EJERCICIO 8.

1
13 5 2
13. [ 2 7 −8]
5 4 7
Find the eigenvalues. Find the corresponding eigenvectors. Use the 𝜆 or factor in probs.

A) Eigenvalues
13 5 2 𝑥1 𝑥1
AX=[ 2 7 −8] [𝑥2] = 𝜆 [𝑥2] ; in components, 13𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = 𝜆𝑥1
5 4 7 𝑥3 𝑥3
2𝑥1 + 7𝑥2 − 8𝑥3 = 𝜆𝑥2
5𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 + 7𝑥3 = 𝜆𝑥3
Transferring the terms on the right to the left we get
(13 − 𝜆)𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 = 0

2𝑥1 + (7 − 𝜆)𝑥2 − 8𝑥3 = 0

5𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 + (7 − 𝜆)𝑥3 = 0
This can be written in matrix notation

(A-𝜆𝐼)x=0

By Cramer’s theorem in Sec. 7.7, this homogeneous linear system of equations has a nontrivial solution
if and only if the corresponding determinant of the coefficients is zero:
13 − 𝜆 5 2
D(𝜆)=det(A-𝜆𝐼)=[ 2 7−𝜆 −8 ] = 0
5 4 7−𝜆
By developing we obtain a polynomial of nth degree in 𝜆. This is called the characteristic polynomial of
A.

D(𝜆)= (13- 𝜆)((7 − 𝜆)2 + 36) − 5(14 − 2𝜆)

8.9999 + 0.0000i

9.0000 + 0.0000i

9.0000 - 0.0000i

21.
22. The indicated division of the characteristic polynomial gives

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25.
EJERCICIO 8.2
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EJERCICIO 8.3

1.
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3.