Application PCM H261 MPEG MPEG1 MPEG2 ….

Motion
Layer AUDIO video video PEG
Transport RTP
Layer UDP
Network
Layer IP

Data Link
Layer Underlying LAN or WAN technology
Physical
Layer
Position of RTP in the protocol suite

Ver P X Countr. M Payload Sequence

Count Type Number
(16-bits in
length)
Timestamp (32-bit)
Synchronization source identifier (32-bit)
Contributor identifier (32-bit)
.
.
.
Contributor identifier
RTP Packet header format

Ver – identifies the version of RTP

P – Padding. If it set to 1, it indicates the presence of padding at the end of the packet. In this case, the
value of the last byte in the padding defines the length of the padding. There is no padding if the value
of the P field is 0. This single-bit field tells us whether or not the packet contains octets that are
not part of the audio or video payload making up the stream. A zero indicates that this padding is
not included.

X – Extension. Indicates an extra extension header between the basic header and the data.

Contributor count – a 4 bit field that indicates the number of contributors. Maximum of 15 contributors
is allowable because a 4-bit field only allows a number between 0 and 15.

Payload – a 7 bit field that indicates the type of payload.

Sequence number – 16 bits in length used to number the RTP packets. Used by the receiver to detect
lost or out-of-order packets. The sequence of the first packet is chosen randomly; it is incremented by 1
for each subsequent packets.
RTCP carries statistical and control data, while RTP delivers the data. RTCP statistics typically include the
number of bytes sent, packets sent, lost packets and round trip delay between endpoints. RTCP also
carries the canomical name (CNAME), which is a unique identifier for a participant during a session.

So wrap up muna, RTP is encapsulated in UDP to provide the missing features of UDP such as mixing,
sequencing and time stamping. RTP delivers only data from source to destination. Another protocol is
used to provide information regarding the success of the network settings. The idea is that the senders
provide information about the RTP stream, and the receivers provide feedback to the sender. Feedback
on the quality of the call.

Isang function ng RTCP is to give each participant a canonical name (CNAME) located in source
description message which is different sa synchronization source ID, kasi nagbbago yung SSRC ID over
transmission eh pero yung CNAME ganun pa din siya.

A BYE (or Goodbye) packet is a type of Real-Time Transport

Control Protocol (RTCP) packet that is sent when a participant in a multicast event leaves the
session.
TCP and UDP are two of the most commonly used connection protocols used for data traversal
across the Internet.

TCP IS connection oriented so masasatisfy talaga na madedeliver yung data packets in the same
order kung pano to sinend. It optimized for accurate delivery not timeliness. Imagine ….

Unlike TCP, UDP is connectionless. It lacks any kind of error control. It can deliver data in incorrect
order or it can get completely left out. UDP ginagamit yan for application na mas concern mapanatili
yung stream on going than making sure than making sure that the receiver received every single
packet that makes it ideal for real time services such as voIP. UDP sinusupport lang niya yung
multicasting pero wala siyang provision for time-stamping, sequencing, or mixing. These mixing
features can be provided using another protocol.

These messages contain transmission and reception statistics from an active sender or an inactive receiver.