UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY

Gen. San Miguel St., Sangandaan, Caloocaan City

EFFECTS OF GANG RIOTS AMONG TEENAGERS TO

THE RESIDENTS IN BARANGAY 12, AN ASSESSMENT

A Thesis Presented to

The Faculty of College of Business and Accountancy

University of Caloocan City

Gen. San Miguel St., Sangandaan, Caloocan City

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Bachelor of Science in

Business Administration

VERZANO, COLEEN S.

PONDANG, MARIVEN M.

DE GUZMAN, CHOCOLATE B.

NOYNAY, MARY GLORY ANN B.

SARMIENTO, SHIELA T.

TORNEROS, HARVEY L.

2013 – 2014

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 Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

“Two factors mark the major differentiation between earlier and today’s violent

gangs: the intensified commerce of drugs and violence that surround and drug

business and the enormous increase in the availability of lethal automatic weapons

that are used in the gang murders.” – Lewis Yablonsky,2010

Gang violence increased significantly in the 1980’s which is considered by experts

to the beginning of the contemporary era, rather than relying on switchblades or hand-to-

hand fighting, gang members are now using guns and automatic weapons to commit

crimes. Innocent bystanders are also more likely to be killed when these guns are used in a

drive by shooting.

Only about 50% of gang-related murders hit the target of enemy gangster.”

- Yablonsky,2010

Another major difference between gangs, past and present is the explosion of the

illegal drug market. The gangs of the 1940’s to 1970’s were largely uninvolved in the drug

trade and more likely to hold regular jobs. By the 1980’s, however, drug dealing had

become a more prevalent income source. Gangs are not just city problem. Gangs have

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entered the suburbs and rural areas as well, making modern gangs an issue that effects

almost everything.

The effects of gang violence are witnessed every day on the streets, in the news, and

on the movie screens. In all these forums, gangs of young adults are associated with drugs

and violence. Yet, what is it that prompts young people to participate in violent behavior?

And what can be done to extract adolescents from the gangster world of crime, death, and

incarceration once they have become involved?

In Gangsters: 50 Years of Madness, Drugs, and Death on the Streets of

America, Lewis Yablonsky provides answers to the most baffling and crucial questions

regarding gangs. Using information gathered from over forty years of experience working

with gang members and based on hundreds of personal interviews, many conducted in

prisons and in gang neighborhoods, Yablonsky explores the pathology of the gangsters'

apparent addiction to incarceration and death.

Gangsters is divided into four parts, including a brief history of gangs, the

characteristics of gangs, successful approaches for treating gangsters in prison and the

community, and concluding with a review and analysis of notable behavioral and social

scientific theories of gangs. While condemning their violent behavior in no uncertain terms,

Yablonsky offers hope through his belief that, given a chance in an effective treatment

program, youths trapped in violent behavior can change their lives in positive ways and, in

turn, facilitate positive change in their communities and society at large.

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Background of the Study

Barangay 12 Bangayngay St. is located in between the borderline of the cities of

Malabon and Navotas. In early years, it was considered a peaceful place because of its

small population. By then, there were at least 5,000 residents It comes at least 12 hectare

land area and is located at the end portion of Dagat–dagatan and at the right upper portion

of the Caloocan City Main Municipal Hall. Its boundaries are Malabon City on the West

portion, Lakas ng Mahihirap on the Eastern part, Libis Espina Street on the Northern part

and Lapu-lapu Avenue and Julian Felipe Street on the south portion. Skills training were

also provided by the Barangay and the City, but still, jobs are scarce among the residents.

Majority of the residents were Catholic and they speak Tagalog, Bisaya, Ilonggo,

Kapampangan, Bicolano, and Ilokano. Very few speak Muslim languages. Most heads of

the family were working as labor workers or company employees. Mothers were usually

home-makers and were tending to the needs of their young siblings. Youths were usually

going to school or working at an early age. Some were neither going to work nor attending

schools. Peace and order was the usual problem since this Barangay was the second largest

in population in the District II of the City of Caloocan, but this problem was immediately

attended to by the Volunteer Barangay Tanods and the Barangay 12 Officials.

However, due to early pregnancy of some of the teenagers in the area aside from

other reasons, the population increased. And currently, Barangay 12, Bangayngay St. has

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increased to 30,641 residents based on the NSO Statistical Data released 2013. The

population increased mostly is women and children, 70% of this was out of work and were

part of the Barangay 12 indigent listing, 10% were store-owners, 10% were common

employees and the rest were just home-tenders. Several children and youth were out of

school. Few of them work at early age. Others were involved in gang riots which were the

reasons behind the high percentages of violence and crimes with barangay. These situations

were already alarming to all the residents. They were scared even to pass by the street

especially during the night after work or school if walking alone.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effects of gang riots among teenagers to the

residents of Barangay 12, Bangayngay Street, Caloocan City.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the residents in terms of:

1.1. age;

1.2. gender;

1.3. nature of work;

1.4. number of members of the family; and

1.5. years of residency?

2. How do riots affect the residents of Barangay 12, in terms of:

2.1. destruction;
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 2.2. disturbance;

2.3. fear; and

2.4. worry?

3. Is there a significant difference on the respondent’s perception with regard to the

effects of gang riots when grouped according to their profile?

4. What are the proposed solutions of the government and the Barangay officials to

prevent or lessen the gang riots in the Barangay?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference on the respondent’s perception with regards to the

effects of gang riots when grouped according to their profile.

Significance of the Study

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 This study is significant to the following:

To the Government Officials:

This study is significant to the government officials for them to acquire and

implement the programs to eliminate gang riots not only in Barangay 12, Bangangay St.

but also to all Barangays.

To the Barangay Officials

This study is significant to the Barangay officials for them to develop their strategies

on the proposed solution and to keep the residence safe.

To the Residents

This study is significant to the residents for them to improve their alertness to the
gang riots and for them to become aware on their community.

To the Teenagers (Gangsters)

This study is significant to the teenagers especially the gangsters for them to become
aware of their actions.

To the Researchers

This study is significant to the researchers for them to determine the effects of gang
riots and its awareness to teenagers.

To the Future Researchers

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 This study is significant to the future researchers so that it will serve as their
reference guide to continue this study.

Scope and Delisitate

This study focused on the effects of gang riots among teenagers to the residents of

Barangay 12, Bangayngay Street. This is done to have an understanding as the proposed

solutions of the government and the Barangay to lessen or prevent gang riots.

The respondents of the study are composed of 50 residents. The questionnaires were

administered in September 2013 and retrieved on the day of the survey while the others on

the following days. The questionnaires were distributed to the respondents selected through

random sampling.

Definition of Terms

For the further understanding of the study, the following terms are:

Gang – a group of individuals who come together for special purpose, often criminal. A
gang may be tightly organized, with a definite leadership or it may be a loose
grouping.

Riot – unlawful rebellion against a public authority by a group of people; involving

breach of peace, destruction of property, and/or violence. Riots can be spontaneous
or planned. They often breakout during a protest, due to the heighted emotions of
demonstrations or authorities.

Lethal– it is made to cause death or may cause great harm.

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Enormous – greatly exceeding the common size; extended in amount or degree.

Violence – is the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual against
oneself, another person, or community, which either results in or has a high
likelihood of resulting injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development, or
deprivation.

Gangster – it refers to a criminal who is a member of a gang.

Prevalent – widespread; in general use or acceptance.

Suburb – a community that lies on the outskirts of the city. It can be residential, or a
combination of both. It may be self governing or to be governed by the city near
it, or by the country in which it lies.

Resident – it refers to a person who resides or maintains residency in a given place.

Chapter 2
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 Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents a review of foreign and local literature, and studies

which are related to the present study. These readings serve to strengthen the conceptual

aspects of reference on which this study was premised.

Local Literature

There are various reasons why the youth are enticed to join fraternities or sororities.

The “feeling of belongingness and brotherhood” are two of the most common (Ginny

Riobuya, 2008).

According to Jose Claro, 2012, urban poor teenagers are highly prone to being

recruited into gangs and introduced thereafter to a life of inescapable violence and

irresponsibility. The documentary revealed the 40% of the students have experienced

violence as a result of being affiliated with gangs and fraternities. Students with low self-

esteem view gangs as an attractive option, seeing strength in numbers. Joining gangs is

also an avenue of rebellion against their parents and guardians, as brought about by the

childs feelings of neglect and abandonment. Adolescents demand acceptance and guidance

from parental figures as they try to form and commit to their identities at this age. Naturally,

youths with absentee parents use their gangs to fill that void, not knowing the difference

between genuine companionship and a false sense of acceptance.

According to Chito A. Chavez , 2012, students who initially showed no interest in

joining fraternities were forced to sign-up eventually to protect themselves from delinquent

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groups. Communication gap leads to misunderstanding. When this happens these children

usually try to find friends who could relate to them. What is alarming when they end up

associated with criminally inclined personalities. In some instances, students mostly

teenagers meet tragic deaths as they engage other fraternities in senseless violent battles in

schools and on streets even at wee hours in the morning.

Maturation innately determines sequences of growth and change that are relatively

independent on environmental events. However, an inadequate or deficient environment

will affect maturational processes. It determines the completion of growth and degree of

biological development and the unfolding of the person’s inherent traits. Basic determined

sequences of growth and complex biological, physiological, psychological and physical

changes independent of its environment resulting to a change in behavior from general to

specific. At maturation, the inherent traits slowly unfold and become the raw material for

learning and basis for general patterns hence sequences of behavior. No development will

occur if the process of maturation is hindered or altered otherwise, growth is completed.

(Dr. Maria Lourdes V. Galindez, 2006)

According to J. Gaerlan 2005, the first thing an individual does when an operating

motive blocked is to develop emotionality about situation. The emotions arising from

frustration are the angry variety. These emotional responses may serve to increase the

strength of the motives and redouble the efforts to get ahead with the blocked activity.

Individuals who keep the emotional responses under control and succeed in investing

increased energy in rational pursuit of the goals are said to have high frustration tolerance.

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Foreign Literature

The research of Thornberry and Moore, 2007, concluded that gangs tend to thrive

in high-crime, socially disadvantaged communities and they are able to ground themselves

or become established within the community when the core social institutes (schools,

churches, political and economic venues and especially parents) function irrationally

and/or possess no overall community perspective.

According to the Florida Department of Corrections, 2008, there is no single activity

committed that indicates or guarantees that the community has a gang problem, but there

are several community activities that indicate that gangs may be present; including graffiti,

senseless crimes of violence, fighting between youths, which more than likely lead to

weapon crimes, and most of all complaints from citizens in the community that they feel

afraid or intimidated by youths traveling in groups. Hinkle and Weisburb,2008 established

that there is a definite relationship between neighborhood disorder (social disorganization)

and the fear of crime and Chappell 2010 discovered through their research that many

researchers indicate that neighborhood disorder is the best predictor of fear of crime.

Direct effects from gangs is the community include neighborhood disorder. Such

disorder affects not only the direct community, but also suggests to any outsiders looking

in that the community has no control over itself and has in fact lost its informal social

control. According to Weatherburn 2010, informal social control is where the community

or neighborhood is able to control command or unite together as a group. Such a

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neighborhood or community reflects a united front, willing to step up and confront those

individuals or groups that are destroying or vandalizing public property; such a community

reports unacceptable actions to the correct authorities and even being a role model when

necessary.

Kubrin and Weitzer, 2007 summarize social disorganization theory as focusing on

the effects of the neighborhoods justifying whether or not they provide an adequate space

for crime and delinquency. They also state that this theory refers to the inability of a

community to realize common goals and solve chronic problems, poverty, residential

nobility, ethnic heterogeneity. And weak social networks decrease a neighborhood’s

capacity to control the behavior of its people in public. Hence the likelihood of crime.

Social learning theory is a well studied and tested behavioral theory most relevant

to how individuals in a certain environment, situation learn and apply what they have

learned to the next similar environment situation Bandura 2009.

Social learning theory in short is a theory that “offers an explanation of that

acquisition, maintenance, and change in criminal and deviant behavior that embraces

social, nonsocial and cultural factors operating both to motivate and control criminal

behavior and both to promote and undermine conformity”, Akers and Jensen,2009.

According to Pratt, 2010, individuals first initiate criminal acts and then learn to

either cease or to persist in their offending.

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 Neighborhoods and communities can also be indirectly affected by the gangs’

presence by an overall fear of crime. Fear of crime can affect the community in many ways.

Such fear can make the citizens of the community afraid to leave their homes which can

affect their health, by not allowing achieving adequate exercise, which puts the individual

at risk for many other diseases such as obesity, heart disease and diabetes. In addition to

health issues, confining oneself to one’s home affects the social relationship between the

individual and the community. Individuals who feel hopeless, angry, and demoralized

usually do not have much desire to carry on life. One example is people who are afraid to

go outside because they might become the next victim either intentionally or accidentally,

Chappell 2010.

According to Lane and Meeker 2007 researchers have realized that diversity, social

disorder and decline are key factors in predicting fear. And for some individuals, the

presence of the gang/s, immediately indicate that their safety is, or will be in danger.

Fear of crime is the legitimate reason for why one might repress one’s self but the

effects of such repression go beyond the individual. When a gang activity, criminal or

deviant occurs and the victim or the bystander does not report it or validate that the incident

happened, it affects many things, one being the statistical representation of the community

and its surrounding area. The quantity of police patrolling the streets and specialized gang

units are estimated based on these statistics National Gang Threat Survey, 2009

According to Felson, 2009, in response to the evolving and distribution of gangs, as

Violence spreads and affects different communities throughout the country, law

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enforcement agencies will not be hindered by jurisdictional boundaries. Instead, we will

join forces, and together further our commitment to public safety.

Local Studies

The study used an explanatory, cross-sectional, and non-participant research design

with a qualitative paradigm. Data had been collected from in-depth interviews,

administered tests, and archival research of newspapers and published reports. The study

found out that there are multiple triggers of inter-fraternity conflict, and that nonverbal

triggers are more potent in sparkling altercations. The potency of these triggers is

exacerbated by previous incidents between the same fraternities. There are also cultural

differences that divide the different fraternities into those more prone to conflict and those

who are relatively peaceful, Castellano, R.A.D. Ruedas, 2008.

Foreign Studies

A major concern of residents is the more organized and violent gangs. The start-up

gangs also instill fear in residents when troublesome behaviors involve intimidation,

vandalism, graffiti, and occasional drug sales Weisel 2005-200.

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 Community residents’ fear of gangs and of becoming victims of gang crime is very

great in the most gang-infested communities. A study in Orange County, California, in

which a random sample of residents was interviewed, illustrates this case Lane and Meeker,

2008.

Fear of crime and gangs was immediate. Daily experience for people who lived in

lower-income neighborhoods where gangs were more prevalent and dangerous. But for

people in other areas, fear was generally an abstract concern about the future that became

immediate only when they entered certain pockets of the country. In the most gang-ridden

areas, many residents reported having avoided gang areas because they were afraid of

gangs and criminal victimization. Others talked about avoiding certain streets and taking a

circuitous route to shopping areas at night to avoid gangs that operate in certain

neighborhood. Intimidation of other youths, adults and business owners is not uncommon,

and intimidation of witnesses or potential witnesses is particularly serious because it

undermines the justice process Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2007.

Venkatesh 2009, described one of the worst cases of gang dominance in Chicago’s

Robert Taylor Homes, a low-income public housing development. In the early 2000s,

gangs in the housing development were transformed from turf gangs to drug gangs, and an

escalation of gang violence resulted.

