International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences

ISSN 0973-6077 Volume 12, Number 8 (2017), pp. 1575-1584

© Research India Publications
http://www.ripublication.com

Accumulation of Pb, Cu and Zn in Organ System of

Parang Fish (Chirocentrus dorab) and Biang Fish
(Setipinna paxtoni) from Meranti Islands, Sumatera
Indonesia

Yusni Ikhwan Siregar1)

Department of Marine Science,
Faculty of Fisheries And Marine Science Riau University, Pekanbaru

Abstract
The presence of heavy metals in coastal ecosystem have deleterious effect on
ecosystem, due to that of non-degradable properties and long half-lives. The
accumulation rate in the tissue and internal organ of fish are species-dependent
and are related to the mechanism of metabolism and detoxification. The
present paper aims at gaining information on distribution and accumulation of
Pb, Cu and Zn in fish of organ system of locally consumed fish, Parang Parang
as well as Biang fish.
Sample of Parang parang (Chirocentrus dorab) and Biang (Setipinna paxtoni)
were collected from fish catch of trap-net). Fish sample were kept in ice box
prior to analyzing in Laboratorium. Pb, Cu and Zn were analyzing following
Hutagalung,1997 by using AAS Perkin Elmer (Model 3110).
It revealed that both concentration of nonesential Pb, Cu and esential Zn, of
the gill were higher than that in fish muscle and fish bone. It also apperared
that essential heavy metal, Zn, is higher in organ system of both fishes. Zn in
gill accounted three to four fold higher than that of fish muscle and fish
bone. In general those metals were accumulated 20 to 80 folds than that of in
seawaters. Based on FAO/WHO Expert Committe on Food Additives (2004),
however, the level of heavy metals were in the range of safe for consumption.
Keywords: heavy metals, accumulation, fish, tropical coastal ecosystem.
1576 Yusni Ikhwan Siregar

1. INTRODUCTION
Heavy metals have been reported to contribute to the anthropogenic contamination of
marine ecosystem. Some of them are esential ( Zn, Cu) to the life processes of
organism,; while others are toxic (Pb, Hg and Cd) even at low concentration. Uptake
of heavy metals in fish are considerred through penetration passively via gill
memberane, skin and via food. The presence of heavy metals in oceans have
deleterious effect due to that of nondegradable properties and long half lives. Many
heavy metals are accumulated in tropical coastal fish (Siregar 2009; Siregar 2011;
Amin, 2009, 2010, 2013) . The accumulation in the tissue and organ system of fish
are species –dependent and are related to the mechanism of metabolism and
detoxification.
Contamination of xenobiotic especially heavy metals in coastal ecosystem were
continuously reported in relation to fast development of adjacent coastal area. This
anthrophogenik pollutant enter coastal ecosystem and undergoes hidrological
processes that also interact with biological prosess through food chain. Aquatic
vertebrate such as fish, through passive and active mechanisme may accumulate tha
heavy metals. Fish uses a variety of homeostasis strategies to limit the accumulation
of metals that coudl elicit toxic effects (Jakimska, 2011). In the metabolism it is
internal organ (liver), the site of detoxification, accumulation, biotranformation, and
enhance elimination (Fernandes 2007; Triebskorn 1997).
Kepulauan Meranti District of Riau Province consists of small islands namely Tebing
Tinggi, Ransang and Merbau. As a fast growing urbanization of the district, along the
coast of the islands has developed many sago processing plants, harbor, and city
infrastructure which presumably brought about variety of pollution to coastal waters.
Selat Air hitam is a strait of pollution address which heavily used for sea traffic, water
front city development, marine fish culture, and fishing ground for traditional people.
The present paper aims at gaining information on distribution and accumulation of Pb,
Cu and Zn in fish of organ system of Parang Parang fish as well as Biang fish, the
common consumed fish locally in Kepulauan Meranti District, Riau Indonesia.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fish sample were collected from traditional trapnet, so-called Gombang, along Selat
Air Hitam Meranti Island. Two sample stations were established purposively along
the straits (Fig. 1). Station 1 represent area of adjacent to domestic waste source and
industrial area of Selat Air Hitam of Meranti , while station 2 with three subsampling
station, represent of natural area since far away from dense population city and
adjacent a good mangrove vegetation.
Accumulation of Pb, Cu and Zn in Organ System of Parang Fish… 1577

Map of Sampling Stations

Figure 1. Map of Sampling Stations in Selat Air Hitam of Meranti District.

The fish of various size were sampled and kept in a cool boxes prior to the
destruction of the sample in Laboratorium. The organ system of fishes including gills,
muscle, bone and internal organ were seperated befor analyzing in AAS Perkin Elmer
(Model 3110).

