CNA Test Notes

Test 1

Module A
I. Rights of Delegation
A. Right task
B. Right circumstance
C. Right person
D. Right Direction and Communication
E. Right Supervision and Evaluation
II. ADLs (Activities of Daily Living)
A. Hygiene, grooming, dressing, eating, transferring, toileting
B. NA can observe resident's skin, mobility, comfort, and cognition

Module B
I. Definitions
A. Aerobic: requires oxygen to survive
B. Anaerobic: does not require oxygen
C. Airborne precautions: Standard precautions plus respirator if necessary
D. Aseptic: sterile
E. Contact precautions: Standard precautions plus gown and gloves
F. HAI = healthcare -associated infection
II. 2 Types of Infection
A. Localized
B. Systemic
III. Symptoms Respiratory Infection
A. fever, chills, sniffling, coughing, sneezing, hacking up slimy mucous
IV. Symptoms Bladder Infection
A. Fever, chills, pain when using bathroom, bad smelling urine, possibly bloody urine
V. Medical Asepsis: clean technique
A. practices used to remove or destroy pathogens and prevent spread from person to person
VI. Chain of Infection: 6 links
A. Infections Agent: pathogen, bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite
B. Reservoir: place where germs live, grow, and increase in number
1. warm, dark moist
2. person, animal, dirt, water, other places in environment
3. treat everyone as possible reservoir for harmful germs
C. Portal of exit
D. Mode of transportation: how germs travel
1. Number one way is on hands
2. direct/indirect contact with body fluid
3. droplets
E. Portal of entry: any body opening that allows harmful germs to enter body
F. Susceptible Host
VII. Standard Precautions: all body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucus membranes treated as if they
were infected
A. Hand washing at Point of Care (POC)
Module C
I. Definitions
A. Dysphagia: difficult swallowing
B. PASS:
1. Pull the pin
2. Aim at base of fire
3. Squeeze handle
4. Sweep back and forth at base of fire
C. RACE:
1. Remove residents from danger
2. Activate alarm
3. Contain fire by closing doors and windows
4. Extinguish fire (or fire department extinguishes fire)
II. Prevalence of Falling
A. 100 – 200 falls per 100 beds
III. To prevent choking:
A. Sit resident upright 75-90 degrees
B. Cut food into small pieces
C. Encourage use of dentures
IV. Medical emergency
A. When a person's health or life is at risk
B. unconscious resident, resident not breathing, resident has no pulse, resident is bleeding
severely

Module D
I. Definitions
A. Aphasia: inability to speak
B. Culture: a view of the world as well as a set of values, beliefs, and traditions that are handed
down from generation to generation

Module E
I. Definitions
A. Abuse: willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, or punishment
with resulting physical or mental harm
B. Assault: act of threatening to touch or attempting to touch a person without proper consent
C. Battery: touching a person without consent
D. Civil law: relationships between people
E. Criminal law: offenses against public and society
F. Defamation: false statement made about a person that causes shame or ridicule
1. libel: written
2. slander: verbal
G. Malpractice: giving care for which you are not allowed legally to perform
H. Neglect: failure to provide goods and services necessary to avoid physical harm, mental
anguish, or mental illness
I. Negligence: actions or failure to act or give proper care resulting in injury
J. OBRA: federal laws that identify resident's rights while living in a long-term care facility
Test 2

Medical Terminology
I. Med times
A. AC: before meals
B. HS: hour of sleep (before bed)
C. PC: after meals
II. SNF: skilled nursing facility
III. RN: registered nurse
IV. Pt: patient
V. C&S: culture and sensitivity
VI. W/C: wheel chair
VII. Pt summary
A. DX: diagnosis
B. Hx: history
C. c/o: complains of
VIII. Diagnoses
A. UTI: urinary tract infection
B. CVA: cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
C. N/V: nausea and vomiting
D. CHF: congestive heart failure
E. Tachypnea: rapid respiration
F. Bradycardia: slow heart rate or beat
G. Afebrile: not having a fever
H. Dysphagia: difficult swallowing
I. Cyanotic: blue from lack of O2
J. Necrosis: condition of tissue death
K. BKA: below the knee amputation
L. Dyspnea: difficulty breathing
M. SOB: shortness of breath
N. ROM: range of motion
O. Dysphasia: difficulty speaking
P. CA: cancer
IX. Descriptors:
A. GI: gastrointestinal
B. RLQ: right lower quadrant
C. LLE: lower left extremities
D. Anterior: toward the front
E. Distal: farthest from center
F. mLs: milliliters
X. Procedures
A. FBS: fasting blood sugar
B. NPO: nothing by mouth
C. Colonoscopy: examination of colon using a scope
D. Venipuncture: venous blood draw
E. CBC: complete blood count
F. U/A: urinalysis
G. I&O: intake and output
H. VS: vital signs
 I. ST: speech therapy
J. PT: physical therapy
K. OT: occupational therapy
L. ADLs: activities of daily living
M. DNR: do not resuscitate
XI. Timeframes
A. Qday: every day
B. Stat: immediately
C. Q4hr: every 4 hours

