Figure 4. 52, Standing Position 4, The standing position (fig. 57) is norm- ally used when engaging targets less than 100, meters in range, It is particularly effective to engage surprise targets while moving. . When firing from this position, the fixed rear sight will normally be used, xecing expprted pation. ¢. To assume the standing unsupported posi- tion (fig. 82), face the target, execute a half right face, end spread the feet a comfortable Gistance apert. With the right hand at the small of the stock, place the butt of the stock fn the shoulder so that the sights are approxi mately level with the eyes. Hold the right bow high to form a good pocket for the butt “aigre 46. of the stock and to permit a strong upward pressure with the right hand. Hold the major- ity of the weight of the launcher with the right hand, Place the left hand on the fore-end ‘assembly about two inches from the upper- sling swivel to steady the launcher. ‘To com- plete the position, shift the feet until « natural ‘aiming stance is obtained place the chock “ Modised bneting supported povtion firmly against the side of the stock, making contact as far forward as possible without straining the neck 53. Poi ing Technique ‘The pointing technique is used to deliver a high rate of fire when pointtarget. accuracya < sma Figure $2. Opemegged siting positon {is not required. In normal fring, approxi mately one-third of the time required to fire fone round is used in obtaining a sight pieture By eliminating the use of the sights and merely pointing the launcher toward the tar- get ares, the rato of fire ie increased from five to seven rounds per minute to seven to nine rounds per minute, When using the pointing technique, the sight frame is in the down post tion. The grenadier brings the launcher to his shoulder in the normal manner, He positions his head above the launcher with both eyes open. He focuses his eyes in the targel area with the launcher in his field of vision. He ims by pointing the launcher at the target. Although the-pointing technique can be used from any of the standard firing positions, it is most frequently used during the assault. Firure 58 stows the pointing technique being used from various firing positions 54, Ropid Fire Teaining Rapid fire Is aseries of aimed rounds launched as fast as the grenadier can get a sight pieture, properly control the trigger, and reload the weapon. Accuracy in rapid fire, as in slow fire, requires a steady aim, a good Dosition, and proper trigger control. Tn rapid fire these elements are blended together by high degree of coordination and there is a 4sFigure 48. Mudifod spoctegged sitting position minimum loss of time between rounds. In vapid fire training the firer is required to assume a position rapidly, launch the first frenade, reload, and lunch a second grenade. ‘These actions are broken down into two exer- cises which are taught in the following order: one, taking positions rapidly; two, reloading. a. First Rapid Fire Exercise (Taking Posi- tione Rapidly). Tae first rapid fire exercise consists of assuming the prone position and Taunehing: the first grenade in 10 seconds at preselected target at a mown range. TheFigure 69. Cromankled siting poston gronadier first assumes a correct prone pos! tion. He checks to see that he is aiming natur- ally at his target, The coach checks the posi tion to sce that it ie correct. The grenadier marks the location of his elbows on the seround, rises, Keeping his feet in place, and stands ‘ready ‘with his left hand on the fore- fend assembly and his right hand grasping the small of the stock. On command the fier again takes the prone position, breaking his fall with his left hand. He quickly but eare- fully places his elbows on their marks. He then completes the position, aims at his target, and simulates launching the frst round,Figures. [Note Bither damm rounds or empty cartsdge cases ‘may be sed for this exrelae, Live practice or Nig ex Blosive ammunition fa never used for rapid fre tale fhe exept on the grenade range daring range Sing. A Involves the une of axpendad cartidgy cases A wooden gs shaped to the configuration of the projectile Modi eromantled siting postion, ‘od of the round and inserted into the estrig case The provide & Mighy satiatactory testing sid for rearkemanship exer Tf expended cavirdge casee Sedures ae describ may ba uned to ive Brace In ssuming other poatens reply.Figure 61. Croetegged sting , Second Rapid Fire Ezereise (Reloading) a ‘The second rapid fire exercise con- sists of reloading quickly and smoothly. Tt requires the grensdier to remove a cartridge case from the portion Tauncher, take # dummy round from the bandoleer, load it into the launcher, reassume his position, and simulate launching one round. Thir- teen seconds are allowed for the exer-Pigure 5%. Modifed erestepned sitting portion (2) Before starting the exercise the gre- nadier loads a dummy round. or ‘empty cartridge case in the launcher. He then places a dummy round in a pocket of the bandoleer. The bando- leer shosld be 80 located that the grenadier has easy access. to. hi Ammuniton, He then assumes the position required and checks to see that he is aiming naturally at the tar-get. The cosch also checks to see that St ie correct. (8) The exercise is executed on the fol~ lowing commands (a) FIRER IN POSITION. (®) ADM AT YOUR TARGET. (@) RELOADING EXERCISE, (a) YOU HAVE 18 SECONDS. (©) FIRE. aire 54, Modifedsguating pion.Figure 65. Pothole positon () CBASE FIRING, by pulling the trigger, drops the butt At the command FIRE the grenadier of the launcher from his shoulder, opens simulates launching the first grenade the breech, reloads, and simulatesFigure $8: Modified fortole potion, launching the second grenade. The cam- (4) ‘This exercise is repeated in the same mand CEASE FIRING is given 13 eee ‘manner from all positions until pro fonds after the command FIRE. Tieleney attained s oo wrenFigure $7. Standing positione r, a iSection IV. SENSING AND