Mecanique Chimie

‫زـ ـ ـ ـ ـزء‬
‫الميكاويك‬
‫‪La mécanique‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪La gravitation universelle‬‬ ‫انحجاذب انكووي‬
‫‪Gravitation universelle‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬التجاذب الكوني‬
‫‪ .1.1‬قانون التجاذب الكوني ( قانون نيوتن ‪1687: Newton‬م )‬
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‫‪ .1.2‬الصياغة الرياضية لقانون نيوتن‬
‫‪d  AB‬‬ ‫‪ m A‬و ‪mB‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪F B/ A‬‬ ‫‪F A/ B‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ F A/ B‬و ‪F B / A‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
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‫‪2‬‬
‫ تطبيقات‬.1.3
e- p 1
r = 53 pm me- = 9,1.10-31Kg mp = 1,67.10-27Kg
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1 2
8 22 24
d = 3,84.10 m ML = 7,35.10 Kg MT = 5,98.10 Kg
2
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3
‫‪ .2‬مجال الثقالة‬
‫‪ .2.1‬مميزات متجهة مجال الثقالة‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪GM T‬‬
‫‪g0 = 9,81N/Kg‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪R2‬‬
‫‪MT = 5,98.1024Kg‬‬ ‫‪R = 6,37.106 m‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪g0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
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‫‪ .2.2‬تغيرات شدة مجال الثقالة‬

‫‪ .2.2.1‬التغيرات حسب االرتفاع‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ G‬و ‪ MT‬و ‪R‬‬ ‫‪g0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ G‬و ‪ MT‬و ‪ R‬و ‪h‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪gh‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪gh‬‬ ‫‪gh g0‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ .2.2.2‬التغيرات حسب خطوط العرض‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪g0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪g0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪-90°‬‬ ‫‪0°‬‬ ‫‪340‬‬ ‫‪900‬‬
‫‪9,832‬‬ ‫‪9.789‬‬ ‫‪9.796‬‬ ‫‪9,832‬‬ ‫)‪g0 (N/Kg‬‬
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‫‪ .3‬سلم المسافات‬
‫‪ .3.1‬تعاريف‬
‫‪Ordre de grandeur‬‬ ‫‪ .3.1.1‬رتبة قدر‬
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‫‪Unité astronomique‬‬ ‫‪ .3.1.2‬الوحدة الفلكية‬
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‫‪Année lumière‬‬ ‫‪ .3.1.3‬السنة الضوئية‬
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‫‪ .3.2‬تطبيق ‪:‬سلم المسافات في الكون والذرة‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬
‫المضاعفات‬ ‫الوحدة‬ ‫األجزاء‬

‫االسم‬
‫القيمة‬
‫بالمتر‬
‫الرمز‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫رتبة قدر‬ ‫الكتابة العلمية‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫المسافة‬

‫‪r  53 pm‬‬
‫‪R  6400km‬‬
‫‪  12 m‬‬
‫‪h  4,160km‬‬
‫‪R '  6,96.102 Gm‬‬
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‫‪6‬‬
1: ‫سهسهة انحماريه رقم‬
: 1 ‫التمرين‬
Km U.A A.L
Km 1
U.A 150.106 1
A.L 1
Rp Mp P gp .1
gT
gT .2
gP
.3
S .4
RT  6380km ، MT = 6.1024kg ، G = 6.67.10-11 (SI) ، RL = 1738km ، ML = 7.31022Kg : ‫وعطي‬
M r m
R
F0 R‫ و‬m M G 1
F r‫ و‬m M G 2
F0
F h .3
16
RL ML hL m = 600Kg (C) 1
hL RL hL g 1.1
g = 0 ,25 g0 hL 1.2
(C) 1.3
M h'L =36415km M (C) 2
(C) M
MT‫ و‬ML h'L RL 2.1
d 2.2
MT = 6.1024kg ، G = 6.67.10-11 (SI) ، RL = 1738km ، ML = 7.31022Kg
7
‫‪Exemples d’actions mécaniques‬‬ ‫أمرهة نحأذيرات ميكاويكية‬
‫‪ .1‬تصنيف القوى‬
‫‪ .1.1‬قوة التماس وقوة عن بعد والقوى الخارجية والداخلية‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪: 1‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬
‫‪2.4‬‬
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‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ .1.2‬التماس بدون احتكاك والتماس باحتكاك‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪: 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
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‫‪9‬‬
‫‪ .2‬القوة الضاغطة – مفهوم الضغط‬
‫‪ .2.1‬القوة الضاغطة‬
‫‪ .2.1.1‬اإلبراز التجريبي‬
‫نشاط ‪: 3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
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‫‪ .2.1.2‬اتجاه القوة الضاغطة‬

‫نشاط ‪4‬‬
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‫‪ .2.2‬مفهوم الضغط‬
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‫‪10‬‬

1
F  18N T  12N 2
 
T F 2.1
 
1cm  6N T F

1

R 2
R  1200N   30
P  800N
 
P R 2.1

R Ry Rx 2.2
 
( O ,i , j )

f 2.3
3 ‫التمرين‬
h
h (Pa) Patm Patm  9h  105
Patm .1
Patm .2
F .3
100 m l =1m L =1,20 m

F .4
1
g  10 N .kg .5
B A
1
2
11
Mouvement ‫انحركة‬
‫ نسبية الحركة‬.1
‫ الجسم المرجعي‬.1.1
:1‫نشاط‬
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‫ معلم الفضاء‬.1.2
M 2 ‫نشاط‬
O
 
، R(O; i; j; k )
1
2

M OM 3
 
R(O; i; j; k )
  
