Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Note: All the competencies for Grades 1 and 2 are found in the Teacher’s Manual.
The following information will provide more understanding to the curriculum
guide used in preparing these materials.
I. Introduction
"Start children off on the way they should go, and even when they are old they will not turn from it" (Proverbs
22:6 NIV).
As a values-oriented publishing house, our response to this challenge is to draw up a solid value system
and develop this concept through the production of values education materials. Few and far between are the
attempts to create these materials that are produced by local teachers, writers, and artists. In that sense, this
endeavor is both pioneering and historic.
It is not our aim to duplicate the handing down of values from parents to their children; we are of the
position that nothing can replace that. We intend to reinforce the family in its effort to teach values, and where it
is not present or is inadequate; we have attempted to design a curriculum for values education. This curricular
design will be the basis in the preparation of the books, from Nursery, Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten, and
Grades 1 to 12. Through these instructional materials, the family can still monitor the development of such
values in their children. In the school setting, teachers are provided with ample resources and mechanisms to
assist them in the effective teaching of values.
In this curriculum framework, a role model was identified upon which we can in turn identify core values that
we can teach our children vis-à-vis the model with the paradigm, "All journeys begin with God." These core
values are illustrated thru stories about and of Jesus, other biblical stories, stories depicting the Filipino
experience and culture, stories of men and women of other faiths, and other means that highlight the learning of
the universal value systems.
This MLE Model is a modification of Piaget's Stimulus-Response model. What Dr. Feuerstein did was to
put the Organism (student) in the middle of the Stimulus or the information given based on student's needs
and the Response or the student's response to the stimulus. The first position of the Human mediator is
between the Stimulus and the Organism in order for the mediator to filter stimuli for the student by
transforming the message, amplifying, detailing it or substituting the language to make it better understood
and increase it appeal. The second position of the mediator is between the Organism and Response
wherein the mediator guides the student responses. The MLE is characterized by closing the loop between
the teacher as the emitter of a message, the student as the receiver of the message, and the message itself
to ensure that the message will be received and the desired effect on the receiver achieved.
The process of mediation starts when the student (learner) is exposed to stimuli at increasingly higher
levels of abstraction. This encourages student to develop more efficient cognitive functioning and
adaptation. The mediator facilitates students learning by providing appropriate classroom experiences
according to the student's needs, adapting selected techniques according to student's needs and using
interactive language (dialogue) and guided questioning. The goals of MLE are identifying needs for future
planning, effecting structural change in thinking, and enabling interdependent learning.
Dr. Feuerstein lists ten critical factors for an experience to be termed a mediated learning experience.
However, he considers four factors absolutely essential for MLE to occur.
The first MLE factor called Reciprocity is the loop of trust between Values Education Mediator (VEM)
and student. Reciprocity establishes positive connection between mediator and student, judges learning
and makes needed change and encourages elaboration and understanding. Reciprocity means that VEM
should facilitate MLE when and where students express a need or when based on observations of the
student's behavior or thinking.
The second critical factor of MLE is intentionality. The VEM focuses students' attention on the learning
task. Using well-prepared and organized learning tasks, the VEM has thought about how to catch and focus
the attention of the student in advance of the learning experience. In order to plan future learning tasks, the
VEM must keep anecdotal records. Also, the VEM must be aware that his or her intent often needs to
change during the learning tasks and that he or she must be flexible most of the time. Intentionality
transforms any interactive situation from accidental to purposeful. Instead of being a mere provider of
information or verbal directions, the VEM must become a source of constant affirmation that the information
or tasks involved are cognitively important to the learning of the student.
The third critical factor of MLE is meaning. It is the key to understanding the significance of the learning
tasks. The Meaning provides the students with the emotional excitement of learning and with a feeling of
competence or success. It connects the "whys" and "what fors" of what one is learning and energizes
awareness and makes the present learning experience personally relevant.
The fourth critical factor, transcendence, is the bridge that connects related ideas and links them with
immediate and ever-expanding needs. It expands students' understanding beyond the current learning
context and helps students to become active generators of information who can apply what they learn
outside the current context. The chief difference between the mediation of meaning and the mediation of
transcendence lies in the difference between comparing and contrasting previous or anticipated learning
experiences in the context as opposed to bridging the learning experience to de-contextualized principles
that are beyond their context. Meaning happens in the present learning experience while transcendence
goes beyond this learning experience and is applied to another situation. Transcendence is the goal of a
mediated learning experience because it is what guides students to apply what they are learning with a
mediator to other settings and in turn become active generators of their own learning.
Step 1. Strive for reciprocity and intentionality. Establish a positive connection between you as the values
education mediator (VEM) and your students. Facilitate the mediated learning when and where the
students express a need. Focus the student's attention on the learning task and always remember the
purpose of the learning task that you are going to talk about.
Step 2. Present stories. The chosen stories are to reflect the core values, namely, inclusive, hospitable,
generous, self-giving, forgiving, reconciling, promoting justice, peace, and integrity of creation, friendly
and helpful to the poor, weak, and marginalized. As the students understand how to use these values in
their relationships and duties, they are expected to search themselves or make a self-awareness list in
relation to God as Creator and Jesus as Savior. The ultimate goal of these materials is for the students
to be Christ-like persons who are liberated, transformed, and empowered.
Step 3. Prepare the students to find meaning of the learning task. Tell them to observe what the story
says. Observing objectively what the story says means giving facts found in the story. Leigh defines an
observation as a statement of the following:
a. It is an isolated fact.
b. It is a relationship between facts or a pattern of relationships between facts which is indicated
directly by the biblical text. It is something that is concrete, explicit, evident, visible, and easily
verifiable, in the text.
c. It is a statement of what the text omits.
d. It states with complete certainty what the text says.
e. It is not an interpretation.
It is important to guard against two errors in determining the facts about the stories. The first is
getting more out of the text than there actually is because of one's assumptions. The lesser one
assumes, the lesser are the dogmatic interpretations. The second is failure to include all the facts given
by the writer when trying to understand what the writer actually thought. A careful observation of the
facts in the story will help us avoid these errors.
Some skills that prove helpful in observation are as follows: noting the details by asking wh- and
how questions to elicit factual information, determining the main idea, sequencing events, and using
other resources related to the story.
Step 4. Continue to facilitate the process of finding meaning of the story read. Tell the class to interpret
what the story says. Interpreting the story based from an objective observation will result in its
meaning and significance. Students find difficulty in finding meaning because they have not carefully
observed the facts in the story. An interpretation includes the following:
a. It is an explanation of the meaning or intent of, a summary of, a generalization based on, a principle
derived from, the significance of, a conclusion, implication, or inference drawn from, a judgment
about those facts, relationships, or patterns.