 What’s Up

This lesson covers the pest and disease prevention in crops production to
include weeds, insect pests, and diseases . It covers the kinds of weeds, methods of
weeding, kinds of herbicides, and methods of applying them. The signs and symptoms
of major insect pests and diseases of rice and their control measures will be discussed
too.
 Size Up
1. Which of the following methods is done by promoting the
existence of natural enemies to control crop pest and diseases?
a. Biological
b. Cultural
c. Chemical
d. Manual
2. Which of the following is a manual controlling of pest and diseases?
a. Pull Out Any Weak Plants
b. Interplant and Rotate Crops
c. Disinfect
d. Minimize Insect Habitat
3. How can you prevent plant diseases to spread throughout the whole
garden?
a. Disinfecting tools
b. Removing the pest
c. Watering the plants
d. Weeding
4. Which of the following is not a crop pest?
a. Aphids
b. Green Leafhoppers
c. Snakes
d. Rats
5. What is the strongest defense of plant pest and diseases?
a. Prevention
b. Killing all the pest
c. Preparing Insecticides
d. Land prepararion

 Build It Up
- Apply the manual and biological method of prevention and control pest and disease
whenever applicable
 Bring Up
- Look Up
“Last time we learned about the different types of pest in crops and now let’s identify
what pest is shown in the picture below:

-Tune Up
Identify which of the picture below is a healthy plant? Why?

A. B.

-Think Up
*Base on your own observation in your community, how can you prevent the
plants from pest?
* What are the methods they are using to prevent and control pest in the
garden?

-Sum Up
Manual and Biological Methods of Preventing and Controlling Pest

Prevention
The easiest way to prevent insect damage in your garden is to discourage them from
coming in the first place. A healthy garden is the best defense.

Pull Out Any Weak Plants

They may already be infected. If not, they will attract predators. Pull the plant and
dispose of it away from the garden area.
Build Healthy, Organic Soil
Natural composting methods, mulching, and top-dressing your soil with compost or
natural fertilizer is the best way to develop strong, vigorous plants.
Minimize Disturbance
Practising no-dig or no-till gardening will help minimize the introduction of pests to the
soil and increase the beneficial microbes.
Use Seaweed Mulch or Spray
Seaweed contains trace elements such as iron, zinc, barium, calcium, sulphur, and
magnesium, which promote healthy development in plants. Seaweed fertilizer in mulch
or spray form will enhance growth and give plants the strength to withstand disease.
Seaweed mulch also repels slugs.
Minimize Insect Habitat
Clear your garden area of debris and weeds, which are breeding places for insects. Use
clean mulch.

Interplant and Rotate Crops

Insect pests are often plant specific. When plantings are mixed, pests are less likely to
spread throughout a crop. Rotating crops each year is a common method to avoid re-
infestation of pests that have over-wintered in the bed.
Keep Foliage Dry
Water early so foliage will be dry for most of the day. Wet foliage encourages insect and
fungal damage to your plants.
Disinfect
If you’ve been working with infested plants, clean your tools before moving on to other
garden areas. This will reduce the speed of invading insects.
Avoid Uncertified Transplants
When we move plants from one garden to another, we can also transport pests and
disease. Be sure to purchase plants and soil amendments from a trusted source to
ensure any introductions are clean and disease (and pest) free.
Encourage Snakes
While snakes may not be everyone’s favorite visitor, garden snakes help control small
rodents, slugs, grasshopppers, and more. Learn about the beneficial snakes in your
area and do what you can to increase their habitat in and around your garden.
 - Shine Up
* Proceed to the field to remove weeds/pest in a specific area in the farm using the
appropriate method. Collect samples of weeds to be described in class how they affect
the plants and how to control them.

 Challenge Up
*Prepare your own version of a leaflet on how to prevent and control pest in crop
production. Include in your leaflet how to formulate local remedies to control some
insects using some available low cost substances and plant extracts.

 Wrap Up
*What are the methods of preventing and controlling pest and diseases?
*How can this pest and diseases affect crop production?
*Why is there a need to control this pest and diseases?
 Define Up
Insect pests - insects that are harmful to plants
Weeds - plants that grow in places where they are not wanted
Diseases – impairments on the normal health of the plant

 Finish Up
1. Which of the following methods is done by promoting the
existence of natural enemies to control crop pest and diseases?
a. Biological
b. Cultural
c. Chemical
d. Manual
2. Which of the following is a manual controlling of pest and diseases?
a. Pull Out Any Weak Plants
b. Interplant and Rotate Crops
c. Disinfect
d. Minimize Insect Habitat
3. How can you prevent plant diseases to spread throughout the whole garden?
a. Disinfecting tools
b. Removing the pest
c. Watering the plants
 d. Weeding
4. Which of the following is not a crop pest?
a. Aphids
b. Green Leafhoppers
c. Snakes
d. Rats
5. What is the strongest defense of plant pest and diseases?
a. Prevention
b. Killing all the pest
c. Preparing Insecticides
d. Land prepararion

Prepared by:

Elgin S. Casquejo