Use of zip guns and hand-to-hand fighting of the past gave way to powerful

handguns, drive-by shootings, and some use of assault weapons. The personal safety of the

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residents themselves was jeopardized to the extent that the risk of being caught in gang

cross fire was imminent Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2007.

Although no reliable national data are available on the prevalence and membership

of prison gangs, the first collection of articles published on them indicates that experts

agree that prison gangs got bigger and became more entrenched in the 1980s \and 1990s.

The life cycle of many arrested gang members involves moving from communities to

detention, to juvenile corrections, to adult prisons, and back into communities. The

correctional system stage is but one segment of many gang members Fleisher, Decker and

Curry, 2010.

Where they have substantial presence, youth gangs are linked with serious

delinquency problems in elementary and secondary schools in the United States. This study

and data gathered in the school crime supplement survey documented several examples.

First, there is a strong correlation between gang presence in school and both guns in school

and availability of drugs in alcohol. Second, higher percentages of students report knowing

a student who brought a gun to school when students report gang presence (25%) than

when gangs were not present (8%). Third, students who report that any drugs are readily

available at school are much more likely to report gangs at their school (35%) than those

who say that no drugs are available (14%). Fourth, the presence of gangs more than doubles

the likelihood of violent victimization at school Chandler, Chapman, Rand and Taylor,

2011.

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 The presence of street gangs at school also can be very disruptive to the school

environment because they may not only create fear among students but also increase the

level of violence in schools (Laub and Lauritsen, 2010).

Peterson, Taylor and Esbensen, 2009 most youths who join gangs have already been

involved in delinquency and drug use. Once in a gang, they are quite likely to become more

actively involved in delinquency, drug use, and violence and they are more likely to be

victimized themselves. Their problems do not end here. They are at greater risk of arrest,

juvenile court referral, detention, confinement in a juvenile correctional facility and later,

imprisonment.

Synthesis

The literature and the studies cite focus on the effects of gang riots to the

residents/community. However, present study bears similarities with studies cite, since
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similar issues, problem and situations are investigated. The studies of Weisel, Lane and

Meeker, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Venkatesh, Fleisher, Decker and Curry, Chandler,

Chapman, Rand and Taylor, Laub and Lauritsen, Peterson, Taylor and Esbensen, are

similar to the present study in some areas of concern. While, Chandler, Chapman, Rand

and Taylor and Laub and Lauritsen studies focused on the effects of gangs in schools. The

present study centers on effects of gang riots in the residents/community. On the other

hand, Fleisher, Decker and Curry study focused on the effects of gangs in prison. While

Peterson, Taylor and Esbensen study focused on the effects on the participants. The study

of Weisel, Lane and Meeker, Bureau of Justice and Assistance and Venkatesh focused on

the effects of gang riots in the community.

Of all the studies perused by the researcher, the studies of Weisel, Lane and Meeker,

Bureau of Justice and Assistance and Venkatesh are the most parallel to the present study.

In that, the focus was also on the effects of gangs in the community.

The foregoing related studies have given the researcher sights in and ideas about the

subject of the researcher towards the determining the effects of gang riots to the residents.

The difference between the present study and the study cited lies in the purpose of

the present study, the researchers environment and the characteristics of the respondents.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework discussed the flow of the study to be taken. The study
used the systems approach. The system of three (3) frames is composed of input which
went through the process or operation and emerged as the output.

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 Figure 1. Research Paradigm

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of the  Collection of

respondents: data through
*age questionnaires  Assessment
*gender and interview. result.
*nature of work
*number of  Analysis and
members of the interpretation
family of data.  Solutions of
*years of the
residency  Test for government
significant and the
Riots affect the differences in Barangay to
residents in terms the perception
lessen/
of: of the
>destruction prevent the
respondents.
>disturbance riots in the
>fear  Formulation of Barangay.
>worry the proposed
solution to
The proposed lessen/prevent
solutions of the
the riots in the
government and the
Brgy. officials to
Barangay.
lessen/prevent the
riots in the Brgy.

Feedback

The input contains the leading variables regarding the effects of gang riots among teenagers

to the residents of Barangay 12, Bangayngay Street. It includes the profile of the residents.

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 The second frame contains the methods and procedures to be used to analyze those

variables by making questionnaire, conducting interview and research.

The third frame is the output. It contains policy recommendations that the

researchers suggested for determining the effects of gang riots to the residents, ensuring

the safety of the residents and eliminating the gang riots of the Barangay.

The arrow includes the workflow of information in the research process, the

feedback loop connects the input to the process involved as well as to the output. It made

the system continuous.

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 Chapter 3

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the research methods to be used, the respondents of the study,

instrument, data gathering and statistical treatment of data.

Method of Research

This study employed the descriptive method of research. As pointed out by Kest and

Khan (1998), descriptive method is used when the researcher intend to describe the status

of something and probe into the similarities and differences among a particular group of

individual on the basis of certain characteristics of variables. The mentioned afore is

designed deemed the most appropriate to use as the basic thrust of the study to assess the

effects of gang riot among teenagers to the resident of the Barangay 12, Bangayngay St.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents for this study were consist of 50 residents of Barangay 12

Bangayngay Street, Caloocan City.

The sample size for the study was determined using the following formula.

Where: s = sample size

N = population
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 e = error to be stated

Techniques and Instrument Used

This researcher used a self-made questionnaire checklist consists of the following

parts:

1. Questionnaire – distributed and filled up by the respondents.

2. Interview – the researcher conducted interviews in order to elicit information from

the respondents through informal personal questionnaire. Interview is a means of

getting more information supportive to one supplied in the questionnaire.

