Wardaya College Departemen Matematika

SOLUSI SOAL OLIMPIADE MATEMATIKA

Persiapan Olimpiade Sains Provinsi dan Nasional Tingkat SMA
Departemen Matematika - Wardaya College
MMXVIII-VIII

Dimisalkan; AB = AC = BC = a
C
1. BD = p AD = a - p

CE = q AE = a – q
Φ

a a ED + BC = BD + CE

E ED + a = p + q

ED = p + q – a

Menurut aturan Cosinus:

A D a B 𝐸𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐸 2 + 𝐴𝐷2 − 2. 𝐴𝐸. 𝐴𝐷. cos 60
(𝑝 + 𝑞 − 𝑎)2 = (𝑎 − 𝑞)2 + (𝑎 − 𝑝)2 − (𝑎 − 𝑞)(𝑎 − 𝑝)
3𝑝𝑞
𝑎=
𝑝+𝑞
𝑝(2𝑞 − 𝑝)
Sehingga; 𝐴𝐷 = 𝑎 − 𝑝 =
𝑝+𝑞
𝑞(2𝑝 − 𝑞)
𝐴𝐸 = 𝑎 − 𝑞 =
𝑝+𝑞

Jadi; 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝑝(2𝑞 − 𝑝) 𝑞(2𝑝 − 𝑞)

+ = +
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶 𝑝(𝑝 + 𝑞) 𝑞(𝑝 + 𝑞)
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝑝 + 𝑞
+ = =1
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶 𝑝 + 𝑞

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2. Misalkan titik P (a, a)

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1 𝑎2 + 𝑎2 = 1

1
𝑎=−
√2
1 1
Maka: 𝑃 (− ,− )
√2 √2

𝜋
Luas BOC =
4
1 1
Luas ΔPOC = Luas ΔPOB = 2 × ×1×
2 √2

1
= √2
2

𝜋 1
Luas arsiran = + √2
4 2

3. C = 3B ; A = 1800 – 4B

Misal: jari-jari lingkaran luar ABC, R = 1

𝑎 = 2 sin 4𝐵
10
𝑐 = 2 sin 3𝐵 𝑐= 𝑎
3

10 sin 4𝐵 = 3 sin 3𝐵

40 sin 𝐵 cos 𝐵 cos 2𝐵 = −12𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐵 + 9 sin 𝐵

sin 𝐵 ≠ 0

Misal: 𝑥 = cos 𝐵

80𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 − 40𝑥 + 3 = 0

(4𝑥 − 3)(20𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 1) = 0

3 atau 20𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 1 = 0

𝑥=
4
(𝑇𝑀) 180 − 4𝐵 > 0

𝐵 < 45

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3
𝑥 = cos 𝐵 =
4
9
cos 𝐶 = cos 3𝐵 = −
16

31
cos 𝐴 = − cos 4𝐵 =
32
3 9 31 37
cos 𝐴 + cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐶 = + (− ) + =
4 16 32 32

4. 𝑛2 − 11𝑛 + 63 = 𝑘 2

4𝑛2 − 44𝑛 + 252 = 4𝑘 2

(2𝑛 − 11)2 + 131 = (2𝑘)2

(2𝑘)2 − (2𝑛 − 11)2 = 131

(2𝑘 + 2𝑛 − 11)(2𝑘 − 2𝑛 + 11) = 131

131 adalah bilangan prima

Kasus 1: 2𝑘 + 2𝑛 − 11 = 131

2𝑘 − 2𝑛 + 11 = 1

4𝑛 − 22 = 130 𝑛 = 38

Kasus 2: 2𝑘 + 2𝑛 − 11 = 1

2𝑘 − 2𝑛 + 11 = 131

4𝑛 − 22 = −130 𝑛 = −27

𝑛 = 38, −27

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5. AM – GM

1 + 4𝑥 2 ≥ 2√4𝑥 2 = 4𝑥
4𝑥 2
𝑦≤ =𝑥
4𝑥

4𝑦 2
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑎: 𝑧 ≤ =𝑦 1 1 1
4𝑦 ( , , ) 𝑑𝑎𝑛 (0,0,0)
2 2 2
4𝑧 2
𝑥≤ =𝑧
4𝑧