FIRE ADJUSTMENT; ZEROING PROCEDURE; RANGE DETERMINATION 55. General If-a first round hit is not made by the gren- fadier, he must be able to determine where the grenade landed in relation to the target fand make the required adjustments in eleva tion and deflection to bring the next grenade fon target. a. Sensing. Sensing is a determination by the grenadier of where the grenade explodes ‘with respect to the target. A sensing is made for both range and deviation, Sensings are ‘made instantaneously. Grenade bursts must be observed to be sensed. The grenadier should be required to announce all sensings and cor- rections during his early training. (Q) Renge sensings. Range sensings are made as OVER, SHORT, DOUBT. FUL, RANGE CORRECT, or TAR. GET. If the grenade bursts between the grenadier and target, it is sensed as SHORT. If the burst is beyond the target, itis sensed as OVER. If the grenade hits any portion of the target, itis sensed as TARGET, The Durst is sensed RANGE CORRECT. when the grenade is slightly left or right of the target, but at the correct range. If the grenade is left or right and the grenadier cannot make positive range sensing, the round is sensed as DOUBTFUL. If for any reason the grenadier cannot obtain a sensing for a particular grenade he reports UNOBSERVED, immediately reloads, and fires with the same sight Setting at the same aiming point. The sensings should be made to the nearest five meters, (2) Deviation sensing. Deviation sensings are RIGHT, LEFT, or LINE. The sgrenadier makes his sensings to the nearest five meters. , Fire Adjustment, If the grenadier’s first srenade explodes more than 25 meters over or short of the target, he adjusts the range set- ting on the rear sight to bring the next gre- nade on target. Sight changes are always made 4m inerements of 25 meters except when 2er0- ing the launcher. If the grenade explodes less than 25 meters from the target, the grenadier usted siming point to bring the next grenad> on target. If the launcher is properly zeroed (par. 56), deviation errors will be small and ean easily be corrected by the lise of an adjusted aiming point. Deviation errors will become a problem only when there is suffeient wind blowing to move the grenade cout of its normal trajectory. After observing the effect of the wind on the strike of the grenade, the grenadier uses an adjusted sim- ing point by aiming into the wind to bring the next grenade on target. For example, if the grenade bursts to the left and short’ of the target, the grenadier senses the strike of the round’ in relation to the target, and then adjusts an equivalent distance to the right and over the target in order to compensate for ‘wind drift sd range error to achieve a tar- get hit. The grenadier should be taught to visually follow the fight of the grenade to the target. This will aid him in determining the effect of the wind on the grenade as it moves toward the terget. For feld firing, winds may bbe characterized as follows: ‘Medium—10 miles per hour Strong—20 miles per hour, If the grenadier is able to evaluate the wind and compensate for it before fring his first round, his ability to achieve a first round hit Js greatly increased, The information con- tained in (1) and (2) below should be used as guide in applying adjustments for different ranges. (2) Approximate aiming adjustments wher the wind is blowing on the same axis either with or against the flight of the grenade. 100 1 as 180 is as 2 20 eo 250 a3 eo 00 a 185 a0 8s 80 EY a5 2s 7(2) Approximate aiming adjustments, when a eroeswind ie blowing 100 5 1 360 ao is 2 as ao 380 ao ao a 6 ia e. First Sensing and Adjustment of Fire Brercise. Ammunition and range limitations often restrict or prevent live firing exercises. When this situation exists, the first sensing and aiming exercise may be used. This exercise is set up ona 25meter nonfiring range as Aeseribed below. (1) ‘The grenade launcher 25-meter sens- ing and fire adjustment training range is set up as shown in figure 59. Ranges in hundreds of meters are indicated by stakes numbered from 100 to 400 on the left edge of the lane. Bursts are represented by the assistant instruc tor using a pointer with a ball of cot- ton or waste attached toi. The targets fare small stakes, ammunition boxes, toy weapons, or other similar items. A-red and white striped stake marks ‘the Teft and right limits of fire for ‘each lane. One lane is provided for every three grenadiers, A trained assistant instructor is provided for fesch lane. The grenadiers may be Dbroken down into fring orders to reduce terrain and personnel requine- ‘ments, provided concurrent training stations have been set up to give addi- ‘ional instruction in the other steps of marksmanship training. Dummy rounds may be used during this exer- cise to give additional practice in rapid loading and immediate action for simulated failure of fire. Assistant instructors may call a failure to fre @ at any time. Exercises, when properly conducted on ‘the 26-meter training range, provide ‘training for the grenadier in assuming e 8 3 2 @ “© =| Figure 60. Grenade launcher 2¢-mater sensing and ire adjustment taining range ochematic, positions, loading, sight setting, aim- ‘ing, immediate ‘ction in case of a failure to fire, sensing, and adjust- ment of fire (8) ‘The sequence of the exercise is the same as outlined for instruction fring (par. 2, app. T1) except no live firing js conducted. This sequence is demon- strated by trained assistant instruc: ‘ors before the grenadiers participate in the practical work(A) After the gronadior simulates fring, ‘the assistant instructor places the burst pointer at the approximate point indicated by the grenadier's determination of the range and sight setting. (5) ‘The grenadier senses the burst (repre- sented by the ball of eotton or waste) land announces his correction. Follow ing the simulated firing of the second round oF subsequent rounds, the asis- tant instructor moves the burst pointer to correspond to the an- nounced adjustment, (6) If the grenadier announces an adjust- ment that would move the burst the wrong way, the assistant instructor places the’ burst pointer at the ‘announced location and waits for ‘further correction by the grenadier. (1) When a target hit has been indicated, the assistant instructor will have the grenadier shift to a new target. Instruction is varied by changing the type of target, calling e failure to fire, or requiring the grenadier to compen- sate for medium or strong winds (par. 558). 