Rotational Motion

LECTURE 1 Moment of Inertia - 1

 Namo Kaul Yrs teaching experience
Certified by the Indian Association
Teacher & Mentor to
BEST Teaching & Pedagogy 50,000+ Students of Physics Teachers for securing
National TCON’ 18 highest aggregate percentage
 Telegram
APP

tinyurl.com/jeelivechat
LIVE Plus Classes
Test Series / Quizzes
Doubt Clearing Sessions
Most Personalized
PLUS Courses
Step 1 Step 2

INSTALL
Step 3 Step 4
Step 5 Step 6

JEELIVE

22,500
Rotational Motion
LECTURE 1 Moment of Inertia - 1
Introduction to Rotational Motion
Translation & Rotation
Motion

Translation Combination of Rotation

Translation & Rotation
Translation
A body is said to have translational motion if each particle of the body
has the same displacement in the same time interval.
A B
➔ Let us take a rod which is moving down
➔ Observe points A and B and their
displacement S S
➔ Both points have same displacement

Every point has Same Linear Parameters i.e. same Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration

s v a
Rotation
The motion of a body is said to be rotational if every point of the body
moves in circles about a common fixed line (called the axis) passing
through the body. Particles on the axis will be relatively at rest.

➔ Let us take a rod which is moving down

➔ Observe points A and B and their displacements
➔ Do both points cover same distance ??? No, Right !!!
S1
➔ But note that both points have the same angular
displacement. So, Rotational Motion is defined as
S2

Every point has the same Angular Parameters i.e. θ, ω, α etc about the axis of rotation.
Motion of Hinged Door Motion of Ceiling Fan
Transrotational Motion
Introduction to Moment of Inertia
Moment of Inertia is defined as:
➔ Take 2 balls tied with strings of different lengths and rotate them.
➔ Do you feel some difference in both?
➔ Ball with larger string is difficult to get rotated.
➔ This difficulty is quantified by MOI

O
Moment of Inertia quantifies the inability of
a body to change its state of Rotational Motion.

O
Moment of inertia for point mass is defined as

I = Mr2

Were r is ⊥ lar distance of the mass from the axis of rotation.

 Axis of Rotation

r1
m1
r2
m2

r3
m3

Consider the axis at point O

perpendicular to the plane containing
particles of masses m1, m2, m3,… at
distance r1, r2, r3,… from the axis

Moment of Inertia of a discrete

system of particles is defined as

I = m1r12 + m2r22 + m3r32+…

I = Σ mr2
Moment of Inertia
It is the same property analogous to inertia in rotational motion.

For a given force

depends on F = ma
Inertia Mass m a = F/m a α 1
m
Similarly,
For a given
Moment Mass & τ= Iα torque
depends on
mass α 1
of
α = τ/I
Inertia distribution α m

Change in state of
rotational motion
Problems on MOI of Point Mass
Example Find the MOI of a system of two particles having the same mass m
separated by a distance d about the Centre O.
A. 1/2 md2
B. md2
C. 2 md2
D. None of these
O
m m

d
Solution:
2
I = m1r12 + m2r22 + m3r32+…
d d 2
I = m + m
2 2

d2
I =m O
2 m m

d
 Example Find the MOI of a system of two particles having mass m1 and m2
separated by distance d about the Centre of Mass.

A. ( m1 m2
m1+ m2 ) d2

B. (
2m12+m22
m1+ m2 ) d2 m1 O m2

C. (
3m12+m22
m1+ m2 ) d2
d

D. ( 4m12+m22
m1+ m2 ) d2
Solution: From the Centre of mass
chapter you know
xCM d –XCM
m2d
X CM =
O m m1 + m2
m1
2

I = M1XCM2 + M2 (d – XCM)2
Example Four point masses are placed on the vertices of a square of side ‘a’.
Find the MOI of this system about a ⊥ r axis passing through one
corner the square.
a
A. 2Ma2 M M
B. 4Ma2
C. 6Ma2
D. 8Ma2 a
a

M M
Solution:
a
Consider a ⊥ r axis passing through one of mass M M

I = M(0)2 + M(a)2 + M(a)2 + M(a√2)2

a a
I = 4Ma2
M M
 Example If four point masses are placed on the vertices of square of side ‘a’. find
the MOI about one side of the square.
A. 2Ma2
B. 4Ma2
C. 6Ma2
D. 8Ma2
a
M M

a a

M M
Solution:

Consider an axis along one side of the square

a
I = M(0)2 + M(0)2 + M(a)2 + M(a)2 M M

I = 2Ma2
a a

M M
Example If four point masses are placed on the vertices of square of side ‘a’, find
the MOI about the diagonal of the square.