6. ∠𝐴𝑋𝑌 = 900 (𝑘𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑎 𝐴𝑋 2 + 𝑋𝑌 2 = 𝐴𝑌 2 )

∠𝑌𝑋𝐶 + ∠𝐴𝑋𝐵 = 900

∠𝑋𝐴𝐵 + ∠𝐴𝑋𝐵 = 900

∠𝑌𝑋𝐶 = ∠𝑋𝐴𝐵

∴ 𝛥𝐴𝐵𝑋 ~ 𝛥𝑋𝐶𝑌

𝐴𝐵 𝑋𝐶 3
= → 𝑋𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵
4 3 4

3 1
𝐵𝑋 = 𝐵𝐶 − 𝑋𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵
4 4

1
𝑃𝐻𝑌𝑇𝐴𝐺𝑂𝑅𝐴𝑆: 𝐴𝐵 2 + (4 𝐴𝐵 2 ) = 42

16
𝐴𝐵 = √17
17

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𝑥 3
𝑥
7. (𝑥√𝑥) = 𝑥 2

𝑥
𝑥 𝑥√𝑥 = (𝑥√𝑥)

3
𝑥 𝑥 √ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2𝑥

3
𝑥 √𝑥 = 𝑥
2

9
𝑥= dan x  1, x  0 tidak memenuhi
4

8.

A (a,b)
0

B (-a,-b)

𝑇𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑘 𝐴: 𝑏 = 2𝑎2 + 4𝑎 − 2

𝑇𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑘 𝐵: − 𝑏 = (−2𝑎)2 + (−4𝑎) − 2

0 = 4𝑎2 − 4

𝑎 =±1

Untuk a = 1 ; b = 1

Untuk a = -1 ; b = -1

̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 = √(1 + 1)2 + (4 + 4)2 = √68 = 2√17

√3 3
9. 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑘𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑎 𝑘𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎ℎ: 𝑥 = ± 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑦 = 2
2

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3
2

𝑉 = 2 × 2𝜋 ∫ (2√1 − 𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥
0

𝑉=

10. √3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 52 = 3(𝑥 − 3)2 + 25

√2𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 162 = 2(𝑥 − 3)2 + 144

√−𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 280 = −(𝑥 − 3)2 + 289

𝑅𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝐾𝑖𝑟𝑖 √25 + √144 = 17

𝑅𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝐾𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛 √289 = 17

∴𝑥=3

11. Bola-bola yang ada di dalam kotak:

6 bola bernomor ganjil dan 5 bola bernomor genap

Jumlah Ganjil: 1 ganjil dan 5 genap

3 ganjil dan 3 genap

5 ganjil dan 2 genap

6 C1 . 5C5 + 6C3 . 5C3 + 6C5 . 5C1 = 236

11C6 = 432

236 118
PELUANG = =
432 231

12. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥(𝑦 + 1) + 3(𝑦 + 1)2 + 1 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2 + 2(𝑦 + 1)2 + 1

𝑁𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑘𝑎: 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 0 𝑥=0

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𝑦+1=0 𝑦 = −1

∴ 𝑁𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 = 1

3 4
13. sin 𝜃 + 5 cos 𝜃 = 1 ; 𝑘𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑎 𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑘𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑑𝑖:
5

9 16 24
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 25 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 25 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 1
25

9 16 24
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
25 25 25

16 9 24
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 25 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 25 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 0
25

4 3 2
(5 sin 𝜃 − 5 cos 𝜃) = 0

3
tan 𝜃 =
4

14. Dimisalkan koordinat titik lattice adalah (m, n)

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25

𝑚2 + 𝑛2 = 25

m dan n adalah bilangan bulat;