4, Second Sensing and Adjustment of Fire Ezerciae. During inclement weather or when other facilities are not available, training in sensing and adjustment of fire can be conducted on a sandtable, or similar training device, No ‘more than 10 grenadiers should use a sandtable ‘at one time. Other grenadiers should be receiv- ing concurrent training in preparatory marks- ‘manship, mechanical training, or maintenance. One member of the group to be trained will be appointed as grenadier. The acting grenadi will be instructed to designate the target, determine the range to the target, set the sights fon his launcher, sense the burst of the grenade (burst pointer), and announce adjustments ‘which will bring the next grenade on target. As the acting grenadier announces sight changes, all members of the group will make these changes on the sights of their launchers. This system provides each student with additional training in sight manipulation, Each member of the group will act as grenadier until all have received practical work. e, Further Praining in Sensing and Adjust- ment of Fire ‘The grenadier receives farther ‘training and practical work on sensing and adjustment of fire during the conduct of the Instruction course of fire (table I) and the qualification course of fire (table 11) on the ‘erenade launcher range (app. 11). 56. Zeroing Procedure ‘The correct zero of the grenade launcher is that sight setting in elevation and windage which will erable the firer to hit his point of aim at a givin range. In order to obtain this aero, the greradier engages a target located at a known distance (200 meters) from the ‘weapon positon. The grenadier should record dhs zero and vse this aa his initial setting when reieroing the Tauneher. This is done by recording the number and direction of elevation and deflection clicks required to zero the Jauncher after setting the sight initially as indi cated in a through ¢ below, The grenade launcher is zeroed In the following sequence: ‘Place the center index line on the rear sight on the center mark of the windage scale. , Unlock the elevation scale by turning the levation scale lock screw (fig. 11) , Center the elevation scale go that it can be ‘moved an equal distance up or down and lock the scale. This is accomplished by alining the '300-meter line on the elevation scale with the Index line on the right side of the rear sight frame, 4. Unlock the rear sight carrier by turning the rear sight carrier retainer lock serew (fg. 11), push it in (plunger fashion), and slide the sight earrier along the elevation Seale until the Index mark on the elevation seale, which corresponds to the range to the zero target, is lined with the top edge of the sight earrier, @. Lock the rear sight carrier in position, load, and fire the ist round at the zero target. {. Make an xceurate sensing of the burst and adjust the rear sight carrier by turning the elevation serev wheel (fig. 11) and the windage knob until the burst of the round is on the target. 4g. Unlock the elevation seale and move the seale until the index line, which corresponds °with the range to the zero target, is again alined with the top edge of the rear sight 1 Lock the elevation scale in place and the Inuncher is zeroed. Chart IV lists the distance the strike of the grenade is moved at various anges when a one-click change is made in sight setting. Chart 1¥. Approximate Elevation and Defeston Changes When A One-Click Sight Chenge To Made 100 35 a 5 10 80 2 4 20 Py a a 250 20 35 u 00 a5 a ie 0 x0 & ie 10 5 « 8s 57. Range Determination 4a. The ability of the grenadier to successfully ‘engage targets with first round hits, as well fas to adjust and shift fire, depends to great degree upon his ability t» determine ranges ‘There are two methods of determining range by eye: the 100-meter unit-of-measure method ‘and the appearance-of-objects method. If the grenadier can seo all of the terrain between himself and the target, he should use the 100- ‘meter unit-of-measurement method; if he ean- not see all of the terrain, he must use the appearance-of-objects method. To become fully proficient, grenadiers must practice both of these methods on varied terrain and under varying conditions of light and weather 2. When using the appearance-of-objects ‘method as a basis for range determination, the ‘grenadier must remember to make allowances for the following effects: (1) Objects seem nearer when— (a) They ave in bright light. (0) Their color contrasts sharply with the background (©) Looking over water, snow, desert, or ‘uniform surface like a wheat field. (@) Looking from a height downward, (©) Inthe dear atmosphere of high alti- ‘des, (D Looking over a depression, most of whieh is hidden. (9) Looking down a straight road or railroad track, (2) Objects seem more distant when— (a) Looking over a depression, most of which is visible, (©) In poor light oF fog. (©) Only a small part of the object ean be seer, (@) Looking from low ground toward higher ground. ¢. For a detailed coverage of range deter ‘mination training see FM 23-71 and FM 28-12,CHAPTER 7 RANGE FIRING 58. General Range firing should be scheduled only after the soldier has demonstrated his ability to prop- erly apply all the steps of marksmanship train- ing. Four courses of fire have been developed for the grenade launcher: instruction firing, qualification fring, instruction course modified, and proficiency firing. Instruction firing is com” pleted before record firing is started. Profi- ciency firing is conducted after record firing has ‘been completed, The soldier must have achieved ‘a rating of second class grenadier or better on the record course in order to fire the proficiency firing course, Assistant instructors and coaches will be used to ald the grenadiers during instruction firing. Record fring is done without the assistance of instructors or coaches, As all firing will be done on the same range, every effort should be made to vary the range to the targets as much as possible between instruction and qualification firing. 