R(O; i; j; k ) OM 3.1
M z; y;x
M 3.2
 
OM (O; i; j ) 3.3
 
OM (O; i ) 34
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12
‫‪ .1.3‬معلم الزمن‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪: 3‬‬
‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪t 0‬‬

‫‪A4 , A3 , A1‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A0‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪A4 A1‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
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‫‪ .1.4‬المسار‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪4‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫);‪R(O; i; j‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫);‪R(O; i; j‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
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‫‪ .2‬سرعة نقطة من جسم في حركة‬

‫نشاط ‪:5‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪،   40ms‬‬
‫‪ .2.1‬السرعة المتوسطة‬
‫‪ M0‬و ‪، M6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪M 11 M 6‬‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪Vm ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫)‪(SI‬‬ ‫‪Vm‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬
‫‪M 11 M 6‬‬ ‫‪M6‬‬ ‫‪M0‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬
‫‪2.3‬‬
‫‪13‬‬
‫‪ .2.2‬السرعة اللحظية‬
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‫‪V9 V7 V5 V1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
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‫‪ .2.3‬متجهة السرعة اللحظية‬

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‫‪   ‬‬
‫‪V9 V7 V5 V1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪V5‬‬ ‫‪V1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪V9‬‬ ‫‪V7‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫‪ .3‬الحركة المستقيمية المنتظمة‬
‫‪ .3.1‬اإلبراز التجريبي‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫)‪(C‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪6‬‬
‫‪   60ms‬ووحصم عهى انتسجيم ‪2‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
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‫‪ .3.2‬المعادلة الزمنية‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪A1‬‬ ‫) ‪(O , i‬‬ ‫‪A0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪7‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫) ‪( x, t‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫) ‪x  f (t‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫) ‪x  f (t‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫‪ .4‬الحركة الدائرية المنتظمة‬
‫‪  20ms‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪O‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪M 5 M 3 M1‬‬ ‫‪Vi‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................................................ ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................................................ ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................................................ ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................................................ ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................................................ ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................................................ ...................‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
1 1 1
350cm.s 240m.min 10m .s km / h 1
1 1 1
20m.min 9km .h m.s .2
  40ms M
1
2
M 1
M5 M3 M1 M Vi 2
  
V5 V 3 V1 3

M M0 ( O ,i ) M2 4

( O ,i ) C S (1)
t=0
C ‫منحى‬ ‫منحى‬ S
‫الحركة‬ O 𝑖 ‫الحركة‬ x(cm)
-2 12 (1 )‫شكل‬
t S x (x,t) 1
S 1.1
S3 S2 S1 S0
x =f(t) 1.2
100 60 40 20 S 1.3
t(ms) 
S2 V S 1.4
-8 0 4 8
x(cm) C (2) 2
 
( O ,i ) C VC 2.1
(2 )‫شكل‬ C 2.2
VC(m/s)
C‫و‬S 3
5
t(s)
x B  90t  40 x A  130t B A
t x
1
xB f (t ) x A  h( t ) 2
17
‫‪Principe d’inertie‬‬ ‫مثدأ انقصور‬
‫‪ .1‬مفعول قوة على حركة جسم صلب‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫مناولة ‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫مناولة ‪1‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2‬مبدأ القصور‬
‫‪ .2.1‬مركز قصور جسم صلب‬
‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫) ‪(1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪G‬‬
‫‪.4‬‬
‫‪i n‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪F‬‬
‫‪i 1‬‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫‪ .2.2‬مبدأ القصور‬
‫‪ .2.2.1‬نص المبدأ ‪:‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2.2.2‬تطبيق ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .3‬الحركة اإلجمالية والحركة الخاصة‬

‫نشاط ‪: 3‬‬
‫‪G‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪G‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪A15 M 15 ....., A1M 1 , A0 M 0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬
‫‪A4‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................................................ ...................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪19‬‬
‫‪ .4‬مركز القصور ومركز الكتلة لمجموعة مادية‬
‫‪ .4.1‬مركز الكتلة‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .4.2‬تطابق مركز الكتلة ومركز القصور‬

‫‪B A‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪4‬‬
‫‪mB  2mA‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪B A‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪Ci‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪G‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
G G
2s 10cm.s 1
2s 0s 1
2
t = 5s 3
1
G
G 1.1
1.2
2
2.1
G 2.2
1
2   20ms
G 1
2
3
M L = 4m OA
G0
L
OG1  G1 m1 S1
4
 L
i r G2 m2 S2
12
1
   
L i OG2 OG0 OG1 2
S2 S1 G 3

i L M m2 m1 O
m 2  3m1 OG 4
21
‫‪Quantité du mouvement‬‬ ‫كمية انحركة‬
‫‪ .1‬كمية الحركة‬
‫‪ .1.1‬تعريف‬
‫نشاط ‪: 1‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪m4  m3‬‬ ‫‪V1  V2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪ .1.2‬متجهة كمية الحركة‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪p  m.VG‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫‪ .1.3‬متجهة كمية الحركة لمجموعة مكونة من جسمين صلبين‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪ .2‬انحفاظ متجهة كمية الحركة‬

‫‪ .2.1‬متجهة كمية الحركة لجسم صلب شبه معزول‬
‫‪G‬‬ ‫‪m  630 g‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪  60ms‬‬
‫‪G‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪G4 , G3 , G1‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪  ‬‬
‫‪p4 , p3 , p1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪  ‬‬
‫‪ p4 , p3 , p1‬واستىتج‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫‪ .2.2‬متجهة كمية الحركة لمجموعة شبه معزولة أثناء تطورها‬
‫‪ .2.2.1‬حالة االنفجار‬
‫‪m1  50 g‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪4‬‬
‫‪m2  2.m1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫' ‪‬‬ ‫' ‪‬‬
‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪p2‬‬ ‫‪p1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫'‪p‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫'‪p‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ...................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫ قانون االنحفاظ‬.2.2.2
.........................
......................................................................................................... ...................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.........................
......................................................................................................... ...................
.....................................................................................................................................................
‫ تغير متجهة كمية الحركة‬.3
5 ‫نشاط‬
m  640 g
m0

