The energy consumption in the world and the Carbon dioxide emissions have increased to double in the

past 35 years. The resources of fossil fuels have a limited presence and the carbon emission is affecting
the environment in a negative way. Due to this the usage of renewable energy is increasing rapidly. For
providing the most of renewable energy, csp is the most preferred method. Its cost effectiveness makes
it a popular choice for environmental engineers in order to reduce the level of greenhouse gases and the
global warming. The renewable energy is adapted by many countries depending on their import
resources to sustain the energy upto the required level.

The most common renewable energy source has found to be solar energy. It generally has several
advantages over other energy sources. The solar resources can be taken as a major advantage by
performing the correct calculations. As it is assumed, the csp plants have used only 1% of the earth’s
total area to generate more solar energy than the electricity production of the world in the year 2000. If
the environmental benefits are taken into view, a solar field on the base of every square meter, can
reduce the carbon emission upto 300 kg.

Normally the csp plants have been installed at the places where the amount of solar radiation is high,
generally in arid or semi-arid geographical areas. In these locations, the direct normal irradiance or the
DNI is upto 2000 kilowatts/ meter square. The most common locations include the north African desert,
middle east area and certain parts of western Australia. It is difficult to maintain the csp plant at a higher
latitude. To solve this problem, the north south orientation is necessary.

The ptc solar field can be generated by two methods in a steam turbine power plant. The first method is
directly generating steam in the solar field and the second method is indirect which includes heating a
thermal oil in the solar field, which in turn helps in generating steam in the heat exchanger. There are
many types of processes of steam turbine power plants such as rankine superheat, rankine regeneration
etc. these are different types of cycles of heat generation. An alternative method of steam generation is
the organic rankine cycle. Here the steam is generated with an organic fluid which has a comparatively
lower temperature cycle. Another way is to hybrdise with fossil fuels. Fossil fuels can be used in the non-
solar hours of the plant. Fossil fuels can also be used as back up in the steam cycle or evaporation
processes etc.

Integrated solar combined cycle system (ISCCS) is also an important option to generate solar system in a
combined cycle. The energy from the gas generates the steam and it is used in the steam turbine
bottoming site. As compared to the electricity, the solar energy is more efficient. A large steam turbine
is consuming less incremental cost than the unit cost of a solar plant. There is no thermal insufficiency in
the integrated plant which is related to daily steam turbine start up and shut down.