59. Instruction Firing 4, Instruction firing consists of firing table 1, appendix IT, one time , Instruction fring: must be conducted prior to qualifeation firing to provide the grenadier with additional training’ in sighting, aiming, sight manipulation, positions, rapid loading, sensing, and adjustment of fire, as well as practice firing at stationary point and area targets. Procedures for the conduct of instruc- tion fring are contained in appendix TT. 60. Qualification Fiting @. Qualification firing consists of firing table I, appendix I, one time. b, Whenever possible, instruction fring and ‘qualification firing should be conducted on the ‘same day. When ths is not possible then station 1, the zeroing station, must be fired as an tunseored part of the qualification course th ‘order to allow each grenadier to obtain or con- firm his 2er of the launcher he will fire for ‘qualification ¢, Qualification firing should be conducted to test the grenadier’s ability to properly apply all the techriques of markmanship that apply with the grenade launcher. Procedures for the conduct and scoring of qualifeation firing are contained in appendix 11. 61. Proficiency Firing Proficiency firing consists of fring table III once. Table ‘II is not fired until the grenadier ‘has qualified as second class grenadier or bet ter. Profcieacy fring is conducted to provide ‘gronadier training in firing the launcher, using the pointing technique while moving. It pro- vides training to enable the grenadier to engage targets at relatively close ranges without employing the sights on the launcher. Table IIT will be fred st least once annually to main- ‘tain the grenadier’s proficiency. A detailed description cf table IJ, and range facilities to ‘conduct this training, is contained in appen- dix I. 62. Instruction Course Modified «a. Instruction course modified consists of fir- ing table TV (app. 11) once. A review of the elements of preparatory ‘marksmanshp with the grenade launcher should be conducted prior to range fring. Pro- cedures for the conduct of instruction course ‘modified are contained in appendix TI aCHAPTER 8 RANGE CONSTRUCTION 68. General ‘The grenade launcher range is designed to bbe used for instruction, qualifestion, profi- ciency, and instruction course modified firing (igs. 60 and 61). The proper use of this type ‘range will insure uniformity in training and sgrenadier marksmanship qualification through- ‘out the Army. 64, Description of Area ‘The range consists of one or more lanes. Bach Jane is complete within itself. A minimum width fof 90 meters and a depth of 500 meters must ‘be allowed for each lane, Targets within the lane are grouped in order that the grenadier may fire at close range, midrange, and long- range targets in that order. 4. Each lane is divided into four stations: (1) Station 1 consists of a prone firing position with a log or sandbag sup- port and s zeroing target located at 200 meters range. The target may be ‘constructed of logs or other suitable material, The target must provide a surface at least six feet high and six feet wide. The zeroing target should bbe clearly marked by painting « large Z with color that will contrast with the surrounding background. (2) Station 2 consists of an upright log or log wall firing point approximately: four feet high and two point-type targets. The targets consist of a simu- lated window or door of a building fand a small bunker or covered fring position. The range to the two targets {sas shown in table I, appendix I. ‘The targets may be constructed of logs, sandbags, or other suitable material. (8) Station 3 consists of a foxhole fring point and two targets. The targets consist of a twoman bunker and an ‘automatic weapon position. The range to the twe targets is as shown in table 1, appendic Il. The bunker represents a point target and the automatic ‘weapon position represents a target which ca effectively engage using area-type fire. The automatic weapon position must be marked by a cltcle having a 10-meter diameter. The ccumference of the circle may be ‘marked by sandbags, lime, white tape, ‘or any other material which can be seen from. the firing position. (4) Station 4 consists of a prone firing point with a log or sandbag support ‘and two area targets. The log or sand- ‘bags on the firing point are used for support and cover. The area targets are designed to simulate personnel in ‘the open. The range to the two tangets is as shown in table 1, appendix II. ‘Both targets in this station are area targets with a 10-meter diameter. The circumference of each target must be marked with material that can be observed from the firing point. , Facilities to fre table III (proficiency fir- ing) consist of three assault firing zones ‘marked by stakes, three phase lines marked by engineer tape or lime, and a rectangular area target 15 meters ly 10 meters. Z-type silhou- tte targets are placed across the length of the rectangle to represent troops dug in, Figure 68 illustrates the setup of the range. ¢, Careful consideration must be given to the selection of the impact area in that it must be ‘maintained free of vegetation other than very500 METERS pro === 30M onweren or | (Of Cinckeone—>| ad Faoors aaeneine 08g ! rroorsin | OPEN aurowaTicWwearons _-EMPLACEMENT] ABR | i 1 | if 14 iy 1a tt tt tt te tt STATION 1 STATION 2 STATION 3. STATION 4 ZERO cLosE. MID. LONG RANGE RANGE