F 1
2

2N F 3
  
 p  p 3  p1 C3 4
  
 p '  p5  p3 C5 C1 C3
C3 C5
 
p' p 
F 5
t5  t3 t3  t1
........................................................................................................... ........................................................
.........................
....................................................................................................................... ...................
............................................................................... ....................................................................................
........................................................................................................... ........................................................
.........................
....................................................................................................................... ...................
............................................................................... ....................................................................................
........................................................................................................... ........................................................
.........................
....................................................................................................................... ...................
............................................................................... ....................................................................................
........................................................................................................... ........................................................
.........................
....................................................................................................................... ...................
25
m2 = 600g S2 m1 = 300g S1
τ =20ms S2 S1
V2 V1 S2 S1 1
S2 S1 2
S2 S1 3
m2 S2 m1  700 g S1
2 S1 1
S 1 ,S 2 
S2 m2
M  200 g S 2 S1
G 2 G1
G 2 G1 1
2
 
p1  p 2 S2 S1 3
4
S 1 ,S 2  .5
26
‫جوازن جسم صهة خاضع نقوجيه ‪Equilibre d’un corps solide soumis a deux forces‬‬
‫‪ .1‬القوة المطبقة من طرف نابض‬

‫نشاط‪:1‬‬
‫‪ ،  0‬أجساما مختهفت انكتهت ‪.‬‬
‫ووقيس في كم مرة انطىل انىهائي ‪ ‬نهىابض ‪ .‬شكم ‪.1‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫) ‪m( g‬‬
‫)‪(cm‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪     0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪4.1‬‬
‫) ‪T .102 ( N‬‬
‫)‪.102 (m‬‬
‫‪ T‬شذة انقىة انمطبقت مه طرف انىابض عهى ‪ . S‬وعطي ‪g  10 N .kg 1‬‬

‫)‪T  f (‬‬ ‫‪.4.2‬‬
‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪T  k.‬‬ ‫‪.4.3‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪27‬‬
‫‪ .2‬دافعة ارخميدس‬
‫‪ .2.1‬تعريف‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫نشاط‪:2‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2.2‬تعبير شدة دافعة ارخميدس‬

‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪g  9.8N .kg 1‬‬ ‫‪  1g.cm3‬‬
‫‪28‬‬
‫‪ .2.3‬تعميم‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪: 4‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪29‬‬
‫سهسهة انحماريه رقم ‪6:‬‬
‫التمرين ‪: 1‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪r  5 cm‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ 0  5, 3cm‬‬ ‫‪ 0  16cm‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬
‫‪L  800kg .m 3‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪  2 , 5cm‬‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬
‫‪2.2‬‬
‫‪2.3‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬
‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪g  10N .kg 1‬‬ ‫‪V ( S )  r3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫التمرين ‪2‬‬
‫‪ 0  10cm‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪250 200 170 120 70 50 20 0‬‬ ‫) ‪m( g‬‬
‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪68 54 46 33 19 14 5 0‬‬
‫‪ m‬بذالنت اإلطانت ‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪g  10N .kg 1‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪m3  300 g ، m2  150 g‬‬ ‫‪m1  100 g‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ R  5cm‬مصىىعت مه مادة كتهتها انحجميت ‪ ‬في سائم‬
‫كتهته انحجميت ‪ .  L  800kg.m3‬تطفى انكرة فىق انسائم يكىن انجزء انمغمىر هى وصف حجمها‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3.1‬‬
‫‪3.2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪V   R3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫جوازن جسم صهة جحد جأذير ذالخ قوى‬
‫‪Equilibre d’un corps solide soumis a l’action de trois forces‬‬
‫‪ .1‬شرطا التوازن لجسم صلب خاضع لثالث قوى‬

‫نشاط ‪: 1‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪31‬‬
‫قوة االحتكاك‬: ‫ تطبيق‬.2
: 2 ‫نشاط‬
m  500 g S 2 1

F  2N F
S 1.1

R S 2.1
S

R S 3.1
R  RN 2  RT 2 4.1

 R  5

 R
k k  tan( ) 6
0  F  5.1N F S F 7
k0 0
2
k 1.2

R 2.2
3.2
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
32
 = 30° P = 3N S
S  = 15°
S 1
S 2
3
m = 1kg AB
g = 10 N/Kg  = 30° T = 8,6 N C
1
2
( A; i ; j )
R 3
R 4
 = 45°  = 30° m = 300Kg S
S 1
g = 10 N/Kg 2
3
33
‫جوازن جسم صهة قاتم نهدوران حول محور ذاتث‬
‫‪Equilibre d’un corps solide en rotation autour d’un axe fixe‬‬
‫‪ .1‬عزم قوة‬
‫‪ .1.1‬مفعول قوة على دوران جسم صلب‬
‫نشاط ‪: 1‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪F3‬‬ ‫)‪(‬‬ ‫‪F2‬‬ ‫‪F1‬‬
‫)‪(‬‬ ‫)‪(‬‬
‫)‪(‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪(‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .1.2‬عزم قوة بالنسبة لمحور ثابت‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪: 2‬‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫)‪(‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪(‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪d‬‬
‫‪34‬‬
............................................................................................................................................................
A3 A2 A1 A0 A
F(N)
............................................................................................................................................................
d(m)
............................................................................................................................................................
F.d
‫ عزم مزدوجة قوتين‬.2