𝑚2 ≥ 0

𝑛2 ∈ {0, 1,4,9,16,25}

𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑛2 = 0 → 𝑚2 = 25 ; 𝑛 = 0 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑚 = ±5

(0,5) & (0, −5)

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𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑛2 = 1 → 𝑚2 = 24 ; 𝑛 = ±1 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑚 = ±√24 ∴ 𝑏𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑘 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒

𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑛2 = 4 → 𝑚2 = 20 ; 𝑛 = ±2 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑚 = ±√20 ∴ 𝑏𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑘 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒

𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑛2 = 9 → 𝑚2 = 16 ; 𝑛 = ±3 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑚 = ±4

(3,4); (3, −4); (−3,4); (−3, −4)

𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑛2 = 16 → 𝑚2 = 9 ; 𝑛 = ±4 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑚 = ±3

(4,3); (4, −3); (−4,3); (−4, −3)

𝑈𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑛2 = 25 → 𝑚2 = 0 ; 𝑛 = ±5 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑚 = 0

(5,0) & (−5,0)

∴ 𝐴𝑑𝑎 12 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑘 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒

15. n = 48

∏2010 2010
𝑘=2 (𝑘 + 1) ∏𝑘=2 (𝑘 − 1) ∏2011 2009
𝑘=3 (𝑘) ∏𝑘=1 (𝑘) 2011 2011
16. = = =
∏2010 2010
𝑘=2 (𝑘) ∏𝑘=2 (𝑘) ∏2010 2010
𝑘=2 (𝑘) ∏𝑘=2 (𝑘) 2.2010 4020

17. a = 133333

𝑎 + (𝑎 + 1) + ⋯ + (𝑎 + 400000) = 400001𝑎 + 200000(400001)

= (400001)(333333) = 13333533333

18. 𝑥 log 𝑥 + 10𝑙𝑜𝑔 –log 𝑥 − 1 = 10

𝑎 = 10 𝑎=1

𝑥 log 𝑥 = 10 𝑥 log 𝑥 = 1

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𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥 = 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥 = 0

log 𝑥 = 1 & log 𝑥 = −1 log 𝑥 = 0

1
𝑥 = 10 & 𝑥 = 10 𝑥=1

1
𝑥1 ∙ 𝑥2 ∙ 𝑥3 = 10 ∙ ∙1=1
10

2 3 7
19. + =
2 4 4

1 1
20. Misal: 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 =𝑧
5 99

1
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 70 = 𝑦

2 tan 2𝑥
tan 4𝑥 =
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 2𝑥
2 tan 𝑥
2( )
= 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
2 tan 𝑥 2
1−( )
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
4 tan 𝑥(1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥)
=
(1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥)2 − 4𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
1 1
4 ( ) (1 − )
= 5 25
1 2
(1 − ) − 4(25)
25
120
tan 4𝑥 =
119
1 1
tan 𝑦 − tan 𝑧 − 1
tan(𝑦 − 𝑧) = = 70 99 =
1 + tan 𝑦 ∙ tan 𝑧 1 + 1 ∙ 1 239
70 99
tan(4𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧) = tan[4𝑥 − (𝑦 − 𝑧)]
tan 4𝑥 − tan(𝑦 − 𝑧)
=
1 + tan 4𝑥 ∙ tan(𝑦 − 𝑧)

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120 1
− 239
= 119
120 1
1 + 119 ∙ 239

=1

21. 𝑥 2 + (7𝑥 + 5)2 = 1

𝑥 2 + 49𝑥 2 + 70𝑥 + 25 − 1 = 0

50𝑥 2 + 70𝑥 + 24 = 0

25𝑥 2 + 35𝑥 + 12 = 0
(5𝑥 + 4)(5𝑥 + 3) = 0
4 3
𝑥 = −5 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = − 5

4 3 3 4
(− 5 , − 5) (− 5 , 5)

𝐴𝐵 = √2

𝐴𝑂 = 𝐵𝑂 = 1

∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 90° (Phytagoras)