RANGE Figure 60. Live fring rangeshort grass. This is necessary to simplify the location and destruction of duds. Ideally, the ‘terrain should slope downward for the first 100 ‘to 200 meters and then slope gently upward ‘out to a range of approximately 500 meters 4. To insure maximum training value, target locations should be changed as frequently as possible within the specified limits in each lane and should be varied between lanes. Minimum distance betweon targets is 25 meters. ¢. It is anticipated that through prolonged fand constant use that numerous duds will be created in the impact area. Therefore, targets should be constructed of a long-lasting, durable ‘material that will withstand constant use and require a minimum of maintenance. Tt is ree- ‘ommended that targets be constructed of 55- gallon, salvaged drums fled with sand, or from other sturdy salvage material, f. The criteria for evaluating target hits is ‘explained in appendix II.APPENDIX I REFERENCES AR 385-63 FM 5-25 FM 21-5 FM 21-6 FM 21-40 FM 21-75 FM 23.8 FM 2412 FM 23-80 FM 28-71 TM 8-1010-205-12 TM ¢-1010-205-20P "TM 9-1300-206 TM 98-1900 ‘TM 9-6920-210-14 ATP 7-16 ATP 7-18 ATP 2-118 ASubjSed 7-2 ASubjSed 28-29 DA Pam 108-1 ‘TA 23-100 Regulations for Fieing Ammunition for Training, Target Practice, and Combat. Explosives and Demolitions. Military Training Management. ‘Techniques of Military Instruetion. ‘Small Unit Procedures in Chemical, Biologeal, and Radiological (CBR) Operations. Combat Training of the Individual Soldier and Patrolling US. Rifle 7.62-mm, MLA. ‘Technique of Fire of the Rifle Squad and Tactical Application. Grenades and Pyrotechnics. Rifle Marksmanship, Operator and Organizational Maintenance Manual: 40mm Grenade Launcher, 379. Organizational Maintenance Repair Parts and Special Tool List for 40- mm Grenade Launcher, M78. Care, Handling, Preservation and Destruction of Ammunition. Ammunition General. Operator, Organizational and Field Maintenance Manual, Targets, Target ‘Material, and Training Course Layouts. Headquarters and Headquarters Company, Infantry, Airborne Infantry, ‘and Mechanized Infantry Battalions, Rifle Company, Infantry, Airborne and Mechanized Division, Infantry Battalions; Light Weapons Infantryman, Heavy Weapons Infantryman. Malo Military Personnel Without Prior Service. Rifle Squad Tactical Training. Hand Grenades. Index of Army Motion Pietures, Fmstrps, Slides, Tapes and Phono recordings. Ammunition, Rockets, and Missiles for Training,APPENDIX I 7 COURSES OF FIRE 1. General ‘The courses of fire for the grenade launcher fare designed to present a uniform method for firing the launcher for both instruction, quali- fication, proficiency, or instruction course mo fed. 2. Instruction Firing Prior to qualification firing the grenadier ‘must complete the following course of instruc- tion firing: Tobie 1. Instruction Firing (Potal Rownds-18) Prone supported evsing panel oom 3 | 2 minster 2 | Kneting supported 2 pint carats: 3 | 2 mines Window 90 Bonker wos a 1 point target 3 |e mines Bunker 195-50 1 aren target: ‘Aotometie poation 20)-950 a 4 | Prone supported 2 aren targets | 2 minor ‘Treope in open femplecement | 275-500 3 ‘Teeopein open | S25-300 3 @ Station 1, Station 1 ie designed to permit accurate reroing of the grenade launcher. The ‘renadier sheuld be allowed to obtain his own zero, Instructions for zeroing the launcher are found in paragraph 56. . Station 2. Station 2 is designed to instruct and tet the grenadier in the knesling supported position, range determination, sight setting, ‘fring, sensing, and adjustment of fire at close- jm point targets. The grenadier may engage either of the two targets in the station, but ‘once he fires at one target he is not allowed to ‘engage the other target until he has hit the first target. After the completion of firing the launcher will be cleared, The weapon is cleared ‘when the breech end of the barrel is open and the cartridge removed. The launcher is always carried with the breech open on the range , Station &, Station & is designed to Instruct and test the grenadier in firing from the fox- hhole position at point and area targets. The sequence of fire, engagement of targets, and clearing of the launcher are outlined in b above for instruction fring, 4. Station 4. Station 4 is designed to instruct and test the soldier in fring from the prone supported pasition at area targets. ‘The sequence of ‘re, engagement of targets, and clearing of the launcher are outlined In b above. ‘. Range Organization. The activity in each lane will be uader the direct control of a safety noncommissioned officer assigned to the lane. Each station within the lane will be supervised bby an assistant instructor who will also be responsible for seoring. The assistant instruc otor will also observe the impact ofall grenades, keep a record of the number and loestion of all dads within the station, and report these when required. An ammunition point will be estab- Tished on each lane and supervised by the safety ‘noncommissioned offeer. Ammunition will be drawn and issued by the assistant instructors ‘each station, Grenadiers are broken down to orders, Rotation is ina clockwise direction. Order One will complete firing on station 1 and move to stations 2, 8, and 4 in that onder. Order ‘Two follows Order One through the stations When the first order has reached station 4, all stations should be occupied or all orders should bbe on the line, 1. Fire Commands. (1) On command from the officer in charge of fring, the grenadier moves ‘to his station and assumes the fring position designated by the range oficer, (2) The oficer in charge of fring will then announce: THE FIRING LINE IS NO LONGER CLEAR, GRENADIERS DESIGNATE THE TARGET; DE- TERMINE THE RANGE TO THE TARGET; PLACE THE PROPER SETTING ON THE REAR SIGHT. ASSISTANT INSTRUCTORS DRAW. THREE ROUNDS OF PRACTICE (HIGH EXPLOSIVE) _AMMUNI- ‘TION AND ISSUE THEM TO THE GRENADIER. (8) At the command DESIGNATE THE ‘TARGET, the grenadier