MN 8 7 : 3 ‫نشاط‬
d MN G ()
 
F 2 F1 1
 
M  (F 2 ) M  (F1) 2
 
F d M M   M  (F1)  M  (F 2 ) 3
 
F2 F1 M 4
M 4.1
4.2
............................................................................ .......................................................................................
..................................................................... ..............................................................................................
.............................................................. .......
..............................................................................................
............................................................................ .......................................................................................
..................................................................... ..............................................................................................
.............................................................. .......
..............................................................................................
............................................................................ .......................................................................................
..................................................................... ..............................................................................................
.............................................................. .......
..............................................................................................
35
‫‪ .3‬شرطا التوازن لجسم صلب قابل للدوران حول محور ثابت‬
‫‪ .3.1‬الشرط الثاني للتوازن ‪ :‬مبرهنة العزوم‬
‫)‪(‬‬ ‫‪m  120 g‬‬ ‫‪L  30cm‬‬
‫‪Ps  1N‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬
‫‪1, 4N‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫) ‪ M  (F i‬‬
‫‪i 1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪..................................................................... .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................. ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................................... .......‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................... .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................. ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................................... .......‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................... .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................. ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................................... .......‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................... .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................. ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................................... .......‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................. ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................................... .......‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................... .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................. ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................................... .......‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .3.2‬شرطا التوازن لجسم صلب قابل للدوران حول محور ثابت‬
‫‪..................................................................... .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................. ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................................... .......‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪36‬‬
‫ تمرين تطبيقي‬.3.3
Δ ( P)
𝑖
S1 f1 r1=2 cm
𝑗
.‫ مغمىر في إواء به ماء‬، V ‫ وحجمه‬m1 = 100g
f2 r2 = 3 cm
m2 = 2.m1 S2
f2 f1

(O, i, j ) . g  10 N .kg 1
S2 S1 P
1
f2 T2 r2 r1 f1 T1 2
S2 3
T  k .m2 .g
'
2 f2 T '
2 4
K = 0,17 T '2 k
'
T1 T 2 T2 5
S1 6
m1.g  T 1'
V S1 V 7
 .g
 f1 T 1'
  1g.ml 1 S1 V T 1' T1 8
..................................................................... ...................................................................................... ............. .
.............................................................. ................................................................................ ...........................
....................................................... .......................................................................... ........................................
..................................................................... ...................................................................................... ............. .
.............................................................. ................................................................................ ...........................
....................................................... .......................................................................... ........................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................
37
‫‪ .4‬عزم مزدوجة اللي‬
‫‪ .4.1‬اإلبراز التجريبي لمزدوجة اللي‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪5‬‬
‫‪150°‬‬ ‫‪0°‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪F2‬‬ ‫‪F1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪MC‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪..................................................................... .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................. ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................................... .......‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................... .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................. ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................................... .......‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................. ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................................... .......‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .4.2‬تعبير عزم مزدوجة اللي‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪(‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪F2‬‬ ‫‪F1‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪6‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪F2‬‬ ‫‪F1‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫) ‪M   f (‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪MC‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪M   F .d‬‬ ‫)‪d (m‬‬ ‫) ‪F  m.g ( N‬‬ ‫) ‪ (rad‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪38‬‬
 r1 = 4r2 r2 r1 P
I
r1 f1 K
 = 30 m = 0,2Kg S
AB
f2 O L M = 0,6Kg
g = 10N/Kg r2
f2 90° O  = 45° AB
S 1
S 1.1
1.2
f1 F1 T R 1.3
P 2
P 2.1
F2 F1 f2 F2 2.2
AB 3
(A;x;y) R1 3.1
3.2
OO1   25cm AB 1
 
( F1 , F2 ) C1  0, 42 N .m.rad 1

 
( F1 , F2 ) M 1
Mc M 2
2
F2  3.10 N  3
39
C2 OO2 4
 
2 ( F1' , F2' )
 
 C2 C1 ( F1' , F2' ) 4.1

 
 ( F1' , F2' )
C2 4.2
40
‫زـ ـ ـ ـ ـزء‬
‫انكيـ ــياء‬
‫م‬
‫‪La chimie‬‬
‫‪41‬‬
‫‪Les espèces chimiques‬‬ ‫األنىاع انكيميبئيخ‬
‫‪ .1‬مفهوم النوع الكيميائي‬

‫نشاط‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪42‬‬
‫‪ .2‬األنواع الكيميائية الطبيعية واألنواع الكيميائية المصنعة‬
‫الوثيقة ‪2‬‬ ‫الوثيقة ‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫مكونات المشروب‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫مكونات الثوب‬
‫‪10 %‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪20 %‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪70 %‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪43‬‬
‫سهسهخ انتمبسين سقم ‪9:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫مكونات الزبدة‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ -‬مهح‬ ‫ماء‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ -‬الكخُش‬ ‫شٌج مباحٍت‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ -‬مكٍاث‬ ‫مُاد ذٌىٍت‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ -‬مهُواث‬ ‫مُاد حافظت‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪pH‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪95%‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪pH=3‬‬ ‫‪pH‬‬ ‫‪pH‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪5.1‬‬
‫‪.5.2‬‬
‫‪44‬‬
‫استخشاج وفصم األنىاع انكيميبئيخ وانكشف عنهب‬
‫‪Extraction ,séparation et identification d’espèces chimiques‬‬
‫‪ .1‬مقاربة تاريخية لتقنيات االستخراج‬

