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GSM P&O TCH Call Drop & Solutions
GSM P&O TCH Call Drop & Solutions
GSM P&O TCH Call Drop & Solutions
Version: V2.0
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This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or used
except in accordance with applicable agreements.
Internal Use Only▲
Version introduction:
This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or used
except in accordance with applicable agreements.
Internal Use Only▲
Key words:
TCH call drop、call drop due to RF loss、call drop due to handover failure、call drop
due to LAPD link failure
Abstract:
This guidebook mainly describes types and causes of TCH call drop and the handling
procedures.
Abbr.:
References:
This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or used
except in accordance with applicable agreements.
Contents
1 Statistical points & types of TCH call drop.......................................................................................1
1.1 Call drop due to RF loss....................................................................................................................1
1.2 Call drop due to handover failure......................................................................................................2
1.3 Call drop due to LAPD link failure...................................................................................................4
4 Typical cases:......................................................................................................................................10
4.1 High call drop rate at Cell 1, 3 of BTS A (of a region)...................................................................10
4.2 High call drop rate at Cell B-3 of a region......................................................................................11
This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or used
except in accordance with applicable agreements. I
Figure contents
Fig 1-1 Call drop due to RF loss...............................................................................................................1
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except in accordance with applicable agreements. II
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Statistical point of TCH call drop: BSC sends CLEAR_REQ message to MSC, the
channel currently occupied by MS is TCH.
Fig Statistical points & types of TCH call drop-1 Call drop due to RF loss
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except in accordance with applicable agreements. 1
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B. UL failure: the parameter for inspecting UL failure is “link fail”. When BTS can’t
decode an SACCH message, a counter in HDPC (whose max value is defined by “link
fail”) is deducted by 1; when BTS decodes an SACCH message correctly, the counter
increments by 2 (the value shall not exceed what defined by “link fail”). When the
counter shows 0, BTS stops sending DL SACCH and starts timer rr_t3109
(rr_t3109>T100)at the same time. When MS T100 expires, MS returns to idle mode,
hence call drop occurs. BTS releases radio channel when timer rr_t3109>T100 expires.
BSC needs to send a message Clear-request to MSC.
Either of UL and DL fails, BTS and MS will stop sending SACCH to each other, thus
force the counterpart to release TCH. Each time “link_fail”happens on TCH,
“RF_LOSSES_TCH” increments.
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CHANNEL ACT
A1
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND
SET T3103
T3103
Timeout
A2
Fig Statistical points & types of TCH call drop-2 T3103 expires(inter-cell handover failure)
MS BTS:TRX BSC
CHANNEL ACTIVATE
A1
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
SET T3107
T3107
Timeout
A2
Fig Statistical points & types of TCH call drop-3 T3107 expires(intra-cell handover failure)
CHANNEL ACT
A1
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND
SET T8
T8 Timeout
A2
This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or used
except in accordance with applicable agreements. 3
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Fig Statistical points & types of TCH call drop-4 T8 expires(inter-BSC handover failure)
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except in accordance with applicable agreements. 4
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Minimum receive level is set too low, which leads to MS suffering from call
drop in weak coverage area.
Unreasonable setting of NCC Permitted: in some networks, the serving cell and
adjacent cells may adopt different NCC, which requires input of NCC adopted
by adjacent cells in NCC Permitted. Once the setting is not reasonable, adjacent
cells of an NCC won’t be detected by MS, which will result in handover
nonoccurance and call drop.
Value of radio link timer is set too small (radio link will time out soon), which
leads to call drop when it expires due to sudden deterioration in radio
environment; if it’s set too large, use ratio of TCH will decrease.
Definition of adjacent cell data is set wrong or not complete, which disables MS
to improve signal quality by handover, hence call drop due to signal
deterioration.
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(4) Hardware fault: such as too low output of power amplifier, big difference between
in transmission power of different carriers, faults of carrier transmitter, combiner and
divider.
(5) Antenna system fault: such as difference in down-tilt and azimuth of two
antennas; too large feeder VSWR; overlarge coverage caused by unreasonable antenna
height or down-tilt; all these will cause skip-zone coverage, thus creates isolated-island
effect and call drop is resulted.
(6) MS malfunction: for example, power-fail due to poor contact of battery, etc..
(7) Hardware fault: clock malfunction in target cell or serving cell, too low output of
power amplifier, big difference between in transmission power of different carriers,
faults of carrier transmitter, combiner and divider.
Co-BCCH and co-BSIC in target cell, high outgoing handover failure rate is
caused, thus call drop is resulted;
Inappropriate adjacent cell relation or wrong adjacent cell data, high outgoing
handover failure rate is caused, thus call drop is resulted;
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2.3 Main causes for call drop due to LAPD link failure
(1) BTS transmission problem: like interruption in transmission and unstable
transmission (on and off), etc.;
(2) BTS hardware problem: like unreliable E1, problems about CMM board and
backboard connection lines;
(3) BSC hardware problem: like problem about LAPD processing module.
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(1) Analysis of performance report: to confirm the cause of call drop in cell with high
call drop rate;
(9) For call drops due to different reasons, make analysis accordingly;
(10) If there are more call drops due to RF loss, the following procedures are
recommended:
Check indicators like BER and level of idle interference band, reduce or
eliminate radio interference;
Check if coverage problem exists through DT. For weak coverage, focus on
hardware problem checking; for skip-zone coverage, focus on checking power
parameters, handover parameters and antenna down-tilt, etc.;
(11) If there are more call drops due to handover failure, the following procedures are
recommended:
Check indicators like BER and level of idle interference band, reduce or
eliminate radio interference;
(12) If there are more call drops due to LAPD link failure, the following procedures are
recommended:
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4 Typical cases:
4.1 High call drop rate at Cell 1, 3 of BTS A (of a region)
【Problem description】
Performance indicators at OMCR show high call drop rate at Cell A-1, A-3.
【Problem analysis】
Get detailed performance statistics, investigate call drop cause, it’s found that the
main cause for call drop is RF loss. Check radio parameter settings, it’s found that
Cell A-1, A-3 co-channel, and it’s confirmed that co-channel interference exists, thus
call drop is resulted.
【Problem solution】
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except in accordance with applicable agreements. 10
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Performance indicators at OMCR show high call drop rate at Cell B-3.
【Problem analysis】
Get detailed performance statistics, investigate call drop cause, it’s found that the
main reason is handover failure. Check data of cell frequency and adjacent cells, no
problem is found. Trace signaling, it’s discovered that UL level is stronger, but UL
quality is rather poor, interference level of idle TCH indicated in RF resource is 5, as
shown in the following figure. Therefore, it’s confirmed that external interference
exists in the cell.
【Problem solution】
This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or used
except in accordance with applicable agreements. 11
Internal Use Only▲
This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or used
except in accordance with applicable agreements. 12