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TH EDITORIAL 29.09.2019 @upsc - Thoughts PDF
TH EDITORIAL 29.09.2019 @upsc - Thoughts PDF
14 FAQ DELHI
CAPSULE
Food insecurity aff ects children’s learning
Indian adolescents’ performance in maths, reading, vocabulary was aff ected, a study fi nds
Aswathi Pacha Aurino, from Imperial College needy populations are anoth
Business School, London, and er initiative worth considering
With the introduction of Sar the lead author of the work, in in this regard, which could be
Cracks for durability va Shiksha Abhiyan and the an email to The Hindu. She provisioned and run through
A new study published in
Nature Communications has
midday meal scheme, there
has been an increase in the
adds that teaching at the right
level and remedial education
local bodies.” He is one of the
authors of the paper.
Why do we nod off
revealed the nature of human
teeth enamel known to be
made of micronslong
number of children enrolling
in schools. But new research
says that Indian children are
programmes can also help
children who have fallen be
hind to catch up with peers.
Impact on economy
The researchers add that ex
during lectures?
nanocrystals, bundled into not able to perform well in “Studies have shown that periencing food insecurity at
rods. The team found that
these crystals are not
their studies due to wides midday meal schemes can home during childhood can SPEAKING
pread food insecurity at improve learning and class aff ect India’s economy
perfectly aligned but have tiny home. room eff ort. Expanding this through lower human capital OF SCIENCE
cracks and this may be helping An international team from programme to include break accumulation. “There are
in the longlasting nature of D. BALASUBRAMANIAN
U.K. and India looked at data fast for children at higher risk plenty of economic studies
the enamel. collected by Young Lives, a of food insecurity or in the that show that countries with It is endSeptember, and the season for conferenc
UK and Indiabased research lean season may prevent hun bettereducated workforces es and seminars has started in India. Generally,
study of over 1,900 school ger and its negative repercus are more capable of innovat they invite experts from diverse disciplines in a
children in Andhra Pradesh sions on child cognition,” she ing and grow at a faster pace conference, usually on a broad theme, while in a
and Telangana. adds. than countries with lower hu seminar, it is experts in a given discipline or even
The team examined how Preventive move: Expanding the midday meal scheme to “Our fi ndings highlight man capital stock. If children sub disciplines, who exchange and critique ideas
the experience of food inse include breakfast for children at risk of food insecurity may how even very early expe from foodinsecure house for collaborations, and thus, hopefully, advance
curity at home at ages 5, 8 and prevent impact of hunger on child cognition. G. MOORTHY *
riences of food insecurity can holds tend to learn less at the fi eld. A typical attendee in conferences gets to
12 years aff ected children’s have a lasting impact on out school, a country is not reach hear lectures from a fi eld that may not be familiar
performance in studying pared to their peers. gests that children may be comes across the life course,” ing its potential in terms of to him/her and thus has a learning opportunity. In
maths, reading the local lan The link between food inse able to bounce back from one of study authors Dr. Jas human capital, thus hamper a themespecial seminar, the attendee is a part
guage, vocabulary skills and curity at home and learning shortterm food insecurity in mine Fledderjohann, from ing its economic perfor player in the game, has a broad familiarity with the
Giant exoplanet
English ability in adolescence was more pronounced for some learning domains, but Lancaster University adds. mance,” adds Dr. Aurino. theme and gets to listen to various nuances, some
A paper published in Science
describes an exoplanet
(12 years old). those children who expe not in others. Dr. Sukumar Vellakkal from As this is a study on a very of which he learns, appreciates and gains from.
orbiting a verylowmass star. rienced chronic food insecuri BITS Pilani KK Birla,Goa Cam small population, the team Thus, conferences and seminars are useful.
This giant exoplanet was Crucial pattern ty and/or experienced it dur Early intervention pus says, “Increased budget suggests regular surveys that
found around the star GJ 3512 The study published in Eco- ing early childhood (at 5 The researchers ask for early allocation and eff ective imple measure food insecurity Jump in nodders
and has a mass of about 0.46 nomics of Education Review years). intervention from the govern mentation of the Integrated among households with chil However, there is one downside to this and that is
Jupiter masses and an orbit of shows that children whose fa Further, transitory spells of ment. “Because some curricu Child Development Services dren across the whole of India this business of some or many in the audience
204 days. The paper notes milies struggled with their food insecurity at home did lum is cumulative, it may be programme would be also are needed, as this will allow nodding off their heads and taking naps while the
that this planetary system of a food needs during diff erent not aff ect the kids’ test scores diffi cult for children who ex welcome. Also, the nutrition for tracking the state of house presentation on the stage is on. Why do they do it,
large exoplanet around a small stages of childhood per in reading and vocabulary, perience childhood food inse al value needs to be en hold food insecurity over time how often does this happen, what the “risk fac
star challenges the currently formed less well in all the four but their mathematical skills curity to catch up on learning hanced. Community kitchens and devise locallyappro tors” for are such nodding off have been summar
accepted formation theories. tests in adolescence com were still aff ected. This sug later,” explains Dr. Elisabetta for provisioning free food for priate remedial measures. ised in a 15yearold publication by K. Rockwood et
al., in the Canadian Medical Association Journal,
Dec 7, 2004 issue (DOI:10.1503/emaj.1041570). In
Scientifi c way of reviving fragments of rainforests
theirs!