‫نشاط ‪:1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2‬تقنيات االستخراج‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2.1‬االستخراج بواسطة مذيب ‪ :‬التصفيق‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪4.1‬‬
‫‪4.2‬‬
‫‪4.3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪...........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪45‬‬
‫‪ .2.2‬التقطير المائي ‪ :‬استخراج زيت الخزامى العطرية‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪3‬‬
‫‪10g‬‬
‫‪100m‬‬
‫‪60m‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪4.1‬‬
‫‪4.2‬‬
‫‪3g‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪5.1‬‬
‫‪5.2‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪46‬‬
‫‪ .3‬التحليل الكروماتوغرافي‬
‫‪ .3.1‬تعريف‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .3.2‬التحليل الكروماتوغرافي على طبقة رقيقة‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪h‬‬
‫‪Rf ‬‬ ‫‪Rf‬‬
‫‪H‬‬
‫‪Rf‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪4.1‬‬
‫‪4.2‬‬
‫‪4.3‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪47‬‬
‫)‪( menthone‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪25%‬‬ ‫‪75%‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪4.1‬‬
‫‪.4.2‬‬
‫‪.4.3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪4.1‬‬
‫‪4.2‬‬
‫‪4.3‬‬
‫)‪(b‬‬ ‫)‪(a‬‬
‫‪48‬‬
‫‪Synthèse des espèces chimiques‬‬ ‫تصنيع األنىاع انكيميبئيخ‬
‫‪ .1‬ضرورة كيمياء التصنيع‬

‫‪1930‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪1‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪1931‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪1937‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................ ...................................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ..........................................................‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................. .................................................................‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................... ........................................................................‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................ ...................................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ..........................................................‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................. .................................................................‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................... ........................................................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... ..........................................................‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................. .................................................................‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................... ........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2‬تصنيع نوع كيميائي‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪5m‬‬ ‫‪10m‬‬
‫‪20min‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪.6‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪49‬‬
......................................................................................................... ..........................................................
.................................................................................................. .................................................................
........................................................................................... ........................................................................
......................................................................................................... ..........................................................
.................................................................................................. .................................................................
........................................................................................... ........................................................................
......................................................................................................... ..........................................................
.................................................................................................. .................................................................
........................................................................................... ........................................................................
......................................................................................................... ..........................................................
.................................................................................................. .................................................................
........................................................................................... ........................................................................
......................................................................................................... ..........................................................
.................................................................................................. .................................................................
........................................................................................... ........................................................................
......................................................................................................... ..........................................................
.................................................................................................. .................................................................
........................................................................................... ........................................................................
........................................................................................... ........................................................................
......................................................................................................... ..........................................................
.................................................................................................. .................................................................
........................................................................................... ........................................................................
......................................................................................................... ..........................................................
.................................................................................................. .................................................................
........................................................................................... ........................................................................
50
‫)‪(phenolphtaline‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪22cm3‬‬ ‫) ‪( NaOH‬‬ ‫‪40cm3‬‬

‫)‪(pierre ponce‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪.4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3.1‬‬
‫‪3.2‬‬
‫‪51‬‬
‫‪Modèle de l’atome‬‬ ‫نمىرج انزسح‬
‫‪ .1‬نموذج الذرة‬
‫‪ .1.1‬لمحة تاريخية‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫انحقجخ‬
‫‪1926‬‬ ‫‪1913‬‬ ‫‪1911‬‬ ‫‪1902‬‬
‫انتبسيخيخ‬
‫اسم انعبنم‬
‫اننمىرج‬
‫انمقتشح‬
‫‪52‬‬
‫‪ .1.2‬تجربة ريدرفورد‬
‫‪1909‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪2‬‬
‫‪α‬‬
‫‪α‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2‬بنية الذرة‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2.1‬االلكترونات‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2.2‬النواة‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2.3‬التمثيل الرمزي لنواة الذرة‬

‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪53‬‬
56
26 Fe ‫تطبيق‬
1
2
e َ Z ‫بدالنت‬ A
Z X q 3
4
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
‫ كتلة الذرة‬.2.4
A
Z X 3 ‫نشاط‬
mn mp A Z mN 1
me mn mp A Z mA 2
mp
3
me
mp  mn 4
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
54
‫‪ .2.5‬أبعاد الذرة‬
‫) َانقٍمت‬ ‫‪ ( rA‬انشعاع انرزي ) ٌخغٍس بٍه انقٍمت ‪( rA  53 pm‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪: 4‬‬
‫) ‪53 pm  rA  270 pm‬‬ ‫‪rA  270 pm‬‬
‫‪1015 m‬‬ ‫‪rN‬‬
‫‪rA‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪rN‬‬ ‫‪rA‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .3‬العنصر الكيميائي‬
‫‪ .3.1‬النظائر‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .3.2‬االيونات األحادية الذرة‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Fe 2 ‬‬ ‫‪Zn 2‬‬ ‫‪O 2‬‬ ‫‪Fe 3‬‬ ‫‪C ‬‬ ‫‪Cu 2 ‬‬ ‫‪Na ‬‬
‫‪55‬‬
‫‪ .3.3‬العنصر الكيميائي‬
‫‪ .3.3.1‬تعريف‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .3.3.2‬انحفاظ العنصر الكيميائي‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪4 3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪3.5‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪56‬‬
‫‪ .4‬التوزيع االلكتروني‬
‫‪ .4.1‬الطبقات االلكترونية‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .4.2‬توزيع االلكترونات على الطبقات االلكترونية‬

‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .4.3‬البنية االلكترونية‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪57‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪CaCO3‬‬ ‫‪FeC  3‬‬ ‫‪HNO3‬‬ ‫‪Na2SO 4‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪A = 14‬‬ ‫‪Z=7‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬

‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Bi‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪q  1.33.10 C‬‬ ‫‪209‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪m = 23.20g‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪cm‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪m3‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪r = 190 pm‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪58‬‬
‫انتشتيت انذوسي نهعنبصش انكيميبئيخ‬
‫‪Classification périodique des éléments chimiques‬‬
‫‪ .1‬الترتيب الدوري للعناصر الكيميائية‬

‫‪ .1.1‬طريقة ماندلييف في إنشاء الترتيب الدوري‬
‫نشاط ‪: 1‬‬
‫‪63‬‬ ‫‪1869‬‬
‫‪115‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .1.2‬المعايير الحالية للترتيب الدوري‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪2‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫)‪VIII(18‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪He‬‬
‫‪( K )2‬‬
‫) ‪(K‬‬ ‫‪II‬‬ ‫)‪III(13‬‬ ‫)‪IV(14‬‬ ‫)‪V(15‬‬ ‫)‪VI(16‬‬ ‫)‪VII(17‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Li‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Be‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪Ne‬‬
‫)‪( K ) ( L‬‬ ‫)‪( K ) ( L‬‬ ‫)‪( K ) ( L‬‬ ‫)‪( K ) ( L‬‬ ‫)‪( K ) ( L‬‬ ‫)‪( K ) ( L‬‬ ‫)‪( K ) ( L‬‬ ‫)‪( K ) ( L‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪Na‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪Mg‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪Al‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪Si‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪Cl‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪Ar‬‬
‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬
‫الترتيب الدوري المختصر للعناصر الكيميائية حيث ‪1  Z  18‬‬
‫‪59‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2‬استعمال الترتيب الدوري‬

‫‪ .2.1‬المجموعات الكيميائية‬
‫‪ .2.1.1‬مجموعة الهالوجينات‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪I  َ Br  ، Cl ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪AgCl‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪Ag‬‬ ‫‪Cl‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3 2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪ .2.1.2‬مجموعة القالئيات‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2.1.3‬مجموعة الغازات النادرة‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2.2‬استثمار الترتيب الدوري للعناصر الكيميائية‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪61‬‬
62
‫‪( K )2 ( L)5‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬أعظ زقم اندَزة َاسم انمجمُعت انخً ٌىخمً إنٍٍا ‪X‬‬
‫‪62‬‬ ‫حعسف اسم انعىصس ‪X‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Z  12‬‬ ‫‪A  24‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪.4‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪62‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪63‬‬
‫هنذسخ ثعض انجضيئبد‬
‫‪Géométrie de quelques molécules‬‬
‫‪ .1‬القاعدتان الثنائية و الثمانية‬

‫‪ .1.1‬استقرار الغازات النادرة‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪Ar‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪Ne 24 He‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪Cl‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪Al‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪Na‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Be‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Li‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪Cl ‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪O 2‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪Al 3‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪Na ‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Be2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Li ‬‬
‫‪3.1‬‬
‫‪3.2‬‬
‫‪3.3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ Na َ Cl‬؟ عهم جُابك‬ ‫‪3.4‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪64‬‬
‫‪ .1.2‬نص القاعدتين‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .1.3‬تمثيل الجزيئات حسب نموذج لويس‬

‫‪ .1.3.1‬الرابطة التساهمية‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫نشاط‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪Cl‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪65‬‬
‫‪ .1.3.2‬نموذج لويس‬
‫‪C4 H10 َ N 2 ، O2 ، HCl ، NH 3 ، H 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪C4 H10‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪66‬‬
‫ مفهوم التماكب‬.1.3.3
CH 3  C H  CH 3
/
َ CH3  CH 2  CH 2  CH3 4 ‫نشاط‬
CH 3
.1
2
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
‫ هندسة بعض الجزيئات‬.2

5 ‫نشاط‬
Cl S O N C H
َ C2 H 6 ، C2 H 4 ، NH 3 ، CH 4 ، H 2O ، HCl ، N 2 ، O2 ، Cl2 1
CO2
V 2
CO2 H 2O 3
CH 4 َ NH 3
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
67
‫سهسهخ انتمبسين سقم ‪14 :‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫زمص االٌُن‬
‫عدد األشَاج‬ ‫عدد األشَاج‬
‫انممكه انحصُل‬ ‫ومُذج نٌُس‬ ‫انبىٍت االنكخسَوٍت‬ ‫انعىصس انكٍمٍائً‬
‫انغٍس انسابطت‬ ‫انسابطت‬
‫عهًٍ‬
‫‪19‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪Be‬‬
‫‪27‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪28‬‬
‫‪Si‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Ne‬‬
‫‪CF4‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫‪.5‬‬
‫‪6‬‬‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪, 7N‬‬ ‫‪, 8O‬‬ ‫‪, 1H‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪1.1‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬
‫‪1.3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2.1‬‬
‫‪2.2‬‬
‫‪CH nC‬‬
‫‪Cl C H‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪68‬‬
‫انمىل – كميخ انمبدح‬
La mole – Quantité de matière
‫ مفهوم المول‬.1
m  6,3 g Fe 1 ‫نشاط‬
m p  mn  1, 67.1027 kg 56
26 Fe
56
m( 26 Fe) 1
N 2
3
4
6,02.1023
) 1mo
4.1
m '  12 g 12
6C 12
6C N' 4.2
23
6,02.10 23
m( C )  1,992662.10
12
6 g 12
6C
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................................
69
‫‪ .2‬الكتلة المولية‬
‫‪ .2.1‬الكتلة المولية الذرية‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪H , O , Cl, N , C‬‬ ‫تطبيق‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2.2‬الكتلة المولية الجزيئية‬

‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪CO2 ، CH 4 ، H 2 ، NH 3‬‬ ‫تطبيق‬

‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2.3‬العالقة بين الكتلة وكمية المادة‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫تطبيق ‪1 :‬‬

