2: Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice Chapter
Review
1) When you ask an experienced nurse why it is
necessary to change the patient’s bed every day, the
nurse says, “I guess we have just always done it that
way.” This answer is an example of what type of
knowledge?
a. Instinctive knowledge
b. Scientific knowledge
c. Authoritative knowledge
d. Traditional knowledge
2) Which nursing actions reflect the use of philosophy
as a knowledge base when delivering evidence-
based care to patients? Select all that apply.
a. A nurse interviews and examines a new patient
diagnosed with prehypertension to formulate a
care plan.
b. A nurse draws from personal experiences of
being a patient to establish a therapeutic
relationship with a patient.
c. A nurse searches the Internet to find the latest
treatments for type 2 diabetes.
d. A nurse uses spiritual training to draw strength
when counseling a patient who is in hospice for
an inoperable brain tumor.
e. A nurse follows the protocol for assessing
postoperative patients in the ICU.
f. A nursing student studies anatomy and
physiology of the body systems to understand the
disease states of assigned patients.
3) A nurse is using general systems theory to describe
the role of nursing to provide health promotion and
patient teaching. Which statements reflect key points
of this theory? Select all that apply.
a. A system is a set of individual elements that
rarely interact with each other.
b. The whole system is always greater than its parts.
c. Boundaries separate systems from each other and
their environments.
d. A change in one subsystem will not affect other
subsystems.
e. To survive, open systems maintain balance
through feedback.
f. A closed system allows input from and to the
environment.
4) A charge nurse meets with staff to outline a plan to
provide transcultural nursing care for patients in
their health care facility. Which theorist promoted
this type of caring as the central theme of nursing
care, knowledge, and practice?
a. Madeline Leininger
b. Jean Watson
c. Dorothy E. Johnson
d. Betty Newman
5) A student nurse interacting with patients on a cardiac
unit recognizes the four concepts in nursing theory
that determine nursing practice. Of these four, which
is most important?
a. Person
b. Environment
c. Health
d. Nursing
6) A nurse manager schedules a clinic for the staff to
address common nursing interventions used in the
facility and to explore how they can be performed
more efficiently and effectively. What is the term for
this type of theory affecting change in clinical
nursing practice?
a. Prescriptive theory
b. Descriptive theory
c. Developmental theory
d. General systems theory
7) When conducting quantitative research, the
researcher collects information to support a
hypothesis. This information would be identified as:
a. The subject
b. Variables
c. Data
d. The instrument
8) Which type of quantitative research is often
conducted to examine the effects of nursing
interventions on patient outcomes?
a. Descriptive research
b. Correlational research
c. Quasi-experimental research
d. Experimental research
9) Which method of qualitative research was developed
by the discipline of anthropology?
a. Historical
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded theory
d. Phenomenology
10) A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO
format. What does the letter P represent?
a. Comparison to another similar treatment
b. Clearly defined, focused literature review
c. Specific identification of the desired outcome
d. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest.