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World Leader in Powder Technology
Quality Control
in
Powder Coatings
Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

June 2000Copyright©
Quality Control Testing
Powder is applied using a

corona charged hand spray
gun
It is important to ensure all the

equipment is clean and free
from any contamination
Manual Spray

After stoving at the

recommended time and
temperature
Stated as Object Temp.
The film thickness is checked to

ensure it is in the specified
tolerance
Records are made of film

Film Thickness thickness when testing is
carried out

Gloss Check
Maximum and Minimum gloss

values are checked and
recorded according to ASTM
D523 (60o Angle)
Some industries may use

40o angle
20o angle

Colour checked by
Eye
Computer
Color differences are quoted in
terms of:
Lightness L
Red/Green a
Yellow/Blue b
Chroma (color strength) c
Hue Angle (shade) h
An overall color difference
Colour Check is calculated: E

Particle Size Analysis Powder particles are passed

through a laser light source
The distribution of size is

measured very accurately
The distribution is checked

against the product
specification and recorded
Particle distribution is critical

for good control in powder
application

Visual Check
The final test is a visual

comparison comparing the
quality against a either the
previous batch or standard
approved sample.

Mechanical Performance
in
Powder Coatings

Mechanical Performance Testing
Test carried out to BS3900

Part 3 or ASTM D2794
A measure of the coatings

performance under rapid
deformation
Performance is measured in
terms of cracking or dis-
bondment of the coating
Impact Test A test for completeness of

cure
Test carried out to BS3900 Part

E6 or ASTM D3359

adhesion to the substrate
Performance is measured in
terms loss of adhesion
following a tape pull-off
Measured in % removal of film

Cross-Hatch

Test carried out to ASTM

D3363

surface hardness
Performance is measured as
the hardest pencil lead to
give no rupture to the film
Measured in B or H pencil.
Pencil Hardness

Scratch Resistance Test carried out to BS 3900 Part

E2

hardness
Performance is measured as the

maximum amount of weight
required to totally penetrate the
film
Measured in grams

Taber Abrasion Test carried out to ASTM

D4061

abrasion resistance
Performance is measured as
the weight loss after a given
number of cycles
Measured in grams

Test carried out to BS 3900 Part

E9 or ISO 2815

hardness

depth of indentation made with a
500 g load
Measured in mm
Bouchholz Hardness

Test carried out to ASTM

D522/A

flexibility

minimum diameter of bend no
cracking is seen
Measured in mm
Conical Bend

Erichsen Indent Test carried out to BS 3900 Part

E4 or ISO 1520

flexibility under slow
deformation

depth of the indentation before
cracking occurs
Measured in mm

Chemical / Corrosion
Performance
in
Powder Coatings

Chemical / Corrosion Performance Testing
Test carried out in accordance

with ASTM3359
A measurement of the coatings

adhesion to the substrate after
2 hours in boiling water
Performance is measured in the

amount of disbondment after
tape test
Boiling Water


with BS6496

integrity to the substrate after
2 hours in boiling water at
pressure
A test of Pretreatment
Results are determined by the

degree of adhesion and
Pressure Cooker blistering


with ASTM B117
A measurement of the
corrosion resistance of the
coating system after a given
number of hours

spread of corrosion from a
cross cut
Salt Spray

Humidity Test carried out in accordance

with ASTM D2247
corrosion resistance of the
coating system after a given
number of hours (usually
1000’s of hours)

spread of corrosion and
blistering

Acids and Alkalis Test carried out with spots of

chemical in direct contact with
the finish surface
resistance of the coating
system after a given number of
hours and concentration of the
chemical

surface effect


with ASTM C207

ability to resist damage or
discolouration

resistance of the coating

Weathering Performance
in
Powder Coatings

Weathering Performance Testing
It is important for applications/industries such as

Automotive and Architectural to know that the powder
coating is not going to break down due to exposure to the
weather.
Exterior Powder Coatings today will take between 15 – 25

years in the UK before any detrimental effect can be seen.
It is therefore necessary to accelerate the weathering
process to reduce the amount of development time.

All major auto

manufacturers and
architectural
specifiers
recognise results
from the Florida
testing station.
Florida Testing
The environment here is recognised as being the most

aggressive in the world.
1 years exposure in Florida is roughly equal to 15 years
exposure in the UK.
For Architecture in Europe:
Qualicoat, GSB and BSI recommend 1 years Florida on

Buildings.
D36, D25 gives at least 2 years and

D525 will give at least 5 years.

The following elements can break down a paint or powder

film:
1. UV Light – breaks down the resin structure on the

surface of the coating to form
“Chalking”.
2. Erosion – abrasives carried on the wind can abrade
the coating surface, not such a problem
in the UK but in the mid-east sand storms
act a a shot blasting unit on the coating
surface.
3. Chemicals – gasses such as “ozone” can break down
the coating surface.

Atlas Weather-o-meter
By using equipment such
as a “weather-o-meter”
the process can be
speeded up.
500 hours in a testing in a

weather-o-meter is
roughly equal to 1 year in
Florida or 15 years
exposure in the UK.

The most severe

test to measure
performance to
weathering is the
“sun test”.

Summary of Testing
The testing is carried out to ensure the powder will perform

well and give a long lasting decorative effect to the
components being coated.
Most tests must be carried out against a known standard to be

meaningful.
Example: When testing weathering in the Atlas we would

include a standard where the actual performance is known,
only then can we estimate the approximate performance the
coating is giving.


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World Leader in Powder Technology

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Powder is applied using a

It is important to ensure all the

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

After stoving at the

Stated as Object Temp.

The film thickness is checked to

Records are made of film

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Maximum and Minimum gloss

Some industries may use

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Particle Size Analysis Powder particles are passed

The distribution of size is

The distribution is checked

Particle distribution is critical

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

The final test is a visual

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Test carried out to BS3900

A measure of the coatings

Impact Test A test for completeness of

Test carried out to BS3900 Part

A measure of the coatings

Measured in % removal of film

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Test carried out to ASTM

A measure of the coatings

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Scratch Resistance Test carried out to BS 3900 Part

A measure of the coatings

Performance is measured as the

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Taber Abrasion Test carried out to ASTM

A measure of the coatings

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Test carried out to BS 3900 Part

A measure of the coatings

Performance is measured as the

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Test carried out to ASTM

A measure of the coatings

Performance is measured as the

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Erichsen Indent Test carried out to BS 3900 Part

A measure of the coatings

Performance is measured as the

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Test carried out in accordance

A measurement of the coatings

Performance is measured in the

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Test carried out in accordance

A measurement of the coatings

Results are determined by the

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings

Test carried out in accordance

Results are determined by the

Akzo Nobel Powder Coatings Ltd. Powder Coatings