Sustaining interest
What are the takehome lessons for speakers? How
does he/she capture sustained interest in the au
Degraded forest areas studied in Anamalai Hills recovered signifi cantly in terms of numbers of trees and species dience? They cannot avoid dimly lit room, since
the speaker uses slides, presentations and short vi
Shubashree Desikan — this would include sites far deos. But a useful tip comes from a recent report
away from larger, contiguous in the literature. It says that the ideal lecture
A twodecade long study car tracts of forests or those that should have 37% text, 29% diagrams/fi gures and
ried out by ecologists from would be critical as animal or 33% videos. It would worth putting this fractiona
Nature Conservation Founda plant movement corridors. tion into practice and see how it works. And in text
tion and University of Colum “Ecological restoration slides (or presentations), it is best to stick to the
bia fi nds that active restora should use a diverse set of lo “aspect ratio” (fi ve units width and three units
tion can promote recovery of cal, native species. We need height of the image or text), large fonts so that
tropical rainforest fragments to plan longterm as most of reading the text is easy, and colour contrast bet
with seven to 15 years of ef the native plants can be slow ween the background and text ( black or light blue
fort. growing and sometimes even background and a contract colour text). In addi
The recovery included im diffi cult to grow,” Dr. Mudap tion, speak slow and clear and into the micro
provement in forest structure pa explains. phone (see the paper by Lim et al., from Singa
and composition as well as pore, titled “Sustaining interest during lectures
carbon storage. Further, the Costeff ective plan with the use of multimedia”, Med.edu.online
study fi nds that such a resto With regard to degraded for 2006, available from
ration eff ort would be more All in 14 years: A degraded fragment in the Anamalai Hills (left) with with invasive weeds removed in preparation for restoration ests that are not isolated, Dr. http://www.mededonline.org.
eff ective in fragmented forest planting in 2004, and the same site in 2018 (right) showing some recovery of rainforest trees. NCF * Shankar Raman says, “If de Finally, the brainbiology behind this has be
patches. For example, those graded forests adjoin or are come better understood, as a recent publication
found in the middle of planta pending on size of the plot, pared with 17 benchmark the main study, comparing the amount of carbon stored near larger tracts of relatively from a team of Japanese and Chinese scientists has
tions, rather than in areas we planted between 27 and 82 areas that were relatively free old photographs of the sites for a given area, compared to intact forests, it may be better shown. They point out that the part known as the
where the forest is contiguous native species carefully select of human disturbance in a prerestoration, and through degraded forests left to recov to just protect them and leave nucleus accumbens in the brain has a strong abili
but degraded. The results of ed as appropriate for the site,” few decades. discussions with our fi eld staff er naturally, according to fi them to regenerate naturally ty to induce a nap by activating a set of molecules
the study are published in the says T. R. Shankar Raman, “A key challenge we faced who were involved in the res gures presented in the paper. as that would be called the A2A receptors. The main triggering mo
openaccess journal from NCF and an author of was in identifying suitable toration eff orts.” “First, don’t assume that costeff ective.” lecule here is adenosine which activates the A2A
Ecosphere. the paper. pairs of sites such that actively planting trees is the best way Some of the fragments that receptor and induces sleep (Y. Oishi et al., Nature
The group studied 25 pairs restored and naturally regen Quantifying recovery to restore an ecosystem. the team studied were located Communication 2017:8(1) DOI: 10.1038/S41467017
Ecological restoration of plots within degraded for erating plots were similar to The team found that the ac Trees should not be planted within tea and coff ee planta 007814). Besides adenosine there are other som
The study, which began in est fragments. In one of the each other in all respects (for tively restored areas im in ecosystems such as grass tions. “We were fortunate that nogenic molecules, which act on the A2A receptor
2002, focused on rainforests pair of plots, they carried out instance, slope, topography, proved in comparison with lands, deserts, or wetlands tea and coff ee plantation as well. Popular sleepinducing drugs potentiate
fragments in Anamalai Hills, active restoration which in past disturbance), except for the passively restored ones in that did not have any forests companies extended their the A2A receptor and put you to sleep. On the con
in the Western Ghats, and the cluded fi rst removing nonna that one was restored and the a way that matched the to begin with.” says Divya Mu support. They engaged in trary, caff eine in coff ee and tea block the receptor
ecological restoration in tive weeds and then planting other was not,” says Anand benchmarks to a good per dappa, another author of the partnerships with us, recog and keep you awake.
volved clearing the chosen saplings belonging to a varie Osuri from The Earth Insti centage. From seven to 15 paper and from NCF. nised these forest patches as So next time you attend a lecture drink a cup of
areas of invasive weeds and ty of native tree species. tute, Columbia University, years after restoration, these According to her, the best ‘biodiversity plots’ within coff ee before and keep awake, And when you give
planting a diverse mix of na The other plot was left to and fi rst author of the paper, degraded forests recovered way to go about ecological their estates and provided in a lecture, follow the instructions of Lim and others
tive species. “We planted regenerate naturally. Finally, in an email to The Hindu. “We signifi cantly in terms of num restoration would be to iden kind support such as labour from Singapore.
more than 150 native rainfor the results of the eff ort on the achieved this by conducting bers of trees, 49% in the num tify critical areas that would and space for nursery,” says
est tree species overall. De two sets of plots were com detailed site surveys before ber of tree species and 47% in benefi t from restoration eff ort Dr. Shankar Raman. dbala@lvpei.org
CM A ND-NDE
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