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Introduction
Monolithic Dome is thin wall reinforced concrete shell structure. The structure provides safe shelter
for the people in the area with hurricanes and earthquakes. This technique is an effective alternative
to conventional methods. A Monolithic Dome is a structure cast in a one-piece form. A curve rotated
about a central axis to form a surface, creates a Dome. Monolithic domes are not only unique and eye
catching, but studies have shown them to be exponentially energy efficient. They use 50% less energy
than traditionally built structure of similar size.
Domes are designated as tornado shelters. Three brothers David, Barry and Randy built and patented
the first monolithic dome in 1975. The construction of monolithic dome with proper earth sheltering
will withstand bomb blast more effectively. Sizes : very small 2.5 m- very large 80m diameter
domes. Building consist of :
polyurethane foam
reinforced concrete
Materials Used
Airform Kits – The air form kit was obtained from monolithic constructors, Italy. The kit consisted of a
40ft diameter form along with reinforced steel anchors. It is ordered in the shape of half sphere.
Polyurethane Foam– Sprayed on polyurethane foam insulation was of type using a part process in
which Diaphenylmethane-4, 4-di isocynate was mixed with blended polyol resin.
Reinforcing steel – Steel in the foundation and slab was 5/8 inch and grade 40 rebar. Dome shell
13mm and 9.5mm grade 60 rebar was used.
Concrete – Foundation and slab a standard sack concrete foundation mix was used. Concrete used in
the dome shell was 9 sack per cubic yard mix.
Monolithic dome is a rounded building structure typically made of concrete and rigid steel rods. It
consist of an outer airtight form, polyurethane foam insulation and reinforced concrete. The building
process of monolithic domes entailed:-
Lay down the foundation of the dome, usually made of reinforced concrete.
Steps of Construction
Step 1
Step 2
Application of Airform
Application of Airform
Step 3
Polyurethane foam
Foam is applied in the interior to stiffen the air form, and provide a secure surface to which
reinforcement bar is affixed.
Step 4
Steel Reinforcing
Steel reinforcing rebar is attached to the foam using a specially engineered layout of hoop and
vertical steel bar.
Step 5
Shotcrete
It is a special spray mix of concrete, applied to the interior surface of the dome.
The steel rebar is embedded in the concrete and when about three inches of shotcrete is applied.
Application of shotcrete
Application of shotcrete
The profile of a dome determines the size of its surface area or dome shell, and the amount of
surface area affects the construction cost. The surface area of hemisphere dome is twice that of its
floor area i.e., 2*pi*radius*radius. Most of the monolithic dome have an oblate ellipse profile.
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Hemisphere
Useful for high-volume storage buildings and smaller structures ,such as homes.
Oblate ellipsoid
Dome Profiles
Multi-dome Combination
The caterpillar is great design . It can span 60 feet wide , 300-500 feet long. It is easy to build and
allow for linear functions.
Economy
Security
1. Economy in construction
Streamlined construction process and use of only four ingredients contribute to the domes economy.
2. Security
Any structure appears bare and unattractive when its first built.
But just as enhancement can soften and beautify straight lines and corners.
Engineering
Lack of seams.
Social
Different appearance of the domes decreases the appeal for their use as private residences and the
strange appearance and design may run afoul of neighborhood building covenants.
Depending on the situation a large variety of variations available from the standard circular shape can
avoid some of these problems.
Building permits may be difficult to obtain if local officials are not familiar with the monolithic dome.
Resale of a monolithic dome home may be difficult because of its unconventional appearance.
Conclusion
Monolithic domes are disaster -resistant, energy efficient and cost effective.
Safest buildings that can be built and can be designed for many uses.
Monolithic domes are used throughout the United States, Russia, and Indonesia.
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PUBLISHED BY
meghamerryjoy
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3 YEARS AGO
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