3. Documentary – analysis based on books, magazines, etc.

Statistical Treatment

Descriptive statistic was used in the study especially frequency count to describe

the number of the respondents who responded to the given items in questionnaire. The

following statistical formula was used to analyze the data gathered.

Percentage

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 This is used to relate a part to a whole. In this study, percentage was used to describe
the profile of the respondents in terms of age, civil status, educational attainment and length
of service.

F
The formula is: % 100
N

Where: % = percentage

F = frequency of responses

N = total number of responded

Weighted Mean

To determine the central tendency of the responses of respondents the

weighted mean will applied the formula:

wt.mean  WF
N
Where: Wt.mean = weighted mean

W = weighted assigned

F = frequency of each

WF = sum of all weighted scores obtained by sample respondents

in the sample.

N = number of respondents sample

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T-test – used to determine the significant difference on the perceptions of

respondents when they were only have two groups.

ANOVA – used to test the significant difference on the perceptions of respondents

when there are three or more groups of data being tested.

For verbal interpretation, the following scale was used:

Scale Limits Verbal interpretation

5 4.50 – 5.00 Strongly agree/very appropriate

4 3.50 – 4.49 Agree/ appropriate

3 2.50 – 3.49 Moderately agree/moderately appropriate

2 1.50 – 2.49 Disagree/slightly appropriate

1 1.00 – 1.49 Strongly disagree/not appropriate

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 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents, analyzed, and interpreted the findings of the study based on

the data gathered from the questionnaire which aimed to determine the effects of gang riot

among teenagers to the residents of Barangay 12, Bangayngay Street, Caloocan City.

The findings were organized in four parts based on the specific problem of the study.

The first part describes the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, nature

of work, number of members of the family and year of residency.

The second part disclosed the effects of gang riots among teenagers to the resident

of Barangay 12, Bangayngay Street.

The third part determines the significant difference on the perception of respondents

when grouped according to their profile variables.

The fourth and last part shows the possible solutions of the Barangay and

Government to lessen the gang riots in the Barangay.

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1. The profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, nature of work, number of
family members and year of residency.

1.1 AGE

Table 1
Profile of Respondents in terms of Age
AGE GROUP FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

17 – Below 9 18%

18 – 25 10 20%

26 – 33 13 26%

34 – Above 18 36%

Total 50 100

The data on table 1 shows the age group distribution of respondents. Age group of

34-above got the highest percentage which was 18 or 36% while the lowest was age group

17-below with 9 or 18%. Other age group distributions were in age group of 26-33 with 13

or 26% and age group of 18-25 with 10 or 20%.

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 1.2 GENDER

Table 2
Profile of Respondent in terms of Gender

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Female 30 60

Male 20 40

Total 50 100

Table 2 presents the gender distribution of respondents. Data show 30 or 60% of the

respondents were female and 20 or 40% were male respondents. Data show that female

respondents were 30 percent, more than the male respondents.

1.3 Nature of Work

As shown in table 3, majority of respondents in terms of nature of work was obtained

by the home – tender with 19 or 38% respondents. This was followed by self – employed

with 13 or 26% and respondents with other (all students) types of work with 10 or 20%.

The least number of respondents in term of nature of work were the 8 laborer or 16%.

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 Table 3
Profile of Respondents in terms Nature of Work

NATURE OF WORK FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Laborer 8 16

Self - employed 13 26

Home - tender 19 38

Others 10 20

Total 50 100

1.4 Number of Members of Family

Table 4
Profile of Respondents in terms of Number of Family Members
NUMBER OF FAMILY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
MEMBERS
1–5 24 48

6 – 10 17 34

11 – above 9 18

Total 50 100

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 Table 4 shows that respondents with family members of 1 to 5 (24 or 48%) got the

highest percentage followed by 6 to 10 family members (17 or 34%) and the least was 11

and above family member, (9 or 18%). The data further reveal that almost fifty percent of

respondents has one to five family members.

1.5 Years of Residency

Table 5

Profile of Respondents in terms of Years of Residency

YEARS OF RESIDENCY FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1–5 16 32

6 – 10 13 26

11 – above 21 42

Total 50 100

As shown in the table 5, 21 or 42% respondents have 11and above years of

residency. This was followed by 16 or 32% with one to five years of residency and the last

was 13 or 26% with six to ten years of residency.

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2. Effects of gang riots to the residents of Barangay 12, Bangayngay Street in terms

of destruction, disturbance, fear and worry.

2.1 DESTRUCTION

Table 6

Assessment of Respondents on Effects of Gang Riots in terms of

Destruction

Destruction Indicator WM Interpretation Rank

1. Damage on the cars and utility
3.74 agree 2
vehicles park on the area.
2. The stones and bottles thrown agree
during gang riot hit houses and other 3.80 1
properties.
3. The sales of businesses in the area 3.18
decreases moderately agree 4
4. Streetlights were destroyed and
other properties were vandalized. 3.48 moderately agree 3

grand mean 3.55 agree

Table 6 shows the assessment of respondents on the effects of gang riots in terms of

destruction. Data reveal that the respondents “agree” on indicators “damage to the cars and

utility vehicles park on the area” (wm=3.74) and “the stones and bottles thrown during riot

hit houses and other property” (wm=3.80) while they “moderately agree” on indicators ‘the

sales of businesses in the area decreases” (wm=3.18) and “streetlights were destroyed and

other properties were vandalized” (wm=3.48). The grand mean of 3.55 further exposed that

the respondents “agree” on the destruction bring about by the gang riot on their area. The

31
indicator “the stones and bottles thrown during gang riot hit houses and other property” got

the top most rank.