will identify the target he intends to engage by announcing: WINDOW, BUNKER, AUTOMATIC WEAPON, TROOP EMPLACEMENT, or TROOPS IN THE OPEN, as appropriate for his station, At the command DETER- MINE THE RANGE, the grenadier will announce the range to the target. At the command ASSISTANT: INSTRUCTORS DRAW THREE ROUNDS OF PRACTICE (HIGH EXPLOSIVE) AMMUNITION AND ISSUE THEM 10 THE GRENA. DIER, the assistant instructor will pick up the ammunition at the amma: nition point and issue it to the grena- ier, (4) When the grenadier has made his sight setting and the ammunition has ‘the assistant instructor ‘will signal that his lane (6) When all lanes are ready the officer in charge of firing will_ command: YOU HAVE TWO MINUTES TO COMPLETE THIS EXERCISE. ALONG THE FIRING LINE ONE ROUND OF PRACTICE (HE) AMMUNITION — LOAD. READY ON THE RIGHT? READY ON THE LEFT? READY ON THE FIRING LINE. COMMENCE FIRING. (6) After each grenade Is fred the assist- ‘ant instructor will call out HIT or MISS, vhichever is appropriate. The grenadier is not permitted to engage the second target until the first target Ihas been hit effectively. (1) After two minutes have elapsed the officer in charge of firing commands: CEASE FIRING — CLEAR ALL WEAPONS. ASSISTANT INSTRUC. TORS TURN IN ALL UNEX- PENDED ROUNDS AND REPORT ALL DUDS, GRENADIERS RO- TATE. (8) After completing fring on station 4 the grenadier will have his weapon cleared and move off the firing line, 9. Scoring. Instruction firing will be scored. Scoring procedures are outlined in paragraph Be and d below. 3. Qualification Firing ‘The qualification course is conducted on sta- tions 2, 8, and 4 of the live firing range. Launcher must b? rezeroed if qualifieation fir ing is not done on the same day ae instruction fring. Ammurision requirements will be changed accordingly. Qualification scores. The qualification scores for the qualifeation fring course (table TT) are as follows Expert Grenadier tions 2, 8, and 4 with a minimum qualifying seore of 20 before he is allowed to fire table TIT.Tobie 11, Quatifeation Firing (Total Roende—#) an |e mee = mee [Seta 2 3 | 2 minutes 0-00 105-115m a 2 | 2 minster ‘90-250m ‘ 3 | 2 mines 116-300 ‘reopen opm | 35-360 , Scorecard. DA Form 2946 (Scorecard for 40MM Grenade Launcher, M79) for use on the instruction and qualification course is shown in figure 62. Each time the grenadier moves from fone station to another he must carry his score- card with him. All scoring entries on the card fare made by the assistant instructor at the sta- tion being fired. After scoring each round, the scorer places his initials after its recorded value. After the completion of qualification fir- ing, the grenadier must sign the scorecard. All scorecards willbe reviewed and validated by an officer. DA Form 2946 is available through ‘normal publications supply channels. ©. Target Scoring. When scoring each round ‘fired, the assistant instructor will evaluate each ‘rrenade fired as outlined below: (1) Window or door. The grenaide must £0 trough the opening in the center of the target. If the grenade strikes the panel but does not go through the opening it is scored as a (2) Bunker, Credit will be given for a hit if the grenade strikes anywhere on the face of the bunker. (8) Automatic weapon. Credit will be given for a hit only if the grenade strikes on or within the cireumfer~ fence of the 10-meter-diameter circle surrounding the position. (4) Troops. Credit will be given for a hit only if the grenade strikes on or with- meteriameter circle surrounding the position. 4. Scoring. Bach grenadier is issued three ‘prenaides for 2ach of the qualification tions. Hach hit, regardless of which target is fired ‘on, is worth five points. The grenadier receives a five-point bonus score if he achieves first round hits on both targets at a station. Thus, each station is worth 15 points. For example, station 8 consists of two targets, a point target and an area target. The grenadier may select either target to engage first. If he scores a hit on the first target selected, he receives a score of five points. He is then per- ted to engage the second targot on the sta- tion. If he hits the second target, he receives another five points. If he scored a hit on both targets on the station with first round hits, he is given a five-point bonus. In no case will the _Frenadier be allowed to change from one target ‘to the other within the station until the first target he selected has been hit. Scoring for stations 2 and 4 is the same as outlined above {or station 8, The decision of the scorer in scor- ing hits and misses is final and will not be challenged by the grenadier. 4, Proficiency Firing Grenadiers who qualify as second class sgrenadiers or higher will fre the proficiency firing course once. °a EET a = | xs Miennel D HAYES 1 s 7 eto fe oye a Co. "A" Isr Bw 662 Ie suerorat, 43 AE La To a Cevees =aice : ‘ £ V5 7 7 7 a Ss Veo : 7 mets tye] EE mmm pe = a TEES cao mepo pe S oat ie eta nae Soceee 7 7 z= VSB ‘Unqaalified - 0 to 15 : 5 = VSB =e s x vSB wom [757 On Foi Hl, Ta os Figure 62. Scorecard.Feble IL Profeiony Firing (Total Rovndn—) Asault Standing Troops im open empacinent | 1c0-som | | None (Pointing Teebians) a, The proficiency firing course (fig. 68) is designed ‘to train the grenadier to fire ‘the grenade launcher while moving in the assault and to maintain his profiefency with the grenade launcher. ‘The grenadier moves down range using the pointing technique and launches three grenades, one from each of the three firing zones 2, Five E-type silhouette targets are placed in a rectangular target area on each lane at a range of 175 meters from the firing line. Stakes to designate fring zones are placed down range All firing zones are 10 meters in depth. The first ‘zone extends from 20 to 80 meters forward of the firing line. The second zone extends from 150 to 60 meters in front of the firing line. The third 2one extends from 75 to 85 meters in front of the firing line, Phase