‫‪  1g.cm‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪ .3‬حالة الغازات‬
‫‪ .3.1‬الحجم المولي‬
‫‪ .3.1.1‬تعريف‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .3.1.2‬قانون افوكادرو – امبير‬

‫‪ m‬كخهت انحجم ‪ V  0,533‬نبعض انغاشاث فً وفس انشسَط انخجسٌبٍت ندزجت‬ ‫نشاط ‪2‬‬
‫انحسازة َانضغظ ‪ .‬احمم انجدَل َاسخىخج‬
‫‪H2‬‬ ‫‪CH 4‬‬ ‫‪C2 H 4‬‬ ‫‪O2‬‬
‫‪0, 040‬‬ ‫‪0,330‬‬ ‫‪0, 577‬‬ ‫‪0, 665‬‬ ‫) ‪m( g‬‬
‫) ‪M ( g.mo1‬‬
‫)‪n(mo‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .3.2‬العالقة بين الحجم وكمية المادة‬

‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪80%‬‬ ‫‪20%‬‬ ‫تطبيق‬
‫‪V  90m‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ .3‬اسخىخج كخهت كم مه انغاشٌه‬
‫‪71‬‬
‫ كثافة غاز بالنسبة للهواء‬.3.3
m' m d 3 ‫نشاط‬
d m' m d 1
1
V0  22, 4.mo V 2
M m 2.1
M' M' m' 2.2
  1,3g.1
M
M d 2.3
29
C4 H10 CH 4 3
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
72
15: ‫سهسهخ انتمبسين سقم‬
C8 H10 N4O2 600mg

.1
80mg .2
.3
.4
  0,79 g.cm 3 C2 H 5OH
1
V1 = 0,5l 2
0,2 mol V2 3
M(C)= 12g/mol ; M(H)= 1g/mol ; M(O)= 16g/mol
E330
Cx H x2Ox1 1
  30 g. 1
M  192 g.mo 1
x M (Cx H x2Ox1 ) 1.1

x 1.2
1.3
M (Ox 1 ) 100
%O  2
M (Cx H x  2Ox 1 )
2.1
2.2
V  75 c 3
M  V n 3.1
n 3.2
V N 3.3
M (C )  12 g.mo1 M ( H )  1g.mo1 M (O)  16 g.mo1
N A  6, 02.1023 mo 1
73
‫انتشكيض انمىني‬
‫‪Concentration molaire‬‬
‫‪ .1‬المحاليل‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2‬التركيز المولي لمحلول‬

‫‪ .2.1‬تحضير محلول مائي‬
‫‪V  100m‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪C12 H 22O11‬‬ ‫‪m  20 g‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪S0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫استثمار‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪74‬‬
3
4
5
6
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
75
‫‪ .2.2‬التركيز المولي لمحلول‬
‫تعريف‪:‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪S0‬‬ ‫‪C0‬‬ ‫تطبيق‬

‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .3‬تخفيف محلول‬
‫‪ .3.1‬تحضير محلول مخفف ذو حجم معين انطالقا من محلول تركيزه معروف‬
‫‪C0‬‬ ‫‪S0‬‬ ‫‪V1  250m‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪3‬‬
‫‪S0‬‬ ‫‪20m‬‬
‫‪V0  10m‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪S0‬‬ ‫‪V0  10m‬‬ ‫‪n0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪n0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪C0‬‬ ‫‪C1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪76‬‬
‫ مبدأ التخفيف‬.3.2
V' C' S' C S V 4 ‫نشاط‬

V C S n 1
V ' C' S' n' 2
CV.  C '.V ' 3
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
77
Cx H 2 xOx
M  180 g.mo1
x 1
2
m  9g 3
n 3.1
N 3.2
S0 C0 . S0 V  500m 4
  50 S S0 5
C 5.1
5.2
100ml ;500ml 150ml ;300ml;75ml

10ml; 20ml;5ml 100ml ; 250ml ;1l
0, 01g
Co = 1mol/l NaOH S0 500ml
S0 1
2
S0 C1 = 10-1mol/l S1 3
S1 200ml S0 V0 3.1
S0 S1 3.2
C0
3.3
C1
M(Na) = 23g/mol ; M(H) = 1g/mol ; M(O) = 16g/mol   1g.cm3
78
‫نمذجخ انتحىل انكيميبئي وحصيهخ انمبدح‬
‫‪Modélisation de la transformation chimique et bilan de la matière‬‬
‫‪ .1‬التحول الكيميائي لمجموعة‬

‫تعريف‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪II‬‬ ‫‪II‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪1‬‬
‫‪Cu(OH )2‬‬ ‫‪II‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫مجوعة كيميائية‬
‫‪2.1‬‬
‫‪2.2‬‬
‫الحالة البدئية‬ ‫الحالة النهائية‬
‫) ‪( P, T‬‬ ‫) ‪( P, T‬‬
‫التحول الكيميائي‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪79‬‬
‫‪ .2‬التفاعل الكيميائي‬
‫‪ .2.1‬نمذجة التحول الكيميائي‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2.2‬المعادلة الكيميائية‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2.3‬موازنة المعادلة الكيميائية‬

‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ C4 H10‬فً انٍُاء ( وعخبسي ٌخكُن فقظ مه غاشي ثىائً االَكسجٍه َثىائً االشَث ) بُاسطت‬ ‫تطبيق ‪1‬‬
‫مُقد بىصن وحصم عهى غاش ثىائً اَكسٍد انكسبُن‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪80‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫تطبيق ‪2‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................................................‬‬
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‫‪ .3‬حصيلة المادة‬
‫‪ .3.1‬مفهوم تقدم تفاعل كيميائي‬
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‫‪81‬‬
‫‪ .3.2‬الدراسة الكمية للتفاعل الكيميائي‬
‫‪ .3.2.1‬الحالة النهائية‬
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‫‪ .3.2.2‬المتفاعل المحد والمتفاعل األوفر‬
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‫‪ .3.2.3‬تقدم األقصى‬
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‫‪82‬‬
‫‪ .3.2.4‬حصيلة المادة‬
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‫‪ 2mo‬مه ‪ 2mo َ Cu 2‬مه ‪OH ‬‬ ‫تطبيق‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
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‫‪83‬‬
n0 (CH 4 )  4.103 mo

n0 (O2 )  7.103 mo CH 4
CO2
1
2
xmax 3
4
5
6
Vm  24.mo 1 ‫نعطي‬
M ( H )  1g.mo1 M (O)  16 g.mo1 M (C )  12 g.mo1
Na2 O O2 V = 2,88 ℓ Na 4,6 g
1
2
3.1
3.2
4
4,1 g 5
V𝑚 = 24ℓ/moℓ 𝑀 𝑁𝑎 = 23𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 ‫نعطي‬
84
‫جـ ـ ـ ـ ـصء‬
‫انكهشة‬
‫اء‬
‫‪L’électricité‬‬
‫‪85‬‬

Mecanique Chimie

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‫زـ ـ ـ ـ ـزء‬

‫‪Gravitation universelle‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬التجاذب الكوني‬

‫‪ .1.1‬قانون التجاذب الكوني ( قانون نيوتن ‪1687: Newton‬م )‬

‫‪ .1.2‬الصياغة الرياضية لقانون نيوتن‬

‫‪d  AB‬‬ ‫‪ m A‬و ‪mB‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫نشاط ‪1‬‬

‫‪ .2.2‬تغيرات شدة مجال الثقالة‬

‫‪-90°‬‬ ‫‪0°‬‬ ‫‪340‬‬ ‫‪900‬‬

‫‪9,832‬‬ ‫‪9.789‬‬ ‫‪9.796‬‬ ‫‪9,832‬‬ ‫)‪g0 (N/Kg‬‬

‫‪Unité astronomique‬‬ ‫‪ .3.1.2‬الوحدة الفلكية‬

‫‪Année lumière‬‬ ‫‪ .3.1.3‬السنة الضوئية‬

‫‪ .3.2‬تطبيق ‪:‬سلم المسافات في الكون والذرة‬

‫المضاعفات‬ ‫الوحدة‬ ‫األجزاء‬

‫رتبة قدر‬ ‫الكتابة العلمية‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫المسافة‬

RT  6380km ، MT = 6.1024kg ، G = 6.67.10-11 (SI) ، RL = 1738km ، ML = 7.31022Kg : ‫وعطي‬

‫‪ .2.1.2‬اتجاه القوة الضاغطة‬

‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪t 0‬‬

‫‪ .2‬سرعة نقطة من جسم في حركة‬

‫‪V9 V7 V5 V1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪ .2.3‬متجهة السرعة اللحظية‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫) ‪( x, t‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪ .1‬مفعول قوة على حركة جسم صلب‬

‫‪i n‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ .3‬الحركة اإلجمالية والحركة الخاصة‬

‫‪ .4.2‬تطابق مركز الكتلة ومركز القصور‬

‫‪G‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪m4  m3‬‬ ‫‪V1  V2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪ .1.2‬متجهة كمية الحركة‬

‫‪ .2‬انحفاظ متجهة كمية الحركة‬

‫‪ .1‬القوة المطبقة من طرف نابض‬

‫‪ T‬شذة انقىة انمطبقت مه طرف انىابض عهى ‪ . S‬وعطي ‪g  10 N .kg 1‬‬

‫‪ .2.2‬تعبير شدة دافعة ارخميدس‬

‫‪ .1‬شرطا التوازن لجسم صلب خاضع لثالث قوى‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ .1.2‬عزم قوة بالنسبة لمحور ثابت‬

‫ عزم مزدوجة قوتين‬.2

‫‪ .3.2‬شرطا التوازن لجسم صلب قابل للدوران حول محور ثابت‬

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..................................................................... ...................................................................................... ............. .

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‫‪ .4.2‬تعبير عزم مزدوجة اللي‬

‫‪M   F .d‬‬ ‫)‪d (m‬‬ ‫) ‪F  m.g ( N‬‬ ‫) ‪ (rad‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ .1‬مفهوم النوع الكيميائي‬

‫‪ .1‬مقاربة تاريخية لتقنيات االستخراج‬

‫‪ .2.1‬االستخراج بواسطة مذيب ‪ :‬التصفيق‬

‫‪ .3.2‬التحليل الكروماتوغرافي على طبقة رقيقة‬

‫‪ .1‬ضرورة كيمياء التصنيع‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪ .2‬تصنيع نوع كيميائي‬

‫‪22cm3‬‬ ‫) ‪( NaOH‬‬ ‫‪40cm3‬‬

‫‪ .2.3‬التمثيل الرمزي لنواة الذرة‬

‫‪ .3.2‬االيونات األحادية الذرة‬

‫‪ .4.2‬توزيع االلكترونات على الطبقات االلكترونية‬

‫‪CaCO3‬‬ ‫‪FeC  3‬‬ ‫‪HNO3‬‬ ‫‪Na2SO 4‬‬

‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬

‫‪ .1‬الترتيب الدوري للعناصر الكيميائية‬

‫‪ .1.2‬المعايير الحالية للترتيب الدوري‬

‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬ ‫) ‪( K ) ( L) ( M‬‬

‫الترتيب الدوري المختصر للعناصر الكيميائية حيث ‪1  Z  18‬‬