2.2 DISTURBANCE

Table 7
Assessment of Respondents on the Effect of Gang Riots in Terms
of Disturbance
Disturbance Indicator WM Interpretation Rank
1. Residents cannot sleep because of 4.18 agree 1
the noise created by gang riots
2. The students cannot focus on their 3.54 agree 3
study.
3. The workers cannot focus on their 3.64 agree 2
task.
grand mean 3.78 agree

Table 7 presents the assessment of respondents in terms of disturbance. Data show

that in all indicators, respondents “agreed”. This was revealed by their weighted mean that

range from 4.18 to 3.54. And sustained by the grand mean of 3.78 with an interpretation of

“agree”. This further confirms that gang riots be the cause of disturbance in the community.

The indicator “residents cannot sleep because of the noise created by gang riots” got rank

1.

32
2.3 FEAR

Table 8

Assessment of Respondents on the effect of Gang Riots in

terms of Fear

Fear Indicator WM Interpretation Rank

1. The residents are afraid of being
3.98 agree 1
victimized.
2. Workers are afraid to go to work
that cause absents. 3.42 moderately agree 3

3. The students are afraid to use the 3.56 agree 2

street as pass through
grand mean 3.65 agree

Data on table 8 were the assessment of respondents on the effects of gang riots in

terms of fear. The indicator “workers are afraid to go to work that caused absents” was

rated “moderately agree” (wm=3.42) while the respondents “agree” on the indicators “the

residents are afraid of being victimized” (wm=3.98) and the student are afraid to use the

street as pass through” (wm=3.56). The grand mean of 3.65 substantiates that the

respondents “agree” on the effects of gang riots in terms of fear.

2.4 WORRY

Table 9 is the assessment of respondents on the effect of gang riots in terms of fear.

The respondents “agreed” on the indicators “the residents have apprehension regarding

their safety and protection” (wm=4.10) and gangster behavior may be adapted by children”

(wm=3.72) but they “moderately agreed” on indicator “Gang riots affect business trading

33
in the area” (wm=3.32). The grand mean of 3.65 further confirms that they have agreed on

the effects of gang riots in terms of worry. The indicator “the residents have apprehension

regarding their safety and protection” got the first rank.

Table 9
Assessment of Respondents on Effect of Gang Riots in terms of Worry
Worry WM Interpretation Rank
1. The residents have apprehension
4.10 agree 1
regarding their safety and protection.
2. Gangster behavior may be adapted by
3.72 agree 2
children
3. Gang riots affect business trading in the
3.32 moderately agree 3
area.
grand mean 3.65 agree

3. Significant difference on the assessment of respondents when grouped according

to their profile variables.

3.1 Significant difference of respondents rating when grouped in terms of age.

Table 10
Summary table of respondents rating grouped in terms of age
AGE 17-BELOW 18-25 26-33 34-ABOVE
DESTRUCTION 3.53 3.40 3.52 3.67
DISTURBANCE 3.67 3.57 3.69 3.67
FEAR 3.59 3.60 3.54 3.41
WORRY 3.78 3.40 3.51 4.04

34
 Table 10-A
ANOVA result on rating of respondents grouped in terms of age
source df SS MS comp F-value Tab F-value interpretation
within column 3 0.0964 0.0321 1.32 3.49 not significant
between column 12 0.2925 0.0244
Total 15 0.3889

Table 10 shows the result of respondents rating when grouped in term of age. When

the significant difference on the rating was determined, ANOVA test was used and the

result was in table 10-A. The computed F-value of 1.32 is less than the tabular F-value of

3.42 at 5% significant level interpreted as not significant. Therefore we can conclude that

there is no significant difference on the rating of respondents when grouped according to

age.

3.2 Significant difference of respondents rating when grouped in terms of

gender

Table 11
Summary table of respondents rating group in terms of gender
Gender Male Female
DESTRUCTION 3.76 3.41
DISTURBANCE 4.05 3.61
FEAR 3.77 3.57
WORRY 3.78 3.59
computed t-value=4.87 tabular t-value= 2.132 @ 5% significant level,df=4

Table 11 shows the rating of respondents when grouped in terms of gender. In

determining the significant difference on their ratings, t-test was used and it was found out

that the computed t-value of 4.87 was greater than the tabular t-value of 2.132 at 5%

35
significant level with df=4. The result reveals that there was a significant difference on the

rating of respondents when grouped according to gender.

3.3 Significant difference of respondents rating when grouped in terms of

gender

Table 12
Summary table of respondents rating group in terms of nature of work
Nature of work Laborer Self-employed Home-tender Others(all students)
DESTRUCTION 3.34 3.54 3.62 3.60
DISTURBANCE 3.75 4.03 3.77 3.57
FEAR 3.54 3.74 3.36 3.36
WORRY 3.38 3.90 3.70 3.83

Table 12-A
ANOVA result on rating of respondents grouped in terms of age
Source df SS MS comp F-value Tab F-value Interpretation
within column 3 0.1915 0.0638
1.72 3.41 not significant
between column 12 0.4454 0.0371
Total 15 0.6369

Table 12 shows the rating of respondents when grouped in terms of nature of work.