A. Ma2
B. 2Ma2 a
I0 M M
C. 4Ma2
D. 6Ma2

a a

M M
Solution:

Consider an axis passing through one diagonal

a
I0 M M
I = M(0)2 +M + M(0)2

I = Ma2 a a

M M
Moment of Inertia of a Continuous Mass System
MI of the elemental mass ‘dm’

dI = dmr2
dm
Total MI of the rigid body:

I = ∫dI = ∫ dm r2

Note MI of any rigid body depends on mass, shape and the AOR.
Moment of Inertia of Rod
Example Locate the moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod of mass M and
length L about its centre of mass.
AOR
A. 1/3ml2
B. 1/5 ml2
C. 1/7 ml2
D. 1/9 ml2
M, L
Solution:
Example Locate the moment of inertia of a thin uniform rod of mass M and
length L about its centre of mass.
AOR
A.

B.
M,L
C.
COM
D.
Solution:
y AOR
Steps to be followed:
1. Draw coordinate axes. dx
2. Go to a general point at a distance x from dm, dI
the centre M x
3. Take an element of length dx (0, 0) x
4. Find the mass of the element, dm.
L

dm = 𝝺dx

dm =
5. Find the moment of inertia of the differential element dI.
y
dI = dm × x2 AOR

dx
dm, dI
M x
(0, 0) x
L

Let, λ be the linear mass

density of rod
6. Integrate dI to solve for the moment of inertia of the total body

+L
x=
I 2
∫ dI = ∫
M M
dI = x2 dx ⇒ x2 dx
L –L L y
0 x= AOR
2
dx
+L +L dm, dI
x= x=

∫
2
x3 2
M M
I = x2 dx ⇒ M x
L L 3 x = –L (0, 0)
x = –L x
2 2
L

M +L3 –L3
I = × –
3L 8 8
 y AOR

dx
dm, dI
M x
(0, 0) x
L
Moment of Inertia of a Ring
Example Locate the moment of inertia of a thin uniform ring of mass M and
radius R about a perpendicular axis passing through its centre.

A. MR2
B. 4MR2
C. 8MR2
D. 12MR2
Solution: M, R

Steps to be followed: dθ
θ
1. Go to a general point at an angle θ
from the horizontal O
2. Take an element of angle dθ
3. Calculate dm
Arc length dx = Rdθ
Let, λ be the linear mass density of ring
dm = λ dx
4. Find the moment inertia of the differential element, dI
M, R

dθ
dI = dm × R2
θ

5. Integrate dI to solve for the moment of inertia of the entire body

 M
dI = R2 dθ M, R
2π
dθ
θ = 2π

∫
I θ
M
⇒ ∫0 =
dI θ = 2π
0
R2dθ O

θ = 2π

I= M R2 θ
2π
θ=0

I= M R2 × (2π – 0)
2π

I = MR2
 Moment of Inertia of a Disc

M,R
 Example Locate the moment of inertia of a thin uniform disc of mass M and
radius R about a perpendicular axis passing through its centre.
A.

M, R
B.
M,R
O
C.

D. None of these
Solution:
Steps to be followed: dr
1. Go to a general ring at r = r from centre
M, R r
2. Take an elemental ring of thickness dr
3. Calculate dm O

dA = Area of a ring of thickness dr = 2πrdr

dm = σdA Let σ be the Arial mass density of the disc
4. Find the moment of inertia of the
differential element, dI dr

M, R r
dI = dm r2
O

5. Integrate dI to solve for moment of

inertia of the entire body. MOI of a ring about a ⊥ r axis
passing through the centre is MR2
 r =R

∫ 2M
I
dr
2M ∫ dI = r 3 dr
dI = 2 r3dr ⇒
R 0 r=0 R 2
M, R r

r=R O
2M r4
I=
R2 4
r=0
2M
I= × (R4 – 0)
4R 2

MR2
I=
2
 11th Grade
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday

Subjects Timings
Physics 7 PM
Chemistry 8 PM
Mathematics 9 PM
 12th Grade
Friday
Saturday
Sunday

Subjects Timings
Physics 7 PM
Chemistry 8 PM
Mathematics 9 PM
JEELIVE

22,500