around Us Project – View the EEZ of all nations (Note that this site does not distinguish between territorial waters and the EEZ, and so tends to
overstate EEZ areas.)
The USA zone since 1977
GIS data: VLIZ.be
Foreign Military Activities in Asian EEZs: Conflict Ahead? by Mark J. Valencia (May 2011)
EEZ Management

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