ANOVA was used to determine the significant difference on the rating of respondents.

Result shows on table 12-A that the computed F-value of 1.72 is less than the tabular F-

value of 3.41 at 5% significant level. Therefore there is no significant difference on the

rating of respondents when grouped according to gender.

36
 3.4 Significant difference of respondents rating when grouped in terms of

number of family members

Table 13
Summary table of respondents rating grouped in terms of
number of family members
No. of family members 1 to 5 6 to 10 11 - above
DESTRUCTION 3.55 3.49 3.67
DISTURBANCE 3.90 3.59 3.85
FEAR 3.88 3.35 3.59
WORRY 4.00 3.49 3.44

Table 13-A
ANOVA test result on rating of respondents grouped in terms of
number of family members
source df SS MS comp F-value Tab F-value Interpretation
within column 2 0.2494 0.1247
4.85 4.26 significant
between column 9 0.2314 0.0257
Total 11 0.4808

Table 13 shows the rating of respondents when grouped in terms of number of

family members. ANOVA was used to determine the significant difference on the rating

of respondents. Result shows on table 13-A that the computed F-value of 4.85 is greater

than the tabular F-value of 4.26 at 5% significant level. Therefore significant differences

exist on the rating of respondents when grouped according to number of family members.

37
 3.5 Significant difference of respondents’ rating when grouped in terms of year

of residency

Table 14
Summary table of respondents rating grouped in terms of year of residency
Year of residency 1 to 5 6 to 10 11 - above
DESTRUCTION 3.30 3.38 3.85
DISTURBANCE 3.85 3.62 3.87
FEAR 3.23 3.59 3.73
WORRY 4.04 3.54 3.84

Table 14-A
ANOVA test result on rating of respondents grouped in terms of
member of the family
source df SS MS comp F-value Tab F-value Interpretation
within column 2 0.1822 0.0911
1.55 4.26 not significant
between column 9 o.5291 0.0588
Total 11 0.7113

Table 14 shows the rating of respondents when grouped in terms of years of

residency. ANOVA was used to determine the significant difference on the rating of

respondents. Result shows on table 14-A that the computed F-value of 1.55 is less than the

tabular F-value of 4.26 at 5% significant level. Therefore significant difference does not

exist on the rating of respondents when grouped according to year of residency.

38
 4. The possible solutions of the Barangay and Government to lessen the gang riots

in the Barangay 12, Bangayngay Street.

Table 14
Assessment of Respondents on possible solutions to lessen the
gang riots
Indicators WM Interpretation Rank
1. CCTV installation 4.48 very appropriate 1
2. Roving of Barangay police 4.10 appropriate 2
3. Streetlights installation 3.92 appropriate 4
4. Additional police station 4.08 appropriate 3
grand mean 4.15 appropriate

Table 14 presents the recommended solution to lessen the gang riots as assessed by

the respondents. Data disclosed that the “CCTV installation” was “very appropriate” as

shown by the rating of respondents of wm=4.48 while the other indicators were rated

“appropriate”. They are: 1) Roving of Barangay police (wm=4.10); 2) Streetlights

installation (wm=3.92) and 3) Additional police station (wm=4.08). The top rank

recommended solution was the CCTV installation.

39
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This study aims to determine the effects of gang riots among teenagers to the

residents of Barangay 12, Bangayngay Street.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the residence in terms of:

b. age;

c. gender;

d. nature of work;

e. number of members of the family; and

f. years of residency?

2. How do riots affect the residents of Barangay 12, in terms of:

a. destruction;

b. disturbance;

g. fear; and

h. worry

3. Is there a significant difference on the respondent’s perception with regards to the effects

of gang riots when grouped according to their profile?

40
4. What are the proposed solutions of the government and the Barangay officials to

prevent or lessen the gang riots in the Barangay?

In undertaking this study the descriptive method of research was utilized by the

researcher. The principal tool for gathering primary data was a researcher made

questionnaire. The respondents for the study were 50 selected constituents of Barangay 12,

Caloocan City. This study was conducted during third quarter period of 2013.

Documentary analysis was also utilized in the study to supplement the data gathered from

the questionnaire.

Findings

1. The profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, nature of work, number of
family members and year of residency.

1.1 AGE

Age group 34-above got the highest percentage which was 18 or 36% while the

lowest was age group 17-below with 9 or 18%. Other age group distributions were age

group 26-33 with 13 or 26% and age group 18-25 with 10 or 20%.

1.2 GENDER

There were 30 or 60% female respondents and 20 or 40% male respondents. Data

shows that female respondents were 30 percent more than the male respondents.

41
 1.3 Nature of Work

Majority of respondent in terms of nature of work was obtained by the home – tender

with 19 or 38% respondents. This was followed by self – employed with 13 or 26% and

respondents with other types of work with 10 or 20%. The least respondents in term of

nature of work were the laborer with 8 or 16%.

1.4 Number of members of family

The respondent with family members of 1 to 5 (24 or 48%) got the highest

percentage followed by 6 to 10 family members (17 or 34%) and the least was 11 and

above family member (9 or 18%). The data further reveals that almost fifty percent of

respondents have one to five family members.