22. (𝑖) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 1

𝑥(𝑥 − 3) = 0 → 𝑥 = 0 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 3
(𝑖𝑖) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 = −1

(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) = 0 → 𝑥 = 1 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 2

𝑥 + 1 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑝; 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑢ℎ𝑖 𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑥 = 1

(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑥 + 1 = 0 → 𝑥 = −1

𝑥1 − 𝑎 𝑥2 − 𝑎 𝑥𝑛 − 𝑎
23. , ,…,
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏

𝑥̅ − 𝑎 𝐽
𝑥̅ ′ = 𝐽𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑎𝑢𝑎𝑛′ =
𝑏 𝑏

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12 − 𝑎 6
𝑥̅ ′ = 3= → 𝑏=2
𝑏 𝑏
12 − 𝑎
2=
2
𝑎=8

∴ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 8 + 2 = 10

24. 𝑥 = 2 → 𝑓(2) + 2𝑓(2010) = 2010 |× 2|

𝑥 = 2010 → 𝑓(2010) + 2𝑓(2) = 2 |× 1|

2𝑓(2) + 4𝑓(2010) = 4020

2𝑓(2) + 𝑓(2010) = 2

3𝑓(2010) = 4018
4018
𝑓(2010) = 3

2 2
25. |𝑎̅ + 𝑏̅ | = |𝑎̅|2 + |𝑏̅| + |𝑎̅||𝑏̅| cos 𝜃

8 = 16 + 4 + 2 ∙ 4 ∙ 2 ∙ cos 𝜃
3 √7
cos 𝜃 = − 4 → sin 𝜃 = 4

|𝑎 × 𝑏| = |𝑎̅||𝑏̅| sin 𝜃

√7
= 4∙2∙ 4

|𝑎 × 𝑏| = 2√7

−𝑥, 𝑥<0
26. |𝑥| = {
𝑥, 𝑥≥0

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5 0 5
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
|𝑥| −𝑥 𝑥
−4 −4 0

0 5

= ∫ −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−4 0

1 0 1 2 5
= − 𝑥2| + 𝑥 |
2 −4 2 0

1
= −(0 − 8) + ( × 25 − 0)
2

25 41
=8+ =
2 2

𝑑
27. sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2
sin 𝑥 = − sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑3
sin 𝑥 = − cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3

𝑑4
sin 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 4

Asumsi : 2 . 1 = - sin

2 . 2 = sin

2 . 3 = - sin

2 . 4 = sin

2010 = 2 . 1005 = - sin

28. 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 16 − 𝑐

𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 160 − 𝑐 2

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2𝑎𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )

2𝑎𝑏 = (16 − 𝑐)2 − (160 − 𝑐)

2𝑎𝑏 = 2𝑐 2 − 32𝑐 + 96

𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐 2 − 16𝑐 + 48

𝑎𝑐𝑏 = 𝑐 3 − 32𝑐 2 + 48𝑐

Agar didapat nilai maksimum, maka turunan pertama harus = 0

3𝑐 2 − 64𝑐 + 48 = 0

16±4√7
𝑐=
3

16+4√7
𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑐 = 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑎𝑏𝑐 < 0
3

16−4√7
𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑙 𝑐 = 3

∴ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 128
27
(7√7 − 10)

29. (1 + 𝑖)2 = 2𝑖 (1 + 𝑖)3 = 2𝑖 − 2

𝑓(1 + 𝑖) = 3(1 + 𝑖)3 − 2(1 + 𝑖)2 + (1 + 𝑖) − 3

𝑓(1 + 𝑖) = 3(2𝑖 − 2) − 2(2𝑖) + (1 + 𝑖) − 3

𝑓(1 + 𝑖) = −8 + 3𝑖

30. 318 − 218 = (39 − 29 )(39 + 29 )

= (33 − 23 )(36 +33 ∙ 23 +26 )(33 + 23 )(36 −33 ∙ 23 +26 )

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