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

It revealed that consentration of Pb, Cu and Zn in organ system of Parang-parang fish
(C. dorab) and Biang fish (S paxtoni) varied widely, as showed in Table 1.
1578 Yusni Ikhwan Siregar

Table 1. Consentration of Pb, Cu and Zn in organ systems (Gill, muscle, internal

organ and fish bone) of Parang fish (C dorab) (n = 10) 1.a, and Biang fish (S paxtoni)
1.b

1.a. Parang fish

Consentration (µg/g)
Organ
Pb Cu Zn
Gill 8,60± 1,43 9,25± 2,30 40,66± 7,31
Muscle 1,86± 0,32 1,75± 0,31 9,42 ± 2,02
Bone 4,72± 0,48 4,10± 0,59 20,10 ± 1,62
Seawater 0,017 0,107 0,107

1.b Biang fish

Concentrations (µg/g)
Organ
Pb Cu Zn
Gill 7,89± 0,43 10,62± 0,08 35,34± 3,84
Muscle 2,45± 0,15 3,38± 0,42 14,19 ± 0,67
Bone 3,74± 0,00 5,20± 0,53 15,85 ± 4,50
Seawater 0,107 0,107 0,107______

Table 2. Summary of statistical analysis of heavy metals content in organ system of

Fish.
Metal Organ Gills Muscle Internal Fish Bone

Pb Muscle -

Daging 0,001** -

Internal O 0,001** 0,820tn -

Bone 0,009** 0,024* 0,030* -

Cu Gills -
Accumulation of Pb, Cu and Zn in Organ System of Parang Fish… 1579

Muscle 0,004** -

I ternal 0,004** 0,912tn -

Bone 0,014* 0,127tn 0,145tn -

Zn Gill -

Muscle 0,001** -

Internal 0,001** 0,949tn -

Bone 0,007** 0,054tn 0,058tn -

Note * = p < 0,05 (significant)
** = p <0,01 (highly significant)
tn (non-signoificant)

It revealed that the gill accumulate toxic metal Pb and Cu highly since the organ
function related to respiratory mechanism of fishes. Statistical analysis (ANOVA)
showed that concentration/accumulation of both Pb and Cu differs (p<0.05)
siginificantly between organ. Gill appeared acummulated all non-essential heavy
metals(Zn) the highest Table 1. Comparison of heavy metal concentration of Pb, Cu
and Zn in organ system of Parang and Biang fish is illustrated in Figure 2,3 and 4.

10
9
Concentration of Pb (µg/g)

8
7
6
5
Parang Fish
4
3 Biang Fish
2
1
0
Gill Muscle Bone
Fish Organ

Figure 2. Consentration of Pb in Parang fish (C. Dorab) and Biang Biang Fish
(S. paxtoni )
1580 Yusni Ikhwan Siregar

12
Concentration of Cu (µg/g)
10

6
Parang Fish
4 Biang Fish

0
Gill Muscle Bone
Fish Organ

Figure 3. Consentration of Cu in Paran Parang fish (C. Dorab) and Biang Biang Fish
(S. paxtoni )

45
40
Concentration of Zn (µg/g)

35
30
25
20 Parang Fish
15 Biang Fish
10
5
0
Gill Muscle Bone
Fish Organ

Figure 4. Consentration of Zn in Paran Parang fish (C. Dorab) and Biang Biang Fish
(S. paxtoni )

Apparently, there was no different consentration of Pb, Cu and Zn between sampling

stations. The body of water in Selat air Hitam tend to be homogen all year long since
the two station were closely related in a semi-enclosed hydrooceanic system.
Comparison of heavy metals in two station are shown in Figure 5 (Parang Fish) and
Figure 6 for Biang Biang Fish.
Accumulation of Pb, Cu and Zn in Organ System of Parang Fish… 1581

45.00
40.00
35.00
Consentration (µg/g)

30.00
25.00
20.00 St. I

15.00 St. II

10.00
5.00
0.00
Pb Cu Zn
Metals

Figuire 5. Comparison of Pb, Cu and Zn in Parang fish (C. Dorab) sampled from
two stasiun in Selat Air Hitam Kepulauan Meranti, Riau

40.00

35.00
Consentration (µg/g)

30.00

25.00

20.00
St. I
15.00
St. II
10.00

5.00

0.00
Pb Cu Zn
Metals

Figuire 6. Comparison of Pb, Cu and Zn in Biang Biang fish (S. paxtoni ) sampled
from two stasiun in Selat Air Hitam Kepulauan Meranti, Riau

The main heavy metal sources were attributed to domestic sewage, agricultural
effluent and industrial that develop in the regions. Inter-species differences of heavy
metal accumulation were attributed to habitat differences as well as food habit of
coastal fish. Level of Zn in gill accounted three to four fold higher than that of fish
1582 Yusni Ikhwan Siregar

muscle and fish bone. Zn and Cu are of the essential metals in fish. In general those
metals were accumulated 20 to 80 folds than that of in seawaters. Based on
FAO/WHO Expert Committe on Food Additives (2004), however, the level of heavy
metals were in the range of safe for human consumption.

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