lines for a temporary halt and reorganization are at ranges of 35, 65, and 90 meters from the firing Tine. Figure 63" illustrates the setup of each lane for the conduct of assault firing. ¢. In addition to the officer in charge of fr- ing, itis essential for range organization that safety personnel be assigned to provide ade- quate supervision and control of the fring Tine. 4. A recommended sequence for the conduct of the exercise is as follows (1) The officer in charge of firing will brief all grenadiers on the conduct of the exercise stressing safety pro- cedures to be followed. This briefing will include © firing demonstration ‘on one of the lanes. (2) Grenadiers will be broken down into orders. Each order will consist of fone grenadier for each lane being: ‘sed. (8) The safety noncommissioned officer will issue three grenades to each grenadier prior to the start of the exercise, (4) The safety noncommissioned officer will insure that the grenadier thoroughly understands how the exer- cise is to be conducted, (5) At the command MOVE TO THE STARTING POINT (Order One), the grenadier to fire the exercise ‘will _move to his point followed closely by the safety noncommissioned ofier. ‘The grenade launcher will not be loaded at this time, (6) At the command MOVE OUT, the grenadier will move down range toward the first fring zone, ‘The launcher will be loaded by the grena- dier while he is moving between the starting point and the first firing (1) The grensdier will ire at the target whie moving through the first fring zone, using the pointing technique. (8) If the grenadier fails to fire at the target while moving through a firing zone, the safety noncommissioned officer will have the grenadier unload the iauncher at the phase line. Rounds not fired are scored at a. mi there is a failure to fire due to a mi function in the weapon or ammu tion, the grenadier will call MIS- FIRE and the procedures outlined in paragraph 19 will be followed, (8) When the grenadier is ready to move fut from the first phase line, the safely noncommissioned officer will so signal (10) At the commend MOVE OUT, the ‘reradier moves out toward the next assault firing tone, reloading while moving. nTI | abe — cite pring Live | igure 62, Setup of range to fe table IT (achomati). n (11) The grenadier launches his second grenade while in the next fring zone. He continues through the zone and stops of phase line two until again ordered to move out. (12) The grenadier Iaunches his third grenade in the third firing zone and stops at phase line three. (18) The officer in charge of firing will then command: CLEAR ALL WEA- PONS, (14) When the safety noncommissioned officers indicate that their launchers have ben cleared, grenadiers will return to the starting point and another order will move to the firing Tine. 5. Instruction Course Modified ‘The instruction course modified is conducted fon stations 1 and @ of the live firing range. It is designed to provide minimum marksman- ship training in order to meet pressing move- ‘ment achedules and limited training time. 4. At station 1 the grenadier is given three rounds in order to 2ero his Inuncher. If unable to zero with three rounds the grenadier should be given remedisl training on zeroing proce- dures, Instructions for zeroing the launcher are found in paragraph 66. . At station 8 the grenadier is required to engage the area iarget, the automatic weapon position. If he obiains a first round hit he then engages the point target, the bunker. If he fails to obtain a first round hit, he must fire his second round at the same area target, ¢ The firing commands and procedure for firing are as outlined for instruction and quali- fication firing, this appendix. The instruction course modified is not scored. 4. This course of fire i ‘range as tables T and TI. fired on the same @. The grenadier is given the range to each target he engages.Tobte IV, Intrution Course Modifed (Total Roends—) Zeroing panel: point fara Banker 1 aren target: ‘Aetomatte weapon ‘oston 20m oo, None Nene‘APPENDIX Itt SAFETY 1. General riers will be closed and necessary 7 rds posted. Sate sautions must be observed duri _ aulmarkonanchip training. Tis appendix Histy (2) All weapons wil be checked to insure the important precautions for each phase of that thare are no obstructions in the ‘training, but is not intended to replace AR. bores. 385-68 or local range regulations. The surface (3) All individuals will be briefed on the danger area for range firing with the grenade firing limits of the range, and they launcher varies with the type of ammunition will be required to Keep their fires being used. "Consequently, range safety within the preseribed limits. requirements to be followed will vary. It (4) All personnel on the range will be mandatory, therefore, that the latest range Instructed on the danger radius from safely directives and local range regulations be the poit-of burst of the grenade consulted to determine current safety require: (6) Careful consideration must be given ments. to the selection of the impact area, ‘The impact area should be level if 2, Sofety Precautions possible and maintained free of any e. Generah, ‘vegetation, at least nothing more than (1) A zed range flag wil be rominentiy Gemntenee eee . tion and subsequent destruc. displayed on the range during all Garr aidaae firing. At night 2 blinking red light : ee a (©) All personnel will be thoroughly er fe sae Oe ra Ae briefed on all safety aspect (2) Weapons should never be carelessly (1) No one will move forward of the f- handled or pointed at anyone ing line without permission of the (©) Ava anume, that a weapon, is officer in charge (OIC). until it han been thoroughly (8) Weapons will be loaded and unlocked Se te only on command of the OIC. (4) Firing limits (fring fans) will be & During Firing. indicated by red and white striped (2) All ammunition will be checked prior poles visible to all fers, to fring to determine if itis the type (6) Obstructions should never be placed ‘hat is intended to be fred. in the mazale or bore of the launcher. (2) Never llow a round to be placed into (6) Weapons willbe kept in a prescribed ‘the launcher unless it is to be fired im- 7 vigunie mediately, (1) No smoking is permitted on the range (8) In the event 2 round fails to fre, the near any ammunition, explosives, oF procedures as outlined in paragraph fammables, 19 will be followed. (4) Overhead fring will not be conducted 0, Before Firing, tumless personnel in the danger area (1) AIL prescribed roadblocks and. bar- are proiected. Minimum protection is ” ‘co wren‘a bunker or similar shelter constructed to withstand a direct hit without in- jury to personnel (fg. 94, app. V, FM 23-12). (8) Weapons will not be removed from the firing line until they have been cleared by safety personnel. (6) Firing should be discontinued when ‘ground winds are high and gusty (in excess of 80 mph). (1) No vegetation or growth which might activate the fuze may exist within 80 meters forward of the launcher firing position. (8) Steel helmets will be worn by all per- sonnel within 100 feet of the grenade launcher firing position during live firing exercises. 4. After Firing. (1) All weapons will be inspected by ‘safety personnel to insure they are clear and a check will be conducted to determine if any brass or live am- munition is in the possession of troops. (2) AI! duds will be clearly marked. If ‘the duds cannot be located, the area will be clearly marked and reported {in sceordance with current local re- quirements. The importance of not isturbing or stepping on duds must be continually emphasized to dud- clearance personnel, 3. Proficiency Firing Safety personnel during proficieney fring will insure the following precautions: @ ‘That the grenadier thoroughly under- stands the conduct of the exercise, , That the grenadier has the required am- ‘munition and understands that he is to load the launcher only while moving between fring , That all commands from the officer in charge of fring are complied with. 4, That the proper alinement is maintained with other grenadiers while moving down range. That the launcher is pointed down range at all times, J. That the grenadier fires only while in the preseribed firing zone, 1. That the launcher is cleared at each phase line and that this clearance is indicated to the oficer in eharge of firing. 1, That failure to fire is reported imme diately and the procedures as outlined in para- ‘graph 19, are complied with. 1‘APPENDIX IV ADVICE TO INSTRUCTORS 1. Purpose, ‘This appendix is a guide for instructors. Its contents should not limit their initiative and originality, provided they observe the necessary safety precautions. 2. Presentation 4, Instruetion should be presented using ex- planation, demonstration, and practical appli- cation. The coach and pupil method should be ‘used during all marksmanship training except when firing for record, b. Each man's training must be closely su- pervised to insure a high standard of eficiency ‘and coordination. 3. Training Objectives 4 To provide the soldier, whois armed with the grenade launcher, with information in suf- ficient detail to enable him to effectively em- ploy the launcher in combat 2, To provide the remainder of the unit with formation in suffcient detail to enable them to effectively employ the grenade launcher in san emergency 4. Assistant Instructors Prior to instruction, train selected personnel as demonstrators and assistant instructors, As- itant instructors must be able to correct errors and answer questions pertaining to the training. To give the students a clear picture % of the work under discussion, insure that dem- onstrators are trained and thoroughly re Jhearsed so that demonstrations are correct in ‘every detail, 5. General Training Notes 4a, The minimum time to qualify a grenadier with the launcter is 11 hours. Training in tactics and techniques is also covered during unit training, D, The most valuable training is practical ‘work conducted with the grenade launcher. Other aids, such as charts, are limited only by the resourcefulness of the instructor. ¢ Insure that equipment and training aids are prepared ahead of time, Set up the train- ing aids and demonstration before the students arrive. Provide for the advanced grouping and prompt starting of the class. 6. Conduct of Training ‘The applicable Army subject schedule should be used as a guide by the instructor and unit commander in preparing lesson plans and ‘scheduling periods of instruction with the gre- nade launcher. The schedule of instruction and scope of training may be limited by the amount of time available, the duties of personnel to be ‘rained, and the equipment ammunition avs able. Informal instruction ean be given in unit areas during nonscheduled periods in such sub- jects as firing: positions, sighting and aiming, land range determination,‘APPENDIX V TRAINING AIDS 1. General ‘Training aids should be used to the max- imum during instruction on the 40-mm gre- rade launcher, M79. A model, picture, or chart can be used to explain a principle or technique Which would otherwise require det ‘nation. Effective training tion and increase understanding. Training Aids Figures 64 through 68 illustrate the type of training aids that can be used to conduct train- ing on the 40mm grenade launcher, M79. ‘These training aids should not limit the in- structor's imagination or replace any other aids Which may be available. The services of loca training aids eenter should be utilized when- ever possible to provide by loan or fabrication the desired training aids and devices,Figure 6h. Chart wood to teach axsombly and nomercatureigure 66, Chart wed to teach composition of rer sight and string,i |] towressune i 7 on i| | 2.POSITIONS AND RAPID FIRE 3. SENSING AND ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE |] 4. ZEROING PROCEDURE || 5. RANGE DETERMINATION igre 68, Chart ned to tach sepe of properatory markomenship,