Test 3

Module G
I. Definitions
A. Adaptive Devices (assistive devices): special equipment that helps a disabled or ill resident
perform ADLs
B. Basic Restorative Care: care provided after resident's highest possible functioning is
restored (rehab) following illness or injury
C. Bladder/Bowel Training: measures taken to restore function of voiding and defecating by
resident, ultimate goal of continence
D. Functional Loss: partial or complete loss of function of a body part
E. Orthotic Device: artificial device that replaces a body part and helps with function and/or
appearance
F. Prosthetic Device: replacement devices for lost body parts
G. Rehabilitation: restoration of a resident's highest possible functioning following illness or
injury
H. Supportive Device: special equipment that helps a disabled or ill resident with movement
II. Basic Restorative Care
A. Goal is to maintain function that has been restored through rehabilitation and increase
independence and prevention of complications
1. As much as they can, as long as they can, as often as they can
III. Bladder Training:
A. Types of Incontinence:
1. Stress: loss of small amounts of urine when bladder is stressed like coughing or sneezing
2. Urge: loss of urine immediately after feeling urge
3. Functional: loss of urine due to nerve damage or physical obstacles
B. Bladder Training: attempts to void are scheduled and resident is encouraged to void
1. When he/she awakens
2. One hour before meals
3. Every 2 hours between meals
4. Before bed
5. During night as needed
C. Help for voiding
1. Running water in sink
2. Have resident lean forward, putting pressure on bladder
3. Put resident's hands in warm water
4. Offer fluids to drink
5. Pour warm water over perineum area
IV. Bowel Training
 A. Enemas, laxatives, suppositories, stool softeners
B. Signs and Symptoms of fecal impaction
1. seepage of liquid stool
2. abdominal distention and cramping
3. rectal pain

Module H
I. Definitions:
A. Shearing: skin moves in one direction while underneath tissue remains fixed
B. Abduction: moving a body part away from the midline
C. Adduction: moving body part toward midline
D. Dorsiflexion: bending toes and foot upward at ankle
E. Osteoarthritis: disease affects weight-bearing joints, with aches, stiffness, limited motion
F. Rheumatoid arthritis: systemic, crippling disease causing deformities, with stiff painful,
swollen joints
G. Otitis Media: infection of the middle ear
H. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): when one or both sides of the heart stop pumping
effectively
I. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): condition in which blood vessels in the coronary arteries
narrow, lowering blood supply to the heart and depriving it of oxygen
J. Diastole: resting phase of heart when heart fills with blood, bottom number in bp reading
K. Myocardial Infarction: heart attack, condition where the heart doesn't receive enough O2
L. Systole: the working phase of the heart when blood is pumped to the body, top number in bp
reading
M. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): emphysema, asthma, and chronic
bronchitis and problems related to these diseases
N. Emphysema: irreversible damage to the lungs causing permanent holes
O. Calculi: kidney or bladder stones
P. Cystitis: inflammation of bladder due to infection
Q. Dysuria: painful urination
R. Hematuria: blood in urine
S. Nephritis: inflammation of kidney
T. Ureters: narrow tubes connecting kidneys to urinary bladder
U. Cystocele: weakening of wall between urethra and vagina leading to urinary incontinence
V. Prostatic Hypertrophy: enlargement of prostate gland

Module I
I. Definitions
A. Fowler's Position: resident reclined in sitting position, 45-60 degrees
B. High Fowler's Position: resident sitting up almost straight, 60-90 degrees
C. Lateral position: resident positioned on left or right
D. Prone: positioned on abdomen
E. Sims: positioned in left side lying position
F. Supine: positioned flat on back
II. ABCs of body mechanics
A. Alignment
B. Base of Support
C. Coordination
III. Positioning the Resident
 A. Regular position changes and correct alignment
1. promote well-being and comfort
2. promote easier breathing
3. promote circulation
4. prevent pressure ulcers and contractures
B. Reposition in bed or chair every 2 hours or more per care plan

Module J
I. Special Diets:
A. therapeutic or modified diet
B. ordered by doctor and planned by dietician
II. Advanced Diet: food gradually reintroduced to resident
III. Enteral nutrition: feeds resident through feeding tube into GI tract through nose and directly
into stomach
IV. IV fluids: feeds resident through vein
A. nurse's responsibility
V. Edema: if fluid intake is greater than fluid output
A. tissues may swell with water
B. may occur with kidney or heart disease
VI. 1 fluid ounce = 30 mL

Module K
I. Restraint: physical or chemical method to restrict voluntary movement or behavior
A. 2 types
1. Physical: any physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment which restricts
freedom of movement or normal access to one's body
2. Chemical: any drug used to control actions of a resident for convenience of staff
II. Resident has the right to be free from any physical or chemical restraints imposed for purposes
of discipline or convenience, and not required to treat the resident's medical symptoms
III. Appropriate use of restraints:
A. Need doctor's order
B. As directed by nurse
C. Temporary (ongoing evaluation)
D. Evidence of use of less restrictive measures were ineffective
E. Consent by resident or legal representative
F. Medically justified with medical order
IV. Nurse Aide's Role
A. Residents who require restraints must be observed every 15 minutes or more often
B. Restraints must be removed, resident repositioned, and basic needs met for 15 minutes
every 2 hours

Module L
I. Medical Record = legal document
II. HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
A. Protects privacy of resident's health information
B. Identifies certain health information that must be kept private and confidential such as that
used to identify resident and relates to past, present, or future health conditions
1. address, phone number, ss number, etc.
III. Documentation from NA becomes part of legal record
 A. must be complete
B. must record everything done and everything observed
C. date and time all entries
IV. Objective and Subjective data
A. Objective: using senses, signs
B. Subjective: info told to NA, symptoms
V. Observations to be reported to nurse immediately:
A. change in ability to respond
B. change in mobility
C. complaints of sudden, severe pain, change in vision, pain or difficulty breathing, difficulty
swallowing
D. vomiting
E. bleeding
F. vital signs not in normal range for resident
G. sore or reddened area

Module Q
I. Person-Centered Care: practice of basing care on individual resident needs, preferences, and
expectation