1.5 Years of Residency

Twenty-one respondent or 42% have 11and above years of residency. This was

followed by 16 or 32% with one to five years of residency and the last was 13 or 26% with

six to ten years of residency.

42
2. Effects of gang riots to the residents of Barangay 12, Bangayngay Street in terms

of destruction, disturbance, fear and worry.

2.1 DESTRUCTION

The respondents “agree” on indicators “damage to the cars and utility vehicles park

on the area” (wm=3.74) and “the stones and bottles thrown during riot hit houses and other

property” (wm=3.80) while they “moderately agree” on indicators ‘the sales of businesses

in the area decreases” (wm=3.18) and “streetlights were destroyed and other properties

were vandalized” (wm=3.48). The grand mean of 3.55 further exposed that the respondents

“agree” on the destruction bring about by the gang riot on their area. The indicator “the

stones and bottles thrown during gang riot hit houses and other property” got the top most

rank.

2.2 DISTURBANCE

All indicators were assessed as “agree” by the respondents. This was revealed by

their weighted mean that range from 4.18 to 3.54. This was sustained by the grand mean

of 3.78 with an interpretation of “agree”. This further confirms that gang riots be the cause

of disturbance in the community. The indicator “residents cannot sleep because of the noise

created by gang riots” got rank 1.

43
 2.3 FEAR

The indicator “workers are afraid to go to work that cause absents” was rated

“moderately agree” (wm=3.42) while the respondents “agree” on the indicators “the

residents are afraid of being victimized” (wm=3.98) and the student are afraid to use the

street as pass through” (wm=3.56). The grand mean of 3.65 substantiate that the

respondents “agree” on the effects of gang riots in terms of fear.

2.4 WORRY

The respondents have “agree” on the indicators “the residents have apprehension

regarding their safety and protection” (wm=4.10) and gangster behavior may be adapted

by children” (wm=3.72) but they “moderately agree” on indicator “Gang riots affect

business trading in the area” (wm=3.32). The grand mean of 3.65 further confirms that they

have agreed on the effects of gang riots in terms of worry. The indicator “the residents have

apprehension regarding their safety and protection” got the first rank.

3. Significant difference on the assessment of respondents when group according to

their profile variables.

3.1 Significant difference of respondents rating when group in terms of age.

Significant difference on the rating was determined when group in term of age. The

ANOVA statistical test was used and the result shows that the computed F-value of 1.32 is

44
less than the tabular F-value of 3.42 at 5% significant level with an interpretation of not

significant. Therefore we can conclude that there is no significant difference on the rating

of respondents when group according to age.

3.2 Significant difference of respondents rating when group in terms of gender

In determining the significant difference on respondents ratings terms of gender, t-

test was used and it was found out that computed t-value of 4.87 was greater than the tabular

t-value of 2.132 at 5% significant level with df=4. The result reveals that there was a

significant difference on the rating of respondents when group according to gender.

3.3 Significant difference of respondents rating when group in terms of gender

ANOVA test was used to determine the significant difference on the rating of

respondent terms of nature of work. Result shows that the computed F-value of 1.72 is less

than the tabular F-value of 3.41 at 5% significant level. Therefore we can conclude that

there is no significant difference on the rating of respondents when group according to

gender.

3.4 Significant difference of respondents rating when group in terms of number

of family members

ANOVA test was used to determine the significant difference on the rating of

respondents. Result shows that the computed F-value of 4.85 is greater than the tabular F-

value of 4.26 at 5% significant level. Therefore significant differences exist on the rating

of respondents when group according to number of family member.

45
 3.5 Significant difference of respondents rating when group in terms of year of

residency

ANOVA test was used to determine the significant difference on the rating of

respondents. Result shows on table 14-A that the computed F-value of 1.55 is less than the

tabular F-value of 4.26 at 5% significant level. Therefore significant difference does not

exist on the rating of respondents when group according to year of residency.

4. The possible solutions of the Barangay and Government to lessen the gang riots in

the Barangay 12, Bangayngay Street.

Result of rating disclosed that the “CCTV installation” was “very appropriate” as

shown by the rating of respondents of wm=4.48 while the other indicators were rated

“appropriate”. They are: 1) Roving of Barangay police (wm=4.10); 2) Streetlights

installation (wm=3.92) and 3) Additional police station (wm=4.08). The top rank

recommended solution was the CCTV installation.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn:

46
 1) Majority of the respondents were female. They do home-tenders and have a family

of one to five members.

2) The respondents agreed on the effects of gang riots in terms of destruction,

disturbance, fear and worry.

3) There was a significant difference on the perception of respondents when grouped

according to gender and numbers of family members. Whereas there was no

significant difference on their perceptions when it comes in age, nature of work, and

year of residency.

4) The most recommended solution to problem on gang riots was the installation of

CCTV in the area.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions the following are recommended; especially

of the covert of Barangay 12, Caloocan City:

1) The program on installing a CCTV on the area should be implemented immediately

to prevent further the gang riots activity.

2) The roving of barangay police should be intensified to prevent the start of gang riot.

3) More effective programs should be crafted by the barangay officials with the help

of the police officers assigned at Barangay 12 to stop/prevent the gang riot.

47
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53